Myelitis
Neuromyelitis Optica
Neuroschistosomiasis
Aquaporin 4
Spinal Cord
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Paraplegia
Muscle Hypotonia
Central Nervous System Helminthiasis
Tabes Dorsalis
Meningitis, Aseptic
Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS
Influence of sex on clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever. (1/166)
Clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever were correlated with sex through a retrospective case note review of 102 hospitalized culture-positive patients in Durban, South Africa. Intestinal perforation (P = 0.04), occult blood losses in stools (P = 0.04), and a mild reticulocytosis in the absence of hemolysis (P = 0.02) occurred more frequently in males than in females. A single pretreatment Widal O antibody titer > or = 1:640 was also a statistically significant occurrence in males (P = 0. 006). Female patients were significantly more severely ill (P = 0.0004) on admission and had chest signs consistent with bronchopneumonia (P = 0.04), transverse myelitis (P = 0.04), abnormal liver function test results (P = 0.0003), and abnormal findings in urinalyses (P = 0.02). Typhoid hepatitis (P = 0.04) and glomerulonephritis (P = 0.02) were present significantly more frequently in females. Whether these differences were due to differences in host's immune response to acute infection need to be determined in a prospective study. (+info)Unusual cervical spinal cord toxicity associated with intra-arterial carboplatin, intra-arterial or intravenous etoposide phosphate, and intravenous cyclophosphamide in conjunction with osmotic blood brain-barrier disruption in the vertebral artery. (2/166)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: When the clinical and radiologic characteristics of an unusual cervical spinal cord complication of intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy with blood brain-barrier (BBB) disruption in the vertebral circulation are documented. Seven cases are reported and analyzed in search of a pathophysiologic explanation. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 94 patients who received a total of 380 standardized regimens of IA carboplatin, IA or IV etoposide phosphate, and IV cyclophosphamide infusion in conjunction with osmotic BBB disruption of the vertebral artery. We describe seven of those patients in whom unexpected neck pain developed followed by neurologic symptoms primarily in the upper extremities. RESULTS: The symptoms correlated with MR abnormalities (T1 hypointensity, T2 hyperintensity, and unusual contrast enhancement) in the cervical spinal cord, usually involving the gray matter. The neurologic deficits and MR changes were generally transient. One patient who received a flu vaccination 48 hours before the chemotherapy incurred progressive myelitis and expired. CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology of this complication is probably multifactorial but may be related to vascular streaming and an atypical inflammatory toxic reaction to carboplatin and etoposide. The complication has not recurred during a 6-month period following modification of the protocol. (+info)Acute myelitis after asthma attacks with onset after puberty. (3/166)
A poliomyelitis-like illness after asthma attacks has been found and is called asthmatic amyotrophy (Hopkins' syndrome). All of the previously reported cases were under 13 years of age. Three patients are described who developed acute myelitis after asthma attacks at 15, 22, and 73 years of age. All of them showed acute flaccid monoparesis, and needle EMG disclosed denervation potentials in the relevant muscles. In addition, in the two adult patients the sensory or pyramidal tracts were involved, and evoked potential studies confirmed an involvement of the pyramidal tracts in one of them. This 22 year old patient showed a second episode of monoparesis in the other limb after another asthma attack. All three patients had no significant changes in their antiviral antibody titres, whereas every patient had hyperIgEaemia and allergen specific IgE. These findings suggest that asthmatic amyotrophy can develop after puberty and that patients who develop this disease in adulthood seem to show both a widespread involvement of the spinal cord and a more varied course. (+info)Tuberculous radiculomyelitis complicating tuberculous meningitis: case report and review. (4/166)
Tuberculous radiculomyelitis (TBRM) is a complication of tuberculous meningitis (TBM), which has been reported rarely in the modern medical literature. We describe a case of TBRM that developed in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient, despite prompt antituberculous treatment. To our knowledge, this is the second case of TBRM reported in an HIV-infected patient. We also review 74 previously reported cases of TBRM. TBRM develops at various periods after TBM, even in adequately treated patients after sterilization of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The most common symptoms are subacute paraparesis, radicular pain, bladder disturbance, and subsequent paralysis. CSF evaluation usually shows an active inflammatory response with a very high protein level. MRI and CT scan are critical for diagnosis, revealing loculation and obliteration of the subarachnoid space along with linear intradural enhancement. As in other forms of paradoxical reactions to antituberculous treatment, there is evidence that steroid treatment might have a beneficial effect. (+info)Nationwide survey of the annual prevalence of viral and other neurological infections in Japanese inpatients. (5/166)
