The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: "high ridge"), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Automatic, mechanical, and apparently undirected behavior which is outside of conscious control.
Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.
The persistent eating of nonnutritive substances for a period of at least one month. (DSM-IV)
The first branch of the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY with distribution to muscles of the NECK; VERTEBRAE; SPINAL CORD; CEREBELLUM; and interior of the CEREBRUM.
INFARCTION of the dorsolateral aspect of MEDULLA OBLONGATA in the BRAIN STEM. It is caused by occlusion of the VERTEBRAL ARTERY and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of infarction, but may include loss of pain and temperature sensation in the ipsilateral face and contralateral body below the chin; ipsilateral HORNER SYNDROME; ipsilateral ATAXIA; DYSARTHRIA; VERTIGO; nausea, hiccup; dysphagia; and VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p801)
A plant genus of the family ANACARDIACEAE best known for the edible fruit.
Methods used in the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral, personality, and mental disorders.
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.
Common name for the largest birds in the order PASSERIFORMES, family Corvidae. These omnivorous black birds comprise most of the species in the genus Corvus, along with ravens and jackdaws (which are often also referred to as crows).
Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of taste, frequently accompanied by OLFACTION DISORDERS.
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)
Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)
Artery formed by the bifurcation of the BASILAR ARTERY. Branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply portions of the OCCIPITAL LOBE; PARIETAL LOBE; inferior temporal gyrus, brainstem, and CHOROID PLEXUS.
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.
A cell wall-degrading enzyme found in microorganisms and higher plants. It catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans. EC 3.2.1.15.
The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.
Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.
The strengthening of a response with a social reward such as a nod of approval, a parent's love or attention.
Splitting of the vessel wall in the VERTEBRAL ARTERY. Interstitial hemorrhage into the media of the vessel wall can lead to occlusion of the vertebral artery, aneurysm formation, or THROMBOEMBOLISM. Vertebral artery dissection is often associated with TRAUMA and injuries to the head-neck region but can occur spontaneously.
Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.
Radiographic visualization of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, i.e., within the peritoneal cavity.
The application of an unpleasant stimulus or penalty for the purpose of eliminating or correcting undesirable behavior.
Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.
The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.
The strengthening of a conditioned response.
Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.
The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)
Aneurysm caused by a tear in the TUNICA INTIMA of a blood vessel leading to interstitial HEMORRHAGE, and splitting (dissecting) of the vessel wall, often involving the AORTA. Dissection between the intima and media causes luminal occlusion. Dissection at the media, or between the media and the outer adventitia causes aneurismal dilation.
One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)
Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.
Microsurgical revascularization to improve intracranial circulation. It usually involves joining the extracranial circulation to the intracranial circulation but may include extracranial revascularization (e.g., subclavian-vertebral artery bypass, subclavian-external carotid artery bypass). It is performed by joining two arteries (direct anastomosis or use of graft) or by free autologous transplantation of highly vascularized tissue to the surface of the brain.
The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders.
'Lead poisoning' is a type of heavy metal toxicity caused by increased levels of lead in the body, typically resulting from exposure to lead-containing substances or environments, and potentially leading to neurological issues, anemia, and developmental delays, especially in children.
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.
A federal area located between Maryland and Virginia on the Potomac river; it is coextensive with Washington, D.C., which is the capital of the United States.
A group of XANTHENES that contain a 9-keto OXYGEN.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Chile" is not a medical concept or condition, it is a country located in South America. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to help answer those!
A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.
The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.
A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.
Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.
Iron-containing proteins that are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Their major function is to store IRON in a nontoxic bioavailable form. Each ferritin molecule consists of ferric iron in a hollow protein shell (APOFERRITINS) made of 24 subunits of various sequences depending on the species and tissue types.
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).
The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.
The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Nematode intestinal parasites of children in rural Guinea, Africa: prevalence and relationship to geophagia. (1/90)

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitism is common among children in developing countries, but the risk factors for infection are not well characterized. METHODS: A stool examination was performed on 286 randomly selected children aged 1-18 years from three rural villages in Guinea, Africa. Information collected by questionnaire was used to examine the relationship between geophagia and infection with intestinal nematodes acquired by ingestion versus skin penetration. RESULTS: Fifty-three per cent of children were infected by at least one type of soil-transmitted nematode. Geophagia was reported by parents to occur in 57%, 53%, and 43%, of children ages 1-5, 6-10, and 11-18 years, respectively. The pattern of geophagia by age and gender of the children more closely resembled the infection pattern for the two orally acquired and soil-transmitted nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura) than it did the infection pattern for the two soil-transmitted nematodes that infect by skin penetration (hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that geophagia is an important risk factor for orally acquired nematode infections in African children. Education regarding geophagia prevention should be an integral component of any soil-transmitted parasite control programme.  (+info)

Doxorubicin-cisplatin chemotherapy for high-grade nonosteogenic sarcoma of bone. Comparison of treatment and control groups. (2/90)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of chemotherapy with a combination of doxorubicin (adriamycin) and cisplatin in high-grade, nonosteogenic, non-Ewing's sarcoma (non-OSA) of bone. DESIGN: A case series comparison with a literature-derived control group. SETTING: A university-affiliated tertiary care centre. PATIENTS: Thirty patients with a diagnosis of non-OSA. Of these, 8 had low-grade disease (grade 1 or 2) and 22 had high-grade disease (grade 3). Eleven of the 22 with high-grade disease had malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Seventeen patients with nonmetastatic high-grade non-OSA were compared with a literature cohort of 37 patients who met the eligibility criteria of nonmetastatic, high-grade non-OSA treated with surgery, with or without radiotherapy. The mean follow-up was 25.2 months. INTERVENTIONS: Eight patients with low-grade tumour underwent surgery alone; 22 patients with high-grade tumour underwent surgery and 6 courses of adriamycin (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) and cisplatin (100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disease-free survival and overall survival in those with high-grade tumours treated with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of 8 patients who had low-grade tumours and underwent surgery alone, 3 had systemic relapse. Of the 22 having high-grade tumours, 4 did not receive chemotherapy because of age and comorbid conditions. Of the other 18, 13 received 3 courses of chemotherapy preoperatively and 3 courses postoperatively, 4 received all 6 courses postoperatively and 1 received all chemotherapy preoperatively to treat metastatic disease. In the 17-patient cohort used for comparison with the literature control group, disease-free survival was 57% at a mean follow-up of 25.6 months and overall survival was 57% at a mean follow-up of 30.1 months. In the control group, disease-free survival was 16% at a mean follow-up of 20.9 months and overall survival was 26% at a mean follow-up of 29.9 months. These differences are significant: p = 0.0000, chi 2 = 41.61 for disease-free survival and p = 0.0000, chi 2 = 46.49 for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-grade non-OSA, in whom malignant fibrous histiocytoma was the predominant histologic subtype.  (+info)

The hazards of vinyl glove ingestion in the mentally retarded patient with pica: new implications for surgical management. (3/90)

OBJECTIVE: To report experience with the treatment of complications of vinyl glove ingestion in mentally retarded patients with pica. DESIGN: A retrospective case series. SETTING: Two university-affiliated hospitals. PATIENTS: Five mentally retarded patients, 4 with a history of pica, who were admitted for the management of complications resulting from the ingestion of vinyl gloves. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Type of complication, treatment and operative outcome. FINDINGS: The patients ranged in age from 26 to 46 years. One patient died while awaiting surgical consultation of massive gastrointestinal bleeding from a large gastric ulcer caused by a vinyl glove bezoar (VGB). Four VGBs were removed surgically. Endoscopic removal was difficult or impossible because the gloves had become hardened and matted. CONCLUSIONS: VGB should be considered in institutionalized mentally retarded people with a history of pica when they present with gastrointestinal symptoms. VGBs should be removed directly by laparotomy, gastrotomy or enterotomy. Endoscopic removal is not recommended.  (+info)

Multicomponent assessment and treatment of cigarette pica. (4/90)

We conducted a multicomponent assessment and treatment for 4 individuals who engaged in cigarette pica. During Phase 1, three stimulus preference assessments were conducted to identify (a) the reinforcing component of the cigarette, (b) potential alternative reinforcers that may be used during treatment, and (c) whether the alternative reinforcer would compete effectively with cigarettes. Results were successful in identifying the reinforcing component of the cigarette and suggested the feasibility of using alternative reinforcers during treatment to eliminate cigarette pica. During Phase 2, the effects of two treatment procedures were evaluated. Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) with the alternative edible reinforcer reduced the pica of 2 of the participants, but effects were not maintained when the initial dense schedule of NCR was thinned. Subsequently, differential reinforcement of alternative behavior with the alternative edible reinforcer was effective in reducing pica for 3 participants. An evaluation of nine treatment procedures failed to identify an effective intervention for the remaining participant; consequently, preventive measures were designed to minimize occurrences of cigarette pica.  (+info)

Pica during pregnancy in low-income women born in Mexico. (5/90)

OBJECTIVE: To describe pica behavior (ingestion of nonfood items) in pregnant low-income Mexican-born women in Mexico and the United States. DESIGN: A convenience sample of informants was interviewed with a questionnaire containing open-ended and closed-ended questions. SETTING: A low-income community on the outskirts of Ensenada, Mexico, and clinics serving low-income people in southern California (Santa Ana, Bakersfield, and Los Angeles). PARTICIPANTS: Of a total of 225 Mexican-born women, 75 (33%) were interviewed in Ensenada, and 150 (67%) were interviewed in southern California. RESULTS: The prevalence of pica during pregnancy was 44% (n = 33) in the Ensenada group and 31% (n = 46) in the southern California group. Those who reported pica behavior more commonly had a relative who also practiced pica. CONCLUSION: The high reported rate of pica in this sample indicates that pregnant Mexican-born women should be screened for pica and educated about the potentially serious effects on the fetus and mother.  (+info)

A case of lead poisoning due to snooker chalk. (6/90)

