A demyelinating condition affecting the PONS and characterized clinically by an acute progressive QUADRIPLEGIA; DYSARTHRIA; DYSPHAGIA; and alterations of consciousness. Pathologic features include prominent demyelination in the central PONS with sparing of axons and neurons. This condition is usually associated with systemic disorders such as HYPONATREMIA; chronic ALCOHOLISM; LIVER FAILURE; severe BURNS; malignant NEOPLASMS; hemorrhagic PANCREATITIS; HEMODIALYSIS; and SEPSIS. The rapid medical correction of hyponatremia has been cited as a cause of this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1125-6)
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The front part of the hindbrain (RHOMBENCEPHALON) that lies between the MEDULLA and the midbrain (MESENCEPHALON) ventral to the cerebellum. It is composed of two parts, the dorsal and the ventral. The pons serves as a relay station for neural pathways between the CEREBELLUM to the CEREBRUM.
Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

Does the extent of axonal loss and demyelination from chronic lesions in multiple sclerosis correlate with the clinical subgroup? (1/51)

OBJECTIVE: To determine non-invasively the relation between the degree of axonal loss and the extent of demyelination in chronic lesions visible on MRI in patients with different subgroups of clinically definite multiple sclerosis using (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) and magnetisation transfer imaging (MT). Conventional MRI is unable to differentiate between the various pathological processes occurring in the multiple sclerosis lesion. There are, however, newer MR techniques which show promise in this respect. METHODS: (1)H MRS and MT were performed in 18 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis who had a wide range of disability and disease duration. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between a reduction in the concentration of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA; an in vivo marker of axonal loss or dysfunction) and a reduction in MT ratio (a probable marker of demyelination) in patients who had entered the secondary progressive stage of the disease. Patients with minimal disability after a disease duration of greater than 10 years-so called benign multiple sclerosis-showed a relative preservation of NAA and MT. CONCLUSIONS: Because a reduction in MT seems to be a relative marker for demyelination and a reduction of NAA from chronic lesions is indicative of axonal loss, this study supports the hypothesis that demyelination and axonal loss occur in the same chronic multiple sclerosis lesions. In addition, the degree of axonal loss and demyelination correlates with clinical heterogeneity.  (+info)

Slowly progressive dystonia following central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. (2/51)

A 28-year-old woman was hospitalized with dysarthria and oro-mandibular and upper limb dystonia. Approximately 8 years prior to the current admission, the woman became severely hyponatremic due to traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage-related SIADH. Brain MRIs showed a signal increase in the central pons, thalamus and striatum on T2 weighted images compatible with central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. From a few months after that event, dystonia progressed slowly over the subsequent 8 years. We speculate that the particular damage chiefly to the myelin structures by myelinolytic process may have caused an extremely slow plastic reorganization of the neural structures, giving rise to progressive dystonia.  (+info)

Treatment of severe hyponatremia: conventional and novel aspects. (3/51)

Hyponatremia is a frequent electrolyte disorder. A hyponatremia is called acute severe (<115 mM) when the duration has been <36 to 48 h. Such patients often have advanced symptoms as a result of brain edema. Acute severe hyponatremia is a medical emergency. It should be corrected rapidly to approximately 130 mM to prevent permanent brain damage. In contrast, in chronic severe hyponatremia (>4 to 6 d), there is no brain edema and symptoms are usually mild. In such patients, a number of authors have recommended a correction rate <0.5 mM/h to approximately 130 mM to minimize the risk of cerebral myelinolysis. Sometimes it is not possible to diagnose whether a severe hyponatremia is acute or chronic. In such cases, an initial imaging procedure is helpful in deciding whether rapid or slow correction should be prescribed. The modalities of treatment of severe hyponatremia have so far consisted of infusions of hypertonic saline plus fluid restriction. In the near future, vasopressin antagonists will become available. Preliminary experience has already demonstrated their efficiency of inducing a sustained water diuresis and a correction of hyponatremia.  (+info)

MR imaging of seven presumed cases of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. (4/51)

MRI was performed in seven patients with presumed central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. The underlying diseases were diabetes, lung cancer, Wilson disease, trauma, alcoholism, renal insufficiency and hemodialysis. CPM was found in four cases (in two of them extrapontine lesions were considered as resulting from Wilson disease), CPM and EPM in three patients. The localization of extrapontine changes included cerebellum, cerebral peduncles, caudate and lentiform nuclei, internal capsules, white matter and cortex of the cerebrum.  (+info)

Decreased diffusion in central pontine myelinolysis. (5/51)

Two patients with central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) were studied with diffusion-weighted MR imaging 1 week after onset of tetraplegia. In both patients, affected white matter showed hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted images associated with a decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. In one patient studied serially, ADC values normalized by 3 weeks after tetraplegia. Early in the clinical course, diagnosis of CPM can sometimes be difficult. Hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted images may therefore have diagnostic utility. Decreased lesional ADC values support the notion that CPM is a consequence of relative intracellular hypotonicity.  (+info)

Serial magnetic resonance imaging of central pontine myelinolysis. (6/51)

Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) is a rare neurologic complication after liver transplantation. The true incidence of CPM after orthotopic liver transplantation remains an estimate. However, with the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging, early recognition became feasible. In this report, we present a case of rapid resolution of CPM followed by serial magnetic resonance imaging scans.  (+info)

A 47-year-old alcoholic man with progressive abnormal gait. (7/51)

Central pontine myelinolysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with a history of alcoholism and malnutrition presenting with ataxia, regardless of serum sodium values. T2-weighted images are the most sensitive imaging technique, but changes may not be evident for weeks after the insult, and in addition, the insult may not be known. Supportive care is important to prevent complications, but no treatment has been found to be effective in treating the illness. Patient outcomes vary considerably and are difficult to predict.  (+info)

Central pontine myelinolysis associated with hypokalaemia in anorexia nervosa. (8/51)

A 31-year-old man was admitted to hospital with of anorexia, binge eating, and self induced vomiting. On admission, he showed a pronounced low weight and disturbance of the body image and was diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa. In addition, electrolyte abnormalities, mainly hypokalaemia, and increased serum renin and aldosterone concentrations were recorded, suggesting pseudo-Bartter syndrome as a complication. Under frequent monitoring of the serum potassium and sodium concentrations, serum electrolytes were gradually corrected, but brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed reversible central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Although attention has been mainly paid to the association of CPM with rapid correction of hyponatraemia and abnormal osmolality, this case report strongly suggested the involvement of hypokalaemia in the pathogenesis of CPM.  (+info)

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a neurological disorder that results from the damage to the myelin sheath in the central pons region of the brainstem. Myelin is the fatty substance that insulates and protects nerve fibers, allowing for the efficient transmission of electrical signals.

In CPM, the myelin sheath in the center of the pons area becomes damaged or destroyed due to various factors, most commonly rapid correction of hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood). This rapid correction can lead to an osmotic shift of water from inside the cells to outside, causing swelling and damage to the myelin sheath.

CPM is characterized by the development of symmetrical lesions in the central pons region, which can result in a range of neurological symptoms, including weakness or paralysis of muscles, difficulty swallowing, speech impairment, and altered levels of consciousness. In severe cases, CPM can lead to coma, respiratory failure, and even death.

It's important to note that the management of CPM involves preventing further damage to the myelin sheath by avoiding rapid correction of hyponatremia and providing supportive care for the neurological symptoms. Currently, there is no specific treatment for CPM, and recovery can be slow and incomplete.

Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by abnormally low sodium levels in the blood, specifically levels less than 135 mEq/L. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate water balance in and around your cells and plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function. Hyponatremia can occur due to various reasons, including certain medical conditions, medications, or excessive water intake leading to dilution of sodium in the body. Symptoms may range from mild, such as nausea, confusion, and headache, to severe, like seizures, coma, or even death in extreme cases. It's essential to seek medical attention if you suspect hyponatremia, as prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital for a favorable outcome.

The pons is a part of the brainstem that lies between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain. Its name comes from the Latin word "ponte" which means "bridge," as it serves to connect these two regions of the brainstem. The pons contains several important structures, including nerve fibers that carry signals between the cerebellum (the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements) and the rest of the nervous system. It also contains nuclei (clusters of neurons) that help regulate various functions such as respiration, sleep, and facial movements.

Hypernatremia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of sodium (na+) in the blood, specifically a serum sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate water balance in and around your cells. It's crucial for many body functions, including the maintenance of blood pressure, regulation of nerve and muscle function, and regulation of fluid balance.

Hypernatremia typically results from a deficit of total body water relative to solute, which can be caused by decreased water intake, increased water loss, or a combination of both. Common causes include dehydration due to severe vomiting or diarrhea, excessive sweating, burns, kidney diseases, and the use of certain medications such as diuretics.

Symptoms of hypernatremia can range from mild to severe and may include thirst, muscle weakness, lethargy, irritability, confusion, seizures, and in extreme cases, coma or even death. Treatment typically involves correcting the underlying cause and gradually rehydrating the individual with intravenous fluids to restore normal sodium levels.

Medical Definition of Water Intoxication:

Water intoxication, also known as hyponatremia, is a condition that occurs when an individual consumes water in such large quantities that the body's electrolyte balance is disrupted. This results in an abnormally low sodium level in the blood (hyponatremia), which can cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including nausea, headache, confusion, seizures, coma, and even death in extreme cases. It's important to note that water intoxication is rare and typically only occurs in situations where large amounts of water are consumed in a short period of time, such as during endurance sports or when someone is trying to intentionally harm themselves.

Demyelinating diseases are a group of disorders that are characterized by damage to the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering surrounding nerve fibers in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord. Myelin is essential for the rapid transmission of nerve impulses, and its damage results in disrupted communication between the brain and other parts of the body.

