Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.
Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge.
Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain (EARACHE), fever, HEARING DISORDERS, and VERTIGO. Inflammation of the external ear is OTITIS EXTERNA; of the middle ear, OTITIS MEDIA; of the inner ear, LABYRINTHITIS.
The space and structures directly internal to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and external to the inner ear (LABYRINTH). Its major components include the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat.
A genus of the family Chinchillidae which consists of three species: C. brevicaudata, C. lanigera, and C. villidera. They are used extensively in biomedical research.
Ventilation of the middle ear in the treatment of secretory (serous) OTITIS MEDIA, usually by placement of tubes or grommets which pierce the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
A narrow passageway that connects the upper part of the throat to the TYMPANIC CAVITY.
Examination of the EAR CANAL and eardrum with an OTOSCOPE.
A species of HAEMOPHILUS found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through VIII.
Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA.
Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.
A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE). Clinical signs depend on the size, location, and associated pathological condition.
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.
Inflammation of the inner ear (LABYRINTH).
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.
Objective tests of middle ear function based on the difficulty (impedance) or ease (admittance) of sound flow through the middle ear. These include static impedance and dynamic impedance (i.e., tympanometry and impedance tests in conjunction with intra-aural muscle reflex elicitation). This term is used also for various components of impedance and admittance (e.g., compliance, conductance, reactance, resistance, susceptance).
Infections with bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE.
Hearing loss due to interference with the mechanical reception or amplification of sound to the COCHLEA. The interference is in the outer or middle ear involving the EAR CANAL; TYMPANIC MEMBRANE; or EAR OSSICLES.
The narrow passage way that conducts the sound collected by the EAR AURICLE to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.
A mass of KERATIN-producing squamous EPITHELIUM that resembles an inverted (suck-in) bag of skin in the MIDDLE EAR. It arises from the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE) and grows into the MIDDLE EAR causing erosion of EAR OSSICLES and MASTOID that contains the INNER EAR.
A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.
A surgical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat.
Surgical reconstruction of the hearing mechanism of the middle ear, with restoration of the drum membrane to protect the round window from sound pressure, and establishment of ossicular continuity between the tympanic membrane and the oval window. (Dorland, 28th ed.)
A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.
Instruments designed to inspect or auscultate the ear. They are designed primarily to examine the outer ear canal and tympanic membrane by means of light and air under moderate pressure, as with a pneumatic otoscope. (UMDNS, 1999)
A collection of lymphoid nodules on the posterior wall and roof of the NASOPHARYNX.
The posterior part of the temporal bone. It is a projection of the petrous bone.
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.
A mitosporic fungal genus that causes a variety of skin disorders. Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare) causes TINEA VERSICOLOR.
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.
Pain in the ear.
A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.
Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the ear or of hearing disorders or demonstration of hearing acuity or loss.
The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal.
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
Excision of the adenoids. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.
Infections with bacteria of the family NEISSERIACEAE.
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.
Surgical restoration of a perforated tympanic membrane by grafting. (Dorland, 28th ed.)
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.
Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.
Facilities which provide care for pre-school and school-age children.
Pathological processes involving the NASOPHARYNX.
Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.
A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).
Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.
Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.
Exudates are fluids, CELLS, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from BLOOD VESSELS usually from inflamed tissues. Transudates are fluids that pass through a membrane or squeeze through tissue or into the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE of TISSUES. Transudates are thin and watery and contain few cells or PROTEINS.
A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.
An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.
Pathological processes of the ear, the nose, and the throat, also known as the ENT diseases.
The testing of the acuity of the sense of hearing to determine the thresholds of the lowest intensity levels at which an individual can hear a set of tones. The frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz are used to test air conduction thresholds and the frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz are used to test bone conduction thresholds.
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.
A mobile chain of three small bones (INCUS; MALLEUS; STAPES) in the TYMPANIC CAVITY between the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and the oval window on the wall of INNER EAR. Sound waves are converted to vibration by the tympanic membrane then transmitted via these ear ossicles to the inner ear.
Exotoxins produced by certain strains of streptococci, particularly those of group A (STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES), that cause HEMOLYSIS.
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.

Phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of a new Corynebacterium species from dogs: description of Corynebacterium auriscanis sp. nov. (1/45)

Six strains of a previously undescribed catalase-positive coryneform bacterium isolated from clinical specimens from dogs were characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. Biochemical and chemotaxonomic studies revealed that the unknown bacterium belonged to the genus Corynebacterium sensu stricto. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the six strains were genealogically highly related and constitute a new subline within the genus Corynebacterium; this subline is close to but distinct from C. falsenii, C. jeikeium, and C. urealyticum. The unknown bacterium from dogs was distinguished from all currently validated Corynebacterium species by phenotypic tests including electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as a new species, Corynebacterium auriscanis. The type strain of C. auriscanis is CCUG 39938(T).  (+info)

Elastase deficiency phenotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa canine otitis externa isolates. (2/45)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa veterinary isolates were assayed for elastase and total matrix protease activity. The elastase activity of canine ear isolates was much less than that of strain PAO1 and that of all other veterinary isolates (P < 0.0001). The results indicate that canine ear isolates have a distinct elastase phenotype.  (+info)

Cancer mortality after nasopharyngeal radium irradiation in the Netherlands: a cohort study. (3/45)

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal radium irradiation (NRI) was used widely from 1940 through 1970 to treat otitis serosa in children and barotrauma in airmen and submariners. We assessed whether NRI-exposed individuals were at higher risk for cancer-related deaths than were nonexposed individuals. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all-cause and cancer-related mortality in 5358 NRI-exposed subjects and in 5265 frequency-matched nonexposed subjects, who as children were treated at nine ear, nose, and throat clinics in The Netherlands from 1945 through 1981. We recorded personal and medical data from original patient medical records and assessed vital status through follow-up at municipal population registries. Risk of mortality was evaluated by standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: The average radiation doses were 275, 10.9, 1.8, and 1.5 cGy for the nasopharynx, pituitary, brain, and thyroid, respectively. The median follow-up was 31.6 years. Three hundred two NRI-exposed subjects had died, with 269.2 deaths expected (SMR = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.3); among nonexposed subjects, 315 died, with 283.5 deaths expected (SMR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.2). Cancer-related deaths of 96 exposed subjects (SMR = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.4) and 87 nonexposed subjects (SMR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.8 to 1.3) were documented. There were no excess deaths from cancers of the head and neck area among exposed subjects. However, there were excess deaths from cancers of lymphoproliferative and hematopoietic origin (SMR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1 to 3.0), mainly from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0 to 5.3). We found no evidence that breast cancer deaths were less than expected (SMR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.9 to 2.8) in contrast to an earlier study. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not indicate an increased cancer mortality risk in a population exposed to NRI in childhood. More prolonged follow-up of this and other NRI cohorts is recommended.  (+info)

Spontaneous extradural haematomas. (4/45)

Spontaneous extradural haemorrhage may be due to neighbourhood infections, vascular malformations of the dura mater, and disorders of blood coagulation. Two cases are described here: in one, infection was present; in the other, there was a berry aneurysm of the middle meningeal artery with a small parietal dural angioma. Operation was successful in both patients.  (+info)

Effects of amoxicillin on the expression of cytokines during experimental acute otitis media caused by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. (5/45)

Antibiotics are frequently prescribed when a diagnosis of acute otitis media (AOM) is made in childhood, but the effects of antibiotics on host-parasite interactions in the middle ear are not well defined. A rat model and PCR techniques were used to explore host responses during amoxicillin treatment of AOM caused by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). The 5 day course of amoxicillin initiated at the otomicroscopic peak of the infection eradicated the bacteria and induced significant changes in the expression of cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10 were upregulated by the treatment, and the downregulation was slower than during the natural course. Amoxicillin inhibited the upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta, whereas IL-1alpha expression remained unaffected by the treatment. By comparing inflammatory host responses during treated and untreated NTHi AOM, new targets for modification of the course, or more specified and individualized treatments, may evolve.  (+info)

The pre-travel medical evaluation: the traveler with chronic illness and the geriatric traveler. (6/45)

The pre-travel medical evaluation of elderly patients and patients with chronic illness requires special assessment and advice. Screening and special precautions are reviewed for traveling patients with respiratory disease, cardiac disease, sinusitis, diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, and other chronic medical conditions. Current guidelines for empiric therapy and prophylaxis of travelers' diarrhea are reviewed, with emphasis on concerns in geriatric or chronically ill travelers. Special considerations such as potential drug-drug interactions and insurance coverage are also discussed.  (+info)

Triterpene acids from the leaves of Perilla frutescens and their anti-inflammatory and antitumor-promoting effects. (7/45)

Nine triterpene acids, viz., six of the ursane type, ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), 3-epicorosolic acid (3), pomolic acid (4), tormentic acid (5) and hyptadienic acid (6), and three of the oleanane type, oleanolic acid (7), augustic acid (8) and 3-epimaslinic acid (9), among which 1 constituted the most predominant triterpene acid, were isolated and identified from ethanol extracts of the leaves of red perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. acuta Kudo] and green perilla [P. frutescens (L.) Britton var. acuta Kudo forma viridis Makino]. These eight compounds, 1, 2, 4-9, were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice. All the compounds tested showed a marked anti-inflammatory effect, with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of 0.09-0.3 mg per ear. In addition, an evaluation against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA showed five compounds, 1-3, 5 and 9, with a potent inhibitory effect on EBV-EA induction (91-93% inhibition at 1x10(3) mol ratio/TPA). Furthermore, compound 5 exhibited strong antitumor-promoting activity in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse tumor by using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter.  (+info)

Mycoplasma otitis in California calves. (8/45)

A retrospective study of Mycoplasma otitis in California calves submitted for necropsy between 1993 and 2002 was conducted to characterize the demographic features of the disease and the pathologic findings associated with infection. Sixty-one confirmed cases of Mycoplasma otitis were identified among 20,525 necropsied cattle. All affected animals were calves, ranging in age from 2 weeks to 4 months and with a median age of 1.5 months. Ninety-two percent of the cases were dairy breeds. A higher percent of necropsied calves with Mycoplasma otitis were males (0.45%) than females (0.23%). The proportion of cases that had Mycoplasma otitis increased from 1993 to 2002, and there was a significant (P < 0.05) seasonal distribution, with the highest proportion in the spring and the lowest in the summer months. Infections involved both the middle and inner ear and were characterized by a suppurative inflammatory response with extensive bony involvement. Three species of Mycoplasma were isolated from the ears: M. bovis, M. bovirhinis, and M. alkalescens. Concurrent pneumonia occurred in 47 cases (77%), and Mycoplasma was isolated from the lungs of 30 of those cases. The increasing proportion of Mycoplasma otitis cases in the past 10 years emphasizes the importance of identifying risk factors that could be modified to lower the incidence of this disease in calves.  (+info)

Otitis media is an inflammation or infection of the middle ear. It can occur as a result of a cold, respiratory infection, or allergy that causes fluid buildup behind the eardrum. The buildup of fluid can lead to infection and irritation of the middle ear, causing symptoms such as ear pain, hearing loss, and difficulty balancing. There are two types of otitis media: acute otitis media (AOM), which is a short-term infection that can cause fever and severe ear pain, and otitis media with effusion (OME), which is fluid buildup in the middle ear without symptoms of infection. In some cases, otitis media may require medical treatment, including antibiotics or the placement of ear tubes to drain the fluid and relieve pressure on the eardrum.

Otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as serous otitis media or glue ear, is a medical condition characterized by the presence of fluid in the middle ear without signs or symptoms of acute ear infection. The fluid accumulation occurs due to the dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, which results in negative pressure and subsequent accumulation of sterile fluid within the middle ear space.

OME can lead to hearing difficulties, especially in children, as the fluid buildup impairs sound conduction through the ossicles in the middle ear. Symptoms may include mild hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the affected ear. In some cases, OME can resolve on its own within a few weeks or months; however, persistent cases might require medical intervention, such as placement of tympanostomy tubes (ear tubes) to drain the fluid and restore hearing.

Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (the outermost part of the ear canal leading to the eardrum). It often occurs when water stays in the ear after swimming, creating a moist environment that promotes bacterial growth.

The symptoms of otitis externa may include:
- Redness and swelling of the ear canal
- Pain or discomfort in the ear, especially when moving the jaw or chewing
- Itching in the ear
- Discharge from the ear (pus or clear fluid)
- Hearing loss or difficulty hearing

Otitis externa is typically treated with antibiotic eardrops and sometimes oral antibiotics. Keeping the ear dry during treatment is important to prevent further irritation and promote healing. In severe cases, a healthcare provider may need to clean the ear canal before administering medication.

Suppurative Otitis Media is a type of inner ear infection that involves the accumulation of pus (suppuration) in the middle ear space. It can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection and often results from a previous episode of acute otitis media, where fluid builds up behind the eardrum (tympanic membrane).

Suppurative Otitis Media can lead to complications such as hearing loss, damage to the inner ear structures, and spread of infection to nearby areas like the mastoid process or the brain. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection and sometimes surgical intervention to drain the pus and relieve pressure on the eardrum.

"Otitis" is a general medical term that refers to inflammation or infection in the ear. It can be further classified into different types depending on the part of the ear affected:

1. Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, affects the outer ear and ear canal.
2. Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear.
3. Otitis interna, or labyrinthitis, refers to inflammation of the inner ear.

The symptoms of otitis can vary but often include pain, hearing loss, and discharge. The specific treatment will depend on the type and severity of the otitis.

The middle ear is the middle of the three parts of the ear, located between the outer ear and inner ear. It contains three small bones called ossicles (the malleus, incus, and stapes) that transmit and amplify sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The middle ear also contains the Eustachian tube, which helps regulate air pressure in the middle ear and protects against infection by allowing fluid to drain from the middle ear into the back of the throat.

