Placenta previa. Medical search. Web

Abnormal placentation in which the PLACENTA implants in the lower segment of the UTERUS (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the CERVIX. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and PREMATURE LABOR.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

Abnormal placentation in which all or parts of the PLACENTA are attached directly to the MYOMETRIUM due to a complete or partial absence of DECIDUA. It is associated with POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE because of the failure of placental separation.

Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.

Monitoring of FETAL HEART frequency before birth in order to assess impending prematurity in relation to the pattern or intensity of antepartum UTERINE CONTRACTION.

Pregnancy complication where fetal blood vessels, normally inside the umbilical cord, are left unprotected and cross FETAL MEMBRANES. It is associated with antepartum bleeding and FETAL DEATH and STILLBIRTH due to exsanguination.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The middle third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation.

The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.

Extraction of the fetus by abdominal hysterotomy anytime following a previous cesarean.

Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.

Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).

The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation.

Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.

Dilatation of the cervix uteri followed by a scraping of the endometrium with a curette.

The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

A method of stopping internal bleeding or blood flow, or the closure of a wound or body cavity, achieved by applying pressure or introducing an absorbent liquid, gel, or tampon.

The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.

Pregnancy in which the mother and/or FETUS are at greater than normal risk of MORBIDITY or MORTALITY. Causes include inadequate PRENATAL CARE, previous obstetrical history (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS), pre-existing maternal disease, pregnancy-induced disease (GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION), and MULTIPLE PREGNANCY, as well as advanced maternal age above 35.

Excision of the uterus.

CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).

The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

The beginning third of a human PREGNANCY, from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (MENSTRUATION) through the completion of 14 weeks (98 days) of gestation.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.

Maternal placental abnormality and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. (1/80)

To determine whether placental abnormality (placental abruption or placental previa) during pregnancy predisposes an infant to a high risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the authors conducted a population-based case-control study using 1989-1991 California linked birth and death certificate data. They identified 2,107 SIDS cases, 96% of whom were diagnosed through autopsy. Ten controls were randomly selected for each case from the same linked birth-death certificate data, matched to the case on year of birth. About 1.4% of mothers of cases and 0.7% of mothers of controls had either placental abruption or placenta previa during the index pregnancy. After adjustment for potential confounders, placental abnormality during pregnancy was associated with a twofold increase in the risk of SIDS in offspring (odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.1). The individual effects of placental abruption and placenta previa on the risk of SIDS did not differ significantly. An impaired fetal development due to placental abnormality may predispose an infant to a high risk of SIDS. (+info)

Placenta previa: preponderance of male sex at birth. (2/80)

To determine the relation between placenta previa and male sex at birth, the authors conducted two types of analysis: 1) a historical cohort analysis of singleton live births in New Jersey hospitals during 1989-1992 (N = 447,963); and 2) a meta-analysis of previously published studies on the subject. For the cohort analysis, subject mother-infant dyads were identified from linked birth certificate and maternal and infant hospital claims data. The infant's sex for mothers with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, code of 641.0-641.1 for placenta previa (n = 2,685) was compared with infant's sex for mothers without placenta previa (n = 445,270). For the meta-analysis, seven published articles were located and summary effects were calculated using both fixed-effect and random-effects models. In the present cohort study, the male:female ratio at birth was significantly higher in women with placenta previa (1.19) than in those without placenta previa (1.05) (p<0.001). The association of placenta previa with male sex persisted when the analysis was either stratified or adjusted for the effects of maternal age, maternal parity, maternal smoking during the index pregnancy, race/ethnicity, the infant's gestational age, and the infant's birth weight. The meta-analytic results from the fixed-effect and random-effects models showed a 14% excess of placenta previa when women were carrying a viable male fetus as compared with a viable female fetus during pregnancy. The results were the same regardless of whether the present cohort study was included in the meta-analysis. In conclusion, the evidence obtained from these analyses strongly argues for an association between placenta previa and male sex at birth. The mechanism for this association remains to be determined. (+info)