The most common demyelinating disease is multiple sclerosis (MS), where the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath. Other demyelinating diseases include:

1. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): An autoimmune disorder that typically follows a viral infection or vaccination, causing widespread inflammation and demyelination in the brain and spinal cord.
2. Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) or Devic's Disease: A rare autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal cord, leading to severe vision loss and motor disability.
3. Transverse Myelitis: Inflammation of the spinal cord causing damage to both sides of one level (segment) of the spinal cord, resulting in various neurological symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, or pain, depending on which part of the spinal cord is affected.
4. Guillain-Barré Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that causes rapid-onset muscle weakness, often beginning in the legs and spreading to the upper body, including the face and breathing muscles. It occurs when the immune system attacks the peripheral nerves' myelin sheath.
5. Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM): A rare neurological disorder caused by rapid shifts in sodium levels in the blood, leading to damage to the myelin sheath in a specific area of the brainstem called the pons.

These diseases can result in various symptoms, such as muscle weakness, numbness, vision loss, difficulty with balance and coordination, and cognitive impairment, depending on the location and extent of the demyelination. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms, modifying the immune system's response, and promoting nerve regeneration and remyelination when possible.

Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, leading to repetitive or twisting movements. These movements can be painful and may affect one part of the body (focal dystonia) or multiple parts (generalized dystonia). The exact cause of dystonia varies, with some cases being inherited and others resulting from damage to the brain. Treatment options include medications, botulinum toxin injections, and deep brain stimulation surgery.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Brain diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the brain and nervous system. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or structural abnormalities. They can affect different parts of the brain, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Some examples of brain diseases include:

1. Alzheimer's disease - a progressive degenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive function.
2. Parkinson's disease - a movement disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
3. Multiple sclerosis - a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system and can cause a range of symptoms such as vision loss, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairment.
4. Epilepsy - a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
5. Brain tumors - abnormal growths in the brain that can be benign or malignant.
6. Stroke - a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, which can cause paralysis, speech difficulties, and other neurological symptoms.
7. Meningitis - an infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
8. Encephalitis - an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or autoimmune disorders.
9. Huntington's disease - a genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination, cognitive function, and mental health.
10. Migraine - a neurological condition characterized by severe headaches, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Brain diseases can range from mild to severe and may be treatable or incurable. They can affect people of all ages and backgrounds, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life.

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte that is necessary for human health. In a medical context, sodium is often discussed in terms of its concentration in the blood, as measured by serum sodium levels. The normal range for serum sodium is typically between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

Sodium plays a number of important roles in the body, including:

* Regulating fluid balance: Sodium helps to regulate the amount of water in and around your cells, which is important for maintaining normal blood pressure and preventing dehydration.
* Facilitating nerve impulse transmission: Sodium is involved in the generation and transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system, which is necessary for proper muscle function and coordination.
* Assisting with muscle contraction: Sodium helps to regulate muscle contractions by interacting with other minerals such as calcium and potassium.

Low sodium levels (hyponatremia) can cause symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and coma, while high sodium levels (hypernatremia) can lead to symptoms such as weakness, muscle cramps, and seizures. Both conditions require medical treatment to correct.

Liver transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a diseased or failing liver is replaced with a healthy one from a deceased donor or, less commonly, a portion of a liver from a living donor. The goal of the procedure is to restore normal liver function and improve the patient's overall health and quality of life.

Liver transplantation may be recommended for individuals with end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure, certain genetic liver disorders, or liver cancers that cannot be treated effectively with other therapies. The procedure involves complex surgery to remove the diseased liver and implant the new one, followed by a period of recovery and close medical monitoring to ensure proper function and minimize the risk of complications.

The success of liver transplantation has improved significantly in recent years due to advances in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive medications, and post-transplant care. However, it remains a major operation with significant risks and challenges, including the need for lifelong immunosuppression to prevent rejection of the new liver, as well as potential complications such as infection, bleeding, and organ failure.

