Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma, Juxtacortical
Femoral Neoplasms
Leg Bones
Osteoblastoma
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Osteoblasts
Sarcoma, Ewing
Methotrexate
Chondrosarcoma
Dog Diseases
Doxorubicin
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Neoplasm Metastasis
Apoptosis
Cisplatin
Ifosfamide
Encyclopedias as Topic
Osteitis Deformans
Bone and Bones
Sarcoma
In vivo isolated kidney perfusion with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in tumour-bearing rats. (1/2761)
Isolated perfusion of the extremities with high-dose tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plus melphalan leads to dramatic tumour response in patients with irresectable soft tissue sarcoma or multiple melanoma in transit metastases. We developed in vivo isolated organ perfusion models to determine whether similar tumour responses in solid organ tumours can be obtained with this regimen. Here, we describe the technique of isolated kidney perfusion. We studied the feasibility of a perfusion with TNF-alpha and assessed its anti-tumour effects in tumour models differing in tumour vasculature. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) proved to be only 1 microg TNF-alpha. Higher doses appeared to induce renal failure and a secondary cytokine release with fatal respiratory and septic shock-like symptoms. In vitro, the combination of TNF-alpha and melphalan did not result in a synergistic growth-inhibiting effect on CC 531 colon adenocarcinoma cells, whereas an additive effect was observed on osteosarcoma ROS-1 cells. In vivo isolated kidney perfusion, with TNF-alpha alone or in combination with melphalan, did not result in a significant anti-tumour response in either tumour model in a subrenal capsule assay. We conclude that, because of the susceptibility of the kidney to perfusion with TNF-alpha, the minimal threshold concentration of TNF-alpha to exert its anti-tumour effects was not reached. The applicability of TNF-alpha in isolated kidney perfusion for human tumours seems, therefore, questionable. (+info)A novel trinuclear platinum complex overcomes cisplatin resistance in an osteosarcoma cell system. (2/2761)
Multinuclear platinum compounds have been designed to circumvent the cellular resistance to conventional platinum-based drugs. In an attempt to examine the cellular basis of the preclinical antitumor efficacy of a novel multinuclear platinum compound (BBR 3464) in the treatment of cisplatin-resistant tumors, we have performed a comparative study of cisplatin and BBR 3464 in a human osteosarcoma cell line (U2-OS) and in an in vitro selected cisplatin-resistant subline (U2-OS/Pt). A marked increase of cytotoxic potency of BBR 3464 in comparison with cisplatin in U2-OS cells and a complete lack of cross-resistance in U2-OS/Pt cells were found. A detailed analysis of the cisplatin-resistant phenotype indicated that it was associated with reduced cisplatin accumulation, reduced interstrand cross-link (ICL) formation and DNA platination, microsatellite instability, and reduced expression of the DNA mismatch repair protein PMS2. Despite BBR 3464 charge and molecular size, in U2-OS and U2-OS/Pt cells, BBR 3464 accumulation and DNA-bound platinum were much higher than those observed for cisplatin. In contrast, the frequency of ICLs after exposure to BBR 3464 was very low. The time course of ICL formation after drug removal revealed a low persistence of these types of DNA lesions induced by BBR 3464, in contrast to an increase of DNA lesions induced by cisplatin, suggesting that components of the DNA repair pathway handle the two types of DNA lesions differently. The cellular response of HCT116 mismatch repair-deficient cells was consistent with a lack of influence of mismatch repair status on BBR 3464 cytotoxicity. Because BBR 3464 produces high levels of lesions different from ICLs, likely including intra-strand cross-links and monoadducts, the ability of the triplatinum complex to overcome cisplatin resistance appears to be related to a different mechanism of DNA interaction (formation of different types of drug-induced DNA lesions) as compared with conventional mononuclear complexes rather than the ability to overcome specific cellular alterations. (+info)Regulation of Rb and E2F by signal transduction cascades: divergent effects of JNK1 and p38 kinases. (3/2761)
The E2F transcription factor plays a major role in cell cycle regulation, differentiation and apoptosis, but it is not clear how it is regulated by non-mitogenic signaling cascades. Here we report that two kinases involved in signal transduction have opposite effects on E2F function: the stress-induced kinase JNK1 inhibits E2F1 activity whereas the related p38 kinase reverses Rb-mediated repression of E2F1. JNK1 phosphorylates E2F1 in vitro, and co-transfection of JNK1 reduces the DNA binding activity of E2F1; treatment of cells with TNFalpha had a similar effect. Fas stimulation of Jurkat cells is known to induce p38 kinase and we find a pronounced increase in Rb phosphorylation within 30 min of Fas stimulation. Phosphorylation of Rb correlated with a dissociation of E2F and increased transcriptional activity. The inactivation of Rb by Fas was blocked by SB203580, a p38-specific inhibitor, as well as a dominant-negative p38 construct; cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors as well as dominant-negative cdks had no effect. These results suggest that Fas-mediated inactivation of Rb is mediated via the p38 kinase, independent of cdks. The Rb/E2F-mediated cell cycle regulatory pathway appears to be a normal target for non-mitogenic signaling cascades and could be involved in mediating the cellular effects of such signals. (+info)A leucine-rich nuclear export signal in the p53 tetramerization domain: regulation of subcellular localization and p53 activity by NES masking. (4/2761)
Appropriate subcellular localization is crucial for regulating p53 function. We show that p53 export is mediated by a highly conserved leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) located in its tetramerization domain. Mutation of NES residues prevented p53 export and hampered tetramer formation. Although the p53-binding protein MDM2 has an NES and has been proposed to mediate p53 export, we show that the intrinsic p53 NES is both necessary and sufficient for export. This report also demonstrates that the cytoplasmic localization of p53 in neuroblastoma cells is due to its hyperactive nuclear export: p53 in these cells can be trapped in the nucleus by the export-inhibiting drug leptomycin B or by binding a p53-tetramerization domain peptide that masks the NES. We propose a model in which regulated p53 tetramerization occludes its NES, thereby ensuring nuclear retention of the DNA-binding form. We suggest that attenuation of p53 function involves the conversion of tetramers into monomers or dimers, in which the NES is exposed to the proteins which mediate their export to the cytoplasm. (+info)Ifosfamide/etoposide alternating with high-dose methotrexate: evaluation of a chemotherapy regimen for poor-risk osteosarcoma. (5/2761)
Fifteen patients with relapsed osteosarcoma were treated with an intensive combination chemotherapy schedule. Ifosfamide 2.5 g m(-2) daily and etoposide 150 mg m(-2) daily coincidentally for 3 days and high-dose methotrexate 8 g m(-2) (with folinic acid rescue) on days 10-14 in a planned 21 -day cycle. Feasibility, toxicity and response to this alternative combination for the treatment of relapsed osteosarcoma was assessed. There were 98 evaluable cycles for toxicity and tolerability. The majority of cycles were well tolerated. Haematological toxicity of grade 3/4 (common toxicity criteria) was seen in all courses. Renal tubular loss of electrolytes, particularly magnesium, occurred in 71% of cycles. Thirteen per cent of cycles were repeated within 21 days and 61% within 28 days. In the thirteen patients evaluable for response, a partial response rate of 31% was seen after two cycles. However, patients with stable disease continued on therapy, and an overall consequent response rate of 62% was observed. Four patients were alive with no evidence of disease at 8-74 months. Three are alive with disease (at 8-19 months). There were six deaths, all disease related. This regimen exhibits an encouraging response rate in a group of children with poor prognosis disease, with a tolerable toxicity profile. (+info)Mechanisms of methotrexate resistance in osteosarcoma. (6/2761)