A 3 year, 9 month old child with pica presented with a blood lead concentration of 1.74 micromol/l (360 microg/l). The source of poisoning was snooker chalk (lead content 7200 microg/g). She was treated with intravenous calcium disodium edetate chelation. Thirty months later her blood lead was 0.39 micromol/l (80 microg/l). This case illustrates the need to be vigilant for more unusual causes of lead poisoning in the home.  (+info)

The effects of a vitamin supplement on the pica of a child with severe mental retardation. (7/90)

The effects of a common multiple vitamin on the pica of a child with severe mental retardation and anemia were evaluated. A BAB design revealed that pica was decreased by the vitamin. The results suggest that pica can be effectively treated by implementation of a simple nutritional or biological intervention. Further research investigating the generality of this finding and the effects of combining biological and behavioral interventions are discussed.  (+info)

Zinc deficiency occurring in females. Report of two cases. (8/90)

The syndrome of dwarfism, hypogonadism, iron-deficiency anemia and geophagia, first reported in 1960 from Iran, was thought to be limited to males. In 1971-1972 two females with the same clinical features were observed over a 14-month period. The anemia responded rapidly to iron. Growth and sexual development occurred promptly when 120 mg of zinc sulfate was administered daily in conjunction with a well-balanced diet and iron supplement. This diet prior to the addition of zinc sulfate, resulted in gradual but much slower growth and sexual development. Observations in these two patients provide confirmation of the occurrence of human zinc deficiency in females, which responds to large doses of zinc salt.  (+info)

Kaolin is not a medical term per se, but it is a mineral that has various applications in the medical field. Medically, kaolin is used as an ingredient in some over-the-counter (OTC) medications and clinical products, particularly in oral and topical formulations.

Medical definition: Kaolin is a natural hydrated aluminum silicate clay mineral (with the chemical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4) used in medical applications as an antidiarrheal agent and as a component in various dermatological products for its absorbent, protective, and soothing properties.

Automatism is a medical and legal term that refers to unconscious or involuntary behavior or actions that are performed without conscious awareness or control. In medicine, automatisms can occur in various neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy, sleepwalking, or certain mental disorders. During an automatism episode, a person may appear to be awake and functioning, but they are not fully aware of their actions and may not remember them later.

In the legal context, automatism is often used as a defense in criminal cases, where it is argued that the defendant was not mentally responsible for their actions due to an involuntary automatism episode. However, the definition and application of automatism as a legal defense can vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific circumstances of the case.

Emetics are substances that induce vomiting. They are used in medical situations where it is necessary to evacuate the stomach, such as in cases of poisoning. Common emetics include syrup of ipecac and apomorphine. It's important to note that the use of emetics is not a common treatment for poisoning anymore, and you should always consult with a healthcare professional or poison control center for advice in case of suspected poisoning.

Pica is a medical condition where an individual has an appetite for substances that are not typically considered food, and are not nutritionally beneficial. These substances can include things like dirt, clay, paper, hair, paint chips, or even feces. The behavior must be persistent and continue for a month or longer to be considered pica.

Pica can occur in children, pregnant women, and people with intellectual disabilities, but it can also affect typically developing adults. It's important to note that while some cultures may include non-food items in their diet, this does not necessarily mean they have pica.

The causes of pica are not fully understood, but it can be associated with nutritional deficiencies, mental health disorders, or developmental disabilities. It can lead to serious health complications, such as poisoning, intestinal blockages, and infections, so it's important to seek medical help if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of pica.

The vertebral artery is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and upper spinal cord. It arises from the subclavian artery, then ascends through the transverse processes of several cervical vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum. Inside the skull, it joins with the opposite vertebral artery to form the basilar artery, which supplies blood to the brainstem and cerebellum. The vertebral artery also gives off several important branches that supply blood to various regions of the brainstem and upper spinal cord.

Lateral Medullary Syndrome, also known as Wallenberg's syndrome, is a type of stroke that affects the lateral part (side) of the medulla oblongata, which is a structure at the lower end of the brainstem. This condition is typically caused by a blockage or narrowing of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), leading to infarction (tissue death due to lack of blood supply) in this area.

The lateral medulla contains several important nerve tracts and nuclei that are responsible for various functions, including:

1. Pain and temperature sensation from the face and body
2. Facial movements and sensations
3. Eye movement control
4. Hearing
5. Vestibular function (balance)
6. Swallowing and cough reflexes
7. Cardiovascular regulation

As a result, individuals with Lateral Medullary Syndrome may experience various symptoms such as:
- Ipsilateral (same side) facial pain and temperature sensation loss
- Contralateral (opposite side) body pain and temperature sensation loss
- Vertigo, dizziness, or unsteady gait due to vestibular dysfunction
- Difficulty swallowing and hoarseness
- Horner's syndrome (drooping eyelid, small pupil, and decreased sweating on the affected side of the face)
- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
- Hiccups
- Ipsilateral (same side) limb ataxia (lack of coordination)

The severity and combination of symptoms may vary depending on the extent and location of the infarction. Treatment typically involves managing underlying risk factors, such as hypertension or diabetes, and providing supportive care to address specific symptoms.

"Mangifera" is not a medical term, but a botanical name. It refers to the genus of trees that produce mangoes and other related fruits. The scientific name for the mango fruit is "Mangifera indica." This tropical tree is native to South Asia, particularly India and Southeast Asia.

The mango fruit is rich in vitamins A, C, and B6, as well as dietary fiber, antioxidants, and various other nutrients. It has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hypoglycemic properties. However, it is important to note that while the fruit itself may have health benefits, "Mangifera" does not have a specific medical definition or application.

Psychological techniques generally refer to various methods and approaches used in psychology to help individuals manage their emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and relationships. These techniques are often based on scientific research and theories from fields such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, humanistic psychology, and positive psychology. Here are some examples of psychological techniques:

1. Cognitive restructuring: This technique involves identifying and challenging negative or distorted thinking patterns to replace them with more realistic and adaptive ones.
2. Mindfulness meditation: Practicing mindfulness means focusing on the present moment without judgment, which can help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression.
3. Exposure therapy: This is a technique used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by gradually exposing individuals to their fears in a safe and controlled environment.
4. Systematic desensitization: A form of exposure therapy that involves pairing relaxation techniques with increasingly intense exposures to a feared stimulus.
5. Journaling: Writing down thoughts and feelings can help individuals process emotions, gain self-awareness, and track progress in therapy.
6. Role-playing: Acting out scenarios or conversations can help people practice new skills, build confidence, and improve communication.
7. Mental imagery: Visualizing positive outcomes or situations can help change negative thought patterns and promote personal growth.
8. Emotion regulation strategies: Learning to identify, understand, and manage emotions is an essential skill for mental well-being. Techniques include deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and distraction.
9. Behavioral activation: Engaging in enjoyable activities can help improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.
10. Assertiveness training: This technique teaches individuals how to express their needs and desires clearly and respectfully while maintaining healthy boundaries.

These psychological techniques are often used by mental health professionals, such as psychologists, therapists, and counselors, to help clients overcome various emotional and behavioral challenges. However, some techniques can also be self-taught or practiced independently with the guidance of books, online resources, or support groups.

The cerebellum is a part of the brain that lies behind the brainstem and is involved in the regulation of motor movements, balance, and coordination. It contains two hemispheres and a central portion called the vermis. The cerebellum receives input from sensory systems and other areas of the brain and spinal cord and sends output to motor areas of the brain. Damage to the cerebellum can result in problems with movement, balance, and coordination.

Fenthion is a type of pesticide called an organophosphate insecticide. It works by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase, which leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine and ultimately results in nervous system dysfunction in insects. Fenthion can be used to control a variety of pests, including flies, mosquitoes, and ticks. However, it is also toxic to non-target organisms, including humans, and has been linked to various health effects such as neurological damage and cancer. As a result, the use of fenthion has been restricted or banned in many countries.

Cerebellar diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain located at the back of the head, below the occipital lobe and above the brainstem. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor control, coordination, balance, and some cognitive functions.

Cerebellar diseases can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, tumors, stroke, trauma, or degenerative processes. These conditions can result in a wide range of symptoms, such as:

1. Ataxia: Loss of coordination and unsteady gait
2. Dysmetria: Inability to judge distance and force while performing movements
3. Intention tremors: Shaking or trembling that worsens during purposeful movements
4. Nystagmus: Rapid, involuntary eye movement
5. Dysarthria: Speech difficulty due to muscle weakness or incoordination
6. Hypotonia: Decreased muscle tone
7. Titubation: Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of the head and neck
8. Cognitive impairment: Problems with memory, attention, and executive functions

Some examples of cerebellar diseases include:

1. Ataxia-telangiectasia
2. Friedrich's ataxia
3. Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
4. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs)
5. Cerebellar tumors, such as medulloblastomas or astrocytomas
6. Infarctions or hemorrhages in the cerebellum due to stroke or trauma
7. Infections, such as viral encephalitis or bacterial meningitis
8. Autoimmune disorders, like multiple sclerosis (MS) or paraneoplastic syndromes
9. Metabolic disorders, such as Wilson's disease or phenylketonuria (PKU)
10. Chronic alcoholism and withdrawal

Treatment for cerebellar diseases depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, physical therapy, surgery, or supportive care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

I am not aware of a medical term specifically referred to as "crows." The term "crows" is commonly used to refer to the bird species Corvus corone or Corvus brachyrhynchos, which are known for their black feathers and intelligent behavior. However, in a medical context, "crows feet" is a slang term that refers to the fine lines and wrinkles that can form around the outer corners of the eyes, often due to aging or repeated facial expressions.

If you meant something else by "Crows," please provide more context so I can give a more accurate answer.