A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is the term used for both central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis. Central ... In about ten per cent of people with central pontine myelinolysis, extrapontine myelinolysis is also found. In these cases ... Central pontine myelinolysis is a neurological condition involving severe damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the ... Central pontine' indicated the site of the lesion and 'myelinolysis' was used to emphasise that myelin was affected. The ...
"Central pontine myelinolysis: a hitherto undescribed disease occurring in alcoholic and malnourished patients". AMA Arch Neurol ... Adams also first described central pontine myelinolysis. Adams died in Boston of complications from congestive heart failure, ...
"Central pontine myelinolysis following 'slow' correction of hyponatremia". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 97 (4): 340-343 ... patients may develop central pontine myelinolysis, irrespective of whether the correction of hyponatremia is kept slow. ... India portal "CSIR". Central Council of Industrial Research. 30 June 2003. Retrieved 2 October 2014. "Controversy". Hindustan ...
Martin RJ (September 2004). "Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: the osmotic demyelination syndromes". Journal of ...
Central pontine myelinolysis synd/2922 at Who Named It? E. Marchiafava, A. Bignami. Sopra un'alterazione del corpo calloso ...
McKee, A.C.; Winkelman, M.D.; Banker, B.Q. (1988). "Central pontine myelinolysis in severely burned patients: relationship to ... neonatal hypoxia and central pontine myelinolysis. In 1956, she married neurologist Maurice Victor, best known for coauthoring ... Banker, B.Q. (1964). "Spongy Degeneration of the Central Nervous System in Infancy". Neurology. 14 (11): 981-1001. doi:10.1212/ ...
Raising the serum sodium concentration too rapidly may cause central pontine myelinolysis. Avoid correction by more than 12 mEq ... Ashrafian, H.; Davey, P. (2001). "A review of the causes of central pontine myelinosis: yet another apoptotic illness?". ... The causes of SIADH are grouped into six categories: 1) central nervous system diseases that directly stimulate the ... A list of common causes is below: Central nervous system-related causes Infections Meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, ...
The basis pons undergoes demyelination in the condition known as central pontine myelinolysis. This condition is due to the ... The basal pontine nuclei provides the most information to the cerebellum. These pontine nuclei are integral in helping the ... An integral part of the basilar pons is the pontine nuclei. The pontine nuclei are responsible for projecting axons that go to ... Doing this makes the axons change into the transverse pontine fibers. The fibers of the pontine nuclei are all important to ...
In June 2016, a journal article was written on a central pontine myelinolysis presence. And from doing radiology scans within ... Grémain, V.; Richard, L.; Langlois, V.; Marie, I. (June 2016). "Imaging in central pontine myelonolysis: animals in the brain ...
The risk of central pontine myelinolysis does not apply assuming the hypoatraemia is acute. Generally, 100 mL of hypertonic ... Fluids containing glycine can be toxic to the cardiovascular and central nervous systems if infused in large amounts and should ... Blood pressure should be monitored via insertion of a central line and arterial line. Inotropes may be employed judiciously to ...
"Efficacy of clozapine in a non-schizophrenic patient with psychogenic polydipsia and central pontine myelinolysis". Human ... June 1999). "Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 water channel differentiates psychogenic polydipsia from central diabetes ... weakened or absent in central DI). Some patients, most often with a history of mental illness, show a shrunken cortex and ... "Use of T1-weighted MR imaging to differentiate between primary polydipsia and central diabetes insipidus". American Journal of ...
... and central pontine myelinolysis. These result in lesions to key areas of the brain involved in planning, executing, or ... Neurological injury due to damage in the central or peripheral nervous system may result in weakness, paralysis, or a lack of ...
Central pontine myelinolysis is a demyelinating disease that causes difficulty with sense of balance, walking, sense of touch, ... The superior pontine sulcus separates the pons from the midbrain. Posteriorly, the pons curves on either side into a middle ... Most of the pons is supplied by the pontine arteries, which arise from the basilar artery. A smaller portion of the pons is ... The pons can be broadly divided into two parts: the basilar part of the pons (ventral pons), and the pontine tegmentum (dorsal ...
Other conditions such as central pontine myelinolysis have about a third of patients recover and the other two-thirds ... CNS neuropathies such as those produced by vitamin B12 deficiency Central pontine myelinolysis Myelopathies such as tabes ... Demyelinating diseases can be divided in those affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and those affecting the peripheral ... Both myelinoclastic and leukodystrophic modes of disease may result in lesional demyelinations of the central nervous system. ...
... "central pontine myelinolysis" (CPM). That disorder is characterized by major neurologic damage, often of a permanent nature. ...
... or conditions such as central pontine myelinolysis that are associated with acute acquired insult.)[citation needed] Examples ... A hereditary CNS demyelinating disease is a demyelinating central nervous system disease that is primarily due to an inherited ... "Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases - Genetics Home Reference". Archived from the original on 2010-04-08. ...
... central pontine myelinolysis, edema). Special considerations with the treatment of potomania are needed. Because this could be ...
... and central pontine myelinolysis. Symptoms include malaise, weight loss, irritability and confusion. In Western countries, ... The cytosolic enzyme transketolase is central to the pentose phosphate pathway, a major route for the biosynthesis of the ...
These conditions are listed below: Central nervous system tumor Central pontine myelinolysis Cerebrovascular diseases Drug ... cerebral injury Peripheral or central trauma Toxins Secondary spasmodic torticollis is diagnosed when any of the following are ...
