INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.
A form of PERITONITIS seen in patients with TUBERCULOSIS, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. Most patients have ASCITES, abdominal swelling, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and other systemic symptoms such as FEVER; WEIGHT LOSS; and ANEMIA.
Portable peritoneal dialysis using the continuous (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) presence of peritoneal dialysis solution in the peritoneal cavity except for periods of drainage and instillation of fresh solution.
Dialysis fluid being introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity as either a continuous or an intermittent procedure.
A membrane of squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS, the mesothelial cells, covered by apical MICROVILLI that allow rapid absorption of fluid and particles in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. The peritoneum is divided into parietal and visceral components. The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the ABDOMINAL WALL. The visceral peritoneum covers the intraperitoneal organs. The double-layered peritoneum forms the MESENTERY that suspends these organs from the abdominal wall.
Catheters designed to be left within an organ or passage for an extended period of time.
The serous fluid of ASCITES, the accumulation of fluids in the PERITONEAL CAVITY.
Solutions prepared for exchange across a semipermeable membrane of solutes below a molecular size determined by the cutoff threshold of the membrane material.
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.
Washing out of the peritoneal cavity. The procedure is a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic technique following abdominal trauma or inflammation.
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.
A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.
The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the STOMACH. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of Winslow, or epiploic foramen.
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.
Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.
Inflammation of the COLONIC DIVERTICULA, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.
A procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from a body cavity or organ via a trocar and cannula, needle, or other hollow instrument.
Organic esters of thioglycolic acid (HS-CH2COOH).
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.
A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination.
Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.
The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.
Removal of an implanted therapeutic or prosthetic device.
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.
A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.
A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of COLONIC DIVERTICULA in the COLON. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including colon aging, motor dysfunction, increases in intraluminal pressure, and lack of dietary fibers.
Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound.
The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.
Presence of milky lymph (CHYLE) in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, with or without infection.
Accumulation of serous fluid between the layers of membrane (tunica vaginalis) covering the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.
A white threadlike worm which causes elephantiasis, lymphangitis, and chyluria by interfering with the lymphatic circulation. The microfilaria are found in the circulating blood and are carried by mosquitoes.
Hypertrophy and thickening of tissues from causes other than filarial infection, the latter being described as ELEPHANTIASIS, FILARIAL.
A species of parasitic nematode causing Malayan filariasis and having a distribution centering roughly on the Malay peninsula. The life cycle of B. malayi is similar to that of WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI, except that in most areas the principal mosquito vectors belong to the genus Mansonia.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.

Tuberculous peritonitis. (1/92)

Although the general incidence of peritonitis has declined considerably with improvement in connectology, tuberculous peritonitis is still a major problem in patients who are from endemic regions and who belong to high-risk groups. The problem stems mainly from less sensitive diagnostic tools. Confirmation of tuberculous peritonitis is based on mycobacterial culture of the peritoneal fluid, which takes a few weeks. For patients in whom tuberculous peritonitis cannot be confirmed, therapeutic trial has been recommended. Treatment of tuberculous peritonitis consists in removing the peritoneal catheter and initiating antituberculosis medications, though the dosage and duration of antituberculosis medication are not yet well defined. Early initiation of antituberculosis medication has been shown to preserve good ultrafiltration and solute clearance by the peritoneal membrane.  (+info)

Peritoneal tuberculosis: diagnostic options. (2/92)

BACKGROUND: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis has vague symptoms and few signs. It is essential to recognize and diagnose this curable disease prior to performing definitive surgery. Newer tests such as DNA or RNA amplification allow for early diagnosis but have limitations. CASE: We report a case of peritoneal tuberculosis in an immigrant woman. She had vague symptoms of low-grade fever, mild abdominal pain, obstipation, and bloating. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to establish the diagnosis. Tuberculosis was confirmed by DNA extraction from the frozen section specimen with subsequent analysis using polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal tuberculosis is a disease that often simulates malignancies. With the increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in developed countries, tuberculosis is also on the rise and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with an abdominal/pelvic mass and ascites.  (+info)

Tuberculous peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: case report and review. (3/92)

A case of tuberculous peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in a 37-year-old man who presented with fever, abdominal pain, and a malfunctioning Tenckhoff catheter is reported. The patient was initially treated for presumed bacterial peritonitis but remained febrile and had persistent abdominal pain and peritoneal fluid pleocytosis, despite broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in a culture of peritoneal fluid, and the patient responded promptly to antituberculous therapy. More than 50 cases of tuberculous peritonitis complicating CAPD that have been reported in the English-language literature since the initial case was reported in 1980 are reviewed. The most common symptoms are fever (78%), abdominal pain (92%), and cloudy dialysate (90%); 76% of cases had a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells in peritoneal fluid. A smear for acid-fast bacilli or a culture was positive in 73% of cases. The peritoneal dialysis catheter was removed in 53% of cases, although this was rarely considered necessary for cure of tuberculosis. The attributable mortality rate is 15%, with the most significant factor being treatment delay (mean time from presentation to initiation of treatment, 6.74 weeks). We conclude that tuberculosis is an important diagnostic consideration for CAPD patients with peritonitis that is refractory to broad-spectrum antibiotics.  (+info)

Hypercalcaemic crisis as the presenting manifestation of abdominal tuberculosis: a case report. (4/92)

This report deals with a young man having prolonged fever presenting with hypercalcaemic crisis. Subsequent investigations confirmed tuberculosis (TB) peritonitis in the absence of pulmonary involvement as the cause of his symptoms. His hypercalcaemia and fever resolved with anti-TB therapy. Abdominal TB needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of otherwise unexplained hypercalcaemia especially in our region where TB is an endemic problem and is treatable.  (+info)

Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis by transabdominal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. (5/92)

Laparotomy and laparoscopy have been used for biopsy of pelvic masses in the differential diagnosis between abdominal tuberculosis and ovarian cancer. We suggest the use of transabdominal needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance in such cases. Two women developed abdominal distention, one of whom had been receiving medical treatment for known tuberculosis. In both cases, ultrasonography showed a pelvic mass and ascites associated with high levels of CA 125. A transabdominal ultrasonographically-guided biopsy of the masses with a trucut needle established their tuberculous origin. The transabdominal sonographic needle biopsy is a reliable diagnostic procedure in the differential diagnosis between abdominal tuberculosis and ovarian malignancy. This minimally invasive procedure saves the patient with tuberculosis from unnecessary laparotomy.  (+info)

Peritoneal tuberculosis in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. (6/92)

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic renal failure have an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). This occurs with much higher frequency within the first 12 months of initiating dialysis and is usually extrapulmonary in nature. Patients most at risk are those from susceptible ethnic groups, especially the Indian subcontinent. Peritoneal TB, otherwise relatively uncommon, has emerged as an important form of TB in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). METHODS: All cases of peritoneal TB occurring at our institution in patients undergoing CAPD over a 13 year period were identified and analysed. RESULTS: Eight cases were identified, of which seven were non-Caucasian. These patients' characteristics and outcomes are presented. All were undergoing CAPD and most developed TB within 12 months of initiating dialysis. All presented with fever, but symptoms and signs were indistinguishable from bacterial peritonitis. Six were culture-positive, mainly from peritoneal dialysis fluid, but only two cases proved smear-positive. All were treated with standard anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Three went on to permanent haemodialysis as a result of peritonitis and three have died, one of these as a result of TB. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal TB, whilst otherwise relatively uncommon, is an important manifestation of TB in CAPD patients and usually develops soon after commencing dialysis. The reasons for this are unknown and require further research.  (+info)

