Myelolipoma
Adrenocortical Adenoma
Vanilmandelic Acid
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
The elevated serum alkaline phosphatase--the chase that led to two endocrinopathies and one possible unifying diagnosis. (1/34)
A 39-year-old Chinese man with hypertension being evaluated for elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) levels was found to have an incidental right adrenal mass. The radiological features were characteristic of a large adrenal myelolipoma. This mass was resected and the diagnosis confirmed pathologically. His blood pressure normalised after removal of the myelolipoma, suggesting that the frequently observed association between myelolipomas and hypertension may not be entirely coincidental. Persistent elevation of the SAP levels and the discovery of hypercalcaemia after surgery led to further investigations which confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma. The patient's serum biochemistry normalised after removal of the adenoma. The association of adrenal myelolipoma with primary hyperparathyroidism has been reported in the literature only once previously. Although unconfirmed by genetic studies this association may possibly represent an unusual variation of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. (+info)Giant adrenal myelolipoma. (2/34)
Authors present a case of giant adrenal myelolipoma, where the tumor was hormonally inactive but caused abdominal and flank pain. The huge tumor, a 20x18x10 cm mass, was surgically removed. The ipsilateral kidney was preserved. (+info)Adrenal lipomatous tumours: a 30 year clinicopathological experience at a single institution. (3/34)
AIMS: Fatty tumours of the adrenal gland are uncommon and their features have received little attention in the literature. The aim of this study is to analyse the features of adrenal lipomatous tumours. METHODS: The histological features of primary adrenal tumours reported over a 30 year period (1970 to 1999) in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong were reviewed and the clinicopathological features of adrenal lipomatous tumours were analysed. RESULTS: Adrenal lipomatous tumours were noted in 20 patients (12 men, eight women), and they accounted for 4.8% of the primary adrenal tumours reported. The adrenal fatty tumours comprised 11 myelolipomas, three lipomas, three teratomas, two angiomyolipomas, and one liposarcoma. Calcification or bone was noted in one third (seven of 20) of the adrenal tumours. In some fatty tumours (myelolipoma and angiomyolipoma), the fatty component may be inconspicuous. This is the first report in the English literature of angiomyolipoma and liposarcoma of the adrenal gland. CONCLUSIONS: Different types of fatty tumours were noted in the adrenal gland. A high index of suspicion should be maintained with an aim of surgical treatment for selected patients with large and symptomatic adrenal lipomatous lesions. Histological confirmation is needed for diagnosis. (+info)17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency accompanied by adrenal myelolipoma. (4/34)
A 45-year-old woman was admitted because of hypertension and hypokalemia. Primary amenorrhea from birth was noted. Plasma renin activity (PRA), 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and androgen levels were low, but progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were elevated, resulting in a diagnosis of 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a round mass in the left adrenal region, the specimen of which was diagnosed as myelolipoma. After removal of the tumor, the blood pressure, serum potassium and hormone levels were unchanged, indicating an adrenal non-functioning tumor. Excessive ACTH secretion over a long period may stimulate the development of adrenal myelolipoma. (+info)Adrenal myelolipoma in a dog. (5/34)
Abdominal ultrasound examination in an 11-year-old, intact, female Labrador dog with hepatic disease revealed a nodular swelling of the left adrenal gland. Hyperadrenocorticism was suspected, but endocrine tests were negative. At the owner's request, an adrenalectomy was performed. Grossly, a nodular mass protruded from the external surface of the left adrenal gland and in cut section was hemorrhagic and effaced the cortical and medullary regions. Histologic examination revealed a cortical neoplasm with medullary involvement. The mass was composed of well-differentiated adipose cells, megakaryocytes, hematopoietic cells, and macrophages containing hemosiderin deposits. A diagnosis of cortical adrenal myelolipoma was made. (+info)Unusual presentation of splenic myelolipoma in a dog. (6/34)
A 13-year-old dog was presented with clinical signs of anemia, vomiting, weight loss, and progressive abdominal distension. Abdominal ultrasonography and radiography revealed a large mass, which was removed surgically. Cytologic and histologic evaluation of the mass revealed a mixture of fat and hematopoietic tissue, consistent with a splenic myelolipoma. (+info)Benign extramedullary myeloid proliferations. (7/34)
