HYPOVENTILATION syndrome in very obese persons with excessive ADIPOSE TISSUE around the ABDOMEN and DIAPHRAGM. It is characterized by diminished to absent ventilatory chemoresponsiveness; chronic HYPOXIA; HYPERCAPNIA; POLYCYTHEMIA; and long periods of sleep during day and night (HYPERSOMNOLENCE). It is a condition often related to OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA but can occur separately.
A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.
A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration.
The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Simultaneous and continuous monitoring of several parameters during sleep to study normal and abnormal sleep. The study includes monitoring of brain waves, to assess sleep stages, and other physiological variables such as breathing, eye movements, and blood oxygen levels which exhibit a disrupted pattern with sleep disturbances.
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.
A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.
A technique of respiratory therapy, in either spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated patients, in which airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure throughout the respiratory cycle by pressurization of the ventilatory circuit. (On-Line Medical Dictionary [Internet]. Newcastle upon Tyne(UK): The University Dept. of Medical Oncology: The CancerWEB Project; c1997-2003 [cited 2003 Apr 17]. Available from: http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/)
Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate.
Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)

Pickwickian syndrome, 20 years later. (1/42)

The Pickwickian Syndrome stimulated new pathophysiological concepts in regard to control of ventilation. With the advent of sleep laboratories, the peculiar sleep apnea occurring in some of these patients has been explained on the basis of intermittent upper airway obstruction. Two patients with different manifestations of the Pickwickian Syndrome are presented. The suggestion is made that these two subsyndromes should have unique designations. The Auchincloss Syndrome is manifested by right heart failure and respiratory acidosis in obese patients who are alert and have no major abnormality of breathing pattern. The fundamental cause of this abnormality is the increased work of breathing caused by the obesity. The cost of breathing is so high that the ventilatory regulation is compromised and respiratory acidosis results. The Gastaut Syndrome is characterized principally by hypersomnia and sleep apnea. The fundamental defect is upper airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in increased work of breathing, which together with the increased work caused by obesity leads to respiratory acidosis and right ventricular failure. Hypersomnia, rather than heart failure or respiratory acidosis, is the major manifestation of this syndrome, and is the result of sleep loss.  (+info)

Obesity and the pulmonologist. (2/42)

Obese children have more respiratory symptoms than their normal weight peers and respiratory related pathology increases with increasing weight. Some will need specialist assessment (box 1). Obesity produces mechanical effects on respiratory system performance. Breathlessness, wheeze, and cough are not related to increased airway responsiveness and may respond more to weight loss than bronchodilator therapy. A significant number of obese children have signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea largely related to the effect of obesity on upper airway dimensions. It seems likely that unless action is taken soon, increasing numbers of children will experience preventable respiratory morbidity as a result of nutritional obesity.  (+info)

The effect of obesity on chronic respiratory diseases: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. (3/42)

Sedentary lifestyles and increased pollution brought about by industrialization pose major challenges to the prevention of both obesity and chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Obesity has emerged as an important risk factor for these respiratory diseases, and in many instances weight loss is associated with important symptomatic improvement. Moreover, obesity may influence the development and presentation of these diseases. In this article, we review the current understanding of the influence of obesity on chronic respiratory diseases and the clinical management of obesity concurrent with asthma, COPD, obstructive sleep apnea or obesity hypoventilation syndrome.  (+info)

Clinical characteristics of obesity-hypoventilation syndrome in Japan: a multi-center study. (4/42)

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) in a large number of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). METHODS: Subjects comprised 611 patients with OSAS registered from 7 sleep centers and clinics and analyzed according to the definitions of the Respiratory Failure Research Group of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. Baseline characteristics, polysomnographic data during sleep, laboratory blood examinations, excessive daytime sleepiness, pulmonary functions, and arterial blood gases were compared between OHS and non-OHS patients. Determinants of daytime hypercapnia were also examined in OHS patients. RESULTS: OHS was identified in 55 of the 611 patients with OSAS (9%). OHS patients were younger, heavier, and more somnolent than non-OHS patients and displayed more severe OSAS, liver dysfunctions, higher total cholesterol, and impaired pulmonary function. However, these differences were resolved except for pulmonary function after correction for obesity. Daytime hypercapnia was associated with impaired pulmonary function. Percent vital capacity (%VC) was most closely correlated with PaCO2 in OHS. CONCLUSION: OHS patients display numerous abnormalities due to obesity compared with non-OHS patients. Impaired pulmonary function, particularly %VC, may play an important role in the development of daytime hypercapnia independent of obesity in OHS patients.  (+info)

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation improves lung volumes in the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. (5/42)

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to study the long-term effects of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) on lung function and gas exchange in patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). DESIGN: Prospective observational study in OHS patients performing NPPV over a period of 24 months. RESULTS: We studied 35 clinically stable OHS patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) 45.9+/-8.8 kg/m(2) and daytime PaCO(2) at room air of 6.92+/-0.48 kPa at baseline. Nocturnal NPPV was initiated with pressure-cycled devices on IPAP 24+/-3 cm H(2)O, EPAP 6+/-2 cm H(2)O and respiratory frequency of 18.8+/-3.7/min. After 12 and 24 months of NPPV hypercapnia was persistently normalized and hypoxemia was markedly improved while no changes in calculated alveolar-arterial oxygen difference occurred. Augmented ventilation was followed by a significant reduction in hemoglobin and hematocrit (P<0.001 each). Daily duration of ventilator use significantly correlated with the decrease in PaCO(2) after 12 months (r = 0.37; P<0.05) and 24 months (r = 0.47; P<0.05). Vital capacity (VC) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) significantly increased after 12 and 24 months NPPV compared to the baseline values, though BMI was only slightly reduced. The 2-year survival rate was 91% with three patients (9%) discontinuing NPPV during the study period. CONCLUSION: Long-term domiciliary NPPV normalizes hypercapnia and markedly improves hypoxemia as well as polycythemia in OHS patients. In addition, NPPV leads to a significant reduction in restrictive ventilatory disturbance, predominantly by increasing ERV. Application of high inspiratory pressures and good adherence to therapy are presumed to be the basis for the beneficial effects of NPPV in OHS.  (+info)

Long-term non-invasive ventilation increases chemosensitivity and leptin in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. (6/42)