Computerized tomography findings of abdominal tuberculosis: report of 19 cases. (7/92)

BACKGROUND: Abdominal tuberculosis usually presents with general symptoms and obscure abdominal complaints for which computerized tomography is often the first imaging study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the CT findings of abdominal tuberculosis. METHODS: The CT scans of 19 patients (10 men and 9 women aged 20-85 years) with proven abdominal tuberculosis were retrospectively reviewed to define the location and extent of the disease. The patients were referred for the study mainly with general systemic symptoms. Additional abdominal complaints were present in four, including acute abdomen in one. Two had symptoms deriving from the urinary tract. Nine patients had recently arrived from high prevalence countries; five of them and two others were positive for human immunodeficiency virus. Three patients had a family history of tuberculosis; one had previously been treated for tuberculosis and four others had an underlying chronic disease. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was established by standard microbiological and histological techniques. RESULTS: We divided the disease manifestations into intraperitoneal (n = 13) and genitourinary involvement (n = 6). Peritoneal tuberculosis was fairly common, characterized by ascites, omental and mesenteric infiltration, and smooth thickening of the parietal peritoneum. One oncology patient had a false positive Tc-99m CEA isotope scanning, suggesting tumor recurrence. Genitourinary disease manifested mainly as hydronephrosis and calcifications. Three patients had pulmonary tuberculosis as well. CONCLUSION: The CT findings of abdominal tuberculosis may mimic various diseases, mainly diffuse peritoneal malignancy. We emphasize the need to consider tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis in patients with obscure abdominal symptoms, especially with multi-organ involvement. A high degree of clinical suspicion and familiarity with the abdominal CT manifestations allow early diagnosis of this treatable disease.  (+info)

Mycobacterium bovis peritonitis mimicking ovarian cancer in a young woman. (8/92)

We describe a 27-year-old woman with peritonitis due to Mycobacterium bovis that initially appeared to be ovarian cancer. Clinicians should include this disease in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer and should consider laparoscopic diagnosis in the appropriate epidemiologic setting.  (+info)

Peritonitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the serous membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. The peritoneum has an important role in protecting the abdominal organs and providing a smooth surface for them to move against each other.

Peritonitis can occur as a result of bacterial or fungal infection, chemical irritation, or trauma to the abdomen. The most common cause of peritonitis is a rupture or perforation of an organ in the abdominal cavity, such as the appendix, stomach, or intestines, which allows bacteria from the gut to enter the peritoneal cavity.

Symptoms of peritonitis may include abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and decreased bowel movements. In severe cases, peritonitis can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition characterized by widespread inflammation throughout the body.

Treatment for peritonitis typically involves antibiotics to treat the infection, as well as surgical intervention to repair any damage to the abdominal organs and remove any infected fluid or tissue from the peritoneal cavity. In some cases, a temporary or permanent drain may be placed in the abdomen to help remove excess fluid and promote healing.

Tuberculous peritonitis is a specific type of peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs) that is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. This form of peritonitis is less common than peritonitis caused by other types of bacteria, but it can occur in people with weakened immune systems or those who have been in close contact with individuals with active TB.

The symptoms of tuberculous peritonitis may include abdominal pain and distension, fever, weight loss, decreased appetite, and ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity). Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as cultures or nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) to detect the presence of M. tuberculosis in the peritoneal fluid or tissue. Treatment usually involves a prolonged course of multiple antibiotics that are active against M. tuberculosis, along with supportive care to manage any complications or symptoms.

Peritoneal dialysis, continuous ambulatory (CAPD), is a type of renal replacement therapy used to treat patients with end-stage kidney disease. It is a form of peritoneal dialysis that is performed continuously, without the need for machines or hospitalization. CAPD uses the patient's own peritoneum, a thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, as a natural filter to remove waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream.

In CAPD, a sterile dialysis solution is introduced into the peritoneal cavity through a permanent catheter implanted in the patient's abdomen. The solution remains in the peritoneal cavity for a dwell time of several hours, during which diffusion occurs across the peritoneal membrane, allowing waste products and excess fluids to move from the bloodstream into the dialysis solution.

After the dwell time, the used dialysis solution is drained from the peritoneal cavity and discarded, and a fresh batch of dialysis solution is introduced. This process is typically repeated four to five times a day, with each exchange taking about 30 minutes to complete. Patients can perform CAPD exchanges while going about their daily activities, making it a convenient and flexible treatment option for many patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Overall, CAPD is a highly effective form of dialysis that offers several advantages over other types of renal replacement therapy, including improved quality of life, better preservation of residual kidney function, and lower costs. However, it does require careful attention to sterile technique and regular monitoring to ensure proper functioning of the peritoneal membrane and adequate clearance of waste products and fluids.

Peritoneal dialysis is a type of renal replacement therapy used to treat patients with severe kidney dysfunction or end-stage renal disease. It is a process that utilizes the peritoneum, a membranous sac lining the abdominal cavity, as a natural semipermeable membrane for filtering waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the bloodstream.

In peritoneal dialysis, a sterile dialysate solution is infused into the peritoneal cavity via a permanently implanted catheter. The dialysate contains various substances such as glucose or other osmotic agents, electrolytes, and buffer solutions that facilitate the diffusion of waste products and fluids from the blood vessels surrounding the peritoneum into the dialysate.

There are two primary types of peritoneal dialysis: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). CAPD is performed manually, several times a day, while APD is carried out using a cycler machine overnight.

Peritoneal dialysis offers certain advantages over hemodialysis, such as better preservation of residual renal function, fewer dietary restrictions, and greater flexibility in scheduling treatments. However, it also has potential complications, including peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum), catheter-related infections, fluid imbalances, and membrane failure over time.

The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. It is composed of a mesothelial cell monolayer supported by a thin, loose connective tissue. The peritoneum has two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs.

The potential space between these two layers is called the peritoneal cavity, which contains a small amount of serous fluid that allows for the smooth movement of the organs within the cavity. The peritoneum plays an important role in the absorption and secretion of fluids and electrolytes, as well as providing a surface for the circulation of immune cells.

In addition, it also provides a route for the spread of infection or malignant cells throughout the abdominal cavity, known as peritonitis. The peritoneum is highly vascularized and innervated, making it sensitive to pain and distention.

Indwelling catheters, also known as Foley catheters, are medical devices that are inserted into the bladder to drain urine. They have a small balloon at the tip that is inflated with water once the catheter is in the correct position in the bladder, allowing it to remain in place and continuously drain urine. Indwelling catheters are typically used for patients who are unable to empty their bladders on their own, such as those who are bedridden or have nerve damage that affects bladder function. They are also used during and after certain surgical procedures. Prolonged use of indwelling catheters can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and other complications.

Ascitic fluid is defined as the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the two layers of the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. This buildup of fluid, also known as ascites, can be caused by various medical conditions such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, or infection. The fluid itself is typically straw-colored and clear, but it may also contain cells, proteins, and other substances depending on the underlying cause. Analysis of ascitic fluid can help doctors diagnose and manage the underlying condition causing the accumulation of fluid.

Dialysis solutions are fluids that are used during the process of dialysis, which is a treatment for patients with kidney failure. The main function of these solutions is to help remove waste products and excess fluid from the bloodstream, as the kidneys are no longer able to do so effectively.