Extramedullary proliferations of bone marrow elements are infrequently encountered in routine pathology practice. On occasion, they can present diagnostic difficulties when seen in unusual or unanticipated sites. This review serves to cover aspects of underlying embryogenesis of myeloid elements, as well as sites and circumstance of benign proliferations of myeloid elements along with their occasional confusion with neoplastic myeloid proliferations. Benign proliferations associated with hematologic disorders and hematopoietic growth factors are discussed. Immunohistochemical evaluation of myeloid proliferations is considered as well. (+info)Myelolipoma within a non-functional adrenal cortical adenoma. (8/34)
Myelolipoma within an adrenal cortical adenoma is a very rare cause of adrenal incidentaloma, and only nine cases have been reported in the English and Japanese literature. We report a 66-year-old Chinese man, with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, who presented with lower limb oedema and had a computed tomography (CT ) of the abdomen done to exclude intra-abdominal mass. His lower limb symptoms resolved after switching his antihypertensive medication. CT of the abdomen showed a large heterogeneously-enhancing mass in the left suprarenal region, measuring 72 mm by 55 mm. Clinical history, physical examination and laboratory results did not show any evidence to suggest metabolic disorder such as Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism or catecholamine hypersecretion. The patient underwent a left adrenalectomy, and a histopathological study confirmed the mass to be a non-functional adrenal cortical adenoma containing myelolipoma. The patient was well postoperatively and was discharged uneventfully. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-functional adrenal cortical adenoma reported; in the nine cases of myelolipoma within an adrenal cortical adenoma reported previously, all the patients had Cushing's syndrome. The literature on synchronous myelolipoma with adrenal adenoma, and myelolipoma within functional adrenal adenoma, is reviewed. (+info)Myelolipoma is a type of benign tumor that occurs in the adrenal gland, which is located on top of each kidney. This tumor is composed of both fatty tissue (lipoma) and cells that are similar to those found in the bone marrow (myeloid). Myelolipomas are usually small and asymptomatic, but they can grow larger and cause symptoms such as abdominal pain or discomfort, depending on their size and location.
Myelolipomas are rare tumors that typically affect middle-aged to older adults, with a slight female predominance. They are usually discovered incidentally during imaging studies performed for other medical conditions. In most cases, myelolipomas do not require treatment unless they cause symptoms or grow large enough to pose a risk of bleeding or rupture. Surgical removal is the standard treatment for symptomatic or complicated myelolipomas.
Adrenal gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the adrenal glands. These glands are located on top of each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response. Adrenal gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign adrenal tumors are called adenomas and are usually small and asymptomatic. However, some adenomas may produce excessive amounts of hormones, leading to symptoms such as high blood pressure, weight gain, and mood changes.
Malignant adrenal tumors are called adrenocortical carcinomas and are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma may include abdominal pain, weight loss, and hormonal imbalances.
It is important to diagnose and treat adrenal gland neoplasms early to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Diagnostic tests may include imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, as well as hormone level testing and biopsy. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
An adrenocortical adenoma is a benign tumor that arises from the cells of the adrenal cortex, which is the outer layer of the adrenal gland. These tumors can produce and release various hormones, such as cortisol, aldosterone, or androgens, depending on the type of cells they originate from.
Most adrenocortical adenomas are nonfunctioning, meaning that they do not secrete excess hormones and may not cause any symptoms. However, some functioning adenomas can produce excessive amounts of hormones, leading to a variety of clinical manifestations. For example:
* Cortisol-secreting adenomas can result in Cushing's syndrome, characterized by weight gain, muscle wasting, thin skin, easy bruising, and mood changes.
* Aldosterone-producing adenomas can cause Conn's syndrome, marked by hypertension (high blood pressure), hypokalemia (low potassium levels), and metabolic alkalosis.
* Androgen-secreting adenomas may lead to hirsutism (excessive hair growth) or virilization (development of male secondary sexual characteristics) in women.
The diagnosis of an adrenocortical adenoma typically involves imaging tests, such as CT or MRI scans, and hormonal evaluations to determine if the tumor is functioning or not. Treatment usually consists of surgical removal of the tumor, especially if it is causing hormonal imbalances or growing in size.
Vanilmandelic acid (VMA) is a metabolite produced in the body as a result of the breakdown of catecholamines, which are hormones such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Specifically, VMA is the major end product of epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolism.