... myopathy Canavan disease Capgras delusion Carpal tunnel syndrome Causalgia Central pain syndrome Central pontine myelinolysis ...
... a computer simulation of cellular structures Central pontine myelinolysis, a neurological disease Certified Professional ... a Catholic order in France Central Park Media, a U.S. entertainment company Chicago Public Media, a National Public Radio ...
Rarer conditions associated with PBA include gelastic epilepsy, dacrystic epilepsy, central pontine myelinolysis, ... Arthur Fleck, the central character of the 2019 film Joker, displays signs of pseudobulbar affect, which are said to be what ...
... myelinolysis, central pontine MeSH C10.228.140.163.780 - reye syndrome MeSH C10.228.140.163.960 - wernicke encephalopathy MeSH ... central MeSH C10.228.140.068.094 - auditory perceptual disorders MeSH C10.228.140.068.432 - hearing loss, central MeSH C10.228. ... central nervous system MeSH C10.228.140.300.850.125 - aids arteritis, central nervous system MeSH C10.228.140.300.850.250 - ... central nervous system MeSH C10.500.190.600 - central nervous system venous angioma MeSH C10.500.190.800 - sinus pericranii ...
... myelinolysis, central pontine MeSH C18.452.100.780 - Reye syndrome MeSH C18.452.100.960 - Wernicke encephalopathy MeSH C18.452. ...
... anemia hyponatremia Wernicke's encephalopathy kidney failure central pontine myelinolysis coagulopathy atrophy Mallory-Weiss ... Home care is available in the form of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line for hydration and nutrition. Home ...
... greatly increases risk of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), and so requires constant monitoring of the person's response. ... As such, concentrations greater than 3% NaCl should normally be administered via a central venous catheter, also known as a ' ... central line'. Such hypertonic saline is normally available in two strengths, the former of which is more commonly administered ... also via central line), often in conjunction with supplementary diuretics, in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Dextrose ...
... formerly designated central pontine myelinolysis) secondary to excessively rapid correction of hyponatremia [>1 mEq/L/h]) A ...
Osmotic demyelination syndrome is the term used for both central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis. Central ... In about ten per cent of people with central pontine myelinolysis, extrapontine myelinolysis is also found. In these cases ... Central pontine myelinolysis is a neurological condition involving severe damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the ... Central pontine indicated the site of the lesion and myelinolysis was used to emphasise that myelin was affected. The ...
Adams et al described central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) as a unique clinical entity. They published their findings in 1958, ... Central pontine myelinolysis may complicate liver transplantation surgery. [9] Consider central pontine myelinolysis when ... encoded search term (Central Pontine Myelinolysis) and Central Pontine Myelinolysis What to Read Next on Medscape ... What is the prognosis of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)?. What are the possible complications of central pontine ...
Central Pontine" by people in this website by year, and whether "Myelinolysis, Central Pontine" was a major or minor topic of ... "Myelinolysis, Central Pontine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Myelinolysis, Central Pontine" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Myelinolysis, Central Pontine". ...
central-pontine-myelinolysis-4 (1). Previous. Next Publié 26 mai 2015. à 1024 × 1024 dans Atteintes des noyaux gris centraux ( ...
Danyalian A, Heller D. Central Pontine Myelinolysis. [Updated 2019 Dec 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): ...
Central Pontine Myelinolysis (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) * Hepatic Encephalopathy (American Liver ... Central Nervous System: The Brain and Spinal Cord (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish ...
Central pontine myelinolysis. Kiley MA, King M, Burns RJ. Kiley MA, et al. Among authors: burns rj. J Clin Neurosci. 1999 Mar;6 ...
Classically, central pontine myelinolysis affects the central midline portion of the basis pontis. Marchiafava-Bignami disease ... Central pontine myelinolysis. Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain highlights loss of myelin in the midline region of basis pontis in ... Central pontine myelinolysis. Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain highlights loss of myelin in the midline region of basis pontis in ... Central pontine myelinolysis with gray discoloration in the midline basis pontis (arrow). View Media Gallery ...
Central pontine myelinolysis. BAILEY OT, BRUNO MS, OBER WB. BAILEY OT, et al. Am J Med. 1960 Nov;29:902-6. doi: 10.1016/0002- ...
Demyelination is a hallmark of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Neuropsychiatric manifestations of this condition include ... or central pontine myelinolysis? Paul Schneider1, Vicki A Nejtek2,3, Cheryl Hurd2,31Green Oaks Behavioral Health Care Services ... A case of mistaken identity: alcohol withdrawal, schizophrenia, or central pontine myelinolysis?. ... central pontine myelinolysis, hyponatremia ... PubMed Central*. 4,681. 658. 5,339. Totals. 15,449. 3,074. ...
Alcoholic Case of Central Pontine Myelinolysis with Mainly Cerebellar Signs Eur Addict Res (July,2008) ... Kuriyama A, Jackson JL, Doi A, Kamiya T: Metronidazole-induced central nervous system toxicity: a systematic review. Clin ... Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system ...
Parkinsonism and dystonia in central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis (1 July, 1998) Free A Seiser, S Schwarz, M M ...
Central pontine myelinolysis during pregnancy: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 37, 273-279 (2017). ... Central nervous system and muscle involvement in an adolescent patient with riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA ...
Central pontine myelinolysis presenting as isolated sixth nerve palsy in third trimester of pregnancy. Gosavi T, See SJ. Ann ...
Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts (CADASIL), cerebral ... Fronto-temporal dementia (FTD), fungal central nervous system (CNS) infections, such as : coccidiodal meningitis, cryptococcus ...