Prenatal diagnosis of placenta previa accreta by transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound. (3/80)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing placenta previa accreta. DESIGN: Eighty patients with persistent placenta previa underwent transabdominal B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound evaluation in the second and third trimesters because they had a high risk of placenta accreta. Color Doppler imaging criteria used included diffuse intraparenchymal placental lacunar flow; focal intraparenchymal placental lacunar flow; bladder-uterine serosa interphase hypervascularity; prominent subplacental venous complex; and loss of subplacental Doppler vascular signals. The color Doppler images were interpreted prospectively for signs of placenta previa accreta according to the exhibited color Doppler sonographic features. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 80 patients exhibited characteristic color Doppler imaging patterns highly specific for placenta accreta according to the preceding criteria, and 14 of these had histopathological proof of placenta accreta. Two patients had false-positive color Doppler imaging evidence mistaken for interphase hypervascularity caused by bladder varices. Thirteen patients underwent hysterectomy in the group suspicious for accreta. Of the 64 patients with negative color Doppler imaging results, three had placenta accreta, while two required cesarean hysterectomy; the remaining patient underwent uterine artery ligation for bleeding from the lower uterine segment. The sensitivity of color Doppler imaging in the diagnosis of placenta previa accreta was 82.4% (14/17) and the specificity was 96.8% (61/63). The positive and negative predictive values were 87.5% (14/16) and 95.3% (61/64), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Variable vascular morphological patterns of placenta previa accreta were exhibited and categorized by transabdominal color Doppler sonography in the antenatal period. The identification of these specific vascular patterns had a positive impact on the peripartum clinical management of the affected patients. (+info)

Caesarean section for placenta praevia: a retrospective study of anaesthetic management. (4/80)

A retrospective survey of anaesthesia for Caesarean section (CS) for placenta praevia was performed, covering the period between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1998. Three hundred and fifty consecutive cases of placenta praevia were identified. Overall a regional technique was used 60% of the time. Five women had a placenta accreta which required Caesarean hysterectomy: one had general anaesthesia (GA) throughout and four initially received a single-shot spinal injection. Of these latter four cases, two were converted to GA during the hysterectomy and two continued with spinal anaesthesia throughout. Two other women (both GA), suffered postoperative thrombotic episodes (one pulmonary embolus and one cerebral thrombosis) but made full recoveries. Control of blood pressure when using regional anaesthesia (RA), even in the presence of considerable haemorrhage, was not a problem. Statistical regression models indicated that RA was associated with a significantly reduced estimated blood loss and reduced need for blood transfusion. This retrospective survey finds no data to support the much quoted aphorism that RA is contraindicated for CS in the presence of placenta praevia. (+info)

Clinical significance of placenta previa detected at early routine transvaginal scan. (5/80)

Transvaginal ultrasonography in early pregnancy was used to determine the prevalence of placenta previa and the rate of persistence until delivery. The location of the placenta was registered systematically in 2342 pregnant women who underwent transvaginal ultrasonography at 10 to 16 weeks' gestation as a primary examination. The outcome of pregnancy as well as the presence or absence of placenta previa at delivery was noted in a total of 2158 cases. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated for the different measurements from the edge of the placenta to the internal cervical os versus placenta previa at delivery. In 105 of the 2158 women screened in the early stages of pregnancy (4.9%) the placenta extended to or over the internal cervical os, and in 34 of 2158 patients (1.6%) the distance to the placental edge beyond the internal cervical os was equal to or greater than 14 mm. Of the eight cases of placenta previa at delivery, six (75%) were identified in our study, and two cases were missed. When a cutoff value of greater than 14 mm is used for the receiver operating characteristic curve the likelihood is 17.6% (95% confidence interval = 6.8 to 34.5) for placenta previa at delivery. Although a high percentage of false-positive results occur owing to the low prevalence at delivery, this screening procedure can identify high-risk patients who should be rescanned later in pregnancy. (+info)