## I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "chinchilla."

A chinchilla is actually a type of rodent that is native to South America. They have thick, soft fur and are often kept as exotic pets or used in laboratory research. If you're looking for information about chinchillas in a medical context, such as their use in research or any potential health concerns related to keeping them as pets, I would be happy to help you try to find more information on those topics.

Middle ear ventilation refers to the normal process of air movement between the middle ear and the back of the nose (nasopharynx) through the eustachian tube. This tube is a narrow canal that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps to regulate air pressure in the middle ear, preventing its accumulation and subsequent negative pressure or fluid build-up, which can lead to conditions such as otitis media (middle ear infection) or serous otitis media (fluid in the middle ear).

The eustachian tube opens during activities such as swallowing, yawning, or chewing, allowing fresh air to enter the middle ear and any accumulated fluid or gas to be drained out. Abnormalities in middle ear ventilation can result from dysfunction of the eustachian tube, leading to various middle ear disorders.

The Eustachian tube, also known as the auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube, is a narrow canal that connects the middle ear cavity to the back of the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat behind the nose). Its function is to maintain equal air pressure on both sides of the eardrum and to drain any fluid accumulation from the middle ear. The Eustachian tube is lined with mucous membrane and contains tiny hair-like structures called cilia that help to move mucus and fluid out of the middle ear. It opens and closes to regulate air pressure and drainage, which typically occurs during swallowing or yawning.

Otoscopy is a medical examination procedure used to evaluate the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane (eardrum). It involves the use of an otoscope, a tool that consists of a lighted speculum attached to a handle. The speculum is inserted into the ear canal, allowing the healthcare provider to visualize and inspect the eardrum for any abnormalities such as perforations, inflammation, fluid accumulation, or foreign bodies. Otoscopy can help diagnose various conditions including ear infections, middle ear disorders, and hearing loss.

Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium that can cause a variety of infectious diseases in humans. It is part of the normal respiratory flora but can become pathogenic under certain circumstances. The bacteria are named after their initial discovery in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic, although they are not the causative agent of influenza.

There are six main serotypes (a-f) based on the polysaccharide capsule surrounding the bacterium, with type b (Hib) being the most virulent and invasive. Hib can cause severe invasive diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and sepsis, particularly in children under 5 years of age. The introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of these invasive diseases.

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) strains lack a capsule and are responsible for non-invasive respiratory tract infections, such as otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NTHi can also cause invasive diseases but at lower frequency compared to Hib.

Proper diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility testing are crucial for effective treatment, as Haemophilus influenzae strains may display resistance to certain antibiotics.

Mastoiditis is a medical condition characterized by an infection and inflammation of the mastoid process, which is the bony prominence located behind the ear. The mastoid process contains air cells that are connected to the middle ear, and an infection in the middle ear (otitis media) can spread to the mastoid process, resulting in mastoiditis.

The symptoms of mastoiditis may include:

* Pain and tenderness behind the ear
* Swelling or redness of the skin behind the ear
* Ear drainage or discharge
* Fever and headache
* Hearing loss or difficulty hearing

Mastoiditis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection, as well as possible surgical intervention if the infection does not respond to medication or if it has caused significant damage to the mastoid process. If left untreated, mastoiditis can lead to complications such as meningitis, brain abscess, or even death.

Haemophilus infections are caused by bacteria named Haemophilus influenzae. Despite its name, this bacterium does not cause the flu, which is caused by a virus. There are several different strains of Haemophilus influenzae, and some are more likely to cause severe illness than others.

Haemophilus infections can affect people of any age, but they are most common in children under 5 years old. The bacteria can cause a range of infections, from mild ear infections to serious conditions such as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs).

The bacterium is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.

Prevention measures include good hygiene practices such as handwashing, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick. Vaccination is also available to protect against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections, which are the most severe and common form of Haemophilus infection.

Tympanic membrane perforation, also known as a ruptured eardrum, is a tear or hole in the tympanic membrane, which separates the outer ear canal and the middle ear. The tympanic membrane plays a crucial role in hearing by transmitting sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear. A perforation can result from various causes such as infection, trauma, pressure changes, or explosive blasts, leading to symptoms like hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and ear discharge. The extent and location of the perforation determine the severity of the symptoms and the course of treatment, which may include observation, antibiotics, or surgical repair.

Pneumococcal infections are illnesses caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus. This bacterium can infect different parts of the body, including the lungs (pneumonia), blood (bacteremia or sepsis), and the covering of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis). Pneumococcal infections can also cause ear infections and sinus infections. The bacteria spread through close contact with an infected person, who may spread the bacteria by coughing or sneezing. People with weakened immune systems, children under 2 years of age, adults over 65, and those with certain medical conditions are at increased risk for developing pneumococcal infections.

Labyrinthitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the labyrinth, which is the inner ear's balance- and hearing-sensitive system. It is often caused by an infection, such as a viral or bacterial infection, that spreads to the inner ear. The inflammation can affect the delicate structures of the labyrinth, leading to symptoms such as vertigo (a spinning sensation), dizziness, imbalance, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Labyrinthitis can be a serious condition that requires medical attention and treatment.

An acute disease is a medical condition that has a rapid onset, develops quickly, and tends to be short in duration. Acute diseases can range from minor illnesses such as a common cold or flu, to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, or a heart attack. These types of diseases often have clear symptoms that are easy to identify, and they may require immediate medical attention or treatment.

Acute diseases are typically caused by an external agent or factor, such as a bacterial or viral infection, a toxin, or an injury. They can also be the result of a sudden worsening of an existing chronic condition. In general, acute diseases are distinct from chronic diseases, which are long-term medical conditions that develop slowly over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.

Examples of acute diseases include:

* Acute bronchitis: a sudden inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often caused by a viral infection.
* Appendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe pain and requires surgical removal.
* Gastroenteritis: an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
* Migraine headaches: intense headaches that can last for hours or days, and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
* Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
* Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Sinusitis: an inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

It's important to note that while some acute diseases may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, others may require medical intervention or treatment to prevent complications and promote recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms of an acute disease, it is always best to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external auditory canal from the middle ear. It serves to transmit sound vibrations from the air to the inner ear, where they are converted into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain as sound. The tympanic membrane is composed of three layers: an outer layer of skin, a middle layer of connective tissue, and an inner layer of mucous membrane. It is held in place by several small bones and muscles and is highly sensitive to changes in pressure.

Acoustic impedance tests are diagnostic procedures used to measure the impedance or resistance of various parts of the ear to sound waves. These tests are often used to assess hearing function and diagnose any issues related to the middle ear, such as fluid buildup or problems with the eardrum.

The most common type of acoustic impedance test is tympanometry, which measures the mobility of the eardrum and the middle ear system by creating variations in air pressure within the ear canal. During this test, a small probe is inserted into the ear canal, and sound waves are generated while the pressure is varied. The resulting measurements provide information about the condition of the middle ear and can help identify any issues that may be affecting hearing.

Another type of acoustic impedance test is acoustic reflex testing, which measures the body's natural response to loud sounds. This involves measuring the contraction of the stapedius muscle in the middle ear, which occurs in response to loud noises. By measuring the strength and timing of this reflex, audiologists can gain additional insights into the functioning of the middle ear and identify any abnormalities that may be present.

Overall, acoustic impedance tests are important tools for diagnosing hearing problems and identifying any underlying issues in the middle ear. They are often used in conjunction with other hearing tests to provide a comprehensive assessment of an individual's hearing function.

Moraxellaceae is a family of Gram-negative, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the environment and on the mucosal surfaces of humans and animals. Infections caused by Moraxellaceae are relatively rare but can occur, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Two genera within this family, Moraxella and Acinetobacter, are most commonly associated with human infections. Moraxella catarrhalis is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis, otitis media (middle ear infection), and sinusitis, particularly in children and the elderly. It can also cause conjunctivitis (pink eye) and pneumonia.

Acinetobacter species, on the other hand, are often found in soil and water and can colonize the skin and mucous membranes of humans without causing harm. However, they can become opportunistic pathogens in hospital settings, causing a range of infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound infections, and meningitis, particularly in critically ill or immunocompromised patients.

Infections caused by Moraxellaceae can be treated with antibiotics, but the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains is a growing concern. Proper infection control measures, such as hand hygiene and environmental cleaning, are essential to prevent the spread of these infections in healthcare settings.

Conductive hearing loss is a type of hearing loss that occurs when there is a problem with the outer or middle ear. Sound waves are not able to transmit efficiently through the ear canal to the eardrum and the small bones in the middle ear, resulting in a reduction of sound that reaches the inner ear. Causes of conductive hearing loss may include earwax buildup, fluid in the middle ear, a middle ear infection, a hole in the eardrum, or problems with the tiny bones in the middle ear. This type of hearing loss can often be treated through medical intervention or surgery.

The ear canal, also known as the external auditory canal, is the tubular passage that extends from the outer ear (pinna) to the eardrum (tympanic membrane). It is lined with skin and tiny hairs, and is responsible for conducting sound waves from the outside environment to the middle and inner ear. The ear canal is typically about 2.5 cm long in adults and has a self-cleaning mechanism that helps to keep it free of debris and wax.

Ear diseases are medical conditions that affect the ear and its various components, including the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. These diseases can cause a range of symptoms, such as hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (dizziness), ear pain, and discharge. Some common ear diseases include:

1. Otitis externa (swimmer's ear) - an infection or inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal.
2. Otitis media - an infection or inflammation of the middle ear, often caused by a cold or flu.
3. Cholesteatoma - a skin growth that develops in the middle ear behind the eardrum.
4. Meniere's disease - a disorder of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
5. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders - problems with the joint that connects the jawbone to the skull, which can cause ear pain and other symptoms.
6. Acoustic neuroma - a noncancerous tumor that grows on the nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain.
7. Presbycusis - age-related hearing loss.

Treatment for ear diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. It may include medication, surgery, or other therapies. If you are experiencing symptoms of an ear disease, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional, such as an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist).

Cholesteatoma, middle ear is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells (keratinizing squamous epithelium) within the middle ear space. This skin cells accumulation forms a pearly, white, or gray mass that can erode and destroy surrounding structures such as the ossicles (the tiny bones in the middle ear), the mastoid process (a bony prominence behind the ear), and even the inner ear or brain.

Cholesteatomas can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (develop later in life). Acquired cholesteatomas are more common and usually result from repeated middle ear infections that cause a retraction pocket of the eardrum, which then traps skin cells leading to their abnormal growth. Symptoms of cholesteatoma may include hearing loss, ear drainage, ear pain, vertigo, or facial weakness. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cholesteatoma and restoration of any damaged structures.

The Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination is an antibiotic medication used to treat various infections caused by bacteria. This combination therapy combines the antibiotic amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate, which is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. The addition of potassium clavulanate helps protect amoxicillin from being broken down by certain types of bacteria that produce beta-lactamases, thus increasing the effectiveness of the antibiotic against a broader range of bacterial infections.

Amoxicillin is a type of penicillin antibiotic that works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, ultimately leading to bacterial death. However, some bacteria have developed enzymes called beta-lactamases, which can break down and inactivate certain antibiotics like amoxicillin. Potassium clavulanate is added to the combination to inhibit these beta-lactamase enzymes, allowing amoxicillin to maintain its effectiveness against a wider range of bacteria.

This combination medication is used to treat various infections, including skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and dental infections. It's essential to follow the prescribed dosage and duration as directed by a healthcare professional to ensure effective treatment and prevent antibiotic resistance.

Common brand names for this combination include Augmentin and Amoxiclav.

Otolaryngology is a specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, management, and treatment of disorders related to the ear, nose, throat (ENT), and head and neck region. It's also known as ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat) specialty. Otolaryngologists are physicians trained in the medical and surgical management of conditions such as hearing and balance disorders, nasal congestion, sinusitis, allergies, sleep apnea, snoring, swallowing difficulties, voice and speech problems, and head and neck tumors.

Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to reconstruct or repair the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and/or the small bones of the middle ear (ossicles). The primary goal of this surgery is to restore hearing, but it can also help manage chronic middle ear infections, traumatic eardrum perforations, or cholesteatoma (a skin growth in the middle ear).

During the procedure, a surgeon may use various techniques such as grafting tissue from another part of the body to rebuild the eardrum or using prosthetic materials to reconstruct the ossicles. The choice of technique depends on the extent and location of the damage. Tympanoplasty is typically an outpatient procedure, meaning patients can return home on the same day of the surgery.

Amoxicillin is a type of antibiotic known as a penicillin. It works by interfering with the ability of bacteria to form cell walls, which is necessary for their growth and survival. By disrupting this process, amoxicillin can kill bacteria and help to clear up infections.

Amoxicillin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, ear infections, skin infections, and urinary tract infections. It is available as a tablet, capsule, chewable tablet, or liquid suspension, and is typically taken two to three times a day.

Like all antibiotics, amoxicillin should be used only under the direction of a healthcare provider, and it is important to take the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of drug-resistant bacteria, which can make infections more difficult to treat in the future.

An otoscope is a medical device used to examine the ear canal and eardrum. It consists of a handle, a speculum (a disposable or reusable attachment that fits on the end of the handle), and a light source. The speculum is inserted into the ear canal, allowing the healthcare provider to visualize the eardrum and assess its condition, as well as check for any foreign objects, wax buildup, or signs of infection in the ear canal. Otoscopes are commonly used by primary care physicians, pediatricians, and specialists such as otolaryngologists (ear, nose, and throat doctors).

Adenoids are a pair of masses of lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the throat behind the nose. They are part of the immune system and help to protect against infection. Adenoids are largest in children and tend to shrink in size as people get older. In some cases, adenoids can become enlarged or infected, leading to problems such as breathing difficulties, ear infections, and sleep disorders. Treatment for enlarged or infected adenoids may include antibiotics, medications to reduce swelling, or surgical removal of the adenoids (adenoidectomy).