In clinical medicine, measurement of VMA in urine is often used as a diagnostic test for pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor that arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland and can cause excessive production of catecholamines. Elevated levels of VMA in the urine may indicate the presence of a pheochromocytoma or other conditions associated with increased catecholamine secretion, such as neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroma.
It's important to note that while VMA is a useful diagnostic marker for pheochromocytoma and related conditions, it is not specific to these disorders and can be elevated in other medical conditions as well. Therefore, the test should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and diagnostic tests.
Adrenal cortex neoplasms refer to abnormal growths (tumors) in the adrenal gland's outer layer, known as the adrenal cortex. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors are called adrenal adenomas, while cancerous tumors are called adrenocortical carcinomas.
Adrenal cortex neoplasms can produce various hormones, leading to different clinical presentations. For instance, they may cause Cushing's syndrome (characterized by excessive cortisol production), Conn's syndrome (caused by aldosterone excess), or virilization (due to androgen excess). Some tumors may not produce any hormones and are discovered incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions.
The diagnosis of adrenal cortex neoplasms typically involves a combination of imaging techniques, such as CT or MRI scans, and hormonal assessments to determine if the tumor is functional or non-functional. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate between benign and malignant tumors. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and hormonal activity of the neoplasm and may include surgical excision, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of inherited genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, which are triangular-shaped glands located on top of the kidneys. The adrenal glands are responsible for producing several essential hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
CAH is caused by mutations in genes that code for enzymes involved in the synthesis of these hormones. The most common form of CAH is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which affects approximately 90% to 95% of all cases. Other less common forms of CAH include 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency.
The severity of the disorder can vary widely, depending on the degree of enzyme deficiency. In severe cases, the lack of cortisol production can lead to life-threatening salt wasting and electrolyte imbalances in newborns. The excess androgens produced due to the enzyme deficiency can also cause virilization, or masculinization, of female fetuses, leading to ambiguous genitalia at birth.
In milder forms of CAH, symptoms may not appear until later in childhood or even adulthood. These may include early puberty, rapid growth followed by premature fusion of the growth plates and short stature, acne, excessive hair growth, irregular menstrual periods, and infertility.
Treatment for CAH typically involves replacing the missing hormones with medications such as hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone, and/or sex hormones. Regular monitoring of hormone levels and careful management of medication doses is essential to prevent complications such as adrenal crisis, growth suppression, and osteoporosis.
In severe cases of CAH, early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent or minimize the risk of serious health problems and improve quality of life. Genetic counseling may also be recommended for affected individuals and their families to discuss the risks of passing on the disorder to future generations.
Myelolipoma
Incidental imaging finding
Adrenal haemorrhage
List of MeSH codes (C04)
Asymptomatic
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology
Myelolipoma - Wikipedia
Adrenal Myelolipoma (Incidentaloma) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Extra-adrenal paravertebral myelolipoma mimicking a thoracic schwannoma | BMJ Case Reports
Uniportal VATS and primary posterior mediastinal myelolipoma string-of-pearl-type in an elderly woman - Chirurgia 2015 December...
Adrenal Myelolipoma Imaging: Overview, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research - Keyword Myelolipoma
Webpathology.com: A Collection of Surgical Pathology Images
Left hepatic lobe herniation through an incisional anterior abdominal wall hernia and right adrenal myelolipoma: a case report...
