A condition in which certain opposing teeth fail to establish occlusal contact when the jaws are closed.
"Bites and stings refer to tissue damage or toxic reactions caused by the teeth, mouthparts, or venomous secretions of animals such as insects, spiders, snakes, and mammals during predatory or defensive attacks."
Acquired responses regularly manifested by tongue movement or positioning.
Sucking of the finger. This is one of the most common manipulations of the body found in young children.
Bites by snakes. Bite by a venomous snake is characterized by stinging pain at the wound puncture. The venom injected at the site of the bite is capable of producing a deleterious effect on the blood or on the nervous system. (Webster's 3d ed; from Dorland, 27th ed, at snake, venomous)
Bites inflicted by humans.
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.
The stable placement of surgically induced fractures of the mandible or maxilla through the use of elastics, wire ligatures, arch bars, or other splints. It is used often in the cosmetic surgery of retrognathism and prognathism. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p636)
Devices that babies can suck on when they are not feeding. The extra sucking can be comforting to the babies and pacify them. Pacifiers usually are used as a substitute for the thumb in babies who suck on their thumb or fingers almost constantly.
Any suction exerted by the mouth; response of the mammalian infant to draw milk from the breast. Includes sucking on inanimate objects. Not to be used for thumb sucking, which is indexed under fingersucking.
The length of the face determined by the distance of separation of jaws. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD or VDO) or contact vertical dimension is the lower face height with the teeth in centric occlusion. Rest vertical dimension (VDR) is the lower face height measured from a chin point to a point just below the nose, with the mandible in rest position. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p250)
The force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion.
A malocclusion in which maxillary incisor and canine teeth project over the mandiblar teeth excessively. The overlap is measured perpendicular to the occlusal plane and is also called vertical overlap. When the overlap is measured parallel to the occlusal plane it is referred to as overjet.
Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
Transverse sectioning and repositioning of the maxilla. There are three types: Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement or the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort II osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort III osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures with fracture of one or more facial bones. Le Fort III is often used also to correct craniofacial dysostosis and related facial abnormalities. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1203 & p662)
The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD.
An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.
The effects, both local and systemic, caused by the bites of SPIDERS.
Solid fixation of a tooth resulting from fusion of the cementum and alveolar bone, with obliteration of the periodontal ligament. It is uncommon in the deciduous dentition and very rare in permanent teeth. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
The phase of orthodontics concerned with the correction of malocclusion with proper appliances and prevention of its sequelae (Jablonski's Illus. Dictionary of Dentistry).
The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.
One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.
Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)
Malocclusion in which the mandible is anterior to the maxilla as reflected by the first relationship of the first permanent molar (mesioclusion).
The process of growth and differentiation of the jaws and face.
Sagittal sectioning and repositioning of the ramus of the MANDIBLE to correct a mandibular retrusion, MALOCCLUSION, ANGLE CLASS III; and PROGNATHISM. The oblique sectioning line consists of multiple cuts horizontal and vertical to the mandibular ramus.
Malocclusion in which the mandible is posterior to the maxilla as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (distoclusion).
The relationship of all the components of the masticatory system in normal function. It has special reference to the position and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth for the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556, p472)
The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Surgery performed to repair or correct the skeletal anomalies of the jaw and its associated dental and facial structures (e.g. CLEFT PALATE).
A registration of any positional relationship of the mandible in reference to the maxillae. These records may be any of the many vertical, horizontal, or orientation relations. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)
Abnormally small jaw.
Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth.
Tests of accuracy in pronouncing speech sounds, e.g., Iowa Pressure Articulation Test, Deep Test of Articulation, Templin-Darley Tests of Articulation, Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, Screening Speech Articulation Test, Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale.
Recognition and elimination of potential irregularities and malpositions in the developing dentofacial complex.
Malocclusion in which the mandible and maxilla are anteroposteriorly normal as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (i.e., in neutroclusion), but in which individual teeth are abnormally related to each other.
The teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth.
An orthodontic method used for correcting narrow or collapsed maxillary arches and functional cross-bite. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry),
Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)
The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)
Loose, usually removable intra-oral devices which alter the muscle forces against the teeth and craniofacial skeleton. These are dynamic appliances which depend on altered neuromuscular action to effect bony growth and occlusal development. They are usually used in mixed dentition to treat pediatric malocclusions. (ADA, 1992)
Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.
The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)
The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve.
The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (PALATE, HARD) and the posterior soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).
Abnormal breathing through the mouth, usually associated with obstructive disorders of the nasal passages.
The mouth, teeth, jaws, pharynx, and related structures as they relate to mastication, deglutition, and speech.
Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.
A physical misalignment of the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandibular) jaw bones in which either or both recede relative to the frontal plane of the forehead.
The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.
The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.
A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)
The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.
One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and the molars (MOLAR), serving for grinding and crushing food. The upper have two cusps (bicuspid) but the lower have one to three. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p822)
A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).
Usually a written medical and nursing care program designed for a particular patient.
Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The effects, both local and systemic, caused by the bites of TICKS.

Skeletal and dento-alveolar stability after surgical-orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite: a retrospective study. (1/90)

The aim of this investigation was to assess skeletal and dento-alveolar stability after surgical-orthodontic correction of skeletal anterior open bite treated by maxillary intrusion (group A) versus extrusion (group B). The cephalometric records of 49 adult anterior open bite patients (group A: n = 38, group B: n = 11), treated by the same maxillofacial surgeon, were examined at different timepoints, i.e. at the start of the orthodontic treatment (T1), before surgery (T2), immediately after surgery (T3), early post-operatively (+/- 20 weeks, T4) and one year post-operatively (T5). A bimaxillary operation was performed in 31 of the patients in group A and in six in group B. Rigid internal fixation was standard. If maxillary expansion was necessary, surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SRPE) was performed at least 9 months before the Le Fort I osteotomy. Forty-five patients received combined surgical and orthodontic treatment. The surgical open bite reduction (A, mean 3.9 mm; B, mean 7.7 mm) and the increase of overbite (A, mean 2.4 mm; B, mean 2.7 mm), remained stable one year post-operatively. SNA (T2-T3), showed a high tendency for relapse. The clockwise rotation of the palatal plane (1.7 degrees; T2-T3), relapsed completely within the first post-operative year. Anterior facial height reduction (A, mean -5.5 mm; B, mean -0.8 mm) occurred at the time of surgery. It can be concluded that open bite patients, treated by posterior Le Fort I impaction as well as with anterior extrusion, with or without an additional bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), one year post-surgery, exhibit relatively good clinical dental and skeletal stability.  (+info)

Floating norms and post-treatment overbite in open bite patients. (2/90)

In this study, the clinical significance of three floating norm systems, the Bergen Box (BB), the Segner-Hasund Harmonybox 1 and 2 (SHH1 and SHH2), as well as the influence of treatment modalities for predicting results of an open bite treatment were investigated. In the BB and SHH1, patients with a steep mandibular plane angle or a skeletal open bite configuration (O1mand, O1mandmax, O1max, or N1mand) were considered 'high risk', while in the SHH2, only the configurations O1mand and O1mandmax were considered high risk. All other configurations were designated 'low risk'. It was postulated that in high risk patients, the overbite was likely to relapse into an open bite after retention. Cephalograms of 83 open bite patients taken before treatment (T1) and at the end of retention (T2) were studied. Patients designated as low risk generally had a normal overbite at T2 after treatment, regardless of which box was used. The risk configurations of the SHH1 and SHH2 at T1 were significant predictors of the overbite at T2, the first being slightly better compared with the SHH2. The main clinical values of the SHH1 and SHH2 are strongly supported by the relatively good success rate in distinguishing a low-risk configuration. Reliable prediction of the treatment results of high-risk patients with risk configurations according to the SHH is improved by evaluating treatment modalities. The posterior bite splint seemed to have a bite opening effect, while a bite closing effect was associated with the use of a removable retention appliance.  (+info)

Changes in alveolar morphology during open bite treatment and prediction of treatment result. (3/90)

It has been postulated that dentoalveolar height is enlarged by a compensation mechanism in long face subjects. In this study, dentoalveolar composition was studied in 83 open bite patients. It was found that increases in overbite during treatment coincided with vertical lengthening of the symphysis, which exceeded increments in lower face height. This vertical growth coincided mainly with an increase in the area of the symphysis. Furthermore, a retrusion of the maxillary incisors enhanced bite deepening. Stability of the overbite during the retention period was studied in a subset of 22 patients. It was found that retrusion of the maxillary incisors during treatment led to a more stable overbite during the retention period. Vertical lengthening of the symphysis relative to the increase in lower face height seemed to enhance bite opening during retention. Prediction of the overbite may be reliable, if a re-evaluation of the patients takes place during active treatment. The angle NTGoGn had a substantial predictive value (multiple R = 0.46) for post-treatment overbite. It is concluded that in open bite patients, a dentoalveolar compensation mechanism results in a stable overbite at the end of treatment by enlarging symphysial height through a moderate increase in symphysial volume. In addition, retrusion of the maxillary incisors contributes to overbite reduction. However, an excessive increase in vertical height of the symphysis relative to lower face height may relapse after active treatment. For prediction of the post-treatment overbite, the angle NTGoGn may be used, although a re-evaluation during treatment is recommended.  (+info)

Vertical changes following orthodontic extraction treatment in skeletal open bite subjects. (4/90)

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the vertical changes occurring in skeletal open bite patients treated orthodontically with different extraction patterns. The study was conducted using lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before and after treatment. Fifteen patients who had an anterior open bite (AOB) only were treated with first premolar extractions (Group E4). Seventeen patients with an AOB extending to the posterior teeth were grouped according to the extractions: extraction of second premolars (Group E5) and first molars (Group E6). Cephalometric data were analysed according to the 'two-factor experiment with a repeated measure on one factor' model. The treatment group factor had three levels, E4, E5, and E6, and the time factor two levels, pre- and post-treatment. The differences between the pre- and post-treatment periods were statistically significant for all the cephalometric variables (P < 0.001, P < 0.0001), except for ANS-Me/Na-Me. The time and group interaction were found to be statistically significant for the variables where the time factor is important, such as SN-GoGn angle, SGn-NBa angle, ANS-Me dimension, Na-Me dimension, forward movement of the maxillary and mandibular molars, and the distance to the mandibular plane of the lower molars. The severity of vertical dysplasia did not change in group E4. Generally, however, within the appropriate indications, extraction of the second premolars or the first molars led to a closing rotation of the mandible in subjects with a skeletal AOB extending to the posterior teeth.  (+info)

Moulding of the generate to control open bite during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. (5/90)

Distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton has become a widely accepted, safe, and effective means of craniofacial reconstructive surgery. Despite excellent results in general, there are still some uncertainties related to the procedure, such as development of an anterior open bite (AOB) during mandibular distraction. The aim of this study was to examine whether 'moulding of the generate', i.e. use of intermaxillary elastics during the active distraction phase is possible to close the mandibular plane angle and open bite. Three subjects, 13- and 15-year-old males and a 7-year-old female, underwent mandibular linear and angular bilateral distraction osteogenesis with moulding of the generate. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before the introduction of elastics and following distraction, once the activation was stopped and the patients were ready for the consolidation phase. Conventional cephalometric measurements were used to assess possible changes in the mandibular plane angle and incisor position. Three different anchorage systems (dental, orthopaedic, and skeletal) were used for placement of the intermaxillary elastics. Cephalometric examination showed that the mandibular plane angle was decreased during active distraction osteogenesis with the introduction of elastics and angulation of the distraction device. Depending on the type of elastic anchorage system, smaller or greater amounts of extrusion of the incisors were noted. Moulding of the generate during active distraction can be performed to reduce the mandibular plane angle and open bite. To prevent unwanted dentoalveolar changes from occurring during elastic traction, skeletal rather than dental fixation of the elastics is recommended. Intrusive mechanics may be incorporated into the orthodontic appliances to balance extrusive force by the moulding elastics.  (+info)

Occlusal interferences in orthodontic patients before and after treatment, and in subjects with minor orthodontic treatment need. (6/90)

Different opinions have been expressed concerning the effect of orthodontic treatment on mandibular function. One factor discussed is occlusal interferences. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of occlusal interferences in 210 orthodontic patients before (mean age 12 years 8 months) and after (mean age 16 years 10 months) treatment and to compare them with subjects with minor orthodontic treatment need. The results showed a decrease in retruded contact position/intercuspal position (RCP/ICP) interferences in all morphological deviations, age, and gender groups. The prevalence of mediotrusion interferences decreased in some types of malocclusions whilst in others there was no change. One reason for this is that treatment was started when the majority of the patients had no second or third molars erupted. At the final registration, the second molars were erupted in all patients, and the third molars were erupted in approximately 25 per cent. Mediotrusion interferences were more consistent with basal morphological deviations, for example, Class III relationships and anterior open bite were more consistent in the same person, and more difficult to eliminate than RCP/ICP interferences. RCP/ICP interferences, often caused by dental deviation in position, size, and shape, were easier to correct. Optimal orthodontic treatment, if necessary, including selective grinding, will decrease the prevalence of occlusal interferences.  (+info)

Malocclusion associated with abnormal posture. (7/90)

Growth and development of maxillofacial morphology and oral function are closely interrelated. Oral function is comprised of articulation, swallowing, and chewing. Malocclusion may be caused by abnormal functions such as mouth breathing, tongue thrust swallowing, and unilateral chewing and by abnormal postures of oral circumferential muscles such as forward tongue thrust, tongue biting, and low tongue at rest. Forces from unintentional and habitual behaviors constantly acting on the maxillofacial and alveolar regions can cause the bony structures to generally deform, resulting in jaw deformity and malocclusion. Oral function also plays a vital role in maintaining body posture. In this study, clinical observations of oral postures examined maxillary protrusion and open bite, anterior crossbite and facial asymmetry. The unstable forces induced by abnormal posture were correlated with the varieties of malocclusion. Morphology, function, and posture were shown to be closely interrelated and to influence each other.  (+info)

A cineradiographic study of deglutitive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite. (8/90)

The purpose of this study was to use cineradiographic images to investigate tongue movement during deglutition in anterior open bite patients with tongue thrust. Each subject had semi-spherical lead markers attached to the tip and dorsal surface of the tongue and was asked to swallow 5 ml of diluted liquid barium. Tongue movement during deglutition was recorded in the mid-sagittal plane with an X-ray VTR system. The deglutition process was divided into 6 stages to analyze the movements of the tip and dorsal surface of the tongue in each stage. In open bite patients, both the tip and dorsum of the tongue were positioned anteriorly and inferiorly at rest and during the buildup of negative intraoral pressure. The dorsum of the tongue tended to move and be positioned anteriorly as the tongue tip protruded and pushed the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. The tongue tip traveled a significantly smaller distance from the stage of tongue rest position to that of most retruded tongue tip position and a significantly larger distance from the stage of most retruded tongue tip position to that of tongue tip fixation in open bite patients than in controls.  (+info)

An open bite, in dental terminology, refers to a type of malocclusion (or misalignment) where the upper and lower teeth do not make contact with each other when the jaw is closed. More specifically, the front teeth of both the upper and lower jaws fail to meet or overlap normally, creating an opening in the bite. This condition can lead to various problems such as difficulty in biting, chewing, speaking clearly, and even cause temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Open bite can be caused by several factors including thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, genetic factors, or abnormal jaw development. Treatment usually involves orthodontic intervention, possibly with the use of appliances or even surgery in severe cases.

"Bites and stings" is a general term used to describe injuries resulting from the teeth or venomous secretions of animals. These can include:

1. Insect bites: The bite marks are usually small, punctate, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, and pain. Examples include mosquito, flea, bedbug, and tick bites.

2. Spider bites: Some spiders possess venomous fangs that can cause localized pain, redness, and swelling. In severe cases, systemic symptoms like muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing may occur. The black widow and brown recluse spiders are notorious for their venomous bites.

3. Snake bites: Venomous snakes deliver toxic saliva through their fangs, which can lead to local tissue damage, swelling, pain, and potentially life-threatening systemic effects such as paralysis, bleeding disorders, and respiratory failure.

4. Mammal bites: Animal bites from mammals like dogs, cats, and wild animals can cause puncture wounds, lacerations, and crush injuries. They may also transmit infectious diseases, such as rabies.

5. Marine animal stings: Stings from jellyfish, sea urchins, stingrays, and other marine creatures can result in localized pain, redness, swelling, and systemic symptoms like difficulty breathing, muscle cramps, and altered heart rhythms. Some marine animals' venoms can cause severe allergic reactions or even death.

Treatment for bites and stings varies depending on the type and severity of the injury. It may include wound care, pain management, antibiotics to prevent infection, and in some cases, antivenom therapy to counteract the effects of venom. Seeking immediate medical attention is crucial in severe cases or when systemic symptoms are present.

Tongue habits refer to the specific and repetitive ways in which an individual's tongue moves or rests inside their mouth. These habits can include things like tongue thrusting, where the tongue presses against the front teeth during speech or swallowing; tongue sucking, where the tongue is placed against the roof of the mouth; or improper tongue positioning during rest, where the tongue may be positioned too far forward in the mouth or rest against the bottom teeth.

Tongue habits can have an impact on dental and oral health, as well as speech development and clarity. For example, persistent tongue thrusting can lead to an open bite, where the front teeth do not come together when the mouth is closed. Improper tongue positioning during rest can also contribute to the development of a deep overbite or an anterior open bite.

In some cases, tongue habits may be related to underlying conditions such as muscle weakness or sensory integration disorders. Speech-language pathologists and orthodontists may work together to assess and address tongue habits in order to improve oral function and overall health.

I could not find a specific medical definition for "fingersucking" as it is more of a behavior rather than a medical condition. However, fingersucking can sometimes be associated with certain medical or developmental issues in children. For example, persistent fingering sucking beyond the age of 5 years may indicate a developmental issue such as a sensory processing disorder or a behavioral problem like attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Prolonged fingersucking can also lead to dental problems such as malocclusion and dental caries.

A snake bite is a traumatic injury resulting from the puncture or laceration of skin by the fangs of a snake, often accompanied by envenomation. Envenomation occurs when the snake injects venom into the victim's body through its fangs. The severity and type of symptoms depend on various factors such as the species of snake, the amount of venom injected, the location of the bite, and the individual's sensitivity to the venom. Symptoms can range from localized pain, swelling, and redness to systemic effects like coagulopathy, neurotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity, which may lead to severe complications or even death if not treated promptly and appropriately.

'Human bites' refer to wounds or injuries resulting from the human mouth coming into contact with another person's body tissue. These bites can occur during fights, accidents, or intentional acts and can cause damage ranging from minor abrasions to serious tissue injury or infection. Human bite wounds may also pose a risk of transmission for various pathogens, including bacteria like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species, hepatitis B and C viruses, and herpes simplex virus. Proper evaluation, wound care, and potential antibiotic treatment are crucial to prevent complications associated with human bites.

Insect bites and stings refer to the penetration of the skin by insects, such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, or bees, often resulting in localized symptoms including redness, swelling, itching, and pain. The reaction can vary depending on the individual's sensitivity and the type of insect. In some cases, systemic reactions like anaphylaxis may occur, which requires immediate medical attention. Treatment typically involves relieving symptoms with topical creams, antihistamines, or in severe cases, epinephrine. Prevention measures include using insect repellent and protective clothing.

Jaw fixation techniques, also known as maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), are procedures used in dental and oral surgery to hold the jaw in a specific position. This is typically done by wiring the upper and lower teeth together or using elastic bands and other devices to keep the jaws aligned. The technique is often used after surgical procedures on the jaw, such as corrective jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) or fracture repair, to help promote proper healing and alignment of the bones. It may also be used in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders or other conditions affecting the jaw. The duration of jaw fixation can vary depending on the specific procedure and individual patient needs, but it typically lasts several weeks.

A pacifier, also known as a soother or dummy, is a rubber, plastic, or silicone teething device that is designed to be sucked upon. It has a nipple-like part that the baby or infant sucks on to derive a sense of security, comfort, and relaxation. Pacifiers are often used to help soothe a crying or fussy baby, to help them fall asleep, or to calm them during stressful situations. They come in various shapes, sizes, and colors, and can be orthodontic or non-orthodontic. It is recommended that pacifier use should be stopped by the age of 2-3 years to prevent dental and speech development issues.

"Sucking behavior" is not a term typically used in medical terminology. However, in the context of early childhood development and behavior, "non-nutritive sucking" is a term that may be used to describe an infant or young child's habitual sucking on their thumb, fingers, or pacifiers, beyond what is necessary for feeding. This type of sucking behavior can provide a sense of security, comfort, or help to self-soothe and manage stress or anxiety.

It's important to note that while non-nutritive sucking is generally considered a normal part of early childhood development, persistent sucking habits beyond the age of 2-4 years may lead to dental or orthodontic problems such as an overbite or open bite. Therefore, it's recommended to monitor and address these behaviors if they persist beyond this age range.

The term "vertical dimension" is used in dentistry, specifically in the field of prosthodontics, to refer to the measurement of the distance between two specific points in the vertical direction when the jaw is closed. The most common measurement is the "vertical dimension of occlusion," which is the distance between the upper and lower teeth when the jaw is in a balanced and comfortable position during resting closure.

The vertical dimension is an important consideration in the design and fabrication of dental restorations, such as dentures or dental crowns, to ensure proper function, comfort, and aesthetics. Changes in the vertical dimension can occur due to various factors, including tooth loss, jaw joint disorders, or muscle imbalances, which may require correction through dental treatment.

Bite force refers to the amount of force or pressure that can be exerted by the teeth and jaw when biting down or clenching together. It is a measure of an individual's maximum biting strength, typically expressed in units such as pounds (lb) or newtons (N). Bite force is an important factor in various biological and medical contexts, including oral health, nutrition, and the study of animal behavior and evolution.

In humans, bite force can vary widely depending on factors such as age, sex, muscle strength, and dental health. On average, a healthy adult human male may have a maximum bite force of around 150-200 pounds (670-890 newtons), while an adult female may have a bite force of around 100-130 pounds (445-578 newtons). However, these values can vary significantly from person to person.

