Myxoma
Myxoma virus
Heart Neoplasms
Myxomatosis, Infectious
Fibroma Virus, Rabbit
Pigmentation Disorders
Carney Complex
Leporipoxvirus
Neurothekeoma
Echocardiographic diagnosis of large fungal verruca attached to mitral valve. (1/376)
In a patient with endocarditis due to Candida tropicalis echocardiograms from mitral valve vegetations were found to mimic the typical pattern of a left atrial myxoma. A mass was shown occupying the mitral orifice posterior to the anterior mitral leaflet; densities also appeared in the left atrium. Though these echocardiographic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a left atrial myxoma, there were other distinctive differential diagnostic features. Other diagnostic possibilities must, therefore, be considered in the interpretation of echocardiograms which suggest left atrial tumour. (+info)Symptomatic mitral myxomatous transformation in the elderly. (2/376)
The clinical and pathological features of four patients with intractable heart failure, due to myxomatous change in the mitral valve, are described. It is suggested that this change may represent a response of ageing connective tissue to mechanical stress. (+info)Hunter's syndrome and associated sleep apnoea cured by CPAP and surgery. (3/376)
A 42-yr-old male with Hunter's syndrome presented with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and daytime respiratory failure. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was initially ineffective and produced acute respiratory distress. Extensive Hunter's disease infiltration of the upper airway with a myxoma was confirmed. Following surgery to remove the myxoma at the level of the vocal cords, CPAP therapy was highly effective and well tolerated. This report demonstrates the necessity of evaluating fully the upper airway in patients with unusual variants of OSAS, particularly where the disease is not adequately controlled by CPAP. (+info)Detection of microsatellite instability in sporadic cardiac myxomas. (4/376)
OBJECTIVE: Microsatellite instability (MIN) is an early event in DNA repair-deficient associated diseases and reflects an elevated mutation rate in the genome of neoplastic cells. Sporadic cardiac myxomas are the most common primary heart tumours and their aetiopathology remains obscure. This study investigates the incidence of MIN in sporadic cardiac myxomas as a possible genetic mechanism of tumour pathogenesis. METHODS: Eleven surgically excised sporadic cardiac myxomas were assessed for MI using twenty-two highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, located on a wide range of chromosomal arms. DNA was extracted from myxoma tissue specimens as well as the respective normal tissue and subjected to polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The microsatellite analysis revealed that seven myxoma specimens (64%) exhibited MIN in at least one marker. One tumour specimen exhibited evidence of MIN in four microsatellite markers, while the most frequently affected marker was D17S855 (27%), located on chromosome 17q. DISCUSSION: We have detected a considerable incidence of MIN in sporadic cardiac myxomas indicating that decreased fidelity in DNA replication and repair is common in these tumours. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report describing MIN in sporadic cardiac myxomas, as a possible pathogenetic mechanism of these rare neoplasms. (+info)Benign small bowel tumor. (5/376)
The clinical record and histologic sections of 84 cases of benign small bowel tumor are reviewed. Manifestations of systemic diseases, congenital anomalies, and lesions of either the ileocecal valve or periampullary region were excluded. In the same time span there were 96 small bowel malignancies. Clinical presentation, pathologic findings, management and result are compared to the collected published experience of about 2000 cases. There were 36 leiomyomas, 22 lipomas, 9 angiomas, 6 neurofibromas and 4 fibromas. Thirty-six men and 48 women were affected; the majority in their fifth and sixth decade. Seventy-eight were operative and 6 autopsy diagnoses. The most common symptom was obstruction (42%) followed by hemorrhage (34%) and pain (22%), relative frequency differing for the various specific tumors. There were rarely significant physical findings. A diagnosis of small bowel tumor was made radiologically in 30 patients. Because of the nonspecificity of other signs and symptoms, an acute awareness of the possibility of small bowel tumor is mandatory for preoperative anticipation of the diagnosis. Local resection was performed in all with no deaths or significant postoperative complications. (+info)Surgical treatment of right atrial myxoma. (6/376)
A 51-year-old man with a large right atrial myxoma underwent emergency surgical resection in our institute. The diagnosis of such tumors can be difficult, and their resection presents difficulties for the placement of the venous cannulae. We used a single cannula in the superior vena cava until fibrillation, and then we inserted a cannula into the inferior vena cava. We present this technique as a method of avoiding embolization. (+info)Clinical characteristics of a familial inherited myxomatous valvular dystrophy mapped to Xq28. (7/376)
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe the phenotypic characteristics of an inherited myxomatous valvular dystrophy mapped to Xq28. BACKGROUND: Myxomatous valve dystrophies are a frequent cause of valvular diseases, the most common being idiopathic mitral valve prolapse. They form a group of heterogeneous diseases difficult to subclassify. The first mapping of the gene for a myxoid valvular dystrophy to Xq28 allowed investigation of the phenotype of affected members in a large family and characterization of the disease. METHODS: Among the 318 members in the pedigree, 89 agreed to participate in this study. Phenotypic characteristics were investigated using clinical examination, transthoracic echocardiography and biological analysis (F.VIII activity). Genetic status was based on haplotype analysis. RESULTS: Among 46 males, 9 were hemizygous to the mutant allele and had an obvious mitral and/or aortic myxomatous valve defect, and 4 had undergone valvular surgery. All had typical mitral valve prolapse associated in six cases with moderate to severe aortic regurgitation. The