... central pontine and/or extrapontine myelinolysis) in 25 patients., J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2010, , http://www.ncbi.nlm. ...
... central pontine myelinolysis (brain degeneration), seizures, confusion, malnutrition, hallucinations, peptic (stomach) ulcers, ...
Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM). *Medscape article. *Overcorrection of serum sodium - cannot correct too fast (more than 8- ...
Central pontine. myelinolysis (CPM). It is a demyelinating disease that makes it difficult for one to balance, walk, touch, ... severing from central pontine myelinolysis, hyponatremia should be corrected at. a speed not exceeding 10 mmol/L/24hrs. ... According to doctors, the major cause of central pontine myelinolysis is a rapid correction of low blood sodium levels which is ... the varolis bridge is subjectable to one major disease which is the central pontine myelinolysis. ...
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (previously called central pontine myelinolysis) may follow too-rapid correction of hyponatremia ... The classic pontine lesion may extend dorsally to involve sensory tracts and leave patients with a "locked-in" syndrome (an ... Rapid-onset hyponatremia is problematic because the cells of the central nervous system have not had time to remove some of the ... Symptoms mainly involve central nervous system dysfunction. However, when hyponatremia is accompanied by disturbances in total ...
Central pontine myelinolysis. *. Syphilitic myelopathy (tabes dorsalis). *. Leukoencephalopathies (i.e., progressive multifocal ... Classification of demyelinating diseases is made on the basis of whether the nerves affected are of the central nervous system ...
CENTRAL PONTINE AND EXTRAPONTINE MYELINOLYSIS IN ENCEPHALITIS Suvrendu Sankar Kar, Arijit Sinha, Bikash Chandra Seth, Biswanath ... CORRELATION BETWEEN CENTRAL CORNEAL THICK-NESS AND DIABETES IN SUDANESE PATIENTS Yasser Seddeg Abdulghani, Tahir Osman Ali ...
Central Pontine Myelinolysis Extrapontine Myelinoclasis Extrapontine Myelinolysis Myelinoclasis, Central Pontine Pontine ... Myelinolysis, Central Pontine Preferred Term Term UI T052748. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1994). ... Pontine Myelinolysis, Central Term UI T052747. Date09/09/1992. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1994). ... Myelinolysis, Central Pontine Preferred Concept UI. M0026656. Scope Note. A demyelinating condition affecting the PONS and ...
Central pontine myelinolysis with clinical recovery: MR documentation. Ragland, R. L., Duffis, A. W., Gendelman, S., Som, P. M. ...
The patient with central pontine myelinolysis lived in a persistent vegetative state for 2 years. ... central pontine myelinolysis (one patient), dysartria (one patient), myopathy (one patient) and mutism (one patient). The ...
Central pontine myelinolysis associated with low potassium levels in alcoholism.. Bähr M, Sommer N, Petersen D, Wiethölter H, ...
Central pontine myelinolysis. Cortical basal ganglionic degeneration. Dystonia. Encephalitis (herpesvirus, Trypanosoma cruzi) ... Lafargue T, Brasic J. Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia: a central sensory disturbance. Med Hypotheses. 2000 Oct. ...
counts per minute; care plan meeting; central pontine myelinolysis; continuous passive mobilizer; continuous passive motion. ...
Central pontine myelinolysis. Same, stereotaxic biopsy. Text. Central pontine myelinolysis (another case). Osteosarcoma of ... Echinococcosis of the central nervous system. CT, MRI Same, post mortem examination. Same, scanned microscopical slides. Same, ... Central neurocytoma Same, HE, IH. Pictured: astrocytic differentiation F. 75 yr. Occipital metastasis of follicular carcinoma ...
  • Osmotic demyelination syndrome is the term used for both central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In about ten per cent of people with central pontine myelinolysis, extrapontine myelinolysis is also found. (wikipedia.org)
  • Micieli A, Najeeb U, Kingston W. Central pontine (and extrapontine) myelinolysis despite appropriate sodium correction. (legehandboka.no)
  • Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: a systematic review. (legehandboka.no)
  • Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: the osmotic demyelination syndromes. (legehandboka.no)
  • Pure word deafness associated with extrapontine myelinolysis[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2010, 11(11): 842-847. (zju.edu.cn)
  • extrapontine myelinolysis and pure word deafness are very uncommon disorders. (zju.edu.cn)
  • Bilateral extrapontine myelinolysis was confirmed using brain magnetic resonance imaging. (zju.edu.cn)
  • Since this original description, demyelination in other areas of the central nervous system associated with osmotic stress has been described outside the pons (extrapontine). (wikipedia.org)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis, and osmotic demyelination syndrome, present most commonly as a complication of treatment of patients with profound hyponatremia (low sodium), which can result from a varied spectrum of conditions, based on different mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis is a concentrated, frequently symmetric, noninflammatory demyelination within the central basis pontis. (medscape.com)
  • In at least 10% of patients with central pontine myelinolysis, demyelination also occurs in extrapontine regions, including the mid brain, thalamus, basal nuclei, and cerebellum. (medscape.com)
  • The term osmotic myelinolysis is more appropriate than central pontine myelinolysis for demyelination occurring in extrapontine regions after the correction of hyponatremia. (medscape.com)
  • Pathologic features include prominent demyelination in the central PONS with sparing of axons and neurons. (sdsu.edu)
  • [ 2 , 3 ] Standard of care requires judicious treatment of electrolyte disturbances to reduce the incidence of osmotic myelinolysis. (medscape.com)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis reportedly occurs occasionally in patients who are treated for hypernatremia. (medscape.com)