Abnormalities in bite force can be indicative of various medical conditions or injuries, such as temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), muscle weakness, or neurological disorders affecting the facial muscles. Assessing and measuring bite force may also be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of dental treatments or appliances, such as dentures or orthodontic devices.

An overbite, also known as "malocclusion of class II division 1" in dental terminology, is an orthodontic condition where the upper front teeth excessively overlap the lower front teeth when biting down. This means that the upper incisors are positioned too far forward or the lower incisors are too far back. A slight overbite is considered normal and healthy, as it allows the front teeth to perform their functions properly, such as biting and tearing food. However, a significant overbite can lead to various problems like difficulty in chewing, speaking, and maintaining good oral hygiene. It may also cause wear and tear on the teeth, jaw pain, or even contribute to temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Orthodontic treatment, such as braces or aligners, is often recommended to correct a severe overbite and restore proper bite alignment.

Malocclusion is a term used in dentistry and orthodontics to describe a misalignment or misrelation between the upper and lower teeth when they come together, also known as the bite. It is derived from the Latin words "mal" meaning bad or wrong, and "occludere" meaning to close.

There are different types of malocclusions, including:

1. Class I malocclusion: The most common type, where the upper teeth slightly overlap the lower teeth, but the bite is otherwise aligned.
2. Class II malocclusion (overbite): The upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth, causing a horizontal or vertical discrepancy between the dental arches.
3. Class III malocclusion (underbite): The lower teeth protrude beyond the upper teeth, resulting in a crossbite or underbite.

Malocclusions can be caused by various factors such as genetics, thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, premature loss of primary or permanent teeth, and jaw injuries or disorders. They may lead to several oral health issues, including tooth decay, gum disease, difficulty chewing or speaking, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Treatment for malocclusions typically involves orthodontic appliances like braces, aligners, or retainers to realign the teeth and correct the bite. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

An "osteotomy" refers to a surgical procedure in which a bone is cut. A "Le Fort osteotomy" is a specific type of osteotomy that involves cutting and repositioning the middle (midface) portion of the facial bones. There are three types of Le Fort osteotomies, named after the French surgeon René Le Fort who first described them:

1. Le Fort I osteotomy: This procedure involves making a horizontal cut through the lower part of the maxilla (upper jaw) and separating it from the rest of the facial bones. It is often used to treat conditions such as severe jaw deformities or obstructive sleep apnea.
2. Le Fort II osteotomy: In this procedure, an upward curved cut is made through the lower part of the maxilla and the middle portion of the nasal bones. This allows for the repositioning of the midface and nose. It may be used to treat conditions such as severe facial fractures or congenital deformities.
3. Le Fort III osteotomy: A Le Fort III osteotomy involves making a cut through the upper part of the maxilla, the orbital bones (bones surrounding the eyes), and the zygomatic bones (cheekbones). This procedure allows for significant repositioning of the midface and is often used to treat severe facial fractures or congenital deformities.

It's important to note that Le Fort osteotomies are complex surgical procedures that should only be performed by experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons or craniofacial surgeons.

Cephalometry is a medical term that refers to the measurement and analysis of the skull, particularly the head face relations. It is commonly used in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery to assess and plan treatment for abnormalities related to the teeth, jaws, and facial structures. The process typically involves taking X-ray images called cephalograms, which provide a lateral view of the head, and then using various landmarks and reference lines to make measurements and evaluate skeletal and dental relationships. This information can help clinicians diagnose problems, plan treatment, and assess treatment outcomes.

A diastema is a gap or space that occurs between two teeth. The most common location for a diastema is between the two upper front teeth (central incisors). Diastemas can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Tooth size discrepancy: If the size of the teeth is smaller than the size of the jawbone, spaces may occur between the teeth. This is a common cause of diastema in children as their jaws grow and develop faster than their teeth. In some cases, these gaps close on their own as the permanent teeth erupt and fully emerge.
2. Thumb sucking or pacifier use: Prolonged thumb sucking or pacifier use can exert pressure on the front teeth, causing them to protrude and creating a gap between them. This habit typically affects children and may result in a diastema if it persists beyond the age of 4-5 years.
3. Tongue thrust: Tongue thrust is a condition where an individual pushes their tongue against the front teeth while speaking or swallowing. Over time, this force can push the front teeth forward and create a gap between them.
4. Missing teeth: When a person loses a tooth due to extraction, decay, or injury, the surrounding teeth may shift position and cause gaps to form between other teeth.
5. Periodontal disease: Advanced periodontal (gum) disease can lead to bone loss and receding gums, which can result in spaces between the teeth.
6. Genetic factors: Some people have a natural tendency for their front teeth to be widely spaced due to genetic predisposition.

Diastemas can be closed through various orthodontic treatments, such as braces or aligners, or by using dental restorations like bonding, veneers, or crowns. The appropriate treatment option depends on the underlying cause of the diastema and the individual's overall oral health condition.

A spider bite is not a medical condition in and of itself, but rather an injury caused by the puncture of the skin by the fangs of a spider. Not all spiders are capable of penetrating human skin, and only a small number of species found in certain parts of the world have venom that can cause harmful reactions in humans.

The symptoms of a spider bite can vary widely depending on the species of spider, the amount of venom injected, the sensitivity of the person bitten, and the location of the bite. Some common symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, itching, and formation of a blister at the site of the bite. In more severe cases, symptoms such as muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing can occur.

It is important to note that many skin reactions that are attributed to spider bites may actually be caused by other factors such as bacterial infections or allergic reactions. Accurate identification of the spider responsible for a bite is often difficult, and in most cases, treatment is directed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications.

Tooth ankylosis is a dental condition where the tooth becomes abnormally fused to the alveolar bone, which is the part of the jawbone that contains the tooth sockets. This fusion typically occurs through the cementum of the root surface and the adjacent alveolar bone, resulting in the loss of the periodontal ligament (PLD) space that normally separates the tooth from the bone.

Ankylosis can affect both primary (deciduous or baby) teeth and permanent teeth. In primary teeth, ankylosis may lead to early exfoliation or premature loss of the tooth due to the lack of PDL resorption, which is necessary for natural tooth shedding. In permanent teeth, ankylosis can result in infraocclusion, where the affected tooth fails to erupt fully and remains at a lower level than the surrounding teeth.

The causes of tooth ankylosis include trauma, infection, developmental disorders, or previous orthodontic treatment. It is essential to diagnose and manage this condition promptly, as it can lead to complications such as malocclusion, dental crowding, or periodontal issues if left untreated. Treatment options may include extraction of the affected tooth, surgical separation from the bone, or orthodontic treatment to correct any resulting occlusal discrepancies.

Orthodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. The term "corrective" in this context refers to the use of appliances (such as braces, aligners, or other devices) to move teeth into their proper position and correct malocclusion (bad bite). This not only improves the appearance of the teeth but also helps to ensure better function, improved oral health, and overall dental well-being.

The goal of corrective orthodontics is to create a balanced and harmonious relationship between the teeth, jaws, and facial structures. Treatment may be recommended for children, adolescents, or adults and can help address various issues such as crowding, spacing, overbites, underbites, crossbites, open bites, and jaw growth discrepancies. A combination of techniques, including fixed or removable appliances, may be used to achieve the desired outcome. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary throughout treatment to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.

The mandible, also known as the lower jaw, is the largest and strongest bone in the human face. It forms the lower portion of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in various functions such as mastication (chewing), speaking, and swallowing. The mandible is a U-shaped bone that consists of a horizontal part called the body and two vertical parts called rami.

The mandible articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) located in front of each ear, allowing for movements like opening and closing the mouth, protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement. The mandible contains the lower teeth sockets called alveolar processes, which hold the lower teeth in place.

In medical terminology, the term "mandible" refers specifically to this bone and its associated structures.

The maxilla is a paired bone that forms the upper jaw in vertebrates. In humans, it is a major bone in the face and plays several important roles in the craniofacial complex. Each maxilla consists of a body and four processes: frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar process, and palatine process.

The maxillae contribute to the formation of the eye sockets (orbits), nasal cavity, and the hard palate of the mouth. They also contain the upper teeth sockets (alveoli) and help form the lower part of the orbit and the cheekbones (zygomatic arches).

Here's a quick rundown of its key functions:

1. Supports the upper teeth and forms the upper jaw.
2. Contributes to the formation of the eye sockets, nasal cavity, and hard palate.
3. Helps shape the lower part of the orbit and cheekbones.
4. Partakes in the creation of important sinuses, such as the maxillary sinus, which is located within the body of the maxilla.

An incisor is a type of tooth that is primarily designed for biting off food pieces rather than chewing or grinding. They are typically chisel-shaped, flat, and have a sharp cutting edge. In humans, there are eight incisors - four on the upper jaw and four on the lower jaw, located at the front of the mouth. Other animals such as dogs, cats, and rodents also have incisors that they use for different purposes like tearing or gnawing.

Malocclusion, Angle Class III is a type of orthodontic problem characterized by a misalignment of the teeth and jaws. This classification was first described by Edward Angle, an American dentist who is considered the father of modern orthodontics. In Class III malocclusion, the lower jaw (mandible) protrudes forward beyond the upper jaw (maxilla), resulting in a misaligned bite.

In this condition, the lower front teeth are positioned in front of the upper front teeth when the jaws are closed. This can lead to various dental and skeletal problems, such as abnormal tooth wear, difficulty in chewing and speaking, and aesthetic concerns. Class III malocclusion can be mild, moderate, or severe and may require orthodontic treatment, including braces, appliances, or even surgery, to correct the problem.

Maxillofacial development refers to the growth and formation of the bones, muscles, and soft tissues that make up the face and jaw (maxillofacial region). This process begins in utero and continues throughout childhood and adolescence. It involves the coordinated growth and development of multiple structures, including the upper and lower jaws (maxilla and mandible), facial bones, teeth, muscles, and nerves.

Abnormalities in maxillofacial development can result in a range of conditions, such as cleft lip and palate, jaw deformities, and craniofacial syndromes. These conditions may affect a person's appearance, speech, chewing, and breathing, and may require medical or surgical intervention to correct.

Healthcare professionals involved in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial developmental disorders include oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, pediatricians, geneticists, and other specialists.

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is a specific type of orthognathic surgery, which is performed on the ramus of the mandible (lower jaw). The procedure involves making a surgical cut in the ramus bone in a sagittal direction (splitting it from front to back), and then splitting the bone further into two segments. These segments are then repositioned to correct dentofacial deformities, such as jaw misalignment or asymmetry. The procedure is often used to treat severe cases of malocclusion (bad bite) and jaw joint disorders. After the bones are repositioned, they are stabilized with plates and screws until they heal together in their new position.

Malocclusion, Angle Class II is a type of dental malocclusion where the relationship between the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) is such that the lower molar teeth are positioned posteriorly relative to the upper molar teeth. This results in an overbite, which means that the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth excessively. The classification was proposed by Edward Angle, an American orthodontist who is considered the father of modern orthodontics. In this classification system, Class II malocclusion is further divided into three subclasses (I, II, and III) based on the position of the lower incisors relative to the upper incisors.

