Small metal or ceramic attachments used to fasten an arch wire. These attachments are soldered or welded to an orthodontic band or cemented directly onto the teeth. Bowles brackets, edgewise brackets, multiphase brackets, ribbon arch brackets, twin-wire brackets, and universal brackets are all types of orthodontic brackets.
Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
An adhesion procedure for orthodontic attachments, such as plastic DENTAL CROWNS. This process usually includes the application of an adhesive material (DENTAL CEMENTS) and letting it harden in-place by light or chemical curing.
The internal resistance of a material to moving some parts of it parallel to a fixed plane, in contrast to stretching (TENSILE STRENGTH) or compression (COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH). Ionic crystals are brittle because, when subjected to shear, ions of the same charge are brought next to each other, which causes repulsion.
Dental cements composed either of polymethyl methacrylate or dimethacrylate, produced by mixing an acrylic monomer liquid with acrylic polymers and mineral fillers. The cement is insoluble in water and is thus resistant to fluids in the mouth, but is also irritating to the dental pulp. It is used chiefly as a luting agent for fabricated and temporary restorations. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p159)
Techniques used for removal of bonded orthodontic appliances, restorations, or fixed dentures from teeth.
A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.
The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.
A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
Preparation of TOOTH surfaces and DENTAL MATERIALS with etching agents, usually phosphoric acid, to roughen the surface to increase adhesion or osteointegration.
Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric acids are listed under ORGANOPHOSPHATES.
The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.
The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.
Wires of various dimensions and grades made of stainless steel or precious metal. They are used in orthodontic treatment.
Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Substances that cause the adherence of two surfaces. They include glues (properly collagen-derived adhesives), mucilages, sticky pastes, gums, resins, or latex.
One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and the molars (MOLAR), serving for grinding and crushing food. The upper have two cusps (bicuspid) but the lower have one to three. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p822)
Substances used to bond COMPOSITE RESINS to DENTAL ENAMEL and DENTIN. These bonding or luting agents are used in restorative dentistry, ROOT CANAL THERAPY; PROSTHODONTICS; and ORTHODONTICS.
The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.
Water-soluble low-molecular-weight polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid that form solid, insoluble products when mixed with specially prepared ZnO powder. The resulting cement adheres to dental enamel and is also used as a luting agent.
Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.
Acrylic resins, also known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), are a type of synthetic resin formed from polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers, used in various medical applications such as dental restorations, orthopedic implants, and ophthalmic lenses due to their biocompatibility, durability, and transparency.
Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.
The hardening or polymerization of bonding agents (DENTAL CEMENTS) via exposure to light.
Products made by baking or firing nonmetallic minerals (clay and similar materials). In making dental restorations or parts of restorations the material is fused porcelain. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
A property of the surface of an object that makes it stick to another surface.
A polymer obtained by reacting polyacrylic acid with a special anion-leachable glass (alumino-silicate). The resulting cement is more durable and tougher than others in that the materials comprising the polymer backbone do not leach out.
A solution used for irrigating the mouth in xerostomia and as a substitute for saliva.
Surface resistance to the relative motion of one body against the rubbing, sliding, rolling, or flowing of another with which it is in contact.
Further or repeated use of equipment, instruments, devices, or materials. It includes additional use regardless of the original intent of the producer as to disposability or durability. It does not include the repeated use of fluids or solutions.
Light sources used to activate polymerization of light-cured DENTAL CEMENTS and DENTAL RESINS. Degree of cure and bond strength depends on exposure time, wavelength, and intensity of the curing light.
A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.
Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry.
Compounds similar to hydrocarbons in which a tetravalent silicon atom replaces the carbon atom. They are very reactive, ignite in air, and form useful derivatives.
An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.
A generic term for all substances having the properties of stretching under tension, high tensile strength, retracting rapidly, and recovering their original dimensions fully. They are generally POLYMERS.
Magnesium oxide (MgO). An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.
The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
Preparation of TOOTH surfaces, and of materials bonded to teeth or DENTAL IMPLANTS, with agents and methods which roughen the surface to facilitate adhesion. Agents include phosphoric or other acids (ACID ETCHING, DENTAL) and methods include LASERS.
Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Fluorides, usually in pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of DENTAL CARIES.
Diamond. A crystalline form of carbon that occurs as hard, colorless or tinted isomeric crystals. It is used as a precious stone, for cutting glass, and as bearings for delicate mechanisms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Lasers which use a solid, as opposed to a liquid or gas, as the lasing medium. Common materials used are crystals, such as YAG (YTTRIUM aluminum garnet); alexandrite; and CORUNDUM, doped with a rare earth element such as a NEODYMIUM; ERBIUM; or HOLMIUM. The output is sometimes additionally modified by addition of non-linear optical materials such as potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, which for example is used with neodymium YAG lasers to convert the output light to the visible range.
The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)
Failure of equipment to perform to standard. The failure may be due to defects or improper use.
Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc.
Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluoride (tin difluoride). The latter is used in the prevention of dental caries.
A type of porcelain used in dental restorations, either jacket crowns or inlays, artificial teeth, or metal-ceramic crowns. It is essentially a mixture of particles of feldspar and quartz, the feldspar melting first and providing a glass matrix for the quartz. Dental porcelain is produced by mixing ceramic powder (a mixture of quartz, kaolin, pigments, opacifiers, a suitable flux, and other substances) with distilled water. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Mentha is a genus of the mint family (LAMIACEAE). It is known for species having characteristic flavor and aroma.
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries.
Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.
Cements that act through infiltration and polymerization within the dentinal matrix and are used for dental restoration. They can be adhesive resins themselves, adhesion-promoting monomers, or polymerization initiators that act in concert with other agents to form a dentin-bonding system.
Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.
Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)
Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth.
Chemical reaction in which monomeric components are combined to form POLYMERS (e.g., POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE).
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)
Skills, techniques, standards, and principles used to improve the art and symmetry of the teeth and face to improve the appearance as well as the function of the teeth, mouth, and face. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p108)
The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.
The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property.

In vitro comparison of the retention capacity of new aesthetic brackets. (1/419)

Tensile bond strength and bond failure location were evaluated in vitro for two types of aesthetic brackets (non-silanated ceramic, polycarbonate) and one stainless steel bracket, using bovine teeth as the substrate and diacrylate resin as the adhesive. The results show that metallic bracket had the highest bond strength (13.21 N) followed by the new plastic bracket (12.01 N), which does not require the use of a primer. The non-silanated ceramic bracket produced the lowest bond strength (8.88 N). Bond failures occurred mainly between bracket and cement, although a small percentage occurred between the enamel-cement interface with the metal and plastic brackets and within the cement for the plastic bracket. With the ceramic bracket all the failures occurred at the bracket-cement interface. This suggests that the problems of enamel lesions produced by this type of bracket may have been eliminated. The results also show that the enamel/adhesive bond is stronger than the adhesive/bracket bond in this in vitro study.  (+info)

Multi-bracket appliance in management of mandibular reconstruction with vascularized bone graft. (2/419)

BACKGROUND: The most commonly used tool for maxillo-mandibular fixation to the patient who underwent reconstruction using a vascularized bone graft after mandibular resection is a dental arch-bar. However, the occlusal relationship achieved by this method is not ideal. Different from the dental arch-bar, the multi-bracket appliance which is frequently used in orthodontic treatment can control the position of each individual tooth three dimensionally. Thus, this appliance was applied for maxillo-mandibular fixation to patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction using a vascularized bone graft. METHODS: A multi-bracket appliance was applied to three patients. Prior to the surgery, standard edgewise brackets were bonded to the teeth in the maxilla and in the remaining mandible. After mandibular resection, wires for maxillo-mandibular fixation were applied. The harvested bone was then carefully fixed with miniplates to maintain the occlusion. The multi-bracket appliance was worn for 3 months when the wound contraction became mild. RESULTS: All three cases demonstrated stable and good occlusion. They also demonstrated satisfactory post-surgical facial appearance. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional dental arch-bars, a multi-bracket appliance offers improved management of mandibular reconstruction. Firstly, its properties are helpful in maintaining occlusion of the remaining dentition accurately in bone grafting procedure as well as protecting against postsurgical wound contraction. Secondly, the multi-bracket appliance keeps the oral cavity clean without periodontal injury. As a result, stable occlusion of the residual teeth and good facial appearance were obtained.  (+info)

Thermal image analysis of electrothermal debonding of ceramic brackets: an in vitro study. (3/419)

This study used modern thermal imaging techniques to investigate the temperature rise induced at the pulpal well during thermal debonding of ceramic brackets. Ceramic brackets were debonded from vertically sectioned premolar teeth using an electrothermal debonding unit. Ten teeth were debonded at the end of a single 3-second heating cycle. For a further group of 10 teeth, the bracket and heating element were left in contact with the tooth during the 3-second heating cycle and the 6-second cooling cycle. The average pulpal wall temperature increase for the teeth debonded at the end of the 3-second heating cycle was 16.8 degrees C. When the heating element and bracket remained in contact with the tooth during the 6-second cooling cycle an average temperature increase of 45.6 degrees C was recorded.  (+info)

Super pulse CO2 laser for bracket bonding and debonding. (4/419)

A super pulse and a normal pulse CO2 laser were used to carry out enamel etching and bracket debonding in vitro and in vivo. The shear bond strength of the orthodontic brackets attached to laser-etched and conventional chemically-etched extracted premolars was measured. The pulp cavity temperature was also measured using the same laser irradiation conditions as the shear test. Both super pulse and normal pulse CO2 laser etching resulted in a lower shear bond strength (super pulse: 6.9 +/- 3.4 kg, normal pulse: 9.7 +/- 5.2 kg) than that of chemical etching (15.3 +/- 2.8 kg). Furthermore, the super pulse CO2 laser was able to create debonding at 2 watts within a period of less than 4 seconds (2.9 +/- 0.9 seconds). The super pulse, when irradiating the ceramic brackets from above, during debonding showed a 1.4 degrees C temperature increase in the dental pulp at 2 watts and an increase of 2.1 degrees C at 3 watts. While etching, directly irradiating the enamel surface at 3 watts, the dental pulp showed a temperature increase of 3.5 degrees C. These temperature increases were within the physiologically acceptable limits of the pulp. These results indicate that, in orthodontic treatments, super pulse CO2 laser debonding is more useful than laser etching.  (+info)

Influence of archwire and bracket dimensions on sliding mechanics: derivations and determinations of the critical contact angles for binding. (5/419)

There is every indication that classical friction controls sliding mechanics below some critical contact angle, theta c. Once that angle is exceeded, however, binding and notching phenomena increasingly restrict sliding mechanics. Using geometric archwire and bracket parameters, the theta c is calculated as the boundary between classical frictional behaviour and binding-related phenomena. What these equations predict is independent of practitioner or technique. From these derivations two dimensionless numbers are also identified as the bracket and the engagement index. The first shows how the width of a bracket compares to its Slot; the second indicates how completely the wire fills the Slot. When nominal wire and bracket dimensions are calculated for both standard Slots, the maximum theta c theoretically equals 3.7 degrees. Thus, knowledge of the archwire or bracket alone is insufficient; knowledge of the archwire-bracket combination is necessary for theta c to be calculated. Once calculated, sliding mechanics should be initiated only after the contact angle, theta, approaches the characteristic value of theta c for the particular archwire-bracket combination of choice--that is, when theta approximately theta c.  (+info)

An ex vivo investigation into the bond strength of orthodontic brackets and adhesive systems. (6/419)

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of Adhesive Precoated Brackets (APC) with that of two types of uncoated bracket bases, Straight-Wire and Dyna-Lock. Two types of orthodontic adhesives were used, Transbond XT and Right-On. Three different curing times were evaluated with the APC brackets in order to find the best. Adhesive remnants on the enamel surface following debond were evaluated using the Adhesive Remnant Index (Artun and Bergland, 1984). Bond strengths ranged from 11.00 to 22.08 MPa. For both types of brackets Transbond produced a significant increase in bond strength compared to Right-On. The Dyna-Lock/Right-On combination produced the poorest results. APC brackets cured for 40 s had similar bond strengths to uncoated brackets fixed by means of Transbond. Overall, 79 per cent of specimens had less than half the tooth surface covered with adhesive following debond. Significantly more adhesive remained on tooth surfaces following debond of the Straight-Wire/Right-On group than any other bracket/adhesive combination. Bond strengths were higher with light-cured Transbond than with chemically-cured Right-On. When Transbond is used in association with APC brackets a 40-second cure time is recommended.  (+info)

The effects of sandblasting on the bond strength of molar attachments--an in vitro study. (7/419)