The mastoid is a term used in anatomy and refers to the bony prominence located at the base of the skull, posterior to the ear. More specifically, it's part of the temporal bone, one of the bones that forms the side and base of the skull. The mastoid process provides attachment for various muscles involved in chewing and moving the head.

In a medical context, "mastoid" can also refer to conditions or procedures related to this area. For example, mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid process, while a mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing part or all of the mastoid process.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, and lungs. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or, less commonly, fungi.

RTIs are classified into two categories based on their location: upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). URTIs include infections of the nose, sinuses, throat, and larynx, such as the common cold, flu, laryngitis, and sinusitis. LRTIs involve the lower airways, including the bronchi and lungs, and can be more severe. Examples of LRTIs are pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis.

Symptoms of RTIs depend on the location and cause of the infection but may include cough, congestion, runny nose, sore throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, fever, fatigue, and chest pain. Treatment for RTIs varies depending on the severity and underlying cause of the infection. For viral infections, treatment typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms, while antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections.

Malassezia is a genus of fungi (specifically, yeasts) that are commonly found on the skin surfaces of humans and other animals. They are part of the normal flora of the skin, but under certain conditions, they can cause various skin disorders such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, and atopic dermatitis.

Malassezia species require lipids for growth, and they are able to break down the lipids present in human sebum into fatty acids, which can cause irritation and inflammation of the skin. Malassezia is also associated with fungal infections in people with weakened immune systems.

The genus Malassezia includes several species, such as M. furfur, M. globosa, M. restricta, M. sympodialis, and others. These species can be identified using various laboratory methods, including microscopy, culture, and molecular techniques.

Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear sounds in one or both ears. It can occur due to damage to the structures of the ear, including the outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, or nerve pathways that transmit sound to the brain. The degree of hearing loss can vary from mild (difficulty hearing soft sounds) to severe (inability to hear even loud sounds). Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent and may be caused by factors such as exposure to loud noises, genetics, aging, infections, trauma, or certain medical conditions. It is important to note that hearing loss can have significant impacts on a person's communication abilities, social interactions, and overall quality of life.

An earache is defined as a pain or discomfort in the ear. It can occur in either the outer, middle, or inner ear. The pain may be sharp, dull, constant, or intermittent and can vary in intensity from mild to severe. Earaches are often accompanied by other symptoms such as hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and feelings of pressure or fullness in the ear. In some cases, an earache may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, such as an ear infection, swimmer's ear, or a ruptured eardrum. If you are experiencing an earache that is severe or persistent, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional.

Sulfisoxazole is an antibacterial drug, specifically a sulfonamide. It is defined as a synthetic, short-acting, bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits the growth of certain bacteria by interfering with their ability to synthesize folic acid, an essential component for their survival. Sulfisoxazole is used to treat various infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections.

It's important to note that the use of sulfonamides like sulfisoxazole has declined over time due to the emergence of bacterial resistance and the availability of alternative antibiotics with better safety profiles. Additionally, adverse reactions such as rashes, allergies, and blood disorders have been associated with their use, so they should be prescribed with caution and only when necessary.

Diagnostic techniques in otology refer to the methods and tests used by healthcare professionals to identify and diagnose various conditions related to the ear. These techniques can include:

1. Otoscopy: A visual examination of the external auditory canal and eardrum using an otoscope. This helps to identify any physical abnormalities, such as wax buildup, inflammation, or foreign objects in the ear.
2. Audiometry: A hearing test that measures a person's ability to hear different sounds, pitches, and volumes. This can help to identify any hearing loss or auditory processing issues.
3. Tympanometry: A test that measures the function of the middle ear by creating variations in air pressure in the ear canal. This can help to identify any issues with the eardrum or middle ear bones.
4. Acoustic reflex testing: A test that measures the body's involuntary response to loud sounds. This can help to identify any damage to the hearing nerves or brainstem.
5. Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) testing: A test that measures the sound waves produced by the inner ear in response to stimuli. This can help to identify any issues with the cochlea or hair cells in the inner ear.
6. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing: A test that measures the electrical activity of the hearing nerve and brainstem in response to sound. This can help to identify any issues with the auditory nervous system.
7. Vestibular testing: A series of tests that measure a person's balance and equilibrium. This can help to identify any issues with the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance.

These diagnostic techniques are used to diagnose various otological conditions such as hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, ear infections, and tumors of the ear.

Cerumen is the medical term for earwax. It is a natural substance produced by the body to protect and clean the ears. Cerumen helps to keep the ear canal moist, which prevents dry, itchy ears, and also traps dirt, dust, and other particles that could harm the eardrum. The earwax then gradually moves out of the ear canal and falls out or is removed during activities like showering or washing the face. While some people may need to have their earwax removed if it builds up and causes hearing problems or discomfort, in most cases, cerumen does not need to be cleaned or removed.

Recurrence, in a medical context, refers to the return of symptoms or signs of a disease after a period of improvement or remission. It indicates that the condition has not been fully eradicated and may require further treatment. Recurrence is often used to describe situations where a disease such as cancer comes back after initial treatment, but it can also apply to other medical conditions. The likelihood of recurrence varies depending on the type of disease and individual patient factors.

Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure in which the adenoids are removed. The adenoids are a patch of tissue located behind the nasal cavity, near the roof of the mouth. They help to filter out germs that are breathed in through the nose. However, sometimes the adenoids can become enlarged or infected, leading to problems such as difficulty breathing through the nose, recurrent ear infections, and sleep apnea. In these cases, an adenoidectomy may be recommended to remove the adenoids and alleviate these symptoms.

The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis, which means that the patient can go home the same day as the surgery. The surgeon will use a special instrument to remove the adenoids through the mouth, without making any external incisions. After the surgery, the patient may experience some discomfort, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing for a few days. However, these symptoms usually resolve within a week or two.

It is important to note that an adenoidectomy is not the same as a tonsillectomy, which is the surgical removal of the tonsils. While the tonsils and adenoids are both part of the immune system and located in the same area of the mouth, they serve different functions and may be removed separately or together depending on the individual's medical needs.

Conjugate vaccines are a type of vaccine that combines a part of a bacterium with a protein or other substance to boost the body's immune response to the bacteria. The bacterial component is usually a polysaccharide, which is a long chain of sugars that makes up part of the bacterial cell wall.

By itself, a polysaccharide is not very immunogenic, meaning it does not stimulate a strong immune response. However, when it is conjugated or linked to a protein or other carrier molecule, it becomes much more immunogenic and can elicit a stronger and longer-lasting immune response.

Conjugate vaccines are particularly effective in protecting against bacterial infections that affect young children, such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal disease. These vaccines have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of these diseases and their associated complications, such as meningitis and pneumonia.

Overall, conjugate vaccines work by mimicking a natural infection and stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that can protect against future infections with the same bacterium. By combining a weakly immunogenic polysaccharide with a protein carrier, these vaccines can elicit a stronger and more effective immune response, providing long-lasting protection against bacterial infections.

Neisseriaceae infections refer to illnesses caused by bacteria belonging to the family Neisseriaceae, which includes several genera of gram-negative diplococci. The most common pathogens in this family are Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis.

* N. gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the genital tract, rectum, and throat. It can also cause conjunctivitis in newborns who contract the bacteria during childbirth.
* N. meningitidis is responsible for meningococcal disease, which can present as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) or septicemia (bloodstream infection). Meningococcal disease can be severe and potentially life-threatening, with symptoms including high fever, headache, stiff neck, and a rash.

Other Neisseriaceae species that can cause human infections, though less commonly, include Moraxella catarrhalis (a cause of respiratory tract infections, particularly in children), Kingella kingae (associated with bone and joint infections in young children), and various other Neisseria species (which can cause skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, and other invasive diseases).

Dermatomycoses are a group of fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, and nails. These infections are caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Dermatophyte infections, also known as tinea, are the most common type of dermatomycoses and can affect different areas of the body, such as the scalp (tinea capitis), beard (tinea barbae), body (tinea corporis), feet (tinea pedis or athlete's foot), hands (tinea manuum), and nails (tinea unguium or onychomycosis). Yeast infections, such as those caused by Candida albicans, can lead to conditions like candidal intertrigo, vulvovaginitis, and balanitis. Mold infections are less common but can cause skin disorders like scalded skin syndrome and phaeohyphomycosis. Dermatomycoses are typically treated with topical or oral antifungal medications.

Myringoplasty is a surgical procedure that involves reconstructing or repairing the tympanic membrane (eardrum) in the middle ear. The eardrum is the thin, delicate tissue that separates the outer ear from the inner ear. It plays a crucial role in hearing by vibrating in response to sound waves and transmitting these vibrations to the bones of the middle ear.

Myringoplasty is typically performed to treat chronic perforations or holes in the eardrum that have not healed on their own or with medical management. These perforations can result from various causes, such as infection, trauma, or congenital defects. By closing the perforation, myringoplasty helps prevent the risk of middle ear infections and improves hearing function.

The procedure involves harvesting a small piece of tissue, often from the patient's own body (such as the fascia surrounding a muscle), to use as a graft to cover the eardrum perforation. The graft is placed through an incision made in the ear canal or, less commonly, via an external approach through the mastoid bone behind the ear.

Myringoplasty is typically performed under general anesthesia and requires a short hospital stay for observation and monitoring. Following surgery, patients may need to avoid water exposure, heavy lifting, and strenuous activities for a few weeks to allow proper healing. The success rate of myringoplasty is generally high, with most patients experiencing improved hearing and reduced symptoms of ear infections.

Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the skull near the nose. The inflammation can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, as well as allergies, structural issues, or autoimmune disorders.

In sinusitis, the mucous membranes lining the sinuses become swollen and may produce excess mucus, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, thick green or yellow nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, reduced sense of smell, cough, fatigue, and fever.

Sinusitis can be classified into acute (lasting less than 4 weeks), subacute (lasting 4-12 weeks), chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks), or recurrent (multiple episodes within a year). Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms, and may include antibiotics, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, saline irrigation, and in some cases, surgery.

Otologic surgical procedures refer to a range of surgeries performed on the ear or its related structures. These procedures are typically conducted by otologists, who are specialists trained in diagnosing and treating conditions that affect the ears, balance system, and related nerves. The goal of otologic surgery can vary from repairing damaged bones in the middle ear to managing hearing loss, tumors, or chronic infections. Some common otologic surgical procedures include:

1. Stapedectomy/Stapedotomy: These are procedures used to treat otosclerosis, a condition where the stapes bone in the middle ear becomes fixed and causes conductive hearing loss. The surgeon creates an opening in the stapes footplate (stapedotomy) or removes the entire stapes bone (stapedectomy) and replaces it with a prosthetic device to improve sound conduction.
2. Myringoplasty/Tympanoplasty: These are surgeries aimed at repairing damaged eardrums (tympanic membrane). A myringoplasty involves grafting a piece of tissue over the perforation in the eardrum, while a tympanoplasty includes both eardrum repair and reconstruction of the middle ear bones if necessary.
3. Mastoidectomy: This procedure involves removing the mastoid air cells, which are located in the bony prominence behind the ear. A mastoidectomy is often performed to treat chronic mastoiditis, cholesteatoma, or complications from middle ear infections.
4. Ossiculoplasty: This procedure aims to reconstruct and improve the function of the ossicles (middle ear bones) when they are damaged due to various reasons such as infection, trauma, or congenital conditions. The surgeon uses prosthetic devices made from plastic, metal, or even bone to replace or support the damaged ossicles.
5. Cochlear implantation: This is a surgical procedure that involves placing an electronic device inside the inner ear to help individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. The implant consists of an external processor and internal components that directly stimulate the auditory nerve, bypassing the damaged hair cells in the cochlea.
6. Labyrinthectomy: This procedure involves removing the balance-sensing structures (vestibular system) inside the inner ear to treat severe vertigo or dizziness caused by conditions like Meniere's disease when other treatments have failed.
7. Acoustic neuroma removal: An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor that grows on the vestibulocochlear nerve, which connects the inner ear to the brain. Surgical removal of the tumor is necessary to prevent hearing loss, balance problems, and potential neurological complications.

These are just a few examples of the various surgical procedures performed by otolaryngologists (ear, nose, and throat specialists) to treat conditions affecting the ear and surrounding structures. Each procedure has its specific indications, benefits, risks, and postoperative care requirements. Patients should consult with their healthcare providers to discuss the most appropriate treatment options for their individual needs.

Child day care centers are facilities that provide supervision and care for children for varying lengths of time during the day. These centers may offer early education, recreational activities, and meals, and they cater to children of different age groups, from infants to school-aged children. They are typically licensed and regulated by state authorities and must meet certain standards related to staff qualifications, child-to-staff ratios, and safety. Child day care centers may be operated by non-profit organizations, religious institutions, or for-profit businesses. They can also be referred to as daycare centers, nursery schools, or preschools.

Nasopharyngeal diseases refer to conditions that affect the nasopharynx, which is the uppermost part of the pharynx (throat) located behind the nose. The nasopharynx is lined with mucous membrane and contains the opening of the Eustachian tubes, which connect to the middle ear.

There are several types of nasopharyngeal diseases, including:

1. Nasopharyngitis: Also known as a "common cold," this is an inflammation of the nasopharynx caused by a viral infection. Symptoms may include a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever.
2. Nasopharyngeal cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the nasopharynx. It is relatively rare but more common in certain populations, such as those of Southeast Asian or Southern Chinese descent. Symptoms may include a lump in the neck, nosebleeds, hearing loss, and difficulty swallowing.
3. Nasopharyngeal stenosis: A narrowing of the nasopharynx that can be congenital or acquired. Acquired stenosis may result from trauma, infection, or inflammation. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing through the nose and snoring.
4. Nasopharyngeal abscess: A collection of pus in the nasopharynx that can be caused by a bacterial infection. Symptoms may include fever, difficulty swallowing, and neck pain or stiffness.
5. Nasopharyngitis allergica: Also known as "hay fever," this is an inflammation of the nasopharynx caused by an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Symptoms may include a runny nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes.