Dental occlusion refers to the alignment and contact between the upper and lower teeth when the jaws are closed. It is the relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or biting.

A proper dental occlusion, also known as a balanced occlusion, ensures that the teeth and jaw joints function harmoniously, reducing the risk of tooth wear, damage, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Malocclusion, on the other hand, refers to improper alignment or contact between the upper and lower teeth, which may require orthodontic treatment or dental restorations to correct.

Mixed dentition is a stage of dental development in which both primary (deciduous) teeth and permanent teeth are present in the mouth. This phase typically begins when the first permanent molars erupt, around the age of 6, and continues until all of the primary teeth have been replaced by permanent teeth, usually around the age of 12-13.

During this stage, a person will have a mix of smaller, temporary teeth and larger, more durable permanent teeth. Proper care and management of mixed dentition is essential for maintaining good oral health, as it can help to prevent issues such as crowding, misalignment, and decay. Regular dental check-ups and proper brushing and flossing techniques are crucial during this stage to ensure the best possible outcomes for long-term oral health.

Orthognathic surgical procedures are a type of surgery used to correct jaw misalignments and improve the bite and function of the jaws. The term "orthognathic" comes from the Greek words "orthos," meaning straight or correct, and "gnathos," meaning jaw. These surgeries are typically performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in conjunction with orthodontic treatment to achieve proper alignment of the teeth and jaws.

Orthognathic surgical procedures may be recommended for patients who have significant discrepancies between the size and position of their upper and lower jaws, which can result in problems with chewing, speaking, breathing, and sleeping. These procedures can also improve facial aesthetics by correcting jaw deformities and imbalances.

The specific surgical procedure used will depend on the nature and extent of the jaw misalignment. Common orthognathic surgical procedures include:

1. Maxillary osteotomy: This procedure involves making cuts in the upper jawbone (maxilla) and moving it forward or backward to correct a misalignment.
2. Mandibular osteotomy: This procedure involves making cuts in the lower jawbone (mandible) and moving it forward or backward to correct a misalignment.
3. Genioplasty: This procedure involves reshaping or repositioning the chin bone (mentum) to improve facial aesthetics and jaw function.
4. Orthognathic surgery for sleep apnea: This procedure involves repositioning the upper and/or lower jaws to open up the airway and improve breathing during sleep.

Orthognathic surgical procedures require careful planning and coordination between the surgeon, orthodontist, and patient. The process typically involves taking detailed measurements and images of the jaw and teeth, creating a surgical plan, and undergoing orthodontic treatment to align the teeth prior to surgery. After surgery, patients may need to wear braces or other appliances to maintain the alignment of their teeth and jaws during healing.

A Jaw Relation Record (also known as a "mounted cast" or "articulated record") is a dental term used to describe the process of recording and replicating the precise spatial relationship between the upper and lower jaws. This information is crucial in various dental treatments, such as designing and creating dental restorations, dentures, or orthodontic appliances.

The Jaw Relation Record typically involves these steps:

1. Determining the optimal jaw position (occlusion) during a clinical procedure called "bite registration." This is done by using various materials like waxes, silicones, or impression compounds to record the relationship between the upper and lower teeth in a static position or at specific movements.
2. Transferring this bite registration to an articulator, which is a mechanical device that simulates jaw movement. The articulator holds dental casts (replicas of the patient's teeth) and allows for adjustments based on the recorded jaw relationship.
3. Mounting the dental casts onto the articulator according to the bite registration. This creates an accurate representation of the patient's oral structures, allowing dentists or technicians to evaluate, plan, and fabricate dental restorations that will fit harmoniously in the mouth and provide optimal function and aesthetics.

In summary, a Jaw Relation Record is a critical component in dental treatment planning and restoration design, as it captures and replicates the precise spatial relationship between the upper and lower jaws.

Micrognathism is a medical term that refers to a condition where the lower jaw (mandible) is abnormally small or underdeveloped. This can result in various dental and skeletal problems, including an improper bite (malocclusion), difficulty speaking, chewing, or swallowing, and sleep apnea. Micrognathism may be congenital or acquired later in life due to trauma, disease, or surgical removal of part of the jaw. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and can include orthodontic treatment, surgery, or a combination of both.

Tooth movement, in a dental and orthodontic context, refers to the physical change in position or alignment of one or more teeth within the jaw bone as a result of controlled forces applied through various orthodontic appliances such as braces, aligners, or other orthodontic devices. The purposeful manipulation of these forces encourages the periodontal ligament (the tissue that connects the tooth to the bone) to remodel, allowing the tooth to move gradually over time into the desired position. This process is crucial in achieving proper bite alignment, correcting malocclusions, and enhancing overall oral function and aesthetics.

Speech articulation tests are diagnostic assessments used to determine the presence, nature, and severity of speech sound disorders in individuals. These tests typically involve the assessment of an individual's ability to produce specific speech sounds in words, sentences, and conversational speech. The tests may include measures of sound production, phonological processes, oral-motor function, and speech intelligibility.

The results of a speech articulation test can help identify areas of weakness or error in an individual's speech sound system and inform the development of appropriate intervention strategies to improve speech clarity and accuracy. Speech articulation tests are commonly used by speech-language pathologists to evaluate children and adults with speech sound disorders, including those related to developmental delays, hearing impairment, structural anomalies, neurological conditions, or other factors that may affect speech production.

Interceptive orthodontics refers to a branch of orthodontics that focuses on the early interception and treatment of dental or oral issues in children, typically between the ages of 6 and 10. The goal of interceptive orthodontics is to correct developing problems before they become more serious and require extensive treatment in the future.

Interceptive orthodontic treatments may include the use of appliances such as space maintainers, palatal expanders, or partial braces to guide the growth and development of the teeth and jaws. These treatments can help to:

* Create more space for crowded teeth
* Correct bite problems
* Improve facial symmetry
* Guide jaw growth and development
* Reduce the risk of tooth damage due to thumb sucking or tongue thrusting habits

By addressing these issues early on, interceptive orthodontics can help to prevent more extensive and costly treatments later in life. It is important to note that not all children will require interceptive orthodontic treatment, and a thorough evaluation by an orthodontist is necessary to determine the most appropriate course of action for each individual case.

Malocclusion, Angle Class I is a type of dental malocclusion where the misalignment of teeth is not severe enough to affect the overall function or appearance of the bite significantly. Named after Edward Angle, the founder of modern orthodontics, this classification indicates that the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the lower first molar. Although the bite appears normal, there might be crowding, spacing, or rotations present in the teeth, which can lead to aesthetic concerns and potential periodontal issues if left untreated.

A deciduous tooth, also known as a baby tooth or primary tooth, is a type of temporary tooth that humans and some other mammals develop during childhood. They are called "deciduous" because they are eventually shed and replaced by permanent teeth, much like how leaves on a deciduous tree fall off and are replaced by new growth.

Deciduous teeth begin to form in the womb and start to erupt through the gums when a child is around six months old. By the time a child reaches age three, they typically have a full set of 20 deciduous teeth, including incisors, canines, and molars. These teeth are smaller and less durable than permanent teeth, but they serve important functions such as helping children chew food properly, speak clearly, and maintain space in the jaw for the permanent teeth to grow into.

Deciduous teeth usually begin to fall out around age six or seven, starting with the lower central incisors. This process continues until all of the deciduous teeth have been shed, typically by age 12 or 13. At this point, the permanent teeth will have grown in and taken their place, with the exception of the wisdom teeth, which may not erupt until later in adolescence or early adulthood.

Palatal expansion technique is a dental or orthodontic treatment procedure that aims to widen the upper jaw (maxilla) by expanding the palate. This is typically done using a device called a palatal expander, which is attached to the upper molars and applies pressure to gradually separate the two bones that form the palate (the maxillary bones). As the appliance is activated (usually through turning a screw or key), it gently expands the palatal suture, allowing for an increase in the width of the upper dental arch. This procedure can help correct crossbites, crowding, and other jaw alignment issues. It's commonly used in children and adolescents but may also be employed in adults with certain conditions.

Orthodontic appliances are devices used in orthodontics, a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. These appliances can be fixed or removable and are used to align teeth, correct jaw relationships, or modify dental forces. They can include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, space maintainers, and headgear, among others. The specific type of appliance used depends on the individual patient's needs and the treatment plan developed by the orthodontist.

In the context of dentistry, a molar is a type of tooth found in the back of the mouth. They are larger and wider than other types of teeth, such as incisors or canines, and have a flat biting surface with multiple cusps. Molars are primarily used for grinding and chewing food into smaller pieces that are easier to swallow. Humans typically have twelve molars in total, including the four wisdom teeth.

In medical terminology outside of dentistry, "molar" can also refer to a unit of mass in the apothecaries' system of measurement, which is equivalent to 4.08 grams. However, this usage is less common and not related to dental or medical anatomy.

Functional Orthodontic Appliances are removable or fixed devices used in orthodontics to correct the alignment and/or positioning of jaw bones and/or teeth. They work by harnessing the power of muscle function and growth to achieve desired changes in the dental arches and jaws. These appliances are typically used in growing children and adolescents, but can also be used in adults in certain cases. Examples of functional orthodontic appliances include activators, bionators, twin blocks, and Herbst appliances. The specific type of appliance used will depend on the individual patient's needs and treatment goals.

Dental models are replicas of a patient's teeth and surrounding oral structures, used in dental practice and education. They are typically created using plaster or other materials that harden to accurately reproduce the shape and position of each tooth, as well as the contours of the gums and palate. Dental models may be used for a variety of purposes, including treatment planning, creating custom-fitted dental appliances, and teaching dental students about oral anatomy and various dental procedures. They provide a tactile and visual representation that can aid in understanding and communication between dentists, patients, and other dental professionals.

A cuspid, also known as a canine tooth or cuspid tooth, is a type of tooth in mammals. It is the pointiest tooth in the dental arch and is located between the incisors and bicuspids (or premolars). Cuspids have a single cusp or pointed tip that is used for tearing and grasping food. In humans, there are four cuspids, two on the upper jaw and two on the lower jaw, one on each side of the dental arch.

The "chin" is the lower, prominent part of the front portion of the jaw in humans and other animals. In medical terms, it is often referred to as the mentum or the symphysis of the mandible. The chin helps in protecting the soft tissues of the mouth and throat during activities such as eating, speaking, and swallowing. It also plays a role in shaping the overall appearance of the face. Anatomically, the chin is formed by the fusion of the two halves of the mandible (lower jawbone) at the symphysis menti.

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals, separating the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. It consists of two portions: the anterior hard palate, which is composed of bone, and the posterior soft palate, which is composed of muscle and connective tissue. The palate plays a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and breathing, as it helps to direct food and air to their appropriate locations during these activities.

Mouth breathing is a condition characterized by the regular habit of breathing through the mouth instead of the nose during awake states and sometimes during sleep. This can occur due to various reasons such as nasal congestion, deviated septum, enlarged tonsils or adenoids, or structural abnormalities in the jaw or airway. Prolonged mouth breathing can lead to several oral and general health issues, including dry mouth, bad breath, gum disease, and orthodontic problems. It can also affect sleep quality and cognitive function.