valve defect cosegregated with mild hemophilia A (F.VIII activity = 0.32 +/- 0.05). The 37 remaining males had normal valves and normal F.VIII activity. Heterozygous women were identified on the basis of their haplotypes. Among the 17 women heterozygous to the mutant allele, moderate mitral regurgitation was present in 8, associated with mild mitral valve prolapse in 1 and aortic regurgitation in 3, whereas 2 women had isolated mild aortic regurgitant murmur. In heterozygotes, the penetrance value was 0.60 but increased with age. CONCLUSION: X-linked myxomatous valvular disease is characterized by mitral valve dystrophy frequently associated with degeneration of the aortic valves affecting males and, to a lower severity, females. The first localization of a gene for myxomatous valvular diseases is the first step for the subclassification of these diseases. (+info)Mitral valve thrombus attached to the intact mitral valve associated with distal embolism. (8/376)
A 61-year-old man was referred for cardiac investigation because embolism was suspected to be the cause of the sudden onset of severe pain in his right leg after a surgical procedure. The electrocardiogram revealed no atrial fibrillation. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a tumor-like echo at the anterior mitral leaflet, and transesophageal echocardiography documented a mass 13x9mm in size, attached by a stalk to the left atrial side of the anterior mitral leaflet. The other parts of the mitral valve appeared to be intact. At emergency surgery, the mass was located in the center of the left atrial side of the anterior mitral leaflet. It mimicked a myxoma and had a stalk arising from the anterior leaflet. After resection of the mitral valve mass, catheter thrombo-embolectomy was performed and several long pieces of fresh thrombus were removed. On histological examination, the mass consisted of fresh thrombus tissue. No cellular component or myxoma tissue was documented. The distal embolus also consisted of fresh thrombus tissue. This is the first case of a thrombus of the intact mitral valve without atrial fibrillation. (+info)A myxoma is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the heart, specifically in the heart's chambers or valves. It is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults and typically affects the left atrium. Myxomas are composed of gelatinous, mucoid material and may have a stalk-like attachment to the endocardium (the inner lining of the heart).
Myxomas can vary in size and may cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, coughing, and fever. These symptoms are due to obstruction of blood flow within the heart or embolization (detachment and travel) of tumor fragments to other parts of the body. Surgical removal is usually required to treat myxomas, as they can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a member of the Poxviridae family, specifically in the Leporipoxvirus genus. It is a double-stranded DNA virus that naturally infects European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and causes a fatal disease called myxomatosis. The virus is transmitted through insect vectors such as mosquitoes and fleas, and it replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells.
Myxoma virus has been studied extensively as a model organism for viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. It has also been explored as a potential oncolytic virus for cancer therapy due to its ability to selectively infect and kill certain types of cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. However, it is important to note that the use of Myxoma virus in humans is still experimental and requires further research and development before it can be considered safe and effective for therapeutic purposes.
Heart neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the heart tissue. They can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors, such as myxomas and rhabdomyomas, are typically slower growing and less likely to spread, but they can still cause serious complications if they obstruct blood flow or damage heart valves. Malignant tumors, such as angiosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas, are fast-growing and have a higher risk of spreading to other parts of the body. Symptoms of heart neoplasms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
Myxomatosis, Infectious: A viral disease that primarily affects rabbits and hares. It is caused by the Myxoma virus, which belongs to the Poxviridae family. The disease is transmitted through direct contact with infected rabbits or through insect vectors such as mosquitoes and fleas.
The initial symptoms of myxomatosis include swelling of the eyelids, ears, and genital region. As the disease progresses, the rabbit may develop a high fever, difficulty breathing, and a bloody discharge from the nose and eyes. In severe cases, the rabbit may become blind, lose appetite, and become lethargic.
Myxomatosis is highly contagious and often fatal in wild rabbits, with mortality rates reaching up to 99%. However, domestic rabbits that have been vaccinated against the disease are generally resistant to infection. There is no specific treatment for myxomatosis, and efforts to control the spread of the disease typically focus on preventing transmission through insect vectors and limiting contact between infected and uninfected rabbits.
The heart atria are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins and deliver it to the lower chambers, or ventricles. There are two atria in the heart: the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle, which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated; and the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle, which then sends it out to the rest of the body. The atria contract before the ventricles during each heartbeat, helping to fill the ventricles with blood and prepare them for contraction.
Poxviridae infections refer to diseases caused by the Poxviridae family of viruses, which are large, complex viruses with a double-stranded DNA genome. This family includes several pathogens that can infect humans, such as Variola virus (which causes smallpox), Vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine and can rarely cause infection), Monkeypox virus, and Cowpox virus.