Volume 62 Issue 4 | Urologia Internationalis | Karger Publishers
Nitz J[au] - Search Results - PubMed
Burton BS[au] - Search Results - PubMed
Actas Urol Esp - vol.31 issue8
What Is Your Diagnosis? in: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Volume 243 Issue 5 ()
Adrenal lipomatous tumours: a 30 year clinicopathological experience at a single institution | Journal of Clinical Pathology
Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo
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Volume 3(2) 1997 (28)
Largest Lord Hanuman statue made by a septuagenarian using coconut shells - IBR
Extra-adrenal myelolipoma1
- Symptomatic Extra-Adrenal Myelolipoma in the Spleen. (nih.gov)
Adenoma3
- Myelolipoma within a non-functional adrenal cortical adenoma" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
- Histopathology confirmed that all 66 adrenal masses with imaging characteristics suggesting benign adenoma were indeed benign lesions and included 61 benign adrenal adenomas and 5 benign nonadenomatous lesions (3 myelolipomas, 1 composite myelolipoma/adenoma, and 1 ganglioliponeuroma). (medscape.com)
- This image shows pockets of myelolipoma (darker gelatinous foci) in association with an adrenal cortical adenoma (bright yellow tumor) . (webpathology.com)
Lesions2
- Myelolipoma is included as one of the differential diagnoses for incidental adrenal lesions. (bmj.com)
- Adrenal cyst and myelolipoma are other benign adrenal lesions and are characterized by their fluid and fat content, respectively. (ctisus.com)
Bone marrow4
- Myelolipoma simply represents a site of normal blood formation outside the bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
- Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign and non-functional neoplasm, composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissue which closely resembles bone marrow. (asmepress.com)
- Myelolipoma- These lipomas contain fat and tissues that produce blood cells and resemble bone marrow. (medfin.in)
- MYELOLIPOMA is a bone marrow choristoma in or near the adrenal glands (review and case Arch. (symptoma.com)
Revealed an adrenal1
- Histopathology revealed an adrenal myelolipoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Adrenocortical2
- In this paper, we report the imaging findings of an adrenal lesion with pseudocyst and myelolipoma mimicking an adrenocortical carcinoma in a 42-year-old female patient. (jurolsurgery.org)
- In this paper, we report imaging findings of an adrenal tumor containing a pseudocyst and a myelolipoma which was confused with adrenocortical carcinoma. (jurolsurgery.org)
Benign neoplasm2
- Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and a variable amount of hematopoietic elements. (medscape.com)
- Adrenal myelolipoma is inevitably a benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland. (asmepress.com)
Thoracic1
- Myelolipoma of the thoracic spine. (nih.gov)
Incidentaloma1
- An adrenal myelolipoma is consiidered a type of adrenal incidentaloma , which is a clinically unsuspected adrenal mass discovered on imaging studies conducted for reasons other than study of the adrenal glands. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis2
- The authors noted that imaging studies may result in a false diagnosis of a benign adrenal myelolipoma and, as a result, undertreatment. (medscape.com)
- In addition, a focus compatible with myelolipoma was observed in a limited area, and the diagnosis was interpreted as an adrenal hemorrhagic pseudocyst and concomitant myelolipoma. (jurolsurgery.org)
Macroscopic2
- A macroscopic photograph of an adrenal myelolipoma. (wikipedia.org)
- Contrast-enhanced CT in a 64-year-old man confirms the presence of chunky calcification and a large amount of macroscopic fat in the left adrenal mass, which is diagnostic of a myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
Ramchandani1
- Ramchandani, P. Adrenal Myelolipoma Imaging at eMedicine McNicol AM (Winter 2008). (wikipedia.org)
Lesion1
- To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an adrenal lesion containing myelolipoma and hemorrhagic pseudocyst mimicking an adrenal carcinoma in the literature. (jurolsurgery.org)
Imaging1
- Two patients had imaging findings that were compatible with adrenal myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
Giant1
- Giant adrenal myelolipoma: when trauma and oncology collide. (rug.nl)
Diagnostic1
- The presence of mature adipose tissue intermixed with hematopoietic elements, including megakaryocytes on cytology or histology, is diagnostic of myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
Tumor1
- Adrenal myelolipoma is a benign tumor of the adrenal gland. (radiologyinplainenglish.com)
Images2
- Adrenal myelolipoma is shown in the images below. (medscape.com)
- Adrenal myelolipoma images are provided below. (medscape.com)
Mass2
- Unenhanced CT in an asymptomatic man reveals a 6-cm right adrenal mass with density measurements that range from -14 to -27 Hounsfield units, consistent with myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