The stomatognathic system is a term used in medicine and dentistry to refer to the coordinated functions of the mouth, jaw, and related structures. It includes the teeth, gums, tongue, palate, lips, cheeks, salivary glands, as well as the muscles of mastication (chewing), swallowing, and speech. The stomatognathic system also involves the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures that allow for movement of the jaw. This complex system works together to enable functions such as eating, speaking, and breathing. Dysfunction in the stomatognathic system can lead to various oral health issues, including temporomandibular disorders, occlusal problems, and orofacial pain.

Antivenins, also known as antivenoms, are medications created specifically to counteract venomous bites or stings from various creatures such as snakes, spiders, scorpions, and marine animals. They contain antibodies that bind to and neutralize the toxic proteins present in venom. Antivenins are usually made by immunizing large animals (like horses) with small amounts of venom over time, which prompts the animal's immune system to produce antibodies against the venom. The antibody-rich serum is then collected from the immunized animal and purified for use as an antivenin.

When administered to a victim who has been envenomated, antivenins work by binding to the venom molecules, preventing them from causing further damage to the body's tissues and organs. This helps minimize the severity of symptoms and can save lives in life-threatening situations. It is essential to seek immediate medical attention if bitten or stung by a venomous creature, as antivenins should be administered as soon as possible for optimal effectiveness.

Retrognathia is a dental and maxillofacial term that refers to a condition where the mandible (lower jaw) is positioned further back than normal, relative to the maxilla (upper jaw). This results in the chin appearing recessed or set back, and can lead to various functional and aesthetic problems. In severe cases, retrognathia can interfere with speaking, chewing, and breathing, and may require orthodontic or surgical intervention for correction.

The skull base is the lower part of the skull that forms the floor of the cranial cavity and the roof of the facial skeleton. It is a complex anatomical region composed of several bones, including the frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, and ethmoid bones. The skull base supports the brain and contains openings for blood vessels and nerves that travel between the brain and the face or neck. The skull base can be divided into three regions: the anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and posterior cranial fossa, which house different parts of the brain.

The alveolar process is the curved part of the jawbone (mandible or maxilla) that contains sockets or hollow spaces (alveoli) for the teeth to be embedded. These processes are covered with a specialized mucous membrane called the gingiva, which forms a tight seal around the teeth to help protect the periodontal tissues and maintain oral health.

The alveolar process is composed of both compact and spongy bone tissue. The compact bone forms the outer layer, while the spongy bone is found inside the alveoli and provides support for the teeth. When a tooth is lost or extracted, the alveolar process begins to resorb over time due to the lack of mechanical stimulation from the tooth's chewing forces. This can lead to changes in the shape and size of the jawbone, which may require bone grafting procedures before dental implant placement.

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD) refer to a group of conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the muscles that control jaw movement. The TMJ is the hinge joint that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull (temporal bone) in front of the ear. It allows for movements required for activities such as eating, speaking, and yawning.

TMD can result from various causes, including:

1. Muscle tension or spasm due to clenching or grinding teeth (bruxism), stress, or jaw misalignment
2. Dislocation or injury of the TMJ disc, which is a small piece of cartilage that acts as a cushion between the bones in the joint
3. Arthritis or other degenerative conditions affecting the TMJ
4. Bite problems (malocclusion) leading to abnormal stress on the TMJ and its surrounding muscles
5. Stress, which can exacerbate existing TMD symptoms by causing muscle tension

Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders may include:
- Pain or tenderness in the jaw, face, neck, or shoulders
- Limited jaw movement or locking of the jaw
- Clicking, popping, or grating sounds when moving the jaw
- Headaches, earaches, or dizziness
- Difficulty chewing or biting
- Swelling on the side of the face

Treatment for TMD varies depending on the severity and cause of the condition. It may include self-care measures (like eating soft foods, avoiding extreme jaw movements, and applying heat or cold packs), physical therapy, medications (such as muscle relaxants, pain relievers, or anti-inflammatory drugs), dental work (including bite adjustments or orthodontic treatment), or even surgery in severe cases.

Orthodontic appliance design refers to the creation and development of medical devices used in orthodontics, which is a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of dental and facial irregularities. The design process involves creating a customized treatment plan for each patient, based on their specific needs and goals.

Orthodontic appliances can be removable or fixed and are used to move teeth into proper alignment, improve jaw function, and enhance the overall appearance of the smile. Some common types of orthodontic appliances include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, and retainers.

The design of an orthodontic appliance typically involves several factors, including:

1. The specific dental or facial problem being addressed
2. The patient's age, overall health, and oral hygiene habits
3. The patient's lifestyle and personal preferences
4. The estimated treatment time and cost
5. The potential risks and benefits of the appliance

Orthodontic appliance design is a complex process that requires a thorough understanding of dental anatomy, biomechanics, and materials science. It is typically performed by an orthodontist or a dental technician with specialized training in this area. The goal of orthodontic appliance design is to create a device that is both effective and comfortable for the patient, while also ensuring that it is safe and easy to use.

A bicuspid valve, also known as a mitral valve in the heart, is a heart valve that has two leaflets or cusps. It lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle and helps to regulate blood flow between these two chambers of the heart. In a healthy heart, the bicuspid valve opens to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle and closes tightly to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium during contraction of the ventricle.

A congenital heart defect known as a bicuspid aortic valve occurs when the aortic valve, which normally has three leaflets or cusps, only has two. This can lead to narrowing of the valve (aortic stenosis) or leakage of the valve (aortic regurgitation), which can cause symptoms and may require medical treatment.

An open reading frame (ORF) is a continuous stretch of DNA or RNA sequence that has the potential to be translated into a protein. It begins with a start codon (usually "ATG" in DNA, which corresponds to "AUG" in RNA) and ends with a stop codon ("TAA", "TAG", or "TGA" in DNA; "UAA", "UAG", or "UGA" in RNA). The sequence between these two points is called a coding sequence (CDS), which, when transcribed into mRNA and translated into amino acids, forms a polypeptide chain.

In eukaryotic cells, ORFs can be located in either protein-coding genes or non-coding regions of the genome. In prokaryotic cells, multiple ORFs may be present on a single strand of DNA, often organized into operons that are transcribed together as a single mRNA molecule.

It's important to note that not all ORFs necessarily represent functional proteins; some may be pseudogenes or result from errors in genome annotation. Therefore, additional experimental evidence is typically required to confirm the expression and functionality of a given ORF.

Patient care planning is a critical aspect of medical practice that involves the development, implementation, and evaluation of an individualized plan for patients to receive high-quality and coordinated healthcare services. It is a collaborative process between healthcare professionals, patients, and their families that aims to identify the patient's health needs, establish realistic goals, and determine the most effective interventions to achieve those goals.

The care planning process typically includes several key components, such as:

1. Assessment: A comprehensive evaluation of the patient's physical, psychological, social, and environmental status to identify their healthcare needs and strengths.
2. Diagnosis: The identification of the patient's medical condition(s) based on clinical findings and diagnostic tests.
3. Goal-setting: The establishment of realistic and measurable goals that address the patient's healthcare needs and align with their values, preferences, and lifestyle.
4. Intervention: The development and implementation of evidence-based strategies to achieve the identified goals, including medical treatments, therapies, and supportive services.
5. Monitoring and evaluation: The ongoing assessment of the patient's progress towards achieving their goals and adjusting the care plan as needed based on changes in their condition or response to treatment.

Patient care planning is essential for ensuring that patients receive comprehensive, coordinated, and personalized care that promotes their health, well-being, and quality of life. It also helps healthcare professionals to communicate effectively, make informed decisions, and provide safe and effective care that meets the needs and expectations of their patients.

In the context of medicine, particularly in anatomy and physiology, "rotation" refers to the movement of a body part around its own axis or the long axis of another structure. This type of motion is three-dimensional and can occur in various planes. A common example of rotation is the movement of the forearm bones (radius and ulna) around each other during pronation and supination, which allows the hand to be turned palm up or down. Another example is the rotation of the head during mastication (chewing), where the mandible moves in a circular motion around the temporomandibular joint.

A "tick bite" refers to the penetration of the skin by a tick, a small arachnid, for the purpose of feeding on the host's blood. This process often involves the tick's mouthparts piercing the skin and attaching themselves securely to the host. Tick bites can potentially transmit diseases, such as Lyme disease or Rocky Mountain spotted fever, depending on the type of tick and the length of time it remains attached. It is important to check for and promptly remove ticks from the body to reduce the risk of infection.