High-dose methotrexate is a major component of current protocols for the treatment of osteosarcoma, but some tumors seem to be resistant. Potential mechanisms of resistance include decreased transport through the reduced folate carrier (RFC) and increased expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). To investigate methotrexate resistance, tumors were obtained from 42 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma. RFC and DHFR mRNA expression were studied by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The RFC and DHFR genes were studied for deletions and amplification by Southern blot. Thirteen of 20 (65%) osteosarcoma samples were found to have decreased RFC expression at the time of initial biopsy. At definitive surgery and relapse, 10 of 22 (45%) were found to have decreased RFC expression. Seventeen of 26 (65%) samples with a poor response to chemotherapy had decreased RFC expression, whereas 5 of 14 (36%) samples with a good response had a decrease (P = 0.03). None of the samples had an RFC gene deletion. Two of 20 samples (10%) showed increased DHFR expression at initial biopsy. The frequency of increased DHFR expression was significantly higher in metastatic or recurrent tumors (62%, P = 0.014). None of the samples showed evidence of DHFR gene amplification. The high frequency of decreased RFC expression in the biopsy material suggests that impaired transport of methotrexate is a common mechanism of intrinsic resistance in osteosarcoma. Increased DHFR expression in the pulmonary metastases may be a mechanism of acquired methotrexate resistance or a difference between primary and metastatic lesions. (+info)Selective killing of transformed cells by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 antagonists. (7/2761)
Recent studies identified a short peptide motif that serves as a docking site for cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2 complexes. Peptides containing this motif block the phosphorylation of substrates by cyclin A/cdk2 or cyclin E/cdk2. Here we report that cell membrane-permeable forms of such peptides preferentially induced transformed cells to undergo apoptosis relative to nontransformed cells. Deregulation of E2F family transcription factors is a common event during transformation and was sufficient to sensitize cells to the cyclin/cdk2 inhibitory peptides. These results suggest that deregulation of E2F and inhibition of cdk2 are synthetically lethal and provide a rationale for the development of cdk2 antagonists as antineoplastic agents. (+info)A novel immunoscintigraphy technique using metabolizable linker with angiotensin II treatment. (8/2761)
Immunoscintigraphy is a tumour imaging technique that can have specificity, but high background radioactivity makes it difficult to obtain tumour imaging soon after the injection of radioconjugate. The aim of this study is to see whether clear tumour images can be obtained soon after injection of a radiolabelled reagent using a new linker with antibody fragments (Fab), in conditions of induced hypertension in mice. Fab fragments of a murine monoclonal antibody against human osteosarcoma were labelled with radioiodinated 3'-iodohippuryl N-epsilon-maleoyl-L-lysine (HML) and were injected intravenously to tumour-bearing mice. Angiotensin II was administered for 4 h before and for 1 h after the injection of radiolabelled Fab. Kidney uptake of 125I-labelled-HML-Fab was much lower than that of 125I-labelled-Fab radioiodinated by the chloramine-T method, and the radioactivity of tumour was increased approximately two-fold by angiotensin II treatment at 3 h after injection, indicating high tumour-to-normal tissue ratios. A clear tumour image was obtained with 131I-labelled-HML-Fab at 3 h post-injection. The use of HML as a radiolabelling reagent, combined with angiotensin II treatment, efficiently improved tumour targeting and enabled the imaging of tumours. These results suggest the feasibility of PET scan using antibody fragment labelled with 18F-fluorine substitute for radioiodine. (+info)Osteosarcoma is defined as a type of cancerous tumor that arises from the cells that form bones (osteoblasts). It's the most common primary bone cancer, and it typically develops in the long bones of the body, such as the arms or legs, near the growth plates. Osteosarcoma can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body, including the lungs, making it a highly malignant form of cancer. Symptoms may include bone pain, swelling, and fractures. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy.
Bone neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the bone. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign bone neoplasms do not spread to other parts of the body and are rarely a threat to life, although they may cause problems if they grow large enough to press on surrounding tissues or cause fractures. Malignant bone neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade and destroy nearby tissue and may spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
There are many different types of bone neoplasms, including:
1. Osteochondroma - a benign tumor that develops from cartilage and bone
2. Enchondroma - a benign tumor that forms in the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones
3. Chondrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from cartilage
4. Osteosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from bone cells
5. Ewing sarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops in the bones or soft tissues around the bones
6. Giant cell tumor of bone - a benign or occasionally malignant tumor that develops from bone tissue
7. Fibrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from fibrous tissue in the bone
The symptoms of bone neoplasms vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor. They may include pain, swelling, stiffness, fractures, or limited mobility. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the tumor but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.
Osteosarcoma, juxtacortical (also known as parosteal osteosarcoma) is a rare subtype of osteosarcoma, which is a type of bone cancer. It arises from the cambium layer of the periosteum, which is the highly vascular connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones. Juxtacortical osteosarcomas typically develop on the surface of long bones, particularly around the knee region. They tend to grow slowly and have a lower risk of metastasis (spreading to other parts of the body) compared to conventional osteosarcomas.
Juxtacortical osteosarcomas are usually low-grade malignancies, meaning they are less aggressive and have a better prognosis than high-grade osteosarcomas. However, local recurrence is relatively common if the tumor is not completely removed during surgery. The primary treatment for juxtacortical osteosarcoma is surgical resection with wide margins, followed by close monitoring to ensure there is no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used in some cases, depending on the specific circumstances and individual patient needs.
Femoral neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the femur, which is the long thigh bone in the human body. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign femoral neoplasms are slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive and can invade nearby tissues and organs, as well as metastasize (spread) to distant sites.
There are various types of femoral neoplasms, including osteochondromas, enchondromas, chondrosarcomas, osteosarcomas, and Ewing sarcomas, among others. The specific type of neoplasm is determined by the cell type from which it arises and its behavior.
Symptoms of femoral neoplasms may include pain, swelling, stiffness, or weakness in the thigh, as well as a palpable mass or limited mobility. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, as well as biopsy to determine the type and grade of the tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the type, size, location, and stage of the neoplasm.
A cell line that is derived from tumor cells and has been adapted to grow in culture. These cell lines are often used in research to study the characteristics of cancer cells, including their growth patterns, genetic changes, and responses to various treatments. They can be established from many different types of tumors, such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. Once established, these cell lines can be grown and maintained indefinitely in the laboratory, allowing researchers to conduct experiments and studies that would not be feasible using primary tumor cells. It is important to note that tumor cell lines may not always accurately represent the behavior of the original tumor, as they can undergo genetic changes during their time in culture.
'Leg bones' is a general term that refers to the bones in the leg portion of the lower extremity. In humans, this would specifically include:
1. Femur: This is the thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It connects the hip bone to the knee.
2. Patella: This is the kneecap, a small triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint.
3. Tibia and Fibula: These are the bones of the lower leg. The tibia, or shin bone, is the larger of the two and bears most of the body's weight. It connects the knee to the ankle. The fibula, a slender bone, runs parallel to the tibia on its outside.
Please note that in medical terminology, 'leg bones' doesn't include the bones of the foot (tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges), which are often collectively referred to as the 'foot bones'.
Osteoblastoma is a rare, benign (non-cancerous) bone tumor that originates from osteoblasts, which are cells responsible for bone formation. It typically affects children and young adults, with around two-thirds of cases occurring in individuals under 30 years old.
Osteoblastomas usually develop in the long bones of the body, such as the femur (thigh bone) or tibia (shin bone), but they can also occur in the vertebrae of the spine. The tumor tends to grow slowly and may cause symptoms like pain, swelling, or tenderness in the affected area. In some cases, it can lead to pathological fractures (fractures caused by weakened bone structure).
While osteoblastomas are generally not life-threatening, they can be locally aggressive and cause significant morbidity if left untreated. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by curettage (scraping) and bone grafting to fill the void created by the tumor excision. In some cases, adjuvant therapies like cryosurgery or radiation therapy may be used to ensure complete tumor eradication.
The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm that extends from the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) to the elbow joint. It articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint and with the radius and ulna bones at the elbow joint. The proximal end of the humerus has a rounded head that provides for movement in multiple planes, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body. The greater and lesser tubercles are bony prominences on the humeral head that serve as attachment sites for muscles that move the shoulder and arm. The narrow shaft of the humerus provides stability and strength for weight-bearing activities, while the distal end forms two articulations: one with the ulna (trochlea) and one with the radius (capitulum). Together, these structures allow for a wide range of motion in the shoulder and elbow joints.
'Tumor cells, cultured' refers to the process of removing cancerous cells from a tumor and growing them in controlled laboratory conditions. This is typically done by isolating the tumor cells from a patient's tissue sample, then placing them in a nutrient-rich environment that promotes their growth and multiplication.
The resulting cultured tumor cells can be used for various research purposes, including the study of cancer biology, drug development, and toxicity testing. They provide a valuable tool for researchers to better understand the behavior and characteristics of cancer cells outside of the human body, which can lead to the development of more effective cancer treatments.
It is important to note that cultured tumor cells may not always behave exactly the same way as they do in the human body, so findings from cell culture studies must be validated through further research, such as animal models or clinical trials.
Osteoblasts are specialized bone-forming cells that are derived from mesenchymal stem cells. They play a crucial role in the process of bone formation and remodeling. Osteoblasts synthesize, secrete, and mineralize the organic matrix of bones, which is mainly composed of type I collagen.
These cells have receptors for various hormones and growth factors that regulate their activity, such as parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and transforming growth factor-beta. When osteoblasts are not actively producing bone matrix, they can become trapped within the matrix they produce, where they differentiate into osteocytes, which are mature bone cells that play a role in maintaining bone structure and responding to mechanical stress.
Abnormalities in osteoblast function can lead to various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Paget's disease of bone.
Ewing sarcoma is a type of cancer that originates in bones or the soft tissues surrounding them, such as muscles and tendons. It primarily affects children and adolescents, although it can occur in adults as well. The disease is characterized by small, round tumor cells that typically grow quickly and are prone to metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body, most commonly the lungs, bones, and bone marrow.
Ewing sarcoma is caused by a genetic abnormality, specifically a chromosomal translocation that results in the fusion of two genes, EWSR1 and FLI1. This gene fusion leads to the formation of an abnormal protein that disrupts normal cell growth and division processes, ultimately resulting in cancer.
Symptoms of Ewing sarcoma can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor but may include pain or swelling in the affected area, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans to locate the tumor, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the stage and location of the disease.
Methotrexate is a medication used in the treatment of certain types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. It is an antimetabolite that inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is necessary for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, essential components of DNA and RNA. By blocking this enzyme, methotrexate interferes with cell division and growth, making it effective in treating rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells.
In addition to its use in cancer treatment, methotrexate is also used to manage autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In these conditions, methotrexate modulates the immune system and reduces inflammation.
It's important to note that methotrexate can have significant side effects and should be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider. Regular monitoring of blood counts, liver function, and kidney function is necessary during treatment with methotrexate.
Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in the cartilaginous tissue, which is the flexible and smooth connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as the bones, ribs, and nose. It is characterized by the production of malignant cartilage cells that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).
Chondrosarcomas are typically slow-growing tumors but can be aggressive in some cases. They usually occur in adults over the age of 40, and men are more commonly affected than women. The most common sites for chondrosarcoma development include the bones of the pelvis, legs, and arms.
Treatment for chondrosarcoma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with radiation therapy or chemotherapy in some cases. The prognosis for chondrosarcoma depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor, the grade of malignancy, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
There is no medical definition for "dog diseases" as it is too broad a term. However, dogs can suffer from various health conditions and illnesses that are specific to their species or similar to those found in humans. Some common categories of dog diseases include:
1. Infectious Diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include distemper, parvovirus, kennel cough, Lyme disease, and heartworms.
2. Hereditary/Genetic Disorders: Some dogs may inherit certain genetic disorders from their parents. Examples include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and degenerative myelopathy.
3. Age-Related Diseases: As dogs age, they become more susceptible to various health issues. Common age-related diseases in dogs include arthritis, dental disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS).
4. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition or improper feeding can lead to various health problems in dogs. Examples include obesity, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.
5. Environmental Diseases: These are caused by exposure to environmental factors such as toxins, allergens, or extreme temperatures. Examples include heatstroke, frostbite, and toxicities from ingesting harmful substances.
6. Neurological Disorders: Dogs can suffer from various neurological conditions that affect their nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and vestibular disease.
7. Behavioral Disorders: Some dogs may develop behavioral issues due to various factors such as anxiety, fear, or aggression. Examples include separation anxiety, noise phobias, and resource guarding.
It's important to note that regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, exercise, and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of many dog diseases.
Doxorubicin is a type of chemotherapy medication known as an anthracycline. It works by interfering with the DNA in cancer cells, which prevents them from growing and multiplying. Doxorubicin is used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and many others. It may be given alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.
Doxorubicin is usually administered through a vein (intravenously) and can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, and increased risk of infection. It can also cause damage to the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure in some cases. For this reason, doctors may monitor patients' heart function closely while they are receiving doxorubicin treatment.
It is important for patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits of doxorubicin therapy with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.
Neoplastic gene expression regulation refers to the processes that control the production of proteins and other molecules from genes in neoplastic cells, or cells that are part of a tumor or cancer. In a normal cell, gene expression is tightly regulated to ensure that the right genes are turned on or off at the right time. However, in cancer cells, this regulation can be disrupted, leading to the overexpression or underexpression of certain genes.