This study evaluated the effect of sandblasting foil mesh molar tube bases on the shear bond strength obtained when bonding to first molar teeth. Fifty-two recently extracted first molar teeth were etched with 35 per cent phosphoric acid gel for 30 seconds. Twenty-six sandblasted 'A' Company molar tube attachments and 26 non-sandblasted attachments were then bonded to the teeth using Phase II orthodontic bonding resin. After storage in water for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, the specimens were debonded in a direction parallel to the buccal surface. Survival analysis using the Weibull function revealed that for a 90 per cent probability of survival, the predicted bond strengths for sandblasted and non-sandblasted bases were 1.76 and 1.66 MPa, respectively. For larger shear stresses, the probabilities of bond survival with sandblasted molar tubes were greater than with non-sandblasted molar tubes although the differences were small, which may be explained by the large proportion of bond failures which occurred at the resin to enamel interface in both groups. It was concluded that sandblasting foil mesh bases is likely to provide only a minimal improvement in clinical performance when bonding to molar teeth.  (+info)

Distortion of metallic orthodontic brackets after clinical use and debond by two methods. (8/419)

The objective of this paper was to compare distortion of the tie wings and bases of metallic orthodontic brackets following clinical use and after debond by either of two methods, and took the form of a prospective random control trial. Five-hundred-and-seven brackets were debonded using either bracket removing pliers or a lift off debonding instrument (LODI). By a system of random allocation contralateral opposing quadrants were debonded with a 0.019 x 0.025-inch archwire either in place or removed. After debond brackets were tested for slot closure by the fit of rectangular test wires from 0.016 x 0.022 to 0.021 x 0.025 inch in size. The LODI produced few slot closures sufficient to affect the fit of all but the largest test wire. Bracket removing pliers used after removal of the archwire produced significantly greater numbers of distorted brackets in response to testing with all but the largest wire. With the 0.021 x 0.025 inch wire in place the presence or absence of the archwire at the time of debond made no difference to the number of slot closures. Ten per cent of the brackets debonded using bracket removing pliers had distorted bases, no base damage was produced by the LODI. The use of bracket removing pliers at debond caused significantly more slot closures than use of the LODI. When bracket removing pliers are used the archwire should be left in place at the time of debond since this reduces the number of distortions.  (+info)

Orthodontic brackets are small square attachments that are bonded to the teeth or bands that are attached to the back molars. They have a slot in which the orthodontic archwire fits and is held in place. The bracket can be made of stainless steel, ceramic, plastic or a combination of these materials. They play an essential role in moving the teeth into the desired position during orthodontic treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Stainless Steel" is not a medical term. It is a type of steel that contains at least 10.5% chromium content by mass, and usually contains nickel as well. The chromium forms a passive film that protects the metal from corrosion and staining. Stainless steel is widely used in various industries including medicine, for example, in medical equipment and surgical instruments due to its resistance to rust and corrosion.

Dental bonding is a cosmetic dental procedure in which a tooth-colored resin material (a type of plastic) is applied and hardened with a special light, which ultimately "bonds" the material to the tooth to improve its appearance. According to the American Dental Association (ADA), dental bonding can be used for various purposes, including:

1. Repairing chipped or cracked teeth
2. Improving the appearance of discolored teeth
3. Closing spaces between teeth
4. Protecting a portion of the tooth's root that has been exposed due to gum recession
5. Changing the shape and size of teeth

Dental bonding is generally a quick and painless procedure, often requiring little to no anesthesia. The surface of the tooth is roughened and conditioned to help the resin adhere properly. Then, the resin material is applied, molded, and smoothed to the desired shape. A special light is used to harden the material, which typically takes only a few minutes. Finally, the bonded material is trimmed, shaped, and polished to match the surrounding teeth.

While dental bonding can be an effective solution for minor cosmetic concerns, it may not be as durable or long-lasting as other dental restoration options like veneers or crowns. The lifespan of a dental bonding procedure typically ranges from 3 to 10 years, depending on factors such as oral habits, location of the bonded tooth, and proper care. Regular dental checkups and good oral hygiene practices can help extend the life of dental bonding.

Shear strength is a property of a material that describes its ability to withstand forces that cause internal friction and sliding of one portion of the material relative to another. In the context of human tissues, shear strength is an important factor in understanding how tissues respond to various stresses and strains, such as those experienced during physical activities or injuries.

For example, in the case of bones, shear strength is a critical factor in determining their ability to resist fractures under different types of loading conditions. Similarly, in soft tissues like ligaments and tendons, shear strength plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of these structures during movement and preventing excessive deformation or injury.

It's worth noting that measuring the shear strength of human tissues can be challenging due to their complex structure and anisotropic properties. As such, researchers often use specialized techniques and equipment to quantify these properties under controlled conditions in the lab.

Resin cements are dental materials used to bond or cement restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances, to natural teeth or implants. They are called "resin" cements because they are made of a type of synthetic resin material that can be cured or hardened through the use of a chemical reaction or exposure to light.

Resin cements typically consist of three components: a base, a catalyst, and a filler. The base and catalyst are mixed together to create a putty-like consistency, which is then applied to the restoration or tooth surface. Once the cement is in place, it is exposed to light or allowed to chemically cure, which causes it to harden and form a strong bond between the restoration and the tooth.

Resin cements are known for their excellent adhesive properties, as well as their ability to withstand the forces of biting and chewing. They can also be color-matched to natural teeth, making them an aesthetically pleasing option for dental restorations. However, they may not be suitable for all patients or situations, and it is important for dental professionals to carefully consider the specific needs and conditions of each patient when choosing a cement material.

Dental debonding is a dental procedure that involves the removal or separation of orthodontic appliances, such as brackets and bands, from the surface of teeth. This process is typically performed by an orthodontist or dentist using specialized tools to carefully remove the bonding material that attaches the appliance to the tooth without causing damage to the tooth enamel. Debonding is usually done after the completion of orthodontic treatment, such as when braces are removed. It may also be necessary in cases where an appliance becomes loose or damaged and needs to be replaced.

Dental alloys are materials made by combining two or more metals to be used in dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, fillings, and orthodontic appliances. These alloys can be classified into three main categories based on their composition:

1. Precious Alloys: Predominantly composed of precious metals like gold, platinum, palladium, and silver. They are highly corrosion-resistant, biocompatible, and durable, making them suitable for long-term use in dental restorations. Common examples include high noble (gold) alloys and noble alloys.
2. Base Metal Alloys: Contain primarily non-precious metals like nickel, chromium, cobalt, and beryllium. They are more affordable than precious alloys but may cause allergic reactions or sensitivities in some patients. Common examples include nickel-chromium alloys and cobalt-chromium alloys.
3. Castable Glass Ionomer Alloys: A combination of glass ionomer cement (GIC) powder and metal liquid, which can be cast into various dental restorations. They have the advantage of being both strong and adhesive to tooth structure but may not be as durable as other alloy types.

Each type of dental alloy has its unique properties and applications, depending on the specific clinical situation and patient needs. Dental professionals consider factors like cost, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and esthetics when selecting an appropriate alloy for a dental restoration.

Dental stress analysis is a method used in dentistry to evaluate the amount and distribution of forces that act upon teeth and surrounding structures during biting, chewing, or other functional movements. This analysis helps dental professionals identify areas of excessive stress or strain that may lead to dental problems such as tooth fracture, mobility, or periodontal (gum) disease. By identifying these areas, dentists can develop treatment plans to reduce the risk of dental issues and improve overall oral health.

Dental stress analysis typically involves the use of specialized equipment, such as strain gauges, T-scan occlusal analysis systems, or finite element analysis software, to measure and analyze the forces that act upon teeth during various functional movements. The results of the analysis can help dentists determine the best course of treatment, which may include adjusting the bite, restoring damaged teeth with crowns or fillings, or fabricating custom-made oral appliances to redistribute the forces evenly across the dental arch.

Overall, dental stress analysis is an important tool in modern dentistry that helps dental professionals diagnose and treat dental problems related to occlusal (bite) forces, ensuring optimal oral health and function for their patients.

Dental enamel is the hard, white, outermost layer of a tooth. It is a highly mineralized and avascular tissue, meaning it contains no living cells or blood vessels. Enamel is primarily composed of calcium and phosphate minerals and serves as the protective covering for the crown of a tooth, which is the portion visible above the gum line.

Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, and its primary function is to provide structural support and protection to the underlying dentin and pulp tissues of the tooth. It also plays a crucial role in chewing and biting by helping to distribute forces evenly across the tooth surface during these activities.

Despite its hardness, dental enamel can still be susceptible to damage from factors such as tooth decay, erosion, and abrasion. Once damaged or lost, enamel cannot regenerate or repair itself, making it essential to maintain good oral hygiene practices and seek regular dental checkups to prevent enamel damage and protect overall oral health.

Acid etching in dental terminology refers to a surface treatment technique used in dentistry, particularly for bonding procedures. This process involves the application of a mild acid (usually phosphoric or maleic acid) onto the enamel or dentin surface of a tooth. The acid etches the surface by selectively removing the minerals and creating microscopic irregularities or porosities.

This etched surface provides an increased surface area and better mechanical retention for bonding agents, resin composites, or dental cements. As a result, the bond between the tooth and the restorative material becomes stronger and more durable. Acid etching is widely used in various dental procedures such as direct and indirect tooth-colored restorations, veneers, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic attachments.

Phosphoric acids are a group of mineral acids known chemically as orthophosphoric acid and its salts or esters. The chemical formula for orthophosphoric acid is H3PO4. It is a weak acid that partially dissociates in solution to release hydrogen ions (H+), making it acidic. Phosphoric acid has many uses in various industries, including food additives, fertilizers, and detergents.

In the context of medical definitions, phosphoric acids are not typically referred to directly. However, they can be relevant in certain medical contexts, such as:

* In dentistry, phosphoric acid is used as an etching agent to prepare tooth enamel for bonding with dental materials.
* In nutrition, phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including energy metabolism, bone and teeth formation, and nerve function. Phosphoric acid is one form of phosphorus found in some foods and beverages.
* In medical research, phosphoric acids can be used as buffers to maintain a stable pH in laboratory experiments or as reagents in various analytical techniques.

Orthodontic appliance design refers to the creation and development of medical devices used in orthodontics, which is a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of dental and facial irregularities. The design process involves creating a customized treatment plan for each patient, based on their specific needs and goals.

Orthodontic appliances can be removable or fixed and are used to move teeth into proper alignment, improve jaw function, and enhance the overall appearance of the smile. Some common types of orthodontic appliances include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, and retainers.

The design of an orthodontic appliance typically involves several factors, including:

1. The specific dental or facial problem being addressed
2. The patient's age, overall health, and oral hygiene habits
3. The patient's lifestyle and personal preferences
4. The estimated treatment time and cost
5. The potential risks and benefits of the appliance

Orthodontic appliance design is a complex process that requires a thorough understanding of dental anatomy, biomechanics, and materials science. It is typically performed by an orthodontist or a dental technician with specialized training in this area. The goal of orthodontic appliance design is to create a device that is both effective and comfortable for the patient, while also ensuring that it is safe and easy to use.

I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.

In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.

Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.

Orthodontic wires are typically made of stainless steel, nickel-titanium alloy, or other shape memory alloys, and are used in orthodontics to move teeth into the desired position. They are attached to brackets bonded to the teeth and exert a continuous force to align the teeth and correct malocclusions (bites that do not fit together correctly). The wires come in various sizes, shapes, and materials, each with specific properties that make them suitable for different stages of treatment. Some wires are flexible and used during the initial alignment phase, while others are more rigid and used during the finishing phase to achieve precise tooth movements.

Aluminum silicates are a type of mineral compound that consist of aluminum, silicon, and oxygen in their chemical structure. They are often found in nature and can be categorized into several groups, including kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and bentonite. These minerals have various industrial and commercial uses, including as fillers and extenders in products like paper, paint, and rubber. In the medical field, certain types of aluminum silicates (like bentonite) have been used in some medicinal and therapeutic applications, such as detoxification and gastrointestinal disorders. However, it's important to note that the use of these minerals in medical treatments is not widely accepted or supported by extensive scientific evidence.

Adhesives are substances that are used to bind two surfaces together. They can be composed of a variety of materials, including natural substances like tree sap or animal glue, or synthetic substances like cyanoacrylates (super glues) or epoxies. Adhesives can be classified based on their chemical composition, how they cure (set), and their properties such as strength, flexibility, and resistance to environmental factors. In a medical context, adhesives may be used in a variety of applications, such as wound closure, securing medical devices, or attaching bandages or dressings. It's important to choose the right type of adhesive for each application to ensure proper adhesion, safety, and effectiveness.

A bicuspid valve, also known as a mitral valve in the heart, is a heart valve that has two leaflets or cusps. It lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle and helps to regulate blood flow between these two chambers of the heart. In a healthy heart, the bicuspid valve opens to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle and closes tightly to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium during contraction of the ventricle.

A congenital heart defect known as a bicuspid aortic valve occurs when the aortic valve, which normally has three leaflets or cusps, only has two. This can lead to narrowing of the valve (aortic stenosis) or leakage of the valve (aortic regurgitation), which can cause symptoms and may require medical treatment.

Dental cements are materials used in dentistry to bond or seal restorative dental materials, such as crowns, fillings, and orthodontic appliances, to natural tooth structures. They can be made from various materials including glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc oxide eugenol, polycarboxylate, and composite resins. The choice of cement depends on the specific clinical situation and the properties required, such as strength, durability, biocompatibility, and esthetics.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate (BPAGM) is a type of chemical compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycidyl methacrylates. It is created by the reaction between bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate.