Treatment for nasopharyngeal diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, surgery, or radiation therapy.

A hearing test is a procedure used to evaluate a person's ability to hear different sounds, pitches, or frequencies. It is performed by a hearing healthcare professional in a sound-treated booth or room with calibrated audiometers. The test measures a person's hearing sensitivity at different frequencies and determines the quietest sounds they can hear, known as their hearing thresholds.

There are several types of hearing tests, including:

1. Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA): This is the most common type of hearing test, where the person is presented with pure tones at different frequencies and volumes through headphones or ear inserts. The person indicates when they hear the sound by pressing a button or raising their hand.
2. Speech Audiometry: This test measures a person's ability to understand speech at different volume levels. The person is asked to repeat words presented to them in quiet and in background noise.
3. Tympanometry: This test measures the function of the middle ear by creating variations in air pressure in the ear canal. It can help identify issues such as fluid buildup or a perforated eardrum.
4. Acoustic Reflex Testing: This test measures the body's natural response to loud sounds and can help identify the location of damage in the hearing system.
5. Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs): This test measures the sound that is produced by the inner ear when it is stimulated by a sound. It can help identify cochlear damage or abnormalities.

Hearing tests are important for diagnosing and monitoring hearing loss, as well as identifying any underlying medical conditions that may be causing the hearing problems.

Azithromycin is a widely used antibiotic drug that belongs to the class of macrolides. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which leads to the death of susceptible bacteria. This medication is active against a broad range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, atypical bacteria, and some parasites.

Azithromycin is commonly prescribed to treat various bacterial infections, such as:

1. Respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis
2. Skin and soft tissue infections
3. Sexually transmitted diseases, like chlamydia
4. Otitis media (middle ear infection)
5. Traveler's diarrhea

The drug is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, suspension, and intravenous solutions. The typical dosage for adults ranges from 250 mg to 500 mg per day, depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated.

Like other antibiotics, azithromycin should be used judiciously to prevent antibiotic resistance. It is essential to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by a healthcare professional, even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication.

A chronic disease is a long-term medical condition that often progresses slowly over a period of years and requires ongoing management and care. These diseases are typically not fully curable, but symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. Common chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). They are often associated with advanced age, although they can also affect children and younger adults. Chronic diseases can have significant impacts on individuals' physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as on healthcare systems and society at large.

The temporal bone is a paired bone that is located on each side of the skull, forming part of the lateral and inferior walls of the cranial cavity. It is one of the most complex bones in the human body and has several important structures associated with it. The main functions of the temporal bone include protecting the middle and inner ear, providing attachment for various muscles of the head and neck, and forming part of the base of the skull.

The temporal bone is divided into several parts, including the squamous part, the petrous part, the tympanic part, and the styloid process. The squamous part forms the lateral portion of the temporal bone and articulates with the parietal bone. The petrous part is the most medial and superior portion of the temporal bone and contains the inner ear and the semicircular canals. The tympanic part forms the lower and anterior portions of the temporal bone and includes the external auditory meatus or ear canal. The styloid process is a long, slender projection that extends downward from the inferior aspect of the temporal bone and serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ligaments.

The temporal bone plays a crucial role in hearing and balance, as it contains the structures of the middle and inner ear, including the oval window, round window, cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals. The stapes bone, one of the three bones in the middle ear, is entirely encased within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Additionally, the temporal bone contains important structures for facial expression and sensation, including the facial nerve, which exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen, a small opening in the temporal bone.

Cefaclor is a type of antibiotic known as a second-generation cephalosporin. It works by interfering with the bacteria's ability to form a cell wall, which is necessary for its survival. Without a functional cell wall, the bacteria eventually die. Cefaclor is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, making it a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Cefaclor is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections (such as bronchitis and pneumonia), ear infections, skin infections, and urinary tract infections. It is available in both oral and intravenous forms.

Like all antibiotics, cefaclor should be used only to treat bacterial infections, as it is not effective against viral infections such as the common cold or flu. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can make future infections more difficult to treat. It is important to take cefaclor exactly as directed by a healthcare professional and to complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve before all of the medication has been taken.

Benzethonium is an antimicrobial agent used as a preservative in some pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. It has broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The chemical name for benzethonium chloride is N'-(1-benzyl-4-phenoxypyridinio) decane methosulfate.

Benzethonium chloride is commonly used as a topical antiseptic in products such as skin cleansers, hand sanitizers, and first aid treatments. It works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to the death of the microorganism. However, it may not be effective against some spores and highly resistant bacteria.

It is important to note that benzethonium chloride should be used according to the instructions on the product label and should not be ingested or used in the eyes or mucous membranes unless specifically directed by a healthcare professional.

Exudates and transudates are two types of bodily fluids that can accumulate in various body cavities or tissues as a result of injury, inflammation, or other medical conditions. Here are the medical definitions:

1. Exudates: These are fluids that accumulate due to an active inflammatory process. Exudates contain high levels of protein, white blood cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages), and sometimes other cells like red blood cells or cellular debris. They can be yellow, green, or brown in color and may have a foul odor due to the presence of dead cells and bacteria. Exudates are often seen in conditions such as abscesses, pneumonia, pleurisy, or wound infections.

Examples of exudative fluids include pus, purulent discharge, or inflammatory effusions.

2. Transudates: These are fluids that accumulate due to increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure within the blood vessels. Transudates contain low levels of protein and cells compared to exudates. They are typically clear and pale yellow in color, with no odor. Transudates can be found in conditions such as congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome.

Examples of transudative fluids include ascites, pleural effusions, or pericardial effusions.

It is essential to differentiate between exudates and transudates because their underlying causes and treatment approaches may differ significantly. Medical professionals often use various tests, such as fluid analysis, to determine whether a fluid sample is an exudate or transudate.

Xylitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sugar substitute in various food and dental products. It has a sweet taste similar to sugar but with fewer calories and less impact on blood sugar levels, making it a popular choice for people with diabetes or those looking to reduce their sugar intake. Xylitol is also known to have dental benefits, as it can help prevent tooth decay by reducing the amount of bacteria in the mouth that cause cavities.

Medically speaking, xylitol is classified as a carbohydrate and has a chemical formula of C5H12O5. It occurs naturally in some fruits and vegetables, but most commercial xylitol is produced from corn cobs or other plant materials through a process called hydrogenation. While generally considered safe for human consumption, it can have a laxative effect in large amounts and may be harmful to dogs, so it's important to keep it out of reach of pets.

A mucous membrane is a type of moist, protective lining that covers various body surfaces inside the body, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts, as well as the inner surface of the eyelids and the nasal cavity. These membranes are composed of epithelial cells that produce mucus, a slippery secretion that helps trap particles, microorganisms, and other foreign substances, preventing them from entering the body or causing damage to tissues. The mucous membrane functions as a barrier against infection and irritation while also facilitating the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the body and its environment.

Otorhinolaryngologic diseases, also known as ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases, refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the ears, nose, and/or throat. These specialized areas are closely related both anatomically and functionally, and disorders in one area can often have impacts on the others.

Here are some examples of otorhinolaryngologic diseases categorized by the affected area:

1. Otologic diseases - affecting the ear:
* Otitis media (ear infection)
* Otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
* Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
* Hearing loss
* Meniere's disease (inner ear disorder causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss)
* Acoustic neuroma (noncancerous tumor on the vestibular nerve)
2. Rhinologic diseases - affecting the nose:
* Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
* Non-allergic rhinitis
* Sinusitis (sinus infection)
* Deviated septum
* Nasal polyps
* Epistaxis (nosebleed)
3. Laryngologic diseases - affecting the throat and voice box:
* Laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx, causing hoarseness or voice loss)
* Vocal cord nodules or polyps
* Reflux laryngitis (acid reflux irritating the throat)
* Subglottic stenosis (narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords)
* Laryngeal cancer
4. Common otorhinolaryngologic diseases:
* Tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils, often causing sore throat and difficulty swallowing)
* Adenoiditis (inflammation of the adenoids, commonly seen in children)
* Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep)
* Pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx or throat)

Otorhinolaryngologists, also known as ENT specialists, diagnose and treat these conditions. They may use various methods such as physical examination, imaging studies, endoscopy, and laboratory tests to determine the best course of treatment for each individual patient.

Audiometry is the testing of a person's ability to hear different sounds, pitches, or frequencies. It is typically conducted using an audiometer, a device that emits tones at varying volumes and frequencies. The person being tested wears headphones and indicates when they can hear the tone by pressing a button or raising their hand.

There are two main types of audiometry: pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry. Pure-tone audiometry measures a person's ability to hear different frequencies at varying volumes, while speech audiometry measures a person's ability to understand spoken words at different volumes and in the presence of background noise.

The results of an audiometry test are typically plotted on an audiogram, which shows the quietest sounds that a person can hear at different frequencies. This information can be used to diagnose hearing loss, determine its cause, and develop a treatment plan.

Bacterial infections are caused by the invasion and multiplication of bacteria in or on tissues of the body. These infections can range from mild, like a common cold, to severe, such as pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis. The symptoms of a bacterial infection depend on the type of bacteria invading the body and the area of the body that is affected.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can live in many different environments, including in the human body. While some bacteria are beneficial to humans and help with digestion or protect against harmful pathogens, others can cause illness and disease. When bacteria invade the body, they can release toxins and other harmful substances that damage tissues and trigger an immune response.

Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, which work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. However, it is important to note that misuse or overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, making treatment more difficult. It is also essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure that all bacteria are eliminated and reduce the risk of recurrence or development of antibiotic resistance.

Animal disease models are specialized animals, typically rodents such as mice or rats, that have been genetically engineered or exposed to certain conditions to develop symptoms and physiological changes similar to those seen in human diseases. These models are used in medical research to study the pathophysiology of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, test drug efficacy and safety, and understand disease mechanisms.

The genetic modifications can include knockout or knock-in mutations, transgenic expression of specific genes, or RNA interference techniques. The animals may also be exposed to environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents to induce the disease state.

Examples of animal disease models include:

1. Mouse models of cancer: Genetically engineered mice that develop various types of tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
2. Alzheimer's disease models: Transgenic mice expressing mutant human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which exhibit amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline.
3. Diabetes models: Obese and diabetic mouse strains like the NOD (non-obese diabetic) or db/db mice, used to study the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
4. Cardiovascular disease models: Atherosclerosis-prone mice, such as ApoE-deficient or LDLR-deficient mice, that develop plaque buildup in their arteries when fed a high-fat diet.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease models: Mice with genetic mutations affecting intestinal barrier function and immune response, such as IL-10 knockout or SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop colitis.

Animal disease models are essential tools in preclinical research, but it is important to recognize their limitations. Differences between species can affect the translatability of results from animal studies to human patients. Therefore, researchers must carefully consider the choice of model and interpret findings cautiously when applying them to human diseases.

Bacterial antibodies are a type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection caused by bacteria. These antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the bacterial cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Bacterial antibodies can be classified into several types based on their structure and function, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and provide immunity to future infections with the same bacteria.

The ear ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body, which are located in the middle ear. They play a crucial role in the process of hearing by transmitting and amplifying sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The three ear ossicles are:

1. Malleus (hammer): The largest of the three bones, it is shaped like a hammer and connects to the eardrum.
2. Incus (anvil): The middle-sized bone, it looks like an anvil and connects the malleus to the stapes.
3. Stapes (stirrup): The smallest and lightest bone in the human body, it resembles a stirrup and transmits vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.

Together, these tiny bones work to efficiently transfer sound waves from the air to the fluid-filled cochlea of the inner ear, enabling us to hear.

Streptolysins are exotoxins produced by certain strains of Streptococcus bacteria, primarily Group A Streptococcus (GAS). These toxins are classified into two types: streptolysin O (SLO) and streptolysin S (SLS).

1. Streptolysin O (SLO): It is a protein exotoxin that exhibits oxygen-labile hemolytic activity, meaning it can lyse or destroy red blood cells in the presence of oxygen. SLO is capable of entering host cells and causing various cellular damages, including inhibition of phagocytosis, modulation of immune responses, and induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death).

2. Streptolysin S (SLS): It is a non-protein, oxygen-stable hemolysin that can also lyse red blood cells but does so independently of oxygen presence. SLS is more heat-resistant than SLO and has a stronger ability to penetrate host cell membranes.

Both streptolysins contribute to the virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes, which can cause various clinical infections such as pharyngitis (strep throat), impetigo, scarlet fever, and invasive diseases like necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome.

The detection of streptolysin O antibodies (ASO titer) is often used as a diagnostic marker for past or recent GAS infections, particularly in cases of rheumatic fever, where elevated ASO titers indicate ongoing or previous streptococcal infection.

Cefuroxime is a type of antibiotic known as a cephalosporin, which is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by interfering with the bacteria's ability to form a cell wall, which is necessary for its survival. Without a functional cell wall, the bacteria are unable to grow and multiply, and are eventually destroyed by the body's immune system.

Cefuroxime is effective against many different types of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is often used to treat respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and bone and joint infections.

Like all antibiotics, cefuroxime should be used only under the direction of a healthcare provider, and it is important to take the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of drug-resistant bacteria, which are more difficult to treat and can pose a serious threat to public health.