Neoplastic gene expression regulation can be affected by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and signals from the tumor microenvironment. These changes can lead to the activation of oncogenes (genes that promote cancer growth and development) or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (genes that prevent cancer).
Understanding neoplastic gene expression regulation is important for developing new therapies for cancer, as targeting specific genes or pathways involved in this process can help to inhibit cancer growth and progression.
Lung neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the lung tissue. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant lung neoplasms are further classified into two main types: small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung neoplasms can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss. They are often caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, but can also occur due to genetic factors, radiation exposure, and other environmental carcinogens. Early detection and treatment of lung neoplasms is crucial for improving outcomes and survival rates.
Cell proliferation is the process by which cells increase in number, typically through the process of cell division. In the context of biology and medicine, it refers to the reproduction of cells that makes up living tissue, allowing growth, maintenance, and repair. It involves several stages including the transition from a phase of quiescence (G0 phase) to an active phase (G1 phase), DNA replication in the S phase, and mitosis or M phase, where the cell divides into two daughter cells.
Abnormal or uncontrolled cell proliferation is a characteristic feature of many diseases, including cancer, where deregulated cell cycle control leads to excessive and unregulated growth of cells, forming tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites in the body.
Antineoplastic agents are a class of drugs used to treat malignant neoplasms or cancer. These agents work by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, either by killing them or preventing their division and replication. Antineoplastic agents can be classified based on their mechanism of action, such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, and targeted therapy agents.
Alkylating agents work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, which can cause cross-linking of DNA strands and ultimately lead to cell death. Antimetabolites interfere with the metabolic processes necessary for DNA synthesis and replication, while topoisomerase inhibitors prevent the relaxation of supercoiled DNA during replication. Mitotic inhibitors disrupt the normal functioning of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for cell division. Targeted therapy agents are designed to target specific molecular abnormalities in cancer cells, such as mutated oncogenes or dysregulated signaling pathways.
It's important to note that antineoplastic agents can also affect normal cells and tissues, leading to various side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow function). Therefore, the use of these drugs requires careful monitoring and management of their potential adverse effects.
Neoplasm metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the primary site (where the original or primary tumor formed) to other places in the body. This happens when cancer cells break away from the original (primary) tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The cancer cells can then travel to other parts of the body and form new tumors, called secondary tumors or metastases.
Metastasis is a key feature of malignant neoplasms (cancers), and it is one of the main ways that cancer can cause harm in the body. The metastatic tumors may continue to grow and may cause damage to the organs and tissues where they are located. They can also release additional cancer cells into the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to further spread of the cancer.
The metastatic tumors are named based on the location where they are found, as well as the type of primary cancer. For example, if a patient has a primary lung cancer that has metastasized to the liver, the metastatic tumor would be called a liver metastasis from lung cancer.
It is important to note that the presence of metastases can significantly affect a person's prognosis and treatment options. In general, metastatic cancer is more difficult to treat than cancer that has not spread beyond its original site. However, there are many factors that can influence a person's prognosis and response to treatment, so it is important for each individual to discuss their specific situation with their healthcare team.
Apoptosis is a programmed and controlled cell death process that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is a natural process that helps maintain tissue homeostasis by eliminating damaged, infected, or unwanted cells. During apoptosis, the cell undergoes a series of morphological changes, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into membrane-bound vesicles called apoptotic bodies. These bodies are then recognized and engulfed by neighboring cells or phagocytic cells, preventing an inflammatory response. Apoptosis is regulated by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways that involve proteins such as caspases, Bcl-2 family members, and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs).
Amputation is defined as the surgical removal of all or part of a limb or extremity such as an arm, leg, foot, hand, toe, or finger. This procedure is typically performed to remove damaged or dead tissue due to various reasons like severe injury, infection, tumors, or chronic conditions that impair circulation, such as diabetes or peripheral arterial disease. The goal of amputation is to alleviate pain, prevent further complications, and improve the patient's quality of life. Following the surgery, patients may require rehabilitation and prosthetic devices to help them adapt to their new physical condition.
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancers, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, head and neck, lung, and cervical cancers. It is an inorganic platinum compound that contains a central platinum atom surrounded by two chloride atoms and two ammonia molecules in a cis configuration.
Cisplatin works by forming crosslinks between DNA strands, which disrupts the structure of DNA and prevents cancer cells from replicating. This ultimately leads to cell death and slows down or stops the growth of tumors. However, cisplatin can also cause damage to normal cells, leading to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hearing loss, and kidney damage. Therefore, it is essential to monitor patients closely during treatment and manage any adverse effects promptly.
Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent, which is a type of chemotherapy medication. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Ifosfamide is used to treat various types of cancers, such as testicular cancer, small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and certain types of sarcomas.
The medical definition of Ifosfamide is:
Ifosfamide is a synthetic antineoplastic agent, an oxazaphosphorine derivative, with the chemical formula C6H15Cl2N2O2P. It is used in the treatment of various malignancies, including germ cell tumors, sarcomas, lymphomas, and testicular cancer. The drug is administered intravenously and exerts its cytotoxic effects through the alkylation and cross-linking of DNA, leading to the inhibition of DNA replication and transcription. Ifosfamide can cause significant myelosuppression and has been associated with urotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and secondary malignancies. Therefore, it is essential to monitor patients closely during treatment and manage any adverse effects promptly.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Osteitis deformans, also known as Paget's disease of bone, is a chronic disorder of the bone characterized by abnormal turnover and remodeling of the bone. In this condition, the bone becomes enlarged, thickened, and deformed due to excessive and disorganized bone formation and resorption.
The process begins when the bone-remodeling cycle is disrupted, leading to an imbalance between the activity of osteoclasts (cells that break down bone) and osteoblasts (cells that form new bone). In Paget's disease, osteoclasts become overactive and increase bone resorption, followed by an overzealous response from osteoblasts, which attempt to repair the damage but do so in a disorganized manner.
The affected bones can become weakened, prone to fractures, and may cause pain, deformities, or other complications such as arthritis, hearing loss, or neurological symptoms if the skull or spine is involved. The exact cause of Paget's disease remains unknown, but it is believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms and prevent complications associated with osteitis deformans. Treatment options include medications to slow down bone turnover, pain management, and orthopedic interventions when necessary.
"Bone" is the hard, dense connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrate animals. It provides support and protection for the body's internal organs, and serves as a attachment site for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Bone is composed of cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and resorption, respectively, and an extracellular matrix made up of collagen fibers and mineral crystals.
Bones can be classified into two main types: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone is dense and hard, and makes up the outer layer of all bones and the shafts of long bones. Spongy bone is less dense and contains large spaces, and makes up the ends of long bones and the interior of flat and irregular bones.
The human body has 206 bones in total. They can be further classified into five categories based on their shape: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from certain types of connective tissue (such as muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or nerves) found throughout the body. It can occur in any part of the body, but it most commonly occurs in the arms, legs, chest, and abdomen.
Sarcomas are classified into two main groups: bone sarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas. Bone sarcomas develop in the bones, while soft tissue sarcomas develop in the soft tissues of the body, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood vessels, and nerves.