BPAGM is used in various industrial applications, including the production of coatings, adhesives, and resins. In the medical field, it has been used as a component in some dental materials, such as bonding agents and composite resins. However, due to concerns about its potential health effects, including its possible estrogenic activity and potential to cause reproductive toxicity, its use in dental materials has become more restricted in recent years.

It is important to note that exposure to BPAGM should be limited as much as possible, and appropriate safety measures should be taken when handling this chemical compound.

Polycarboxylate cement is not a medical term, but rather refers to a type of hydraulic cement used in construction and engineering. It's a specialized kind of cement that contains polycarboxylate-based high-range water-reducing admixtures (HRWRAs). These admixtures improve the workability and durability of concrete by reducing the amount of water needed for mixing while maintaining or even enhancing the strength of the final product.

The use of polycarboxylate cement is not directly related to medical practice or patient care, but it may have indirect implications in medical fields such as construction safety, environmental health, and industrial medicine.

Surface properties in the context of medical science refer to the characteristics and features of the outermost layer or surface of a biological material or structure, such as cells, tissues, organs, or medical devices. These properties can include physical attributes like roughness, smoothness, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical properties like charge, reactivity, and composition.

In the field of biomaterials science, understanding surface properties is crucial for designing medical implants, devices, and drug delivery systems that can interact safely and effectively with biological tissues and fluids. Surface modifications, such as coatings or chemical treatments, can be used to alter surface properties and enhance biocompatibility, improve lubricity, reduce fouling, or promote specific cellular responses like adhesion, proliferation, or differentiation.

Similarly, in the field of cell biology, understanding surface properties is essential for studying cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and cell behavior. Cells can sense and respond to changes in their environment, including variations in surface properties, which can influence cell shape, motility, and function. Therefore, characterizing and manipulating surface properties can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular processes and offer new strategies for developing therapies and treatments for various diseases.

Acrylic resins are a type of synthetic polymer made from methacrylate monomers. They are widely used in various industrial, commercial, and medical applications due to their unique properties such as transparency, durability, resistance to breakage, and ease of coloring or molding. In the medical field, acrylic resins are often used to make dental restorations like false teeth and fillings, medical devices like intraocular lenses, and surgical instruments. They can also be found in orthopedic implants, bone cement, and other medical-grade plastics. Acrylic resins are biocompatible, meaning they do not typically cause adverse reactions when in contact with living tissue. However, they may release small amounts of potentially toxic chemicals over time, so their long-term safety in certain applications is still a subject of ongoing research.

Hydrofluoric acid is not typically considered a medical term, but rather a chemical one. However, it's important for medical professionals to be aware of its potential hazards and health effects.

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a highly corrosive and toxic liquid, which is colorless or slightly yellowish. It is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is used in various industries for etching glass, cleaning metal surfaces, manufacturing semiconductors, and in chemical research.

In terms of health effects, exposure to HF can cause severe burns and tissue damage. Even at very low concentrations, it can cause pain and irritation to the skin and eyes. Inhalation can lead to respiratory irritation, coughing, and choking. If ingested, it can be fatal due to its ability to cause deep burns in the gastrointestinal tract and potentially lead to systemic fluoride toxicity. Delayed medical attention can result in serious complications, including damage to bones and nerves.

Light-curing of dental adhesives refers to the process of using a special type of light to polymerize and harden the adhesive material used in dentistry. The light is typically a blue spectrum light, with a wavelength of approximately 460-490 nanometers, which activates a photoinitiator within the adhesive. This initiates a polymerization reaction that causes the adhesive to solidify and form a strong bond between the tooth surface and the dental restoration material, such as a filling or a crown.

The light-curing process is an important step in many dental procedures as it helps ensure the durability and longevity of the restoration. The intensity and duration of the light exposure are critical factors that can affect the degree of cure and overall strength of the bond. Therefore, it is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully when using dental adhesives and light-curing equipment.

In the field of medicine, ceramics are commonly referred to as inorganic, non-metallic materials that are made up of compounds such as oxides, carbides, and nitrides. These materials are often used in medical applications due to their biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand high temperatures. Some examples of medical ceramics include:

1. Bioceramics: These are ceramic materials that are used in medical devices and implants, such as hip replacements, dental implants, and bone grafts. They are designed to be biocompatible, which means they can be safely implanted into the body without causing an adverse reaction.
2. Ceramic coatings: These are thin layers of ceramic material that are applied to medical devices and implants to improve their performance and durability. For example, ceramic coatings may be used on orthopedic implants to reduce wear and tear, or on cardiovascular implants to prevent blood clots from forming.
3. Ceramic membranes: These are porous ceramic materials that are used in medical filtration systems, such as hemodialysis machines. They are designed to selectively filter out impurities while allowing essential molecules to pass through.
4. Ceramic scaffolds: These are three-dimensional structures made of ceramic material that are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They provide a framework for cells to grow and multiply, helping to repair or replace damaged tissues.

Overall, medical ceramics play an important role in modern healthcare, providing safe and effective solutions for a wide range of medical applications.

'Adhesiveness' is a term used in medicine and biology to describe the ability of two surfaces to stick or adhere to each other. In medical terms, it often refers to the property of tissues or cells to adhere to one another, as in the case of scar tissue formation where healing tissue adheres to adjacent structures.

In the context of microbiology, adhesiveness can refer to the ability of bacteria or other microorganisms to attach themselves to surfaces, such as medical devices or human tissues, which can lead to infection and other health problems. Adhesives used in medical devices, such as bandages or wound dressings, also have adhesiveness properties that allow them to stick to the skin or other surfaces.

Overall, adhesiveness is an important property in many areas of medicine and biology, with implications for wound healing, infection control, and the design and function of medical devices.

Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs) are a type of dental restorative material that have the ability to chemically bond to tooth structure. They are composed of a mixture of silicate glass powder and an organic acid, such as polyacrylic acid. GICs have several clinical applications in dentistry, including as a filling material for small to moderate sized cavities, as a liner or base under other restorative materials, and as a cement for securing crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances.

GICs are known for their biocompatibility, caries inhibition, and adhesion to tooth structure. They also have the ability to release fluoride ions, which can help protect against future decay. However, they are not as strong or wear-resistant as some other dental restorative materials, such as amalgam or composite resin, so they may not be suitable for use in high-load bearing restorations.

GICs can be classified into two main types: conventional and resin-modified. Conventional GICs have a longer setting time and are more prone to moisture sensitivity during placement, while resin-modified GICs contain additional methacrylate monomers that improve their handling properties and shorten their setting time. However, the addition of these monomers may also reduce their fluoride release capacity.

Overall, glass ionomer cements are a valuable dental restorative material due to their unique combination of adhesion, biocompatibility, and caries inhibition properties.

Artificial saliva is a synthetic solution that mimics the chemical composition and properties of natural saliva. It is often used for patients with dry mouth (xerostomia) caused by conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome, radiation therapy, or certain medications that reduce saliva production. Artificial saliva may contain ingredients like carboxymethylcellulose, mucin, and electrolytes to provide lubrication, moisture, and pH buffering capacity similar to natural saliva. It can help alleviate symptoms associated with dry mouth, such as difficulty speaking, swallowing, and chewing, as well as protect oral tissues from irritation and infection.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "friction" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Friction is a physical concept that describes the force that resists the sliding of one surface over another. It is commonly described as the "roughness" between two surfaces. While friction can have effects on various biological processes and medical devices, it does not have a unique medical meaning in and of itself.

I cannot provide a medical definition for "equipment reuse" as it is not a term that is commonly used in the medical field. However, I can give you some general information about equipment reuse in healthcare settings.

Equipment reuse refers to the practice of using previously owned or disposable medical equipment and supplies multiple times after they have been sterilized or disinfected according to established protocols. This practice is often adopted by healthcare facilities as a way to reduce costs, conserve resources, and minimize waste.

Examples of medical equipment that may be reused include anesthesia breathing circuits, blood pressure cuffs, stethoscopes, and electronic thermometers. It's important to note that any reprocessed or reused medical equipment must undergo strict cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization procedures to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers.

Reusing medical equipment can have benefits such as reducing costs and waste, but it also carries risks if not done properly. Proper training and adherence to established protocols are crucial to ensuring that reused equipment is safe for use.

Curing lights, dental, are specialized devices used in dentistry to initiate the polymerization (hardening) of light-cured restorative materials, such as composite resins and sealants. These lights emit high-intensity, visible blue light with a wavelength range typically between 450-490 nanometers. This blue light activates photoinitiators within the dental material, which then undergo a chemical reaction that causes the material to harden and solidify.

There are two primary types of curing lights used in dental practice:

1. Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) Lamps: These are traditional curing lights that use a halogen bulb to produce the necessary light intensity. They provide a broad spectrum of light, which allows them to cure a wide variety of materials. However, they tend to produce more heat and have a shorter lifespan compared to newer alternatives.
2. Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) Curing Lights: These are more modern curing lights that utilize LEDs as the light source. They offer several advantages over QTH lamps, including cooler operation, longer lifespan, and lower energy consumption. Additionally, some LED curing lights can emit higher light intensities, which may lead to shorter curing times and better polymerization of the restorative material.

Proper use of dental curing lights is essential for ensuring optimal physical and mechanical properties of the restored teeth, such as strength, wear resistance, and marginal seal.

Tooth demineralization is a process that involves the loss of minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, from the hard tissues of the teeth. This process can lead to the development of dental caries or tooth decay. Demineralization occurs when acids produced by bacteria in the mouth attack the enamel of the tooth, dissolving its mineral content. Over time, these attacks can create holes or cavities in the teeth. Fluoride, found in many toothpastes and public water supplies, can help to remineralize teeth and prevent decay. Good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing regularly, can also help to prevent demineralization by removing plaque and bacteria from the mouth.

Composite resins, also known as dental composites or filling materials, are a type of restorative material used in dentistry to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure. They are called composite resins because they are composed of a combination of materials, including a resin matrix (usually made of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate) and filler particles (commonly made of silica, quartz, or glass).

The composite resins are widely used in modern dentistry due to their excellent esthetic properties, ease of handling, and ability to bond directly to tooth structure. They can be used for a variety of restorative procedures, including direct and indirect fillings, veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns.

Composite resins are available in various shades and opacities, allowing dentists to match the color and translucency of natural teeth closely. They also have good wear resistance, strength, and durability, making them a popular choice for both anterior and posterior restorations. However, composite resins may be prone to staining over time and may require more frequent replacement compared to other types of restorative materials.

Silanes are a group of chemical compounds that contain silicon and hydrogen. The general formula for silanes is Si_xH_(2x+2), where x is a positive integer. Silanes are named after their parent compound, silane (SiH4), which contains one silicon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

Silanes are colorless and highly flammable gases at room temperature. They are typically prepared by the reaction of metal silicides with acids or by the reduction of halogenated silanes. Silanes have a variety of industrial applications, including as intermediates in the production of silicon-based materials such as semiconductors and polymers.

In medical contexts, silanes are not typically used directly. However, some silane-containing compounds have been investigated for their potential therapeutic uses. For example, some organosilanes have been shown to have antimicrobial properties and may be useful as disinfectants or in the development of medical devices. Other silane-containing materials have been studied for their potential use in drug delivery systems or as imaging agents in diagnostic procedures.

It is important to note that some silanes can be hazardous if not handled properly, and they should only be used by trained professionals in a controlled environment. Exposure to silanes can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects.

Aluminum oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Al2O3. It is also known as alumina and it is a white solid that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. Aluminum oxide is highly resistant to corrosion, has a high melting point, and is an electrical insulator.

In the medical field, aluminum oxide is used in a variety of applications such as:

1. Dental crowns and implants: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of dental crowns and implants due to its strength and durability.
2. Orthopedic implants: Aluminum oxide is used in some types of orthopedic implants, such as knee and hip replacements, because of its biocompatibility and resistance to wear.
3. Medical ceramics: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of medical ceramics, which are used in various medical devices such as pacemakers and hearing aids.
4. Pharmaceuticals: Aluminum oxide is used as an excipient in some pharmaceutical products, such as tablets and capsules, to improve their stability and shelf life.
5. Medical research: Aluminum oxide is used in medical research, for example, as a substrate material for growing cells or as a coating material for medical devices.

It's important to note that while aluminum oxide has many useful applications in the medical field, exposure to high levels of aluminum can be harmful to human health. Therefore, it is important to use aluminum oxide and other aluminum-containing materials safely and according to established guidelines.

Elastomers are a type of polymeric material that exhibit elastic behavior when subjected to deforming forces. They have the ability to return to their original shape and size after being stretched or compressed, making them ideal for use in applications where flexibility, resilience, and durability are required.

Elastomers are composed of long chains of repeating molecular units called monomers, which are cross-linked together to form a three-dimensional network. This cross-linking gives elastomers their unique properties, such as high elasticity, low compression set, and resistance to heat, chemicals, and weathering.