Ageusia is a medical term that refers to the complete loss of taste. It can affect a person's ability to detect sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and savory flavors. Ageusia can be caused by various factors such as damage to the nerves responsible for transmitting taste signals to the brain, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation therapy, and some medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and upper respiratory infections. In some cases, ageusia may be temporary, while in others, it can be permanent. It is important to consult a healthcare professional if experiencing a loss of taste, as it could be a sign of an underlying health issue.

An intracranial aneurysm is a localized, blood-filled dilation or bulging in the wall of a cerebral artery within the skull (intracranial). These aneurysms typically occur at weak points in the arterial walls, often at branching points where the vessel divides into smaller branches. Over time, the repeated pressure from blood flow can cause the vessel wall to weaken and balloon out, forming a sac-like structure. Intracranial aneurysms can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.

There are three main types of intracranial aneurysms:

1. Saccular (berry) aneurysm: This is the most common type, characterized by a round or oval shape with a narrow neck and a bulging sac. They usually develop at branching points in the arteries due to congenital weaknesses in the vessel wall.
2. Fusiform aneurysm: These aneurysms have a dilated segment along the length of the artery, forming a cigar-shaped or spindle-like structure. They are often caused by atherosclerosis and can affect any part of the cerebral arteries.
3. Dissecting aneurysm: This type occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining (intima) of the artery, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the vessel wall. It can lead to narrowing or complete blockage of the affected artery and may cause subarachnoid hemorrhage if it ruptures.

Intracranial aneurysms can be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. However, when they grow larger or rupture, they can lead to severe complications such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, or even death. Treatment options include surgical clipping, endovascular coiling, or flow diversion techniques to prevent further growth and potential rupture of the aneurysm.

A bezoar is a mass trapped in the gastrointestinal tract, typically in the stomach, that is composed of indigestible materials such as hair, fibers, or food particles. Bezoars can cause various symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and obstruction. They are more commonly found in people with certain conditions such as diabetes, mental health disorders, or those who have had gastric surgery. Treatment may involve medication or endoscopic removal of the bezoar.

Intellectual disability (ID) is a term used when there are significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

Intellectual functioning, also known as intelligence, refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and other cognitive skills. Adaptive behavior includes skills needed for day-to-day life, such as communication, self-care, social skills, safety judgement, and basic academic skills.

Intellectual disability is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. It can be mild, moderate, severe, or profound, depending on the degree of limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

It's important to note that people with intellectual disabilities have unique strengths and limitations, just like everyone else. With appropriate support and education, they can lead fulfilling lives and contribute to their communities in many ways.

The Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) is one of the major arteries that supplies blood to the brain. It is a branch of the basilar artery, which is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries. The PCA supplies oxygenated blood to the occipital lobe (responsible for visual processing), the temporal lobe (involved in auditory and memory functions), and the thalamus and midbrain (relay station for sensory and motor signals).

The PCA has two segments: the precommunicating segment (P1) and the postcommunicating segment (P2). The P1 segment runs posteriorly along the cerebral peduncle, while the P2 segment courses around the midbrain to reach the occipital lobe.

Atherosclerosis, embolism, or other vascular conditions can affect the PCA and lead to a variety of neurological symptoms, including visual loss, memory impairment, and difficulty with language processing.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil" is not a term that has a medical definition. Soil is defined as the top layer of earth in which plants grow, a mixture of organic material, clay, sand, and silt. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.

Vomiting is defined in medical terms as the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. It is a violent, involuntary act that is usually accompanied by strong contractions of the abdominal muscles and retching. The body's vomiting reflex is typically triggered when the brain receives signals from the digestive system that something is amiss.

There are many potential causes of vomiting, including gastrointestinal infections, food poisoning, motion sickness, pregnancy, alcohol consumption, and certain medications or medical conditions. In some cases, vomiting can be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as a brain injury, concussion, or chemical imbalance in the body.

Vomiting is generally not considered a serious medical emergency on its own, but it can lead to dehydration and other complications if left untreated. If vomiting persists for an extended period of time, or if it is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, or difficulty breathing, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

Polygalacturonase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in polygalacturonic acid, which is a major component of pectin in plant cell walls. This enzyme is involved in various processes such as fruit ripening, plant defense response, and pathogenesis by breaking down the pectin, leading to softening and breakdown of plant tissues. It is also used in industrial applications for fruit juice extraction, tea fermentation, and textile processing.

A ruptured aneurysm is a serious medical condition that occurs when the wall of an artery or a blood vessel weakens and bulges out, forming an aneurysm, which then bursts, causing bleeding into the surrounding tissue. This can lead to internal hemorrhage, organ damage, and even death, depending on the location and severity of the rupture.

Ruptured aneurysms are often caused by factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, aging, and genetic predisposition. They can occur in any part of the body but are most common in the aorta (the largest artery in the body) and the cerebral arteries (in the brain).

Symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm may include sudden and severe pain, weakness or paralysis, difficulty breathing, confusion, loss of consciousness, and shock. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent further complications and increase the chances of survival. Treatment options for a ruptured aneurysm may include surgery, endovascular repair, or medication to manage symptoms and prevent further bleeding.

Tannins, also known as tannic acid or gallotannins, are a type of polyphenolic biomolecule found in plants. They are most commonly known for their ability to bind to proteins and other organic compounds, forming insoluble complexes. This property is what gives tannins their characteristic astringent taste and is also the basis for their use in traditional medicine and industry.

In the context of human health, tannins have been studied for their potential beneficial effects on various physiological processes, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibition of enzymes involved in cancer development. However, excessive consumption of tannins can also have negative health effects, including stomach irritation, nausea, and liver damage.

Tannins are found in a wide variety of plants, including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, bark, leaves, and roots. They are particularly abundant in certain types of food and beverages, such as red wine, tea, coffee, chocolate, and some herbs and spices. In the medical field, tannins have been used topically for their astringent properties to treat wounds, burns, and skin irritations. However, it is important to note that the evidence supporting the health benefits of tannins is still limited and more research is needed to fully understand their effects on human health.

Social reinforcement is a term used in psychology and psychiatry to describe the process by which certain behaviors are strengthened or increased due to positive social consequences. These consequences can include things like praise, attention, affection, or other forms of social recognition.

For example, if a child receives a lot of positive attention and praise from their parents for completing their homework, they may be more likely to continue doing their homework in the future because they have learned that this behavior is associated with positive social reinforcement. Similarly, if an employee is praised and recognized by their manager for a job well done, they may be more motivated to work hard and perform at a high level in order to receive further recognition and reinforcement.

Social reinforcement can play an important role in shaping behavior and promoting positive social interactions. However, it's important to note that the use of social reinforcement should be balanced with other forms of reinforcement, such as intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy, to ensure that individuals are motivated to engage in behaviors for their own sake and not just to receive positive social feedback.

Vertebral artery dissection is a medical condition that involves a tear in the inner lining (the tunica intima) of the vertebral artery, one of the major blood vessels supplying oxygenated blood to the brain. This tear allows blood to enter the vessel wall, creating a false lumen and leading to narrowing or blockage of the true lumen. The dissection can occur spontaneously or following trauma to the neck, and it can result in decreased blood flow to the brainstem and cerebellum, potentially causing symptoms such as headache, neck pain, dizziness, vertigo, double vision, difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, and weakness or numbness on one side of the body. Vertebral artery dissection is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention and management to prevent potential complications such as stroke.

Biflavonoids are a type of flavonoid, which are plant-based compounds with antioxidant properties. Biflavonoids are unique because they consist of two flavonoid molecules joined together. They can be found in various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Some research suggests that biflavonoids may have potential health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and protecting against oxidative stress. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal dosages for human consumption.

Abdominal radiography, also known as a KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) X-ray, is a medical imaging technique used to examine the abdominal cavity. It involves using ionizing radiation to produce images of the internal structures of the abdomen, including the bones, organs, and soft tissues.

The procedure typically involves the patient lying down on a table while a specialized X-ray machine captures images of the abdomen from different angles. The images produced can help doctors diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions, such as kidney stones, intestinal obstructions, and abnormalities in the spine or other bones.

Abdominal radiography is a quick, painless, and non-invasive procedure that requires little preparation on the part of the patient. However, it does involve exposure to radiation, so it is typically only used when necessary and when other imaging techniques are not appropriate.

In medical terms, "punishment" is a consequence or intervention that is intended to decrease the likelihood of an undesirable behavior occurring again in the future. It is often used in the context of behavioral therapy and modification, particularly for addressing maladaptive behaviors in individuals with developmental disorders, mental health conditions, or substance use disorders.

Punishment can take various forms, such as response cost (removal of a positive reinforcer), time-out (removal of access to reinforcement), or aversive stimuli (presentation of an unpleasant stimulus). However, it is important to note that punishment should be used judiciously and ethically, with careful consideration given to the potential negative consequences such as avoidance, escape, or aggression. Additionally, positive reinforcement (rewarding desirable behaviors) is generally considered a more effective and sustainable approach to behavior change than punishment alone.

Cerebral angiography is a medical procedure that involves taking X-ray images of the blood vessels in the brain after injecting a contrast dye into them. This procedure helps doctors to diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the blood vessels in the brain, such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessels).

During the procedure, a catheter is inserted into an artery in the leg and threaded through the body to the blood vessels in the neck or brain. The contrast dye is then injected through the catheter, and X-ray images are taken to visualize the blood flow through the brain's blood vessels.

Cerebral angiography provides detailed images of the blood vessels in the brain, allowing doctors to identify any abnormalities or blockages that may be causing symptoms or increasing the risk of stroke. Based on the results of the cerebral angiography, doctors can develop a treatment plan to address these issues and prevent further complications.

Iron-deficiency anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the total amount of hemoglobin or red blood cells in the blood, caused by insufficient iron levels in the body. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. When iron levels are low, the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin, leading to the production of smaller and fewer red blood cells, known as microcytic hypochromic anemia.

Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, and a deficiency in iron can result from inadequate dietary intake, chronic blood loss, or impaired absorption. In addition to fatigue and weakness, symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia may include shortness of breath, headaches, dizziness, pale skin, and brittle nails. Treatment typically involves iron supplementation and addressing the underlying cause of the iron deficiency.