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Osmond, Andrew (January 24, 2022). "Sing a Bit of Harmony Opens in U.K. and Ireland Cinemas on Friday". Anime News Network. ... Pineda, Rafael Antonio (July 14, 2021). "Sing a Bit of Harmony Anime's Trailer Reveals More Cast, October 29 Opening". Anime ... Sing a Bit of Harmony official website (in Japanese) Sing a Bit of Harmony official manga website at Afternoon (in Japanese) ... Sing a Bit of Harmony (film) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia Sing a Bit of Harmony at IMDb (CS1 uses Japanese-language ...
On November 1, 2021, Eight Bit opened a new studio in the Niigata Prefecture. "Eight Bit company profile". En Japan (in ... "About us". Eight bit (in Japanese). Retrieved 3 September 2021. "About us". Eight bit (in Japanese). Retrieved 3 September 2021 ... "8-Bit Animates 'If My Favorite Pop Idol Made it to the Budokan, I Would Die' Anime for 2020 Premiere". Anime News Network. July ... Eight Bit Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社エイトビット, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Eito Bitto), also known as 8bit, is a Japanese animation ...
"Give a Little Bit" is the opening song on Supertramp's 1977 album Even in the Quietest Moments... The song was released as a ... "Supertramp - Give a Little Bit" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 11 December 2021. "Supertramp - Give a Little Bit". Top ... "Supertramp - Give a Little Bit" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 11 December 2021. "Supertramp - Give a Little Bit" (in ... Give a Little Bit' with me. That was a magical moment." "Give a Little Bit" can also be found on Hodgson's album Classics Live ...
Free and open-source software portal Bit-Twist is a libpcap-based packet generator and packet capture file modifier and ... Bit-Twist is commonly used to simulate network traffic to test firewall rules, IDS, and IPS. Bit-Twist runs on FreeBSD, NetBSD ... Bit-Twist allows you to regenerate packets from one or more pcap files. It also comes with a comprehensive pcap file editor to ... Bit-Twist official website (Articles needing additional references from September 2009, All articles needing additional ...
The opening theme is "killing bites" by fripSide, and the ending theme is "Kedamono Damono" (ケダモノダモノ) by Kitsunetsuki. Amazon ... After the Killing Bites tournament, Shido orders her to assassinate Nomoto, much to her resistance. Yūya Nomoto (野本 裕也, Nomoto ... Killing Bites is written by Shinya Murata and illustrated by Kazuasa Sumita. It has been serialized in Hero's Inc. seinen manga ... The "Killing Bites" battles have been the decisive turning points in the Japanese economy since ancient times. Hitomi is ...
Other common features may include an anterior open bite, taurodontism, sensitivity of teeth. Differential diagnosis would ... "Open bite deformity in amelogenesis imperfecta. Part 1: An analysis of contributory factors and implications for treatment". ...
Rilling, Deanna (December 21, 2009). "Nite Bite: Smokin' Hot grand opening". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved May 12, 2023. Clarke, ... The opening was initially scheduled for April 21, 1999. Adelson had wanted it to open a week earlier to accommodate convention- ... A soft opening was eventually scheduled for May 3, 1999. A private opening ceremony was held that morning and attended by ... County inspections delayed the public opening until 12:45 a.m. the following day. It was one of three new resorts to open on ...
Halfacree, Gareth (June 9, 2014). "Early id Software game engines open-sourced". bit-gamer. Archived from the original on ... He has also contributed to open-source projects, such as starting the initial port of the X Window System to Mac OS X Server ... It is possible that some of the source ports wouldn't have been as open, but I'm pretty sure there would have been more total ... My partners would never have gone for it, though... I touched on that recently with the comment about open source culture and ...
"Open Very Carefully: A Book with Bite". Publishers Weekly. PWxyz LLC. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2022. "Open Very ... Open Very Carefully: A Book With Bite! is a 2013 children's picture book by Nick Bromley and illustrated by Nicola O'Byrne. It ... "Open Very Carefully -A Book With Bite! Nick Bromley and Nicola O'Byrne". northsomersetteachersbookaward.com. The North Somerset ... Open Very Carefully won the 2014 Waterstones Children's Book Prize for picture books, was shortlisted for the 2014 UKLA Book ...
Bridgwater, Adrian (5 March 2008). "Cobra takes a bite at open source". ZDNet UK. Retrieved 2010-08-31. Neward, Ted (June 2009 ... Cobra is an open-source project; it was released under the MIT License on February 29, 2008. Object-oriented Namespaces Classes ... Free and open-source software portal Cobra is a discontinued general-purpose, object-oriented programming language. Cobra is ... Krill, Paul (Feb 7, 2008). "Cobra language slithering to open source". InfoWorld. Retrieved 2010-08-31. "The Cobra Programming ...
Macy, Robert (January 3, 1997). "Bite of Big Apple opens in Vegas today". Reno Gazette-Journal. p. 20. Archived from the ... When the ride opened, riders had to be at least 46 inches (120 cm) tall; this height restriction has since been increased to 54 ... Opened in 1997, it is the only roller coaster by Japanese roller coaster manufacturer TOGO still operating in North America. ... It was one of only two roller coasters in the world to feature a heartline roll and dive when it opened. The ride was conceived ...
Gray, Will (9 July 2019). "Daly withdraws from Open after suffering spider bite". Golf Channel. "The Open 2019: Kevin Na out ... Tiger Woods hit his highest first round score in the Open, a seven-over 78. J. B. Holmes opened with 66 for a one-shot lead ... The 2019 Open Championship was the 148th Open Championship, played 18-21 July at Royal Portrush Golf Club in County Antrim, ... Length of the course for the previous Open: 1951: 6,802 yards (6,220 m), par 72 The Open Championship field was made up of 156 ...
Trouten, J. C.; Enlow, D. H.; Rabine, M.; Phelps, A. E.; Swedlow, D. (1983). "Morphologic factors in open bite and deep bite". ... the movement of bone happens towards the open-end of the V. Enlow's Counterpart Principle states that growth of one bone in the ...
"A quick bagel bite that's open all day". Metro International. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved January ...
"Malocclusion - difference between overbite, overjet and open bite". 2 June 2017. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM, eds. ... This is where there is no contact between the biting surfaces of the incisor teeth. This prevents both biting and incising. ... This established that all forms of a bad bite were premised on a natural redundancy of premolar, and in particular third molar ... In 1895 Edward Angle, a mid-North American dentist, published a book on the classification of bad bites - a term he latinised ...
"WG14-N3022 : Modern Bit Utilities". open-std.org. 2022-07-06. Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. "WG14-N2833 : ... "WG14-N2763 : Adding a Fundamental Type for N-bit integers" (PDF). open-std.org. 2021-06-21. Archived (PDF) from the original on ... "WG14-N2867 : Checked N-Bit Integers" (PDF). open-std.org. 2021-11-28. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2022. " ... add stdc_bit_ceil*() to determine the smallest integral power of 2 that is not less than value. add stdc_bit_width*() to ...
Berke, Ned (March 4, 2013). "Marine Park's Long-Awaited Green Community Center Now Open!". Sheepshead Bites. Archived from the ... including the Brooklyn Open and the Jamaica Open NY Golf Tournament. New ballfields were opened in 1979 and named for baseball- ... A new nature center opened in 2000, and the Carmine Carro Community Center opened in 2013. The park's playground, several ... A 210-acre (0.85 km2) golf course opened in 1963,: 213 and the John V. Lindsay Model Airport was dedicated in 1971. The golf ...
Bite was a production show which opened at the Stratosphere Las Vegas Hotel & Casino in August 2004 and closed October 2013. ... Bite was an 18 years or older show and featured topless dancers. Bite was produced by Molyneux Entertainment and played six ... Las Vegas Sun article, Transfusion enlivens 'Bite' at Stratosphere Theater of the Stars [1] Bite Celebrates Six Years Press ... Official website Las Vegas Sun Vegas.com BITE at the Stratosphere Bite on the Travel Channel (Articles lacking in-text ...
The bite can be characteristically open on that side. Bilateral thrust This occurs when the tongue pushes between the back ... An anterior open bite is a common malocclusion associated with this type of tongue thrusting pattern, especially in the ... People who exhibit a tongue thrust often present with open bites; the force of the tongue against the teeth is an important ... Sometimes, the only teeth that touch are the molars, with the bite completely open on both sides including the anterior teeth. ...
Rin, Kira (20 October 2012). "Denmark Open 2012 SF - Chinese ladies bite the dust". Badzine. Archived from the original on 14 ... They later won five tournaments in a row, started in the Australia Open in April; the Indonesia and Singapore Opens in June, ... Ahsan and his partner, Hendra Setiawan opened the 2023 season at the Malaysia Open, but defeated in the quarter-finals round to ... Regala, Emzi (15 June 2014). "Japan Open 2014 Finals - Lee Yong Dae returns to capture 1st Japan Open gold". Badzine. Archived ...
"Fixing an Open Bite: Are Braces the Only Answer? , Byte®". www.byte.com. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-28. Mani P, ... Mandibular setback surgery is a surgical procedure performed along the occlusal plane to prevent bite opening on the anterior ... Complications include bite changes, nerve injuries and relapse. Bite changes occur in 20.3% of the cases post-setback surgery. ... After surgery, the change in the position of the tongue affects the position of the jaw, leading to bite changes. Bite changes ...
When this malocclusion occurs at the front teeth it is known as anterior open bite. An open bite is difficult to treat due to ... there are many other more common causes for open bites (such as tongue thrusting and thumb sucking) and likewise for deep bites ... An open bite is a condition characterised by a complete lack of overlap and occlusion between the upper and lower incisors. In ... This is particularly so for an anterior open bite. Therefore, it is important to carry out a thorough initial assessment in ...
"Mandelbulber ::: 3D fractal explorer ::: open source / 64-bit / ray marcher". mandelbulber.com. Retrieved 2017-01-27. " ... Leela Zero, open source replication of Alpha Go Zero using OpenCL for neural network computation. Advanced Simulation Library ( ... "Collaboration and Open Source at AMD: LibreOffice". 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2021-07-09. Collabora also provide support and long ... "Collaboration and Open Source at AMD: LibreOffice - AMD". AMD. 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2017-01-27. "OpenCL Options - LibreOffice ...
Closet door opens just a bit. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 20, 2010. June-July 2010. 150 Reasons to Have Pride in ... Outlook doesn't limit its partners to gay-owned or gay-themed advertisers but also gay-friendly or straight owned but open- ... Events are free and open to the public. Straight couples are welcome, too. Ohio's first print and digital LGBT wedding guide & ...
"Designers' Council Opens Door a Bit". The New York Times. December 9, 1997. p. 14. Retrieved March 31, 2020. "2008 Annual ... In 1997, the CFDA Awards made a decision to open its doors to younger and upcoming designers. Nominations are submitted by the ...
Sharko, Greg (16 January 2009). "DEUCE Australian Open 2009 Shark Bites". ATP World Tour. Retrieved 2012-06-15. Ubha, Ravi (30 ... By beating Lleyton Hewitt in the third round of 2009 French Open, Nadal (2005-09 French Open) set a record of 31 consecutive ... He defeated Novak Djokovic in the final for his fifth consecutive win, a record in the open era. Nadal is the first male player ... After winning two clay-court Masters, he participated in the Madrid Open. He lost to Roger Federer in the final. This was the ...
... an open marketplace located in the capital city Skopje. A series of accounts exist as to what took place thereafter. In one ... Bit Pazar shooting or Bit Pazar incident took place on 6 November 1992. At the time, it was an event that weakened the ... with the Bit Pazar shooting as the work of organised elements, in reference to criminality and Albanian ethnicity. The Bit ... The incident at Bit Pazar, nonetheless, placed the majority of people in Tetovo and Skopje in a warlike atmosphere. People kept ...
Jones, Kenneth (April 25, 2006). "Lestat Takes a Bite Out of Broadway, Opening April 25". Playbill. BWW News Desk. "Photos: ... "Lestat opens on Broadway-to harsh reviews". The Advocate. April 27, 2006. Brantley, Ben (April 26, 2006). "Lestat - Review - ... The musical transferred to Broadway and opened at the Palace Theater on March 25, 2006 and closed on May 28, 2006, after 33 ... "Elton John Musical Lestat Will Take a Bite Out of San Francisco in Late 2005". Playbill. Simonson, Robert (May 23, 2006). " ...
Used in patients with open bite and bimaxillary protrusion cases. This appliance can be used with headgear in patients with ...
Patient with skeletal open bites that accompany dental open bites may have Adenoid faces or Long face syndrome. They are said ... This is more likely to occur in segments where there may be unilateral open bite or open bite related to one or more teeth. ... However, this is not accompanied by the skeletal tendency of having an open bite. Thus this type of open bite may happen in ... Different authors have described the open bite in a variety of ways. Some authors have suggested that open bite often arises ...