Some common examples of elastomers include natural rubber, silicone rubber, neoprene, nitrile rubber, and polyurethane. These materials are used in a wide range of applications, from automotive parts and medical devices to footwear and clothing.

Magnesium oxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula MgO. It is a white, odorless solid that is highly basic and stable. Medically, magnesium oxide is used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. It is also used as a antacid to neutralize stomach acid and as a laxative to relieve constipation.

Corrosion is a process of deterioration or damage to a material, usually a metal, caused by chemical reactions with its environment. In the medical context, corrosion may refer to the breakdown and destruction of living tissue due to exposure to harsh substances or environmental conditions. This can occur in various parts of the body, such as the skin, mouth, or gastrointestinal tract, and can be caused by factors like acid reflux, infection, or exposure to chemicals.

In the case of medical devices made of metal, corrosion can also refer to the degradation of the device due to chemical reactions with bodily fluids or tissues. This can compromise the function and safety of the device, potentially leading to complications or failure. Therefore, understanding and preventing corrosion is an important consideration in the design and use of medical devices made of metal.

Mechanical stress, in the context of physiology and medicine, refers to any type of force that is applied to body tissues or organs, which can cause deformation or displacement of those structures. Mechanical stress can be either external, such as forces exerted on the body during physical activity or trauma, or internal, such as the pressure changes that occur within blood vessels or other hollow organs.

Mechanical stress can have a variety of effects on the body, depending on the type, duration, and magnitude of the force applied. For example, prolonged exposure to mechanical stress can lead to tissue damage, inflammation, and chronic pain. Additionally, abnormal or excessive mechanical stress can contribute to the development of various musculoskeletal disorders, such as tendinitis, osteoarthritis, and herniated discs.

In order to mitigate the negative effects of mechanical stress, the body has a number of adaptive responses that help to distribute forces more evenly across tissues and maintain structural integrity. These responses include changes in muscle tone, joint positioning, and connective tissue stiffness, as well as the remodeling of bone and other tissues over time. However, when these adaptive mechanisms are overwhelmed or impaired, mechanical stress can become a significant factor in the development of various pathological conditions.

Dental etching is a dental procedure that involves the use of a chemical agent, such as phosphoric or maleic acid, to create microscopic roughness on the surface of teeth. This process is typically used to prepare the tooth enamel for the application of bonding agents, such as dental adhesives and composite resins, which are used in various restorative and cosmetic dental procedures, such as fillings, veneers, and crowns.

During dental etching, the chemical agent is applied to the tooth surface for a specific amount of time, usually between 15-60 seconds, depending on the strength of the acid and the desired level of etching. The acid dissolves the minerals in the enamel, creating small pores or irregularities that increase the surface area and improve the bonding of the restorative material to the tooth. After etching, the tooth is rinsed with water and dried, and the bonding agent is applied and cured to create a strong and durable bond between the restoration and the tooth.

Dental etching is a safe and effective procedure when performed by a trained dental professional. However, over-etching or improper use of the acid can weaken the tooth structure and lead to sensitivity or other complications. Therefore, it is important to follow proper techniques and guidelines for dental etching to ensure optimal outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Cariostatic agents are substances or medications that are used to prevent or inhibit the development and progression of dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities. These agents work by reducing the ability of bacteria in the mouth to produce acid, which can erode the enamel and dentin of the teeth and lead to cavities.

There are several types of cariostatic agents that are commonly used in dental care, including:

1. Fluorides: These are the most widely used and well-studied cariostatic agents. They work by promoting the remineralization of tooth enamel and making it more resistant to acid attacks. Fluoride can be found in toothpaste, mouthwashes, gels, varnishes, and fluoridated water supplies.
2. Antimicrobial agents: These substances work by reducing the population of bacteria in the mouth that contribute to tooth decay. Examples include chlorhexidine, triclosan, and xylitol.
3. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP): This is a complex protein that has been shown to help remineralize tooth enamel and reduce the risk of dental caries. It can be found in some toothpastes and mouthwashes.
4. Silver diamine fluoride: This is a topical fluoride compound that contains silver ions, which have antimicrobial properties. It has been shown to be effective in preventing and arresting dental caries, particularly in high-risk populations such as young children and older adults with dry mouth.

It's important to note that while cariostatic agents can help reduce the risk of tooth decay, they are not a substitute for good oral hygiene practices such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting the dentist regularly.

Topical fluorides are a form of fluoride that are applied directly to the teeth to prevent dental caries (cavities). They are available in various forms such as toothpastes, gels, foams, and varnishes. Topical fluorides work by strengthening the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria in the mouth. They can also help to reverse early signs of decay. Regular use of topical fluorides, especially in children during the years of tooth development, can provide significant protection against dental caries.

I believe you are asking for a medical explanation or definition of the term "diamond" in a medical context. However, I should clarify that "diamond" is not a commonly used medical term for a specific disease, condition, or diagnostic feature. It's essential to provide more information if it relates to a particular medical concept or usage.

In general, the term "diamond" refers to a clear and colorless form of carbon with a crystalline structure in which each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming a tetrahedral shape. It's widely known for its use as a valuable gemstone due to its exceptional hardness, brilliance, and fire.

However, there are some tangential medical connections to the term "diamond." For example:

1. Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA): A rare congenital bone marrow failure disorder characterized by a decrease in red blood cell production. It is named after Drs. Louis Diamond and Kenneth Blackfan, who first described it.
2. Turner syndrome with XY sex chromosomes: A rare genetic condition where an individual has only one functional X chromosome instead of the typical pair (XX) found in females. Occasionally, these individuals may have a Y chromosome fragment, often referred to as "mosaic Turner syndrome with XY cells" or "XY gonadal dysgenesis." In this context, the term "XY" is sometimes metaphorically described as a "genetic male's 'diamond in the rough'" due to its rarity and unique characteristics.

If you have more information about how the term "diamond" is being used in your specific medical context, I would be happy to help further clarify or provide additional details.

Solid-state lasers are a type of laser that uses solid materials as the gain medium – the material that amplifies the light energy to produce laser emissions. In contrast to gas or liquid lasers, solid-state lasers use a crystal, ceramic, or glass as the gain medium. The active laser medium in solid-state lasers is typically doped with rare earth ions, such as neodymium (Nd), yttrium (Y), erbium (Er), or thulium (Tm).

The most common type of solid-state laser is the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. In this laser, neodymium ions are doped into a crystal lattice made up of yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (YAG). The Nd:YAG laser emits light at a wavelength of 1064 nanometers (nm), which can be frequency-doubled to produce emissions at 532 nm.

Solid-state lasers have several advantages over other types of lasers, including high efficiency, long lifetimes, and compact size. They are widely used in various applications, such as material processing, medical treatments, scientific research, and military technology.

Tensile strength is a material property that measures the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) stress that a material can withstand before failure, such as breaking or fracturing. It is usually measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). In the context of medical devices or biomaterials, tensile strength may be used to describe the mechanical properties of materials used in implants, surgical tools, or other medical equipment. High tensile strength is often desirable in these applications to ensure that the material can withstand the stresses and forces it will encounter during use.

Equipment failure is a term used in the medical field to describe the malfunction or breakdown of medical equipment, devices, or systems that are essential for patient care. This can include simple devices like syringes and thermometers, as well as complex machines such as ventilators, infusion pumps, and imaging equipment.

Equipment failure can have serious consequences for patients, including delayed or inappropriate treatment, injury, or even death. It is therefore essential that medical equipment is properly maintained, tested, and repaired to ensure its safe and effective operation.

There are many potential causes of equipment failure, including:

* Wear and tear from frequent use
* Inadequate cleaning or disinfection
* Improper handling or storage
* Power supply issues
* Software glitches or bugs
* Mechanical failures or defects
* Human error or misuse

To prevent equipment failure, healthcare facilities should have established policies and procedures for the acquisition, maintenance, and disposal of medical equipment. Staff should be trained in the proper use and handling of equipment, and regular inspections and testing should be performed to identify and address any potential issues before they lead to failure.

Dental materials are substances that are used in restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and preventive dentistry to restore or replace missing tooth structure, improve the function and esthetics of teeth, and protect the oral tissues from decay and disease. These materials can be classified into various categories based on their physical and chemical properties, including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, cements, and alloys.

Some examples of dental materials include:

1. Amalgam: a metal alloy used for dental fillings that contains silver, tin, copper, and mercury. It is strong, durable, and resistant to wear but has been controversial due to concerns about the toxicity of mercury.
2. Composite: a tooth-colored restorative material made of a mixture of glass or ceramic particles and a bonding agent. It is used for fillings, veneers, and other esthetic dental treatments.
3. Glass ionomer cement: a type of cement used for dental restorations that releases fluoride ions and helps prevent tooth decay. It is often used for fillings in children's teeth or as a base under crowns and bridges.
4. Porcelain: a ceramic material used for dental crowns, veneers, and other esthetic restorations. It is strong, durable, and resistant to staining but can be brittle and prone to fracture.
5. Gold alloy: a metal alloy used for dental restorations that contains gold, copper, and other metals. It is highly biocompatible, corrosion-resistant, and malleable but can be expensive and less esthetic than other materials.
6. Acrylic resin: a type of polymer used for dental appliances such as dentures, night guards, and orthodontic retainers. It is lightweight, flexible, and easy to modify but can be less durable than other materials.

The choice of dental material depends on various factors, including the location and extent of the restoration, the patient's oral health status, their esthetic preferences, and their budget. Dental professionals must consider these factors carefully when selecting the appropriate dental material for each individual case.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tin Fluorides" is not a widely recognized medical term or concept. Tin (Sn) and Fluoride (F-) are both chemical elements that can form various compounds together, such as tin(II) fluoride (SnF2) and tin(IV) fluoride (SnF4). These compounds have uses in industrial applications, but they are not typically associated with medical definitions.

Tin(II) fluoride, for example, is used in some toothpastes and dental products as a fluoride source to help prevent tooth decay. However, it's important to note that the medical definition of a substance like this would be more focused on its clinical use or effect, rather than its chemical composition alone.

If you have any questions about specific tin-fluoride compounds and their potential uses or effects in a medical context, I would recommend consulting a healthcare professional or a reliable source of information on pharmaceuticals or medical treatments.

Dental porcelain is a type of biocompatible ceramic material that is commonly used in restorative and cosmetic dentistry to create tooth-colored restorations such as crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays, and bridges. It is made from a mixture of powdered porcelain and water, which is heated to high temperatures to form a hard, glass-like substance. Dental porcelain has several desirable properties for dental restorations, including:

1. High strength and durability: Dental porcelain is strong enough to withstand the forces of biting and chewing, making it suitable for use in load-bearing restorations such as crowns and bridges.
2. Natural appearance: Dental porcelain can be matched closely to the color, translucency, and texture of natural teeth, allowing for highly aesthetic restorations that blend seamlessly with the surrounding dentition.
3. Biocompatibility: Dental porcelain is biologically inert and does not cause adverse reactions or toxicity in the body, making it a safe choice for dental restorations.
4. Chemical resistance: Dental porcelain is resistant to staining and chemical attack from substances such as coffee, tea, red wine, and acidic foods and drinks.
5. Low thermal conductivity: Dental porcelain has low thermal conductivity, which means it does not transmit heat or cold readily, reducing the risk of temperature sensitivity in dental restorations.

Overall, dental porcelain is a versatile and reliable material for creating high-quality, natural-looking, and durable dental restorations.

"Mentha" is a genus name in botanical taxonomy, which includes various species of mint plants. While it's not a medical term per se, some mentha species have been used in traditional medicine and may be referenced in medical literature or natural health practices. The essential oils derived from these plants, such as peppermint (Mentha piperita) and spearmint (Mentha spicata), are often used in aromatherapy, topical applications, and as flavorings in oral care products and medications. They have been studied for potential benefits related to digestion, pain relief, and mental clarity, although more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish appropriate dosages and safety guidelines.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a type of electron microscopy that uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample and produce a high-resolution image. In SEM, a beam of electrons is scanned across the surface of a specimen, and secondary electrons are emitted from the sample due to interactions between the electrons and the atoms in the sample. These secondary electrons are then detected by a detector and used to create an image of the sample's surface topography. SEM can provide detailed images of the surface of a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and biological samples. It is commonly used in materials science, biology, and electronics for the examination and analysis of surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale.

Sodium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaF. Medically, it is commonly used as a dental treatment to prevent tooth decay, as it is absorbed into the structure of teeth and helps to harden the enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria. It can also reduce the ability of bacteria to produce acid. Sodium fluoride is often found in toothpastes, mouth rinses, and various dental treatments. However, excessive consumption can lead to dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis, which cause changes in bone structure and might negatively affect health.

Fluorides are ionic compounds that contain the fluoride anion (F-). In the context of dental and public health, fluorides are commonly used in preventive measures to help reduce tooth decay. They can be found in various forms such as sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and calcium fluoride. When these compounds come into contact with saliva, they release fluoride ions that can be absorbed by tooth enamel. This process helps to strengthen the enamel and make it more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria in the mouth, which can lead to dental caries or cavities. Fluorides can be topically applied through products like toothpaste, mouth rinses, and fluoride varnishes, or systemically ingested through fluoridated water, salt, or supplements.