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the annual prevalence of viral and other neurological infections at large hospitals in Japan during the period from 1989 to 1991. METHODS: A nationwide questionnaire survey on the numbers of inpatients with viral and other neurological infections was sent for completion to the chiefs of Departments of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Pediatrics at all hospitals with more than 200 beds. RESULTS: The average annual number of inpatients (and the number per 10(6) population) with encephalitis in large hospitals was estimated to be 2,200+/-400 (17.7+/-3.2), while it was 32,000+/-16,000 (258+/-129) for meningitis, and 650+/-50 (5.2+/-0.4) for myelitis. Among the inpatients with encephalitis, meningitis, and myelitis, an unknown etiology was the most common (51.2% in encephalitis, 73.2% in meningitis, and 36.3% in myelitis), followed by a viral etiology for all three diseases. CONCLUSION: The first estimate was made of the annual prevalence of viral and other neurological infections and their etiology in Japan. (+info)Toxoplasma gondii myelitis in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. (6/166)
Adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) caused by HTLV-I may be associated with severe immunosupression and several opportunistic infections. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is a common central nervous system opportunistic infection in severely immunosupressed patients, however spinal cord involvement by this parasite is rare. In this paper, we report a case of toxoplasmic myelitis in a patient with ATL. (+info)An immunological syndrome featuring transverse myelitis, Evans syndrome and pulmonary infiltrates after unrelated bone marrow transplant in a patient with severe aplastic anemia. (7/166)
A patient with severe aplastic anemia underwent a matched unrelated bone marrow transplant, following which he developed a complex autoimmune syndrome. This featured transverse myelitis, immune mediated Coombs positive hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia (Evans syndrome), pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilia, muscle pains and cramps and lichenoid dermatitis all of which may represent manifestations of graft-versus-host disease as they showed response to immunosuppression. Thus, although immune-mediated cytopenias after an allogeneic bone marrow transplant are rare, they should be considered as a possible cause of cytopenia in post-transplant patients. (+info)Acute flaccid paralysis in infants and young children with enterovirus 71 infection: MR imaging findings and clinical correlates. (8/166)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is now considered an important cause of childhood acute flaccid paralysis. The purpose of our study was to determine whether EV71-infection-related acute flaccid paralysis in infants and young children has characteristic MR imaging patterns. METHODS: Seven infants and young children with acute paralysis of the upper or lower extremities and positive EV71 cultures underwent spinal MR studies during an outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Taiwan in 1998. RESULTS: Acute paralysis was observed in one upper extremity in two patients, in one lower extremity in three patients, and in both lower extremities in two patients. None of the patients had sensory impairment or bulbar palsy. MR studies showed unilateral or bilateral hyperintense lesions in the anterior horn regions of the cord on T2-weighted images in six patients. No abnormal signal was present in one patient. Two of three patients who received intravenous injections of contrast material had ventral root enhancement on T1-weighted images. One of them also had enhancement of the unilateral anterior horn cells. At clinical follow-up, both patients with bilateral anterior horn abnormalities had residual motor weakness, whereas only one of the five patients with unilateral involvement had residual weakness. CONCLUSION: EV71 radiculomyelitis tends to be unilateral and to specifically involve both the anterior horn cells of the cord and the ventral roots. MR imaging allows early detection of spinal cord and root lesions. (+info)Myelitis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the spinal cord. This inflammation can cause damage to the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering of nerve fibers in the spinal cord. As a result, the transmission of nerve impulses along the spinal cord may be disrupted, leading to various neurological symptoms.
Myelitis can affect any part of the spinal cord and can have many different causes, including infections (such as viral or bacterial infections), autoimmune disorders (such as multiple sclerosis), and other conditions (such as spinal cord injuries or tumors). The specific symptoms of myelitis depend on the location and severity of the inflammation. They may include muscle weakness, numbness or tingling sensations, pain, bladder or bowel dysfunction, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
Myelitis can be a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention and treatment. Treatment typically focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation, as well as managing symptoms and supporting recovery.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease, is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It primarily causes inflammation and damage to the optic nerves (which transmit visual signals from the eye to the brain) and the spinal cord. This results in optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve, causing vision loss) and myelitis (inflammation of the spinal cord, leading to motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction).