The basilar artery is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the brainstem and cerebellum. It is formed by the union of two vertebral arteries at the lower part of the brainstem, near the junction of the medulla oblongata and pons.

The basilar artery runs upward through the center of the brainstem and divides into two posterior cerebral arteries at the upper part of the brainstem, near the midbrain. The basilar artery gives off several branches that supply blood to various parts of the brainstem, including the pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain, as well as to the cerebellum.

The basilar artery is an important part of the circle of Willis, a network of arteries at the base of the brain that ensures continuous blood flow to the brain even if one of the arteries becomes blocked or narrowed.

Analytical chemistry techniques are a collection of methods and tools used to identify and quantify the chemical composition of matter. These techniques can be used to analyze the presence and amount of various chemicals in a sample, including ions, molecules, and atoms. Some common analytical chemistry techniques include:

1. Spectroscopy: This technique uses the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter to identify and quantify chemical species. There are many different types of spectroscopy, including UV-Vis, infrared (IR), fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
2. Chromatography: This technique separates the components of a mixture based on their physical or chemical properties, such as size, charge, or polarity. Common types of chromatography include gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
3. Mass spectrometry: This technique uses the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify chemical species. It can be used in combination with other techniques, such as GC or LC, to provide structural information about unknown compounds.
4. Electrochemical methods: These techniques use the movement of electrons to measure the concentration of chemical species. Examples include potentiometry, voltammetry, and amperometry.
5. Thermal analysis: This technique uses changes in the physical or chemical properties of a sample as it is heated or cooled to identify and quantify chemical species. Examples include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

These are just a few examples of the many analytical chemistry techniques that are available. Each technique has its own strengths and limitations, and the choice of which to use will depend on the specific needs of the analysis.

"Ice" is a slang term that is commonly used to refer to crystal methamphetamine, which is a powerful and highly addictive stimulant drug. It gets its name from its crystalline appearance. Medically, methamphetamine is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity, but only under strict medical supervision due to its potential for abuse and serious side effects.

Crystal methamphetamine, on the other hand, is an illegal drug that is produced and sold on the black market. It can be smoked, injected, snorted or swallowed, and it produces a euphoric rush followed by a long-lasting high. Long-term use of crystal methamphetamine can lead to serious health consequences, including addiction, psychosis, dental problems (meth mouth), memory loss, aggression, and cardiovascular damage.

Hypochromic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by the presence of red blood cells that have lower than normal levels of hemoglobin and appear paler in color than normal. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. In hypochromic anemia, there may be a decrease in the production or increased destruction of red blood cells, leading to a reduced number of red blood cells and insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues.

Hypochromic anemia can result from various underlying medical conditions, including iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic inflammation, lead poisoning, and certain infections or chronic diseases. Treatment for hypochromic anemia depends on the underlying cause and may include iron supplements, dietary changes, medications, or blood transfusions.

A dissecting aneurysm is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a tear in the inner layer of the artery wall, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the artery wall. This can cause the artery to bulge or balloon out, leading to a dissection aneurysm.

Dissecting aneurysms can occur in any artery, but they are most commonly found in the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. When a dissecting aneurysm occurs in the aorta, it is often referred to as a "dissecting aortic aneurysm."

Dissecting aneurysms can be caused by various factors, including high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries), genetic disorders that affect the connective tissue, trauma, or illegal drug use (such as cocaine).

Symptoms of a dissecting aneurysm may include sudden severe chest or back pain, which can feel like ripping or tearing, shortness of breath, sweating, lightheadedness, or loss of consciousness. If left untreated, a dissecting aneurysm can lead to serious complications, such as rupture of the artery, stroke, or even death.

Treatment for a dissecting aneurysm typically involves surgery or endovascular repair to prevent further damage and reduce the risk of rupture. The specific treatment approach will depend on various factors, including the location and size of the aneurysm, the patient's overall health, and their medical history.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Madagascar" is not a medical term. It is actually the fourth-largest island country in the world, located in the Indian Ocean, off the southeastern coast of Africa. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those!

Aluminum silicates are a type of mineral compound that consist of aluminum, silicon, and oxygen in their chemical structure. They are often found in nature and can be categorized into several groups, including kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and bentonite. These minerals have various industrial and commercial uses, including as fillers and extenders in products like paper, paint, and rubber. In the medical field, certain types of aluminum silicates (like bentonite) have been used in some medicinal and therapeutic applications, such as detoxification and gastrointestinal disorders. However, it's important to note that the use of these minerals in medical treatments is not widely accepted or supported by extensive scientific evidence.

Feeding behavior refers to the various actions and mechanisms involved in the intake of food and nutrition for the purpose of sustaining life, growth, and health. This complex process encompasses a coordinated series of activities, including:

1. Food selection: The identification, pursuit, and acquisition of appropriate food sources based on sensory cues (smell, taste, appearance) and individual preferences.
2. Preparation: The manipulation and processing of food to make it suitable for consumption, such as chewing, grinding, or chopping.
3. Ingestion: The act of transferring food from the oral cavity into the digestive system through swallowing.
4. Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food within the gastrointestinal tract to facilitate nutrient absorption and eliminate waste products.
5. Assimilation: The uptake and utilization of absorbed nutrients by cells and tissues for energy production, growth, repair, and maintenance.
6. Elimination: The removal of undigested material and waste products from the body through defecation.

Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex interplay between neural, hormonal, and psychological factors that help maintain energy balance and ensure adequate nutrient intake. Disruptions in feeding behavior can lead to various medical conditions, such as malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders, and gastrointestinal motility disorders.

Proanthocyanidins are a type of polyphenolic compound that are found in various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and bark. They are also known as condensed tannins or oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs). These compounds are characterized by their ability to form complex structures through the linkage of flavan-3-ol units.

Proanthocyanidins have been studied for their potential health benefits, which may include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective effects. They have also been shown to have a positive impact on collagen stability, which may contribute to their potential role in promoting skin and joint health.

Foods that are rich in proanthocyanidins include grapes (and red wine), berries, apples, cocoa, and green tea. These compounds can be difficult for the body to absorb, but supplements containing standardized extracts of proanthocyanidins are also available.

It's important to note that while proanthocyanidins have shown promise in laboratory and animal studies, more research is needed to fully understand their potential health benefits and safety profile in humans. As with any supplement, it's always a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider before starting to take proanthocyanidins.

Cerebral revascularization is a surgical procedure aimed at restoring blood flow to the brain. This is often performed in cases where there is narrowing or blockage of the cerebral arteries, a condition known as cerebrovascular disease. The most common type of cerebral revascularization is called carotid endarterectomy, which involves removing plaque buildup from the carotid artery in the neck to improve blood flow to the brain. Another type is extracranial-intracranial bypass, where a new connection is created between an external carotid artery and an intracranial artery to bypass a blockage.

Behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on modifying harmful or unhealthy behaviors, thoughts, and emotions by applying learning principles derived from behavioral psychology. The goal of behavior therapy is to reinforce positive behaviors and eliminate negative ones through various techniques such as systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, exposure therapy, and operant conditioning.

Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing the individual to a feared situation or stimulus while teaching them relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety. Aversion therapy aims to associate an undesirable behavior with an unpleasant stimulus to discourage the behavior. Exposure therapy exposes the individual to a feared situation or object in a controlled and safe environment to help them overcome their fear. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment to encourage desirable behaviors and discourage undesirable ones.

Behavior therapy has been found to be effective in treating various mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders, phobias, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. It is often used in combination with other forms of therapy and medication to provide a comprehensive treatment plan for individuals seeking help for mental health concerns.

Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning caused by the accumulation of lead in the body, often over months or years. Even small amounts of lead can cause serious health problems. Children under the age of 6 are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can severely affect mental and physical development.

The primary source of lead exposure is lead-based paint and lead-contaminated dust in older buildings. Lead can also be found in water supplied through lead pipes, soil contaminated by historical industrial activity, air (in certain industries and locations), and some consumer products such as toys, cosmetics, and traditional medicines.

Lead poisoning can cause a wide range of symptoms, including developmental delays, learning difficulties, abdominal pain, irritability, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, constipation, vomiting, and memory or concentration problems. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, coma, and even death.

It's important to note that there is no safe level of lead exposure, and any amount of lead in the body is potentially harmful. If you suspect lead poisoning, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and treatment options.

"Foreign bodies" refer to any object or substance that is not normally present in a particular location within the body. These can range from relatively harmless items such as splinters or pieces of food in the skin or gastrointestinal tract, to more serious objects like bullets or sharp instruments that can cause significant damage and infection.

Foreign bodies can enter the body through various routes, including ingestion, inhalation, injection, or penetrating trauma. The location of the foreign body will determine the potential for harm and the necessary treatment. Some foreign bodies may pass through the body without causing harm, while others may require medical intervention such as removal or surgical extraction.

It is important to seek medical attention if a foreign body is suspected, as untreated foreign bodies can lead to complications such as infection, inflammation, and tissue damage.

The District of Columbia (DC) is a federal district and the capital of the United States. It is not a state, but rather a district that is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress. DC is located between the states of Maryland and Virginia and has a population of approximately 700,000 people.

The medical definition of District of Columbia would not differ from its geographical and political definition. However, it is important to note that DC has its own unique healthcare system and challenges. As a federal district, DC has its own local government, but the U.S. Congress has the authority to review and approve its laws and budget. This can create some challenges in funding and implementing healthcare programs in DC.

DC has a high prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma, and also faces disparities in healthcare access and outcomes among different racial and ethnic groups. The District of Columbia Healthcare Alliance, which is the city's Medicaid program, provides health coverage to low-income residents, including children, pregnant women, and people with disabilities. DC also has a number of safety net hospitals and clinics that provide care to uninsured and underinsured patients.

Xanthones are a type of chemical compound that are found in various plants and fruits. They have a variety of potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Some research suggests that xanthones may help to protect against chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer, but more studies are needed to confirm these effects. Xanthones can be found in small amounts in a variety of foods, including mangosteen fruit, blackberries, and turmeric. They are also available in supplement form.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Chile" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in South America, known for its long and narrow geography, diverse landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

Medically, hair is defined as a threadlike structure that grows from the follicles found in the skin of mammals. It is primarily made up of a protein called keratin and consists of three parts: the medulla (the innermost part or core), the cortex (middle layer containing keratin filaments) and the cuticle (outer layer of overlapping scales).

Hair growth occurs in cycles, with each cycle consisting of a growth phase (anagen), a transitional phase (catagen), and a resting phase (telogen). The length of hair is determined by the duration of the anagen phase.

While hair plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from external factors like UV radiation, temperature changes, and physical damage, it also serves as an essential aspect of human aesthetics and identity.

Rhizobium is not a medical term, but rather a term used in microbiology and agriculture. It refers to a genus of gram-negative bacteria that can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonia, which can then be used by plants as a nutrient. These bacteria live in the root nodules of leguminous plants (such as beans, peas, and clover) and form a symbiotic relationship with them.

The host plant provides Rhizobium with carbon sources and a protected environment within the root nodule, while the bacteria provide the plant with fixed nitrogen. This mutualistic interaction plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility and promoting plant growth.

While Rhizobium itself is not directly related to human health or medicine, understanding its symbiotic relationship with plants can have implications for agricultural practices, sustainable farming, and global food security.

Choice behavior refers to the selection or decision-making process in which an individual consciously or unconsciously chooses one option over others based on their preferences, values, experiences, and motivations. In a medical context, choice behavior may relate to patients' decisions about their healthcare, such as selecting a treatment option, choosing a healthcare provider, or adhering to a prescribed medication regimen. Understanding choice behavior is essential in shaping health policies, developing patient-centered care models, and improving overall health outcomes.

Therapeutic embolization is a medical procedure that involves intentionally blocking or obstructing blood vessels to stop excessive bleeding or block the flow of blood to a tumor or abnormal tissue. This is typically accomplished by injecting small particles, such as microspheres or coils, into the targeted blood vessel through a catheter, which is inserted into a larger blood vessel and guided to the desired location using imaging techniques like X-ray or CT scanning. The goal of therapeutic embolization is to reduce the size of a tumor, control bleeding, or block off abnormal blood vessels that are causing problems.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "birds." Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, and lightweight but strong skeletons. Some birds, such as pigeons and chickens, have been used in medical research, but the term "birds" itself does not have a specific medical definition.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke that results from bleeding into the space surrounding the brain, specifically within the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This space is located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, two of the three layers that make up the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord.

The bleeding typically originates from a ruptured aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of a cerebral artery, or less commonly from arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or head trauma. The sudden influx of blood into the CSF-filled space can cause increased intracranial pressure, irritation to the brain, and vasospasms, leading to further ischemia and potential additional neurological damage.

Symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage may include sudden onset of severe headache (often described as "the worst headache of my life"), neck stiffness, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and improve the chances of recovery.

Pregnancy complications refer to any health problems that arise during pregnancy which can put both the mother and the baby at risk. These complications may occur at any point during the pregnancy, from conception until childbirth. Some common pregnancy complications include:

1. Gestational diabetes: a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before becoming pregnant.
2. Preeclampsia: a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver or kidneys.
3. Placenta previa: a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, which can cause bleeding and may require delivery via cesarean section.
4. Preterm labor: when labor begins before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to premature birth and other complications.
5. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a condition where the fetus does not grow at a normal rate inside the womb.
6. Multiple pregnancies: carrying more than one baby, such as twins or triplets, which can increase the risk of premature labor and other complications.
7. Rh incompatibility: a condition where the mother's blood type is different from the baby's, which can cause anemia and jaundice in the newborn.
8. Pregnancy loss: including miscarriage, stillbirth, or ectopic pregnancy, which can be emotionally devastating for the parents.

It is important to monitor pregnancy closely and seek medical attention promptly if any concerning symptoms arise. With proper care and management, many pregnancy complications can be treated effectively, reducing the risk of harm to both the mother and the baby.

Ferritin is a protein in iron-metabolizing cells that stores iron in a water-soluble form. It is found inside the cells (intracellular) and is released into the bloodstream when the cells break down or die. Measuring the level of ferritin in the blood can help determine the amount of iron stored in the body. High levels of ferritin may indicate hemochromatosis, inflammation, liver disease, or other conditions. Low levels of ferritin may indicate anemia, iron deficiency, or other conditions.

Cerebral infarction, also known as a "stroke" or "brain attack," is the sudden death of brain cells caused by the interruption of their blood supply. It is most commonly caused by a blockage in one of the blood vessels supplying the brain (an ischemic stroke), but can also result from a hemorrhage in or around the brain (a hemorrhagic stroke).

Ischemic strokes occur when a blood clot or other particle blocks a cerebral artery, cutting off blood flow to a part of the brain. The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes nearby brain cells to die. Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a weakened blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding within or around the brain. This bleeding can put pressure on surrounding brain tissues, leading to cell death.

Symptoms of cerebral infarction depend on the location and extent of the affected brain tissue but may include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; loss of balance or coordination; and severe headache with no known cause. Immediate medical attention is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment to minimize potential long-term damage or disability.

Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) is the main oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells, which are responsible for delivering oxygen throughout the body. It is a complex molecule made up of four globin proteins and four heme groups. Each heme group contains an iron atom that binds to one molecule of oxygen. Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues, and also helps to carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

There are several types of hemoglobin present in the human body, including:

* Hemoglobin A (HbA): This is the most common type of hemoglobin, making up about 95-98% of total hemoglobin in adults. It consists of two alpha and two beta globin chains.
* Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2): This makes up about 1.5-3.5% of total hemoglobin in adults. It consists of two alpha and two delta globin chains.
* Hemoglobin F (HbF): This is the main type of hemoglobin present in fetal life, but it persists at low levels in adults. It consists of two alpha and two gamma globin chains.
* Hemoglobin S (HbS): This is an abnormal form of hemoglobin that can cause sickle cell disease when it occurs in the homozygous state (i.e., both copies of the gene are affected). It results from a single amino acid substitution in the beta globin chain.
* Hemoglobin C (HbC): This is another abnormal form of hemoglobin that can cause mild to moderate hemolytic anemia when it occurs in the homozygous state. It results from a different single amino acid substitution in the beta globin chain than HbS.

Abnormal forms of hemoglobin, such as HbS and HbC, can lead to various clinical disorders, including sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies.

Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick, muscular walls that can withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped out of the heart. Arteries branch off into smaller vessels called arterioles, which further divide into a vast network of tiny capillaries where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs between the blood and the body's cells. After passing through the capillary network, deoxygenated blood collects in venules, then merges into veins, which return the blood back to the heart.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Japanese artist known as DJ Pica Pica Pica (DJ 光光光) Pica, Chile, an oasis town in the Atacama Desert of Chile Limón de Pica, a ... Look up pica in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pica or PICA may refer to: Pica (disorder), an abnormal appetite for earth and ... lime variety from Pica Pica, Cumbria, a village in northwest England Pica, Jayuya, Puerto Rico, a barrio Acer PICA, a system ... "pica") OCLC PICA, a library automation company Palestine Jewish Colonization Association, known by its Yiddish acronym as PICA ...
... (or The States Peak) (Catalan: Pica d'Estats, French: Pic d'Estats) is a 3,143-metre-high (10,312 ft) mountain in ...
... is a potent agonist for the CB1 receptor (EC50 = 12 nM) and CB2 receptor (EC50 = 12 nM). 5F-AB-PINACA 5F-ADB 5F-AMB 5F- ...
At the time, OCLC held 60% of the shares in OCLC PICA, while the Pica foundation held 40%. In 2005 OCLC PICA acquired Sisis ... This information is based on a rough translation of the German Wikipedia page 'PICA'.) de:PICA "OCLC and OCLC PICA form one ... In 2007, OCLC acquired the remaining shares of OCLC PICA to become the sole shareholder of OCLC PICA. OCLC PICA / OCLC EMEA ... In December 1997 Pica became part-owned by OCLC, and this was further consolidated in January 2002, at which time OCLC PICA ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cittarium pica. Wikispecies has information related to Cittarium pica. "Cittarium pica ... Weisbord (1962) recombined it as Livona pica, and it was finally recombined as Cittarium pica by Philippi (1847), Rosenberg ( ... Cittarium pica, common name the West Indian top shell or magpie shell, is a species of large edible sea snail, a marine ... Cittarium pica is within the clade Vetigastropoda. The vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living neo- ...
Pica Oasis Street Vendor Street vendor selling locally-grown citrus. Pica's main plaza Local architecture "Municipality of Pica ... As in many oases one of the biggest challenges for farmers in Pica is the scarcity of water. Most of the farmers in Pica own ... Limón de Pica have had an appellation since 2010. According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Pica has ... Bird mummies of pre-Hispanic origin have been found next to Pica. Pica gained prominence over the course of the 17th, 18th and ...
... is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conus pica. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ... 81: 1-23 To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection To World Register of Marine Species "Graphiconus pica". Gastropods. ... Bouchet, P. (2011). Conus pica A. Adams & Reeve, 1848. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www. ...
... pica Amblyptilia pica calisequoiae (Lange, 1950) Amblyptilia pica marina (Lange, 1950) Amblyptilia pica ... Amblyptilia pica crataea (T. B. Fletcher, 1940) "460051.00 - 6118 - Amblyptilia pica - Geranium Plume Moth - (Walsingham, 1880 ... Amblyptilia pica, the geranium plume moth, is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. The species was first described by Baron ... Robinson, E.; Macaulay, D. A. & Anweiler, G. G. "Species Details Amblyptilia pica". University of Alberta Museums. E.H. ...
The specific name Cuvier gave this taxon, pica, means "magpie", as in the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), a reference to the black ... Plectorhinchus pica was first formally described as Diagramma pica in 1828 by the French zoologist George's Cuvier with no type ... to refer to his Diagramma pica. Plectorhinchus pica can be abundant in parts of its range, and is commercially fished using ... Plectorhinchus pica has fleshy lips which swell with age. There are 6 pores on its chin bit there is no median pit. The dorsal ...
"Pica é reforço" [Pica is addition]. Record (in Portuguese). 27 June 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2022. João Pica at ForaDeJogo ... "Petit estreia Pica e Jaquité na receção ao Vitória de Setúbal" [Petit hands debuts to Pica and Jaquité in reception to Vitória ... "João Pica renova por mais um ano" [João Pica renews for one more year]. Record (in Portuguese). 11 June 2015. Retrieved 13 ... "Reforço Pica estreia-se nos convocados" [Addition Pica makes squad for the first time]. Record (in Portuguese). 8 January 2011 ...
"FMP 1050 Pica pica". EFI. Retrieved January 18, 2023. "Atavistic Unheard Music Series UMS/ALP258CD Pica Pica". EFI. Retrieved ... "Peter Brötzmann: Pica Pica". AllMusic. Retrieved January 18, 2023. "Peter Brötzmann - Pica Pica". Jazz Music Archives. ... Alarm And Pica Pica". All About Jazz. Retrieved January 18, 2023. Waxman, Ken (November 14, 2006). "Pica Pica". JazzWord. ... Pica Pica is a live album by saxophonist Peter Brötzmann, trombonist Albert Mangelsdorff, and drummer Günter Sommer. It was ...
... pica (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) Eucereon pica tigrata (Herrich-Schäffer, [1855]) (Costa Rica, Peru) Savela, Markku ... Eucereon pica is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in Costa Rica, Peru ... "Galethalea pica (Walker, 1855)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved February 5, 2018. Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, ...
A native of New Jersey, Joseph Pica was the son of James Pica, a tailor, who had immigrated from Italy in 1899, and his wife ... Pica had his own radio show on WAAT in Newark. To promote The Jolson Story (1946), a theater owner in Newark hired Pica to play ... To me Joe Pica was the best piano player and Terry Amadio was the very best female singer in my, D. Tony Ciaramella, lifetime ... In the 1950s, Pica recorded more than a dozen singles and at least one album, all issued by either Original Records or Bergen ...
... (Spanish: acuífero de Pica) located in Tarapacá Region of northern Chile is one of the most important aquifers of ... It is not known if the waters of Pica Aquifer flow into Pampa del Tamarugal Aquifer as these two aquifers are separated by the ... The water of the aquifer is tapped by a system of underground aqueducts known as puquios to irrigate the oases of Pica and ... The recharge zone of Pica Aquifer is estimated to lie between ~3,000 and 4,000 meters above sea level. As nearby oasis Puquio ...
... at IMDb v t e (CS1 Italian-language sources (it), Articles with short description, Short description is different ... Tina Pica (31 March 1884 - 15 August 1968) was an Italian supporting actress who played character roles on stage. Her film ... "1955: Nastro d'argento a Tina Pica, regina del cinema -". Rai Teche (in Italian). 30 March 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2022. ... as Donna Sabella La Pica sul Pacifico (1959) as Adelaide Harold La sceriffa (1960) as Carmela Esposito Che femmina!! E... che ...
Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Pica Serrano (21 March 1933 - 26 April 2014) was a Spanish actor. Pica died on 26 April 2014 ... "Fallece el actor Antonio Pica, un secundario de lujo". La Voz Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 April 2014. Antonio Pica at ...
Pica can also be found in animals such as dogs and cats. Pica is the consumption of substances with no significant nutritional ... In such instances, pica should not be noted as an additional diagnosis. Treatment for pica may vary by patient and suspected ... Pica New York Times Health Guide "Mental Health and Pica". WebMD. Retrieved 2019-03-16. Spitzer, Robert L. Diagnostic and ... No single test confirms pica, but because pica can occur in people who have lower than normal nutrient levels and poor ...
499-503 Pierre Pica website Page of Pierre Pica on the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico website ( ... Pica has concentrated his research on the notion of parameters in linguistic. He has also shown that the respective properties ... Pierre Pica (born January 5, 1951), is a research associate (Chargé de Recherche) at the National Center for Scientific ... Pierre Pica, (1987), "On the Nature of the Reflexivization Cycle", Proceedings of the North Eastern Linguistic Society 17, 2 ( ...
... is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails. ... Strigatella pica (Dillwyn, 1817). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 December 2018. v t e (Articles with ...
... is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is endemic to South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia. ...
Pica is a genus of seven species of birds in the family Corvidae in both the New World and the Old. Pica have long tails and ... The genus contains seven living species: Two prehistoric species of Pica are currently known: Pica mourerae, from fossils found ... The genus Pica was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. He derived the name by tautonymy from ... Pica is the Latin word for the Eurasian magpie. In 2018, a molecular phylogenetic study found that the Eurasian magpie ...
Fauna Europaea Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blastobasis pica. Wikispecies has information related to Blastobasis pica ... Blastobasis pica is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found on Madeira. ...
"Sandra Pica". FórmulaTV (in Spanish). Redacción (7 October 2021). "Descubierto el secreto de Sandra Pica en 'Secret Story', con ... Sandra González Pica (Barcelona, August 16, 1998), better known as Sandra Pica, is a Spanish media personality, fashion ... "Sandra Pica pone fin a su relación con Tom Brusse y él llora "Estoy loco por ti"". Telecinco (in Spanish). 12 May 2021. "Sandra ... Sandra Pica went to the University of Barcelona and studied fashion design while also appearing on TV. Her first appearance on ...
One pica is further divided into 12 points. In printing, three pica measures are used: The French pica of 12 Didot points (also ... In TeX one pica is 400⁄2,409 of an inch. The contemporary computer PostScript pica is exactly 1⁄6 of an inch or 1⁄72 of a foot ... The typographic pica should not be confused with the Pica font of the typewriters, which means a font where 10 typed characters ... Publishing applications such as Adobe InDesign and QuarkXPress represent pica measurements with whole-number picas left of a ...
... is a species of midge in the family Chironomidae. "Omisus pica Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. ... "Omisus pica". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-09-23. "Omisus pica species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-09-23. "The ...
Geography of the North Cascades Pica in upper left corner Pica Peak at left edge, from North Cascades Highway "Pica Peak". ... Pica Peak is a 7,565-foot (2,306-metre) summit located in the Methow Mountains, a subset of the North Cascades, on the shared ... Pica Peak is situated 1.7 mi (2.7 km) southeast of Washington Pass, within the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest ... "Pica Peak" - 7,565' WA". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2020-08-01. Beckey, Fred W. (2009). Cascade Alpine Guide: climbing and high ...
... , and 5-Fluoro-CUMYL-PICA". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 365 (2): 437-446. doi:10.1124/ ... CUMYL-PICA, and 5F-CUMYL-PICA". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 11 (21): 3672-3682. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00591. PMID 33054155 ... CUMYL-PICA acts as an agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 59.21 nM at CB1 and 136.38 nM at CB2 and EC50 ... CUMYL-PICA (SGT-56) is an indole-3-carboxamide based synthetic cannabinoid. It is the α,α-dimethylbenzyl analogue of SDB-006. ...
... pica". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 15 January 2019. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clavus pica. (Articles with short ... Clavus pica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae. The size of an adult shell varies ... Clavus pica (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 21 September 2011. G.W. Tryon, Manual of ... VI p. 190; 1884 (described as Drillia pica) Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). ...
... is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit ... WoRMS (2012). Diodora pica (G.B. Sowerby, 1835). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...
... is a segment in the Central Volcanic Zone of Chile where volcanic activity is absent. It is named after the Altos de ... It is unclear if the subduction of this rise is the cause for the lack of recent volcanism in the Pica gap. The lack of ... Geologically, the Pica gap lies between two crustal domains which are defined by their divergent lead isotope ratios, the ... Other phenomena which coincide with the Pica gap are the absence of tectonic horsts west of the Andes, an area where a zone of ...