... externa can be acute or chronic. It can fungal or bacterial. The most common aetiology of acute otitis externa is ... Otitis media, or middle ear infection, involves the middle ear. In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid ... "Otitis". Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 18 March 2023. "Otitis media with effusion". MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. ... A third form, malignant otitis externa, or necrotising otitis externa, is a potentially life-threatening, invasive infection of ...
Chronic otitis externa Spread of infection to other areas of the body Necrotizing external otitis Otitis externa haemorhagica ... ISBN 978-0-7817-8943-1. Lee, H; Kim, J; Nguyen, V (September 2013). "Ear infections: otitis externa and otitis media". Primary ... In contrast to the chronic otitis externa, acute otitis externa (AOE) is predominantly a bacterial infection, occurs suddenly, ... Necrotizing external otitis (malignant otitis externa) is an uncommon form of external otitis that occurs mainly in elderly ...
... with effusion (OME), also known as serous otitis media (SOM) or secretory otitis media (SOM), and colloquially ... Children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media and those with otitis media with effusion or chronic suppurative otitis ... Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), an ... Otitis media resulted in 3,200 deaths in 2015 - down from 4,900 deaths in 1990. The primary symptom of acute otitis media is ...
"Alloiococcus otitis" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN Type strain of Alloiococcus otitis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity ... "Detection of Alloiococcus otitis in mixed bacterial populations from middle-ear effusions of patients with otitis media". The ... Alloiococcus otitis is a species of bacteria first isolated from human middle-ear fluid, the type species of its monotypic ... Aguirre, M.; Collins, M. D. (1992). "Phylogenetic Analysis of Alloiococcus otitis gen. nov., sp. nov., an Organism from Human ...
Otitis externa is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Animals are commonly prone to ear infection, and this is one ... Ear Infections (Otitis Externa) from The Pet Health Library (Articles needing additional medical references from November 2018 ... In more severe cases, ear cleaning under sedation or anesthesia may be required and evaluation for otitis media may be ...
Folliculitis of ear hair may cause acute and localized otitis externa. Severe hypertrichosis of the external ear during ... Joseph P Garry (Feb 28, 2010). "Otitis externa". Medscape.com. Retrieved 2012-08-31. Toriumi, MD, Dean; Raymond, Konior, MD; ...
Tuberculous otitis. Infect in Med 2002; 19:2 Rosenbach KA, Sinnott JT. Vaccines in the 21st Century. Infect in Med 2001; 18:8 ...
Otitis externa can generally be prevented by keeping the ear canal dry and/or applying ear drops labeled for swimmer's ear ( ... Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is an inflammation (infectious or non-infectious) of the external auditory canal. ... Treatment of otitis externa is centered around antibiotic ear drops and pain control (e.g. acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti- ... Symptoms of uncomplicated otitis externa typically improve within 48 hours of initiating antibiotics. If pain does not improve ...
Chronic otitis media. In: Gleeson M, ed. Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. London: Hodder Arnold, 2008: ...
Chronic Otitis media. The Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21) has 21 questionnaires with answers as a 5-point Likert ... an electronic questionnaire for assessing quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media". European Archives of Oto- ... assessing quality of life in chronic otitis media: A prospective international multicentre study". Clinical Otolaryngology. 44 ... scale and measures health-related quality of life in chronic Otitis media with or without Cholesteatoma. It has originally been ...
... otitis media, chronic, left; varicose veins left, mild; abscessed teeth roots; myocarditis, mild." Petitioner's wife, the ...
... otitis media, acute brain inflammation, corneal ulceration (leading to corneal scarring), and in about 1 in 600 unvaccinated ... "Otitis Media in Measles". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 39 (11): 614-17. doi:10.1017/S0022215100026712. S2CID 71376401 ... and this can contribute to bacterial superinfections such as otitis media and bacterial pneumonia. Two months after recovery ...
American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Otitis Media With Effusion (May 2004). "Otitis media with effusion". Pediatrics ... Myringoplasty Otitis media List of surgeries by type Smith N, Greinwald JR (2011). "To tube or not to tube: indications for ... Chang CW, Yang YW, Fu CY, Shiao AS (January 2012). "Differences between children and adults with otitis media with effusion ... A retrospective study of success rates in 96 adults and 130 children with otitis media treated with CO2 laser myringotomy ...
1975). Chronic otitis media-a clinical and bacteriological study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 54:198-201. Australia, France, USA, ... 1996). Acute otitis media. Indian Pediatr. 33:832-6. Deka RC. (1994). Middle ear effusion: its management. Indian Pediatr. 31: ...
"Allergic Otitis-Ear Infections". Petsdoc.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 2009-11-23. "Pulmonic ... Another common condition is otitis externa (outer ear infections), which is common to a variety of spaniels, as the long floppy ...
Otitis Media is concurrently present in many of the cases of dogs diagnosed with Otitis Externa. If Otitis Media is not ... Otitis Externa is the most common disorder of the ear canal of dogs. Clinical signs of Otitis Externa include: head shaking, ... Diagnosis of Otitis Media is more challenging than with Otitis Externa because access to the middle ear canal can be ... "Ear Infections and Otitis Externa in Dogs - Dog Owners". Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved 2020-10-04. Pye, Charlie. "Otitis ...
... is used as a water-drying aid for the prevention of otitis externa, better known as swimmer's ear. Inhaled ... Otitis Externa (Swimmers Ear). Medical College of Wisconsin. Lindblad, Adrienne J.; Ting, Rhonda; Harris, Kevin (August 2018 ...
It is a type of otitis externa. Without treatment it can lead to narrowing of the ear canal. A number of treatment options ... Alper, Cuneyt M. (2004). Advanced Therapy of Otitis Media. PMPH-USA. p. 49. ISBN 9781550092011. (Articles with short ...
Their excessive use in children with otitis media has given rise to a breed of bacteria resistant to antibiotics entirely. ... July 1997). "Antimicrobials for acute otitis media? A review from the International Primary Care Network". The BMJ. 315 (7100 ... Acute otitis externa". Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 134 (4): S4-23. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.014. PMID 16638473. ...
A Report on Otitis Externa. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Volume 71, Issue 4 April 1957, pp. 271-275. doi:10.1017/ ...
Frequent episodes of otitis media. Short stature. Mildy dysmorphic facial features such as a flattened nasal bridge, a bifid ( ...
MRC Multi-Centre Otitis Media Study Group (May 2001). "Pars tensa and pars flaccida retractions in persistent otitis media with ... The terms atelectasis or sometimes adhesive otitis media can be used to describe retraction of a large area of the pars tensa. ... Sadé, J; Berco E (1976). "Atelectasis and secretory otitis media". Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 85 (2 Suppl 25 Pt 2): 66-72. doi: ... van den Aardweg, MT; Schilder AG; Herkert E; Boonacker CW; Rovers MM (20 January 2010). "Adenoidectomy for otitis media in ...
Advanced Therapy in Otitis Media. PMPH-USA. 2004. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-55009-201-1. Robert Thayer Sataloff; Joseph Sataloff (24 ... However, distortions in the cone of light can also be a sign of increased middle ear pressure or otitis media. Stanley Gelfand ...
Recurrent ear infections (otitis media) are the leading cause of temporary auditory deprivation in young children. During ear ... Teele DW, Klein JO, Rosner B (July 1989). "Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in ... Hall JW, Grose JH, Pillsbury HC (August 1995). "Long-term effects of chronic otitis media on binaural hearing in children". ... Miccio AW, Gallagher E, Grossman CB, Yont KM, Vernon-Feagans L (2001). "Influence of chronic otitis media on phonological ...
D. S. Grewal; N. L. Hiranandani; A. G. Pusalkar (June 1982). "The middle ear mucosa in chronic suppurative otitis media". ... Charles D. Bluestone; Jerome O. Klein (2007). Otitis Media in Infants and Children. PMPH-USA. pp. 423-. ISBN 978-1-55009-335-3 ... Shekelle P, Takata G, Chan L (May 2003). "Diagnosis, Natural History, and Late Effects of Otitis Media with Effusion" (PDF). ...
Rossiter A (April 1997). "Occupational otitis externa in chicken catchers". The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 111 (4): ...
Acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear. More than 80% of children experience at least one episode of otitis media ... Malignant otitis externa is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of otitis externa in which the infection ... a physician should evaluate for necrotizing external otitis. Acute otitis media (AOM) self-resolves within 24-48 hours in 80% ... Otitis externae peaks at age 7-12 years of age and around 10% of people has had it at least once in their lives. Cerumen ...
Sadé, J. (ed.) (1979). Secretory Otitis Media and Its Sequelae. Churchill Livingstone: New York, Edinburgh, London. Sadé, J. ( ... Sadé, J. (1966), "Pathology and Pathogenesis of Serous Otitis Media". Arch Otolaryngol, 84:297-305. Sadé, J. (1972), "Pathology ...
Chronic suppurative otitis media Otic polyp Endoscopic ear surgery Kuo, Chin-Lung; Shiao, An-Suey; Yung, Matthew; Sakagami, ... Other more common conditions (e.g. otitis externa) may also present with these symptoms, but cholesteatoma is much more serious ... Becvarovski Z. "Chronic suppurative otitis media". ENT. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 12 January ...
Syverton, J. T.; Hess, M. W. R.; Krafchuk, J. (1946). "Otitis Externa: Clinical Observations and Microbiologic Flora". Archives ...
Otitis externa can be acute or chronic. It can fungal or bacterial. The most common aetiology of acute otitis externa is ... Otitis media, or middle ear infection, involves the middle ear. In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid ... "Otitis". Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 18 March 2023. "Otitis media with effusion". MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. ... A third form, malignant otitis externa, or necrotising otitis externa, is a potentially life-threatening, invasive infection of ...
... and guidelines about otitis media and ear infection treatment, including ear infection antibiotics. Recognize inner-ear ... Otitis Media : Review in-depth clinical information, latest medical news, ...
Otitis is a term for infection or inflammation of the ear. ... Otitis is a term for infection or inflammation of the ear. ... Based on location otitis can be:. *Otitis externa (swimmers ear) -- Involves the outer ear and ear canal. A more severe form ... Otitis externa, otitis media, and mastoiditis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennetts ... Otitis can affect the inner or outer parts of the ear. The condition can be:. *Acute ear infection -- Starts suddenly and lasts ...
See examples of OTITIS used in a sentence. ... inflammation of the ear, esp the middle ear (otitis media), ... First recorded in 1790-1800; ot- + -itis. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random ... with pain, impaired hearing, etc, or the outer ear (otitis externa), with inflammation between the ear drum and the external ...
Otitis externa (OE) is an inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (EAC), the auricle, or both. It is a common ... Otitis externa and otitis media. A new look at old problems. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1995 May. 13 (2):445-55. [QxMD MEDLINE ... encoded search term (Otitis Externa) and Otitis Externa What to Read Next on Medscape ... Otitis Externa. Updated: Apr 07, 2022 * Author: Ariel A Waitzman, MD, FRCSC; Chief Editor: Ravindhra G Elluru, MD, PhD more... ...
Alternative TherapiesAlternative YouConditionsDietDietary SupplementsEar InfectionsFood AllergyOtitis MediaSurgeryTest (NO) ... With all the successes of modern medicine, why have doctors failed so miserably in the treatment of otitis media?. Until ... Antibiotics increase the recurrence rate of otitis media.. For kids age 2-6, middle ear disease accounts for 34-42% of all ... Antibiotics for middle ear disease are the most common childhood prescription in America, yet 88% of acute otitis media (AOM) ...
Otitis externa (OE) is an inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (EAC), the auricle, or both. It is a common ... Otitis externa and otitis media. A new look at old problems. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1995 May. 13 (2):445-55. [QxMD MEDLINE ... encoded search term (Otitis Externa) and Otitis Externa What to Read Next on Medscape ... Otitis Externa Clinical Presentation. Updated: Apr 07, 2022 * Author: Ariel A Waitzman, MD, FRCSC; Chief Editor: Ravindhra G ...
When doctors refer to an ear infection, they usually mean otitis media rather than swimmers ear (or otitis externa). Otitis ... The type of otitis affects treatment options. Not all kinds need to be treated with antibiotics. Because most ear infections ... When a child has an ear infection (also called otitis media), the middle ear fills with pus (infected fluid). The pus pushes on ... In kids who have otitis media with effusion, the fluid behind the eardrum can block sound, so mild temporary hearing loss can ...
... Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1999 Oct 5;49 Suppl 1:S173-8. doi: ... In the Aboriginal community studied, otitis media commenced within 3 months of birth for all infants, progressed to chronic ... Our findings, supported by mathematical modelling, show that the vicious cycle of endemic chronic otitis media is perpetuated ... suppurative otitis media in 60% and did not resolve throughout early childhood. ...
Otitis media (OM) is the second most common disease of childhood, after upper respiratory infection (URI). OM is also the most ... encoded search term (Otitis Media) and Otitis Media What to Read Next on Medscape ... Otitis Media Medication. Updated: Jun 07, 2023 * Author: Muhammad Waseem, MBBS, MS, FAAP, FACEP, FAHA; Chief Editor: Ravindhra ... The impact of otitis media on cognitive and educational outcomes. Med J Aust. 2009 Nov 2. 191 (S9):S69-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ...
Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common diagnosis in childhood acute sick visits. By three years of age, 50% to 85% of ... symptomatic children with moderate to severe bulging of the tympanic membrane or new-onset otorrhea not caused by acute otitis ... and contralateral otitis media.10 Children younger than two years with bilateral otitis media or otitis media with otorrhea ... Otitis media with effusion is often misdiagnosed as AOM. Otitis media with effusion can be distinguished on physical ...
... J Pediatr. 2022 Jan:240:221-227.e9. doi ... the effectiveness of 2 interventions in improving prescribing of guideline-concordant durations of therapy for acute otitis ...
Swimmers ear - an infection of the outer ear canal - occurs when the skin lining the ear canal is wet for long periods.
Otitis externa, in particular, is likely to b ... Chronic or recurrent otitis externa in dogs Otitis Media ... Otitis externa, in particular, is likely to be seen by a busy small animal clinician at least once a day. Otitis Externa: An ... Primary causes of otitis externa Secondary causes of otitis externa Perpetuating factors Ear Cleaning Introduction Assessing ... Diagnosis of otitis externa, including history, examination, biopsy, and imagin. *The aetiology and pathogenesis of otitis ...
Students will gain knowledge and develop clinical skills to accurately diagnose and treat acute otitis media (AOM), otitis ...
Swimmers Ear (Otitis Externa). What Is Swimmers Ear?. Swimmers ear is an infection of the ear canal, the passage that ... Swimmers ear (or otitis externa) is common in kids who spend a lot of time in the water. Too much moisture in the ear can ... or putting things like bobby pins or paper clips into the ear can all increase the risk of otitis externa. ...
Otitis externa is inflammation of the external ear canal and is a common problem in dogs and cats. Signs can include head ...
Kozyrskyj A, Klassen TP, Moffatt M, Harvey K. Short-course antibiotics for acute otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 ... Many clinicians advocate severely restricting antibiotics because acute otitis media is typically a self-limited condition and ... Are short courses of antibiotics as effective as standard courses for children with acute otitis media? ... that compared regimens of less than seven days in duration with regimens of seven days or longer in children with acute otitis ...