A key feature of NMO is the presence of autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG), a water channel protein found in astrocytes (a type of glial cell) in the CNS. These antibodies play a crucial role in the development of the disease, as they target and damage the AQP4 proteins, leading to inflammation, demyelination (loss of the protective myelin sheath around nerve fibers), and subsequent neurological dysfunction.
NMO is distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS), another autoimmune disorder affecting the CNS, as it has different clinical features, radiological findings, and treatment responses. However, NMO can sometimes be misdiagnosed as MS due to overlapping symptoms in some cases. Accurate diagnosis of NMO is essential for appropriate management and treatment, which often includes immunosuppressive therapies to control the autoimmune response and prevent further damage to the nervous system.
Neuroschistosomiasis is a form of schistosomiasis, which is a parasitic infection caused by Schistosoma species. It is characterized by the invasion and inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) by the parasite's eggs or larvae. This can lead to various neurological symptoms such as seizures, headaches, visual disturbances, and motor or sensory deficits. Neuroschistosomiasis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
The two Schistosoma species most commonly associated with neuroschistosomiasis are S. japonicum and S. mansoni. The parasites typically enter the human body through skin contact with contaminated water, where they mature into adult worms in the bloodstream. Female worms then lay eggs, some of which may be carried to the CNS by the circulatory system.
Neuroschistosomiasis can occur in both acute and chronic forms. Acute neuroschistosomiasis is characterized by an inflammatory response to the parasite's eggs or larvae, which can cause eosinophilic meningitis or encephalitis. Chronic neuroschistosomiasis may result in the formation of granulomas around the eggs, leading to various neurological symptoms depending on the location and extent of the damage.
Diagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as MRI or CT scans), and laboratory tests (such as serology or CSF analysis). Treatment usually consists of anti-parasitic drugs such as praziquantel, combined with corticosteroids to manage the inflammatory response. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to alleviate symptoms or prevent further damage.
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein that is primarily found in the membranes of astrocytes, which are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system. AQP4 plays a crucial role in the regulation of water homeostasis and the clearance of excess fluid from the brain and spinal cord. It also facilitates the rapid movement of water across the blood-brain barrier and between astrocytes, which is important for maintaining proper neuronal function and protecting the brain from edema or swelling.
Mutations in the AQP4 gene can lead to various neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a severe autoimmune condition that affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. In NMOSD, the immune system mistakenly attacks AQP4 proteins, causing inflammation, demyelination, and damage to the nervous tissue.
Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid drug, which is a class of hormones that naturally occur in the body and are produced by the adrenal gland. It is often used to treat various medical conditions such as inflammation, allergies, and autoimmune disorders. Methylprednisolone works by reducing the activity of the immune system, which helps to reduce symptoms such as swelling, pain, and redness.
Methylprednisolone is available in several forms, including tablets, oral suspension, and injectable solutions. It may be used for short-term or long-term treatment, depending on the condition being treated. Common side effects of methylprednisolone include increased appetite, weight gain, insomnia, mood changes, and increased susceptibility to infections. Long-term use of methylprednisolone can lead to more serious side effects such as osteoporosis, cataracts, and adrenal suppression.
It is important to note that methylprednisolone should be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can cause serious side effects if not used properly. The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on various factors such as the patient's age, weight, medical history, and the condition being treated.
The spinal cord is a major part of the nervous system, extending from the brainstem and continuing down to the lower back. It is a slender, tubular bundle of nerve fibers (axons) and support cells (glial cells) that carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal cord primarily serves as a conduit for motor information, which travels from the brain to the muscles, and sensory information, which travels from the body to the brain. It also contains neurons that can independently process and respond to information within the spinal cord without direct input from the brain.
The spinal cord is protected by the bony vertebral column (spine) and is divided into 31 segments: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each segment corresponds to a specific region of the body and gives rise to pairs of spinal nerves that exit through the intervertebral foramina at each level.
The spinal cord is responsible for several vital functions, including:
1. Reflexes: Simple reflex actions, such as the withdrawal reflex when touching a hot surface, are mediated by the spinal cord without involving the brain.
2. Muscle control: The spinal cord carries motor signals from the brain to the muscles, enabling voluntary movement and muscle tone regulation.
3. Sensory perception: The spinal cord transmits sensory information, such as touch, temperature, pain, and vibration, from the body to the brain for processing and awareness.