  • Classification of demyelinating diseases is made on the basis of whether the nerves affected are of the central nervous system or of the peripheral nervous system ( Table 114-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • There is a case report of central pontine myelinolysis occurring in the context of refeeding syndrome, in the absence of hyponatremia. (wikipedia.org)
  • It could affect patients who take some prescription medicines that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause abnormal thirst reception - in this scenario the central pontine myelinolysis is caused by polydipsia leading to low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia). (wikipedia.org)
  • Physicians currently recognize that central pontine myelinolysis occurs inconsistently as a complication of severe and prolonged hyponatremia , particularly when corrected too rapidly. (medscape.com)
  • Conditions predisposing patients to central pontine myelinolysis include alcoholism , liver disease, malnutrition, and hyponatremia . (medscape.com)
  • Many patients who have hyponatremia that is corrected rapidly do not develop central pontine myelinolysis. (medscape.com)
  • The difference between the basilar and ventral medulla is that basilar contains more transverse pontine fibers that form the middle cerebellar peduncle. (human-memory.net)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis is a neurological condition involving severe damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the pons (an area of the brainstem). (wikipedia.org)
  • Three to five days later, a second phase of neurological manifestations occurs correlating with the onset of myelinolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Careful monitoring while administering these medications is important as rapid correction of serum sodium levels can cause irreversible neurological damage like central pontine myelinolysis. (picmonic.com)
  • Apart from rapid correction of hyponatraemia, there are case reports of central pontine myelinolysis in association with hypokalaemia, anorexia nervosa when feeding is started, patients undergoing dialysis and burn victims. (wikipedia.org)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis following 'optimal' rate of correction of hyponatraemia with a good clinical outcome. (zju.edu.cn)
  • Doctors at the hospital obtained the records from Edwards-Elmhurst Healthcare and noted that the rapid correction of the sodium level from 114 to 129 was the cause of the central pontine myelinolysis. (malpracticeteam.com)
  • They may also cause metabolic imbalances that can secondarily affect the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)
  • Burn patients with a prolonged period of serum hyperosmolality are prone to developing central pontine myelinolysis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 ] Central pontine myelinolysis occurs more frequently in females than in males. (medscape.com)
  • These complications were as follows: new onset, recurrent headache (three patients), generalized seizures (two patients), persistent tremor (one patient), central pontine myelinolysis (one patient), dysartria (one patient), myopathy (one patient) and mutism (one patient). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neurotoxins are synthetic or naturally occurring substances that damage, destroy, or impair the functioning of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Marsili L, Gallerini S, Bartalucci M, Marotti C, Marconi R.. Paroxysmal painful spasms associated with central pontine myelinolisis in the context of nonketotic hyperglycemia. (legehandboka.no)
  • According to scientists, the varoli's bridge is divided into two main parts, the basilar part also known as the ventral pons and the pontine tegmentum commonly called the dorsal pons. (human-memory.net)
  • Pontine arteries are connected to basilar artery and they supply oxygen-rich blood to most parts of the pons. (human-memory.net)
  • The author provided consultation for a liver transplant patient who developed central pontine myelinolysis and critical illness neuromyopathy. (medscape.com)
  • The patient with central pontine myelinolysis lived in a persistent vegetative state for 2 years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Correct it too fast by pushing in sodium, and your patient develops central pontine myelinolysis. (symptoma.com)
  • With this excessive thirst combined with psychotic symptoms, brain damage such as central pontine myelinolysis may result from hyperosmolarity caused by excess intake of fluids, (primary polydipsia) although this is difficult to determine because such patients are often institutionalised and have a long history of mental health conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • A study by Singh et al demonstrated that central pontine myelinolysis was present in 29% of postmortem examinations of liver transplant patients. (medscape.com)
  • A case of mistaken identity: alcohol withdrawal, schizophrenia, or central pontine myelinolysis? (dovepress.com)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Myelinolysis, Central Pontine" by people in this website by year, and whether "Myelinolysis, Central Pontine" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (sdsu.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Myelinolysis, Central Pontine" by people in Profiles. (sdsu.edu)
  • The typical exam findings for central pontine myelinolysis were masked by peripheral nerve and muscle disease. (medscape.com)
  • Some individuals will also have damage in other areas of the brain, which is called extrapontine myelinolysis. (nih.gov)
  • Since this original description, demyelination in other areas of the central nervous system associated with osmotic stress has been described outside the pons (extrapontine). (wikipedia.org)
  • Osmotic demyelination syndrome is the term used for both central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In about ten per cent of people with central pontine myelinolysis, extrapontine myelinolysis is also found. (wikipedia.org)
  • In at least 10% of patients with central pontine myelinolysis, demyelination also occurs in extrapontine regions, including the mid brain, thalamus, basal nuclei, and cerebellum. (medscape.com)
  • The term osmotic myelinolysis is more appropriate than central pontine myelinolysis for demyelination occurring in extrapontine regions after the correction of hyponatremia. (medscape.com)
  • A case of central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis during rapid correction of hypernatremia]. (nih.gov)
  • Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis associated with type 2 diabetic patient with hypokalemia. (nih.gov)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM), complications of excessive correction of chronic hyponatremia, are now diagnosed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (medscape.com)
  • The clinical neurologic picture may be confusing, as it may include a variety of findings from psychiatric, behavioral, and movement disorders, such as dysphagia and flaccid or spastic quadriparesis, depending on the involvement of extrapontine or central pontine myelinolysis. (medscape.com)
  • Osmotic demyelination syndrome central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis, with both the maternal source of blood component administration informed consent for human rabies worldwide, bats, raccoons, foxes, and other drugs. (elastizell.com)
  • ODS is symmetric, non-inflammatory demyelination of neurons, which can be classified into two types based on location: central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis [ 6 - 8 ]. (e-cmh.org)
  • Maximum recovery from central pontine myelinolysis may require several months. (medscape.com)
  • Certain areas of the brain are particularly susceptible to myelinolysis, especially the part of the brain stem called the pons, which relays signals involving hearing, taste, movement, and other functions. (nih.gov)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis is a neurological condition involving severe damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the pons (an area of the brainstem). (wikipedia.org)
  • Pontine" refers to the pons , a part of the brain stem. (healthline.com)
  • We propose that uncomplicated alcoholics also have subclinical variants of the more profound alcohol-related demyelinating conditions of Marchiafava-Bignami Disease (MBD), affecting corpus callosum, and Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM), affecting central pons. (grantome.com)
  • To evaluate alcohol's central nervous system effects, researchers distinguish "uncomplicated alcoholism" (i.e., alcohol use disorder [AUD]) from the various clinically diagnosable consequences of chronic alcohol consumption, including Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), alcoholic cerebellar degeneration (ACD), alcohol-related dementia (ARD), and Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD). (nih.gov)
  • In this 48-year-old man with the stuttering progression of neurologic deficits over several months, the initial T2-weighted MR imaging showed pontine hyperintensities (thin red arrows). (medlink.com)
  • The college answer recommends to raise the sodium by no more than 0.5mmol/hr, to avoid pontine myelinolysis . (derangedphysiology.com)
  • The typical exam findings for central pontine myelinolysis were masked by peripheral nerve and muscle disease. (medscape.com)
  • A histologic examination after an autopsy revealed characteristic findings of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). (nih.gov)
  • With this excessive thirst combined with psychotic symptoms, brain damage such as central pontine myelinolysis may result from hyperosmolarity caused by excess intake of fluids, (primary polydipsia) although this is difficult to determine because such patients are often institutionalised and have a long history of mental health conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Severe myelinolysis can lead to coma, "locked-in" syndrome (which is the complete paralysis of all of the voluntary muscles in the body except for those that control the eyes), and death. (nih.gov)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis was first described as a disorder in 1959. (wikipedia.org)
  • Central pontine myelinolysis: a case report of persistent hyperglycemia with normal serum sodium. (medlink.com)
  • After ICU discharge, central pontine myelinolysis was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • A cranial magnetic resonance scan showed central pontine myelinolysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Apart from rapid correction of hyponatraemia, there are case reports of central pontine myelinolysis in association with hypokalaemia, anorexia nervosa when feeding is started, patients undergoing dialysis and burn victims. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myelinolysis" means that the myelin - the covering that protects nerve cells, including the pontine nerve cells - is being destroyed . (healthline.com)
  • The nerve damage caused by central pontine myelinolysis is often long-lasting. (adam.com)
  • [ 9 ] Consider central pontine myelinolysis when confusion and/or weakness complicate the liver transplant patient's postoperative recovery. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) -MS affects the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. (outsourcestrategies.com)
  • A study by Singh et al demonstrated that central pontine myelinolysis was present in 29% of postmortem examinations of liver transplant patients. (medscape.com)
  • Consider participating in a clinical trial so clinicians and scientists can learn more about central pontine myelinolysis. (nih.gov)
  • Learn about clinical trials currently looking for people with myelinolysis at Clinicaltrials.gov , a database of current and past clinical studies and research results. (nih.gov)
  • Adams et al described central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) as a unique clinical entity. (medscape.com)
  • Administration of hypertonic (3%) sodium chloride/acetate resulted in higher central venous pressures and positive fluid balance, with a concomitant increase in serum sodium and chloride concentrations without metabolic acidosis. (umn.edu)
  • Acetylcholine is active in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. (medscape.com)
  • Some individuals have a condition related to syringomyelia known as hydro(syringo)myelia, which is characterized by abnormal widening of the central canal of the spinal cord (the normal small canal running through the center of the spinal cord). (rarediseases.org)
  • [ 2 , 3 ] Standard of care requires judicious treatment of electrolyte disturbances to reduce the incidence of osmotic myelinolysis. (medscape.com)
  • These result from a rapid myelinolysis of the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts in the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)