The Canadian beauty brand-which is totally natural-opens a lipstick experience in Toronto. ... Bite Beauty Lip Lab is open to the public and the event space should be open by the end of the year. 678 Queen St. W., Toronto ... Bite Beauty opens a retail location in Toronto. Sep 28, 2016. By: Alexandra Donaldson ... Bite Beauty opens a retail location in Toronto. Sep 28, 2016. By: Alexandra Donaldson ...
Novena, the open-hardware laptop designed by noted hacker Andrew Bunnie Huang, has smashed its crowd-funding goal of $250,000 ... Tags: #andrew-huang #bunnie #crowd-funding #crowdfunding #fpga #open-hardware Companies: #andrew-bunnie-huang #arm #novena # ... Later in April, Bunnie unveiled stretch goals that included the promise of open-source 2D and 3D acceleration drivers, a ... While not exactly the most portable device around, the hardware and software are both fully open - including full documentation ...
Artificial Intelligence/1 - Bit Learner. From Wikibooks, open books for an open world ... Assume a circuit that has 1 bit input and one bit output the output can be of the following forms ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial_Intelligence/1_-_Bit_Learner&oldid=3222318" ...
OpenVPN is a free, open source VPN client for Windows that allows user to connect a desktop PC to a secured company network ...
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BIT) from the BIT student body. There are those within the student body that feel iQualifys downtime and functionality make it ... This is a petition to the course admin at The Open Polytechnic of New Zealands Bachelor of Information Technology ( ... This is a petition to the course admin at The Open Polytechnic of New Zealands Bachelor of Information Technology (BIT) from ... Please sign this petition requesting that the course administration of Open Polytechnics BIT make available PDFs of all course ...
When an Open Airway Leads to an Open Bite. Jan 15, 2020 , Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Oral Appliances , 0 , ... "No matter if you can recapture the bite or not, keeping the airway open is more important than a patients bite," Murphy says. ... Oral appliances may lead to a posterior open bite, shown above (normal bite below). ... can cause an open bite.2. While clinically occlusal changes can be significant, theyre often a case of millimeters of change- ...
The oldest bit of Toronto subway opened 50 years ago. By Chris Bateman ... Clair Ave.. Boston and New York had recently opened similar systems, and Hocken was keen to ensure Toronto kept up. ... viaduct system shortly after the opening of the Bloor-Danforth line in 1965. Courtesy: City of Toronto Archives.. ... Thank foresighted planning (and a bit of luck) for those spectacular views of Don Valley from your subway seat. ...
... just opened in Germany. Its the first building of its kind in the whole world. ... Green Tech: First Ever Bio-Adaptive Algae-Powered Building Opens. Diana Adams 11 years ago ... 2023 Bit Rebels. All rights reserved. Reproduction without explicit permission is prohibited. ...
Open bite is an unpleasant orthodontic condition where there is a gap between your upper and lower teeth. Learn more about open ... Open Bite Symptoms. The main symptom of an open bite is a gap between your upper and lower teeth. Some individuals have no ... Open bite is most prevalent in Asia with 7.79% affected. In America, only 3.09% have open bite ... How Long Does It Take To Correct an Open Bite?. With the right treatment, you may correct your open bite in one to two years. ...
Meet the real stars of the Olympic opening ceremony, a cow called Gabriella (whos a bit of a diva) and a goose called Gordon ... The Olympic opening ceremony was a breeze for Gordon and his flock, who earned their acting stripes under the direction of ... 7-year-old working sheepdog Jess outperformed her kennel-mate Kim to be the only sheepdog to feature in the opening ceremony. ... Forget James Bond, Kenneth Branagh and the Queen - the real stars of Danny Boyles Olympic Opening Ceremony were a cow called ...
OPEN ROAD INTEGRATED MEDIA. *We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising ...
Airport is now home to nine new options for travelers to grab a bite, sip some coffee or shop some snacks or new threads. The ... Related to New Bites, Coffee Brews, and Businesses Open at N Concourse. ... Stepping into the Modern SEA Airport! First Gates Open in Long-Awaited Modernized and Expanded North Satellite. Just shy of ... Airport is now home to nine new options for travelers to grab a bite, sip some coffee or shop some snacks or new threads. The ...
In the world of the 8-bit video game, there may be no more a frustrating, Sisyphusean task than completing the various ... Support Open Culture. Were hoping to rely on our loyal readers rather than erratic ads. To support Open Cultures educational ... For more 8-Bit Philosophy, see our posts on Plato, Sartre, Derrida, as well as Kierkegaard and Camus, all illustrated in short ... Open Culture scours the web for the best educational media. We find the free courses and audio books you need, the language ...
Open Writing. Openwriting Web magazine features a feast of words from regular columnists, U3A writers and other authors. Every ... Skidmores Island: A Rare Bit. "The Welsh were invented by an ancestor of mine, a Pictish chieftain called Cunnedda, writes ...
TWO BITES TOO MANY (SARAH BLAIR MYSTERY #2) BY DEBRA H. GOLDSTEIN: BOOK REVIEW. ... Tag: Two Bites Too Many. Nov 1. Nov 2. ...
If the open bite is not corrected while the child is growing, then jaw surgery may be required to correct the bite.. RELATED , ... Prolonged thumb-sucking turns into a habit that can cause a dental and even a skeletal open bite. If the habit ceases while the ... Prolonged thumb-sucking can cause a dental and even a skeletal open bite. ... the dental open bite can self-correct, but sometimes the help of a dentist or an orthodontist is required to correct the ...
No spider bite or fainting spell at the US Open for Tommy Paul and his family. Just another win by: HOWARD FENDRICH, Associated ... Paul beat Shelton when they met in the Australian Open quarterfinals in January; they teamed up in doubles at the Miami Open ... Entering the 2022 U.S. Open, Paul never had won a match at the place. Then he claimed a pair of five-setters before bowing out ... 14 seed, earned a debut appearance in the fourth round at the U.S. Open by hitting 15 aces and getting broken just once during ...
No spider bite or fainting spell at the US Open for Tommy Paul and his family. Just another win by: HOWARD FENDRICH, Associated ... Paul beat Shelton when they met in the Australian Open quarterfinals in January; they teamed up in doubles at the Miami Open ... Entering the 2022 U.S. Open, Paul never had won a match at the place. Then he claimed a pair of five-setters before bowing out ... 14 seed, earned a debut appearance in the fourth round at the U.S. Open by hitting 15 aces and getting broken just once during ...
Explore Open Banking API: a technology that enhances financial data management, enabling seamless and secure online money ... Understanding Open Banking APIBenefits of Open Banking APIOpen Banking API StandardsTypes of Open Banking APIsOpen Banking ... How To Implement Open Banking API. To implement open banking APIs, you must follow the guidelines set by the Open Banking ... But what is open banking API?. Open banking APIs help financial institutions share customer data safely. In open banking, banks ...
A few days before opening, a staff of 15 was busy turning out lunches at a soft opening for their LCC colleagues. The room ... Bite Club: Vermonts Food & Drink Blog « Farahs Place Has Closed - For Now , Main , Grazing: Country-politan with Boggy Meadow ... South End Kitchen to Open Next Week in Burlington. Posted by Corin Hirsch on January 15, 2014 at 06:37 PM in Restaurant News, ... Chef Sarah Langan has created a subtly French-inflected locavore menu for South End Kitchen, which will be open daily from 7 a. ...
Microsofts Latest Open Bit: More Interop. This morning Microsoft pushed itself further along the rails to openness with ,a ... On the other side of the fence, the more open source people want that access, but they want it in a more open source way. The ... Ultimately, for both the open source and Microsoft people to be happy, Microsoft cant become more open because Euros will sue ... Personally, Im a bit less cagey with Microsoft on this issue. As every, Im more interested in sizing people and corporate ...
Vinotecas festive patio is open. That means bocce, outdoor drinking and a new menu highlighting housemade hot dogs and burgers ... Share All sharing options for: Vinotecas Patio is Open; Alligator Bites at the Gryphon ... U STREET- Vinotecas festive patio is open. That means bocce, outdoor drinking and a new menu highlighting housemade hot dogs ... DUPONT CIRCLE- Alligator bites that taste like Korean fried chicken? Killer. Have a taste at the new gastropub The Gryphon. [ ...
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  • Open bite is a type of orthodontic malocclusion which has been estimated to occur in 0.6% of the people in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "open bite" was coined by Carevelli in 1842 as a distinct classification of malocclusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Open bite malocclusion can happen due to several reasons. (wikipedia.org)
  • An open bite is a type of malocclusion that causes a gap between the lower and upper teeth-it's a condition that affects many, and is not always easy to treat depending on its severity. (nwph.net)
  • An open bite malocclusion is a condition of misaligned teeth, where the anterior teeth or posterior teeth do not touch in the front or back of the mouth when the jaw is shut. (nwph.net)
  • This case report describes the treatment of a severe anterior open bite, Class III malocclusion with a history of digit sucking. (banglajol.info)
  • Open bite is a type of malocclusion characterized by the presence of a vertical gap visible in the front teeth. (kline-europe.com)
  • [ 9 ] The maxilla is hypoplastic with a high-arched palate, class III malocclusion with an anterior open bite, and, frequently, a cleft of the soft palate. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] Some factors that may cause an open bite are: Tongue thrusting Thumb sucking Long-term usage of Pacifier Macroglossia Airway obstruction Adenoid hypertrophy Nasal concha Hypertrophy The link between AOB and non-nutritive sucking habits like finger and pacifier sucking has been proven. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anterior open can be caused by functional habits such as digit sucking, tongue thrust or long-term pacifier use. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. Thumb sucking or pacifier habit: Prolonged habit of sucking on the thumb or pacifier till the ages of 6 years or more may cause the front teeth to procline forwards causing an open bite. (kline-europe.com)
  • Anterior open bite (AOB) is defined as a condition in which there is no contact and no vertical overlap of the lower incisor crown with the upper incisor crown when the mandible is in full occlusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • An anterior open bite occurs in humans when the front teeth fail to touch and there is no overlap between upper incisors and lower incisors. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1 A separate study found significant decreases in anterior and posterior overbites with long-term oral appliance use, which, particularly for normal or shallow baseline overbite patients, can cause an open bite. (sleepreviewmag.com)
  • Anterior open bite occurs when your incisors do not meet, while posterior open bites feature a gap between one or more molars. (nwph.net)
  • An anterior open bite affects your front teeth, making it the more visible type. (nwph.net)
  • Anterior open bites mostly involve a gap between your incisors and canines, but your molars may fit together normally. (nwph.net)
  • An anterior open bite may involve more vertical growth in the molar area or less eruption of the front teeth [1]. (nwph.net)
  • Sometimes, posterior open bite occurs in familial clusters, pointing to a stronger genetic effect than for anterior open bite. (nwph.net)
  • He had an anterior open bite of 11 mm, a reverse overjet of 8 mm, and a transverse maxillary deficiency on right side. (banglajol.info)
  • The orthognathic surgery was elected as an option of treatment to correct the anterior open bite with improvement of facial profile. (banglajol.info)
  • Anterior open bite: There is a gap between the front teeth of the upper and lower jaw as the upper and lower front teeth fail to overlap on closing the mouth. (kline-europe.com)
  • Anterior open bite affects the appearance of the face and speech. (kline-europe.com)
  • Aim: To evaluate if the constricted airway passage, measured by the nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) width, has a correlation to anterior open bite. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 43 patients with anterior open bite (26 with mixed dentition and 17 with permanent dentition) and 30 patients with overbite (15 with mixed dentition and 15 with permanent dentition) were obtained from de Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro for examination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusions: All patients with anterior open bite had reduced NP and OP measures compared to overbite patients, in spite of dentition. (bvsalud.org)
  • Open bite is a common dental problem in which a gap is formed between the upper and lower anterior/front teeth. (dentaldictionary.org)
  • According to Subtelny , Open Bite is defined as the open vertical dimension between the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. (dentaldictionary.org)
  • this produces an anterior open bite. (medscape.com)