4. Autonomic functions: The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system originate in the thoracolumbar and sacral regions of the spinal cord, respectively, controlling involuntary physiological responses like heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration.
Damage to the spinal cord can result in various degrees of paralysis or loss of sensation below the level of injury, depending on the severity and location of the damage.
Medical Definition:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.
Paraplegia is a medical condition characterized by partial or complete loss of motor function and sensation in the lower extremities, typically affecting both legs. This results from damage to the spinal cord, often due to trauma such as accidents, falls, or gunshot wounds, or from diseases like spina bifida, polio, or tumors. The specific area and extent of the injury on the spinal cord determine the severity and location of paralysis. Individuals with paraplegia may require assistive devices for mobility, such as wheelchairs, and may face various health challenges, including pressure sores, urinary tract infections, and chronic pain.
Muscle hypotonia, also known as decreased muscle tone, refers to a condition where the muscles appear to be flaccid or lacking in tension and stiffness. This results in reduced resistance to passive movements, making the limbs feel "floppy" or "like a rag doll." It can affect any muscle group in the body and can be caused by various medical conditions, including neurological disorders, genetic diseases, and injuries to the nervous system. Hypotonia should not be confused with muscle weakness, which refers to the inability to generate normal muscle strength.
Central nervous system helminthiasis is a medical condition that refers to the invasion and infection of the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the brain and spinal cord, by parasitic worms, also known as helminths. This rare but serious condition can occur when helminth larvae or eggs accidentally migrate from their usual location in the body to the CNS through the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid.
The most common types of helminths that can cause CNS helminthiasis include:
1. Neurocysticercosis: This is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium, which typically infects the muscles and brain. However, when the larvae invade the CNS, they can form cysts that cause inflammation, swelling, and damage to brain tissue.
2. Echinococcosis: This is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. The larvae can form hydatid cysts in various organs, including the brain, leading to neurological symptoms.
3. Gnathostomiasis: This is caused by the larval stage of the nematode Gnathostoma spinigerum or Gnathostoma hispidum. The larvae can migrate to various organs, including the CNS, causing inflammation and damage to brain tissue.
4. Angiostrongyliasis: This is caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which typically infects rats but can accidentally infect humans through contaminated food or water. The larvae can migrate to the CNS and cause eosinophilic meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Symptoms of CNS helminthiasis depend on the type of parasite involved, the location and extent of the infection, and the host's immune response. They can range from mild to severe and may include headache, seizures, weakness, numbness, vision changes, confusion, and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as serology or CSF analysis. Treatment depends on the type of parasite involved and may include antiparasitic drugs, corticosteroids, and supportive care. Prevention measures include avoiding contaminated food and water, practicing good hygiene, and using insect repellents to prevent mosquito-borne infections.
Tabes dorsalis is a late-stage complication of untreated neurosyphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is characterized by degeneration of the posterior columns and dorsal roots of the spinal cord, leading to various neurological symptoms.
The medical definition of Tabes Dorsalis is:
A chronic progressive degenerative disease of the spinal cord, specifically affecting the dorsal root ganglia and posterior columns, caused by the tertiary stage of syphilis. The condition is characterized by a combination of motor, sensory, and autonomic disturbances, including ataxia, Romberg's sign, lightning pains, hypo- or areflexia, impaired proprioception, dissociated sensations, and Argyll Robertson pupils. If left untreated, Tabes Dorsalis can lead to significant disability and even death.
Aseptic meningitis is a type of meningitis (inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord) that is not caused by bacterial infection. Instead, it can be due to viral infections, fungal infections, or non-infectious causes such as certain medications, chemical irritants, or underlying medical conditions. In aseptic meningitis, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis may show increased white blood cells, typically lymphocytes, but no bacterial growth on culture. Common viral causes include enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, and varicella-zoster virus. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include supportive care, antiviral medications, or immunosuppressive therapy in some cases.
Demyelinating autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are a group of disorders characterized by inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This damage can result in various neurological symptoms, including muscle weakness, sensory loss, vision problems, and cognitive impairment.
The most common demyelinating autoimmune disease of the CNS is multiple sclerosis (MS), which affects approximately 2.3 million people worldwide. Other examples include neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and transverse myelitis.
These conditions are thought to arise when the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, leading to inflammation, damage, and scarring (sclerosis) in the CNS. The exact cause of this autoimmune response is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors.
