A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)
A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.
An intraductal carcinoma of the breast extending to involve the nipple and areola, characterized clinically by eczema-like inflammatory skin changes and histologically by infiltration of the dermis by malignant cells (Paget's cells). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.
Progressive myopathies characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy. Sporadic and hereditary forms have been described. The sporadic form is an acquired, adult-onset inflammatory vacuolar myopathy affecting proximal and distal muscles. Familial forms usually begin in childhood and lack inflammatory changes. Both forms feature intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in muscle tissue. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1409-10)
A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.
A surgical technique used primarily in the treatment of skin neoplasms, especially basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. This procedure is a microscopically controlled excision of cutaneous tumors either after fixation in vivo or after freezing the tissue. Serial examinations of fresh tissue specimens are most frequently done.
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.
Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA.
The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.
Oleagenous substances used topically to soothe, soften or protect skin or mucous membranes. They are used also as vehicles for other dermatologic agents.
A mass of tissue for transplantation that includes the skin and/or the SUBCUTANEOUS FAT, and the perforating blood vessel that traverses the underlying tissue to supply blood to the skin. Perforator flaps are named after the anatomical region or muscle from where they are transplanted and/or the perforating blood vessel.
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.
Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.
A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.
Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.
A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.
A characteristic symptom complex.
Thinly cut sections of frozen tissue specimens prepared with a cryostat or freezing microtome.
Operative procedures performed on the SKIN.
A sarcoma of the deep layers of the skin. The tumors are locally aggressive tends to recur but rarely metastatic. It can be classified into variants depending on the cell type tumors are derived from or by its characteristics: Pigmented variant from MELANIN-containing DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS; Myxoid variant, myxoid STROMAL CELLS; Giant cell variant characterized by GIANT CELLS in the tumors; and Fibrosarcomatous variant chracterized by tumor areas histologically indistinguishable from FIBROSARCOMA.
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)
'Skin diseases' is a broad term for various conditions affecting the skin, including inflammatory disorders, infections, benign and malignant tumors, congenital abnormalities, and degenerative diseases, which can cause symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, eruptions, lesions, itching, or pain.

Extramammary Paget's disease with aggressive behavior: a report of two cases. (1/58)

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an intraepithelial neoplastic disorder which is included as a rare malignant condition. However, it sometimes shows aggressive behavior of local recurrence and coexisting malignancy. We had experienced nine cases of EMPD involving the scrotum for seven years. Two cases of them presented metastasis. The first case presented extensive inguinal lymph node metastasis with underlying adnexal adenocarcinoma one year after wide local excision. The second case initially presented multiple metastasis to the liver and in the lymph node. The latter, showing fulminant progression with liver metastasis, may be only the second case reported in English literature. EMPD is considered as a malignant neoplasm with aggressive behavior from initial presentation. Because wide local excision of the lesion alone may be occasionally insufficient, a careful follow-up must be done to detect recurrence or internal malignancy.  (+info)

erbB-2 overexpression but no activation of beta-Catenin gene in extramammary Paget's disease. (2/58)

Our previous study in extramammary Paget's disease showed neither p53 mutations nor allelic loss at selected loci implicated in other cancers, suggesting a pathogenesis of this skin cancer different from other common epithelial malignancies. To examine further the genetic defects in extramammary Paget's disease, we carried out molecular genetic analyses in 31 tumor samples obtained from 27 cases of extramammary Paget's disease without underlying malignancies. Immunohistochemistry using CB-11 monoclonal antibody revealed either membrane or cytoplasmic erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression in none of the 13 primary in situ tumors, but in one recurrent in situ tumor, 10 of 13 invasive primary tumors and two of four lymph node metastases. Sensitive dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using probes for erbB-2 gene locus and chromosome 17 pericentromere, however, revealed different erbB-2 gene status in the erbB-2 overexpressing tumors. One recurrent in situ tumor and one lymph node metastasis showed definite gene amplification characterized by multiple scattered signals or a few large clustered erbB-2 signals, whereas four tumors with predominantly cytoplasmic erbB-2 overexpression were thought to have low-grade gene amplification. The remaining six tumors overexpressing erbB-2 showed no increase of erbB-2 copy numbers. No evidence of abnormal activation of the beta-catenin gene, a critical mediator of Wnt signaling pathway, in any tumor by immunohistochemical staining and by direct sequencing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was found. Frequent overexpression of erbB-2 by either gene amplification or possible transcriptional activation in invasive primary tumors and metastases suggests an important part for this oncogene in the progression of extramammary Paget's disease.  (+info)

Extension of extramammary Paget disease of the vulva to the cervix. (3/58)

Extramammary Paget disease of the vulva was found in association with vulval adenocarcinoma in an elderly woman who also had a uterine prolapse. The characteristic histological appearances of extramammary Paget disease were masked by striking reactive changes in the squamous epithelium. Primary excision of both the intraepithelial and invasive disease appeared complete. However, a subsequent hysterectomy with repair of the prolapse revealed extramammary Paget disease in the upper vaginal mucosa and cervix, a finding which is very rarely described. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of extramammary Paget disease is discussed, with differential diagnosis and reference to immunohistochemical methods.  (+info)

Extramammary Paget disease is characterized by the consistent lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors but frequently expresses androgen receptor. (4/58)

Extramammary Paget disease (EPD) is an uncommon cutaneous malignant neoplasm that arises in areas rich in apocrine glands (perineum, vulva, and axilla). Apocrine gland origin or apocrine differentiation of cells of EPD has been suggested. Estrongen, progesterone, and androgen hormone receptors have been reported to exhibit a characteristic pattern of expression in mammary apocrine type carcinomas; however, their expression in EPD has not been elucidated fully. By using immunohistochemical methods, we studied the expression of steroid receptors in EPD on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 28 patients with EPD without associated visceral malignant neoplasms or adnexal carcinoma. Androgen receptor (AR) was identified in 15 of 28 cases. The proportion of AR-positive cells varied from 1% to more than 75%; 8 cases expressed AR in more than 10% of cells. Strong AR expression also was seen in the invasive carcinoma arising from 1 case of EPD. All cases lacked immunohistochemically detectable estrogen and progesterone receptors. The immunophenotype characteristic of apocrine carcinomas (AR-positive, estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative) was seen in a substantial proportion of EPD cases. Results suggest that AR expression is a factor in pathogenesis of EPD. This may be important for the therapy of recurrent or invasive disease.  (+info)

Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease. (5/58)

Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease are uncommon intraepithelial adenocarcinomas. Both conditions have similar clinical features, which mimic inflammatory and infective diseases. Histological diagnostic confusion can arise between Paget's disease and other neoplastic conditions affecting the skin, with the most common differential diagnoses being malignant melanoma and atypical squamous disease. The glandular differentiation of both mammary Paget's disease and extramammary Paget's disease is indicated by morphological appearances, the presence of intracellular mucin in many cases, and positive immunohistochemical staining for glandular cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. This article provides an overview of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease and discusses recent evidence regarding the cell of origin. The concepts of primary and secondary Paget's disease are presented and the differential diagnosis is discussed with reference to immunohistochemical markers that might be of diagnostic value.  (+info)

HEAT STABILITY OF HUMAN PLACENTAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE. (6/58)