- Obesity, the right adrenal myelolipoma mass effect, and the previous abdominal surgery are likely to have contributed to incisional hernia formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Type1
- Erkan Y, Cengiz Sen A, Huban D, Okay O, Nedim P, Gurcan V. Uniportal VATS and primary posterior mediastinal myelolipoma string-of-pearl-type in an elderly woman. (minervamedica.it)
Left1
- Coronal fat-saturated gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted gradient-echo image shows that the left adrenal myelolipoma is avascular, as reflected by its lack of enhancement. (medscape.com)
Component1
- In some fatty tumours (myelolipoma and angiomyolipoma), the fatty component may be inconspicuous. (bmj.com)
Left adrenal myelolipoma1
- Coronal fat-saturated gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted gradient-echo image shows that the left adrenal myelolipoma is avascular, as reflected by its lack of enhancement. (medscape.com)
Adrenal gland4
- 6. [Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland]. (nih.gov)
- 7. [Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland presenting as upper abdominal symptoms: a case report]. (nih.gov)
- 11. Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland diagnosis and management. (nih.gov)
- 19. Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland presenting with dyspepsia and epigastric pain. (nih.gov)
Foci2
- I recently had an MRCP, it said:my CBD is at 13mm, probable right adrenal myelolipoma, Foci within the pancreas likely represent IPMNs. (mayoclinic.org)
- Adrenocortical neoplasms come in a wide range of morphologies, from those containing myelolipoma foci to black adenomas containing lipofuscin or neuromelanin to corticomedullary mixed tumors displaying a combination of adrenocortical and adrenomedullary differentiation. (cancerworld.info)
Benign4
- Adrenal myelolipoma is a benign adrenocortical tumour composed of adipose tissue and bone marrow elements. (medscape.com)
- Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and a variable amount of hematopoietic elements. (medscape.com)
- Histopathology confirmed that all 66 adrenal masses with imaging characteristics suggesting benign adenoma were indeed benign lesions and included 61 benign adrenal adenomas and 5 benign nonadenomatous lesions (3 myelolipomas, 1 composite myelolipoma/adenoma, and 1 ganglioliponeuroma). (medscape.com)
- The authors noted that imaging studies may result in a false diagnosis of a benign adrenal myelolipoma and, as a result, undertreatment. (medscape.com)
Bilateral3
Tumour4
- We aimed to describe clinical course of myelolipoma and to identify predictors of tumour growth and need for surgery. (medscape.com)
- Tumour growth ≥1 cm is associated with larger myelolipoma and haemorrhagic changes. (medscape.com)
- Histopathological haemorrhagic changes are described in up to 19% of cases, whereas spontaneous tumour rupture is reported in 4.5% of myelolipomas, more commonly in large myelolipomas measuring 10-12 cm. [ 12 ] Coexisting adrenocortical tumours and congenital adrenal hyperplasia are described in 5.7% and 10% of myelolipoma cases, respectively. (medscape.com)
- [ 14 , 15 ] Therefore, we aimed to provide a perspective on the natural history, management and outcomes of consecutive patients with myelolipoma, and to identify predictors of tumour growth and surgical resection. (medscape.com)
Lipomas1
- The LPS TMA included 48 well-differentiated/dedifferentiated (WD/DD) LPS, 13 myxoid/round cell LPS, 3 pleomorphic LPS, 8 lipomas, 1 myelolipoma, and 3 normal adipocytic tissue samples. (oncotarget.com)
Adipose tissue1
- The presence of mature adipose tissue intermixed with hematopoietic elements, including megakaryocytes on cytology or histology, is diagnostic of myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
Computed Tomography1
- Adrenal Myelolipoma Presenting with Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage Demonstrated on Computed Tomography. (annals.edu.sg)
Clinical2
- Moreover, clinical guidelines on management of adrenal tumours lack evidence-based recommendations on evaluation and management of myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
- Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of adrenal tumors and myelolipoma in CAH, and investigate clinical features of this population. (nih.gov)
Case2
- Despite high prevalence of adrenal myelolipoma, most data on longitudinal follow-up of these tumours are limited to surgical case series, with inadvertent bias of describing symptomatic and surgically treated cases. (medscape.com)
- 13. Adrenal myelolipoma: case report with a review of the literature. (nih.gov)
Cases1
- 1. Adrenal myelolipoma--report of two cases. (nih.gov)
Normal1
- Myelolipoma simply represents a site of normal blood formation outside the bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
- Consecutive patients with myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
Experience1
- 17. Adrenal myelolipoma: a 10-year single-center experience and literature review. (nih.gov)
Range1
- Unenhanced CT in an asymptomatic man reveals a 6-cm right adrenal mass with density measurements that range from -14 to -27 Hounsfield units, consistent with myelolipoma. (medscape.com)