BACKGROUND: Long-term nocturnal non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) is an effective treatment for obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), improving central carbon dioxide (CO(2)) sensitivity. Leptin might contribute to sustain adequate ventilation in obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of leptin in the OHS pathogenesis looking at its relationship to CO(2) sensitivity before and after NIMV in OHS patients. METHODS: In six obese patients (3F/3M; aged 63+/-9 yr; BMI 47.0+/-4.5 kg/m(2)) with OHS and without obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (OSAH) diurnal arterial blood gases, fasting plasma leptin concentration and CO(2) chemosensitivity were determined before and after 10.3+/-5.6 (range 6-20) months of NIMV. RESULTS: After NIMV improvements were observed in gas exchange (PaO(2) from 51.3+/-6.7 to 75.0+/-10.3 mmHg, p<0.01; PaCO(2) from 55.5+/-4.8 to 43.7+/-1.2 mmHg, p<0.01; [HCO(3)(-)] from 33.3+/-3.8 to 29.8+/-1.7 mmol/l, p<0.05) and CO(2) chemosensitivity, measured as P(0.1)/PetCO(2) slope (from 0.09+/-0.07 to 0.18+/-0.07 cmH(2)O/mmHg, p<0.05) and V(E)/PetCO(2) slope (from 0.4+/-0.3 to 0.9+/-0.5l/min/mmHg, p=0.07). Plasma leptin increased from 34.5+/-21.1 ng/ml to 50.2+/-22.9 ng/ml (p<0.01) after NIMV and changes of the P(0.1)/PetCO(2) slope correlated with percent changes of plasma leptin (r(2)=0.79, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a possible role of leptin in the recovery of neuromuscular response to hypercapnia obtained during long-term nocturnal NIMV in OHS patients without OSAH.  (+info)

Effect of sleep on patient/ventilator asynchrony in patients undergoing chronic non-invasive mechanical ventilation. (7/42)

BACKGROUND: Patients who require home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) during sleep normally have the ventilation settings adjusted empirically during daytime wakefulness. However, patient-ventilator asynchrony may occur during sleep. To detect the incidence of ineffective efforts (IE) during the sleep compared to wakefulness, we studied 48 patients already enrolled in a long-term home NIV programme. METHODS: We evaluated arterial blood gases, breathing pattern during spontaneous breathing (SB) and ventilation during wakefulness. In addition, we assessed the breathing pattern and oxygen gas exchange during night-time NIV. RESULTS: Daytime NIV significantly improved blood gases compared to SB (PaO2 NIV 10.2 +/- 1.95 kPa vs PaO2 SB 8 +/- 1.37, p < 0.001; PaCO2 NIV 5.75 +/- 1.08 kPa, vs PaCO2 SB 6.5 +/- 1.25, p < 0.001). The IE index was higher during sleep compared to wakefulness (48 +/- 39.5 events/h versus 0 +/- 0). The IE index was correlated with the time spent with SaO2 < 90% (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), but not with ventilator parameters, underlying disease, ventilation mode or type of mask. Eight patients had an IE index >100 events/h; these patients had a faster respiratory rate, required a higher level of inspiratory assistance and had poor gas exchange during sleep. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that IE to breath are common during nocturnal NIV and that they may be associated with desaturations even in patients who are considered compliant and effectively treated.  (+info)

Assessment and management of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. (8/42)

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Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) is a medical condition characterized by the presence of obesity (generally defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher) and chronic hypoventilation, which means that the person is not breathing adequately, resulting in low levels of oxygen and high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

In OHS, the excess weight of the chest walls makes it difficult for the respiratory muscles to work effectively, leading to reduced lung volumes and impaired gas exchange. This results in chronic hypoxemia (low oxygen levels) and hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide levels) during wakefulness and sleep.

OHS is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, which can further exacerbate hypoventilation. However, not all patients with OHS have OSA, and vice versa.

The diagnosis of OHS is typically made based on the presence of obesity, chronic hypoventilation (as evidenced by elevated arterial carbon dioxide levels), and the absence of other causes of hypoventilation. Treatment usually involves the use of non-invasive ventilation to support breathing and improve gas exchange, as well as weight loss interventions to address the underlying obesity.

Hypoventilation is a medical condition that refers to the decreased rate and depth of breathing, which leads to an inadequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. As a result, there is an increase in the levels of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and a decrease in the levels of oxygen (hypoxemia) in the blood. Hypoventilation can occur due to various reasons such as respiratory muscle weakness, sedative or narcotic overdose, chest wall deformities, neuromuscular disorders, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and sleep-disordered breathing. Prolonged hypoventilation can lead to serious complications such as respiratory failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and even death.

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a type of sleep-disordered breathing characterized by repeated cessations in breathing during sleep due to the brain's failure to transmit signals to the respiratory muscles that control breathing. Unlike obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which results from airway obstruction, CSA occurs when the brain fails to send the necessary signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to initiate or maintain respiratory efforts during sleep.

Central sleep apneas are usually associated with decreased oxygen saturation levels and can lead to frequent arousals from sleep, causing excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and impaired cognitive function. CSA is often related to underlying medical conditions such as heart failure, stroke, or brainstem injury, and it may also be caused by the use of certain medications, including opioids.

There are several types of central sleep apnea, including:

1. Primary Central Sleep Apnea: This type occurs without any underlying medical condition or medication use.
2. Cheyne-Stokes Breathing: A pattern of central sleep apnea commonly seen in individuals with heart failure or stroke. It is characterized by a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of breathing, with periods of hyperventilation followed by hypoventilation and apnea.
3. High-Altitude Periodic Breathing: This type occurs at high altitudes due to the reduced oxygen levels and is usually reversible upon returning to lower altitudes.
4. Complex or Mixed Sleep Apnea: A combination of both central and obstructive sleep apneas, often observed in patients with OSA who are treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. In some cases, the central component may resolve over time with continued CPAP use.

Diagnosis of CSA typically involves a sleep study (polysomnography), which monitors various physiological parameters during sleep, such as brain waves, eye movements, muscle activity, heart rate, and breathing patterns. Treatment options for central sleep apnea depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, adjustments in medication dosages, or the use of devices that assist with breathing, such as adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) or bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) therapy.

Respiratory mechanics refers to the biomechanical properties and processes that involve the movement of air through the respiratory system during breathing. It encompasses the mechanical behavior of the lungs, chest wall, and the muscles of respiration, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Respiratory mechanics includes several key components:

1. **Compliance**: The ability of the lungs and chest wall to expand and recoil during breathing. High compliance means that the structures can easily expand and recoil, while low compliance indicates greater resistance to expansion and recoil.
2. **Resistance**: The opposition to airflow within the respiratory system, primarily due to the friction between the air and the airway walls. Airway resistance is influenced by factors such as airway diameter, length, and the viscosity of the air.
3. **Lung volumes and capacities**: These are the amounts of air present in the lungs during different phases of the breathing cycle. They include tidal volume (the amount of air inspired or expired during normal breathing), inspiratory reserve volume (additional air that can be inspired beyond the tidal volume), expiratory reserve volume (additional air that can be exhaled beyond the tidal volume), and residual volume (the air remaining in the lungs after a forced maximum exhalation).
4. **Work of breathing**: The energy required to overcome the resistance and elastic forces during breathing. This work is primarily performed by the respiratory muscles, which contract to generate negative intrathoracic pressure and expand the chest wall, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
5. **Pressure-volume relationships**: These describe how changes in lung volume are associated with changes in pressure within the respiratory system. Important pressure components include alveolar pressure (the pressure inside the alveoli), pleural pressure (the pressure between the lungs and the chest wall), and transpulmonary pressure (the difference between alveolar and pleural pressures).

Understanding respiratory mechanics is crucial for diagnosing and managing various respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and restrictive lung diseases.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that occurs when the upper airway becomes partially or completely blocked during sleep, leading to pauses in breathing or shallow breaths. These episodes, known as apneas or hypopneas, can last for 10 seconds or longer and may occur multiple times throughout the night, disrupting normal sleep patterns and causing oxygen levels in the blood to drop.

The obstruction in OSA is typically caused by the relaxation of the muscles in the back of the throat during sleep, which allows the soft tissues to collapse and block the airway. This can result in snoring, choking, gasping for air, or awakening from sleep with a start.

Contributing factors to OSA may include obesity, large neck circumference, enlarged tonsils or adenoids, alcohol consumption, smoking, and use of sedatives or muscle relaxants. Untreated OSA can lead to serious health consequences such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cognitive impairment. Treatment options for OSA include lifestyle changes, oral appliances, positive airway pressure therapy, and surgery.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere. It is a normal byproduct of cellular respiration in humans, animals, and plants, and is also produced through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

In medical terms, carbon dioxide is often used as a respiratory stimulant and to maintain the pH balance of blood. It is also used during certain medical procedures, such as laparoscopic surgery, to insufflate (inflate) the abdominal cavity and create a working space for the surgeon.

Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the body can lead to respiratory acidosis, a condition characterized by an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and a decrease in pH. This can occur in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or other lung diseases that impair breathing and gas exchange. Symptoms of respiratory acidosis may include shortness of breath, confusion, headache, and in severe cases, coma or death.

Polysomnography (PSG) is a comprehensive sleep study that monitors various body functions during sleep, including brain activity, eye movement, muscle tone, heart rate, respirations, and oxygen levels. It is typically conducted in a sleep laboratory under the supervision of a trained technologist. The data collected during PSG is used to diagnose and manage various sleep disorders such as sleep-related breathing disorders (e.g., sleep apnea), movement disorders (e.g., periodic limb movement disorder), parasomnias, and narcolepsy.

The study usually involves the attachment of electrodes to different parts of the body, such as the scalp, face, chest, and legs, to record electrical signals from the brain, eye movements, muscle activity, and heartbeats. Additionally, sensors may be placed on or near the nose and mouth to measure airflow, and a belt may be worn around the chest and abdomen to monitor breathing efforts. Oxygen levels are also monitored through a sensor attached to the finger or ear.

Polysomnography is often recommended when a sleep disorder is suspected based on symptoms or medical history, and other diagnostic tests have been inconclusive. The results of the study can help guide treatment decisions and improve overall sleep health.

Sleep apnea syndromes refer to a group of disorders characterized by abnormal breathing patterns during sleep. These patterns can result in repeated pauses in breathing (apneas) or shallow breaths (hypopneas), causing interruptions in sleep and decreased oxygen supply to the body. There are three main types of sleep apnea syndromes:

1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): This is the most common form, caused by the collapse or obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, often due to relaxation of the muscles in the throat and tongue.

2. Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): This type is less common and results from the brain's failure to send proper signals to the breathing muscles. It can be associated with conditions such as heart failure, stroke, or certain medications.

3. Complex/Mixed Sleep Apnea: In some cases, a person may experience both obstructive and central sleep apnea symptoms, known as complex or mixed sleep apnea.

Symptoms of sleep apnea syndromes can include loud snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, morning headaches, difficulty concentrating, and mood changes. Diagnosis typically involves a sleep study (polysomnography) to monitor breathing patterns, heart rate, brain activity, and other physiological factors during sleep. Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications, oral appliances, positive airway pressure therapy, or even surgery in severe cases.

Sleep is a complex physiological process characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, reduced voluntary muscle activity, and decreased interaction with the environment. It's typically associated with specific stages that can be identified through electroencephalography (EEG) patterns. These stages include rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, associated with dreaming, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which is further divided into three stages.

Sleep serves a variety of functions, including restoration and strengthening of the immune system, support for growth and development in children and adolescents, consolidation of memory, learning, and emotional regulation. The lack of sufficient sleep or poor quality sleep can lead to significant health problems, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even cognitive decline.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) defines sleep as "a period of daily recurring natural rest during which consciousness is suspended and metabolic processes are reduced." However, it's important to note that the exact mechanisms and purposes of sleep are still being researched and debated among scientists.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is a mode of non-invasive ventilation that delivers pressurized room air or oxygen to maintain airway patency and increase functional residual capacity in patients with respiratory disorders. A CPAP device, which typically includes a flow generator, tubing, and a mask, provides a constant positive pressure throughout the entire respiratory cycle, preventing the collapse of the upper airway during inspiration and expiration.

CPAP is commonly used to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition characterized by repetitive narrowing or closure of the upper airway during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia, hypercapnia, and sleep fragmentation. By delivering positive pressure, CPAP helps to stent open the airway, ensuring unobstructed breathing and reducing the frequency and severity of apneic events.

Additionally, CPAP can be used in other clinical scenarios, such as managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, or postoperative respiratory insufficiency, to improve oxygenation and reduce the work of breathing. The specific pressure settings and device configurations are tailored to each patient's needs based on their underlying condition, severity of symptoms, and response to therapy.

Snoring is defined as the vibration of respiratory structures and the resulting sound, due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping. It occurs when the tissues at the back of the throat relax and narrow during sleep, partially blocking the airway. The airflow causes these tissues to vibrate, leading to the snoring sound. Snoring can be a sign of various conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea or other respiratory disorders. It can also be influenced by factors such as alcohol consumption, obesity, and sleeping position.

Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the ability to sleep well on a regular basis. They can include problems with falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, or substance abuse.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recognizes over 80 distinct sleep disorders, which are categorized into the following major groups:

1. Insomnia - difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
2. Sleep-related breathing disorders - abnormal breathing during sleep such as obstructive sleep apnea.
3. Central disorders of hypersomnolence - excessive daytime sleepiness, including narcolepsy.
4. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders - disruption of the internal body clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
5. Parasomnias - abnormal behaviors during sleep such as sleepwalking or night terrors.
6. Sleep-related movement disorders - repetitive movements during sleep such as restless legs syndrome.
7. Isolated symptoms and normal variants - brief and occasional symptoms that do not warrant a specific diagnosis.

Sleep disorders can have significant impacts on an individual's quality of life, productivity, and overall health. If you suspect that you may have a sleep disorder, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or a sleep specialist for proper evaluation and treatment.

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On the other hand, obesity-hypoventilation syndrome is very commonly associated with right heart failure due to pulmonary ... Balachandran JS, Masa JF, Mokhlesi B (September 2014). "Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Epidemiology and Diagnosis". Sleep ... Mural calcification in central pulmonary arteries is most frequently seen in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome. Although ... Eisenmenger syndrome and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary venous hypertension typically presents with ...
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome Modes of mechanical ventilation Periodic breathing Obesity hypoventilation syndrome ... Weight loss effective enough to relieve obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) must be 25-30% of body weight. For some obese ... "Evaluation and Management of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice ... The term "Pickwickian syndrome" that is sometimes used for the syndrome was coined by the famous early 20th-century physician ...
Obesity is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as the combination of obesity ... Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Obesity paradox Flegal, K. M.; Graubard, B. I.; Williamson, D. F.; Gail, M. H. (2005). "Excess ... Obesity increases one's risk of chronic kidney disease by three to four times. In males, obesity and metabolic syndrome both ... Olson, Amy L.; Zwillich, Clifford (2005-09-01). "The obesity hypoventilation syndrome". The American Journal of Medicine. 118 ( ...
"Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation; a Pickwickian syndrome". Obesity Research. 2 (4): 390-7. doi:10.1002/ ... November - The classic definition of obesity hypoventilation syndrome is published. Asian flu pandemic originates in China. Use ... "Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation - a Pickwickian syndrome". The American Journal of Medicine. 21 (5): ...
Hypocapnia, which stimulates hypoventilation Obesity; see Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Chronic mountain sickness, a ... Disorders like congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) and ROHHAD (rapid-onset obesity, hypothalamic dysfunction, ... hypoventilation, with autonomic dysregulation) are recognized as conditions that are associated with hypoventilation. CCHS may ... Hypoventilation can be considered a precursor to hypoxia and its lethality is attributed to hypoxia with carbon dioxide ...
But people who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or obesity hypoventilation syndrome may also need to use ... or congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). Historically, IVUN's efforts have been primarily addressed to ventilator ... Many ventilator users have neuromuscular conditions, such as respiratory polio or post-polio syndrome, amyotrophic lateral ...
Medicine portal Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Periodic breathing Respiratory ... and put the individual at risk for OSA syndrome. Down syndrome is one such syndrome. In this chromosomal abnormality, several ... It also interacts with obesity as obese children have higher risk to show depressive symptoms and obesity can cause OSA. The ... The terms obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) may be used to refer to ...
... which ultimately led to the subsequent description of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Job Trotter - Mr Jingle's wily servant ... Pickwickian syndrome The George and Vulture The Spaniards Inn The Moosepath League books of Van Reid are a tribute to the ... Joe's sleep problem is the origin of the medical term Pickwickian syndrome, ...
It has been linked to many disorders such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, atelectasis and pulmonary embolism, adverse ... There are several risk factors associated with postoperative complications, such as immune deficiency and obesity. Obesity has ... 1][permanent dead link] Doyle SL, Lysaght J, Reynolds JV (December 2010). "Obesity and post-operative complications in patients ... undergoing non-bariatric surgery". Obesity Reviews. 11 (12): 875-886. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00700.x. PMID 20025695. ...
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome Late-onset central hypoventilation with ... pickwickian syndrome (E66.2), sleep apnoea of newborn (P28.3) G47.30 Alveolar hypoventilation syndrome G47.31 Central sleep ... alveolar hypoventilation G47.35 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome G47.36 Sleep related hypoventilation in ... alveolar hypoventilation 327.25 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome 327.26 Sleep related hypoventilation/ ...
Central hypoventilation syndrome Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Hypoventilation Hypothalamus Rare disease Ibáñez-Micó, S.; ... "Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD syndrome): A case ... Rapid obesity is the first symptom to arise between the ages of 1.5 and 11. This is typically followed by hypoventilation, ... Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare condition ...
... portal Catathrenia Deviated septum Narcolepsy Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome ... The group published research in 2011 analyzing the percentage of patients with sleep apnea that have obesity. By 2012 the ... "Data from J. Hedner et al Provide New Insights into Cardiovascular Research". Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week. NewsRX LLC: 3. ... Right Vision News 2014 Daily The Pak Banker 2014 ESRS Newsletter 2013 Grote 2014 Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week 2011, p. 3. ...
... may refer to: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Occipital horn syndrome Occupational safety and health Occupational Health ...
... apnea Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome Late-onset central hypoventilation ... Pediatric Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome Sleep Enuresis Restless Legs Syndrome Sleep-related Rhythmic ... central alveolar hypoventilation Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medication or substance Sleep-related hypoventilation ... Finally, a section on treatment-emerging CSA has been added to the CSA syndromes section. It also discusses common isolated ...
... hantavirus pulmonary syndrome MeSH C08.618.846.565 - hypoventilation MeSH C08.618.846.565.500 - obesity hypoventilation ... obesity hypoventilation syndrome MeSH C08.618.326.396 - dyspnea, paroxysmal MeSH C08.618.501.271 - alkalosis, respiratory MeSH ... middle lobe syndrome MeSH C08.381.423.694 - persistent fetal circulation syndrome MeSH C08.381.472.090 - aspergillosis, ... sleep apnea syndromes MeSH C08.618.085.852.800 - sleep apnea, central MeSH C08.618.085.852.850 - sleep apnea, obstructive MeSH ...
... and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. AHRF may also develop in any form of respiratory failure where the breathing muscles ... A failure of this reflex can be fatal, for example as a contributory factor in sudden infant death syndrome. Hypercapnia can ... Kinney, Hannah C; Thach, Bradley T (2009). "The sudden infant death syndrome". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (8): ... Carbon dioxide may accumulate in any condition that causes hypoventilation, a reduction of alveolar ventilation (the clearance ...
... hypoventilation syndromes Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder Sleep-related hypoventilation due ...
Silva AKC, Nowzaradan Y, Varon, J,The Malignant Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (MOHS): An Unrecognized Critical Care Syndrome ... Extreme Obesity in the Intensive Care Unit: The Malignant Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, 2013, Volume 28, Issue 2, Pages: ... He is the author of several scholarly publications on obesity and laparoscopy. According to the Web of Science, he has ... Nowzaradan, the Man Behind All of the 'My 600-lb Life' Success Stories "Meet Doctor Nowzaradan". Houston Obesity Surgery. ...
... obesity MeSH C18.654.726.500.695 - obesity hypoventilation syndrome MeSH C18.654.726.500.700 - obesity, morbid MeSH C18.654. ... MELAS syndrome MeSH C18.452.100.100.540 - Menkes kinky hair syndrome MeSH C18.452.100.100.545 - MERRF syndrome MeSH C18.452. ... MELAS syndrome MeSH C18.452.648.151.450 - menkes kinky hair syndrome MeSH C18.452.648.151.505 - MERRF syndrome MeSH C18.452. ... Li-Fraumeni syndrome MeSH C18.452.284.600 - Nijmegen breakage syndrome MeSH C18.452.284.760 - Rothmund-Thomson syndrome MeSH ...
People with neuromuscular disorders or hypoventilation syndromes involving failed respiratory drive experience central ... obesity or being overweight neuromuscular disease or any condition that entails weakened respiratory muscles hypoventilation ... In sleep clinics, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is normally diagnosed based on ... as occurs in conditions such as acquired or congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (ACHS or CCHS). Daytime hypopnea can ...
... obesity hypoventilation syndrome MeSH C10.886.425.800.800 - sleep initiation and maintenance disorders MeSH C10.886.425.800. ... cri-du-chat syndrome MeSH C10.597.606.643.210 - de lange syndrome MeSH C10.597.606.643.220 - down syndrome MeSH C10.597.606.643 ... melas syndrome MeSH C10.228.140.163.100.540 - menkes kinky hair syndrome MeSH C10.228.140.163.100.545 - merrf syndrome MeSH ... guillain-barre syndrome MeSH C10.668.829.350.500 - miller fisher syndrome MeSH C10.668.829.425 - isaacs syndrome MeSH C10.668. ...
Chronic respiratory acidosis also may be secondary to obesity hypoventilation syndrome (i.e., Pickwickian syndrome), ... Alveolar hypoventilation thus leads to an increased PaCO2 (a condition called hypercapnia). The increase in PaCO2 in turn ... Hypoventilation in COPD involves multiple mechanisms, including decreased responsiveness to hypoxia and hypercapnia, increased ... Lung diseases that primarily cause abnormality in alveolar gas exchange usually do not cause hypoventilation but tend to cause ...
... including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes. It does this by improving insulin action and ... Hypoventilation training Continuous training Long slow distance vVO2max MacInnis, Martin J.; Gibala, Martin J. (7 December 2016 ... This helps individuals with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome control their glucose levels. A combination of interval ... continuous moderate exercise as a treatment for the metabolic syndrome - "A Pilot Study"". Circulation. 118 (4): 346-354. doi: ...
Budinger GR, Mutlu GM (March 2014). "β2-agonists and acute respiratory distress syndrome". American Journal of Respiratory and ... extreme obesity) A decrease in the area of the lung available for gas exchange (such as in chronic bronchitis) Neuromuscular ... Alveolar hypoventilation (decreased minute volume due to reduced respiratory muscle activity, e.g. in acute neuromuscular ... Yin J, Bai CX (May 2018). "Pharmacotherapy for Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome". Chinese Medical ...
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), often referred to by its older name "Ondine's curse," is a rare and very ... "Obesity" below) Obesity (frequent causal factor and possible, albeit low-specificity, sign both direct and indirect): Obesity ... Chen ML, Turkel SB, Jacobson JR, Keens TG (March 2006). "Alcohol use in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome". Pediatric ... "Facial phenotype in children and young adults with PHOX2B-determined congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: quantitative ...
... microcephaly hypogonadism Anophthalmia plus syndrome Anophthalmia short stature obesity Anophthalmia Waardenburg syndrome ... often called acne Acoustic neuroma Acoustic schwannomas Acquired agranulocytosis Acquired central hypoventilation syndrome ... Pande syndrome Aarskog syndrome Aase-Smith syndrome Aase syndrome Abasia ABCD syndrome Abdallat-Davis-Farrage syndrome ... syndrome Akesson syndrome Aksu-Stckhausen syndrome Al Awadi Teebi Farag syndrome Al Frayh Facharzt Haque syndrome Al Gazali Al ...
Obesity, hypotension (low blood pressure), and some hemoglobin variants can reduce the accuracy of the results. Some home pulse ... However, the use of a pulse oximeter to detect hypoventilation is impaired with the use of supplemental oxygen, as it is only ... Clinical presentation and diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome". Thorax. 59 (4): 347-352. doi:10.1136/ ... Fu ES, Downs JB, Schweiger JW, Miguel RV, Smith RA (November 2004). "Supplemental oxygen impairs detection of hypoventilation ...
... postcholecystectomy syndrome MeSH C23.550.767.812 - postgastrectomy syndromes MeSH C23.550.767.812.500 - dumping syndrome MeSH ... obesity MeSH C23.888.144.699.500.500 - obesity, morbid MeSH C23.888.144.828 - thinness MeSH C23.888.277.395 - hydrops fetalis ... hypoventilation MeSH C23.888.852.761 - mouth breathing MeSH C23.888.852.779 - respiratory sounds MeSH C23.888.852.779.850 - ... adams-stokes syndrome MeSH C23.550.073.425.100 - bundle-branch block MeSH C23.550.073.425.780 - sinoatrial block MeSH C23.550. ...
These complications are more common for patients with a history of previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, obesity, and/or ... while complications from anesthesia itself may include hypoventilation and cardiac arrest. Major complications during female ... Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 130 (3): e110-e126. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002296. ... "Frequency of symptomatic cornual hematometra and postablation tubal sterilization syndrome after total rollerball endometrial ...
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as the combination of obesity and an increased blood carbon dioxide level during ... and spirometry may show a restrictive pattern related to obesity. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is a form of sleep ... Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly or deeply ... Most people with obesity hypoventilation syndrome have concurrent obstructive sleep apnea, a condition characterized by snoring ...
Between 2009 and 2010, the prevalence of obesity in US children and adolescents was 16. ... Obesity is a growing problem in American children and one that carries serious metabolic and cardiopulmonary consequences, ... encoded search term (Pediatric Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome) and Pediatric Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome What to Read ... Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), previously referred to as the Pickwickian syndrome, [8] is characterized by obesity, ...
Overweight or obesity is an increasing menace in todays world. This condition is mostly caused because of unhealthy food that ... a condition that can happen because of obesity is Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome also known as Pickwickian Syndrome. ... Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is said to be combined of conditions such as obesity, hypoxia and hypercapnia. ... Another symptom of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is increased sleepiness which occurs because of increased levels of carbon ...
... prevalence and diagnosis of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and the benefits of PAP treatment. ... Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). OHS is frequent in obese individuals and associated with high mortality, yet is ... Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as daytime hypercapnia PaCO2,45 mm Hg and sleep-disordered breathing, occurring in ... 2 highlighting the need to consider OHS in hospitalised patients with obesity/morbid obesity ...
Babak Mokhlesi discusses management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. ... Management of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. Dr. Babak Mokhlesi,GUEST. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome can be challenging ... Talking Sleep , Management of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. Talking Sleep Season 5 , Episode 18. ... He has clinical and research expertise in the field of sleep-disordered breathing and hypoventilation syndromes. His clinical ...
Between 2009 and 2010, the prevalence of obesity in US children and adolescents was 16. ... Obesity is a growing problem in American children and one that carries serious metabolic and cardiopulmonary consequences, ... encoded search term (Pediatric Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome) and Pediatric Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome What to Read ... Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), previously referred to as the Pickwickian syndrome, [8] is characterized by obesity, ...
Ketogenic diet for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (KETOHS). Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) leads to carbon dioxide ... Obesity or a high-fat diet can aggravate airway hyper-reactivity and asthma. Furthermore, air pollution with particulate matter ... Hemodynamic Responses to Upper Airway Obstruction in Marfan Syndrome. Upper airway obstruction (UAO) during sleep may be a ... Lymphocyte CpG methylation changes and brain pathology in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Early exposure to iron deficiency ...
Obesity-related Hypoventilation Syndrome. July 3, 2010. Restless Legs Syndrome Biomarker Could Be Hiding in Periodic Limb ... May 2, 2003 , Brain, Circadian Rhythms, Mental Health, Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep Maintenance Insomnia, Socioeconomic , 0 , ... and restless legs syndrome are more common in the elderly than in younger persons; however, acute and chronic illnesses, other ...
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). *Palliative care - shortness of breath. *Primary alveolar hypoventilation ...
Nutrition and Exercise Rehabilitation in Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (NERO) :A pilot randomised controlled trial. Thorax. ... Nutrition and Exercise Rehabilitation in Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (NERO) :A pilot randomised controlled trial. In: ... Dive into the research topics of Nutrition and Exercise Rehabilitation in Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (NERO) :A pilot ... Nutrition and Exercise Rehabilitation in Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (NERO) :A pilot randomised controlled trial. / Mandal ...
Balistreri comments on the data surrounding the consequences of obesity in young people and the most effective interventions. ... Pediatric Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome * 2001/viewarticle/children-primary-care-vision-testing-rates-low-2023a1000j75 ... Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that predicts adult obesity, liver and cardiometabolic disease, and early ... The Significant Consequences of Adolescent Obesity. The prevalence and severity of obesity in adolescents continues to increase ...
Pediatric Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome * 2001/viewarticle/children-primary-care-vision-testing-rates-low-2023a1000j75 ... "Furthermore, abdominal obesity has increased by 30% over the past 10 years, and obesity and excess weight have especially seen ... "Boys and girls with obesity are at greater risk of developing obesity [in adulthood]. Therefore, without proper intervention in ... ObesityWeek® 2022: Whats Stopping Effective Treatment of Obesity? * Experts Urge COVID-19 Inquiry to Include Effects on ...
Pediatric Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome * 2001/viewarticle/children-primary-care-vision-testing-rates-low-2023a1000j75 ... ObesityWeek® 2022: Whats Stopping Effective Treatment of Obesity? * Older Adults With Type II Diabetes Find Weight Loss, ... Dr Baur told Medscape Medical News: "Our study is the first in this age group to show [that stunting and obesity are coexisting ... It is not yet known why stunted children are at greater risk of overweight and obesity, but stunting is "a very complex process ...
... syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) were evaluated pretherapy and posttherapy (tracheostomy in seven patients and ... Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome / complications* * Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome / physiopathology * Obesity ... Hypercapnia in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A reevaluation of the "Pickwickian syndrome" Chest. 1986 May;89(5):627-35. ... The subset of patients with the second mechanism appears to represent the true "Pickwickian" syndrome and can be identified ...
Erratum to the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a prospective ... Erratum to the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a prospective ... The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a prospective observational study. ... Erratum to the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a prospective ...
Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. These ... Shetty, S.; Parthasarathy, S. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Curr. Pulmonol. Rep. 2015, 4, 42-55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef ... Sarma, S.; Sockalingam, S.; Dash, S. Obesity as a multisystem disease: Trends in obesity rates and obesity-related ... Figure 1. The worldwide prevalence of obesity in 2025: (a) females and (b) males. Obesity refers to BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Age- ...
Nonobstructive alveolar hypoventilation. * Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (pickwickian syndrome). * Periodic limb movement ... Potential relationship between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and the metabolic syndrome. OSAHS has been ... Long-term use of CPAP therapy for sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Apr. 159(4 Pt 1):1108-14. [ ... CPAP for the metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 15. 365(24):2277-86. [QxMD ...
Hypoventilation makes it harder to breathe in deeply, leading to excess carbon dioxide in the blood. ... Obesity, which can lead to obesity-induced hypoventilation syndrome. *. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). ... Hypoventilation can be a side effect of certain medications and drugs, such as opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol, as well ... Respiratory depression, or hypoventilation, refers to excess amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood caused by slow, shallow ...
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome * Obstructive Sleep Apnea * Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea * Parasomnias * Periodic Limb ... Missak, Christopher; Jenie George; Gurubhagavatula, Indira: Mind Blown: Exploding Head Syndrome as a Side Effect of Marijuana ...
Dr. Abigail Maller is a pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine physician at UCLA. She is board certified in internal medicine, pulmonary disease, and critical care medicine.
A Case of Right Ventricular Dysfunction with Right Ventricular Failure Secondary to Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Vikhyath ... The association of Restless Legs Syndrome with hypertension and cardiovascular disease Vasiliki Katsi, Themistoklis Katsimichas ...
Martin, T. J. (2022, May 20). Noninvasive positive airway pressure therapy for the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. In M. S. ... www.uptodate.com/contents/noninvasive-positive-airway-pressure-therapy-for-the-obesity-hypoventilation-syndrome ... BiPAP is often the initial treatment for CSA and other breathing conditions that are associated with hypoventilation. Examples ... Becker, K. (2020, August 25). Central sleep apnea syndromes. Medscape., Retrieved August 22, 2022, from ...
ODonnell Pappas Syndrome ODonnell-Luria-Rodan Syndrome Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Occipital Cortical Malformations ... urofacial syndrome + A syndrome that is characterized by inverted facial expressions in association with a severe and early- ... Cerebellar Vermis Aplasia with Associated Features suggesting Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome and Meckel Syndrome ... Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Renal Disease Respiratory Disease Sensory Organ Disease ...
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome *Cardiovascular Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea *Neurocognitive and Functional ... Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder *Sleep in Infants and Children *Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children ...
Other causes of central hypoventilation. Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome may occur in morbidly obese children, and is similar ... Late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome. A form of late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome has been described in at ... Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a congenital form of severe ... congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome) or secondary (Table 2).. ...
What People with Sleep Apnea Need to Know About Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. At least 1 in 12 people with sleep apnea may ... also have obesity hypoventilation syndrome - and they may not know it. Heres why that matters. ...
With respiratory insufficiency patients diagnosed with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. *†Windisch, Wolfram. "Average Volume- ... 815 With respiratory insufficiency patients diagnosed with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. *³2016 Internal assessment of ... "Average Volume-Assured Pressure Support in Obesity Hypoventilation." CHEST 130 (2006): ... overlap syndrome." European Respiratory Journal 42.Suppl 57 (2013): P2583. With respiratory insufficiency patients diagnosed ...
This can be a hallmark symptom of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Excess weight can lead to an imbalance of carbon dioxide ... There are rare syndromes that can cause excess weight or obesity and/or diabetes in ways that do not fit the usual patterns for ... About Obesity and Excess Weight Obesity is a complex metabolic disease that occurs as a result of many factors that can include ... Obesity Hypoventilation. Some individuals who are obese may struggle with difficulty breathing. ...
Obesity is a known risk factor for osteoarthritis of the knee and hips. An increase in body weight increases the load on the ... Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is a condition in which the drive to breathe is depressed in very obese persons and those with ... Osteoarthritis and the Impact of Obesity. Obesity is strongly associated with osteoarthritis, and in particular a dose ... and obesity, with many obese individuals citing stress as a factor in their lack of ability to maintain a healthy weight over ...
  • 11 Burwell CS, Robin ED, Whaley RD. et al Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation - a Pickwickian syndrome. (thieme-connect.de)
  • One of the respiratory problems resulting from obesity is Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (Pinckwickian Syndrome), causing air trapping and chronic alveolar hypoventilation. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is not fully understood why some obese people develop obesity hypoventilation syndrome while others do not. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not all obese children develop obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). (medscape.com)
  • PRAGUE - Children who are stunted are more likely to be at risk of overweight and obesity than children of normal height, according to a new study among 2- to 5-year-olds in Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous nation. (medscape.com)
  • During the 19th Conference for Pediatric Updates 2023 held by the Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap), speakers mentioned that excess weight, including overweight and obesity, is the most common chronic noncommunicable disease among children and teens. (medscape.com)
  • However, preliminary data from 2023 for the pediatric demographic show overweight and obesity levels worsening again among the Spanish population and worldwide, according to data from the World Health Organization [WHO] for 2019," said Castell. (medscape.com)
  • It has been further observed that developing countries show rising trends, with higher overweight and obesity rates. (medscape.com)
  • The results indicatethat overweight and obesity in children may alter posture, balance and overall praxis. (bvsalud.org)
  • This guideline covers the diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with OSAHS (COPD-OSAHS overlap syndrome) in people over 16. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most likely, complex interactions between obesity-related mechanical factors affecting lung function, altered respiratory drive, and sleep-disordered breathing contribute to the pathophysiology of OHS. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Respiratory management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) focusses on the control of sleep-disordered breathing rather than the treatment of obesity. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Although some respiratory disorders, such as sleep apnea, occur only during sleep, virtually all respiratory disorders-including upper airway obstruction, central hypoventilation, and chronic lung disease-are worse during sleep than wakefulness. (atsjournals.org)
  • Noninvasive ventilation, in addition, offers benefit in other forms of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, including those caused by asthma, cystic fibrosis, and obesity hypoventilation. (rcjournal.com)
  • Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is increasingly being used to treat chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure arising from different aetiologies, such as restrictive thoracic disorders, neuromuscular disorders (NMD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1 - 3 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Method Prospective data were collected from patients with obesity-related sleep-disordered breathing admitted for respiratory assessment at a UK national sleep and ventilation centre. (bmj.com)
  • Is There a Relationship Between Obesity and Respiratory Illnesses in Adults? (medscape.com)
  • Study participants were 34 students (27 girls and seven boys) enrolled in a school of Uberaba / state of Minas Gerais, with a diagnosis of overweight or obesity according to the infant Body Mass Index (BMI). (bvsalud.org)
  • The disease was known initially in the 1950s, as "Pickwickian syndrome" in reference to a Dickensian character. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apart from an increased risk of heart diseases and many other ailments like diabetes and erectile dysfunction, a condition that can happen because of obesity is Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome also known as Pickwickian Syndrome. (tarryhealth.com)
  • The mechanisms of hypercapnia in eight patients with the "Pickwickian" syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) were evaluated pretherapy and posttherapy (tracheostomy in seven patients and chronic nocturnal use of nasal CPAP in one). (nih.gov)
  • The subset of patients with the second mechanism appears to represent the true "Pickwickian" syndrome and can be identified before therapy by measuring a low level of ventilation in the sustained awake state. (nih.gov)
  • Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. (mdpi.com)
  • Therefore, without proper intervention in this demographic, in coming years we will see increasingly more and earlier complications from obesity, which previously only appeared in adults, especially hypertension, peripheral insulin resistance (before developing type 2 diabetes), and cholesterol disorders," said Castell. (medscape.com)
  • In special cases, such as severe obesity, cases involving metabolic complications (hypertension, cholesterol and triglyceride disorders, or diabetes), and cases where medications or even bariatric surgery may be indicated, they will make referrals to pediatric nutrition units," she added. (medscape.com)
  • Michigan Medicine is committed to a better understanding of obesity including its causes, complications, and treatments. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Analysis of withdrawal from noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. (archbronconeumol.org)
  • Attempts are under way to improve awareness of sleep disorders and their impact on the health of children with obesity. (medscape.com)
  • Due to space limitations, disorders limited to infancy, such as apnea of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events, and sudden infant death syndrome, will not be discussed. (atsjournals.org)
  • Snoring, sleep apnoea (SA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)-described jointly as sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)-are common disorders that affect a significant proportion of the population. (bmj.com)
  • Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is said to be combined of conditions such as obesity, hypoxia and hypercapnia. (tarryhealth.com)
  • Obesity and disturbed ventilatory responses to hypoxia may also play a role [ 3 , 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Hypercapnia in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly or deeply enough, resulting in low oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as the combination of obesity and an increased blood carbon dioxide level during the day that is not attributable to another cause of excessively slow or shallow breathing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another symptom of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is increased sleepiness which occurs because of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and because of less sleep during the night. (tarryhealth.com)
  • Initially when testing for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, the first thing that's checked is the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the carbon dioxide levels in the body. (tarryhealth.com)
  • The syndrome is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which causes periods of absent or reduced breathing in sleep, resulting in many partial awakenings during the night and sleepiness during the day. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most people with obesity hypoventilation syndrome have concurrent obstructive sleep apnea, a condition characterized by snoring, brief episodes of apnea (cessation of breathing) during the night, interrupted sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a condition in which obese people may not get enough oxygen during the day or the night, resulting in excessive sleepiness during the day among other problems. (fixyoursleeptoday.com)
  • Upper airway obstruction (UAO) during sleep may be a source of cardiovascular stress in persons with Marfan syndrome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Obesity may increase the risk of other health issues and diseases including heart disease, diabetes, stroke, lung disease, arthritis, liver disease and a number of other conditions. (uofmhealth.org)
  • This interdisciplinary grouping of consultants is involved in the management of rare vasculitis and allergic lung conditions such as Churg Straus Syndrome, Wegener's Granulomatosis, Hypereosinophilic syndrome, Anaphylaxis and Immunodeficiency. (tcd.ie)