Sarcomas can be further classified into many subtypes based on their specific characteristics, such as the type of tissue they originate from, their genetic makeup, and their appearance under a microscope. The different subtypes of sarcoma have varying symptoms, prognoses, and treatment options.
Overall, sarcomas are relatively rare cancers, accounting for less than 1% of all cancer diagnoses in the United States each year. However, they can be aggressive and may require intensive treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
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Osteosarcoma - Wikipedia
Osteosarcoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Osteosarcoma | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Osteosarcoma OST
Osteosarcoma: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
What Is Osteosarcoma?
Help Elena Maijo to fight Femur Osteosarcoma | Indiegogo
https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq
Osteosarcoma Diagnosis | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Jaw osteosarcoma models in mice: first description
Fundraiser by Amanda Solomiany : The Osteosarcoma Society
Long Term Effects of Osteosarcoma Treatment | Moffitt
osteosarcoma Archives - ACCO
A Case of Osteosarcoma - Prafful Vijayakar
My Golden Retriever dog has osteosarcoma - Questions & Answers | VetInfo/QA
Prognosis of Primary Osteosarcoma | Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Pediatric Osteosarcoma Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Inpatient & Outpatient Medications
Osteosarcoma Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, Research & Support
Luke's Story: Surviving Osteosarcoma - Children's Cancer Research Fund
Melanoma survivor, osteosarcoma caregiver: MD Anderson saved my life - and my daughter's | MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cell Based Therapies for Osteosarcoma by MIB Agents OsteoBites
Mutational activation of ras genes is absent in pediatric osteosarcoma
Convolutional Neural Network for Histopathological Osteosarcoma Image Classification
A Phase II Study of Hu3F8 plus GM-CSF to Prevent Osteosarcoma Recurrence | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Prosthetic and Orthotics Market is anticipated to gain growth with the rising incidence of osteosarcoma
Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma | Lund University Publications
Osteosarcoma Symptoms & Treatment | King Hussein Cancer Foundation and Center
Correction: MicroRNA-221 promotes cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma cells by targeting PPP2R2A | Bioscience Reports |...
Metabolic alterations in dogs with osteosarcoma in: American Journal of Veterinary Research Volume 62 Issue 8 ()
Genetic Susceptibility to Pediatric Osteosarcoma and Interaction with Measures of Childhood Growth | Alex's Lemonade Stand...
Chemotherapy14
- Treatments for osteosarcoma may include surgery and chemotherapy. (stbaldricks.org)
- Having past treatment with chemotherapy or radiation can increase the risk of osteosarcoma. (cancer.gov)
- When chemotherapy is used as a treatment for osteosarcoma, most of the side effects appear during the treatment process. (moffitt.org)
- As with chemotherapy, osteosarcoma surgery is most frequently associated with short-term side effects. (moffitt.org)
- We agree that changes in blood flow between a pretherapeutic and a posttherapeutic 3-phase bone scan correlate with the response of an osteosarcoma to chemotherapy, as has been demonstrated by several authors. (snmjournals.org)
- Recent studies suggest that 18 F-FDG PET may also be useful for the monitoring of chemotherapy response in osteosarcomas ( 2 , 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
- Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is well know to be an important prognostic parameter in osteosarcoma ( 4 ). (snmjournals.org)
- Osteosarcoma is often treated with a combination of therapies that can include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. (sarcomahelp.org)
- Paraffin-embedded tumor samples from diagnostic biopsies, from tumor en bloc resection tissue after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and samples from metastases were examined in search of point mutations in H, K, and N-ras genes at codons 12 and 61 by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), slot-blotting, and radioactive labeled specific DNA probes. (cun.es)
- Seventy-two patients with primary resected osteosarcomas underwent adjuvant radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from December 1984 to December 2008. (cun.es)
- Conversely, presence of autophagy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as measured by LC3B-puncta, predicts longer overall survival in osteosarcoma patients with localized disease. (tmc.edu)
- We additionally evaluated the significance of chemotherapy-induced autophagy in 2 human osteosarcoma cell lines: LM7 and CCH-OS-D. Both doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CDDP) were found to induce autophagy. (tmc.edu)
- These findings support a dual role of chemotherapy-induced autophagy and potential application of pHSP27 as a predictive biomarker of autophagy inhibitors in osteosarcoma. (tmc.edu)
- For three years after being diagnosed with osteosarcoma, my son Willie endured 12 surgical procedures, 32 intensive chemotherapy treatments, 12 blood transfusions, and 17 hospital stays. (who.int)
Develop osteosarcoma4
- In a very small number of families, siblings develop osteosarcoma. (childrensoncologygroup.org)
- Not every child with one or more of these risk factors will develop osteosarcoma, and it will develop in some children who don't have any known risk factors. (cancer.gov)
- Note: this finding does not indicate that tall individuals are more likely to develop osteosarcoma. (alexslemonade.org)
- Pet dogs naturally develop osteosarcoma providing a novel opportunity to model metastasis development and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Newly diagnosed osteosarcoma2
- A reassessment of bone scintigraphy and commonly tested pretreatment biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed osteosarcoma. (snmjournals.org)
- Indeed, the 5-year survival for newly diagnosed osteosarcoma patients has not significantly changed in over 20 years. (biomedcentral.com)
Sarcoma7
- An osteosarcoma (OS) or osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) (or simply bone cancer) is a cancerous tumor in a bone. (wikipedia.org)
- Osteosarcoma is the most common histological form of primary bone sarcoma. (wikipedia.org)
- Osteosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone treatment (PDQ) - health professional version. (medlineplus.gov)
- Osteosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of bone are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells form in bone. (cancer.gov)
- Osteosarcoma is one of more than 50 kinds of sarcoma. (sarcomahelp.org)
- Patients with osteosarcoma are best treated at a cancer center where an expert sarcoma team and resources are available to provide specialized and responsive care. (sarcomahelp.org)
- The Sarcoma Alliance for Research Through Collaboration conducted a phase II trial of gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel in children and adults with recurrent Ewing sarcoma (EWS), osteosarcoma (OS), or unresectable or recurrent chondrosarcoma. (nih.gov)
Risk of osteosarcoma2
- See Small supernumerary marker chromosomes and giant rod chromosomes in osteosarcomas) Familial cases where the deletion of chromosome 13q14 inactivates the retinoblastoma gene is associated with a high risk of osteosarcoma development. (wikipedia.org)
- None of these studies found any correlation between fluoride and the risk of osteosarcoma (7). (vic.gov.au)
Cases of osteosarcoma4
- Approximately 800 new cases of osteosarcoma are reported each year in the U.S. Of these cases, about 400 are in children and teens. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Scientists have not discovered the cause of most cases of osteosarcoma. (sarcomahelp.org)
- In Australia, an average of nine to ten cases of osteosarcoma are diagnosed each year in children under the age of 15 (1). (vic.gov.au)
- A comparison of data on cases of osteosarcoma between 1994 and 2006 in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas showed no significant differences. (vic.gov.au)