Treatment for demyelinating autoimmune diseases of the CNS typically involves a combination of medications to manage symptoms, reduce inflammation, and modify the course of the disease. These may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that target specific components of the immune system.
Myelitis
Meningococcal myelitis
Transverse myelitis
Acute flaccid myelitis
Steven Elliott
Hubert Maitland Turnbull
Sunil Pradhan
Aseptic meningitis
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
James Purdon Martin
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Lee Ju-seung
Carlos Pardo-Villamizar
Kristen Johnston
Tick-borne encephalitis
Emily Erbelding
Myelopathy
Christy Young
Łucja Frey
Midori JavaScript Framework
Alexander Kolisko
Enterovirus 68
Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
W. Ian Lipkin
Ivar Wickman
Neurovirology
Stephen T. Wegener
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Mary of the Divine Heart
Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) | CDC
Myelitis - Wikipedia
Acute Flaccid Myelitis: MedlinePlus
Update on Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Myelitis
Acute Flaccid Myelitis Causes and Diagnosis
Acute flaccid myelitis requires galvanized research response | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
the-canadian-transverse-myelitis-associationassociation-canadienne-myelite-tran | CharityProfile | Donate Online
Browsing by Subject "Myelitis, Transverse"
acute flaccid myelitis
Kidshealth: Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) | Akron Children's Hospital
Acute Flaccid Myelitis Requires Galvanized Research Response | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Acute Flaccid Myelitis - PubMed
Transverse Myelitis | Northwestern Medicine
Safety of Tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19 related longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
NOT-NS-19-029: Notice of Interest in Advancing Research in Acute Flaccid Myelitis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Vaccine Resources: Tools for Coalitions and Info about Acute Flaccid Myelitis | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
2010 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 341.2 : Acute (transverse) myelitis
2010 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 323 : Encephalitis myelitis and encephalomyelitis
Acute flaccid myelitis - Getting a Diagnosis - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
"Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Dangerous Polio-like Illness" by Annie Panageas
Acute Transverse Myelitis - Neurologic Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition
WHO EMRO | Diffuse myelitis in a 9-month-old infant: case report and review of the literature | Volume 15, issue 1 | EMHJ...
Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) August 2020 - FirstWatch
Acute Flaccid Myelitis in the United States, August-December 2014: Results of Nationwide Surveillance
"Southwestern Polio-myelitis Respiratory Center at Jefferson Davis Hosp" by Texas Medical Center
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis1
- Neuroimaging studies disclosed laminar cortical necrosis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) in cervical and thoracic spinal cord levels (figure). (unifesp.br)
Spinal33
- Transverse myelitis is a neurological disorder caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. (nih.gov)
- Myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord. (nih.gov)
- If the myelitis affects the upper spinal cord, it affects the arms as well. (nih.gov)
- Myelitis is inflammation of the spinal cord which can disrupt the normal responses from the brain to the rest of the body, and from the rest of the body to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
- however, any inflammatory attack on the spinal cord is often referred to as transverse myelitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Immune-mediated myelopathies, heterogeneous group of inflammatory spinal cord disorders including autoimmune disorders with known antibodies Myelitis occurs due to various reasons such as infections. (wikipedia.org)
- In the case of myelitis, not only is the immune system dysfunctional, but the dysfunction also crosses this protective blood brain barrier to affect the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- Poliomyelitis, or gray matter myelitis, is usually caused by infection of anterior horn of the spinal cord by the enteroviruses (polioviruses, enteroviruses (EV) 70 and 71, echoviruses, coxsackieviruses A and B) and the flaviviruses (West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis). (wikipedia.org)
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a medical condition characterized by muscular weakness and myelitis, which is the medical term used to describe inflammation of the spinal cord. (news-medical.net)
- AFM is classified as a sub-type or variant of transverse myelitis, which clinically presents with symptoms and signs that are typical of neurologic dysfunction in the sensory and motor tracts on both sides of the spinal cord. (news-medical.net)
- Sensory abnormalities are not typically found in testing, because the myelitis is limited to exclusively the gray matter of the spinal cord. (news-medical.net)
- The term "myelitis" means inflammation of the spinal cord. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare condition that affects the spinal cord. (akronchildrens.org)