The medical terms for glue ear are otitis media with effusion (OME) or secretory otitis media. Glue ear can affect one or both ... Glue ear, or otitis media with effusion, happens when fluid collects in your childs middle ear. The main symptom of glue ear ... Glue ear, or otitis media with effusion, is a common condition in children. Most cases resolve on their own. But fluid buildup ...
Almost all children have one or more bouts of otitis media before age six. Children who have acute otitis media before six ... Ear infection or acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear.. Acute otitis media (ear infection) describes ... Young children with otitis media may be irritable, fussy, or have problems feeding or sleeping. Older children may complain ... In addition to increasing the chance for acute otitis media, falling asleep with milk in the mouth increases the incidence of ...
... KA Cox. ,1G Al-Rawahi. ,1and TR ...
Fluid in the space behind the eardrum (middle ear) is called otitis media with effusion. It occurs when a eustachian tube ( ... post a link to Middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion) information on Facebook. ... post a link to Middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion) information on Twitter. ... send a link to Middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion) information by email. ...
Management Problems in Otitis Media. James D. Legler. The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice January 1992, 5 (1) ...
Fluid in the space behind the eardrum (middle ear) is called otitis media with effusion. It occurs when a eustachian tube ( ...
Brought to you by Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside the US and Canada)-dedicated to using leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. Learn more about the MSD Manuals and our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge.. ...
Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the critical role of adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion in adult ... Read more about What is Critical Diagnostic Role of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Adult-Onset Otitis Media with Effusion in ... What is Critical Diagnostic Role of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Adult-Onset Otitis Media with Effusion in Clinically Asymptomatic ... biopsies to diagnose suspected malignity in adult patients with adenoid hypertrophy whit/without synchronous otitis media with ...
The review looked at 15 trials including 1,516 children with otitis media with effusion given either antihistamines, ...
What is Acute Otitis Media?. Acute otitis media is a frequent bacterial or viral infection which affects the middle ear, the ... Browse Articles » Health & Medical » Acute Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection) -.... Acute Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection ... Otitis Externa: Infection or inflammation of the external ear canal (swimmers ear ... Today we are going to talk about acute otitis media and how it can be treated. ...
"Estimated Burden of Acute Otitis Externa --- United States, 2003--2007".. *↑ 4.0 4.1 Schaefer P, Baugh RF (2012). "Acute otitis ... Suppuration from other ear diseases such as otitis media. *Undergoing prolonged treatment with topical antibiotics raises the ... Risk factors for acute otitis externa include activities and conditions that predispose an individual to ear canal inflammation ... Risk factors for acute otitis externa include activities and conditions that predispose an individual to ear canal inflammation ...
  • In the Aboriginal community studied, otitis media commenced within 3 months of birth for all infants, progressed to chronic suppurative otitis media in 60% and did not resolve throughout early childhood. (nih.gov)
  • Chronic otitis media is a condition that encompasses a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the middle ear, including chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). (logicalimages.com)
  • As a result of this Continuing Education Activity, participants will be able to describe the definition and treatment options for chronic suppurative otitis media. (audiologyonline.com)
  • The objective of this study was to assess vestibular functions in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with and without sensorineural hearing loss. (karger.com)
  • Siampara L, Mann SBS, Panda NK, Mehra YN: Audiovestibular profile in unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media. (karger.com)
  • Acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) is one of the main indications for antibiotic prescription in children . (bvsalud.org)
  • A cross sectional study of children less than 17 years old with acute suppurative otitis media in the otorhinolaryngology service of the Brazzaville University Hospital , Congo , was conducted over a 14 month period. (bvsalud.org)
  • The bacterial aetiology of acute suppurative otitis media varies from country to country. (bvsalud.org)
  • When inflammation is present due to fluid build up in the middle ear and infection is not present it is considered Otitis media with effusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Otitis media, or middle ear infection, involves the middle ear. (wikipedia.org)
  • In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid behind the ear drum, in the normally air-filled middle-ear space. (wikipedia.org)
  • Otitis media (ear infection) -- Involves the middle ear, which is located just behind the eardrum. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Otitis media with effusion -- Occurs when there is thick or sticky fluid behind the eardrum in the middle ear, but there is no ear infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Otitis externa, otitis media, and mastoiditis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • invasive fungal infection, or any inflammatory process in- The patient was admitted, and otoscopic examination cluding otitis media. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibiotics for middle ear disease are the most common childhood prescription in America, yet 88% of acute otitis media (AOM) clear without antibiotics. (healthy.net)
  • Antibiotics increase the recurrence rate of otitis media. (healthy.net)
  • With all the successes of modern medicine, why have doctors failed so miserably in the treatment of otitis media? (healthy.net)
  • Until doctors pay attention to the causes of otitis media, millions of children will will be given antibiotics and surgery that, for most of them, will not help. (healthy.net)
  • Food sensitivities and sugar consumption are the most common cause of otitis media. (healthy.net)
  • The result is fluid build up, pressure, and in most cases, persistent or recurrent secretory otitis media. (healthy.net)
  • When a child has an ear infection (also called otitis media ), the middle ear fills with pus (infected fluid). (kidshealth.org)
  • When doctors refer to an ear infection, they usually mean otitis media rather than swimmer's ear (or otitis externa ). (kidshealth.org)
  • Otitis media with effusion is when noninfected fluid builds up in the ear. (kidshealth.org)
  • Our findings, supported by mathematical modelling, show that the vicious cycle of endemic chronic otitis media is perpetuated by high carriage rates of multiple species and multiple types of respiratory bacterial pathogens, by high cross-infection rates and thus, by early age of pathogen acquisition and prolonged carriage. (nih.gov)
  • The FDA has approved more than a dozen antibiotics to treat otitis media (OM). (medscape.com)
  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common diagnosis in childhood acute sick visits. (aafp.org)
  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is commonly diagnosed in children in primary care offices. (aafp.org)
  • Do not prescribe antibiotics for otitis media in children two to 12 years of age with nonsevere symptoms if the observation option is reasonable. (aafp.org)
  • To compare the effectiveness of 2 interventions in improving prescribing of guideline-concordant durations of therapy for acute otitis media (AOM). (nih.gov)
  • Students will gain knowledge and develop clinical skills to accurately diagnose and treat acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), and otitis externa (OE). (akronchildrens.org)
  • Are short courses of antibiotics as effective as standard courses for children with acute otitis media? (aafp.org)
  • Many clinicians advocate severely restricting antibiotics because acute otitis media is typically a self-limited condition and the benefit of antibiotic treatment is modest. (aafp.org)
  • This Cochrane systematic review identified randomized controlled trials that compared regimens of less than seven days in duration with regimens of seven days or longer in children with acute otitis media. (aafp.org)
  • Glue ear, or otitis media with effusion, happens when fluid collects in your child's middle ear. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The medical terms for glue ear are otitis media with effusion (OME) or secretory otitis media. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Ear infection or acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Acute otitis media (ear infection) describes inflammation of the middle ear, or tympanum. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Almost all children have one or more bouts of otitis media before age six. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Children who have acute otitis media before six months of age tend to have more ear infections later in childhood. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Bottlefeeding is a risk factor for otitis media in infants. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Breastfeeding passes immunity to the child that helps prevent acute otitis media. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • In addition to increasing the chance for acute otitis media, falling asleep with milk in the mouth increases the incidence of tooth decay. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Young children with otitis media may be irritable, fussy, or have problems feeding or sleeping. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Fluid in the space behind the eardrum (middle ear) is called otitis media with effusion. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Otitis media can cause hearing loss. (health.gov.au)
  • What is Critical Diagnostic Role of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Adult-Onset Otitis Media with Effusion in Clinically Asymptomatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma? (uwi.edu)
  • We aimed to investigate the validity of performed nasopharyngeal biopsies to diagnose suspected malignity in adult patients with adenoid hypertrophy whit/without synchronous otitis media with effusion in absence of other clinical symptoms and radiologic findings to arouse suspecting malignancy. (uwi.edu)
  • The aim of this study is to verify the critical role of adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion in adult patients in relation to diagnostic importance for patients with clinically asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (uwi.edu)
  • The review looked at 15 trials including 1,516 children with otitis media with effusion given either antihistamines, decongestants, a combination of both drugs or a placebo. (gponline.com)
  • Today we are going to talk about acute otitis media and how it can be treated. (apsense.com)
  • What is Acute Otitis Media? (apsense.com)
  • Acute otitis media is a frequent bacterial or viral infection which affects the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum which contains the small vibrating bones of the ear. (apsense.com)
  • What are the Risk Factors of Acute Otitis Media? (apsense.com)
  • What are the Preventions of Acute Otitis Media? (apsense.com)
  • Otitis media is a general term used to describe inflammation of the middle ear which may be caused by an acute infection. (mims.com)
  • Tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy for noncholesteatomatous chronic otitis media may be called for. (logicalimages.com)
  • Papp Z, Rezes S, Jokay I, Sziklai I: Sensorineural hearing loss in chronic otitis media. (karger.com)
  • Redaelli de Zinis LO, Campovecchi C, Parrinello G, Antonelli AR: Predisposing factors for inner ear hearing loss association with chronic otitis media. (karger.com)
  • Juhn S, Tsuprun V, Lee Y-W, Hunter B, Schachern P: Interaction between middle and inner ear in otitis media. (karger.com)
  • Pal'chun VT, Kunel'skaia NL, Petlinov AP: The vestibular function in patients with various forms of chronic purulent otitis media. (karger.com)
  • Pal'chun VT, Kunel'skaia NL, Mironov AA, Ganichkina Iia, Petlinov AP: Myringoplasty and its effects on a vestibular function in patients with otitis media purulenta chronica. (karger.com)
  • A mouse model for acute otitis media. (lu.se)
  • To compare benefits and harms of strategies currently in use for managing otitis media with effusion (OME). (ahrq.gov)
  • Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear, and it's fairly common -- affecting thousands of children 6-36 months of age. (chirofind.com)
  • In fact, it's estimated that one-third of the child population will experience six or more episodes of otitis media before starting school, and some will endure as many as 12 episodes in a given year. (chirofind.com)
  • Adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy (removal of the adenoids and/or the tonsils) are the most common major surgical procedures performed on children in the United States, and the rationale behind them is often to relieve the pain and discomfort of recurrent otitis media. (chirofind.com)
  • However, a study published by the Journal of the American Medical Association found that these surgeries were ineffective in resolving otitis media or preventing its recurrence. (chirofind.com)
  • neither operation should be considered a first surgical intervention in chidlren whose only indication is recurrent acute otitis media. (chirofind.com)
  • For more information on nonsurgical alternatives for resolving otitis media, contact your doctor of chiropractic. (chirofind.com)
  • Adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy for recurrent acute otitis media. (chirofind.com)
  • Systemic treatment may be more useful in suppurative otitis externa and/or otitis media where there is an inflammatory discharge with concurrent tissue infection. (vin.com)
  • Systemic treatment is indicated when the ear canal cannot be treated topically (e.g., stenosis, compliance problems or topical adverse reactions) and in otitis media. (vin.com)
  • Further down on this page there is some information about otitis media and some information about Lycopodium, an ingredient in some products used for ear problems. (abicana.com)
  • According to Jack Paradise in Managing Otitis Media: a Time for Change (Pediatrics, Oct,. 1995): 'Sustained, preventative use of antibiotics in children with repeated ear infections should be avoided in favor of alternative measures whenever possible. (abicana.com)
  • To evaluate the variation of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in the adenoids of children with otitis media with effusion (OME) and the correlation to age. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Acute otitis media is a painful type of ear infection in your middle ear. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Chronic Ear Infection (Chronic Otitis Media) Your middle ear is a hollow space behind your eardrum. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Media" means middle, and "otitis" means inflamed ear, so doctors call this infection otitis media. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Although otitis externa is a common otological condition, the literature pertaining to it is sparse in contrast to the vast amounts of articles that have been published on otitis media. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Short description: Ac supp otitis media NOS. (icd9data.com)
  • CMI would like to congratulate Dr. Morgan Fedorchak and Dr. Cuneyt Alper, the investigators of the project titled: "Controlled release, gel‐based ear drops for treatment of otitis media," for the successful completion of their project with the aid of CMI funding. (pitt.edu)
  • Otitis media is responsible for the greatest number of antibiotic prescriptions in children. (pitt.edu)
  • Otitis media accounts for 20 million annual pediatrician visits in the US, with one third of children experiencing six or more cases before age 7, resulting in significant domestic economic impact. (pitt.edu)
  • To address these shortcomings the team has proposed adapting their existing ocular drug delivery system for use in the ear as a treatment for otitis media. (pitt.edu)
  • The team is currently seeking additional funding to continue the otitis media project. (pitt.edu)
  • Infant with recurrent acute otitis media: how can surgery help? (evidenciasenpediatria.es)