These viruses typically cause skin lesions or pocks, hence the name "Poxviridae." The severity of the disease can vary depending on the specific virus and the immune status of the host. Smallpox, once a major global health threat, was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980 thanks to a successful vaccination campaign. However, other Poxviridae infections continue to pose public health concerns, particularly in regions with lower vaccination rates and where animal reservoirs exist.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but there seems to be a misunderstanding. Fibromas are benign tumors that develop in connective tissues, and they can affect various animals, including rabbits. However, there is no such thing as a "Fibroma Virus" in rabbits or any other animal. Fibromas can be caused by various factors, such as papillomavirus infection, but they are not themselves viruses. If you have any further questions or need clarification on a different topic, please don't hesitate to ask!
Odontogenic tumors are a group of neoplasms that originate from the dental tissues or their remnants, including the odontogenic epithelium, ectomesenchyme, and/or their derivatives. These tumors can be benign or malignant and may affect the jaw bones and surrounding structures. They can cause various symptoms, such as swelling, pain, loosening of teeth, and altered bite. The classification of odontogenic tumors includes a wide range of entities with different biological behaviors, clinical features, and treatment approaches. Accurate diagnosis is essential for proper management and prognosis.
Pigmentation disorders are conditions that affect the production or distribution of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. These disorders can cause changes in the color of the skin, resulting in areas that are darker (hyperpigmentation) or lighter (hypopigmentation) than normal. Examples of pigmentation disorders include melasma, age spots, albinism, and vitiligo. The causes, symptoms, and treatments for these conditions can vary widely, so it is important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Carney Complex is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of various types of tumors and pigmented spots on the skin. It is caused by mutations in the PRKAR1A gene, which regulates the activity of enzymes involved in cell growth and division. The condition is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder if one parent has it.
The tumors associated with Carney Complex can develop in various parts of the body, including the heart, endocrine glands, and skin. Some common types of tumors include:
* Myxomas: benign tumors that typically develop in the heart, but can also occur in other parts of the body
* Pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PNAD): benign tumors that develop in the adrenal glands and produce excess hormones
* Thyroid tumors: benign or malignant tumors that develop in the thyroid gland
* Breast tumors: benign or malignant tumors that develop in the breast
* Skin tumors: including pigmented spots, skin tags, and growths
People with Carney Complex may also experience other symptoms such as Cushing's syndrome (a hormonal disorder caused by excess cortisol), acromegaly (a hormonal disorder caused by excess growth hormone), and various endocrine disorders.
Treatment for Carney Complex typically involves surgical removal of tumors when necessary, as well as monitoring for the development of new tumors and other symptoms. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to manage the condition and prevent complications.
Leporipoxvirus is a genus of viruses in the Poxviridae family, which includes double-stranded DNA viruses. This genus primarily consists of pathogens that infect rabbits and hares. Two well-known examples of Leporipoxviruses are myxoma virus and rabbit (hare) fibroma virus.
1. Myxoma Virus: It is the causative agent of myxomatosis, a often fatal disease in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The virus is transmitted through insect vectors, primarily mosquitoes and fleas. Infected rabbits develop skin lesions, swelling around the eyes and genitals, and eventually die due to internal organ failure.
2. Rabbit (Hare) Fibroma Virus: This Leporipoxvirus causes benign tumors called fibromas in rabbits and hares. The tumors typically develop on the skin or mucous membranes but can also occur internally. While these growths are not fatal, they can cause significant stress and discomfort for affected animals.
It is important to note that Leporipoxviruses do not pose a direct threat to humans as they primarily infect rabbits and hares. However, researchers study these viruses due to their potential applications in cancer therapy and vaccine development.
Neurothekeoma is a rare, benign cutaneous neoplasm (tumor) that originates from the nerve sheath. It typically presents as a solitary, slow-growing, well-circumscribed nodule or mass in the skin. Neurothekeomas are more commonly found in young adults and children, with a slight female predominance.
Histologically (under the microscope), neurothekeomas are characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells arranged in lobules or nests, separated by fibrous septa. The tumor cells may contain eosinophilic (pink) cytoplasm and may show nuclear atypia, but mitotic figures are usually absent or rare. Immunohistochemical staining may reveal positivity for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, and/or smooth muscle actin.
Neurothekeomas have been classified into two types: classic neurothekeoma and cellular neurothekeoma. Classic neurothekeomas are more common and typically show a biphasic pattern with both epithelioid and spindle cells, while cellular neurothekeomas are less common and composed predominantly of epithelioid cells.
The treatment of choice for neurothekeoma is surgical excision with clear margins. Recurrence is uncommon but may occur if the tumor is not completely removed. Malignant transformation is extremely rare, but possible.
Muscle neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the muscle tissue. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign muscle neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant muscle neoplasms, also known as soft tissue sarcomas, can grow quickly, invade nearby tissues, and metastasize (spread) to distant parts of the body.
Soft tissue sarcomas can arise from any of the muscles in the body, including the skeletal muscles (voluntary muscles that attach to bones and help with movement), smooth muscles (involuntary muscles found in the walls of blood vessels, digestive tract, and other organs), or cardiac muscle (the specialized muscle found in the heart).
There are many different types of soft tissue sarcomas, each with its own set of characteristics and prognosis. Treatment for muscle neoplasms typically involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor.