Oenothera biennis
Plants
Evolution of flowering strategies in Oenothera glazioviana: an integral projection model approach. (1/18)
The timing of reproduction is a key determinant of fitness. Here, we develop parameterized integral projection models of size-related flowering for the monocarpic perennial Oenothera glazioviana and use these to predict the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for flowering. For the most part there is excellent agreement between the model predictions and the results of quantitative field studies. However, the model predicts a much steeper relationship between plant size and the probability of flowering than observed in the field, indicating selection for a 'threshold size' flowering function. Elasticity and sensitivity analysis of population growth rate lambda and net reproductive rate R(0) are used to identify the critical traits that determine fitness and control the ESS for flowering. Using the fitted model we calculate the fitness landscape for invading genotypes and show that this is characterized by a ridge of approximately equal fitness. The implications of these results for the maintenance of genetic variation are discussed. (+info)Structure and evolution of linalool synthase. (2/18)
Plant terpene synthases constitute a group of evolutionarily related enzymes. Within this group, however, enzymes that employ two different catalytic mechanisms, and their associated unique domains, are known. We investigated the structure of the gene encoding linalool synthase (LIS), an enzyme that uses geranyl pyrophosphate as a substrate and catalyzes the formation of linalool, an acyclic monoterpene found in the floral scents of many plants. Although LIS employs one catalytic mechanism (exemplified by limonene synthase [LMS]), it has sequence motifs indicative of both LMS-type synthases and the terpene synthases employing a different mechanism (exemplified by copalyl diphosphate synthase [CPS]). Here, we report that LIS genes analyzed from several species encode proteins that have overall 40%-96% identity to each other and have 11 introns in identical positions. Only the region encoding roughly the last half of the LIS gene (exons 9-12) has a gene structure similar to that of the LMS-type genes. On the other hand, in the first part of the LIS gene (exons 1-8), LIS gene structure is essentially identical to that found in the first half of the gene encoding CPS. In addition, the level of similarity in the coding information of this region between the LIS and CPS genes is also significant, whereas the second half of the LIS protein is most similar to LMS-type synthases. Thus, LIS appears to be a composite gene which might have evolved from a recombination event between two different types of terpene synthases. The combined evolutionary mechanisms of duplication followed by divergence and/or "domain swapping" may explain the extraordinarily large diversity of proteins found in the plant terpene synthase family. (+info)Plastid, nuclear and reverse transcriptase sequences in the mitochondrial genome of Oenothera: is genetic information transferred between organelles via RNA? (3/18)
We describe an open reading frame (ORF) with high homology to reverse transcriptase in the mitochondrial genome of Oenothera. This ORF displays all the characteristics of an active plant mitochondrial gene with a possible ribosome binding site and 39% T in the third codon position. It is located between a sequence fragment from the plastid genome and one of nuclear origin downstream from the gene encoding subunit 5 of the NADH dehydrogenase. The nuclear derived sequence consists of 528 nucleotides from the small ribosomal RNA and contains an expansion segment unique to nuclear rRNAs. The plastid sequence contains part of the ribosomal protein S4 and the complete tRNA(Ser). The observation that only transcribed sequences have been found i more than one subcellular compartment in higher plants suggests that interorganellar transfer of genetic information may occur via RNA and subsequent local reverse transcription and genomic integration. (+info)The cytochrome oxidase subunit I and subunit III genes in Oenothera mitochondria are transcribed from identical promoter sequences. (4/18)
Two loci encoding subunit III of the cytochrome oxidase (COX) in Oenothera mitochondria have been identified from a cDNA library of mitochondrial transcripts. A 657-bp sequence block upstream from the open reading frame is also present in the two copies of the COX subunit I gene and is presumably involved in homologous sequence rearrangement. The proximal points of sequence rearrangements are located 3 bp upstream from the COX I and 1139 bp upstream from the COX III initiation codons. The 5'-termini of both COX I and COX III mRNAs have been mapped in this common sequence confining the promoter region for the Oenothera mitochondrial COX I and COX III genes to the homologous sequence block. (+info)Construction, database integration, and application of an Oenothera EST library. (5/18)
Coevolution of cellular genetic compartments is a fundamental aspect in eukaryotic genome evolution that becomes apparent in serious developmental disturbances after interspecific organelle exchanges. The genus Oenothera represents a unique, at present the only available, resource to study the role of the compartmentalized plant genome in diversification of populations and speciation processes. An integrated approach involving cDNA cloning, EST sequencing, and bioinformatic data mining was chosen using Oenothera elata with the genetic constitution nuclear genome AA with plastome type I. The Gene Ontology system grouped 1621 unique gene products into 17 different functional categories. Application of arrays generated from a selected fraction of ESTs revealed significantly differing expression profiles among closely related Oenothera species possessing the potential to generate fertile and incompatible plastid/nuclear hybrids (hybrid bleaching). Furthermore, the EST library provides a valuable source of PCR-based polymorphic molecular markers that are instrumental for genotyping and molecular mapping approaches. (+info)An exceptional horizontal gene transfer in plastids: gene replacement by a distant bacterial paralog and evidence that haptophyte and cryptophyte plastids are sisters. (6/18)
BACKGROUND: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to the plant mitochondrial genome has recently been shown to occur at a surprisingly high rate; however, little evidence has been found for HGT to the plastid genome, despite extensive sequencing. In this study, we analyzed all genes from sequenced plastid genomes to unearth any neglected cases of HGT and to obtain a measure of the overall extent of HGT to the plastid. RESULTS: Although several genes gave strongly supported conflicting trees under certain conditions, we are confident of HGT in only a single case beyond the rubisco HGT already reported. Most of the conflicts involved near neighbors connected by long branches (e.g. red algae and their secondary hosts), where phylogenetic methods are prone to mislead. However, three genes--clpP, ycf2, and rpl36--provided strong support for taxa moving far from their organismal position. Further taxon sampling of clpP and ycf2 resulted in rejection of HGT due to long-branch attraction and a serious error in the published plastid genome sequence of Oenothera elata, respectively. A single new case, a bacterial rpl36 gene transferred into the ancestor of the cryptophyte and haptophyte plastids, appears to be a true HGT event. Interestingly, this rpl36 gene is a distantly related paralog of the rpl36 type found in other plastids and most eubacteria. Moreover, the transferred gene has physically replaced the native rpl36 gene, yet flanking genes and intergenic regions show no sign of HGT. This suggests that gene replacement somehow occurred by recombination at the very ends of rpl36, without the level and length of similarity normally expected to support recombination. CONCLUSION: The rpl36 HGT discovered in this study is of considerable interest in terms of both molecular mechanism and phylogeny. The plastid acquisition of a bacterial rpl36 gene via HGT provides the first strong evidence for a sister-group relationship between haptophyte and cryptophyte plastids to the exclusion of heterokont and alveolate plastids. Moreover, the bacterial gene has replaced the native plastid rpl36 gene by an uncertain mechanism that appears inconsistent with existing models for the recombinational basis of gene conversion. (+info)Triterpenes and flavonol glucuronides from Oenothera cheiranthifolia. (7/18)
A new ursane-type triterpene, named as cheiranthic acid (1), was isolated from the MeOH extract of whole plants of Oenothera cheiranthifolia (Onagraceae) along with an isomeric pair of known oleanane- and ursane-type triterpenes (arjunolic acid and asiatic acid) and three flavonol glucuronide analogues (quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, its n-butyl ester, and myricetin 3-O-glucuronide). Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. (+info)Faithful transcription initiation from a mitochondrial promoter in transgenic plastids. (8/18)
The transcriptional machineries of plastids and mitochondria in higher plants exhibit striking similarities. All mitochondrial genes and part of the plastid genes are transcribed by related phage-type RNA polymerases. Furthermore, the majority of mitochondrial promoters and a subset of plastid promoters show a similar structural organization. We show here that the plant mitochondrial atpA promoter is recognized by plastid RNA polymerases in vitro and in vivo. The Arabidopsis phage-type RNA polymerase RpoTp, an enzyme localized exclusively to plastids, was found to recognize the mitochondrial atpA promoter in in vitro assays suggesting the possibility that mitochondrial promoters might function as well in plastids. We have, therefore, generated transplastomic tobacco plants harboring in their chloroplast genome the atpA promoter fused to the coding region of the bacterial nptII gene. The chimeric nptII gene was found to be efficiently transcribed in chloroplasts. Mapping of the 5' ends of the nptII transcripts revealed accurate recognition of the atpA promoter by the chloroplast transcription machinery. We show further that the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the mitochondrial atpA transcript is capable of mediating translation in chloroplasts. The functional and evolutionary implications of these findings as well as possible applications in chloroplast genome engineering are discussed. (+info)"Oenothera" is a botanical term for a genus of plants commonly known as evening primroses. It's not typically used in a medical context, but the plants do have some medicinal uses. For instance, certain species of Oenothera are used in herbal medicine for their soothing properties, particularly for skin irritations and digestive issues. However, it's important to note that the use of these plants in a medical context should be under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can also have side effects and interact with other medications.
'Oenothera biennis' is not a medical term, but a scientific name for an plant species also known as Evening Primrose. It is a wildflower native to North America and its seeds are used in the production of evening primrose oil, which is sometimes used as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) supplement for various conditions such as eczema, rheumatoid arthritis, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The oil contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid that is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of evening primrose oil for these uses is not conclusively established and more research is needed. As with any supplement, it should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
A genome is the complete set of genetic material present within an organism. In eukaryotic cells, which include plants, animals, and other complex life forms, the genome is divided into several compartments, including the nucleus (where most of the genetic material is housed) and the plastids (which include chloroplasts in plant cells).
A plastid genome, also known as a plastome, is the genetic material found within a plastid. Plastids are organelles found in the cells of plants, algae, and some protists that are involved in various metabolic processes, including photosynthesis. The plastid genome is typically a circular molecule of DNA that contains genes encoding for proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA) that are necessary for the function and maintenance of the plastid.
The plastid genome is relatively small compared to the nuclear genome, typically ranging from 120-160 kilobases in length. The gene content and organization of plastid genomes are highly conserved across different plant species, making them useful tools for studying evolutionary relationships among plants. Additionally, because plastids are maternally inherited in many plant species, the plastid genome has been used to study patterns of maternal inheritance and hybridization in plants.
I apologize for any confusion, but "plants" is not a term that has a medical definition. The term "plants" refers to a large and diverse group of organisms that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, which is the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy. Plants are typically characterized by having cells with cell walls containing cellulose, chloroplasts containing the pigment chlorophyll, and the ability to synthesize their own food through photosynthesis.
In a medical or biological context, you might be thinking of "plant-based" or "phytomedicine," which refer to the use of plants or plant extracts as a form of medicine or treatment. Phytomedicines have been used for thousands of years in many traditional systems of medicine, and some plant-derived compounds have been found to have therapeutic benefits in modern medicine as well. However, "plants" itself does not have a medical definition.
Oenothera
Oenothera rosea
Oenothera suffrutescens
Oenothera pilosella
Oenothera linifolia
Oenothera lindheimeri
Oenothera californica
Oenothera primiveris
Oenothera elata
Oenothera curtiflora
Oenothera fruticosa
Oenothera perennis
Oenothera pubescens
Oenothera caespitosa
Oenothera longissima
Oenothera coronopifolia
Oenothera speciosa
Oenothera berlandieri
Oenothera organensis
Oenothera parviflora
Oenothera triloba
Oenothera tetraptera
Oenothera wolfii
Oenothera filipes
Oenothera xenogaura
Oenothera albicaulis
Oenothera gaura
Oenothera deltoides
Oenothera glazioviana
Oenothera biennis
Oenothera - Wikipedia
Oenothera biennis
Oenothera odorata PFAF Plant Database
Oenothera
Oenothera sect. Pachylophus - Wikispecies
Growing Oenothera (Evening Primrose, Sundrops)
Oenothera speciosa 'Siskiyou' | White Flower Farm
Oenothera fruticosa | BBC Gardeners World Magazine
Oenothera curtiflora / KXCI
Oenothera fruticosa ( Sundrops ) : Backyard Gardener
Oenothera californica Calflora
Oenothera tubicula | International Plant Names Index
Oenothera sect. Pachylophus (Section Pachylophus) · iNaturalist
Oenothera biennis « NANPS
Missouri Evening Primrose Seeds, Oenothera | American Meadows
SEINet Portal Network - Oenothera cespitosa
CalPhotos: Oenothera kunthiana; Kunth's Evening Primrose
CalPhotos: Oenothera californica; California Evening Primrose
Oenothera (Evening Primrose) Seeds - Diane's Flower Seeds
Oenothera Hookeri Seeds (600 seeds) - Plant World Seeds
OENOTHERA speciosa 'Siskiyou' - Avondale Nursery
Genus Alpabetical Listing O: Oenothera Onwards
Oenothera fruticosa 'Fireworks' - Evening Primrose - American Beauties Native Plants
Missouri Evening Primrose (Oenothera macrocarpa (Oenothera missouriensis))-Hort Answers - University of Illinois Extension
Oenothera caespitosa... stock photo by Marg Cousens, Image: 0338327
Striking Starter Plant For Sale | Evening Primrose (Oenothera) - Tagged 'Color Yellow' - Easy To Grow Bulbs
Buy Oenothera versicolor 'Sunset Boulevard' | Sundrops | Sarah Raven
Oenothera macrocarpa syn. O. missouriensis Ozark sundrops Z 3-7 - Heritage Flower Farm
Oenothera speciosa - Photos - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants
Description and images of Oenothera sp. #1553 (), a native Chilean plant, provided by the supplier of native exotic Chilean...
Onagraceae1
- herbaceous plants of the genus Oenothera , of the family Onagraceae, noted for their showy flowers. (britannica.com)
Evening primrose5
- Vigorous and easy to please, Oenothera speciosa 'Siskiyou' (Evening Primrose) makes a ground cover of dense, weed-smothering mats. (whiteflowerfarm.com)
- Narrow-leaf evening primrose, Oenothera fruticosa, is native to eastern North America, where it grows in open landscapes such as dry woodland, rocky outcrops and grasslands. (gardenersworld.com)
- Oenothera californica, known by the common name California evening primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family. (calflora.org)
- Oenothera (Evening Primrose) is a hardy perennial with fragrant flowers in shades of yellow to reddish-orange. (dianeseeds.com)
- Oenothera villosa , or Hairy Evening Primrose, is native to most of the continental US, but is considered adventive in about the eastern 1/3 of the country. (wildflowerid.info)
Biennis1
- Unlike the roadside weed, Oenothera biennis, O. lamarckiana makes a good meadow plant. (americanmeadows.com)
Genus3
- Oenothera is a genus of about 145 species of herbaceous flowering plants native to the Americas. (wikipedia.org)
- The genus Oenothera may have originated in Mexico and Central America, and spread farther north in North America and into South America. (wikipedia.org)
- Oenothera is a genus of more than 200 species from the Western Hemisphere. (whiteflowerfarm.com)
Macrocarpa2
- Home / Our Plants / Perennials & Biennials / Oenothera macrocarpa syn. (heritageflowerfarm.com)
- Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. (kadel.cz)
Fruticosa3
- There are a few cultivars of Oenothera fruticosa available, such as 'Fireworks', which has dark yellow blooms opening from red buds, and 'African Sun', which has a rounded, compact habit. (gardenersworld.com)
- Perfect for container displays and bedding schemes, grow Oenothera fruticosa in a sunny, sheltered site in well-drained soil. (gardenersworld.com)
- Oenothera fruticosa is native from Maine south to Florida and west to Louisiana Missouri, Indiana, and Michigan. (abnativeplants.com)
Caespitosa4
- Oenothera caespitosa, a species of western North America, produces white flowers that turn pink with age. (wikipedia.org)
- Oenothera caespitosa Nutt. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Oenothera caespitosa is very common perennial in dry lower to middle elevation plains and hillsides. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Oenothera caespitosa. (gapphotos.com)
Introduced species1
- In Europe alone there are about 70 introduced species of Oenothera. (wikipedia.org)
Perennial2
- Oenothera odorata is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.9 m (3ft) by 0.3 m (1ft in). (pfaf.org)
- Description Oenothera californica is a perennial herb producing a spreading or upright stem up to 80 centimetres (31 in) long. (calflora.org)
Missouriensis1
- Oenothera missouriensis incana A.Gray, Boston J. Nat. (kadel.cz)
Plants1
- Oenothera are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the large white-lined sphinx (Hyles lineata). (wikipedia.org)
Nutt3
- Oenothera cespitosa Nutt. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Oenothera serrulata Nutt. (asu.edu)
- Munz, Oenothera serrulatus Nutt. (asu.edu)
Versicolor2
- Added Oenothera versicolor 'Sunset Boulevard' to your wishlist. (sarahraven.com)
- Photo: Oenothera versicolor 1. (henriettes-herb.com)
Sect1
- Oenothera sect. (wikimedia.org)
Odorata1
- Oenothera odorata - Jacq. (pfaf.org)
Albicaulis2
- Oenothera albicaulis is a very similar acaulescent plant with similar flowers, but it is an annual. (swbiodiversity.org)
- Oenothera albicaulis can appear similar and be nearly stemless with basal leaves, but that species is annual and Oe. (swbiodiversity.org)
Californica3
- Subspecies There are currently three subspecies of Oenothera californica:[1] Oenothera californica ssp. (calflora.org)
- 2] Oenothera californica ssp. (calflora.org)
- eastern and Southern California[3] Oenothera californica ssp. (calflora.org)
Lamarckiana1
- The appearance of sudden changes in Oenothera lamarckiana led the pioneering geneticist Hugo de Vries to propose what he called "mutation theory" in 1901 (Mutationstheorie in the German the original article was written in). (wikipedia.org)
Fireworks1
- OENOTHERA fruitcosa 'Fireworks' - The Deep bronze foliage and red stems are contrasted by red buds, opening to canary yellow blooms in June. (klynnurseries.com)
Watson1
- Oenothera fremontii S.Watson, Proc. (kadel.cz)
Drought1
- Oenothera like sun, well-drained soil and are drought tolerant. (whiteflowerfarm.com)
Bees2
- Oenothera flowers are pollinated by insects, such as moths and bees. (wikipedia.org)
- Also, the flowers open at a time when most bee species are inactive, so the bees which visit Oenothera are generally vespertine temporal specialists: bees that forage in the evening. (wikipedia.org)
Partial shade1
- Oenothera thrives in full sun (or partial shade in the South) and well-drained soil. (whiteflowerfarm.com)
Image1
- Image of Oenothera sp. (chileflora.com)
Unlike1
- Unlike many species of Oenothera, its flowers bloom throughout the day. (gardenersworld.com)
Description1
- Description and images of Oenothera sp. (chileflora.com)