Alkaline phosphatase prepared from human placentae shows greater resistance to heat inactivation than any other known alkaline phosphatase of human origin. In the presence of magnesium this enzyme may be heated at 70 degrees C. for 30 minutes without loss of activity whereas other human alkaline phosphatases lose most of their activity on being heated at 56 degrees C. for this period of time. This heat stability is seen in freshly prepared enzyme, in alcohol-fractionated and freeze-dried material, and in the sera of individuals into whom placental alkaline phosphatase has been infused. The clinical implications of our observations are briefly indicated.  (+info)

Radiation-associated venous stenosis: endovascular treatment options. (7/58)

We report a case of radiation-induced venous stenosis after pelvic irradiation to treat Paget's disease of the scrotum. During therapeutic anticoagulation, significant left lower extremity swelling developed due to an iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). After percutaneous thrombectomy and thrombolysis, a high-grade stenosis was uncovered in the left external iliac vein, which was treated with an endoluminal stent. However, ipsilateral DVT recurred 2 months later despite continued anticoagulation therapy. Repeat treatment was successful. Pelvic radiation is a potential cause of iliac vein stenosis. Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy may have a useful role in management of complex iliofemoral DVT.  (+info)

p185HER2 overexpression and HER2 oncogene amplification in recurrent vulvar Paget's disease. (8/58)

We evaluated p186Her2 overexpression and HER2 oncogene amplification in recurrent vulvar Paget's disease. We identified six patients with recurrent vulvar Paget's disease in our archives. The number of recurrences ranged from 1 to 11 over a time period of 1-168 months. Recurrences were evaluated immunohistochemically for p185Her2 overexpression with the HercepTest and for HER2 oncogene amplification with fluorescence in situ hybridization. p185Her2 overexpression was scored as 3 in two patients, as 2 in two patients, and as 1 in two patients. All patients with scores 2 and 3 showed HER2 oncogene amplification. Overexpression of p185Her2 and HER2 oncogene amplification appears to be common in recurrent vulvar Paget's disease.  (+info)

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare skin condition that typically affects the genital or anal areas, but can also occur in other areas such as the axillae (armpits) or male nipples. It is named similar to Paget's disease of the breast, but they are different conditions. EMPD is not related to breast cancer.

EMPD is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells called Paget cells in the skin. These cells can invade the surrounding tissue and may spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). The exact cause of EMPD is unknown, but it's thought to be associated with an underlying malignancy such as an adenocarcinoma in the adjacent area.

Symptoms of EMPD can include redness, itching, burning, or pain in the affected area. There may also be scaling, crusting, or oozing of the skin. The lesions associated with EMPD are typically slow-growing and can be mistaken for eczema, psoriasis, or other benign skin conditions.

Diagnosis of EMPD is usually made through a biopsy of the affected skin. Treatment typically involves surgical excision of the lesion, with wide margins to ensure complete removal of the abnormal cells. In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended if there are signs of spread (metastasis) to other parts of the body. Regular follow-up is important to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

Osteitis deformans, also known as Paget's disease of bone, is a chronic disorder of the bone characterized by abnormal turnover and remodeling of the bone. In this condition, the bone becomes enlarged, thickened, and deformed due to excessive and disorganized bone formation and resorption.

The process begins when the bone-remodeling cycle is disrupted, leading to an imbalance between the activity of osteoclasts (cells that break down bone) and osteoblasts (cells that form new bone). In Paget's disease, osteoclasts become overactive and increase bone resorption, followed by an overzealous response from osteoblasts, which attempt to repair the damage but do so in a disorganized manner.

The affected bones can become weakened, prone to fractures, and may cause pain, deformities, or other complications such as arthritis, hearing loss, or neurological symptoms if the skull or spine is involved. The exact cause of Paget's disease remains unknown, but it is believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development.

Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms and prevent complications associated with osteitis deformans. Treatment options include medications to slow down bone turnover, pain management, and orthopedic interventions when necessary.

Paget's disease of the nipple, also known as Paget's disease of the breast, is a rare type of cancer that starts in the breast ducts and spreads to the skin of the nipple and areola. The symptoms often include redness, itching, tingling, or burning of the nipple, which can also become flaky, scaly, or crusty. There may also be a discharge from the nipple.

The exact cause of Paget's disease is not known, but it is thought to be associated with underlying breast cancer in about 90% of cases. It is more common in women over the age of 50 and is usually diagnosed through a biopsy of the affected skin. Treatment typically involves removing the affected breast tissue, which may include a mastectomy, followed by radiation therapy.

It's important to note that Paget's disease of the nipple is different from benign paget's disease of the breast, which is a non-cancerous condition that can cause similar symptoms but does not spread to other parts of the body.

Vulvar neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the vulvar region, which is the exterior female genital area including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and the vaginal vestibule. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign vulvar neoplasms may include conditions such as vulvar cysts, fibromas, lipomas, or condylomas (genital warts). They are typically slow-growing and less likely to spread or invade surrounding tissues.

Malignant vulvar neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancers that can invade nearby tissues and potentially metastasize (spread) to distant parts of the body. The most common types of malignant vulvar neoplasms are squamous cell carcinoma, vulvar melanoma, and adenocarcinoma.

Early detection and treatment of vulvar neoplasms are essential for improving prognosis and reducing the risk of complications or recurrence. Regular gynecological examinations, self-examinations, and prompt attention to any unusual symptoms or changes in the vulvar area can help ensure timely diagnosis and management.

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a rare inflammatory muscle disease characterized by progressive weakness and wasting (atrophy) of skeletal muscles. The term "inclusion body" refers to the presence of abnormal protein accumulations within muscle fibers, which are observed under a microscope during muscle biopsy. These inclusions are primarily composed of aggregated forms of amyloid-β and tau proteins, similar to those found in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

IBM typically affects individuals over 50 years old, and it is more common in men than women. The disease usually starts with weakness in the wrist and finger flexors, making it difficult to perform tasks such as gripping, buttoning shirts, or lifting objects. Over time, the weakness spreads to other muscle groups, including the thigh muscles (quadriceps), resulting in difficulty climbing stairs or rising from a seated position.

The exact cause of inclusion body myositis remains unclear; however, both immune-mediated and degenerative mechanisms are believed to contribute to its pathogenesis. Currently, there is no cure for IBM, and treatment options are primarily aimed at managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Immunosuppressive medications may be used to target the inflammatory component of the disease; however, their efficacy varies among patients. Physical therapy and exercise programs can help maintain muscle strength and function as much as possible.

The scrotum is a part of the external male genitalia. It's a sac-like structure made up of several layers of skin and smooth muscle, which hangs down behind and beneath the penis. The primary function of the scrotum is to maintain the testicles at a temperature slightly lower than the core body temperature, which is optimal for sperm production.

The scrotum contains two compartments, each one housing a testicle. It's located in the pubic region and is usually visible externally. The skin of the scrotum is thin and wrinkled, which allows it to expand and contract depending on the temperature, accommodating the shrinking or swelling of the testicles.

Please note that while I strive to provide accurate information, this definition is intended to be a general overview and should not replace professional medical advice.

Mohs surgery, also known as Mohs micrographic surgery, is a precise surgical technique used to treat common types of skin cancer. It's primarily used for basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas that have recurred, are large, aggressive, or in critical areas where preservation of healthy tissue is important, such as the face.

The procedure involves removing the visible tumor along with a thin layer of surrounding tissue. This layer is then processed and examined under a microscope while the patient waits. If cancer cells are found in the margin of the removed tissue, another layer of tissue is taken from that specific area and examined. This process continues until no cancer cells are found in the margins, ensuring complete removal of the tumor while minimizing the removal of healthy tissue.