- In most cases, transverse myelitis occurs due to an issue that is causing inflammation in the spinal cord. (nm.org)
- Acute transverse myelitis is acute inflammation of gray and white matter in one or more adjacent spinal cord segments, usually thoracic. (msdmanuals.com)
- Acute transverse myelitis is a rare but severe inflammatory demyelinating disorder that usually involves both sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord [1]. (who.int)
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is characterized by rapid onset of flaccid weakness in one or more limbs and distinct abnormalities of the spinal cord gray matter on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (cdc.gov)
- Transverse myelitis is an inflammation of the spinal cord. (symptoma.com)
- Idiopathic acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is an inflammation in the spinal cord that develops suddenly. (und.edu)
- In people with transverse myelitis, the myelin damage most often occurs in nerves in the upper back, causing problems with leg movement and bowel and bladder control, which require signals from the lower segments of the spinal cord. (neurologycolorado.com)
- Additional research funded by NINDS aims to develop new imaging techniques to assess the relationship between spinal cord pathology and neurological dysfunction in multiple sclerosis, which may possibly aid in other myelin disorders such as transverse myelitis. (neurologycolorado.com)
- The term "myelitis" is too frequently loosely employed to designate cases of diffuse nonsystemic disease of the spinal cord in which the pathologic process bears no relation to infection but is due to toxins, avitaminosis, vascular disease, trauma, compression and similar causes. (jamanetwork.com)
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is an emerging disorder primarily affecting children that is characterized by acute flaccid paralysis accompanied by abnormalities of the spinal cord gray matter on magnetic resonance imaging. (medscape.com)
- However, AFM remains a rare disease, which can make it challenging for physicians to recognize and differentiate from other causes of acute flaccid paralysis such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, spinal cord stroke, and transverse myelitis. (medscape.com)
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a recently recognized disorder of the spinal cord characterized by acute-onset flaccid paralysis with associated gray matter-predominant abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
- Transverse Myelitis, or TM, causes swelling on one or both sides of the spinal cord. (rxinjuryhelp.com)
- Pain: Pain associated with traverse myelitis will depend on the area of the spinal cord affected. (rxinjuryhelp.com)
- A s of this week, almost 200 children across 39 different states have been diagnosed with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), a condition that affects the nervous system, especially in the area of spinal gray matter, weakening muscles and reflexes. (elitelearning.com)
- Transverse myelitis is a rare neurological condition in which the entire width of the spinal cord becomes inflamed, causing nerve damage and pain . (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
- There is a possible connection between Covid-19 and a rare spinal disorder known as transverse myelitis . (sciatica.clinic)
- Although these case reports are not enough to prove that covid is the cause for transverse myelitis, researchers are delving into the possibility of a connection between the virus and this spinal condition. (sciatica.clinic)
- Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disease that causes injury to the spinal cord with varying degrees of weakness, sensory alterations, and autonomic dysfunction. (greenlegalteam.com)
- Transverse myelitis is a group of disorders associated with spinal cord swelling. (pva.org)
Update on acute flaccid myelitis2
- Today, as part of the CDC Expert Commentary series on Medscape, I'll provide an update on acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), which we've been investigating since 2014 when we received an increase in reports in the United States. (medscape.com)
- The latest update on acute flaccid myelitis, including case counts. (keepkidshealthy.com)
Symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis1
- What are the symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)? (medlineplus.gov)
Centers for Diseas1
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has noted an increase in reported and confirmed Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) cases in 2018. (azdhs.gov)
20181
- Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM): What Health Care Providers Need to Know , COCA Call, November 13, 2018. (keepkidshealthy.com)
20192
- 2019. Acute Flaccid Myelitis Causes and Diagnosis . (news-medical.net)
- The CDC's July 2019 Vital Signs report included a summary of recent experience with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). (chop.edu)
Episode of transverse myelitis2
- Some people will have only one episode of transverse myelitis, but others may have a recurrence, especially if an underlying illness, such as multiple sclerosis, caused the inflammation. (nih.gov)
- Many individuals experience only one episode of transverse myelitis. (neurologycolorado.com)
People with transverse myelitis7
- In people with transverse myelitis, myelin damage most often occurs in nerves in the upper back. (nih.gov)