The dialysis solution typically contains a mixture of water, electrolytes (such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate), and a small amount of glucose. The composition of the solution may vary depending on the individual patient's needs, but it is carefully controlled to match the patient's blood as closely as possible.

During dialysis, the patient's blood is circulated through a special filter called a dialyzer, which separates waste products and excess fluids from the blood. The used dialysis solution, which contains these waste products and excess fluids, is then discarded. Fresh dialysis solution is continuously introduced into the dialyzer to replace the used solution, creating a continuous flow of fluid that helps remove waste products and maintain the proper balance of electrolytes in the patient's blood.

Overall, dialysis solutions play a critical role in helping patients with kidney failure maintain their health and quality of life.

Ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within it. This buildup of fluid can cause the belly to swell and become distended. Ascites can be caused by various medical conditions, including liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, and kidney disease. The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity can lead to complications such as infection, reduced mobility, and difficulty breathing. Treatment for ascites depends on the underlying cause and may include diuretics, paracentesis (a procedure to remove excess fluid from the abdomen), or treatment of the underlying medical condition.

Bacterial infections are caused by the invasion and multiplication of bacteria in or on tissues of the body. These infections can range from mild, like a common cold, to severe, such as pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis. The symptoms of a bacterial infection depend on the type of bacteria invading the body and the area of the body that is affected.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can live in many different environments, including in the human body. While some bacteria are beneficial to humans and help with digestion or protect against harmful pathogens, others can cause illness and disease. When bacteria invade the body, they can release toxins and other harmful substances that damage tissues and trigger an immune response.

Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, which work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. However, it is important to note that misuse or overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, making treatment more difficult. It is also essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure that all bacteria are eliminated and reduce the risk of recurrence or development of antibiotic resistance.

Peritoneal lavage is a medical procedure where a sterile fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within it. The fluid is then allowed to mix with any potentially present infectious or inflammatory material in the cavity. Afterward, the fluid is drained out and sent for laboratory analysis to diagnose various conditions such as bacterial peritonitis or other sources of abdominal infection or inflammation.

The procedure can help identify the presence of infection, determine the type of bacteria causing it, and guide appropriate antibiotic therapy. It is an invasive diagnostic test that requires careful monitoring and proper aseptic technique to avoid complications such as infection or bleeding.

Intestinal perforation is a medical condition that refers to a hole or tear in the lining of the intestine. This can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine, large intestine (colon), or stomach. Intestinal perforation allows the contents of the intestines, such as digestive enzymes and bacteria, to leak into the abdominal cavity, which can lead to a serious inflammatory response known as peritonitis.

Intestinal perforation can be caused by various factors, including:

* Mechanical trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stab wounds)
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
* Diverticulitis
* Appendicitis
* Intestinal obstruction
* Infections (e.g., typhoid fever, tuberculosis)
* Certain medications (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids)
* Radiation therapy
* Ischemic bowel disease (lack of blood flow to the intestines)

Symptoms of intestinal perforation may include sudden abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and decreased bowel movements. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the perforation and remove any damaged tissue. Antibiotics are also administered to prevent infection. In severe cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary.

Chronic kidney failure, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a permanent loss of kidney function that occurs gradually over a period of months to years. It is defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 ml/min, which means the kidneys are filtering waste and excess fluids at less than 15% of their normal capacity.

CKD can be caused by various underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections. Over time, the damage to the kidneys can lead to a buildup of waste products and fluids in the body, which can cause a range of symptoms including fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and confusion.

Treatment for chronic kidney failure typically involves managing the underlying condition, making lifestyle changes such as following a healthy diet, and receiving supportive care such as dialysis or a kidney transplant to replace lost kidney function.

Cefazolin is a type of antibiotic known as a cephalosporin, which is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by interfering with the bacteria's ability to form a cell wall, which is necessary for its survival. Without a functional cell wall, the bacteria are not able to grow and multiply, and are eventually destroyed by the body's immune system.

Cefazolin is commonly used to treat infections of the skin, bones, joints, heart, lungs, and urinary tract. It may also be used to prevent infection during surgery. Like all antibiotics, cefazolin is only effective against certain types of bacteria, so it is important to know the specific type of bacteria causing an infection before using this medication.

Cefazolin is usually given as an injection into a vein or muscle, and may be administered in a hospital setting or at home with proper training. The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the patient's overall health status.

As with any medication, cefazolin can cause side effects, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, and rash. In rare cases, it may also cause serious side effects such as allergic reactions, kidney damage, or abnormal blood clotting. It is important to report any unusual symptoms to a healthcare provider promptly.

It is essential to complete the full course of treatment with cefazolin, even if symptoms improve, to ensure that the infection is fully treated and to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.

The peritoneal cavity is the potential space within the abdominal and pelvic regions, bounded by the parietal peritoneum lining the inner aspect of the abdominal and pelvic walls, and the visceral peritoneum covering the abdominal and pelvic organs. It contains a small amount of serous fluid that allows for the gliding of organs against each other during normal physiological activities such as digestion and movement. This cavity can become pathologically involved in various conditions, including inflammation, infection, hemorrhage, or neoplasia, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, distention, or tenderness.

Gram-positive bacterial infections refer to illnesses or diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, which are a group of bacteria that turn purple when stained using the Gram stain method. This staining technique is used in microbiology to differentiate between two main types of bacteria based on their cell wall composition.

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining process. Some common examples of Gram-positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis.

Gram-positive bacterial infections can range from mild skin infections to severe and life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The symptoms of these infections depend on the type of bacteria involved and the location of the infection in the body. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against Gram-positive bacteria, such as penicillin, vancomycin, or clindamycin. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-positive bacteria is a growing concern and can complicate treatment in some cases.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.

Gram-negative bacterial infections refer to illnesses or diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria, which are a group of bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye during the Gram staining procedure used in microbiology. This characteristic is due to the structure of their cell walls, which contain a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), proteins, and phospholipids.

The LPS component of the outer membrane is responsible for the endotoxic properties of Gram-negative bacteria, which can lead to severe inflammatory responses in the host. Common Gram-negative bacterial pathogens include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus mirabilis, among others.

Gram-negative bacterial infections can cause a wide range of clinical syndromes, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and soft tissue infections. The severity of these infections can vary from mild to life-threatening, depending on the patient's immune status, the site of infection, and the virulence of the bacterial strain.

Effective antibiotic therapy is crucial for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections, but the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains has become a significant global health concern. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial stewardship are essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes and prevent further spread of resistance.

A laparotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity. This procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions such as abdominal trauma, tumors, infections, or inflammatory diseases. The size of the incision can vary depending on the reason for the surgery and the extent of the condition being treated. Once the procedure is complete, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.

The term "laparotomy" comes from the Greek words "lapara," which means "flank" or "side," and "tome," which means "to cut." Together, they describe the surgical procedure that involves cutting into the abdomen to examine its contents.

Sclerosis is a medical term that refers to the abnormal hardening or scarring of body tissues, particularly in the context of various degenerative diseases affecting the nervous system. The term "sclerosis" comes from the Greek word "skleros," which means hard. In these conditions, the normally flexible and adaptable nerve cells or their protective coverings (myelin sheath) become rigid and inflexible due to the buildup of scar tissue or abnormal protein deposits.

There are several types of sclerosis, but one of the most well-known is multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, leading to scarring and damage that disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body. This results in a wide range of symptoms, such as muscle weakness, numbness, vision problems, balance issues, and cognitive impairment.