Dogs with osteosarcoma2
- Objective -To evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) as well as protein and carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA). (avma.org)
- These bone lesions have been identified in up to 25% of dogs with osteosarcoma at the time of initial diagnosis. (ethosvet.com)
Overall survival in osteosarcoma patients1
- PHGDH was identified as being overexpressed in osteosarcoma and correlated with significantly poorer relapse-free survival and overall survival in osteosarcoma patients. (wustl.edu)
Human osteosarcoma2
- These findings suggest that the activation by point mutations at codons 12 and 61 of the H, K, and N-ras genes does not play a role in the pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma. (cun.es)
- The human osteosarcoma U2OS cell line is one of the first generated cell lines and is used in various areas of biomedical research. (iiarjournals.org)
Canine osteosarcoma5
- This is a medication that has been used in the past to treat osteoporosis, and is an anti-bone cancer drug that has been recently evaluated for treatment of canine osteosarcoma patients when amputation is not an option. (ethosvet.com)
- Given the accelerated biology of canine osteosarcoma, we hypothesized that a direct comparison of canine and pediatric osteosarcoma expression profiles may help identify novel metastasis-associated tumor targets that have been missed through the study of the human cancer alone. (biomedcentral.com)
- Collectively, these data support the strong similarities between human and canine osteosarcoma and underline the opportunities provided by a comparative oncology approach as a means to improve our understanding of cancer biology and therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Overexpression of the erbB-2 proto-oncogene in canine osteosarcoma cell lines and tumors. (cdc.gov)
- The status of the erbB-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu) proto-oncogene in canine osteosarcoma (OSA) has not been reported previously. (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis6
- Other cell populations may also be present, as these types of cells may also arise from pluripotential mesenchymal cells, but any area of malignant bone in the lesion establishes the diagnosis as osteosarcoma. (medscape.com)
- Blood tests and imaging to view the involved bone(s) are used to diagnosis kids with osteosarcoma. (stbaldricks.org)
- An x-ray is often the first diagnostic test that osteosarcoma patients receive, and an experienced radiologist may recognize immediately that bone cancer is the likely diagnosis. (sarcomahelp.org)
- What did come as a surprise was my own metastatic melanoma diagnosis in August 2013 - and my daughter's metastatic osteosarcoma diagnosis just one year later. (mdanderson.org)
- Because this study utilizes biologic specimens collected at birth, years prior to diagnosis, its powerful design enables identification of potential biomarkers of future osteosarcoma risk. (alexslemonade.org)
- Prognosis for osteosarcoma: Without treatment, most families elect euthanasia relatively soon after diagnosis due to pain that cannot be adequately controlled with medication. (ethosvet.com)
20211
- On December 14, 2021, Walker found out that he was battling osteosarcoma after a bike injury. (acco.org)
Cancer34
- There is no clear association between water fluoridation and cancer or deaths due to cancer, both for cancer in general and also specifically for bone cancer and osteosarcoma. (wikipedia.org)
- Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children. (medlineplus.gov)
- Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that usually develops in the osteoblast cells that form bone. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- A rare family predisposition to multiple types of cancers (such as soft tissue sarcomas, breast cancer, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, and others) caused by a mutation in a gene-the p53 tumor-suppressor gene-that normally curbs cancer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Osteosarcoma is a cancer of the bone. (childrensoncologygroup.org)
- Most osteosarcomas develop in people who have no other diseases and no family history of bone cancer. (childrensoncologygroup.org)
- If such a defect is found, it may help doctors identify other family members at risk and allow them to better understand the process by which cancer develops in other patients with osteosarcoma. (childrensoncologygroup.org)
- Researchers believe that osteosarcoma is may be caused by a combination of genetic changes that cause immature bone cells to become cancer cells instead of bone. (childrensoncologygroup.org)
- A type of childhood cancer , osteosarcoma is commonly found in children children, teens, and young adults between the ages of 10 and 30. (stbaldricks.org)
- They tested Vactosertib, an adult pancreatic cancer drug, for its effect on preventing the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells in models. (stbaldricks.org)
- Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that produces immature bone. (sarcomahelp.org)
- Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer, often found in teens and young adults. (childrenscancer.org)
- Osteosarcoma is one of the most widespread causes of bone cancer globally and has a high mortality rate. (techscience.com)
- Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent kind of malignant bone cancer which occurs in the metaphysis of long bones on lower limbs. (techscience.com)
- 3F8 is an antibody that attaches to a protein on cancer cells (including osteosarcoma cells) called GD2 and helps focus a patient's own immune system (especially white blood cells) to attack the cancer cells. (mskcc.org)
- The purpose of this study is to see if treatment with Hu3F8 plus GM-CSF can help patients with osteosarcoma that has been surgically removed to prevent the cancer from coming back. (mskcc.org)
- Dr. Kyle Walsh, of Duke University, had a theory that the genes that determine height might have something to do with the development of osteosarcoma, the most common type of childhood bone cancer. (alexslemonade.org)
- Then, using data from the California Cancer Registry, Dr. Walsh studied only the blood spots from children who were later diagnosed with osteosarcoma. (alexslemonade.org)
- Dr. Walsh plans to investigate how environmental exposures and dietary factors might interact with established osteosarcoma risk factors, like height, to modify cancer risk in children. (alexslemonade.org)
- He continues to incorporate genetic data into his study to gain more specific understanding of osteosarcoma, the third most common cancer in adolescents. (alexslemonade.org)
- By leveraging a large multi-ethnic patient population drawn from the California Birth Cohort, we will compare the genomes of 545 children with osteosarcoma to the genomes of 3545 cancer-free individuals to identify genetic risk factors underlying this disease. (alexslemonade.org)
- The most frequent primary bone cancer in teenagers, osteosarcoma (OS), is particularly aggressive with a high mortality rate. (jcancer.org)
- Brown HK, Tellez-Gabriel M and Heymann D: Cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
- We evaluated the occurrence of cytoplasmic LC3B (light chain 3B)-positive puncta (a marker of autophagy) and presence of HSP27 (heat shock protein 27) in cancer cells within pre-treatment biopsy, post-treatment surgical resection, and metastatic osteosarcoma specimens by immunohistochemistry in 260 patients. (tmc.edu)
- The first research aim was to identify the role of serine and glycine biology in osteosarcoma, the most common bone cancer in children and young adults. (wustl.edu)
- Osteosarcoma is a highly metastatic cancer of bone seen primarily in pediatric patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- Claims have been made that fluoride is associated with osteosarcoma (bone cancer). (vic.gov.au)
- Osteosarcoma is a primary bone cancer - a cancer starting in the bone. (vic.gov.au)
- In 2006, a paper published in the journal Cancer Causes and Control found an association between osteosarcoma and fluoride in drinking water in males, but not in females (13). (vic.gov.au)
- Osteosarcoma is the third most common cancer in adolescence, occurring less frequently than only lymphomas and brain tumors. (medscape.com)
- Pan-cancer analysis shows that IBSP is a potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker for multiple cancer types including osteosarcoma. (bvsalud.org)
- La présente étude transversale a été menée auprès de 138 enfants atteints de cancer et traités dans l'Unité d'oncologie pédiatrique du Centre d'oncologie de l'Université de Mansoura, en Égypte. (who.int)
- En revanche, les patients de moins de cinq ans et ceux avec un diagnostic de cancer provisoire posé initialement bénéficiaient du délai total médian le plus court. (who.int)
- Nous suggérons de mettre en place des programmes de formation médicale continue, d'améliorer l'accès aux services de diagnostic, et de faciliter l'orientation-recours de façon à donner la priorité aux patients suspects de cancer et ainsi raccourcir le délai de diagnostic. (who.int)
Tumor10
- The result is that the median fluoride concentrations in bone samples of osteosarcoma patients and tumor controls are not significantly different. (wikipedia.org)
- Osteosarcoma is a very rare type of cancerous bone tumor that usually develops in teenagers and young adults. (medlineplus.gov)
- Osteosarcoma can occur, very rarely, as a tumor of the soft tissues of the body, outside the bone itself. (childrensoncologygroup.org)
- Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor and can occur in any bone, usually in the extremities of long bones near metaphyseal growth plates. (medscape.com)
- The biopsy will also show whether the tumor is high grade (highly malignant, which is the case for most osteosarcomas) or low grade. (sarcomahelp.org)
- Tumor samples from a series of 49 pediatric patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma and treated at our institution were evaluated. (cun.es)
- In addition to studying the heritable causes of osteosarcoma, we also seek to identify genetic variants that are associated with poor prognostic factors, such as larger tumor size and presence of distant metastases. (alexslemonade.org)
- Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults, is known to be highly aggressive and cause progressive bone destruction ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
- Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is a malignant tumor of soft tissue origin comprising tumor cells that produce osteoid matrix. (researchsquare.com)
- Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor that can occur in any bone. (medscape.com)
Exact cause of osteosarcoma2
- The exact cause of osteosarcoma is not known, but it is believed to be due to DNA mutations inside bone cells-either inherited or acquired after birth. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The exact cause of osteosarcoma is unknown. (medscape.com)
Prognosis2
- It showed that initial 18 F-FDG T/NT max values clearly discriminated between osteosarcoma patients with a high probability of overall and event-free survival and osteosarcoma patients with a poor prognosis. (snmjournals.org)
- Patients with LC3B+/HSP27- tumors at resection had the best prognosis whereas patients with LC3B-/HSP27+ osteosarcoma had the worst long-term survival. (tmc.edu)
People with osteosarcoma2
- Most people with osteosarcoma do not feel sick. (sarcomahelp.org)
- The second part of the Harvard study, published in 2011, compared the fluoride levels in bones near tumours in people with osteosarcoma to the levels in people with other types of bone tumours. (vic.gov.au)
Analysis of Osteosarcoma1
- Further analysis of osteosarcoma cells treated with PHGDH inhibitors identified blocked mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, causing full shunting of glucose through glycolysis and into lactate. (wustl.edu)
Children with osteosarcoma1
- What treatment options are available for children with osteosarcoma? (stbaldricks.org)
Metastasis of osteosarcoma1
- As an alternative, a whole body CT scan or x-rays can provide a rapid and accurate means of evaluation of general health and for visible metastasis of osteosarcoma. (ethosvet.com)
Inhibitors in osteosarcoma1
- The final research aim sought to elucidate the mechanism of activity of non-rapalog mTOR inhibitors in osteosarcoma. (wustl.edu)
Prognostic4
- 1 ) dealing with the prognostic significance of 18 F-FDG and 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake in primary osteosarcoma. (snmjournals.org)
- Franzius C, Bielack S, Flege S, Sciuk J, Jürgens H, Schober O. Prognostic significance of 18 F-FDG and 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate uptake in primary osteosarcoma. (snmjournals.org)
- These findings indicate that HSP27 expression is a negative prognostic biomarker in osteosarcoma. (tmc.edu)
- In addition, we constructed a risk score model to assessed the prognostic classification efficiency of IBSP using the co-expression genes of IBSP in osteosarcoma (OS), and analyzed the expression and role of IBSP in OS through a series of assays in vitro . (bvsalud.org)
Chondrosarcoma1
- With patients who present with locally advanced or metastatic chondrosarcoma, chordoma, or osteosarcoma, physicians should discuss the options surrounding deep-sequencing genomic tests, which may identify mutations that may be responsive to specific therapies and thus may guide referral to clinical trials. (medscape.com)
Primary osteosarcomas2
- However, attenuation should not play a major role in these young patients, as nearly all primary osteosarcomas were localized in the extremities (with the exception of one pelvic osteosarcoma). (snmjournals.org)
- We identified PFN1 as causative gene in osteosarcoma associated with Paget's disease of bone (OS/PDB), and disclosed its genomic loss also in primary osteosarcomas. (cnr.it)
Metastatic osteosarcoma1
- Meazza C and Scanagatta P: Metastatic osteosarcoma: A challenging multidisciplinary treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
Incidence2
- Rapid bone growth appears to predispose persons to osteosarcoma, as suggested by the increased incidence during the adolescent growth spurt , the high incidence among large-breed dogs (eg, Great Dane, St Bernard, German shepherd), and osteosarcoma's typical location in the metaphyseal area adjacent to the growth plate (physis) of long bones. (medscape.com)
- The study concluded that osteosarcoma incidence in Ireland is not related to public water fluoridation. (vic.gov.au)
Knee4
- Osteosarcoma tends to affect regions around the knee in 60% of cases, 15% around the hip, 10% at the shoulder, and 8% in the jaw. (wikipedia.org)
- Osteosarcoma most commonly happens in the long bones around the knee. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Osteosarcoma may be triggered by over-activity of bone cells and usually starts in the bones around the knee joint, in the upper or lower leg next to the knee, or in the thigh, but can begin in any bone in the body. (childrensoncologygroup.org)
- Lateral plain radiograph of the knee reveals an osteosarcoma of the distal femur. (medscape.com)
Biopsy2
- A biopsy is done to diagnose osteosarcoma. (cancer.gov)
- We look at the biopsy for evidence of osteosarcoma. (mskcc.org)
Fluoride in water1
- Series of research concluded that concentration of fluoride in water does not associate with osteosarcoma. (wikipedia.org)
Patients13
- Most of the research involved counting number of osteosarcoma patients cases in particular areas which has difference concentrations of fluoride in drinking water. (wikipedia.org)
- Another important research involved collecting bone samples from osteosarcoma patients to measure fluoride concentration and compare them to bone samples of newly diagnosed malignant bone tumors. (wikipedia.org)
- Not only fluoride concentration in bones, Fluoride exposures of osteosarcoma patients are also proven to be not significantly different from healthy people. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 5 ] Such multifocal osteosarcoma is decidedly rare, but when it occurs, it tends to be in patients younger than 10 years. (medscape.com)
- Patients who are 10-20 years of age account for 60% of osteosarcoma cases. (stbaldricks.org)
- However, it is believed that about 80% of patients with high grade osteosarcoma already have metastatic disease that is not yet visible on imaging tests. (sarcomahelp.org)
- While osteosarcoma is a tough journey for most patients, this episode will fill you with hope. (spotify.com)