- Most people with transverse myelitis have at least partial recovery, with most recovery taking place within the first three months after symptoms begin. (nih.gov)
- Weakness of the legs and arms -People with transverse myelitis often have weakness in the legs that worsens rapidly. (nih.gov)
- People with transverse myelitis can also lose sensation in parts of their bodies. (nih.gov)
- Bowel and bladder dysfunction -People with transverse myelitis often have an increased frequency or urge to use the toilet, incontinence or urinary retention, and constipation. (nih.gov)
- No effective cure currently exists for people with transverse myelitis. (neurologycolorado.com)
- The hard facts are that while most people with transverse myelitis have at least a partial recovery, for some, however, recovery can continue for up to two years and longer. (sciatica.clinic)
Diagnosed with transverse myelitis2
- Individuals diagnosed with transverse myelitis, or TM, following administration of the flu vaccine or another inoculation may be entitled to compensation. (rxinjuryhelp.com)
- Most individuals diagnosed with transverse myelitis report a tight banding or girdle-like sensation around the trunk, with the area being very sensitive to touch. (greenlegalteam.com)
Transverse myelitis vaccine injury5
- If you have developed transverse myelitis from a vaccine, take our free quiz to see if you're eligible for transverse myelitis vaccine injury compensation . (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
- What are the symptoms of transverse myelitis vaccine injury? (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
- How is a transverse myelitis vaccine injury diagnosed? (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
- Am I eligible for transverse myelitis vaccine injury compensation? (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
- Our Transverse Myelitis vaccine injury lawyers can determine if you have a case. (greenlegalteam.com)
Polio-like illness2
- A recent increase in cases of a polio-like illness in children called Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) has drawn attention to gaps in understanding of its causes and treatment. (nih.gov)
- Acute Flaccid Myelitis is a polio-like illness that tends to start with symptoms of an upper respiratory tract illness and leads to flaccid paralysis. (libsyn.com)
Neuromyelitis optica3
- In some people, transverse myelitis is the first symptom of an autoimmune or immune-mediated disease such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. (nih.gov)
- If complete transverse myelitis, obtain neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to assist in determining the cause. (hopkinsguides.com)
- Myelitis attacks with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) tend to be more severe and are associated with less recovery than attacks with multiple sclerosis. (greenlegalteam.com)
Weakness8
- A person with transverse myelitis will often feel a band-like sensation across the trunk of the body and may experience sensory symptoms and weakness below that area. (nih.gov)
- Acute flaccid myelitis: a polio-like syndrome that causes muscle weakness and paralysis. (wikipedia.org)
- Most myelitis manifests fast progression in muscle weakness or paralysis starting with the legs and then arms with varying degrees of severity. (wikipedia.org)
- It can include atopic myelitis, which causes weakness. (wikipedia.org)
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is an incompletely understood neurologic disorder occurring in epidemic fashion causing weakness ranging from mild paresis to devastating paralysis in children and some adults. (nih.gov)
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare but serious syndrome (a pattern of symptoms) that causes limb weakness, mostly in children. (cdc.gov)
- Transverse myelitis generally presents with rapidly progressing muscle weakness or paralysis, beginning with the legs and moving to the arms with varying degrees of severity. (greenlegalteam.com)
- Symptoms of AFM: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is characterized by the sudden onset of limb weakness and loss of muscle tone and reflexes. (kennedykrieger.org)
Atopic2
- Atopic dermatitis: rarely associated with myelitis in children. (hopkinsguides.com)
- Kira, J 1997, ' Atopic myelitis: a novel clinical entity ', Fukuoka igaku zasshi = Hukuoka acta medica , vol. 88, no. 10, pp. 319-324. (elsevierpure.com)
Vaccine injury2
- If you have developed transverse myelitis from a vaccine injury, contact us right away. (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
- The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) includes transverse myelitis as a covered injury. (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
Idiopathic3
- Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group (TMCWG) proposed diagnostic criteria for idiopathic ATM. (hopkinsguides.com)
- If none of the tests are suggestive of a specific cause, a diagnosis of idiopathic transverse myelitis can be made. (wearesrna.org)
- 19 When a healthcare provider diagnoses someone with "transverse myelitis," they are typically referring to idiopathic TM. (wearesrna.org)
Occurs1
- Disease-associated transverse myelitis" refers to TM that occurs in a patient with an identified autoimmune disorder. (wearesrna.org)
Multiple sclerosis2
- Acute transverse myelitis occasionally recurs in patients with multiple sclerosis, SLE, or antiphospholipid syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