  • Oral appliances may lead to a posterior open bite, shown above (normal bite below). (sleepreviewmag.com)
  • A posterior open bite occurs when the molars and premolars don't touch when biting down. (nwph.net)
  • Temporomandibular joint disorders and ankylosis , where fusion to the bone prevents permanent teeth from erupting, are two other causes that can be involved in a posterior open bite. (nwph.net)
  • Additionally, rare disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy may lead to posterior open bite through poor muscle strength and tone [2]. (nwph.net)
  • Tongue thrust was thought to be another oral habit that led to open bite, but the intermittent nature of this habit may not be enough to shift tooth positioning forward. (nwph.net)
  • 2. Other habits like tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, chewing on objects such as a pencil, etc. may also contribute towards malalignment of teeth and consequent open bite. (kline-europe.com)
  • Similarly, although antiviral prophylaxis is routinely prescribed to persons bitten by rhesus monkeys, there is not a single report of herpes B virus infection in a human outside the laboratory/zoo context, although thousands of persons are likely bitten by macaques in Asia every year ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In the earlier age, open bite may occur due to a transitional change from primary to the permanent dentition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Open bite can occur by many reasons which are listed below. (dentaldictionary.org)
  • In contrast, zoonotic transmission of simian foamy virus, a retrovirus ubiquitous in nonhuman primates, has been shown to occur from macaques to humans, probably through monkey bites, although this virus has not been shown to cause disease in humans ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Most bites occur on the hand or foot. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When digit sucking habit is present in the late primary to early mixed dentition stages, it can lead to different side-effects such as upper teeth flaring out, lower teeth flaring in, increase in the open bite and the overjet. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Open bite patients, the overjet and overbite is completely disturbed. (dentaldictionary.org)
  • The major habitual cause of open bite is thumb sucking and other types of non-nutritive sucking (NNS). (nwph.net)
  • Prolonged thumb-sucking turns into a habit that can cause a dental and even a skeletal open bite. (dentistryiq.com)
  • As mentioned, open bite affects the facial appearance. (kline-europe.com)
  • We will understand how it happens, How open bite affects the surrounding structure of teeth and what is the treatment of open bite. (dentaldictionary.org)
  • The venom of coral snakes affects nervous system activity but causes little damage to tissue around the bite. (msdmanuals.com)
  • At lunchtime, diners can nosh on open-faced sandwiches - aka tartines - including one topped with Tuscan white-bean spread, cucumbers, radish and watercress. (blogs.com)
  • If the habit ceases while the child is still growing, the dental open bite can self-correct, but sometimes the help of a dentist or an orthodontist is required to correct the position of the teeth and align the jaws. (dentistryiq.com)
  • It is another self harming habit leading to formation of open bite. (dentaldictionary.org)
  • Habit breaking appliances are given to treat the cause of open bite. (dentaldictionary.org)
  • In mild open bite, effects are almost un noticeable but it shows the following effects in moderate to severe condition. (dentaldictionary.org)
  • Severe envenomation can cause damage to the bitten extremity, bleeding, and vital organ damage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Moderate or severe pit viper poisoning commonly causes bruising of the skin 3 to 6 hours after the bite. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Animals that inject harmful toxins by biting or stinging are called venomous, while the term poisonous refers to exposure to toxins by eating the animal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Introduction to Bites and Stings Many creatures, including humans, bite when frightened or provoked. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If a person has an open bite, there will be a vertical gap between the upper and lower teeth when the teeth/ jaws are at rest. (kline-europe.com)
  • Please sign this petition requesting that the course administration of Open Polytechnic's BIT make available PDFs of all course content currently available on the iQualify platform. (ipetitions.com)
  • Remove obstructive jewelry and clothing from the have an open wound. (cdc.gov)
  • In the case of open bite, a longer facial structure is implicated, where there is more vertical growth or less horizontal growth. (nwph.net)
  • Think about it, a seemingly harmless act as a child can change the facial form of the child for life and result in various respiratory, dental, and speech problems - the child would have difficulty with something as simple as biting into a sandwich or a pizza slice. (dentistryiq.com)
  • Open bites can involve the front teeth or back teeth, and originate from the bone structure or tooth alignment. (nwph.net)
  • An open bite is generally seen in the front teeth region. (kline-europe.com)
  • Since the front teeth generally are present in a proclined state in an open bite and they look like they're sticking out. (kline-europe.com)
  • While a skeletal open bite is caused by genetics resulting in malformation of the jaw or skull (or both), dental open bites are simply issues with the formation and placement of the teeth [1]. (nwph.net)
  • Open bite is generally caused when the teeth are not aligned properly. (kline-europe.com)
  • Additionally, others have contended that open bite is identified by end-on incisal relationships. (wikipedia.org)
  • An open bite may also be a result of harmful habits like mouth breathing. (kline-europe.com)
  • Bit SMTP plugin allows you to authenticate the mail service of your site by configuring the SMTP server of your desired mail service. (wordpress.org)
  • Join our new community Bit Integrations & get updates of our new plugin. (wordpress.org)
  • We are open for freelance work/custom development for this plugin. (wordpress.org)
  • schakel de Bit File Manager plugin in voor frontend gebruikers. (wordpress.org)
  • This article will explain open banking APIs and how they work. (bitstudios.com)
  • You will also have a better chance of using open banking APIs safely. (bitstudios.com)
  • Open banking APIs help financial institutions share customer data safely. (bitstudios.com)
  • One open banking APIs benefit is offering better customer engagement. (bitstudios.com)
  • Financial institutions can use open banking APIs to provide customers with better services. (bitstudios.com)
  • Open bank APIs allow consumers to access their banking information and services in one place. (bitstudios.com)
  • Open bank APIs give consumers greater control over their financial data. (bitstudios.com)
  • Microsoft's strategy for living in the open source realities of today has been two-forked: (a.) partner with 3rd parties to integrate with and "do" open source rather than get it's own hands dirty, and, (b.) allow other software to interoperate with Microsoft software via open formats and standards or APIs. (redmonk.com)
  • A 'light up walk path' inside the 8-Bit Bites restaurant in Johnson City on August 14, 2023. (wnbf.com)
  • The 8-Bit Bites website describes the concept as 'a 100% Halal restaurant that brings the nostalgia of the 80's and 90's. (wnbf.com)
  • This new brewery opened its doors in April 2022 at The Fuge in Warminster - a spot where space, history, and craft beer collide in a spectacular setting! (visitbuckscounty.com)
  • Lastly, some researchers have stated that a lack of incisal contact must be present to diagnose an open bite. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment of an open bite is complex and long-term stability is difficult to achieve, making it a challenging condition due to the high risk of vertical relapse, regardless of the treatment method used or the retention protocol followed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on your age and the severity of open bite, an orthodontist may recommend a treatment plan specific to your needs. (kline-europe.com)
  • Without treatment, tissue around the bite may be destroyed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It may be genetic in nature, leading to a skeletal open bite or can be caused by functional habits which may lead to dental open bite. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results: Open bite patients showed significant decreased mean NP and OP values compared to overbite patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chef Sarah Langan has created a subtly French-inflected locavore menu for South End Kitchen, which will be open daily from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. (blogs.com)
  • It is usually spread through a bite, scratch or when infected saliva comes in contact with an open wound. (cdc.gov)
  • Not all bites inject venom, but if the wound oozes, venom was probably injected. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lack of labial seal was observed in all open bite patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genetics may be responsible for an open bite present since childhood. (kline-europe.com)
  • The Canadian beauty brand, which is made with totally natural ingredients, opens a lipstick lab in Toronto. (canadianliving.com)
  • The brand has opened its second location (the first is in New York) in Toronto-but don't expect a regular, run-of-the-mill retail experience. (canadianliving.com)
  • Four decades before completion of the Yonge line, Canada's first subway, Toronto mayor Horatio Hocken proposed building a covered trench to carry streetcars from the waterfront to the city limit at St. Clair Ave.. Boston and New York had recently opened similar systems, and Hocken was keen to ensure Toronto kept up. (spacing.ca)
  • Open Bite is diagnosed by panoramic radiograph of the whole mouth which is also known as OPG . (dentaldictionary.org)
  • 7. Ask patient to open mouth. (medscape.com)
  • It helps them open financial apps without logging out to others. (bitstudios.com)
  • Again, the intention is making it easier ("better," above) for other software folks - open or closed - to work with Microsoft products, esp. (redmonk.com)
  • Measures of NP and OP were evaluated according to the McNamara's soft tissue analysis and were correlated with the presence of open bite or overbite. (bvsalud.org)
  • The venom of rattlesnakes and other pit vipers damages tissue around the bite. (msdmanuals.com)
  • OpenVPN is a free, open source VPN client for Windows that allows user to connect a desktop PC to a secured company network with ease. (afterdawn.com)
  • NEW YORK (AP) - When Tommy Paul was a kid growing up in Greenville, North Carolina, his family would drive the 500 or so miles up to New York the week before the U.S. Open to watch qualifying matches - "It was free," he notes - and catch a glimpse of some pros practicing. (abc4.com)
  • 1 ), we concur that combat-related deaths and illness are a greater risk than monkey bites for deployed military personnel. (cdc.gov)
  • Some individuals have no other symptoms, particularly if there is only a slight open bite. (nwph.net)
  • Children with open bites often stick to soft foods past the usual age, as eating chewy or crunchy food is too difficult [1]. (nwph.net)
  • A few days before opening, a staff of 15 was busy turning out lunches at a soft opening for their LCC colleagues. (blogs.com)
  • Khan and his team seemed pleased with the initial response from the first guests who stopped by the new eatery during what is billed as a 'soft opening. (wnbf.com)
  • RV.Net Open Roads Forum: Can I add a bit of hose between drain and macerator? (rv.net)
  • ODP2 is the open drain control SFR for P2. (keil.com)
  • When ODP2.x=1, the P2.x output driver works in open drain mode. (keil.com)
  • In summary, I read his position as, Office's functionality, including backward compatibility over 10+ years, is so great and complex that it'd be impossible to actually do anything meaningful with open Office standards alone. (redmonk.com)
  • Later in April, Bunnie unveiled stretch goals that included the promise of open-source 2D and 3D acceleration drivers, a general-purpose break-out board, a ROM chip emulation board, and a software-defined radio (SDR) module. (bit-tech.net)
  • Of course, if you're in the IHateMSFT part of the open source world, you'll quickly be pulling apart that second part with all sorts of replies using the word "patent. (redmonk.com)
  • Microsoft is providing a covenant not to sue open source developers for development or non-commercial distribution of implementations of these protocols. (redmonk.com)
  • For Fedora this is not possible with the given chart library, given that it is not open source and therefore not acceptable as per ​ http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing . (edgewall.org)
  • Sometimes people with an open bite have a lisp in their speech or other speech problems. (kline-europe.com)
  • There may be other external problems responsible for the development of open bite too. (kline-europe.com)
  • Shortcode Support : Shortcode support for Bit File Manager to post it anywhere on your website. (wordpress.org)
  • Bite is made by Bite, we've got our lab experience, and then having an event space that is more about the social experience than it is the retail one. (canadianliving.com)
  • The idea is that you can "sit, have a glass on wine, have a sweet and savoury bite and then go through the personal experience of picking colour and watching how lipstick is made. (canadianliving.com)