The main advantage of Mohs surgery is its ability to accurately assess the depth and extent of the cancer, leading to high cure rates and improved cosmetic outcomes. However, it's a specialized procedure that requires extensive training and should be performed by a fellowship-trained Mohs surgeon.

Penile neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the penis. These can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The most common type of penile cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which begins in the flat cells that line the surface of the penis. Other types of penile cancer include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma.

Benign penile neoplasms include conditions such as papillomas, condylomas, and peyronie's disease. These growths are usually not life-threatening, but they can cause discomfort, pain, or other symptoms that may require medical treatment.

It is important to note that any unusual changes in the penis, such as lumps, bumps, or sores, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

Genital neoplasms in males refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the male reproductive organs. These can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Malignant genital neoplasms are often referred to as genital cancers. The most common types of male genital cancers include:

1. Penile Cancer: This occurs when cancer cells form in the tissues of the penis.
2. Testicular Cancer: This forms in the testicles (testes), which are located inside the scrotum.
3. Prostate Cancer: This is a common cancer in men, forming in the prostate gland, which is part of the male reproductive system that helps make semen.
4. Scrotal Cancer: This is a rare form of cancer that forms in the skin or tissue of the scrotum.
5. Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PeIN): This is not cancer, but it is considered a pre-cancerous condition of the penis.

Early detection and treatment of genital neoplasms can significantly improve the prognosis. Regular self-examinations and medical check-ups are recommended, especially for individuals with risk factors such as smoking, HIV infection, or a family history of these cancers.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a group of disorders caused by progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. These areas of the brain are associated with personality, behavior, and language.

There are three main types of FTD:

1. Behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD): This type is characterized by changes in personality, behavior, and judgment. Individuals may become socially inappropriate, emotionally indifferent, or impulsive. They may lose interest in things they used to enjoy and have difficulty with tasks that require planning and organization.

2. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA): This type affects language abilities. There are two main subtypes of PPA: semantic dementia and progressive nonfluent aphasia. Semantic dementia is characterized by difficulty understanding words and objects, while progressive nonfluent aphasia is characterized by problems with speech production and articulation.

3. Motor neuron disease (MND) associated FTD: Some individuals with FTD may also develop motor neuron disease, which affects the nerves that control muscle movement. This can lead to weakness, stiffness, and wasting of muscles, as well as difficulty swallowing and speaking.

FTD is a degenerative disorder, meaning that symptoms get worse over time. There is no cure for FTD, but there are treatments available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. The exact cause of FTD is not known, but it is believed to be related to abnormalities in certain proteins in the brain. In some cases, FTD may run in families and be caused by genetic mutations.

Emollients are medical substances or preparations used to soften and soothe the skin, making it more supple and flexible. They work by forming a barrier on the surface of the skin that helps to prevent water loss and protect the skin from irritants and allergens. Emollients can be in the form of creams, lotions, ointments, or gels, and are often used to treat dry, scaly, or itchy skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis. They may contain ingredients such as petroleum jelly, lanolin, mineral oil, or various plant-derived oils and butters. Emollients can also help to reduce inflammation and promote healing of the skin.

A perforator flap is a type of surgical tissue transfer that involves the relocation of skin, fat, and sometimes muscle or fascia (the layer of connective tissue surrounding muscles) based on a specific blood vessel called a perforator. These vessels pass through the deeper fascial layers to supply the overlying skin and subcutaneous tissues.

Perforator flaps are designed to minimize donor site morbidity by preserving the underlying muscle and maximizing functional outcomes, as only the necessary amount of tissue is taken along with the perforator vessel. The versatility and reliability of these flaps have expanded their application in various reconstructive procedures, such as breast reconstruction, extremity reconstruction, and head and neck reconstruction.

The success of a perforator flap depends on careful preoperative planning, precise identification, and preservation of the perforating vessels during surgery. Commonly used techniques for perforator flaps include the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap, and anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap.

Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the skin that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled multiplication of skin cells, which can form various types of lesions. These growths may appear as lumps, bumps, sores, patches, or discolored areas on the skin.

Benign skin neoplasms include conditions such as moles, warts, and seborrheic keratoses, while malignant skin neoplasms are primarily classified into melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. These three types of cancerous skin growths are collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer, while NMSCs tend to be less invasive but more common.

It's essential to monitor any changes in existing skin lesions or the appearance of new growths and consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if needed.

Diphosphonates are a class of medications that are used to treat bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease. They work by binding to the surface of bones and inhibiting the activity of bone-resorbing cells called osteoclasts. This helps to slow down the breakdown and loss of bone tissue, which can help to reduce the risk of fractures.

Diphosphonates are typically taken orally in the form of tablets, but some forms may be given by injection. Commonly prescribed diphosphonates include alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), and ibandronate (Boniva). Side effects of diphosphonates can include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, heartburn, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, they may also cause esophageal ulcers or osteonecrosis of the jaw.

It is important to follow the instructions for taking diphosphonates carefully, as they must be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water and the patient must remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation. Regular monitoring of bone density and kidney function is also recommended while taking these medications.

Human chromosome pair 18 consists of two rod-shaped structures present in the nucleus of each cell of the human body. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, protein, and RNA, and they carry genetic information that determines an individual's physical characteristics, biochemical processes, and susceptibility to disease.

Chromosome pair 18 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes that make up the human genome. Each member of chromosome pair 18 has a length of about 75 million base pairs and contains around 600 genes. Chromosome pair 18 is also known as the "smart chromosome" because it contains many genes involved in brain development, function, and cognition.

Abnormalities in chromosome pair 18 can lead to genetic disorders such as Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), in which there is an extra copy of chromosome 18, or deletion of a portion of the chromosome, leading to various developmental and cognitive impairments.

Anus neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the anus, which is the opening at the end of the digestive tract where solid waste leaves the body. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Common types of anus neoplasms include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and melanoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of anus cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases. It begins in the squamous cells that line the anal canal and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

Adenocarcinoma is a less common type of anus cancer that arises from glandular cells in the anus. This type of cancer is often associated with long-standing inflammatory conditions, such as anal fistulas or ulcerative colitis.

Melanoma is a rare form of skin cancer that can also occur in the anus. It develops from pigment-producing cells called melanocytes and tends to be aggressive with a high risk of spreading to other parts of the body.

Other less common types of anus neoplasms include basal cell carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma. Treatment options for anus neoplasms depend on the type, stage, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health.

Adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate. This reaction releases energy, which is used to drive various cellular processes such as muscle contraction, transport of ions across membranes, and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.

ATPases are classified into several types based on their structure, function, and mechanism of action. Some examples include:

1. P-type ATPases: These ATPases form a phosphorylated intermediate during the reaction cycle and are involved in the transport of ions across membranes, such as the sodium-potassium pump and calcium pumps.
2. F-type ATPases: These ATPases are found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria, and are responsible for generating a proton gradient across the membrane, which is used to synthesize ATP.
3. V-type ATPases: These ATPases are found in vacuolar membranes and endomembranes, and are involved in acidification of intracellular compartments.
4. A-type ATPases: These ATPases are found in the plasma membrane and are involved in various functions such as cell signaling and ion transport.

Overall, ATPases play a crucial role in maintaining the energy balance of cells and regulating various physiological processes.

A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body to be examined under a microscope for the presence of disease. This can help doctors diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as cancer, infections, or autoimmune disorders. The type of biopsy performed will depend on the location and nature of the suspected condition. Some common types of biopsies include:

1. Incisional biopsy: In this procedure, a surgeon removes a piece of tissue from an abnormal area using a scalpel or other surgical instrument. This type of biopsy is often used when the lesion is too large to be removed entirely during the initial biopsy.

2. Excisional biopsy: An excisional biopsy involves removing the entire abnormal area, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. This technique is typically employed for smaller lesions or when cancer is suspected.

3. Needle biopsy: A needle biopsy uses a thin, hollow needle to extract cells or fluid from the body. There are two main types of needle biopsies: fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy. FNA extracts loose cells, while a core needle biopsy removes a small piece of tissue.

4. Punch biopsy: In a punch biopsy, a round, sharp tool is used to remove a small cylindrical sample of skin tissue. This type of biopsy is often used for evaluating rashes or other skin abnormalities.

5. Shave biopsy: During a shave biopsy, a thin slice of tissue is removed from the surface of the skin using a sharp razor-like instrument. This technique is typically used for superficial lesions or growths on the skin.

After the biopsy sample has been collected, it is sent to a laboratory where a pathologist will examine the tissue under a microscope and provide a diagnosis based on their findings. The results of the biopsy can help guide further treatment decisions and determine the best course of action for managing the patient's condition.

Breast neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the breast tissue that can be benign or malignant. Benign breast neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors or growths, while malignant breast neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

Breast neoplasms can arise from different types of cells in the breast, including milk ducts, milk sacs (lobules), or connective tissue. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which starts in the milk ducts and can spread to other parts of the breast and nearby structures.

Breast neoplasms are usually detected through screening methods such as mammography, ultrasound, or MRI, or through self-examination or clinical examination. Treatment options for breast neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and personal preferences. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy.

Intraductal carcinoma, noninfiltrating is a medical term used to describe a type of breast cancer that is confined to the milk ducts of the breast. It is also sometimes referred to as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Noninfiltrating means that the cancer cells have not spread beyond the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue or elsewhere in the body.

In this type of cancer, abnormal cells line the milk ducts and fill the inside of the ducts. These abnormal cells may look like cancer cells under a microscope, but they have not grown through the walls of the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue. However, if left untreated, noninfiltrating intraductal carcinoma can progress to an invasive form of breast cancer where the cancer cells spread beyond the milk ducts and invade the surrounding breast tissue.

It is important to note that while noninfiltrating intraductal carcinoma is considered a precancerous condition, it still requires medical treatment to prevent the development of invasive breast cancer. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy, depending on the size and location of the tumor and other individual factors.

A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.

For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.

"Frozen sections" is a medical term that refers to the process of quickly preparing and examining a small piece of tissue during surgery. This procedure is typically performed by a pathologist in order to provide immediate diagnostic information to the surgeon, who can then make informed decisions about the course of the operation.

To create a frozen section, the surgical team first removes a small sample of tissue from the patient's body. This sample is then quickly frozen, typically using a special machine that can freeze the tissue in just a few seconds. Once the tissue is frozen, it can be cut into thin slices and stained with dyes to help highlight its cellular structures.

The stained slides are then examined under a microscope by a pathologist, who looks for any abnormalities or signs of disease. The results of this examination are typically available within 10-30 minutes, allowing the surgeon to make real-time decisions about whether to remove more tissue, change the surgical approach, or take other actions based on the findings.

Frozen sections are often used in cancer surgery to help ensure that all of the cancerous tissue has been removed, and to guide decisions about whether additional treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy are necessary. They can also be used in other types of surgeries to help diagnose conditions and make treatment decisions during the procedure.

Dermatologic surgical procedures refer to various types of surgeries performed by dermatologists, which are aimed at treating and managing conditions related to the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. These procedures can be divided into several categories, including:

1. Excisional surgery: This involves removing a lesion or growth by cutting it out with a scalpel. The resulting wound is then closed with stitches, sutures, or left to heal on its own.
2. Incisional biopsy: This is a type of excisional surgery where only a portion of the lesion is removed for diagnostic purposes.
3. Cryosurgery: This involves using extreme cold (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy abnormal tissue, such as warts or precancerous growths.
4. Electrosurgical procedures: These use heat generated by an electric current to remove or destroy skin lesions. Examples include electrodessication and curettage (ED&C), which involves scraping away the affected tissue with a sharp instrument and then applying heat to seal the wound.
5. Laser surgery: Dermatologic surgeons use various types of lasers to treat a wide range of conditions, such as removing tattoos, reducing wrinkles, or treating vascular lesions.
6. Mohs micrographic surgery: This is a specialized surgical technique used to treat certain types of skin cancer, particularly basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. It involves removing the tumor in thin layers and examining each layer under a microscope until no cancer cells remain.
7. Scar revision surgery: Dermatologic surgeons can perform procedures to improve the appearance of scars, such as excising the scar and reclosing the wound or using laser therapy to minimize redness and thickness.
8. Hair transplantation: This involves removing hair follicles from one area of the body (usually the back of the head) and transplanting them to another area where hair is thinning or absent, such as the scalp or eyebrows.
9. Flap surgery: In this procedure, a piece of tissue with its own blood supply is moved from one part of the body to another and then reattached. This can be used for reconstructive purposes after skin cancer removal or trauma.
10. Liposuction: Dermatologic surgeons may perform liposuction to remove excess fat from various areas of the body, such as the abdomen, thighs, or chin.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare type of skin cancer that begins in the middle layer of the skin known as the dermis. It often appears as a scar or bruise that does not go away and may grow slowly over time, sometimes spreading to deeper tissues and other parts of the body. DFSP can be difficult to treat if it has spread, but when caught early, it is usually curable with surgery.

DFSP is characterized by the growth of abnormal fibroblasts, which are cells that produce collagen, a protein that helps make up connective tissues in the body. The exact cause of DFSP is not known, but it has been linked to genetic mutations and previous injuries or surgeries to the skin.

Treatment for DFSP typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with a margin of healthy tissue around it. In some cases, radiation therapy or targeted therapy may also be used to help ensure that all cancer cells have been removed. Regular follow-up care is important to monitor for any signs of recurrence or spread of the disease.

Carcinoma, basal cell is a type of skin cancer that arises from the basal cells, which are located in the lower part of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin). It is also known as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and is the most common form of skin cancer.

BCC typically appears as a small, shiny, pearly bump or nodule on the skin, often in sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, neck, hands, and arms. It may also appear as a scar-like area that is white, yellow, or waxy. BCCs are usually slow growing and rarely spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. However, they can be locally invasive and destroy surrounding tissue if left untreated.

The exact cause of BCC is not known, but it is thought to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. People with fair skin, light hair, and blue or green eyes are at increased risk of developing BCC.

Treatment for BCC typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with a margin of healthy tissue. Other treatment options may include radiation therapy, topical chemotherapy, or photodynamic therapy. Prevention measures include protecting your skin from UV radiation by wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, and avoiding tanning beds.

Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.

Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.

The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

... of all Paget's disease. The clinical presentation of this disease is similar to the characteristics of mammary Paget's disease ... "Paget's disease of the vulva: prevalence of associated vulvar carcinoma, invasive Paget's disease, and recurrence after ... Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare and slow-growing malignancy which occurs within the epithelium and accounts for ... Isrow D, Oregel KZ, Cortes J, Gomez H, Milikowski C, Feun L, Silva O (2014-07-06). "Advanced Extramammary Paget's Disease of ...
Regauer S (May 2006). "Extramammary Paget's disease--a proliferation of adnexal origin?". Histopathology. 48 (6): 723-9. doi: ...
Paget's disease of the nipple ... , extramammary Paget's disease, Paget's abscess and Paget's disease of bone. WhoNamedIt.com v ... Sir James Paget (1814-1899) had several diseases named after him, in addition to Paget's disease of bone. Paget's disease of ... A Paget's abscess, named by eminent British surgeon and pathologist Sir James Paget, is an abscess that recurs at the site of a ... Sir James Paget (1814-1899) ... described several diseases that bear his name: ...
Patients with melanoma of the head and neck region, vulva, and extramammary Paget's disease of the genital region have been ... June 2018). "Boron neutron capture therapy for vulvar melanoma and genital extramammary Paget's disease with curative responses ... June 2018). "Boron neutron capture therapy for vulvar melanoma and genital extramammary Paget's disease with curative responses ... of the results from the Harvard-MIT NCT program phase I clinical trial of neutron capture therapy for intracranial disease". ...
2004). "PIG7/LITAF gene mutation and overexpression of its gene product in extramammary Paget's disease". Int. J. Cancer. 111 ( ... 2005). "Early onset neuropathy in a compound form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Ann. Neurol. 57 (4): 589-91. doi:10.1002/ana ... 2006). "SIMPLE mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and the potential role of its protein product in protein degradation". ... 2003). "Mutation of a putative protein degradation gene LITAF/SIMPLE in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1C". Neurology. 60 (1): 22- ...
August 2008). "Differential expression of two new members of the p53 family, p63 and p73, in extramammary Paget's disease". ...
... nodular lesions in extramammary Paget disease, dermatofibroma, focal areas of mucinosis, colloid milium, and sebaceous adenomas ... complex tumors intermixed with other malignancies such as extramammary Paget disease, melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. ... Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition. The Female Genital Tract chapter 22, pg. 1067. Patel S, Lambert WC ... must be differentiated from a wide range of other similarly presenting anogenital lesions such as hemorrhoidal disease, ...
Other forms of vulvar cancer include invasive Extramammary Paget's disease, adenocarcinoma (of the Bartholin glands, for ... Radiation therapy may be used in more advanced vulvar cancer cases when disease has spread to the lymph nodes and/or pelvis. It ... Around 1,200 women were diagnosed with the disease in 2011, and 400 women died in 2012. In the United Kingdom 7 out of 10 ... Stage 4A vulvar cancer Stage 4B vulvar cancer Other cancerous lesions in the differential diagnosis include Paget's disease of ...
M8542/3 Paget disease, extramammary (except Paget disease of bone) M8543/3 Paget disease and intraductal carcinoma of breast ( ... Inflammatory adenocarcinoma M8540/3 Paget disease, mammary (C50._) Paget disease of breast M8541/3 Paget disease and ... M9762/3 Heavy chain disease, NOS Alpha heavy chain disease Mu heavy chain disease Gamma heavy chain disease Franklin disease ... M9768/1 T-gamma lymphoproliferative disease M9769/1 Immunoglobulin deposition disease Systemic light chain disease Primary ...
... sarcomas and invasive extramammary Paget's disease. Squamous cell carcinomas represent the most common variant of vulvar ... Crohn's disease of the vulva is an uncommon form of metastatic Crohn's disease which manifests as a skin condition showing as ... In more advanced disease, a (partial) vulvectomy may need to be performed in order to remove some or all of the vulva. Advanced ... A subtype of psoriasis, an autoimmune disease, is inverse psoriasis in which red patches can appear in the skin folds of the ...
The term pagetoid (i.e., 'Paget-like') is derived from the extramammary Paget's disease, wherein the large tumour cells are ... Squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma in situ, Pagetoid Bowen's disease, ocular sebaceous carcinoma, and other carcinomas can all ... Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran's Pathologic Basis of Disease.Elsevier.1069 "Dermatopathological terminology - ...
... paget's disease, extramammary MeSH C04.557.470.200.025.715 - pulmonary adenomatosis, ovine MeSH C04.557.470.200.150 - carcinoma ... paget's disease, extramammary MeSH C04.557.470.615.670 - papilloma, intraductal MeSH C04.557.470.625 - neoplasms, ... paget's disease, mammary MeSH C04.557.470.200.025.290 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C04.557.470.200.025.290.500 - gastrinoma ... paget's disease, mammary MeSH C04.557.470.615.305 - carcinoma, lobular MeSH C04.557.470.615.315 - carcinoma, medullary MeSH ...
"Paget's disease") Paget's disease of the breast Paget-Schroetter disease Paget's abscess Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) ... Paget's disease may refer to several conditions described by Sir James Paget, surgeon and pathologist: Paget's disease of bone ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Paget's disease. If an internal link led you here, you may ...
Extramammary Paget's disease refers to a group of similar, more rare skin lesions discovered by Radcliffe Crocker in 1889 which ... Paget: Paget's disease of bone Paget's disease of the nipple (a form of intraductal breast cancer spreading into the skin ... Paget-Schroetter disease Paget's abscess, an abscess that recurs at the site of a former abscess which had resolved. Paget was ... He discovered the Paget's disease of the breast and the Paget's disease of the bones (osteitis deformans), which are named ...
Non-squamous intraepithelial neoplasia Extramammary Paget's disease Tumors of melanocytes, noninvasive Invasive disease (vulvar ... May 1989). "New nomenclature for vulvar disease: International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease". Hum. Pathol. 20 (5): ... Bowen's disease, and Kraurosis vulvae by a new classification system for Epithelial Vulvar Disease: Nonneoplastic epithelial ... "Vulvar Disease , Research and Education". ISSVD. Retrieved 2022-04-20. Sideri M, Jones RW, Wilkinson EJ, Preti M, Heller D,. ...
Paget disease extramammary Paget disease juvenile type Paget's disease of bone Paget's disease of the breast Paget's disease, ... type 1 Polycystic kidney disease, type 2 Polycystic kidney disease, type 3 Polycystic kidney disease Polycystic ovarian disease ... This is a list of diseases starting with the letter "P". Diseases Alphabetical list 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T ... adult type Polycystic kidney disease, infantile type Polycystic kidney disease, infantile, type I Polycystic kidney disease, ...
Evans Extramammary Paget's disease - Sir James Paget Fabry disease - Johannes Fabry Fanconi anemia - Guido Fanconi Fanconi ... James Paget Paget's disease of the penis - James Paget Paget's disease of the vulva - James Paget Paget-Schroetter disease (a.k ... Paget's disease) - James Paget Paget's disease of the breast (a.k.a. Paget's disease of the nipple) - ... Paget-Schroetter syndrome and Paget-von Schrötter disease) - James Paget, Leopold von Schrötter Parkinson's disease - James ...
Eruptive vellus hair cyst Erythroplasia of Queyrat Extramammary Paget's disease Fibroepithelioma Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus ... Adult linear IgA disease Bullous pemphigoid Bullous lupus erythematosus Childhood linear IgA disease (chronic bullous disease ... Weil's disease) Listeriosis Ludwig's angina Lupoid sycosis Lyme disease (Afzelius' disease, Lyme borreliosis) Lymphogranuloma ... Haxthausen's disease) Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris (Buschke-Fischer-Brauer disease, Davis Colley disease, ...
The third category of scrotal injury includes Extramammary Paget cancer that affects the scrotum. If the tissue is affected by ... "Use of the scrotal remnant as a tissue-expanding musculocutaneous flap for scrotal reconstruction in Paget's disease". Annals ...
... of all Pagets disease. The clinical presentation of this disease is similar to the characteristics of mammary Pagets disease ... "Pagets disease of the vulva: prevalence of associated vulvar carcinoma, invasive Pagets disease, and recurrence after ... Extramammary Pagets disease (EMPD) is a rare and slow-growing malignancy which occurs within the epithelium and accounts for ... Isrow D, Oregel KZ, Cortes J, Gomez H, Milikowski C, Feun L, Silva O (2014-07-06). "Advanced Extramammary Pagets Disease of ...
... of the nipple was first described by Sir James Paget in 1874. Extramammary PD (EMPD) was first recognized and reported as a ... encoded search term (Extramammary Paget Disease) and Extramammary Paget Disease What to Read Next on Medscape ... Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is morphologically and histologically identical to mammary Paget disease (PD) of the nipple, ... Extramammary Paget Disease. Updated: Jul 21, 2021 * Author: Richard Harold "Hal" Flowers, IV, MD; Chief Editor: Dirk M Elston, ...
We report a case of extramammary Pagets disease in ovarian mature cystic teratoma. The patient was a 70-year-old Japanese ... Extramammary Pagets disease arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary Am J Surg Pathol. 1991 Oct;15(10):1002-6. doi: ... We report a case of extramammary Pagets disease in ovarian mature cystic teratoma. The patient was a 70-year-old Japanese ... This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of extramammary Pagets disease arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ...
Familial extramammary Pagets disease, Extramammary Pagets disease, Pagets disease of the vulvar ... A Case Report of Familial Extramammary Pagets Disease in Female Siblings Subject Area: Dermatology , Pharmacology ... Extramammary Pagets disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial neoplasm that occurs in apocrine-bearing areas of skin such as ... Extramammary Pagets disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial neoplasm that occurs in apocrine-bearing areas of skin. Most EMPD ...
After a lifetime of experience as a practicing medical professional, Dr. Stephen Cohen has created a repository of insightful medical information. Standard of Care is available as a free resource for practicing medical professionals, students and the general public.. ...
Primary Extra-mammary Pagets disease (EMPD) is a very rare cutaneous adenocarcinoma affecting anogenital or axillary regions. ... Comparison of the biomarkers for targeted therapies in primary extra-mammary and mammary Pagets disease. ... Eighteen EMPD (13 vulvar and five scrotal) and ten mammary Pagets disease (MPD) cases were comprehensively profiled for gene ...
Foods for Extramammary Paget Disease!. Aug 4, 2023. Introduction Foods for Extramammary Paget Disease should be personalized ...
Simple Summary Extramammary Pagets disease of the vulva (EMPDV) is a rare disease. However, an association between EMPDV and ... Simple Summary Extramammary Pagets disease of the vulva (EMPDV) is a rare disease. However, an association between EMPDV and ... Extramammary Pagets Disease of the Vulva and Concomitant Premalignant/Malignant Vulvar Lesions: A Potential Challenge in ... Extramammary Pagets Disease of the Vulva and Concomitant Premalignant/Malignant Vulvar Lesions: A Potential Challenge in ...
Penoscrotal extramammary Pagets disease: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center contemporary experience. ... Dive into the research topics of Penoscrotal extramammary Pagets disease: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer ...
... and Extra-mammary Pagets Disease.. Dr. Brewer is a Professor of Dermatology and the program director of the Micrographic ...
Extramammary Pagets disease--evidence for an apocrine origin. An immunoperoxidase study of gross cystic disease fluid protein- ... Extramammary Pagets disease: prognosis and relationship to internal malignancy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985 Dec. 13(6):1009-14. [ ... Extramammary Pagets disease. A critical reexamination. Am J Dermatopathol. 1979 Summer. 1(2):101-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Surgical treatment of extramammary Pagets disease. A report of six cases and a reexamination of Mohs micrographic surgery ...
Extramammary Pagets disease is a rare skin malignancy, and its diagnosis requires invasive biopsy and histopathological ... Surgery is the standard treatment for extramammary Pagets disease patients; however, as incision boundaries and the depth of ... During detection using our technique, we delineated the boundaries of the extramammary Pagets disease lesion as a guide for ... Diagnosis of subclinical extramammary Pagets disease with a combination of noninvasive photodynamic diagnosis and reflectance ...
Keywords: Biopsy, extramammary Paget disease, recurrence, oncology Abstract. Objective To analyze oncologic outcomes of ... Oncologic Outcomes of a Novel Mapping Biopsy Technique Before Surgical Excision in the Management of Extramammary Paget Disease ... Oncologic Outcomes of a Novel Mapping Biopsy Technique Before Surgical Excision in the Management of Extramammary Paget Disease ... patients with extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) undergoing a. novel mapping biopsy before tumor excision (WLE).. Methods We ...
Extramammary Pagets Disease. Asel M, LeBoeuf NR. Asel M, et al. Among authors: leboeuf nr. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019 ... Consensus disease definitions for neurologic immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Guidon AC, Burton ...
Extramammary Pagets disease: Harbinger of internal malignancy. Article. *May 2022. *. Emily Kozera ... Hidradenitis suppurativa is a complex inflammatory skin disease with the molecular pathogenesis of disease incompletely ... possibly due to the natural variability of the disease. No quantification of variability in lesion counts of untreated disease ... Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with a predilection for women. The role of sex ...
I also have extensive experience treating extramammary Paget disease and cutaneous penile carcinoma. ... using teledermatology to help ease the burden of skin diseases in those countries. ...
Extramammary Pagets disease: what do we know and how do we treat?. Can J Urol. 2019 Dec.26(6):10012-10021. Pubmedid: 31860417 ... Patient and disease-specific factors and their influence on urinary reconstruction choice at a referral center. World J Urol. ... Evaluation, diagnosis and surveillance of renal masses in the setting of VHL disease. World J Urol. 2021 Jul.39(7):2409-2415. ... Spiess P, Leibovici D, Pisters L. Surgery for locally advanced disease. Curr Urol Rep. 2006 May.7(3):209-216. Pubmedid: ...
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN COMBINATION WITH TOPICAL IMIQUIMOD AND CRYOSURGERY FOR EXTRAMAMMARY PAGETS DISEASE. ... A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF OUTCOME REPORTING IN LASER TREATMENTS FOR DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES. ...
Extramammary Paget disease. *Vulvodynia - No definitive lesion present but pain elicited using a cotton-tipped applicator. ... Plasma cell vulvitis, or Zoon disease, refers to an extremely rare skin condition where, secondary to inflammation, the vulva ...
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD). *Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Treatment of these rare tumours are guided by ... Due to widespread disease, these patients are often not candidates for curative treatment, partly due to the highly invasive ... The rarity of this disease coupled with heterogeneity of subtype has led to a unifying consensus that sarcomas are best managed ... Cytoreductive surgery has been shown to be an effective treatment strategy to reduce disease burden.2-3 In SPRinT, patients ...
Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepidermal adenocarcinoma. The common sites of EMPD involvement are the ... The expression of HER-2 in extramammary Paget's disease. Shinichi Masuguchi, Masatoshi Jinnin, Satoshi Fukushima, ... The observed overexpression of HER-2 in EMPD presents a potential therapeutic target for adjuvant treatment of this disease. ... Pleural tuberculosis is an extra-pulmonary disease which poses a diagnostic dilemma. The detection of mycobacterial DNA by ...
MAMMARY PAGET DISEASE ICD-10: C50.01 * EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET DISEASE ICD-10: L87.9 ...
Paget disease of the Vulva(TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 715 ... Paget disease of the nipple (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 746 ... Disease of women in active reproductive life; causes infertility, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain. Endometrial glands and stroma ...
Novel ex vivo disease model for extramammary Pagets disease using the cancer tissue-originated spheroid method. J Dermatol Sci ... cultured spheroids of primary cancer cells from patient specimens for extramammary Pagets disease, for which cell lines have ... and attempted to create a more useful in vitro disease model. In addition, in order to verify the practicality of this model, ... is an important early event during EMT and is considered to be a prerequisite for cancer to progress to metastatic disease [47 ...
Walts AE, Bose S. Bd ProEx C immunostaining in extramammary pagets disease and perineal melanoma. Mod Pathol. 2009;22(2):246- ... Walts and Bose proved positive staining (,50%) for ProEx C in Paget cells, in all cases of Pagets disease irrespective of ... 9. Siddiqui MT, Cohen C, Nassar A. Detecting high-grade cervical disease on ASC-H cytology: role of BD ProEx C and Digene ... Molecular diagnostic assays for cervical neoplasia: emerging markers for the detection of high-grade cervical disease. ...
... and extramammary Pagets disease), including duplicates. ‡Treated within 5 years. ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for ...
Bowen disease pathology, SCCIS pathology. Authoritative facts from DermNet New Zealand. ... Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is helpful in the distinction of extra-mammary Pagets disease from ... CFTR positivity has also been suggested to support the diagnosis of extramammary Pagets disease. ... Pigmented SCCIS, Melanophages, Pagetoid SCCIS, Clear cell SCCIS, Paget disease, Bowenoid papulosis, Clonal seborrhoeic ...
Paget disease is a rare complication of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (and less frequently extramammary sites). The ... Most common cause of breast lump? fibrocystic changes, 2nd most common is no disease. Most common cause of bloody discharge ... Post-menopausal women most likely to die from? cardiovascular disease. Most common STD worldwide? Chlamydia trachomatis. The ...
RANKL-expressing extopic extramammary Pagets disease on the lower abdomen. Case Rep Dermatol 8: 130-135, 2016. ... Possible mechanisms of the crosstalk between Langerhans cells and regulatory T-cells in extramammary Pagets disease by ... which recruits Tregs into the lesional skin of patients with extramammary Pagets disease (EMPD) (11, 17). Accordingly, ... The possible interaction between receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expressed by extramammary Paget ...
  • Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare and slow-growing malignancy which occurs within the epithelium and accounts for 6.5% of all Paget's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • EMPD occurs due to an invasion of the epidermis by Paget cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the rarity of EMPD and lack of clinical knowledge, the disease is not very commonly diagnosed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Paget cells contain mucin and cytokeratins which can be used in the diagnosis of EMPD [8] MUC5A2 is found in EMPD of the vulvar and male genitalia regions whereas MUC2 is expressed in perianal EMPD. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is morphologically and histologically identical to mammary Paget disease (PD) of the nipple, the primary difference being the anatomic location. (medscape.com)
  • The precise pathogenesis of extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is unclear. (medscape.com)
  • Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial neoplasm that occurs in apocrine-bearing areas of skin. (karger.com)
  • Primary Extra-mammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a very rare cutaneous adenocarcinoma affecting anogenital or axillary regions. (carislifesciences.com)
  • Eighteen EMPD (13 vulvar and five scrotal) and ten mammary Paget's disease (MPD) cases were comprehensively profiled for gene mutations, fusions and copy number alterations, and for therapy-relevant protein biomarkers). (carislifesciences.com)
  • Objective To analyze oncologic outcomes of patients with extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) undergoing a novel mapping biopsy before tumor excision (WLE). (siuj.org)
  • Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepidermal adenocarcinoma. (go.jp)
  • The observed overexpression of HER-2 in EMPD presents a potential therapeutic target for adjuvant treatment of this disease. (go.jp)
  • As we previously reported, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand (RANKL)/RANK signaling on M2 macrophages promotes the production of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines to maintain the immunosuppressive tumor environment of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). (iiarjournals.org)
  • For example, Paget's cells release soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (sRANKL) into the tumor microenvironment, stimulating RANK + TAMs to produce CCL17, which recruits Tregs into the lesional skin of patients with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) ( 11 , 17 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous carcinoma usually presenting as a genital erythematous lesion in the elderly. (vgrd.org)
  • Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is clinically and histologically identical to mammary Paget disease of the nipple, however, important differences must be noted. (surgpath4u.com)
  • Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) on the other hand is a rare adenocarcinoma of the skin and should be treated accordingly. (jcimcr.org)
  • Introduction Foods for Extramammary Paget Disease should be personalized for each individual and also must adapt when cancer treatment or tumor genetic change. (addon.life)
  • Our team of cutaneous oncology experts also evaluates and manages patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, adnexal carcinomas, extramammary Paget's disease, and other rare cutaneous malignancies. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Treatment of extramammary Paget disease may also involve ablation of overlying cutaneous involvement by using topical therapies (eg, topical 5- fluorouracil , imiquimod , photodynamic therapy), radiation therapy, surgery, or CO2 laser ablation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For instance, genital disease is associated with carcinoma in about 4-7% of patients. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] Perianal disease is associated with underlying colorectal carcinoma in 25-35% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Because cytology alone is not highly sensitive for detection of low grade urothelial carcinoma and recurrence of the disease, several adjunct markers and urine based tests for urothelial carcinoma have been developed, which can help in the final diagnosis. (medsci.org)
  • Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is helpful in the distinction of extra-mammary Paget's disease from squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease). (dermnetnz.org)
  • Paget disease is a rare complication of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (and less frequently extramammary sites). (proprofs.com)
  • Paget disease is a rare type of carcinoma that appears as a unilateral eczematous to psoriasiform plaque of the nipple and areola. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mammary Paget disease is the colonization of the epidermis by an underlying ductal carcinoma of the breast i.e. a secondary process. (surgpath4u.com)
  • In contrast to mammary Paget disease where it is a secondary disease process (colonization of the epidermis by an underlying ductal carcinoma of the breast). (surgpath4u.com)
  • Mammary Paget's Disease (MPD) is defined as an in situ carcinoma of the nipple and areola. (jcimcr.org)
  • Diagnosis of subclinical extramammary Paget's disease with a combination of noninvasive photodynamic diagnosis and reflectance confocal microscopy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare skin malignancy , and its diagnosis requires invasive biopsy and histopathological examination. (bvsalud.org)
  • We present a case in which we used photodynamic diagnosis in combination with reflectance confocal microscopy before surgery to detect an extramammary Paget's disease lesion that was located 3 cm away from the classical lesion. (bvsalud.org)
  • The findings of our case demonstrate that photodynamic diagnosis combined with reflectance confocal microscopy can be used for the noninvasive diagnosis of subclinical extramammary Paget's disease and may be used to guide strategies for planning treatment and preventing relapse . (bvsalud.org)
  • CFTR positivity has also been suggested to support the diagnosis of extramammary Paget's disease. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Pathogenesis and diagnosis of extramammary Paget disease is discussed, with differential diagnosis and reference to immunohistochemical methods. (vgrd.org)
  • In Paget disease of the nipple, metastatic disease is often present at the time of the diagnosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The results of a multiorgan workup performed at the time of diagnosis were predictive of which patients in this cohort manifested multisystem disease. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • As with other cancers, once the diagnosis of Paget disease of the breast is confirmed, doctors do an examination and tests to see whether the cancer has spread. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Key entities on the differential diagnosis include melanoma in situ (use melanocyte markers), and Bowen disease (positive for AE1:AE3). (surgpath4u.com)
  • In eczematous lesions not responding to topical treatment, a biopsy is needed for further diagnosis and to exclude Paget's disease. (jcimcr.org)
  • Simple Summary Extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva (EMPDV) is a rare disease. (univpm.it)
  • The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of concomitant vulvar cancers or premalignant lesions in women surgically treated for extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva (EMPDV) through a multicenter case series. (univpm.it)
  • The clinical presentation of this disease is similar to the characteristics of mammary Paget's disease (MPD). (wikipedia.org)
  • The 63-year-old enjoyed a relatively clean bill of health until 2018, when he was diagnosed and treated for a rare condition - Extra-Mammary Paget's disease, which required an operation to remove part of his large intestine during which doctors discovered a growth. (stv.tv)
  • Lloyd J, Flanagan AM. Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease. (surgpath4u.com)
  • We present a case of Paget's disease located in the inframammary fold without any relation to the nipple or mammary glandular tissue. (jcimcr.org)
  • After a 12-month postoperative period, the patient is still on follow-up with no disease recurrence. (karger.com)
  • Cytoreductive surgery has been shown to be an effective treatment strategy to reduce disease burden.2-3 In SPRinT, patients have the option of having hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the same setting as cytoreductive surgery to delay tumour recurrence in the peritoneum. (singhealth.com.sg)
  • Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease of which the pathogenesis is incompletely understood. (researchgate.net)
  • Paget disease of the nipple also occurs at other sites, most often in the groin or perianal area (extramammary Paget disease). (msdmanuals.com)
  • From these pathological findings, we concluded that the disease was an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma, possibly derived from multipotential cells in squamous epithelium of ovarian mature cystic teratoma. (nih.gov)
  • Extramammary Paget disease of the vulva was found in association with vulval adenocarcinoma in an elderly woman who also had a uterine prolapse. (vgrd.org)
  • Extramammary Paget disease is a rare adenocarcinoma that can either arise from apocrine glands of the skin or extend from a cancer in the bladder, anus, or rectum. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Metastasis of Paget cells from the epidermis to distant regions is a multistep process that involves: Invasion of local lymph nodes and venous system Movement out from lymph nodes and venous system Proliferation at new site Protein molecules HER2 and mTOR expressed in Paget cells are responsible for providing characteristics of proliferation and survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microscopic observation revealed a lesion of Paget's disease within the squamous epithelium. (nih.gov)
  • This secondary lesion exhibited a subclinical presentation, and it was eventually confirmed as an extramammary Paget's disease lesion by pathological examination. (bvsalud.org)
  • During detection using our technique , we delineated the boundaries of the extramammary Paget's disease lesion as a guide for surgical excision. (bvsalud.org)
  • Skin lesion morphologic traits did not correlate with extent of extracutaneous disease. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Vulvar Paget disease may appear as a dermatitis (eczema, psoriasis), lichen sclerosis, thus, there may be a delay in biopsying and treating the lesion. (surgpath4u.com)
  • The disease can be classified as being either primary or secondary depending on the presence or absence of associated malignancies. (wikipedia.org)
  • One must also look for secondary involvement from adjacent malignancies (secondary extramammary Paget disease). (surgpath4u.com)
  • Skin biopsy showed presence of Paget's Disease. (jcimcr.org)
  • Pathology review of the skin biopsy at our center confirmed presence of Paget's disease, additional imaging excluded intramammary lesions. (jcimcr.org)
  • The disease is categorized by its origins into two forms: primary and secondary. (karger.com)
  • Plasma cell vulvitis, or Zoon disease, refers to an extremely rare skin condition where, secondary to inflammation, the vulva becomes irritated, leading to patient complaints of itching and discomfort. (logicalimages.com)
  • PD of the nipple was first described by Sir James Paget in 1874. (medscape.com)
  • Paget disease of the nipple should not be confused with the metabolic bone disease that is also called Paget disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Paget disease of the breast occurs mainly on the nipple and results from a cancer of the breast milk ducts that has spread to the skin of the nipple. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lloyd J, Evans DJ, Flanagan AM. Extension of extramammary Paget disease of the vulva to the cervix. (vgrd.org)
  • However, a subsequent hysterectomy with repair of the prolapse revealed extramammary Paget disease in the upper vaginal mucosa and cervix, a finding which is very rarely described. (vgrd.org)
  • A 47-year-old woman with genital lesions was found to have extramammary paget's disease. (vgrd.org)
  • The proliferative neoplastic cells are Paget cells, which have abundant pale cytoplasm and large pleomorphic nuclei. (medscape.com)
  • The vulvar squamous epithlium contains large cells with pale blue cytoplasm consistent with extramammary Paget disease. (surgpath4u.com)
  • Vulvar Paget's disease affect women and presents as erythematous (red), eczematous lesions. (wikipedia.org)
  • OBJECTIVES: To describe the morphologic characteristics of skin lesions, extent of extracutaneous disease, and outcomes in patients with neonatal presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to examine clinical predictors of disease prognosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Vesiculopustular lesions are common in congenital/neonatal LCH, but the morphologic characteristics of lesions are not helpful in predicting the extent of disease. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Pathology showed M. Paget but the results were not discussed with the patient. (jcimcr.org)
  • Primary excision of both the intraepithelial and invasive disease appeared complete. (vgrd.org)
  • [ 3 ] It has more recently been suggested that Toker cells may be benign precursors of Paget cells. (medscape.com)
  • Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare malignancy of the skin. (jcimcr.org)
  • DIRECT EXTENSION Paget disease and extramammary Paget disease. (mhmedical.com)
  • The association with thyroid disease in the proband was explained partially by the involvement of the pituitary, with the relative risk decreasing when patients with diabetes insipidus and thyroid involvement were excluded from analysis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Thirteen of the 76 patients (17%) developed systemic metastases and 10 of these died of disease. (vgrd.org)
  • One third of patients had disease limited to the skin and/or mucous membranes. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Twelve of the 19 patients had multisystem disease, and 2 died of disease. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Paget disease is a common disorder in middle-aged and elderly patients that is characterized by excessive and abnormal remodeling of bone. (medscape.com)
  • However, inpatient rehabilitation may be appropriate for patients with Paget disease who have become deconditioned and are unable to be independent or care for themselves at home. (medscape.com)
  • Physical therapy (PT) can play an important role in the treatment process and rehabilitation of patients with Paget disease by helping to maintain or improve muscle strength, maintain joint range of motion (ROM) and flexibility, increase endurance, and avoid deconditioning. (medscape.com)
  • Occupational therapy (OT) may be indicated for patients with Paget disease who need training in activities of daily living (ADLs), especially those who undergo surgery for various pagetic-related conditions. (medscape.com)
  • Bowenoid papulosis: This entity may well represent Bowen disease on the genitalia , and is typically histologically indistinguishable. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Paget disease: The changes can mimic the pagetoid variant of SCCIS. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Immunohistochemical study revealed that the tissue was positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), but negative for gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15), CDX2, and PAX8. (karger.com)
  • Sometimes Paget disease of the breast develops in areas other than the breast (called extramammary Paget disease). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Biopsies of the skin were subsequently done which confirmed extramammary paget's disease. (vgrd.org)
  • Because the disease usually extends beyond its visible margins, treatment includes wide and deep surgical resection comprising all the skin appendages. (surgpath4u.com)
  • For extramammary Paget disease, treatment is with surgery or topical, radiation, or laser therapy. (msdmanuals.com)