- To assess long-term outcomes and toxicity of adjuvant radiotherapy in the post-surgical management of patients with resected high-grade skeletal osteosarcomas. (cun.es)
- A multimodal radiotherapy-containing approach is a well-tolerated component of treatment for patients with osteosarcomas undergoing programed resection, allowing low toxicity rates while maintaining high local control rates. (cun.es)
- This trial studies the side effects and best dose of activated T cells armed with GD2 bispecific antibody and how well they work in treating patients with neurblastoma, osteosarcoma, and other GD2+ solid tumors. (solvingkidscancer.org)
- Unlike osteosarcoma, which frequently occurs in teenagers, the onset age of EOS is generally older, most of the victims being middle-aged and elderly patients 2 , 5 . (researchsquare.com)
- Expression of these genes in an independent population of pediatric osteosarcoma patients was associated with poor outcome (p = 0.020 and p = 0.026, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
- Osteosarcoma is rarely diagnosed in patients younger than 5 years (about 1% of cases). (medscape.com)
Occur3
- Osteosarcomas tend to occur at the sites of bone growth, presumably because proliferation makes osteoblastic cells in this region prone to acquire mutations that could lead to transformation of cells (the RB gene and p53 gene are commonly involved). (wikipedia.org)
- Most people diagnosed with osteosarcoma are under the age of 25, and it is thought to occur more often in males than females. (sarcomahelp.org)
- Periosteal Osteosarcomas are rare, malignant, intermediate-grade, surface osteosarcomas that occur most commonly on the diaphysis of the femur and tibia. (orthobullets.com)
Symptoms5
- What are the symptoms of osteosarcoma? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The following are the most common symptoms of osteosarcoma. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The symptoms of osteosarcoma may resemble other medical conditions. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Signs and symptoms of osteosarcoma and UPS include swelling over a bone or a bony part of the body and joint pain. (cancer.gov)
- These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by osteosarcoma or UPS or by other conditions. (cancer.gov)
Biomarker1
- Man YN, Sun Y, Chen PJ, Wu H, He ML. TAF1D Functions as a Novel Biomarker in Osteosarcoma. (jcancer.org)
Survival4
- Jaw osteosarcoma (JOS) is rare and it differs from other OS in terms of the time of occurrence (two decades later) and better survival. (nih.gov)
- For example, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (CI), despite showing promising results as an anticancer approach, triggers TME-mediated survival mechanisms in subcutaneous osteosarcoma xenografts, a response that may vary according to whether the tumors are induced via subcutaneous injection or by intrabone orthotopic transplantation. (crick.ac.uk)
- Inhibition of PHGDH resulted in decreased cellular proliferation, but did not cause cell death, suggesting that while osteosarcoma cells rely on PHGDH for sustained cellular growth and proliferation, the survival of the cells was not solely reliant on serine metabolism. (wustl.edu)
- Osteosarcoma cells, possibly due to the bone microenvironment, do not exhibit a modified response as a result of serine and glycine deprivation, further demonstrating that they are not solely reliant on serine and glycine biology for survival. (wustl.edu)
Progression1
- The pseudo-orthotopic approach allowed investigation of osteosarcoma progression in a bone-like microenvironment setting, without being invasive as the intrabone cell transplantation. (crick.ac.uk)
Genes2
- How do genes drive the growth and spread of osteosarcoma? (childrenwithcancer.org.uk)
- Cross-species target mining identified two genes, interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) and solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 ( SLC1A3 ), which were uniformly expressed in dog but not in all pediatric osteosarcoma patient samples. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment11
- What Are the Long-Term Effects of Treatment for Osteosarcoma? (moffitt.org)
- Osteosarcoma treatment can produce both short-term and long-term side effects. (moffitt.org)
- Our osteosarcoma specialists can provide more specific information about the potential side effects of treatment. (moffitt.org)
- Osteosarcomas range from low grade tumors that only require surgery to high grade tumors that require an aggressive treatment regimen. (sarcomahelp.org)
- Each week, MIB Agents talks with the leaders and innovators in osteosarcoma surgery, research, treatment and advocacy. (spotify.com)
- Ultimately, this finding could guide future research efforts to identify specific genetic targets for prevention or treatment of osteosarcoma. (alexslemonade.org)
- Osteosarcoma cells (MG‑63 and U2OS) treated with various concentrations of HGK were assigned to the treatment group. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Luetke A, Meyers PA, Lewis I and Juergens H: Osteosarcoma treatment-where do we stand? (spandidos-publications.com)
- Sreeja S, Parameshwar R, Varma PRH and Sailaja GS: Hierarchically porous osteoinductive Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) scaffold with sustained doxorubicin delivery for consolidated osteosarcoma treatment and bone defect repair. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Rapamycin-based mTORC1 inhibitors have been used in osteosarcoma with limited success, and the combination of PHGDH inhibition with rapamycin treatment did not result in any enhanced cell death. (wustl.edu)
- Guidelines on treatment of osteosarcoma have been issued by the National Comprehensive Care Network (NCCN) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO). (medscape.com)
Fibrosarcoma1
- some better than osteosarcoma (fibrosarcoma), some less favorable (hemangiosarcoma). (ethosvet.com)
Conventional3
- This article only addresses conventional osteosarcoma (often referred to simply as osteosarcoma). (medscape.com)
- Histological characterization of the tumors revealed features consistent with high grade conventional osteosarcoma, and the micro-CT analysis revealed both osteogenic and osteolytic lesions. (nih.gov)
- The most common pathologic subtype is conventional central osteosarcoma. (medscape.com)
Commonly1
- Osteosarcoma occurs most commonly in large bones in the area of bone with the fastest growth rate. (medlineplus.gov)
Tissues2
- Osteosarcoma may grow into nearby tissues, such as tendons or muscles. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Validation of IL-8 and SLC1A3 protein expression in pediatric osteosarcoma tissues further supported the potential value of these novel targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell proliferation2
- Li C, Yu T, Qiu H, Zhao X, Zhou C and Qi C: [Retracted] miR‑150 is downregulated in osteosarcoma and suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting ROCK1. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of different CAP sources and application times on osteosarcoma (OS) cells and non-malignant fibroblast cell proliferation. (iiarjournals.org)
Additionally1
- Additionally, establishing osteosarcomas in a humanized bone niche model identified a peculiar association between targeting CI and bone tissue preservation. (crick.ac.uk)
Shoulder1
- Other sites for osteosarcoma include the upper leg, or thighbone, the lower leg, upper arm bone, or any bone in the body, including those in the pelvis, shoulder, and skull. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Rarely1
- Rarely, osteosarcoma may be found in soft tissue or organs in the chest or abdomen . (cancer.gov)
Lesion1
- However, it is reasonable to proceed with amputation based on x-ray appearance alone, based on high likelihood of osteosarcoma as the cause of the bone lesion. (ethosvet.com)
Mechanism2
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of HGK on osteosarcoma and its specific molecular mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)
- These data highlight a potentially unrecognized mechanism of DAXX inactivation in ALT positive osteosarcoma and provide rationale for thorough and comprehensive analyses of ATRX/DAXX/H3.3 proteins in ALT positive cancers. (oncotarget.com)