  • Purpose of Review: To examine the relationship between vitamin D and otitis media. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Recent Findings" Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with several respiratory diseases, including otitis media. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of otitis media. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Summary" This review will explore risk factors of both otitis media and vitamin D deficiency, the evidence of vitamin D being beneficial for various forms of otitis media, and possible mechanisms of action. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a deficit in vitamin D (VD) is associated with an increased risk of recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM), and whether VD supplementation is effective in reducing the number of AOM episodes in otitis-prone children. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Distribution of otitis media among four Indian populations in Arizona. (cdc.gov)
  • 1980). Distribution of otitis media among four Indian populations in Arizona. (cdc.gov)
  • Fireman P. Otitis media and eustachian tube dysfunction: connection to allergic rhinitis. (medscape.com)
  • Immunity genes and susceptibility to otitis media: a comprehensive review. (medscape.com)
  • Patel JA, Nair S, Revai K, Grady J, Chonmaitree T. Nasopharyngeal acute phase cytokines in viral upper respiratory infection: impact on acute otitis media in children. (medscape.com)
  • High cytokine levels in perforated acute otitis media exudates containing live bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Bercin S, Kutluhan A, Yurttas V, Yalciner G, Bozdemir K, Sari N. Evaluation of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux, chronic otitis media and laryngeal disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Relationship between pediatric obesity and otitis media with effusion. (medscape.com)
  • Broides A, Dagan R, Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Leibovitz E. Acute otitis media caused by Moraxella catarrhalis: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. (medscape.com)
  • High incidence of Alloiococcus otitidis in children with otitis media, despite treatment with antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • Serous otitis media in children: implication of Alloiococcus otitidis. (medscape.com)
  • Temporal relationship between human parechovirus 1 infection and otitis media in young children. (medscape.com)
  • Greenberg D, Hoffman S, Leibovitz E, Dagan R. Acute otitis media in children: association with day care centers - antibacterial resistance, treatment, and prevention. (medscape.com)
  • Socioeconomic impact of otitis media in North America. (medscape.com)
  • Acute otitis media: management and surveillance in an era of pneumococcal resistance--a report from the Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. (medscape.com)
  • Review of consensus reports on management of acute otitis media. (medscape.com)
  • A Randomized Comparative Study of Levofloxacin Versus Amoxicillin/Clavulanate for Treatment of Infants and Young Children With Recurrent or Persistent Acute Otitis Media. (medscape.com)
  • Fischer T, Singer AJ, Lee C, Thode HC Jr. National trends in emergency department antibiotic prescribing for children with acute otitis media, 1996-2005. (medscape.com)
  • Otitis media with effusion in young children. (medscape.com)
  • An evidence-based approach to treating otitis media. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Case Challenge: Acute Otitis Media in Children--Best Management Strategies - Medscape - Mar 28, 2018. (medscape.com)
  • Otitis Media and Ankylosis in Temporomandibular Region Caused by Gunshot Fracture. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nontypeable H. influenzae also cause 30% to 52% of episodes of acute otitis media and sinusitis in children. (cdc.gov)
  • It can be a common cause of recurrent otitis media. (cdc.gov)
  • Homeopathy in acute otitis media in children treatment effect or spontaneous resolution? (bvsalud.org)
  • The conventional antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) faces a number of problems, including antibiotic resistence. (bvsalud.org)
  • The close proximity of the middle ear to the brain and the increasing resistance of microbial organisms involved in otitis media make this pathology of great concern in children . (bvsalud.org)
  • The objective of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile of acute otitis media in Congo as a guide to the choice of antibiotics for empirical therapy . (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, participants from Cochrane and its Ear, Nose and Throat Review Group participated, improving the evidence base of Wikipedia articles related to hearing loss , tinnitus , otitis media and noise-induced hearing loss using evidence from recent Cochrane Reviews. (cdc.gov)
  • A third form, malignant otitis externa, or necrotising otitis externa, is a potentially life-threatening, invasive infection of the external auditory canal and skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • We report a case of malignant otitis externa with jugular ing (bioMérieux, https://www.biomerieux.com) showed vein thrombosis caused by Aspergillus flavus . (cdc.gov)
  • Malignant otitis externa is defined as rapidly progressive infection of external auditory meatus spreading to surrounding soft tissues and bones of skull base Malignant is a misnomer (Chandler 1968): Aggressive clinical behavior, poor treatment outcome and high mortality in elderly uncontrolled diabetics Synonyms : Invasive/ granulomatous/ necrotizing otitis externa Skull base osteomyelitis Predisposing factors Elderly , poorly controlled diabetics, prolonged steroid use, atherosclerosis, immunosuppressed, AIDS Causative organisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa (95%) Staph. (slideshare.net)
  • It is subdivided into the following: Otitis externa, external otitis, involves inflammation (either infectious or non-infectious) of the external auditory canal, sometimes extending to the pinna or tragus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis: prospective comparison of CT and MR imaging in diagnosis and follow-up. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant external otitis is a serious infection of your ear canal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • What are the symptoms of malignant external otitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • How can doctors tell if I have malignant external otitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • How do doctors treat malignant external otitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • Otitis is a general term for inflammation in ear or ear infection, inner ear infection, middle ear infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common aetiology of acute otitis externa is bacterial infection, while chronic cases are often associated with underlying skin diseases such as eczema or psoriasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Usually associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, this form typically occurs in older people with diabetes mellitus, or immunocompromised people.Otomycosis, is the fungal form of Otitis Externa that is more common in coastal regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Otitis is a term for infection or inflammation of the ear. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Otitis externa (OE) is an inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (EAC), the auricle, or both. (medscape.com)
  • Ongoing inflammation leads to a cycle of recurrent infection and chronic inflammation leading to progressive pathological changes and end-stage otitis. (vin.com)
  • Otitis externa is a common inflammatory condition that affects 15% to 20% of dogs and 4% to 7% of cats. (cliniciansbrief.com)
  • Otitis externa is a common condition in the tropics. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Epi-Otic pet meds are safe for routine cleansing of sensitive ears, and the Advanced formula treats chronic otitis externa. (vetdepot.com)
  • The advanced solution offers the added benefit of preventing chronic otitis externa via anti-adhesive properties. (vetdepot.com)
  • This reduces the incidence of chronic otitis externa in animals. (vetdepot.com)
  • Otomax Ointment For Dogs is indicated for the treatment of canine acute and chronic otitis externa associated with yeast (Malassezia pachydermatis) and/or bacteria susceptible to gentamicin. (medi-vet.com)
  • Otitis externa (swimmer's ear) -- Involves the outer ear and ear canal. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Swimmer's ear (or otitis externa ) is common in kids who spend a lot of time in the water. (rchsd.org)
  • Otitis externa caused by various other infections can potentially spread to the middle ear, eardrum and inner ear and cause deafness. (catwatchnewsletter.com)
  • Dry skin or eczema , scratching the ear canal, ear cleaning with cotton swabs, or putting things like bobby pins or paper clips into the ear can all increase the risk of otitis externa. (rchsd.org)
  • Individual bouts of otitis externa can be managed using polyvalent topical ear products with a glucocorticoid (for mild acute inflammation), an antibiotic, and an antifungal (for Malassezia ). (vin.com)
  • 1. Otodectes etc., and check the tympanic membrane (see Diagnostic Approach to Otitis ). (vin.com)
  • FIGURE 1 Severe vertical canal epithelium and ceruminous gland hyperplasia impeding medical management of otitis externa. (cliniciansbrief.com)
  • Otitis Externa: An Essential Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment provides a comprehensive source of information on the relevant structure, function, medical treatment, and surgery of the ear, from Otodectes cynotis to Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (routledge.com)
  • 1,6 Diagnosis of infectious otitis using culture results without cytology can be misleading. (cliniciansbrief.com)
  • culture should also be performed if bacterial otitis does not respond to appropriate empiric treatment. (cliniciansbrief.com)
  • The signs of what Dr. Miller refers to as "yeast otitis" are the same as those associated with otitis externa in general: The cats outer ear is likely to be inflamed, and the animal will hold its ears flat back against its head, scratch at them without letup and shake its head frequently - as if trying to dislodge a bothersome object. (catwatchnewsletter.com)
  • When using Epi-Otic Advanced Ear Cleansing Solution to clean ears with severe otitis externa prior to treatment with another medication, the ear must be cleaned at least 30 minutes in advance to allow time to dry. (vetdepot.com)
  • 1 Dogs and cats of breeds predisposed to otitis externa may have pendulous ears, canal hypertrichosis, and familial seborrhea or cerumen gland hyperplasia. (cliniciansbrief.com)
  • 2021. https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/753165/all/aerotitis__aero_otitis. (tabers.com)
  • AOM is diagnosed in symptomatic children with moderate to severe bulging of the tympanic membrane or new-onset otorrhea not caused by acute otitis externa, and in children with mild bulging and either recent-onset ear pain (less than 48 hours) or intense erythema of the tympanic membrane. (aafp.org)
  • AOM should be diagnosed in symptomatic children with moderate to severe bulging of the tympanic membrane ( Figure 1 4 ) or new-onset otorrhea not caused by otitis externa. (aafp.org)
  • Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa. (medscape.com)
  • Successful treatment of otitis externa should begin with clinical assessment of the patient (ie, ear canal palpation, otoscopic examination, cytology). (cliniciansbrief.com)
  • This work aims to present a clinical case of condilar fracture by gunshot, being this trauma also responsible for an ankylosis in the region of the temporomadibular joint, as well as an otitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • : http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/estimates/en/ (accessed 25 April 2017). (who.int)
  • Systemic antimicrobial therapy may be less effective in erythroceruminous otitis externa as bacteria are present only in the external ear canal and cerumen. (vin.com)
  • The journal Evidencias en Pediatría (EP / Evidences in Pediatrics) includes occasional references to some kind of free software. (evidenciasenpediatria.es)
  • Otitis interna, or labyrinthitis, involves the inner ear. (wikipedia.org)
  • Betamethasone valerate, the 17-valerate ester of betamethasone, has been shown to provide anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic activity in the topical management of corticosteroid-responsive otitis externa. (medi-vet.com)
  • When inflammation is present due to fluid build up in the middle ear and infection is not present it is considered Otitis media with effusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous national guidelines from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (now known as the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) for otitis media with effusion recommended avoiding antibiotics altogether or use of narrow-spectrum agents such as amoxicillin, if necessary. (medscape.com)
  • Otitis media with effusion -- Occurs when there is thick or sticky fluid behind the eardrum in the middle ear, but there is no ear infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You may hear or see the term "otitis media with effusion" or "fluid in the middle ear. (asha.org)
  • The role of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in the development of otitis media with effusion. (medscape.com)
  • Distinguishing acute otitis media from otitis media with effusion is clinically important because antibiotics are seldom indicated for the latter condition. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A key differentiating feature is the position of the tympanic membrane: it is usually bulging in acute otitis media and in a neutral position or a retracted position in otitis media with effusion. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common and may cause hearing loss with associated developmental delay. (nih.gov)
  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common disease of childhood that is largely asymptomatic. (nih.gov)
  • What is Critical Diagnostic Role of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Adult-Onset Otitis Media with Effusion in Clinically Asymptomatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma? (uwi.edu)
  • The aim of this study is to verify the critical role of adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion in adult patients in relation to diagnostic importance for patients with clinically asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (uwi.edu)
  • We divided the patients into two groups according to patients with or without synchronous presence of otitis media with effusion in addition to adenoid hypertrophy. (uwi.edu)
  • We found that asymmetric adenoid hypertrophy in adult patients seems an important risk factor, and we strongly suggest that it needs biopsy for the suspect of nasopharyngeal carcinoma whether they synchronously have or not otitis media with effusion even though in the absence of other clinical symptoms to arouse suspicion about a nasopharyngeal malignancy such as neck mass, epistaxis, cranial nerve impairment. (uwi.edu)
  • Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in middle ear fluid and characterization of otitis media with effusion in COVID-19 patients. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • This study sought to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in the middle ear fluid (MEF) of COVID-19 patients who have otitis media with effusion (OME). (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Both surgical management and non-surgical management of otitis media with effusion (OME) are reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • There is a helpful care pathway for the diagnosis and management of children with otitis media with effusion. (bmj.com)
  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) is characterised by a collection of fluid within the middle ear without signs of acute inflammation. (bmj.com)
  • The type of fluid present varies, and thus there is a spectrum of disease from "Acute Otitis Media" through to "Glue Ear" (sometimes also called Otitis Media with Effusion, or OME). (ear.co.nz)
  • Chronic otitis media with effusion-Fluid (effusion) remains in the middle ear for a Otitis media with effusion is the collection of fluid in the middle ear. (web.app)
  • The main difference from acute otitis media is that in otitis media with effusion the patient doesn´t present any signs of ear infection. (web.app)
  • Otitis media with effusion is one of the most common diseases in children. (web.app)
  • av A Bidarian-Moniri · 2014 - Title: Two New Non-invasive Treatment Methods for Otitis Media with Effusion in Children and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Adults. (web.app)
  • Authors Swedish University dissertations (essays) about OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION. (web.app)
  • Otitis Media with Effusion: Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate. (web.app)
  • Otitis media with effusion, autoinflation och children insufflation) AND (otitis media with effusion OR glue ear) AND children. (web.app)
  • av S Johansson - nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in children with otitis media with effusion. (web.app)
  • 6. Tano K, Grahn-Hakansson E, Holm av P Mattila - inflammation (RAOM, recurrent acute otitis media) och sekretorisk otit (limöra, COME, chronic otitis media with effusion). (web.app)
  • Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is a common childhood condition which affects the ears. (web.app)