Dentin-bonding agents are substances used in dentistry to create a strong and durable bond between the dental restoration material (such as composite resin, glass ionomer cement, or crowns) and the dentin surface of a tooth. Dentin is the hard tissue that lies beneath the enamel and consists of microscopic tubules filled with fluid.

The primary function of dentin-bonding agents is to improve the adhesion of restorative materials to the tooth structure, enhancing the retention and durability of dental fillings, crowns, veneers, and other types of restorations. These agents typically contain one or more types of bonding resins, such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META), and/or phosphoric acid ester monomers.

The application process for dentin-bonding agents usually involves several steps, including:

1. Etching the dentin surface with a mild acid to remove the smear layer and expose the collagen network within the dentin tubules.
2. Applying a primer that penetrates into the etched dentin and promotes the infiltration of bonding resins into the dentinal tubules.
3. Applying an adhesive, which is typically a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers, to form a stable bond between the tooth structure and the restoration material.
4. Light-curing the adhesive to polymerize the resin and create a strong mechanical bond with the dentin surface.

Dentin-bonding agents have significantly improved the clinical success of various dental restorations by enhancing their retention, reducing microleakage, and minimizing postoperative sensitivity. However, they may still be susceptible to degradation over time due to factors such as moisture contamination, enzymatic degradation, or hydrolysis, which can lead to the failure of dental restorations. Therefore, continuous advancements in dentin-bonding technology are essential for improving the long-term success and durability of dental restorations.

Methacrylates are a group of chemical compounds that contain the methacrylate functional group, which is a vinyl group (CH2=CH-) with a carbonyl group (C=O) at the β-position. This structure gives them unique chemical and physical properties, such as low viscosity, high reactivity, and resistance to heat and chemicals.

In medical terms, methacrylates are used in various biomedical applications, such as dental restorative materials, bone cements, and drug delivery systems. For example, methacrylate-based resins are commonly used in dentistry for fillings, crowns, and bridges due to their excellent mechanical properties and adhesion to tooth structures.

However, there have been concerns about the potential toxicity of methacrylates, particularly their ability to release monomers that can cause allergic reactions, irritation, or even mutagenic effects in some individuals. Therefore, it is essential to use these materials with caution and follow proper handling and safety protocols.

Orthodontic appliances are devices used in orthodontics, a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. These appliances can be fixed or removable and are used to align teeth, correct jaw relationships, or modify dental forces. They can include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, space maintainers, and headgear, among others. The specific type of appliance used depends on the individual patient's needs and the treatment plan developed by the orthodontist.

Tooth movement, in a dental and orthodontic context, refers to the physical change in position or alignment of one or more teeth within the jaw bone as a result of controlled forces applied through various orthodontic appliances such as braces, aligners, or other orthodontic devices. The purposeful manipulation of these forces encourages the periodontal ligament (the tissue that connects the tooth to the bone) to remodel, allowing the tooth to move gradually over time into the desired position. This process is crucial in achieving proper bite alignment, correcting malocclusions, and enhancing overall oral function and aesthetics.

Polymerization is not exclusively a medical term, but it is widely used in the field of medical sciences, particularly in areas such as biochemistry and materials science. In a broad sense, polymerization refers to the process by which small molecules, known as monomers, chemically react and join together to form larger, more complex structures called polymers.

In the context of medical definitions:

Polymerization is the chemical reaction where multiple repeating monomer units bind together covalently (through strong chemical bonds) to create a long, chain-like molecule known as a polymer. This process can occur naturally or be induced artificially through various methods, depending on the type of monomers and desired polymer properties.

In biochemistry, polymerization plays an essential role in forming important biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. These natural polymers are built from specific monomer units—nucleotides for nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), amino acids for proteins, and sugars for polysaccharides—that polymerize in a highly regulated manner to create the final functional structures.

In materials science, synthetic polymers are often created through polymerization for various medical applications, such as biocompatible materials, drug delivery systems, and medical devices. These synthetic polymers can be tailored to have specific properties, such as degradation rates, mechanical strength, or hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, depending on the desired application.

Medical definitions of water generally describe it as a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for all forms of life. It is a universal solvent, making it an excellent medium for transporting nutrients and waste products within the body. Water constitutes about 50-70% of an individual's body weight, depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass.

In medical terms, water has several important functions in the human body:

1. Regulation of body temperature through perspiration and respiration.
2. Acting as a lubricant for joints and tissues.
3. Facilitating digestion by helping to break down food particles.
4. Transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
5. Helping to maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
6. Assisting in the regulation of various bodily functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate.

Dehydration can occur when an individual does not consume enough water or loses too much fluid due to illness, exercise, or other factors. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Nonparametric statistics is a branch of statistics that does not rely on assumptions about the distribution of variables in the population from which the sample is drawn. In contrast to parametric methods, nonparametric techniques make fewer assumptions about the data and are therefore more flexible in their application. Nonparametric tests are often used when the data do not meet the assumptions required for parametric tests, such as normality or equal variances.

Nonparametric statistical methods include tests such as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (also known as the Mann-Whitney U test) for comparing two independent groups, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for comparing two related groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing more than two independent groups. These tests use the ranks of the data rather than the actual values to make comparisons, which allows them to be used with ordinal or continuous data that do not meet the assumptions of parametric tests.

Overall, nonparametric statistics provide a useful set of tools for analyzing data in situations where the assumptions of parametric methods are not met, and can help researchers draw valid conclusions from their data even when the data are not normally distributed or have other characteristics that violate the assumptions of parametric tests.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical technique used to compare the means of two or more groups and determine whether there are any significant differences between them. It is a way to analyze the variance in a dataset to determine whether the variability between groups is greater than the variability within groups, which can indicate that the groups are significantly different from one another.

ANOVA is based on the concept of partitioning the total variance in a dataset into two components: variance due to differences between group means (also known as "between-group variance") and variance due to differences within each group (also known as "within-group variance"). By comparing these two sources of variance, ANOVA can help researchers determine whether any observed differences between groups are statistically significant, or whether they could have occurred by chance.

ANOVA is a widely used technique in many areas of research, including biology, psychology, engineering, and business. It is often used to compare the means of two or more experimental groups, such as a treatment group and a control group, to determine whether the treatment had a significant effect. ANOVA can also be used to compare the means of different populations or subgroups within a population, to identify any differences that may exist between them.

Biocompatible coated materials refer to surfaces or substances that are treated or engineered with a layer or film designed to interact safely and effectively with living tissues or biological systems, without causing harm or adverse reactions. The coating material is typically composed of biomaterials that can withstand the conditions of the specific application while promoting a positive response from the body.

The purpose of these coatings may vary depending on the medical device or application. For example, they might be used to enhance the lubricity and wear resistance of implantable devices, reduce the risk of infection, promote integration with surrounding tissues, control drug release, or prevent the formation of biofilms.

Biocompatible coated materials must undergo rigorous testing and evaluation to ensure their safety and efficacy in various clinical settings. This includes assessing potential cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, sensitization, hemocompatibility, carcinogenicity, and other factors that could impact the body's response to the material.

Examples of biocompatible coating materials include:

1. Hydrogels: Cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers that can be used for drug delivery, tissue engineering, or as lubricious coatings on medical devices.
2. Self-assembling monolayers (SAMs): Organosilane or thiol-based molecules that form a stable, well-ordered film on surfaces, which can be further functionalized to promote specific biological interactions.
3. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG): A biocompatible polymer often used as a coating material due to its ability to reduce protein adsorption and cell attachment, making it useful for preventing biofouling or thrombosis on medical devices.
4. Bioactive glass: A type of biomaterial composed of silica-based glasses that can stimulate bone growth and healing when used as a coating material in orthopedic or dental applications.
5. Drug-eluting coatings: Biocompatible polymers impregnated with therapeutic agents, designed to release the drug over time to promote healing, prevent infection, or inhibit restenosis in various medical devices.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Titanium is not a medical term, but rather a chemical element (symbol Ti, atomic number 22) that is widely used in the medical field due to its unique properties. Medically, it is often referred to as a biocompatible material used in various medical applications such as:

1. Orthopedic implants: Titanium and its alloys are used for making joint replacements (hips, knees, shoulders), bone plates, screws, and rods due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
2. Dental implants: Titanium is also commonly used in dental applications like implants, crowns, and bridges because of its ability to osseointegrate, or fuse directly with bone tissue, providing a stable foundation for replacement teeth.
3. Cardiovascular devices: Titanium alloys are used in the construction of heart valves, pacemakers, and other cardiovascular implants due to their non-magnetic properties, which prevent interference with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
4. Medical instruments: Due to its resistance to corrosion and high strength, titanium is used in the manufacturing of various medical instruments such as surgical tools, needles, and catheters.

In summary, Titanium is a chemical element with unique properties that make it an ideal material for various medical applications, including orthopedic and dental implants, cardiovascular devices, and medical instruments.

Temperature, in a medical context, is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment. It is usually measured using a thermometer and reported in degrees Celsius (°C), degrees Fahrenheit (°F), or kelvin (K). In the human body, normal core temperature ranges from about 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) when measured rectally, and can vary slightly depending on factors such as time of day, physical activity, and menstrual cycle. Elevated body temperature is a common sign of infection or inflammation, while abnormally low body temperature can indicate hypothermia or other medical conditions.

Dental models are replicas of a patient's teeth and surrounding oral structures, used in dental practice and education. They are typically created using plaster or other materials that harden to accurately reproduce the shape and position of each tooth, as well as the contours of the gums and palate. Dental models may be used for a variety of purposes, including treatment planning, creating custom-fitted dental appliances, and teaching dental students about oral anatomy and various dental procedures. They provide a tactile and visual representation that can aid in understanding and communication between dentists, patients, and other dental professionals.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

"Plastics" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in a broader context, plastics can refer to a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that are used in various medical applications due to their durability, flexibility, and ability to be molded into different shapes. Some examples include:

1. Medical devices such as catheters, implants, and surgical instruments.
2. Packaging for medical supplies and pharmaceuticals.
3. Protective barriers like gloves and gowns used in medical settings.
4. Intraocular lenses and other ophthalmic applications.

It's important to note that the term "plastics" is not a medical term per se, but rather a general category of materials with diverse uses across different industries, including healthcare.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nickel" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. Nickel is a hard, silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. It is one of four elements that are ferromagnetic and is used as a common component in various alloys due to its properties such as resistance to corrosion and heat.

However, in a medical context, nickel may refer to:

* Nickel allergy: A type of allergic contact dermatitis caused by an immune system response to the presence of nickel in jewelry, clothing fasteners, or other items that come into contact with the skin. Symptoms can include redness, itching, and rash at the site of exposure.
* Nickel carbonyl: A highly toxic chemical compound (Ni(CO)4) that can cause respiratory and neurological problems if inhaled. It is produced during some industrial processes involving nickel and carbon monoxide and poses a health risk to workers if proper safety measures are not taken.

If you have any concerns about exposure to nickel or symptoms related to nickel allergy, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.

An incisor is a type of tooth that is primarily designed for biting off food pieces rather than chewing or grinding. They are typically chisel-shaped, flat, and have a sharp cutting edge. In humans, there are eight incisors - four on the upper jaw and four on the lower jaw, located at the front of the mouth. Other animals such as dogs, cats, and rodents also have incisors that they use for different purposes like tearing or gnawing.

Dental esthetics refers to the branch of dentistry concerned with the aesthetic appearance of teeth and smile. It involves the use of various dental treatments and procedures to improve the color, shape, alignment, and position of teeth, thereby enhancing the overall facial appearance and self-confidence of a person. Some common dental esthetic treatments include tooth whitening, dental veneers, composite bonding, orthodontic treatment (braces), and dental implants. It is important to note that dental esthetics not only focuses on improving the appearance but also maintaining or improving oral health and function.

"Torque" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a physical concept used in the fields of physics and engineering, referring to a twisting force that causes rotation around an axis. However, in certain medical contexts, such as in discussions of spinal or joint biomechanics, the term "torque" may be used to describe a rotational force applied to a body part. But generally speaking, "torque" is not a term commonly used in medical terminology.

In the context of medical terminology, "hardness" is not a term that has a specific or standardized definition. It may be used in various ways to describe the firmness or consistency of a tissue, such as the hardness of an artery or tumor, but it does not have a single authoritative medical definition.

In some cases, healthcare professionals may use subjective terms like "hard," "firm," or "soft" to describe their tactile perception during a physical examination. For example, they might describe the hardness of an enlarged liver or spleen by comparing it to the feel of their knuckles when gently pressed against the abdomen.

However, in other contexts, healthcare professionals may use more objective measures of tissue stiffness or elasticity, such as palpation durometry or shear wave elastography, which provide quantitative assessments of tissue hardness. These techniques can be useful for diagnosing and monitoring conditions that affect the mechanical properties of tissues, such as liver fibrosis or cancer.