Japanese artist known as DJ Pica Pica Pica (DJ 光光光) Pica, Chile, an oasis town in the Atacama Desert of Chile Limón de Pica, a ... Look up pica in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pica or PICA may refer to: Pica (disorder), an abnormal appetite for earth and ... lime variety from Pica Pica, Cumbria, a village in northwest England Pica, Jayuya, Puerto Rico, a barrio Acer PICA, a system ... "pica") OCLC PICA, a library automation company Palestine Jewish Colonization Association, known by its Yiddish acronym as PICA ...
Pica is a playground where errors are encourage and boundaries pushed.-Pica est un projet étudiant qui célèbre la vitalité de ... Pica est un terrain dapprentissage où lerreur est valorisée et les barrières sont repoussées. ... Pica is a student-run project that celebrates the vitality of UQAMs multidisciplinary artistic community and encourages hybrid ... Pica is a playground where errors are encourage and boundaries pushed.. -. Pica est un projet étudiant qui célèbre la vitalité ...
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Pica is an eating disorder typically defined as the persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances for at least 1 month at an ... Pica is common in young pregnant women. [3] The onset of pica frequently occurs during their first pregnancy in late ... Pica occurs throughout the world. Geophagia (deliberate consumption of earth, soil, or clay) is the most common form of pica in ... Pica is reported most commonly in children, and typically occurs with equal frequency in boys and girls. Pica is most ...
At PICA we recognise that we are situated on the lands of the Whadjuk people of the Noongar nation and pay our respects to ... Hannah Mathews, PICA Director/Chief Executive Officer, will welcome guests at 5.30pm, and introduce our artist Sancintya Mohini ... We look forward to welcoming you to PICA from 5pm on Thursday 3 August 2023. ...
Summary Report for the ATSDR Soil-Pica Workshop, June 2000, Atlanta, Georgia. ... the prevalence of soil-pica behavior, ingestion rates for soil-pica, means for identifying people with soil-pica behavior, and ... 4.0 Topic #2: Ingestion Rates for Soil-Pica *4.1 Ingestion Rates for an Incident of Soil-pica ... The panelists thought that soil-pica among adults was probably rare. Given anecdotal accounts of soil-pica adults, the ...
Children with this Eating Disorder eat non-food materials.
... nearly half engaged in pica -- the craving and intentional consumption of ice, cornstarch, vacuum dust, baby powder and soap, ... "The public health importance of pica really needs to be acknowledged," said Young. "My hope is that these studies put pica on ... Pica in pregnant teens linked to low iron. Date:. August 20, 2014. Source:. Cornell University. Summary:. In a study of 158 ... "Pica in pregnant teens linked to low iron." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. releases. /. 2014. /. 08. /. 140820164026. ...
At PICA we recognise that we are situated on the lands of the Whadjuk people of the Noongar nation and pay our respects to ...
Pica is a disorder that is related to eating. A person suffering from this disorder is compelled to eat things or substances ... Pica is a disorder that is related to eating. A person suffering from this disorder is compelled to eat things or substances ... In elders, a person would be diagnosed as suffering from Pica if the compulsion to eat the non-food items lasts for over a ... Therefore, if a person has had no health related problem for years, the existence of Pica will not be known. In order to treat ...
List of John Benjamins publications for which Pierre Pica plays a role ... Pica, Pierre, Johan Rooryck and Jeroen van Craenenbroeck 2006 Introduction Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2006, Pica, Pierre (ed ... Pica, Pierre and Johan Rooryck 2002 Introduction Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2002, Pica, Pierre (ed.), pp. 1-3 ... Pica, Pierre 2001 Introduction Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2001, Pica, Pierre (ed.), pp. v-xiii ...
INLENIA pica is the compact and flexible solution, guaranteeing you a smooth transfer to the INLENIA kila high volume ... INLENIA pica. 4 - 5 batches per day. typical process time 4 - 5 hours ... INLENIA pica is the right system for your needs. You are free to develop the next coating solution or to customise our coatings ...
... by spiritgreen https://shirt.woot.com/offers/no-pic-a-nics $19.00 In Stock Apparel & Accessories $19.00 USD false ...
Pica cravings are not common but they occur enough to not be isolated events. Learn about common and weird cravings, and risks ... Most pregnancy and pica-related cravings involve non-food substances such as dirt or chalk. The word pica is Latin for magpie ... What Causes Pica in Pregnancy?. The reason that some women develop pica cravings during pregnancy is not known for certain. ... Pica cravings are most commonly seen in children and occur in approximately 25-30% of all children; pica cravings in pregnant ...
Pica encompasses a wide variety of populations including toddlers who eat paint chips, pregnant women who consume starch and ... Pica may be caused by poor nutrition, mineral deficiencies, or psychosocial deprivation. The condition is very responsive to ... Pica is the persistent (more than 1 month) ingestion of nonnutritive substances inappropriate for developmental age and ...
... never miss a post from the blog Corazón de pica pica . ... Subscribe to Corazón de pica pica Get updates delivered right ...
Buy assorted Pica Powders at MexGrocer.com for a selection of mexican candy. ... Dulces Anahuac - Pica Limon - Limon 7 - Chipileta. Assorted Pica Powders (7 oz) - DISCONTINUED - 100 ct100 ct. Anahuac. Rate ... Assorted Pica Powders (7 oz) 100 ct. Assorted Pica Powders is a fun pack with assorted candy powder that comes with 4 delicious ... If you love a mixture of sweet, sour and tangy in your candy, than Assorted Pica Powders is what youre looking for. Pica ...
PICA) is Vancouvers most progressive centre for culinary and baking & pastry arts education. Since 1997 our accredited ... Students who viewed Pacific Institute of Culinary Arts (PICA) also viewed: George Brown College Algonquin College LaSalle ...
Picas Pizza in Upper Darby is celebrating its 60th anniversary in that location. Tina Fey loves their pizza. ... Picas owner Frank Pica Jr. told us that people were driving from as far as Virginia just to try his pizza after the episode ... And theres another Picas on the way. The family plans to open a virtually identical Picas at 1231 West Chester Pike in West ... got to know Picas in 2014 when Upper Darby native Tina Fey chowed down on Picas pizza on his show. ...
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Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica pica) 0:39. James Lambert. 2023-06-21. 06:33. United Kingdom. London Borough of Richmond upon Thames ... Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica) 0:17. Jorge Leitão. 2023-09-09. 18:37. Portugal. Praia Norte, Viana do Castelo 0. call [also] [sono ... Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica) 0:41. Joost van Bruggen. 2023-05-17. 06:05. Netherlands. Ida Gerhard 10. alarm call [also] [sono] ... Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica) 0:30. Uku Paal. 2023-06-25. 06:00. Estonia. Tori, Tori Parish, Pärnu maakond 20. call Same as ...
Research suggests that pica affects between 6-25% of people with IDD. In this chapter excerpt, read about how to treat the ... Pica is an eating disorder in which a person repeatedly consumes nonnutritive items, such as dirt or paint. ...
Pica is a mental health condition where people compulsively swallow non-food items. Swallowing hazardous items makes this ... This means pica isnt happening because of any other conditions.. Reasons to not diagnose pica. While pica is an extremely ... Who does pica affect?. Pica can happen to anyone at any age but tends to happen in three specific groups of people:. *Young ... How is pica treated, and is there a cure?. Pica in people who are pregnant usually goes away on its own. Children also usually ...
Website © 2005-2023 Xeno-canto Foundation Recordings © the recordist. See recording details for license information. Sonogram images © Xeno-canto Foundation. Sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict. Terms of use. Credits. ...
... is pica. Pica is a disorder that leads dogs to consume inedible objects, and it can have a serious impact on the health and ... In this article, well be looking at the symptoms and causes of pica in dogs, as well as some of the possible treatments. Well ... By the end of this article, youll have a better understanding of how pica affects dogs and what you can do to help. ... If youre a dog owner, its important to understand how pica affects dogs, and how you can help manage the disorder. ...
In Pic-a-Pix Pieces, large pictures have been split into a number of smaller pieces. Each piece is a puzzle grid, and by ... Pic-a-Pix is a picture logic game, sometimes known as Picross, Nonogram or Hanjie, where whimsical pixel-art pictures are ...
You are welcome to post thumbs of your Typographic Art or Designs and get instant feedback on your work. I will be there in dAmn with fellow CVs, but everyone is welcome to join and leave feedback ...
Last years The Rig-Out was the first step, and now theyve launched a new publication Pica-Post that mixes a catalogue of some ...
Keeping true to Dan and Robs original vision for "Pica", Ben selects portions of sounds from the tracks disco vérité to ... Just as Lazyboy intended, Mojo Filter realizes the purpose of "Pica Disco" as a track that sounds best suited for rural ... Lastly, tell us about the electric bass and synth textures of "Pica Disco" and the remixes. ... "Pica Disco", and today we are pleased to present the Mojo Filter remix debut of the single. Maybe without even knowing it, you ...
  • An Eurasian magpie ( Pica pica ) makes unusual clicking sounds. (xeno-canto.org)
  • Pronounced "PIKE-ah," pica gets its name from a bird species, the Eurasian magpie (the formal Latin name for that species is Pica pica). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In the study, pica behaviors and iron deficiency increased over the course of the pregnancies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Of the nearly 47 percent of adolescents who reported pica behaviors, most - 82 percent - craved ice, followed by starches, powders, soap, paper, plastic foam such as pillow stuffing or sponges, baking soda, and a few other items. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Certain types of pica are common, socially accepted behaviors in certain cultures and religions. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Results: The articles analyzed were divided between eating disorders, i.e., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorders and pica, and were separated according to the content described. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most pregnancy and pica-related cravings involve non-food substances such as dirt or chalk. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • pica cravings in pregnant women are even less common. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • The reason that some women develop pica cravings during pregnancy is not known for certain. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • Some speculate that pica cravings are the body's attempt to obtain vitamins or minerals that are missing through normal food consumption. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • Sometimes pica cravings may be related to an underlying physical or mental illness. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • Pica cravings are also a concern because non-food items may contain toxic or parasitic ingredients. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • We look forward to welcoming you to PICA from 5pm on Thursday 3 August 2023. (pica.org.au)
  • Pica is an eating disorder typically defined as the persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances for at least 1 month at an age for which this behavior is developmentally inappropriate. (medscape.com)
  • Pica is typically defined as persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances for at least 1 month at an age for which this behavior is developmentally inappropriate, and the behavior must not be part of a culturally sanctioned practice. (medscape.com)
  • Ten expert panelists reviewed and discussed the state of the science on soil-pica behavior--an issue that is relevant to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) ongoing work at sites with human exposures to contaminated soils. (cdc.gov)
  • During a 2-day workshop in June 2000, in Atlanta, Georgia, the panelists thoroughly discussed and debated the prevalence of soil-pica behavior, ingestion rates for soil-pica, means for identifying people with soil-pica behavior, and additional topics. (cdc.gov)
  • An overview of the panelists' discussion that led to these findings and recommendations for evaluating soil-pica behavior is documented throughout this report. (cdc.gov)
  • Groups at risk of soil-pica behavior include children aged 6 years and younger and individuals who are developmentally delayed. (cdc.gov)
  • Even with a definition of soil-pica, the panelists found it difficult to determine the prevalence of this behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • Nonetheless, noting that soil ingestion is normal behavior among children, the panelists unanimously agreed that ATSDR should continue to evaluate the public health implications of all types of soil ingestion, including soil-pica. (cdc.gov)
  • The panelists agreed that the existing soil ingestion studies--nearly all of which evaluated children's behavior for durations of 2 weeks or shorter--are inadequate for determining the frequency of, and seasonal variations in, soil-pica. (cdc.gov)
  • Given anecdotal accounts of soil-pica adults, the panelists suggested that ATSDR consider the possibility that this behavior occurs, perhaps by conducting surveys or availability sessions with communities. (cdc.gov)
  • However, it is sometimes unclear from anecdotal accounts whether the behavior reported was soil-pica or geophagy. (cdc.gov)
  • For people who eat things like ice - a common behavior for someone who is pregnant - pica is harmless. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Anywhere from 6 to 26% of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) may engage in pica, and the behavior is more likely if the individual is diagnosed with autism or has more significant intellectual disabilities. (kennedykrieger.org)
  • 1999). A descriptive study of pica behavior in persons with mental retardation . (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Objective: To present a review of the literature on the presence of eating disorders and pica in pregnant women. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pica encompasses a wide variety of populations including toddlers who eat paint chips, pregnant women who consume starch and clay (the two largest groups), severely retarded children and adults who eat feces, and anxious adults who chew fingernails or pencils. (health.am)
  • Pregnant teens, regardless of pica, are at higher risk for low hemoglobin, which can lead to iron deficiency and anemia. (sciencedaily.com)
  • mia and G6PD deficiency, signs and and haemolytic anaemia and is the symptoms of iron-deficiency anaemia result of a decrease in haemoglobin Sample and anaemia, such as pica, agitation, (Hb)F synthesis during the first year This cross-sectional study was conduct- anorexia and pale conjunctiva, and of life ( 3 ). (who.int)
  • 2002). Varying response effort in the treatment of pica maintained by automatic reinforcement . (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Pica, Pierre and Johan Rooryck 1999 Configurational Attitudes Semantic Issues in Romance Syntax , Treviño, Esthela and José Lema (eds. (benjamins.com)
  • 1999). Multicomponent assessment and treatment of cigarette pica . (kennedykrieger.org)
  • After lengthy discussions, the panelists noted that ATSDR's assumption that soil-pica children ingest 5,000 milligrams (mg) of soil per day appears to be supported by only a few subjects in soil ingestion studies (i.e., two children in Massachusetts and several children in Jamaica). (cdc.gov)
  • Cite this: Giant PICA Aneurysm - Medscape - Nov 01, 2007. (medscape.com)
  • To that end, PICA created a strong network made up of zoological institutions within BIAZA and worldwide and connected them with conservation efforts for the species in the wild, most notably through the Small Grant Programme that awarded funds received from supporting zoos directly to field projects across the species' range. (biaza.org.uk)
  • The PICA project is an example of a successful collaboration for conservation that demonstrated how, using species in our care as 'ambassadors', expertise and resources from zoological community can make a direct impact on conservation efforts in the wild. (biaza.org.uk)
  • The work of PICA has been instrumental in raising the profile of Pallas's cat and enhancing the collaborative and global conservation efforts for the species. (biaza.org.uk)
  • In a study of 158 pregnant teenagers in Rochester, NY, nearly half engaged in pica -- the craving and intentional consumption of ice, cornstarch, vacuum dust, baby powder and soap, and other nonfood items, reports a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Pica is generally defined as the consumption of nonnutritive items, which is inappropriate for developmental age, continues for more than a month, and is not part of a culturally sanctioned practice. (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Pica is the persistent (more than 1 month) ingestion of nonnutritive substances inappropriate for developmental age and unacceptable as cultural practice. (health.am)
  • Currently, behavioral strategies are considered the most effective in the treatment of pica. (medscape.com)
  • Some evidence suggests that drugs that enhance dopaminergic functioning (eg, olanzapine) may provide treatment alternatives in individuals with pica that is refractory to behavioral intervention. (medscape.com)
  • Behavioral interventions have been shown to be effective at reducing pica by individuals with intellectual disabilities. (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Pica is an eating disorder where a person compulsively eats things that aren't food and don't have any nutritional value or purpose. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Pica can have a wide range of effects depending on what non-food item(s) a person eats. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Depending on what the individual eats, pica can be quite dangerous and lead to infection, blockage, breaks or holes in the stomach or intestine, and choking. (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Health problems such as intestines getting blocked, a tear appearing in the intestine, poisoning, injury to the teeth, and infection are some of the indicators of Pica. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • The word pica is Latin for magpie which is a bird notorious for eating almost anything. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • Research suggests that pica affects between 6-25% of people with IDD. (brookespublishing.com)
  • If you're a dog owner, it's important to understand how pica affects dogs, and how you can help manage the disorder. (bullwrinkle.com)
  • By the end of this article, you'll have a better understanding of how pica affects dogs and what you can do to help. (bullwrinkle.com)
  • Pica is an eating disorder in which a person repeatedly consumes nonnutritive items, such as dirt or paint. (brookespublishing.com)
  • Individuals with ID have been reported to engage in pica with many different types of items including cigarette butts, paper, paint chips, rocks, sticks, and dirt, just to name a few. (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Pica is an eating disorder that causes you to eat things that aren't food, like paper, clay, paint chips, dirt, or hair. (msdmanuals.com)
  • What are the symptoms of pica? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • However, pica can cause other conditions or issues, which have their own sets of symptoms. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In this article, we'll be looking at the symptoms and causes of pica in dogs, as well as some of the possible treatments. (bullwrinkle.com)
  • Diagnosis of pica can be made clinically based on history. (medscape.com)
  • Neither examination was reviewed by a neuroradiologist until an intraoperative consult was given, at which time a correct diagnosis of giant posterior-inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm was made. (medscape.com)
  • How common is pica? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Pica is a relatively common condition, but experts aren't sure exactly how common it is. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Pica is more common in children living in low socioeconomic situations (such as poverty), but why this happens is unknown. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Dogs can suffer from a variety of health problems, and one of the least common, yet most concerning, is pica. (bullwrinkle.com)
  • Pica is a disorder that leads dogs to consume inedible objects, and it can have a serious impact on the health and wellbeing of our furry friends. (bullwrinkle.com)
  • 2006). Reducing pica by teaching children to exchange inedible items for edibles . (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Pica originally struggled to convert his suburban Philadelphia break/fix shop into an MSP. (thomasnet.com)
  • No one has the reputation and the background of Gary Pica or has the ability to motivate and guide IT service providers to transform their businesses, convert their ideas into results, and reach their full potential as managed service providers," said ConnectWise CEO Arnie Bellini. (thomasnet.com)
  • The clinical presentation of pica is highly variable and is associated with the specific nature of the resulting medical conditions and the ingested substances. (medscape.com)
  • Texture appears to be very important to those engaged in pica and is one commonality among the types of substances consumed. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Pica is the practice of craving substances with little or no nutritional value. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • My hope is that these studies put pica on the radar as a legitimate public health issue. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Late to the Lazyboy party, the UK duo project from the crafty sensibilities of Dan Carey and Rob Da Bank flashed on our radar the other week with, " Pica Disco ", and today we are pleased to present the Mojo Filter remix debut of the single. (imposemagazine.com)
  • Referring to the soil ingestion rates presented in the literature, as summarized in EPA's Exposure Factors Handbook , some panelists thought that ATSDR's assumed ingestion rate for soil-pica children was high. (cdc.gov)
  • Pica isn't diagnosed in children younger than 2 years old. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Other causes that might lead to Pica are poor eating habits, non-availability of food, mental disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Pica is a mental health condition where a person compulsively swallows non-food items. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The panelists thought that soil-pica among adults was probably rare. (cdc.gov)
  • In other words, pica involves eating items that are not food for at least one month, and the individual must be "too old" to be putting things into their mouth (i.e., individuals over the age of 2 years). (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Pica Powders come individually packaged in small packets, so you can eat them straight from the packets or sprinkle it on your favorites snacks. (mexgrocer.com)
  • Assorted Pica Powders is a fun pack with assorted candy powder that comes with 4 delicious flavors. (mexgrocer.com)
  • If you love a mixture of sweet, sour and tangy in your candy, than Assorted Pica Powders is what you're looking for. (mexgrocer.com)
  • Since 1966, the PICA Awards have been the premier symbol of excellence for the graphics industry in the Carolinas. (picanet.org)
  • At PICA we recognise that we are situated on the lands of the Whadjuk people of the Noongar nation and pay our respects to Elders past, present and those emerging in community. (pica.org.au)
  • Pica's owner Frank Pica Jr. told us that people were driving from as far as Virginia just to try his pizza after the episode aired. (phillymag.com)
  • People with pica often feel embarrassed or ashamed about this condition. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Pica might be an outlet or coping mechanism for people with these issues. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In rare cases, people who engage in pica may not be getting enough of certain minerals in their diet, such as iron. (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Most things that people with pica eat aren't really harmful. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pica isn't diagnosed in such people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In elders, a person would be diagnosed as suffering from Pica if the compulsion to eat the 'non-food' items lasts for over a month. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • While it's often harmless, swallowing certain items can make pica very hazardous. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Last year's The Rig-Out was the first step, and now they've launched a new publication Pica-Post that mixes a catalogue of some of their best in-store items with a few articles of interest on surfboards and Buffalo Bill. (thefader.com)
  • If you've been eating items that aren't food for 1 month or more, doctors may diagnose pica. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pica may be caused by poor nutrition, mineral deficiencies, or psychosocial deprivation. (health.am)
  • However, even in these cases, once the mineral problem is fixed, pica often continues and requires additional treatment. (kennedykrieger.org)
  • Depending on when and why a person does this, pica can be normal, expected and harmless. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • No medical treatment is specific for pica. (medscape.com)
  • 2009). Treatment of pica using a pica exchange procedure with increasing response effort. (kennedykrieger.org)
  • 2001). Response blocking with and without redirection for the treatment of pica . (kennedykrieger.org)