- It is well-documented that Multiple sclerosis, bacterial infections, and other viruses can cause transverse myelitis, research must continue to see if there is a connection to covid-19. (sciatica.clinic)
Disorders4
- The term "AFP" is a generalized "umbrella" term and includes multiple clinical entities, including paralytic poliomyelitis, AFM, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), acute transverse myelitis, toxic neuropathy, and muscle disorders. (cdc.gov)
- Some cases of transverse myelitis occur on their own, but a number of conditions appear to cause the disorder, including immune system disorders, bacterial and viral infections, fungal infections, and various parasites. (neurologycolorado.com)
- Researchers at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) are working to better understand the process by which the immune system destroys or attacks myelin in transverse myelitis and autoimmune disorders. (neurologycolorado.com)
- Transverse Myelitis can be caused by other immune system disorders, viral infections, bacterial infections and fungal infections. (greenlegalteam.com)
Infection3
- Direct infection by viruses, bacteria, mold, or parasites such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II), syphilis, lyme disease, and tuberculosis can cause myelitis but it can also be caused due to non-infectious or inflammatory pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- Acute flaccid myelitis (mye-uh-LYE-tiss) often happens after a respiratory infection, such as a cold . (akronchildrens.org)
- The mechanism of transverse myelitis is often unknown, but some cases follow viral infection or vaccination, suggesting an autoimmune reaction. (msdmanuals.com)
Disorder2
- The knowledge gained from such research should lead to a greater knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for transverse myelitis and may ultimately provide a means to prevent and treat this disorder. (neurologycolorado.com)
- Transverse myelitis, or TM, is a neurological disorder that often damages the myelin, the protective layer that covers nerve cell fibers. (rxinjuryhelp.com)
Occur3
- Myelitis lesions usually occur in a narrow region but can be spread and affect many areas. (wikipedia.org)
- Transverse myelitis (TM) can occur in any person at any age. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Transverse myelitis can affect people of any age, but a peak in incidence rates appears to occur between 10 and 19 years of age and 30 to 39 years of age. (neurologycolorado.com)
Myelin1
- Clinical, Radiologic, and Prognostic Features of Myelitis Associated With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoantibody. (nih.gov)
Viral1
- Viral myelitis Most viral myelitis is acute, but the retroviruses (such as HIV and HTLV) can cause chronic myelitis. (wikipedia.org)
20231
- Retrieved on November 30, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Acute-Flaccid-Myelitis-Causes-and-Diagnosis.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Myelopathies2
- Doctors Gates: Diagnostic Algorithm for Evaluation of Acute Myelopathies and Myelitis. (blogspot.com)
- Diagnostic Algorithm for Evaluation of Acute Myelopathies and Myelitis. (blogspot.com)
Neurosarcoidosis1
- Neurosarcoidosis: myelitis may be part of the spectrum of inflammation. (hopkinsguides.com)
Causes acute2
- What causes acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)? (medlineplus.gov)
- What Causes Acute flaccid Myelitis? (news-medical.net)
Affects1
- Acute flaccid myelitis has made headlines recently, but what exactly is this strange disease that affects children? (medlineplus.gov)
Infections1
- Myelitis often follows after the infections or after vaccination. (wikipedia.org)
Cases5
- Strong consideration should be made to initiating HAART in all HIV CMV myelitis cases. (hopkinsguides.com)
- In some rare cases, transverse myelitis can be caused by vaccines. (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
- There have been 158 cases of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) so far this year, with another 153 cases under investigation by the CDC and state and local health departments. (keepkidshealthy.com)
- There have been three known cases of acute transverse myelitis brought on from covid-19 . (sciatica.clinic)
- EV-D68 is also the main enterovirus responsible for cases of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) during years when we see increases in AFM cases. (snohd.org)
Treatments2
- What are the treatments for acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)? (medlineplus.gov)
- Treatments for transverse myelitis are usually given in a hospital or rehabilitation facility. (vaccineinjurylegalteam.com)
Diffuse1
- The patient was diagnosed with diffuse myelitis and treated at first with intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg/day for 5 days). (who.int)
Complications1
- As previously stated, there is no cure for transverse myelitis, and treatment focuses on managing complications. (sciatica.clinic)
Syndrome3
- AFM causes many of the same symptoms as other neurologic diseases, such as transverse myelitis and Guillain-Barre syndrome . (medlineplus.gov)
- The symptoms associated with AFM are often similar to other neurological conditions, such as transverse myelitis and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). (news-medical.net)
- Acute flaccid myelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome in children: A comparative study with evaluation of diagnostic criteria. (nih.gov)