Other conditions that involve sclerosis include:

1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, stiffness, and atrophy.
2. Systemic sclerosis: A rare autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin and internal organs due to excessive collagen deposition.
3. Plaque psoriasis: A chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by red, scaly patches (plaques) resulting from rapid turnover and accumulation of skin cells.
4. Adhesive capsulitis: Also known as frozen shoulder, this condition involves stiffening and thickening of the shoulder joint's capsule due to scarring or inflammation, leading to limited mobility and pain.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs. It is characterized by a whole-body inflammatory state (systemic inflammation) that can lead to blood clotting issues, tissue damage, and multiple organ failure.

Sepsis happens when an infection you already have triggers a chain reaction throughout your body. Infections that lead to sepsis most often start in the lungs, urinary tract, skin, or gastrointestinal tract.

Sepsis is a medical emergency. If you suspect sepsis, seek immediate medical attention. Early recognition and treatment of sepsis are crucial to improve outcomes. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and may require oxygen, medication to raise blood pressure, and corticosteroids. In severe cases, surgery may be required to clear the infection.

Diverticulitis, Colonic is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon. Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that form in the wall of the colon, usually in older adults. They are caused by increased pressure on weakened areas of the colon wall, resulting in the formation of these sac-like protrusions.

When diverticula become inflamed or infected, it leads to the condition known as diverticulitis. Symptoms of colonic diverticulitis may include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and a decreased appetite. In severe cases, complications such as perforation, abscess formation, or peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity) may occur, requiring hospitalization and surgical intervention.

The exact cause of diverticulitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with a low-fiber diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection, a liquid diet to allow the colon to rest, and over-the-counter or prescription pain medications to manage discomfort. In severe cases or in patients who experience recurrent episodes of diverticulitis, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected portion of the colon.

Paracentesis is a medical procedure in which a thin needle or catheter is inserted through the abdominal wall to remove excess fluid from the peritoneal cavity. This procedure is also known as abdominal tap or paracentesis aspiration. The fluid removed, called ascites, can be analyzed for infection, malignant cells, or other signs of disease. Paracentesis may be performed to relieve symptoms caused by the buildup of excess fluid in the abdomen, such as pain, difficulty breathing, or loss of appetite. It is commonly used to diagnose and manage conditions such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, and kidney failure.

Thioglycolates are a group of chemical compounds that contain a thiol (sulfhydryl) group (-SH) bonded to a glycolate group. In the context of medical and cosmetic use, the term "thioglycolates" often refers to salts of thioglycolic acid, which are used as depilatories or hair-curling agents.

Thioglycolates work by breaking the disulfide bonds in keratin, the protein that makes up hair and nails. When applied to hair, thioglycolates reduce the disulfide bonds into sulfhydryl groups, making the hair more flexible and easier to shape or remove. This property is exploited in hair-curling products and depilatories (hair removal creams).

It's important to note that thioglycolates can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and respiratory issues in some individuals. Therefore, they should be used with caution, following the manufacturer's instructions, and in a well-ventilated area.

Staphylococcal infections are a type of infection caused by Staphylococcus bacteria, which are commonly found on the skin and nose of healthy people. However, if they enter the body through a cut, scratch, or other wound, they can cause an infection.

There are several types of Staphylococcus bacteria, but the most common one that causes infections is Staphylococcus aureus. These infections can range from minor skin infections such as pimples, boils, and impetigo to serious conditions such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and toxic shock syndrome.

Symptoms of staphylococcal infections depend on the type and severity of the infection. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, either topical or oral, depending on the severity and location of the infection. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for more severe infections. It is important to note that some strains of Staphylococcus aureus have developed resistance to certain antibiotics, making them more difficult to treat.

Pneumoperitoneum is a medical condition characterized by the presence of free air or gas within the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the internal organs. This accumulation of air can occur due to various reasons such as perforation of an organ (e.g., stomach, intestine, or esophagus), recent surgery, or medical procedures involving the introduction of air into the abdomen.

The presence of pneumoperitoneum is often diagnosed through imaging techniques like X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans, which can reveal the presence of free gas in the peritoneal cavity. The condition may require prompt medical attention, depending on the underlying cause and the patient's symptoms. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as repairing a perforation or managing an infection.

Vancomycin is an antibiotic that belongs to the glycopeptide class. It is primarily used to treat severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). Vancomycin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It is usually administered intravenously in a hospital setting due to its potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The medical definition of 'Vancomycin' can be summarized as:

"A glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, particularly those that are resistant to other antibiotics. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and is administered intravenously due to its potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity."

The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and large intestines. It is a pouch-like structure that connects to the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the ascending colon (the first part of the large intestine). The cecum is where the appendix is attached. Its function is to absorb water and electrolytes, and it also serves as a site for the fermentation of certain types of dietary fiber by gut bacteria. However, the exact functions of the cecum are not fully understood.

"Device Removal" in a medical context generally refers to the surgical or nonsurgical removal of a medical device that has been previously implanted in a patient's body. The purpose of removing the device may vary, depending on the individual case. Some common reasons for device removal include infection, malfunction, rejection, or when the device is no longer needed.

Examples of medical devices that may require removal include pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), artificial joints, orthopedic hardware, breast implants, cochlear implants, and intrauterine devices (IUDs). The procedure for device removal will depend on the type of device, its location in the body, and the reason for its removal.

It is important to note that device removal carries certain risks, such as bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding tissues, or complications related to anesthesia. Therefore, the decision to remove a medical device should be made carefully, considering both the potential benefits and risks of the procedure.

"Acute abdomen" is a medical term used to describe a sudden and severe abdominal pain that requires immediate medical attention. This condition can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, infection, obstruction, or perforation of the abdominal organs. Common causes of acute abdomen include appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, and perforated ulcers.

The symptoms of acute abdomen may include severe and localized or generalized abdominal pain, tenderness, rigidity, rebound tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. The diagnosis of acute abdomen is usually made based on the patient's history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scan.

Treatment of acute abdomen depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain management, and surgery in severe cases. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, peritonitis, and even death.

Peritoneal diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the peritoneum, which is the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers the organs within it. The peritoneum has several functions, including providing protection and support to the abdominal organs, producing and absorbing fluids, and serving as a site for the immune system's response to infections and other foreign substances.

Peritoneal diseases can be broadly classified into two categories: infectious and non-infectious. Infectious peritoneal diseases are caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections that spread to the peritoneum from other parts of the body or through contaminated food, water, or medical devices. Non-infectious peritoneal diseases, on the other hand, are not caused by infections but rather by other factors such as autoimmune disorders, cancer, or chemical irritants.

Some examples of peritoneal diseases include:

1. Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum due to bacterial or fungal infections, often caused by a ruptured appendix, perforated ulcer, or other abdominal injuries or conditions.
2. Tuberculous peritonitis: A form of peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB).
3. Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: Infection of the peritoneum in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, a type of kidney replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease.
4. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: A rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the mesothelial cells lining the peritoneum, often caused by exposure to asbestos.
5. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and scarring of the peritoneum.
6. Peritoneal carcinomatosis: The spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body to the peritoneum, often seen in patients with advanced ovarian or colorectal cancer.
7. Cirrhotic ascites: Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity due to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
8. Meigs' syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the presence of a benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion.

Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Its medical definition, according to the National Library of Medicine (NLM), is: "A topical antimicrobial agent that is used to eradicate staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria from the nose and skin. It is also used as a first-line treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections."

Mupirocin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, which prevents them from multiplying. This topical antibiotic is available as an ointment or cream and is usually applied three times a day for 5 to 10 days. It is important to note that mupirocin should only be used to treat bacterial infections and not viral or fungal infections, as it has no effect on these types of pathogens.

Diverticulosis, colonic is a medical condition characterized by the presence of small sacs or pouches (diverticula) that form on the outer wall of the large intestine (colon). These sacs are usually found in the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the colon that is closest to the rectum.

Diverticulosis occurs when the inner layer of the colon's muscle pushes through weak spots in the outer layer of the colon wall, creating small pockets or sacs. The exact cause of diverticulosis is not known, but it may be associated with a low-fiber diet, aging, and increased pressure in the colon.

Most people with diverticulosis do not experience any symptoms, and the condition is often discovered during routine screening exams or when complications arise. However, some people may experience cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

Diverticulosis can lead to complications such as inflammation (diverticulitis), bleeding, and infection. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, or rectal bleeding, as these may be signs of a more serious condition.

Treatment for diverticulosis typically involves making dietary changes, increasing fiber intake, and taking medications to manage symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove affected portions of the colon.

Tissue adhesions, also known as scar tissue adhesions, are abnormal bands of fibrous tissue that form between two or more internal organs, or between organs and the walls of the chest or abdominal cavity. These adhesions can develop after surgery, infection, injury, radiation, or prolonged inflammation. The fibrous bands can cause pain, restrict movement of the organs, and potentially lead to complications such as bowel obstruction. Treatment options for tissue adhesions may include medication, physical therapy, or surgical intervention to remove the adhesions.

Parenteral infusions refer to the administration of fluids or medications directly into a patient's vein or subcutaneous tissue using a needle or catheter. This route bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and allows for rapid absorption and onset of action. Parenteral infusions can be used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances, administer medications that cannot be given orally, provide nutritional support, and deliver blood products. Common types of parenteral infusions include intravenous (IV) drips, IV push, and subcutaneous infusions. It is important that parenteral infusions are administered using aseptic technique to reduce the risk of infection.

Chylous ascites is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of milky, fat-containing fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space within the abdomen that contains the intestines, liver, and other organs. The fluid, called chyle, is normally found in the lymphatic system and is formed when dietary fats are absorbed from the small intestine.

Chylous ascites can occur as a result of damage to the lymphatic vessels that transport chyle from the intestines to the bloodstream. This damage can be caused by various conditions, such as trauma, surgery, tumors, inflammation, or congenital abnormalities. When the lymphatic vessels are damaged, chyle leaks into the peritoneal cavity and accumulates there, leading to ascites.

Symptoms of chylous ascites may include abdominal distension, pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. The condition can be diagnosed through various tests, such as imaging studies or analysis of the fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition, as well as managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include dietary modifications, medications to reduce lymphatic flow, or surgical interventions to repair damaged lymphatic vessels.

A testicular hydrocele is a type of fluid-filled sac that forms around the testicle (testis), typically in the scrotum. This sac, known as the tunica vaginalis, normally contains a small amount of fluid that helps to lubricate and protect the testicle. However, when an excessive amount of fluid accumulates in this sac, it results in the formation of a hydrocele.

Testicular hydroceles can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life due to various reasons such as injury, inflammation, or infection in the scrotal area. They are usually painless but may cause discomfort or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, especially when they become large. In some cases, hydroceles may resolve on their own without treatment, while others may require surgical intervention to drain the fluid and repair the underlying issue.

It is essential to differentiate between hydroceles and other conditions with similar symptoms, such as hernias or tumors, which may require more urgent medical attention. A healthcare professional can perform a physical examination and possibly recommend further testing, like an ultrasound, to confirm the diagnosis of a testicular hydrocele.

Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The worms infect the lymphatic system and can lead to chronic swelling of body parts such as the limbs, breasts, and genitals, as well as other symptoms including fever, chills, and skin rashes. Wuchereria bancrofti is a significant public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Elephantiasis is a rare, tropical disease that is characterized by the extreme enlargement and hardening of body parts, usually the legs or genitals, due to the obstruction of lymphatic vessels. This results in the accumulation of fluid in the affected areas, leading to severe swelling and disfigurement.

The two most common forms of elephantiasis are filarial elephantiasis, which is caused by infection with parasitic worms such as Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia timori, and non-filarial elephantiasis, which can be caused by various factors such as bacterial infections, injuries, or genetic conditions.

Filarial elephantiasis is typically transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is preventable through the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and mass drug administration programs. Non-filarial elephantiasis can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, seeking prompt medical treatment for infections or injuries, and receiving appropriate medical care for underlying conditions.

While there is no cure for elephantiasis, various treatments can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include surgery to remove affected tissue, physical therapy to manage swelling and prevent further damage to the lymphatic system, and medications to treat any underlying infections or complications.

'Brugia malayi' is a species of parasitic nematode (roundworm) that can infect humans and cause the tropical disease known as lymphatic filariasis. The adult worms typically reside in the lymphatic vessels, where they can cause inflammation, obstruction, and damage to the lymphatic system.

The life cycle of 'Brugia malayi' involves several stages, including microfilariae (immature worms) that are transmitted to a human host through the bite of an infected mosquito vector. Once inside the human body, the microfilariae migrate to the lymphatic vessels and mature into adult worms over a period of several months.

The symptoms of lymphatic filariasis can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the infection and the individual's immune response. In some cases, the disease can lead to chronic swelling and deformity of the affected limbs or genitalia, a condition known as elephantiasis.

Preventive measures for lymphatic filariasis include avoiding mosquito bites through the use of insect repellent, long-sleeved clothing, and bed nets, as well as mass drug administration programs to eliminate the parasite from affected communities.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Elephantiasis, filarial is a medical condition characterized by the severe swelling of limbs or other parts of the body due to the blockage of lymphatic vessels by parasitic worms. It is caused by infection with threadlike nematode filarial worms, such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori. These worms are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites.

The blockage of lymphatic vessels leads to the accumulation of lymph fluid in the affected area, causing progressive swelling, thickening, and hardening of the skin and underlying tissues. In advanced cases, the skin may become rough, nodular, and fissured, resembling the hide of an elephant, hence the name "elephantiasis."

The condition is usually chronic and can cause significant disability and social stigma. While there is no cure for filarial elephantiasis, various treatments are available to alleviate symptoms, prevent transmission, and halt the progression of the disease. These include antibiotics to kill the worms, surgery to remove the lymphatic obstruction, and various supportive measures to manage the swelling and prevent secondary infections.

Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. The infection is spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes and can lead to various symptoms depending on the type of filarial worm, including lymphatic dysfunction (elephantiasis), eye damage (onchocerciasis or river blindness), and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. The disease is prevalent in tropical areas with poor sanitation and lack of access to clean water. Preventive measures include wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and sleeping under mosquito nets. Treatment typically involves the use of antiparasitic drugs such as diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin.

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The incidence of tuberculous peritonitis is particularly high in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. There are broadly two ... There is good evidence from randomised-controlled trials to say that in tuberculous lymphadenitis and in TB of the spine, the ... All first-line anti-tuberculous drug names have semi-standardized three-letter and single-letter abbreviations:[citation needed ... Central nervous system tuberculosis takes two major forms: tuberculous meningitis and tuberculoma. Tuberculosis may affect the ...
"Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome associated with tuberculous salpingitis and peritonitis: a case presentation and review of literature ... and peritonitis. The symptoms usually appear after a menstrual period. The most common are: an abnormal smell and colour of ...
Vardareli, E; Kebapcı, M; Saricam, T; Pasaoglu, Ö; Açikalin, M (2004-03-01). "Tuberculous peritonitis of the wet ascitic type: ... It can also rarely occur as a result of infectious causes such as tuberculous peritonitis, peritoneal coccidioidomycosis, and ... The most common radiographic feature among patients with suspected tuberculous peritonitis was septated compartments of ascitic ...
... spent several years on and off in a sanatorium near Broadstairs while suffering from tuberculous peritonitis as a child. Queen ...
... she developed tuberculous peritonitis and was sent to a sanatorium near Broadstairs, Kent, where she remained for three years. ...
Kimura wrote several other works such as Misao Kurabe (操くらべ) and Wakamatsu (わか松) before she died of tuberculous peritonitis on ...
... tuberculous peritonitis, and genitourinary tuberculosis. A potentially more serious, widespread form of TB is called " ... Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous ... Central nervous system infections include tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculomas, and spinal tuberculous ... "Tuberculous pleural effusion". Journal of Thoracic Disease. 8 (7): E486-94. doi:10.21037/jtd.2016.05.87. PMC 4958858. PMID ...
... peritonitis, tuberculous MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.493 - tuberculoma MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.493.400 - tuberculoma, ... tuberculous MeSH C01.539.739.969 - whooping cough MeSH C01.539.757.720 - septicemia MeSH C01.539.757.720.100 - bacteremia MeSH ... tuberculous MeSH C01.539.830.305.330 - empyema, subdural MeSH C01.539.830.694 - otitis media, suppurative MeSH C01.539.830.840 ... tuberculous MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.570 - tuberculosis, central nervous system MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.570.300 - ...
... peritonitis, tuberculous MeSH C06.844.640.500 - subphrenic abscess The list continues at List of MeSH codes (C07). (Wikipedia ...
Tuberculous peritonitis- reports of 26 cases, detailing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Eur J Gastroenterology & ...
Tuberculous osteoarthritis with fistulae at multiple sites in the right leg. Her cure was recognised on 26 May 1965. Visited ... Tubercular peritonitis with complications for seven years, extreme emaciation and oscillating fever. Comatose when brought to ...
In 1948, Reimann published Periodic disease; a probable syndrome including periodic fever, benign paroxysmal peritonitis, ... including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tuberculous. After came two years in China as associate professor of medicine at the ... Reimann, Hobart A (1948). "Periodic Disease: a probable syndrome including periodic fever, benign paroxysmal peritonitis, ... Periodic Disease: a probable syndrome including periodic fever, benign paroxysmal peritonitis, cyclic neutropenia and ...
"Chronic community-acquired Acinetobacter pneumonia that responded slowly to rifampicin in the anti-tuberculous regime". The ... "Successful antibiotic lock therapy in patients with refractory peritonitis". Clinical Nephrology. 72 (6): 488-91. doi:10.5414/ ... "Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii peritoneal dialysis peritonitis with intraperitoneal ...
... peritonitis, post-surgical infections, pulmonary infections and disseminated disease. Involvement of the central nervous system ... as they are resistant to most first-line anti-tuberculous agents. Etymology: boenickei, of Bönicke, in honour of the ...
011.4 Tuberculous fibrosis of lung 011.5 Tuberculous bronchiectasis 011.6 Tuberculous pneumonia any form 011.7 Tuberculous ... gonococcal 098.8 Gonococcal infection of other specified sites 098.86 Gonococcal peritonitis 099 Other venereal diseases 099.0 ... of presumed infectious origin 010 Primary tuberculous infection 010.0 Primary tuberculous infection 010.1 Tuberculous pleurisy ... in primary progressive tuberculosis 010.8 Other primary progressive tuberculosis 010.9 Primary Tuberculous infection, ...
Tuberculous" by people in this website by year, and whether "Peritonitis, Tuberculous" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Peritonitis, Tuberculous" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Peritonitis, Tuberculous" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Peritonitis, Tuberculous". ...
... and tuberculous peritonitis. ... Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. SBP is observed in 15-26% of ... How is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) diagnosed?. What are the treatment options for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ... Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In: Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC, eds. Schiffs Diseases of the Liver. 8th ... Garcia-Tsao G. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1992 Mar. 21(1):257-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
... and tuberculous peritonitis. ... Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. SBP is observed in 15-26% of ... How is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) diagnosed?. What are the treatment options for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ... Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In: Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC, eds. Schiffs Diseases of the Liver. 8th ... Garcia-Tsao G. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1992 Mar. 21(1):257-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Group A Streptococcus Primary Peritonitis in New Zealand Children: A Case Series 1.0 CME / ABIM MOC Credits Journal Article ... Does this patient have bacterial peritonitis or portal hypertension? How do I perform a paracentesis and analyze the results?. ... Abdominal tenderness in ascites patients indicates spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Eur J Intern Med. 2007 Jan. 18(1):44-7. [ ... The most common complication of ascites is the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (ascitic fluid with PMN count ...
Tuberculous peritonitis in pregnancy. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1986;93:1009-10. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Tuberculous peritonitis in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2005;31:436-8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Tuberculous peritonitis in pregnancy. BMJ. 1972;3:153. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Tuberculous peritonitis-associated mortality is high among patients waiting for the results of mycobacterial cultures of ...
What to know about tuberculous peritonitis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can affect the peritoneum, the lining of the abdomen and ... Tuberculous meningitis: What to know. Tuberculosis meningitis is a rare complication of tuberculosis, which is a bacterial ...
Eosinophilic peritonitis: An unusual manifestation of tuberculous peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patient. ... Dive into the research topics of Eosinophilic peritonitis: An unusual manifestation of tuberculous peritonitis in peritoneal ...
Ascites or even ascitic tuberculous peritonitis should be considered if the swellings are bilateral.[citation needed] There is ...
Tuberculous peritonitis is characterized by ascites and fever; a doughy abdomen or abdominal mass is occasionally noted. ... Separating Tuberculous Infection from Reactions Created by Other Causes. Factors That Cause Persons to Be Falsely Classified as ... Tuberculous involvement of the hilar or mediastinal nodes is usually unilateral. Lymph node changes tend to persist longer than ... 2. Tuberculous infection, no disease. Persons in this class have a positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test, negative ...
Tuberculous peritonitis may cause pain ranging from the vague discomfort of stomach cramps to intense pain that may mimic the ... Tuberculous peritonitis may cause pain ranging from the vague discomfort of stomach cramps to intense pain that may mimic the ... Tuberculous peritonitis may cause pain ranging from the mild discomfort of stomach cramps to intense pain that may mimic the ... Tuberculous peritonitis may cause pain ranging from the vague discomfort of stomach cramps to intense pain that may mimic the ...
... female predominance in patients with tuberculous peritonitis. Abdominal tuberculosis generally occurs equally in both sexes, ... Males predominated, with gender parity among patients with lymphadenitis and a female preponderance in those with peritonitis. ... with a female majority in the peritonitis group. For Soweto, the incidence of adult EPTB was 88.6/100 000 population, rising to ...
"Ascitic fluid adenosine deaminase insensitivity in detecting tuberculous peritonitis in the United States," Hepatology, vol. 24 ... A. Stevens and J. M. Little, "Isolated tuberculous hepatic abscess," Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery, vol. 57, no ... R. D. Zipser, J. E. Rau, R. R. Ricketts, and L. C. Bevans, "Tuberculous pseudotumors of the liver," The American Journal of ... A. R. Essop, I. Segal, J. Posen, and N. Noormohamed, "Tuberculous abscess of the liver," South African Medical Journal, vol. 63 ...
He was taking care of a young woman, Marie Bailly, who was dying from final-stage tuberculous peritonitis. While talking with a ...
Tuberculous peritonitis. Wu N, Xu Z, Huang WF. Wu N, et al. Among authors: xu z. Dig Liver Dis. 2023 Nov 20:S1590-8658(23)01022 ...
... tuberculous peritonitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of peritonitis, predominance of lymphocytosis in the ... when tuberculous peritonitis was diagnosed. The initial presentation was similar to non-mycobacterial peritonitis. In ... Tuberculous peritonitis in pediatric dialysis patients: report of five cases. Mahmut Çivilibal1, Lale Sever2, Salim Çalışkan2, ... Tuberculous peritonitis was diagnosed in five (four female; mean age: 16.3±2.1 years) of 83 patients undergoing chronic ...
Shakil, A.O., Korula, J., Kanel, G.C., Murray, N.G.B. and Reynolds, T.B. (1996) Diagnostic Features of Tuberculous Peritonitis ... Iqbal, S., Iman, U.N., Aslam, N. and Rahman, S.U. (2005) Incidence of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Liver Cirrhosis, ... Runyon, B.A. and Hoefs, J.C. (1984) Culture-Negative Neutrocytic Ascites: A Variant of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. ... Caruntu, F.A. and Benea, L. (2006) Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment. Journal of ...
Cats sought for feline infectious peritonitis study (2 pages) 17 Feb 2023. In: Veterinary Record, vol. 192, pp. 173-174 DOI: ... I maintain the national data-base for cases of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in cats and dogs (in ... I maintain the national data-base for cases of feline tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in cats (in ... and completed a PhD study into Feline Infectious Peritonitis in 1997. After a short period as Lecturer in Veterinary Pathology ...
Visual PET/CT scoring of mesenteric fdg uptake to differentiate between tuberculous peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis * ...
Tuberculous peritonitis after treatment with adalimumab Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 40, Núm. 8, pp. 677- ...
Peritonitis, Tuberculous C02 - VIRUS DISEASES Fowl Plague. Influenza, Avian. C04 - NEOPLASMS. Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical ...
... and tuberculous peritonitis. ... Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. SBP is observed in 15-26% of ... Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC, eds. Schiffs Diseases of the Liver. 8th ed. ... Garcia-Tsao G. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1992 Mar. 21(1):257-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Appropriate radiologic studies must be performed in such patients to rule out surgical causes of peritonitis. ...
Peritonitis, Tuberculous C02 - VIRUS DISEASES Fowl Plague. Influenza, Avian. C04 - NEOPLASMS. Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical ...
Peritonitis, Tuberculous C02 - VIRUS DISEASES Fowl Plague. Influenza, Avian. C04 - NEOPLASMS. Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical ...
Peritonitis, Tuberculous C02 - VIRUS DISEASES Fowl Plague. Influenza, Avian. C04 - NEOPLASMS. Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical ...
Peritonitis, Tuberculous C02 - VIRUS DISEASES Fowl Plague. Influenza, Avian. C04 - NEOPLASMS. Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical ...
Peritonitis, Tuberculous C02 - VIRUS DISEASES Fowl Plague. Influenza, Avian. C04 - NEOPLASMS. Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical ...
Peritonitis, Tuberculous C02 - VIRUS DISEASES Fowl Plague. Influenza, Avian. C04 - NEOPLASMS. Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical ...
Peritonitis, Tuberculous C02 - VIRUS DISEASES Fowl Plague. Influenza, Avian. C04 - NEOPLASMS. Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical ...
  • A form of PERITONITIS seen in patients with TUBERCULOSIS, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. (uchicago.edu)
  • The development of specific chemotherapeutic agents has revolutionized the prognosis of tuberculosis and tuberculous infection, making tuberculosis truly curable and preventable. (cdc.gov)
  • I maintain the national data-base for cases of feline tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in cats (in collaboration with AHVLA, Drs J Hope, X Donadeu and A Philbey, RDSVS and the Roslin Institute). (ed.ac.uk)
  • Three patients were undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and two patients had been switched to hemodialysis (HD) when tuberculous peritonitis was diagnosed. (cshd.org.tr)
  • There are two types of ascitic fluid infections, namely spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (PAS) and negatively cultured neutrocytic ascites (CNNA). (iajps.com)
  • However, CNNA has been shown to have lower mortality compared to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. (iajps.com)
  • Peritonitis must be differentiated from other diseases affecting the peritoneum such as peritoneal abscess , peritoneal mesothelioma and peritoneal carcinomatosis which presents with ascites and abdominal pain . (wikidoc.org)
  • Peritoneal TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, night sweats, presence of ascitic fluid, bilateral pleural effusion, pleural nodule appearance, and findings suggestive of peritonitis carcinomatosis, as in our case. (amhsr.org)
  • Tuberculous orchitis in chronic renal failure. (zju.edu.cn)
  • It may be localized or generalized, and can have an acute course in infection secondary to rupture of a hollow viscus or follows a chronic course as seen in tuberculous peritonitis. (wikidoc.org)
  • N73.4 is a billable ICD-10 code used to specify a medical diagnosis of female chronic pelvic peritonitis. (icdlist.com)
  • including such diseases with the above symptoms as exudative pleuritis, tuberculous peritonitis, ascites due to cirrhosis and chronic nephritis, etc. (tcmwiki.com)
  • Other less common causes include liver cirrhosis , and peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis. (wikidoc.org)
  • Peritonitis is particularly common among people with alcohol use disorder who have cirrhosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Body fluid Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme Measurement was performed in 132 patients: 8 cases with peritonitis, 21 cases with malignant ascites, 43 cases with liver cirrhosis, 48 cases with tuberculous pleuritis, 12 cases with malignant pleural effusion respectively. (e-jyms.org)
  • In conclusion, in children on CAPD or HD (previously treated by CAPD), tuberculous peritonitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of peritonitis, predominance of lymphocytosis in the peritoneal fluid and a prolonged course of "sterile" peritonitis unresponsive to conventional antibiotic treatment are present. (cshd.org.tr)
  • However, CAPD associated peritonitis remains a challenge with increasing number of cases reported leading to significant morbidity and mortality. (antibiotic-ninja.com)
  • CAPD peritonitis caused by non tuberculous Mycobacterium(NTM) is often under-recognized and associated with poor outcome. (antibiotic-ninja.com)
  • We reported two cases of Mycobacterium abscessus CAPD peritonitis at our centre with different clinical outcomes. (antibiotic-ninja.com)
  • Most common cause of peritonitis in approximately 80% adults is perforation of the gastrointestinal or biliary tract . (wikidoc.org)
  • On the train he met a girl, Marie Bailly, who was suffering from tuberculous peritonitis. (olol-church.com)
  • There he witnessed the unexplained, complete reversal of tuberculous peritonitis, after immersion in the waters of Lourdes, of Marie Bailly, a woman whom he had examined and whose death seemed imminent. (medicineandreligion.com)
  • Rotura espontánea de bazo en la pancreatitis crónica. (ucm.es)
  • Secondary causes such as pancreatitis, peritoneal cancer, tuberculous peritonitis must be omitted. (iajps.com)
  • Tuberculous peritonitis in pediatric dialysis patients: report of five cases. (cshd.org.tr)
  • Peritonitis defined as inflammation of peritoneum (serosal membrane lining the abdominal cavity and abdominal viscera) and is associated with high mortality rate secondary to bacteremia and sepsis syndrome . (wikidoc.org)
  • Tuberculous pericarditis is a relatively uncommon manifestation of extrapulmonary TB. (thoracickey.com)
  • Also known as generalized hematogenous TB, miliary TB occurs when a tuberculous lesion erodes into a blood vessel, disseminating millions of tubercle bacilli into the bloodstream and throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Males predominated, with gender parity among patients with lymphadenitis and a female preponderance in those with peritonitis. (scielo.org.za)
  • The fevers of patients normalized after 5-7 days of anti-tuberculous treatment. (cshd.org.tr)
  • The patient with tuberculous peritonitis] was close to death in the afternoon. (the-liberty.com)
  • Peritonitis is a emergency medical condition requiring prompt medical attention and treatment. (wikidoc.org)
  • Males comprised 53.2% overall, with a female majority in the peritonitis group. (scielo.org.za)
  • The initial presentation was similar to non-mycobacterial peritonitis. (cshd.org.tr)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Peritonitis, Tuberculous" by people in this website by year, and whether "Peritonitis, Tuberculous" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Peritonitis, Tuberculous" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • Peritonitis can also result from injury, contamination with microorganisms, chemicals or both. (wikidoc.org)
  • Private Samuel Kirham (No. 4458471) died of tuberculous peritonitis and three days after he died he was buried in Holywood Cemetery. (barryniblock.co.uk)
  • Peritonitis, Tuberculous" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • The development of specific chemotherapeutic agents has revolutionized the prognosis of tuberculosis and tuberculous infection, making tuberculosis truly curable and preventable. (cdc.gov)
  • A form of PERITONITIS seen in patients with TUBERCULOSIS , characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. (nih.gov)
  • Forma de PERITONITIS que se observa en pacientes que padecen TUBERCULOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the patient was diagnosed with tuberculosis from a sputum culture, and she was treated with anti-tuberculous therapy. (springeropen.com)
  • She was pathologically diagnosed with tuberculous abscesses in the diaphragm and posterior mediastinum and began treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs. (springeropen.com)
  • Tuberculous infection in the muscle is extremely rare, occurring in about 0.015% of all patients with tuberculosis [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • 3 These etiologies mostly include typhoid, tuberculosis and non-specific gut perforations.4 These perforations result in peritonitis which is difficult to manage as patients usually present late and in critical condition. (ihelptostudy.com)
  • However, there are several features that support an infectious/inflammatory cause: smooth peritoneal and serosal thickening and hyperenhancement (indicating peritonitis, and commonly described as "wet" peritoneal TB 2 ), left adnexal hydro/pyosalpinx, and the lack of peritoneal nodularity/implants. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Their histological differences from corn-starch peritonitis warrant attention in the absence of previous documentation of starch as a component of peritoneal food granulomas. (bmj.com)
  • Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. (medscape.com)
  • 2 Second, the emerging quinolone resistance among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria 2 and frequent use of ciprofloxacin for prophylaxis against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis have made use of ceftriaxone in this setting more desirable than quinolones. (pearls4peers.com)
  • Although nonselective beta blockers (NSBBs), such as nadolol and propranolol, have been the cornerstone of medical treatment of portal hypertension in preventing variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis for decades, recent reports of their association with worsening survival, increased risk of hepatorenal syndrome and acute kidney injury in patients with refractory ascites or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP]) 1,2 have added controversy to their routine use in end-stage cirrhosis. (pearls4peers.com)
  • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ( SBP ) is a bacterial infection of ascitic fluid that occurs in the absence of an identifiable intraabdominal source of infection. (amboss.com)
  • Prevalence and predictors of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: does low zinc level play any role? (sohag-univ.edu.eg)
  • Introduction Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent and life‑threatening complication of cirrhosis. (sohag-univ.edu.eg)
  • ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is one of the potentially life-threatening complications in ascetic cirrhotic patients. (sohag-univ.edu.eg)
  • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a life-threatening complication in patients with advanced cirrhosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tuberculous peritonitis as still probable cause of ascites]. (nih.gov)
  • Hartung M, Tuberculous tubo-ovarian abscess and peritonitis. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Perforation can lead to complications including generalized peritonitis and abscess formation. (logicalimages.com)
  • Exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Presentation and role of peritoneoscopy in the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Tuberculous peritonitis in Egypt: the value of laparoscopy in diagnosis. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, we will discuss the utility of adenosine deaminase activity for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB: tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous pleural effusions, and tuberculous peritonitis. (tuberculosistextbook.com)
  • They followed bowel perforation and clinically mimicked tuberculous and glove-powder starch peritonitis. (bmj.com)
  • With the advent of asepsis and anesthesia, laprotomy became the timeline in management of perforation peritonitis. (ihelptostudy.com)
  • Food-starch granulomatous peritonitis. (bmj.com)
  • 1 The authors named several diseases that would be expected to cause fever (but were not named specifically as the causes of fever in these patients), including pneumonia, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection, upper respiratory tract infection, bite wounds, peritonitis, pleural effusion, panleukopenia, and sepsis. (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
  • Infection caused by Yersinia enterocolitica diagnosed initially as tuberculous peritonitis]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tuberculous infection in the muscle is very rare. (springeropen.com)
  • Moreover, tuberculous infection in the diaphragm is extremely rare. (springeropen.com)
  • Tuberculous infection was histologically confirmed in each lesion. (springeropen.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate DILI incidence in tuberculous patients suffered from viral hepatitis co-infection compared to non hepatitis patients. (sohag-univ.edu.eg)
  • Peritonitis might result in multiple organ failure secondary to septicemia and results in death if not treated vigorously. (ihelptostudy.com)
  • Salpingitis can also be associated with inflammation of organs or tissues around the fallopian tubes, especially the formation of inflammatory adhesions around the fallopian tube umbrella or ovaries, such as purulent appendicitis and tuberculous peritonitis, so that the fallopian tube umbrella can not be able to absorb discharged egg cells. (fuyanpills.com)
  • Compared to meningitis the HR for death was 0.50 (CI: 0.27-0.91) for lymphatic disease, 0.42 (CI: 0.21-0.81) for bone/joint disease, and 0.59 (CI: 0.27-1.31) for peritonitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with signs of shock or peritonitis should be treated with intravenous (IV) antibiotics. (logicalimages.com)
  • 15. A case of tuberculous peritonitis in childhood. (nih.gov)
  • Are the antimicrobial compounds containing a chemical compound that is seriously challenged and in opposite directions , dissect the internal iliac artery as the use of anti-tuberculous drugs for alcohol. (riversideortho.com)
  • 3. Tuberculous peritonitis in a geriatric patient: a case report. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Tuberculous peritonitis: a case report and literature review. (nih.gov)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculous peritonitis in CAPD patients: a report of 11 patients and review of literature. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Tuberculous peritonitis in children: report of nine patients and review of the literature. (nih.gov)
  • Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome associated with tuberculous salpingitis and peritonitis: a case presentation and review of literature. (nih.gov)
  • Peritonitis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
  • 6. Tuberculous peritonitis--reports of 26 cases, detailing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. (nih.gov)