Therefore, while "hardness" may be a term used in medical contexts to describe certain physical characteristics of tissues, it does not have a single, universally accepted definition.

Braun, Thomas (February 25, 2014). "Static Self Ligating Orthodontic Bracket". 2009 Chapter 7: Orthodontic Appliances Jeryl D. ... Wildman introduced another bracket called Twinlock bracket. This bracket was named as Damon 2 bracket. In 2004, Damon 3 bracket ... This bracket had a curved arm that rotated occluso-gingivally around the bracket. In 1995, Time Self-Ligating Bracket was ... treatment time being longer when self ligated orthodontic brackets are used compared to conventional orthodontic brackets. A ...
Brackets fit against the edges. It is secured with a spring in the middle that applies pressure. There are various reactions ... Sometimes special orthodontic tools are used to stretch open the rubber bands, depending on how crowded the teeth are. If the ... Orthodontic separators (also known as spacers) are rubber bands or metal appliances used in orthodontics. Spacers are placed ... Jeryl D. English; Sercan Akyalcin; Timo Peltomaki; Kate Litschel (2014-11-10). Mosby's Orthodontic Review, 2e (2 ed.). Mosby. ...
Bonding of orthodontic brackets to teeth is crucial to enable effective treatment with fixed appliances. There is no clear ... "Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (5): CD002282. doi:10.1002/14651858. ... evidence on which to make a clinical decision of the type of orthodontic adhesive to use. Dentine bonding agents Fixed ...
First generation of lingual brackets were launched in 1976. These brackets had a larger profile at first. Orthodontic company ... Kurz was the founding president of the American Lingual Orthodontic Association. He died on April 6, 1998, in Marina del Rey. ... He was also the founding president of the American Lingual Orthodontic Association. Kurz was born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, ... The slot size for the first bracket was 0.018 inches. "Dr. Craven Kurz; Orthodontist Invented 'Invisible' Braces". Los Angeles ...
"Effect of a fluoride varnish on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets". American Journal of Orthodontics and ... on exposed root surfaces Remineralization of lesions in root dentin Fluoride application around orthodontic bands and brackets ...
These deposits are commonly found on teeth or dental appliances such as orthodontic brackets. The most common way dental plaque ... Disclosing tablets are often prescribed or given to patients with orthodontic appliances for use before and after tooth ...
The first brackets to be produced were in 1979 by Ormco. Kurz eventually started working with the orthodontic company Ormco to ... The initial appliance included low profile brackets, maxillary occlusal plane on the upper brackets. These brackets did not ... They involve attaching the orthodontic brackets on the inner (lingual vs. buccal) sides of the teeth. The main advantage of ... Lingual brackets are located more closely to the center of resistance of a tooth than brackets placed on a buccal surface of a ...
This meant that the orthodontic brackets had pre-adjusted tip and torque built into the brackets. Roth believed that some ... Roth received his orthodontic degree from Loyola University Chicago School of Dentistry. Roth was known to work well with Dr. ... Andrews gave Roth two sets of his Andrews Straight Wire Brackets for evaluation. Roth believed that as long as the condyles and ... Roth introduced his "Roth Prescription" in 1975 for straight-wire brackets and is also known for his philosophy, which includes ...
... has since revolutionised fixed orthodontic treatment. The advantage of the design lies in its bracket and archwire combination ... Orthodontic technology Orthodontic indices List of orthodontic functional appliances Molar distalization Mouth breathing ... Rather than rely on the same bracket for all teeth, L.F. Andrews found a way to make different brackets for each tooth in the ... However, angling the bracket or bracket slot eliminates this need for bends. Given the discrepancies in inclination of facial ...
This type of bracket replaces traditional elastic ligatures and typically cuts orthodontic appointment times drastically[ ... citation needed]. Currently, self-ligating brackets make up about 10 percent of total bracket sales worldwide. Anchorage ( ... It is very important to know the side effects of Class II elastics before using them in an orthodontic treatment. The following ... The elastic wear is prescribed by an orthodontist or a dentist in an orthodontic treatment. The longevity of the elastic wear ...
Failure of orthodontic brackets, bonded tubes or bands will increase the overall treatment time for the patient. There is ... Bands are also utilized when dental fillings or other dental works make securing a bracket to a tooth infeasible. Orthodontic ... In most cases, the teeth will be banded and then brackets will be added. A bracket will be applied with dental cement, and then ... These braces have a metal bracket with elastic (rubber band) ties holding the wire onto the metal brackets. The second-most ...
Alternatively, orthodontic wax relief can be used to secure the de-bonded bracket to the adjacent bracket as a temporary ... "Orthodontic Emergencies". Orthodontic Society of Ireland. Retrieved 2018-02-28. Sodipo I, Birdsall J (June 2016). "Orthodontic ... De-bonded brackets, if left untreated, can result in irritation of lip and cheek in short term. If a bracket de-bonds from the ... Nickel is found in multiple orthodontic components, such as nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires and stainless steel brackets. If ...
In 1933, he usedribbon arch brackets and round arch wires with lighter forces in an orthodontic treatment. He is known to have ... Orthodontics Melbourne Faculty of Dentistry Orthodontic technology Begg orthodontic technique, 1956, Powerhouse Museum. Highest ... However, he made a switch to the round archwire in 1928 and started using that with his brackets. ... P. Raymond Begg, A.O. (1898-1983)". Australian Orthodontic Journal. 8 (1): 39-40. ISSN 0587-3908. PMID 6385948. (Articles ...
Alternatively, orthodontic extrusion can be used to achieve crown lengthening. Using brackets, light forces can be used to pull ... Orthodontic brackets are bonded to the teeth requiring crown lengthening surgery and then to adjacent teeth, these are then ... A power elastic band is then tied from the bracket to the archwire (or the bar), which pulls the tooth coronally. The direction ... Difficult procedure for patients to tolerate, increased post-operative pain Orthodontic tooth movement can be used to erupt ...
These elastics are then hooked onto the patient's braces (brackets and bands) or appliance fitted in his or her mouth. This ... Orthodontic headgear is a type of orthodontic appliance typically attached to the patient's head with a strap or number of ... Orthodontic headgear will usually consist of three major components: Facebow: first, the facebow (or J-Hooks) is fitted with a ... The orthodontic facemask typically consists of three major components: Face frame: first, the face frame is a metal and plastic ...
These elastics are then hooked onto the child's braces (brackets and bands) or appliance fitted in his or her mouth. This ... There is a List of Orthodontic Functional Appliances. Functional appliances are orthodontic appliances that are used to correct ... Orthodontic headgear is a type of appliance attached to dental braces that aids in correcting more severe bite problems. ... Headgear is an orthodontic appliance for the correction of Class II correction, typically used in growing patients to correct ...
This is a less invasive approach that uses orthodontic brackets to correct malocclusion and try to hide the skeletal ... The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment is to achieve a stable, functional and aesthetic alignment of teeth which serves to ... While treatment is carried out, there is no evidence from clinical trials to recommend or discourage any type of orthodontic ... However, other forms of misaligned teeth will have little impact on speech and orthodontic treatment has little effect on ...
Gianelly developed the bidimensional technique, in which two orthodontic different bracket slots are used in the mouth. An ... A wire such as 18x25 can allow a tight fit in the anterior brackets with the 0.018 slot and a loose fit in the posterior teeth ... There is about 0.004in slot between the posterior brackets and wire. Gianelly published over 90 scientific articles in his ...
018-inch slot in an orthodontic bracket. His research focused on the growth and structural variation of the face and jaws. ... Some of his contributions to the field of orthodontics were the first straight wire bracket .018 inch slot, in 1970 ... Ricketts was the first person in United States to prescribe nutritional supplements in his orthodontic and orthopedic practice ...
Ülgen, M.: Orthodontic Model Investigation of the Changes during Orthodontic Treatment and After Treatment (Residiv), Ankara ... Ülgen, M.: Direct Bonding of the Brackets, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry Journal, Volume 10, Issue 1: 283-295, 1983. ... In 1983, he wrote his first text book, Principles of Orthodontic Treatment, about orthodontic therapy which is still read as ... Ülgen, M.: Orthodontic Treatment Without Aperature Part 1, YouTube, 2012. Ülgen, M.: Apareysiz Ortodontik Tedavi Bölüm 1, ...
Low stiffness will allow small forces to be produced when the wire is engaged in the bracket slots of teeth. High strength ... "The Orthoevolution of Orthodontic Archwires - Orthodontic Products". Orthodontic Products. Retrieved 2016-10-30. Singh G (2015- ... Orthodontic archwires may be fabricated from several alloys, most commonly stainless steel, nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi), and ... Wang Y, Liu C, Jian F, McIntyre GT, Millett DT, Hickman J, Lai W (July 2018). "Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment ...
Zinc polycarboxylate bonds well with stainless steel, and this makes it useful for the attachment of orthodontic bands. As a ... However, in practice, the high rate of brackets debonding during treatment has shown that glass ionomer is not a suitable ... In orthodontics, glass ionomer cements are widely used to attach orthodontic bands. The presence of an adhesive seal between ... and to keep orthodontic bands and appliances in situ. In a complex restoration procedure, the selection of an appropriate ...
Atkinson became the Director of the Orthodontic Program established at University of Southern California in 1934 and stayed at ... The appliance incorporated Angle's ribbon arch and edgewise arch appliances but introduced a rectangular double-channel bracket ... Albin Oppenheim who was an Orthodontic Professor at University of Southern California, was practicing orthodontics with use of ... Atkinson decided to improve the orthodontic appliance and patented a design for Universal Appliance on October 28, 1929. ...
Under supervision they place and remove orthodontic brackets, wires, bands, and appliances on patients, as treatment-planned by ... Orthodontic auxiliaries are oral health professionals who work exclusively under the direction of an orthodontist or dentist ... and orthodontic auxiliaries. The role of dental auxiliaries is usually set out in regional dental regulations, defining the ... removable protheses including dentures and orthodontic retainers, and fixed restorative work such as crown and bridges for the ...
Orthodontic brackets, which can involve the use of glass ionomer cements as an adhesive cement that forms strong chemical bonds ... including for orthodontic bracket attachment. Glass-ionomer cements are based on the reaction of silicate glass-powder ( ... orthodontic bracket adhesives, pit and fissure sealants, liners and bases, core build-ups, or intermediate restorations. The ... between the enamel and the many metals which are used in orthodontic brackets such as stainless steel. Fluoride varnishes have ...
... and may have removed the brackets from her teeth herself or by someone not affiliated with an orthodontic company. It was later ...
... the placement of orthodontic bands that harbor large buccal orthodontic brackets can serve as an alternative to the placement ... Interim palatal lift prostheses retentive clasps that engage undercuts formed with composite resin or orthodontic brackets are ... If the orthodontic wire clasp terminated at its approximation with the dental abutment undercut it engages as do conventional ... Thus, the orthodontic wire clasps used to retain interim palatal lift prostheses are sometimes extended in a mesial direction ...
Wishing to pursue formal orthodontic education, he sought out specialty training. Orthodontic schools of the era spent much ... perfecting the edgewise bracket, and associated armamentaria, that would become the standard of care in orthodontics for the ... He was also a part-time faculty at the Orthodontic Department in UCSF School of Dentistry. He was instrumental in starting the ... Chapter 8: The cephalometer takes its place in the orthodontic armamentarium". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial ...
British Orthodontic Society BOC BÖC - (i) Blue Öyster Cult bod - (s) Tibetan language (ISO 639-2 code) BOD - (i) Biochemical ... Oxygen Demand BODMAS - (a) Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction BOFH - (i) Bastard Operator From ...
... is performed by attaching orthodontic brackets to the teeth, and wrapping pliable wire either around or through the ... The second type of jaw wiring is called orthodontic jaw wiring (OJW) or dental jaw wiring, and can be used as a treatment for ... The ivy loop method used in the study in Nigeria also allows limited jaw movement.) Orthodontic jaw wiring is removed when the ... Fixation can also be achieved by passing wires through the brackets of braces, which are commonly used before surgery. IMF is ...
This article outlines the role of micro-cT in orthodontic bracket removal procedures. ... 1A). To bond orthodontic brackets to the outer labial tooth surfaces, dental composites and resins are typically used (Fig. 1B ... The role of micro-CT in orthodontic bracket removal procedures. *Download PDF Copy ... Dental burs are generally applied to rid teeth of residual adhesive after the removal of orthodontic brackets. During the ...
For the first time we could demonstrate that occurrence of sEARR does not differ between the two types of brackets. ... number of appointments and extraction rate between conventional and self-ligating brackets. ... Root resorption, treatment time and extraction rate during orthodontic treatment with self-ligating and conventional brackets ... The treatments were performed with SL brackets (n = 139, Smartclip, 3 M Unitek, USA) or Non-SL brackets (n = 74, Victory Series ...
... of different lingual orthodontic brackets. 200 bovine incisors were divided into 10 groups. Four different lingual (STB, Ormco ... and 2D lingual brackets significantly lowered SBS after UI, whereas for other braces no effect was recorded. Appliances with ... TTR, Rocky Mountain Orthodontics; Idea, Leone; 2D, Forestadent) and vestibular control (Victory, 3M) brackets were bonded. UI ... of lingual appliances of small dimensions so particular care should be posed avoiding prolonged instrumentation around bracket ...
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  • 1) As the number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment is increasing, clinicians often have to bond orthodontic brackets to teeth that have different types of porcelain restorations. (docksci.com)
  • Dental burs are generally applied to rid teeth of residual adhesive after the removal of orthodontic brackets. (news-medical.net)
  • As numerous teenagers and parents know, current orthodontic treatment involves aligning and moving teeth by utilizing adhesively attached orthodontic appliances (Fig. 1A). (news-medical.net)
  • To align teeth (A) orthodontists use brackets (B) and wires that apply forces to change tooth position and angle. (news-medical.net)
  • Treatment ends (C) with bracket removal, when the teeth and dental arches have reached aesthetic, harmonious well-matching relations leading to functional occlusion and pleasing smile. (news-medical.net)
  • Thanks to the new orthodontic dentistry materials available today, we can offer visible or invisible braces -- adult braces made with space-age metals, braces glued to the back of the teeth. (miamibeachclearbraces.com)
  • Orthodontic elastic bands is an elastic tape which is placed between brackets of mandible and maxilla in order to help teeth to find their proper place better. (jamilian.net)
  • The presence of brackets and orthodontic equipment would create more tartar over the teeth. (jamilian.net)
  • Fixed braces are traditionally made from metal brackets fitted to the teeth with a wire running through, but more cosmetic options are now available. (orielvillasdental.com)
  • The Cfast system uses clear brackets and tooth-coloured nickel titanium wires to gently straighten crooked or misaligned teeth. (orielvillasdental.com)
  • This traditional style of braces shifts teeth using brackets, bonding material, wire and elastic. (surreydentistry.ca)
  • Using bonding cement, your dentist secures your teeth with brackets. (nwph.net)
  • If your teeth are difficult to treat using brackets, your dentists will instead use molar bands. (nwph.net)
  • These bands have slots that allow archwires to pass through and connect them to other brackets on the teeth. (nwph.net)
  • Self-ligating brackets, however, do not need ligatures as they auto-tighten to keep pressure on your teeth to adjust them. (nwph.net)
  • Orthodontic manikin help dental school students practicing Impacted Cuspid Teeth. (buyamag.com)
  • Buamag provide orthodontic models include: teeth eruption disease, malocclusion pathology, and gain procedure experience how fix hem. (buyamag.com)
  • This means that orthodontic treatment typically involves three different types of bends in the wire used to straighten teeth. (proprofs.com)
  • About sixty extracted healthy human premolar teeth with intact buccal enamel were divided into two equal groups to which brackets were bonded using self-etching primers (SEPs) and conventional means respectively. (apospublications.com)
  • This bonding approach can minimize premature occlusal contacts between the maxillary anterior brackets and mandibular anterior teeth. (ormco.com)
  • Alias is designed to minimize friction while producing light, continuous orthodontic forces that allow teeth to move more smoothly. (ormco.com)
  • Learning to band and bracket teeth. (orthodontics.com)
  • After orthodontic treatment, a retainer holds teeth in corrected positions. (cdhp.org)
  • Figure 3 illustrates the steps typically involved in post-orthodontic adhesive removal, utilizing the flame-shaped H48L tungsten carbide bur (Komet Dental, Gebr. (news-medical.net)
  • As the application of external forces can lead to premature bonding failure, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UI on shear bond strength (SBS) and on adhesive remnant index (ARI) of different lingual orthodontic brackets. (hindawi.com)
  • The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of UI on shear bond strength (SBS) values and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of various lingual orthodontic brackets with different bracket base dimensions. (hindawi.com)
  • After removing the brackets, the orthodontist will use a special dental handpiece to scrape away the adhesive that was previously securing the bracket to the tooth. (jamilian.net)
  • Bond strength is mostly affected by the porcelain type, surface conditioning, bracket material and retention mode, properties of the bonding adhesive, the light-curing source, as well as the skill of the clinician (3, 4). (docksci.com)
  • 6. Best Adhesion: New mesh to achieve the best adhesive strength of brackets. (dentalsalemall.com)
  • Stainless steel brackets were bonded to FRCs using a light-cure adhesive system. (uv.es)
  • 0.05) of the ARI score among four different debonding ways in terms of each tooth's residual adhesive after the bracket removal. (hindawi.com)
  • TTR, Idea, and 2D lingual brackets significantly lowered SBS after UI, whereas for other braces no effect was recorded. (hindawi.com)
  • In the Design Your Own Smile feature, kids can click and drag Bracket Jacketz design clips onto a virtual mouth with braces and see how Bracket Jacketz can transform their "metal mouth" into a fashion statement. (orthodonticproductsonline.com)
  • Gold says, "Until Bracket Jacketz, the only way to add excitement to traditional metal braces was colored ligatures, or bands, which offer limited color selections and have to be changed by the orthodontic staff. (orthodonticproductsonline.com)
  • Bracket Jacketz not only add color to braces, they allow kids to express their unique personalities with words and designs and then change the Bracket Jacketz themselves whenever they want. (orthodonticproductsonline.com)
  • Orthodontic Dentistry - Now Adult Braces Are Available! (miamibeachclearbraces.com)
  • It's never too late to get the perfect smile with adult braces and orthodontic dentistry ! (miamibeachclearbraces.com)
  • Many people associate fixed braces with orthodontic treatment, and they are still incredibly effective and reliable for correcting alignment issues and problematic bites. (orielvillasdental.com)
  • Clearline braces do not use wire or brackets. (surreydentistry.ca)
  • Metal braces are quite affordable , and many orthodontic insurance plans cover part of the treatment . (nwph.net)
  • The type of braces you use and period you wear them depends on the severity of your orthodontic condition . (nwph.net)
  • Unlike traditional metal braces, ceramic braces use clear brackets and tooth-colored archwires to help them appear subtle and invisible. (nwph.net)
  • Do you have any questions about 1Box Dental Orthodontic Self-ligating Ceramic Brackets Braces Roth 022 345 Hooks? (dentalsalemall.com)
  • Metal braces use elastics to create tension between brackets. (cdhp.org)
  • The advent of acid etching, introduced by Buonocore in 1955, brought the possibility of bonding between the bracket base and enamel, contributing to more esthetic and conservative orthodontics. (bvsalud.org)
  • This bracket was considered revolutionary in the field of orthodontics because it was an active type of self-ligating bracket. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bonding of orthodontic attachments has become an integral part of orthodontics. (apospublications.com)
  • Consider taking a Straight Wire Orthodontics course this season with the American Orthodontic Society. (orthodontics.com)
  • Upon completion of the treatment, perhaps months or years later, the brackets and the dental materials must be removed (Fig. 1C). (news-medical.net)
  • This study determined the amount and severity of EARR (external apical root resorption) after orthodontic treatment with self-ligating (SL) and conventional (Non-SL) brackets. (nih.gov)
  • The treatment time was shorter with Non-SL brackets (Non-SL: 18.1 ± 5.3 vs. SL: 20.7 ± 4.9 months). (nih.gov)
  • Oral hygiene professionals are constantly faced with patients under orthodontic treatment [ 1 ] as fixed appliances cause plaque accumulation around bands and brackets [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • During lingual orthodontic therapy, plaque and calculus accumulation has been demonstrated to be equal to [ 5 ] or higher [ 6 ] than vestibular treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • Oral hygiene protocols for patients during orthodontic treatment include both verbal education and professional treatments with rotating brushes and ultrasonic scalers [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Lingual invisible brackets philosophy came to life with the spirit to improve the quality and comfort of orthodontic treatment, allowing dentist to reach maximum occlusion aims, functional and aesthetic. (buyamag.com)
  • Kids will really like the Design Your Own Smile feature and the ability to e-mail their new look to friends, while doctors will appreciate the information about Bracket Jacketz' benefits to orthodontic treatment. (orthodonticproductsonline.com)
  • Some orthodontic dentists would even argue that the most critical aspect of orthodontic dentistry treatment is how patients do their "home" work. (miamibeachclearbraces.com)
  • After completion of the orthodontic treatment, the first step is taking the elastic off. (jamilian.net)
  • Upon completion of your orthodontic treatment, patients should pay attention to the advice of your orthodontist on measures that need to be taken after removing brackets. (jamilian.net)
  • Dental scaling is an important thing that should be considered after completion of the orthodontic treatment. (jamilian.net)
  • Thus, you need to not underestimate dental scaling after orthodontic treatment completion. (jamilian.net)
  • This direct bracket bonding technique has brought benefits such as reduced cost and time in performing the treatment, as well as making it easier to perform oral hygiene. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Roth prescription provides accurate and efficient bracket placement, facilitating the desired tooth alignment and enhancing treatment outcomes. (denrotary.com)
  • Crafted from high-quality materials, our brackets exhibit excellent durability, resisting wear and tear throughout the course of treatment. (denrotary.com)
  • Your dentist will meet with you and decide which course of orthodontic treatment suits your needs and desired outcome. (surreydentistry.ca)
  • Lingual brackets is the latest design for cosmetic invisible treatment application. (buyamag.com)
  • in 2016 stated that differences in the periodontal status of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with either conventional or self-ligating brackets were detected were non-significant. (wikipedia.org)
  • stated that their analysis showed treatment time being longer when self ligated orthodontic brackets are used compared to conventional orthodontic brackets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Present article is the case study and reports the results and outcomes of treatment of a bilateral traumatic mandibular fracture with orthodontic bracket system for a prolonged maxillomandibular immobilization. (journalcra.com)
  • On orthodontic treatment, accuracy of orthodontic brackets slot size is essential for maximum interaction between thewire and brackets, so as to distribute the optimal force for tooth movement. (jdmfs.org)
  • The innovative aesthetic solution has been designed with enhanced functionality, making it easier than ever for clinicians to provide a leading-edge and discreet orthodontic treatment solution. (ormco.com)
  • With passive self-ligating technology, the Alias Lingual Bracket System features brackets designed for optimized movement-the unique .018 vertical square slot keeps the archwire properly engaged, allowing for more precise treatment and greater rotational and torque control. (ormco.com)
  • The Alias Lingual Bracket System is an optimal solution for meeting patient demand for aesthetically-pleasing treatment, while giving doctors the high-level control they expect with a fixed appliance," said Patrik Eriksson, president of Ormco. (ormco.com)
  • Achieve amazing outcomes with digital treatment planning for aligners, brackets or a combination of both-all in one platform. (3m.co.uk)
  • Move seamlessly with digital treatment planning for aligners and brackets, all in one place. (3m.co.uk)
  • The effect of bullying on initiation, desire and motivation, and expectation from orthodontic treatment was assessed and compared between these groups. (springermedizin.de)
  • This analysis demonstrated that bullying due to malocclusion impacts attitude towards orthodontic treatment. (springermedizin.de)
  • Victims who experienced bullying due to malocclusion initiate orthodontic treatment more often themselves and expect therapy to prevent them from experiencing further bullying. (springermedizin.de)
  • The pattern of activity of aspartate aminotransferase enzyme (AST) following canine distalization stage in orthodontic treatment is being investigated. (scialert.net)
  • All patients had orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances. (scialert.net)
  • A bracket like head design can aid in orthodontic treatment and serve as indirect anchorage. (nih.gov)
  • The current study includes 80 extracted premolars of human from the patient visiting for orthodontic treatment of Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Karnataka, India. (hindawi.com)
  • Demineralised white spot lesions occur frequently, after orthodontic treatment. (dentalnews.com)
  • I would recommend that all clinicians try the Icon product when attempting to remineralize white spot lesions, post orthodontic treatment. (dentalnews.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The 4 self-etching adhesives yielded SBS values higher than the bond strength (5.9 to 7.8 MPa) suggested for routine clinical treatment, indicating that orthodontic brackets can be successfully bonded with any of these self-etching adhesives. (who.int)
  • Does quality of orthodontic treatment outcome influence post-treatment stability? (bvsalud.org)
  • A retrospective study investigating short-term stability 2 years after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and in the presence of fixed retainers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Is there a difference between subjects who received orthodontic treatment during adolescence and subjects without treatment need? (bvsalud.org)
  • However, sufficient evidence was not found to claim that with large rectangular wires, in the presence of tipping and/or torque and in arches with considerable malocclusion, self-ligating brackets produce lower friction compared with conventional brackets. (wikipedia.org)
  • UI lowered SBS of lingual appliances of small dimensions so particular care should be posed avoiding prolonged instrumentation around bracket base during plaque removal. (hindawi.com)
  • Lingual appliances allow the correction of tooth malocclusions through fixed brackets attached to the lingual tooth surfaces [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Accidental application of unwanted forces to orthodontic appliances can cause detachment of brackets. (hindawi.com)
  • Lingual invisible appliances orthodontic model upper hinge, pink hard gingivae with invisible brackets installed. (buyamag.com)
  • Used For Teaching Appliances, Wires Brackets Retainers Installation. (buyamag.com)