  • The risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is 3-7 times greater than in regular women, also due to insulin resistance 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • 45 mm Hg and sleep-disordered breathing, occurring in an obese (BMI≥30 kg.m²) individual without other causes of hypoventilation, such as COPD or neuromuscular disease. (resmed.co.uk)
  • Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that predicts adult obesity, liver and cardiometabolic disease, and early mortality. (medscape.com)
  • One of the primary symptoms of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is obstructive sleep apnea which means that there are frequent instances during the sleep when the breathing stops which interrupts the sleep. (tarryhealth.com)
  • This was taken by us as a clarion call for early intervention in adolescents with severe obesity. (medscape.com)
  • Nocturnal oxygen desaturation occurs in almost half of all individuals with COPD [ 10 - 12 ] and is attributed to a combination of hypoventilation and gas exchange abnormalities resulting from alteration in ventilatory control and thoracic wall configuration, especially during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep [ 13 - 15 ], as discussed in greater detail below. (ersjournals.com)
  • Another popular treatment for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure). (tarryhealth.com)
  • This project will be the first to uncover UAO as a new mechanism for increased cardiovascular morbidity in Marfan syndrome and will also demonstrate the effect of CPAP treatment as a potential intervention for adverse cardiovascular events in Marfan syndrome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Most of the time this treatment has been beneficial for patients in reducing the effects of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, but it does not assure success every time. (tarryhealth.com)
  • His clinical research program has explored the impact of positive airway pressure therapy on pulmonary hypertension in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. (aasm.org)
  • As clinicians, we are concerned about the health of our young patients with obesity and frustrated by the lack of reliable therapeutic interventions. (medscape.com)
  • The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a prospective observational study. (amegroups.org)
  • The caffeine in coffee and varieties of tea can also aid in reducing the extra body fat and lowering the BMI in patients with obesity. (emedihealth.com)
  • 3-5 Over 50% of patients with a BMI greater than 40 kg/m 2 have obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and up to one-third of morbidly obese patients exhibit obesity hypoventilation syndrome. (bmj.com)
  • Given the vast number of persons with obesity and the persistent challenges, misconceptions, and frustrations experienced by both patients and HCPs, an understanding of best practices for confronting obesity is crucial. (medscape.com)
  • Fast Five Quiz: Confronting Obesity - Medscape - Jan 31, 2022. (medscape.com)
  • This is the new, really important frontier for dealing with nutrition and obesity. (medscape.com)
  • Obesity Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, relapsing disorder characterized by excess body weight and defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Obesity is a multifactorial disease that occurs through a combination of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, and is currently found in epidemic levels at higher rates than malnutrition 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The prevalence and severity of obesity in adolescents continues to increase worldwide . (medscape.com)
  • A Medscape poll found that more than two thirds of healthcare providers (HCPs) consider obesity to be a disease state . (medscape.com)
  • The presence of sleep-disordered breathing is an additional risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity in obese individuals and has been independently linked to metabolic syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • He has clinical and research expertise in the field of sleep-disordered breathing and hypoventilation syndromes. (aasm.org)
  • In Spain, pediatric primary care is the initial point of contact with the healthcare system for early detection and treatment of childhood excess weight and obesity. (medscape.com)
  • Most cases of childhood excess weight and obesity will be managed and followed up by primary care pediatricians. (medscape.com)
  • Liver damage that accompanies childhood obesity is the result of the combination between the insulin resistance and oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • Obesity is a complex metabolic disease that occurs as a result of many factors that can include genetic make-up, health circumstances, and environmental forces. (uofmhealth.org)
  • In recent years, those data have reversed, with 9% obesity and 3% malnutrition 3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The primary treatment for people with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is weight loss therapy which includes exercise, diet and medicine use. (tarryhealth.com)
  • MADRID - Specialists who have been exploring the causes of excess weight and obesity among children and teens say the rates are "alarming. (medscape.com)
  • Before the pandemic, data from the 2019 Aladino Spanish study showed that obesity and excess weight were stabilizing when compared with data collected in 2015. (medscape.com)
  • Other clinics help screen for and assess complicated health conditions that are related to excess weight or obesity. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Obese children featured several risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and that metabolic syndrome is a reality for many of them, occurring in 17.3% of the obese children in their study. (bvsalud.org)
  • The objective direct and indirect costs of sleep-disordered breathing (snoring, sleep apnoea (SA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)) and the treatment are incompletely described. (nih.gov)
  • Medical treatment for obesity can be combined with some home remedies that can give you a helping hand in your weight loss journey. (emedihealth.com)
  • Efficacy of Different Treatment Alternatives for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
  • Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome causes healthcare costs to rise incredibly because of regular visits to the hospital for treatments and hospital stays. (tarryhealth.com)
  • Hence, people with obesity need to expend more energy to breathe effectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • There have been studies regarding the use of drugs such as medroxyprogesterone and acetazolamide in people with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, but these have not been widely researched and thereby not recommended for use. (tarryhealth.com)
  • They enrolled 33 people with obesity and T2D (18 in the diet group and 15 in the surgery group), although 7 participants in the diet group and 4 in the surgery group were not included in the final analysis because they did not achieve the target weight loss. (medscape.com)
  • At least 1 in 12 people with sleep apnea may also have obesity hypoventilation syndrome - and they may not know it. (templehealth.org)
  • But now we are starting to see this in younger people, some with lesser versions of it, called Upper Air Resistance Syndrome (UARS) . (drweitz.com)
  • LSOS is the Local Obesity Specialist Service for people living in Blackpool, Wyre and Fylde. (bfwh.nhs.uk)
  • and 7 times more common among people with obesity (ie, body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome could also occur together with conditions like type 2 diabetes and asthma. (tarryhealth.com)
  • Obesity does not occur overnight, neither can it go away so easily. (emedihealth.com)
  • Some of his descriptions have withstood the litmus test of time and are still used in today's medicine: Amongst these are the characters Frederick, Little Dorrit's uncle, who suffers from Parkinson's disease, Fat Joe after whom the Pickwick-syndrome was named, Tiny Tim who is beaten with Pott's disease, Ebenezer Scrooge, a victim of posttraumatic embitterment disorder, and Mr. Krook who dies from spontaneous human combustion. (thieme-connect.de)
  • 4 Spranger J. Disease, syndrome, sequence. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Obesity is a growing problem in American children and one that carries serious metabolic and cardiopulmonary consequences, including an increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing. (medscape.com)
  • They are warning against the consequences of obesity and are discussing the main challenges it poses to primary care pediatricians. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, including lemon in your diet can help improve your overall nutrient intake while supporting obesity management. (emedihealth.com)