  • chronic serous effusion acute otitis media (AOM) - bacteria- or virus-induced acute Otitis media refers to inflammation or infection of the middle ear cavity. (web.app)
  • Terminology The specific In otitis media with effusion, most cases are asymptomatic. (web.app)
  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) has several potential causes and the Eustachian tube dysfunction is one of the leading causes.1 There are essentially two types Otitis media with effusion. (web.app)
  • The child may experience a Otitis media with effusion (OME). (web.app)
  • Effect of nasal balloon autoinflation in children with otitis media with effusion in primary care: an open randomized controlled trial. (web.app)
  • Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an important cause of hearing loss in children and constitutes a serious health problem globally with a strong association to resource-limited living conditions. (springer.com)
  • Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a prolonged and often recurring bacterial infection of the middle ear defined by perforation of the tympanic membrane and otorrhoea lasting more than 2 weeks according to the World Health Organization (WHO), although a commonly used clinical definition is 6 weeks. (springer.com)
  • Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a widespread, debilitating problem with poorly understood immunology. (nature.com)
  • The exclusion criteria were patient with any prior treatment or intervention or patients of chronic suppurative otitis media, chronic otitis externa, diabetes mellitus, and malignant otitis externa. (lww.com)
  • The therapeutic strategy depends mainly on the stage of acute otitis media (congestive or suppurative). (alliedacademies.org)
  • Ofloxacin was present in high concentrations in otorrhea (389 - 2850 µg/g, n=13) 30 minutes after otic administration of a 0.3% solution in subjects with chronic suppurative otitis media and perforated tympanic membranes. (nih.gov)
  • A third form, malignant otitis externa, or necrotising otitis externa, is a potentially life-threatening, invasive infection of the external auditory canal and skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • Failure to recognize necrotizing (ie, malignant) otitis externa (OE) is a significant pitfall. (medscape.com)
  • We report a case of malignant otitis externa with jugular ing (bioMérieux, https://www.biomerieux.com) showed vein thrombosis caused by Aspergillus flavus . (cdc.gov)
  • Malignant external otitis is a serious infection of your ear canal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • What are the symptoms of malignant external otitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • How can doctors tell if I have malignant external otitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • How do doctors treat malignant external otitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • Otitis externa is classified as acute, chronic, or malignant based on the duration of the disease, as well as diffusion and severity of infection and symptoms. (wikidoc.org)
  • Risk factors for malignant necrotizing otitis externa include conditions predisposing an individual to immunocompromise , including undergoing chemotherapy or suffering from diabetes mellitus . (wikidoc.org)
  • Symptoms of malignant necrotizing otitis externa include severe ear pain , facial paralysis , difficulty opening mouth , and difficulty swallowing . (wikidoc.org)
  • CT imaging is essential in establishing a diagnosis of malignant necrotizing otitis externa by revealing the extent of infection past the ear canal and spread into temporal and intracranial bones. (wikidoc.org)
  • Other imaging findings to facilitate accurate diagnosis of malignant necrotizing otitis externa includes Technetium-99m and Gallium Citrate Ga 67 scintigraphical nuclear imaging. (wikidoc.org)
  • Malignant otitis externa that results in palsies , osteitis of the skull base , and osteomyelitis of the temporal bone have particularly poor prognoses if left untreated. (wikidoc.org)
  • The prognosis of malignant necrotizing otitis externa with treatment will vary depending on the severity of resultant complications. (wikidoc.org)
  • Otitis is a general term for inflammation in ear or ear infection, inner ear infection, middle ear infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is subdivided into the following: Otitis externa, external otitis, involves inflammation (either infectious or non-infectious) of the external auditory canal, sometimes extending to the pinna or tragus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Otitis is a term for infection or inflammation of the ear. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Otitis externa is the medical name for inflammation (redness and swelling) and infection of the outer ear canal. (rnid.org.uk)
  • Otitis externa involves inflammation which is triggered by an infection. (firstaidreddeer.ca)
  • Otitis externa is the inflammation of the external auditory canal . (wikidoc.org)
  • Risk factors for acute and chronic otitis externa include activities and conditions that predispose an individual to ear canal inflammation . (wikidoc.org)
  • The concept of otitis-prone children established a certain frequency of the infections in order to look for conditions leading to them. (nih.gov)
  • Ear infections are also called acute otitis media . (asha.org)
  • The purpose of the virtual workshop was to collect scientific input on ways to advance research on otitis media (middle ear infections). (nih.gov)
  • Risk factors associated with CSOM include frequent episodes of acute otitis media (AOM), other respiratory tract infections, and traumatic tympanic rupture as well as factors correlating with resource-limited living conditions such as overcrowding, poor nutrition and hygiene, and chronic infectious diseases. (springer.com)
  • Treatment for otitis externa (swimmer's ear) is important to avoid recurrent infections, hearing loss, and damage to bone, cartilage, nearby tissue and nerves. (nm.org)
  • Untreated, prolonged otitis media can cause infections in other areas, impact speech and language development and lead to permanent hearing loss. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • These infections include aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary empyema, and chronic otitis media and sinusitis. (ichacha.net)
  • Otitis externa (swimmer's ear) -- Involves the outer ear and ear canal. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Redness, swelling, itching and pain in your ear canal are signs of otitis externa, or swimmer's ear. (nm.org)
  • This article reports the annual number of healthcare visits and costs due to swimmer's ear (also called acute otitis externa). (cdc.gov)
  • Pichichero ME, Chapman TJ, Bajorski P. Pneumonia, Sinusitis, Influenza and Other Respiratory Illnesses in Acute Otitis Media-Prone Children. (medscape.com)
  • We have used Manuka honey in cases of otitis externa because of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. (lww.com)
  • i) Climate and seasonal factors - A seasonal increase in environmental temperature has been noted to be followed two months later with increased cases of otitis externa. (roxburghparkanimalhospital.com)
  • In this environment microorganisms multiply and produce toxins, which in turn contribute further to the development of otitis externa. (roxburghparkanimalhospital.com)
  • Thus, this study demonstrates the association of coryneform bacteria with otitis externa in dogs and cats. (vin.com)
  • Prospective evaluation of the aetiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous tympanic membrane perforation. (medscape.com)
  • This is also sometimes called serous otitis media. (web.app)
  • 1 ] Medical grade honey has earlier been used in the management of canine otitis externa with successful outcomes. (lww.com)
  • Those who regularly swim is prone to develop otitis externa since water enters the ear canal. (firstaidreddeer.ca)
  • 55% of atopy and 50% of food allergy cases develop otitis externa and in some cases otitis externa is the only clinical sign seen. (roxburghparkanimalhospital.com)
  • During the initial months after cochlear implantation, the risk of complications of acute otitis media may be higher than during subsequent time periods. (aap.org)
  • The prognosis of otitis externa varies based on the presence of complications from the spread of the infectious pathogen. (wikidoc.org)
  • Changes Over Time in Nasopharyngeal Colonization in Children Under 2 Years of Age at the Time of Diagnosis of Acute Otitis Media (1999-2014). (medscape.com)
  • Aim: To access a therapeutic strategy for acute otitis media of the child in its congestive namely phase: is it justified the antibiotic and the place of the analgesic for this stage of otitis media? (alliedacademies.org)
  • To access a therapeutic strategy for acute otitis media of the child in its congestive namely phase: Is it justified the antibiotic and the place of the analgesic for this stage of otitis media? (alliedacademies.org)
  • In the early stage of otitis externa, we see changes to the skin lining of the ear canal similar to those seen in chronically inflammed skin. (roxburghparkanimalhospital.com)
  • PURPOSE The purpose of this request for applications (RFA) is to support the development of alternative strategies and new approaches for the prevention and treatment of otitis media (OM). (nih.gov)
  • 2 ] We hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory and antibiotic properties of medical-grade Manuka honey can be used in the treatment of otitis externa in human beings. (lww.com)
  • Furthermore, susceptibility data demonstrated a concerning level of resistance among coryneform isolates, namely towards third generation cephalosporins and clindamycin, commonly used in the treatment of otitis externa. (vin.com)
  • KEFLEX is indicated for the treatment of otitis media caused by susceptible isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes , and Moraxella catarrhalis . (rxlist.com)
  • For the treatment of otitis media, the recommended daily dose is 75 to 100 mg/kg given in equally divided doses. (rxlist.com)
  • Other parasites such as ticks and fleas can lodge in the external ear canal and create an inflammatory response which results in otitis externa. (roxburghparkanimalhospital.com)
  • Foreign bodies - Grass seeds are a common cause of otitis externa cases especially during summer months, and especially in dogs with an excessively hairy ear flap or canal. (roxburghparkanimalhospital.com)
  • Gross pathology for otitis externa will include erythema of the ear canal , along with eczema -esque scaly, shedding of the skin. (wikidoc.org)
  • Symptoms for all forms of otitis externa are primarily pain , itching , and swelling of the ear canal . (wikidoc.org)
  • Clements DA, Langdon L, Bland C, Walter E. Influenza A vaccine decreases the incidence of otitis media in 6- to 30- month-old children in day care. (medscape.com)
  • Between six and twelve months of age, otitis media incidence peaks, then reduce until age five. (medtigo.com)
  • The annual incidence of acute otitis externa is usually high, as approximated to be 801 per 100,000 individuals in the U.S. and 140 per 100,000 individuals in the Netherlands. (wikidoc.org)
  • Glue ear" often follows "Acute Otitis Media" or may occur on its own. (ear.co.nz)
  • Both glue ear and acute otitis media occur most commonly in young children, usually as a result of temporary malfunction of the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose. (ear.co.nz)
  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common disease of childhood, It is most appropriately diagnosed by careful otoscopy with an understanding of clinical signs and symptoms [ 1 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • What Are The Symptoms Of Otitis Media? (ear.co.nz)
  • Hormonal disorders - Such conditions can result in otitis externa being the only obvious sign though other skin changes such as oily crusty skin and thinning of hair coat are often seen together with systemic symptoms associated with the specific hormonal condition. (roxburghparkanimalhospital.com)
  • Two biotyping systems and antimicrobial susceptibility were used to characterize coryneform isolates from otitis externa. (vin.com)
  • Otitis media" means there is fluid in the middle ear behind the eardrum. (ear.co.nz)
  • Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common diagnoses to be treated with antimicrobials in the paediatric population, accounting for over 25% of the oral antibiotics prescribed annually. (medscape.com)
  • Megged O, Abdulgany S, Bar-Meir M. Does Acute Otitis Media in the First Month of Life Increase the Risk for Recurrent Otitis? (medscape.com)
  • However, it is higher in several subgroups, including those with a history of recurrent otitis media in childhood, cleft palate or immunocompromised state. (medtigo.com)
  • Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. (medscape.com)
  • Objective: To evaluate factors affecting the perforation closure rate for perforated otitis media. (scirp.org)
  • The aim of this review is as follows: (1) to present the role of otitis as a warning sign for inborn errors of immunity (IEI), (2) to establish which patients presenting otitis should be investigated for IEI, (3) to review data about main IEI associated with otitis-prone patients. (nih.gov)
  • Humoral immunodeficiencies have been more frequently described in association with otitis-prone patients, for example, hypogammaglobulinemia, MBL deficiency, and IEI associated with major syndromes. (nih.gov)
  • Cite this: Prescribing Patterns and Retreatment Rates in Patients With Otitis Media - Medscape - May 01, 2002. (medscape.com)
  • Methods: Between 2008 and 2012, a total of 118 patients with perforated chronic otitis media underwent tympanoplasty at Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital by a single surgeon. (scirp.org)
  • The objective was to study the efficacy of topical applications of Manuka honey in the patients of acute otitis externa. (lww.com)
  • Patients with acute otitis externa without any prior ear complaint or intervention were selected for the study after informed and written consent. (lww.com)
  • Inclusion criteria were patients between 12 years and 80 years of age who presented with acute otitis externa. (lww.com)
  • Methods: 109 patients aged 10 days to 15 years with acute otitis media in its phase congestive, attending Unit of the ENT Diseases, between 2013 and 2014 were selected for studies. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Patients with otitis externa rarely require hospitalization or consultation. (enricocasarosa.com)
  • Most otitis media patients have an excellent prognosis. (medtigo.com)
  • When the eardrum is red and bulging, with fluid or pus behind the eardrum, often associated with pain and fever, this is called "acute otitis media. (ear.co.nz)
  • This study suggests that a relevant role should be attributed to the presence of coryneform bacteria in otitis externa, also in companion animals. (vin.com)
  • To explore factors leading to the treatment of acute-onset otitis media (OM) and determine the effect of antibiotic choice on retreatment rates in a paediatric Medicaid population. (medscape.com)
  • Otitis media in 2253 Pittsburgh-area infants: prevalence and risk factors during the first two years of life. (medscape.com)
  • Tahtinen PA, Laine MK, Ruohola A. Prognostic Factors for Treatment Failure in Acute Otitis Media. (medscape.com)
  • We know some important risk factors, but not all the reasons why some children develop otitis media. (ear.co.nz)
  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common childhood infectious diseases . (bvsalud.org)
  • Otitis interna, or labyrinthitis, involves the inner ear. (wikipedia.org)
  • this is due to the primary cause of immunocompromise resulting in maligant otitis externa being diabetes mellitus . (wikidoc.org)
  • In addition, if the tympanic membrane can be visualized and is red, a pneumatoscope or tympanometry should be used to ascertain whether associated otitis media is present. (enricocasarosa.com)
  • Therefore, it is recommended that acute otitis media diagnosed during the first 2 months after implantation be initially treated with a parenteral antibiotic (eg, ceftriaxone or cefotaxime). (aap.org)
  • A therapeutic approach to antibiotic therapy and the prescription of the analgesic in the congestive phase of acute otitis media has been evaluated. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Our study confirms the non-systematic use of the antibiotic and the imminent place of the analgesic in the treatment of congestive acute otitis of the child. (alliedacademies.org)
  • In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid behind the ear drum, in the normally air-filled middle-ear space. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1980s and 1990s, there was considerable interest in the role of chronic Otitis media ( middle ear disease or'glue ear') in causing APD and related language and literacy problems. (ichacha.net)
  • Otologic surgery generally refers to surgery of the middle ear and mastoid related to chronic otitis media , such as tympanoplasty, or ear drum surgery, ossiculoplasty, or surgery of the hearing bones, and mastoidectomy. (ichacha.net)
  • Cytology confirmed otitis externa and the predominance of irregularly shaped gram-positive rods. (vin.com)