  • we provide orthodontic models manikin simulators phantom heads, ligature tying brackets and wire installation techniques, trimming orthodontic models and proud be able provide custom design orthodontic appliances and simulators for dentistry techniques training and education. (buyamag.com)
  • Exposure to RF-EMFs emitted from mobile phones can lead to human exposure to higher levels of nickel in saliva in patients with orthodontic appliances . (bvsalud.org)
  • Distinguished products range from legacy twin brackets Titanium Orthosâ„¢ and Mini-Twinâ„¢ to self-ligating appliances with the Damon® System and active Prodigyâ„¢ SL. (ormco.com)
  • Therefore, pleasing aesthetics and optimal technical performance should always be there with the ideal orthodontic appliances. (hindawi.com)
  • In dental school or residency programs, dentists are not well trained to provide orthodontic care for their patients, therefore, they are left to refer patients out, leaving them with less production and poorer diagnostic skills. (orthodontics.com)
  • Using tie wings at the corners of the stainless steel brackets, your dentist attaches ligatures that secure the archwire to the bracket. (nwph.net)
  • Once your dentist cements the orthodontic brackets in place, they pass an archwire through the slots of the bracket. (nwph.net)
  • Once the archwire sets within the slot of the bracket, your dentist can use elastic ties, elastic bands or stainless steel ligatures to secure it in place. (nwph.net)
  • They also stated that most of the evaluated studies agreed that friction of both self-ligated and conventional brackets increased as the archwire size increased. (wikipedia.org)
  • Active self-ligating brackets have a clip that works to press on the archwire and a wire bracket interaction is observed. (wikipedia.org)
  • A passive self-ligating bracket has a door, which when closed, does not lead to any pressure on the archwire. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a further alteration, a newer ceramic bracket with a metal-lined archwire slot was acquainted with the market to lessen some of the difficulties faced in clinical practice. (hindawi.com)
  • Brackets made up of plastic (polycarbonate) were used in the early 1970s as the aesthetic alternative to metal brackets. (hindawi.com)
  • Indirect vs direct bonding of mandibular fixed retainers in orthodontic patients: Comparison of retainer failures and posttreatment stability. (bvsalud.org)
  • The AOS offers convenient and wonderful opportunities for dentists seeking orthodontic courses. (orthodontics.com)
  • Clear brackets and tooth coloured wires have become increasingly popular for more discreet straightening. (orielvillasdental.com)
  • stated that when tested with rectangular wires, active self-ligating brackets showed significantly higher friction than passive self-ligating brackets, with results statistically similar to conventional brackets using same caliber archwires. (wikipedia.org)
  • Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to Zirconium Crowns. (docksci.com)
  • The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP) complex, chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash on shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets. (apospublications.com)
  • INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with 4 self-etching adhesives. (who.int)
  • On the other hand, UI around orthodontic bracket bases has been demonstrated to reduce the bond strength values of conventional metallic orthodontic brackets, emphasizing the need for caution during professional oral hygiene procedures in orthodontic patients [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Conclusions: Covering the FRC surface by a layer of fl owable composite and then application of Er:YAG laser at 300 mJ/15 Hz could be recommended to increase bond strength of orthodontic attachments to FRC. (uv.es)
  • There was no difference between patients treated with Non-SL or SL brackets regarding the amount (in percentage) of EARR (Non-SL: 4.5 ± 6.6 vs. SL: 3.0 ± 5.6). (nih.gov)
  • Dental hygienists are often faced with patients wearing lingual orthodontic therapy, as ultrasonic instrumentation (UI) is crucial for oral health. (hindawi.com)
  • During last years the patients' aesthetic demands are deeply rising, thus increasing the requests for invisible lingual orthodontic therapy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The Web site provides other valuable information for orthodontic patients, including a downloadable Quick Start Guide to show them how to apply and care for Bracket Jacketz. (orthodonticproductsonline.com)
  • A database of orthodontists from all over the United States helps patients find an orthodontist, or if they already have one, tells them if their orthodontist offers Bracket Jacketz. (orthodonticproductsonline.com)
  • The smooth and rounded edges of the brackets minimize discomfort and irritation, enabling patients to experience a comfortable orthodontic journey. (denrotary.com)
  • Proponents of self-ligating brackets say that patients with self-ligating brackets have better oral hygiene than patients with conventional brackets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, there is no difference between using self-ligating bracket and conventional bracket in patients with periodontal problems. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the same time, we are opening another door for treating patients with a technologically advanced bracket system that is comfortable, convenient and discreet. (ormco.com)
  • For over 50 years, Ormco has partnered with the orthodontic community to manufacture innovative products and solutions to enhance the lives of our customers and their patients. (ormco.com)
  • This study aims at investigating the prevalence of bullying due to malocclusions in a sample of German orthodontic patients. (springermedizin.de)
  • Patients completed questionnaires by themselves in three orthodontic practices ( n = 1020, mean age 11.8 years). (springermedizin.de)
  • Il s'agit d'une étude transversale, monocentrique et descriptive, durant 12 mois, incluant les patients âgés d'au moins 18 ans admis en réanimation polyvalente pour un sepsis ou choc septique. (bvsalud.org)
  • Les patients qui ont accepté de participer après apptéléphonique ont été inclus de janvier à mai 2021.Les variables d'étudeétaient: âge, sexe, acuité visuelle (AV), caractéristiques de la LCET selon Diallo, pronostic fonctionnel et anatomique en post puberté (plus de 15 ans). (bvsalud.org)
  • Still, ceramic brackets have low faults as they cannot form chemical bonds with resin adhesives, low breakage hardiness, and increased frictional resistance between metal archwires and ceramic brackets [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The Web site also provides orthodontists information about the features and benefits of Bracket Jacketz. (orthodonticproductsonline.com)
  • We're thrilled about the launch of our new Web site, which was designed to be fun and informational for both kids and orthodontists," says Arnold Gold, president of Bracket Jacketz. (orthodonticproductsonline.com)
  • Orthodontists use a special device to remove the wire out of the brackets' groove. (jamilian.net)
  • Aesthetic ceramic bracket, made with polycrystalline alumina powders, for a more translucent appearance. (sksdental.es)
  • This metal slot also reinforces the ceramic bracket to endure routine orthodontic twisting forces [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Choose Denrotary as your trusted partner for top-notch orthodontic products, and experience the difference that our Brackets Orthodontic Standard Roth Brackets can bring to your practice. (denrotary.com)
  • This technique presents high aesthetic if compared with conventional vestibular orthodontic appliance. (hindawi.com)
  • Orthodontic wire is a type of metallic wire that is placed in the orthodontic bracket's groove. (jamilian.net)
  • The next step, after removing the orthodontic elastic, is extracting the wire. (jamilian.net)
  • Self-ligating brackets have also been designed which do not require a movable component to hold the wire in place. (wikipedia.org)
  • Willam F. ford in 1951 introduced another self-ligating bracket under Johnson Twin wire technique. (wikipedia.org)
  • ORANGE, Calif. (April 13, 2016) -Ormco Corporation, a leading manufacturer and provider of advanced orthodontic technology and services, announces the commercial availability of its Aliasâ„¢ Lingual Bracket System , the world's first Straight Wire, passive self-ligating, square-slot lingual bracket, which will be debuted at the 2016 AAO in Orlando. (ormco.com)
  • In addition, gingivally offset positioning, combined with the system's Straight Wire mechanics, allows Alias brackets to be positioned closer to the lingual tooth surface. (ormco.com)
  • Alias represents advancement in the industry by offering a small, low profile bracket that reduces wire friction, yet maximizes torque control. (ormco.com)
  • Dr. Williams offers The Basic Comprehensive Straight Wire Orthodontic course as both an in-person and online course. (orthodontics.com)
  • Applying the straight wire orthodontic bracket system. (orthodontics.com)
  • Low-friction self-ligating bracket. (sksdental.es)
  • in 2009, stated that self-ligating brackets produce lower friction when coupled with small round archwires in the absence of tipping and/or torque in an ideally aligned arch. (wikipedia.org)
  • stated that self-ligating brackets had a markedly lower friction than conventional brackets at all angulations. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2. Lower Friction Force: Ceramic self-ligating brackets adopt a 'passive slide' design, which Effectively provides a consistent low friction orthodontic force system. (dentalsalemall.com)
  • The next step is removing the orthodontic bracket in which your orthodontist will use a special plier. (jamilian.net)
  • Your orthodontist will then separate the orthodontic bracket from the tooth. (jamilian.net)
  • Your orthodontist will remove the brackets by applying some pressure to the base of each bracket, which would break the bond holding it in place and cause it to pop loose. (jamilian.net)
  • The primary responsibility of an orthodontist is to preserve the dental enamel structure during debonding ceramic brackets. (hindawi.com)
  • The enamel injury caused at the time of bracket removal causes inconvenience to the patient and disturbs the treating orthodontist. (hindawi.com)
  • Orthodontic tooth movement is a process that combines both pathologic and physiological responses following external applied forces (Wise and King, 2008). (scialert.net)
  • Orthodontic forces simulate the pathologic events which cause minor reversible injury to the tooth supporting tissues. (scialert.net)
  • Those ceramic brackets can withstand orthodontic forces and resist staining, unlike plastic brackets. (hindawi.com)
  • Did you know that adding just two orthodontic cases per month can add an additional $10,000 of revenue to your practice? (orthodontics.com)
  • AOA Lab creates custom bonding set-ups, making bracket placement fast, simple and accurate. (ormco.com)
  • Designed with precision and expertise, these brackets feature advanced technology to ensure optimal tooth movement and patient comfort. (denrotary.com)
  • Therefore, AST has the potential as a biological marker to monitor progress of orthodontic tooth movement. (scialert.net)
  • In this study, where higher level of force applied was done to assess the suitability of AST as a biological marker to monitor orthodontic tooth movement. (scialert.net)
  • Orthodontic Tooth Movement Studied by Finite Element Analysis: an Update. (bvsalud.org)
  • A beautiful smile to every patient is the expectation for each orthodontic professional after the debonding procedures. (hindawi.com)
  • Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFS) from mobile phones on nickel release from orthodontic brackets: An in vitro study. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is the largest study showing that there is no difference in the amount of EARR, number of appointments and extraction rate between conventional and self-ligating brackets. (nih.gov)
  • in 2016 stated that self-ligating brackets do not outperform conventional brackets in reliving discomfort or promoting oral health in clinic. (wikipedia.org)
  • stated that there is no evidence for a possible influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over colony formation and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brackets bonded with conventional technique showed greater bond strengths as compared to those bonded with SEP. (apospublications.com)
  • In 1995, Time Self-Ligating Bracket was introduced. (wikipedia.org)
  • CX Plus Individual Brackets- Roth .022 (set o. (cxorthosupply.com)
  • CX Clear .022 Roth MonoCrystalline Brackets H. (cxorthosupply.com)
  • Introducing the Brackets Orthodontic Standard Roth Brackets, a cutting-edge orthodontic product manufactured by Ningbo Denrotary Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd. As a renowned manufacturer, supplier, and factory based in China, Denrotary is committed to delivering top-quality orthodontic solutions to professionals worldwide. (denrotary.com)
  • Our Brackets Orthodontic Standard Roth Brackets offer exceptional performance and reliability, making them an ideal choice for orthodontic treatments. (denrotary.com)
  • With our extensive expertise and state-of-the-art facility, we guarantee reliable and consistent performance of our Brackets Orthodontic Standard Roth Brackets. (denrotary.com)
  • The brackets were debonded using four different methods. (hindawi.com)
  • However, due to the esthetic and mechanical properties of light polymerizable resin composite, it continues to be one of the adhesives of choice in the bracket bonding technique and its use is widely disseminated. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2004, Damon 3 bracket was introduced which was a hybrid of metal and composite material. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasonic instrumentation (UI) around orthodontic devices can lead to application of unwanted stresses around bracket bases [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Twenty stainless steel brackets were divided randomly into experimental and control groups (n=10). (bvsalud.org)
  • To bond orthodontic brackets to the outer labial tooth surfaces, dental composites and resins are typically used (Fig. 1B). (news-medical.net)
  • Self-ligating brackets can be of two types. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. High accuracy: Ceramic self-ligating brackets are made use of CIM technoogy to ensure high Accuracy. (dentalsalemall.com)
  • 4. Excellent Strength: Ceramic self ligating brackets are made of alumina material which provides Better persistent strength. (dentalsalemall.com)
  • Clarityâ„¢ Advanced Brackets deliver brilliant esthetics, small design, predictable debonding and enhanced patient comfort. (3m.co.uk)
  • However, exactly like the brackets, the discomfort will be removed over time. (jamilian.net)
  • The treatments were performed with SL brackets (n = 139, Smartclip, 3 M Unitek, USA) or Non-SL brackets (n = 74, Victory Series, 3 M Unitek, USA). (nih.gov)
  • For the first time we could demonstrate that occurrence of sEARR does not differ between the two types of brackets. (nih.gov)
  • The samplewas selected by using a random sampling system, which consists of 15 types of brackets of 8 bracket manufacturerswith a total sample of 300 samples. (jdmfs.org)