The relevance of placental location at 20-23 gestational weeks for prediction of placenta previa at delivery: evaluation of 8650 cases. (6/80)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between placental position at 20-23 weeks and incidence of birth complications caused by placental position. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In an ongoing prospective study, placental position was determined by transabdominal sonography as part of anomaly scanning at 20-23 gestational weeks, followed by transvaginal sonography in uncertain or suspicious situations. Examination was performed in 9532 cases; feedback was obtained from 8650 patients (90.7%). RESULTS: Transabdominal sonography was followed by transvaginal scan in 363 of 8650 cases (4.2%). In 8551 cases (98.9%), we found normal placental position, with the placenta not reaching the internal os and a Cesarean section rate of 17.1% (1458/8551). The incidence of 'low placental position', with the placenta reaching the internal os was 0.66% (57/8650), with a Cesarean section rate of 21% (12/57). In 0.49% (42/8650) of cases, the placenta overlapped the internal os at 20-23 weeks; Cesarean section because of placenta previa or bleeding was performed in 28 of 8650 cases (0.32%). Vaginal delivery was possible in 43% of cases (13/30), when the overlap did not exceed 25 mm. If the overlap exceeded 25 mm (12 cases), no vaginal delivery was reported. There was no reported case of placenta previa missed at the 20-23-week scan. CONCLUSION: At 20-23 weeks, a combination of routine transabdominal and indication-based transvaginal location of placental position is a powerful tool in predicting placenta previa at delivery. The advantage of determining placental position at this stage of pregnancy is a low false-positive rate compared to at earlier stages of pregnancy. We conclude that an overlapping placenta at 20-23 weeks has the consequence of a high probability of placenta previa at delivery. An overlap of 25 mm or more at 20-23 weeks seems to be incompatible with later vaginal delivery. (+info)

Diagnosis of low-lying placenta: can migration in the third trimester predict outcome? (7/80)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the rate of migration of a low-lying placenta during the third trimester and the eventual route of delivery. METHODS: All patients with a placenta lying within 3 cm of the internal cervical os or overlapping it on transvaginal ultrasound at > or = 26 weeks' gestation were included in the study. The exact distance between the center of the internal cervical os and the leading edge of the placenta was measured by transvaginal sonography, repeated at approximately 4-week intervals until delivery. RESULTS: The mean rates of migration in patients who had (n = 7) and who did not have (n = 29) Cesarean section for placenta previa were +0.3 mm/week and +5.4 mm/week, respectively (P < 0.0001). When the placental edge was initially > 20 mm from the internal os, migration occurred in all cases and no Cesarean section for placenta previa was performed. For those between -20 mm and +20 mm, sufficient migration to avoid Cesarean section occurred in 88.5% of cases. Beyond a 20 mm overlap, significant placental migration did not occur and all patients required Cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Placental migration may occur progressively throughout the third trimester. The initial position of the placental edge and the subsequent rate of migration can be used to predict the eventual route of delivery. (+info)

Third-trimester transvaginal ultrasonography in placenta previa: does the shape of the lower placental edge predict clinical outcome? (8/80)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical significance of the shape of the lower placental edge in women with transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of placenta previa. DESIGN: A prospective observational study at a tertiary teaching hospital. POPULATION: A total of 104 women with confirmed transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of placenta previa before 32 weeks' gestation. METHODS: Initial transvaginal sonography was performed at between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation in 138 patients with either strong clinical suspicion or previous abdominal sonographic diagnosis of placenta previa in the early third trimester. The lower placental edge was found to be positioned over the internal cervical os in 33 women (complete previa) and within 3 cm from it in 71 women (low-lying placenta). Patients with low-lying placenta were followed up by serial transvaginal sonographic examinations until delivery; detailed information including the placental location (anterior or posterior), the distance of its edge from the internal cervical os and its thickness were recorded. The clinical outcomes of the 17 who had a thick-edge low-lying placenta were compared with those who had a thin-edge one (54 women). In patients with complete placenta previa, demographic data, the shape of the lower placental edge whenever transvaginal sonography visualized it, and the clinical outcomes were documented. The incidence of major complications in thick-edge or central placenta was compared to that in the thin-edge group. RESULTS: Women having a low-lying placenta with a thick edge had a significantly higher rate of antepartum hemorrhage (P = 0.0002), abdominal delivery (P = 0.02), abnormally adherent placenta (P = 0.012) and low birth weight (P = 0.006) than those in whom the placental edge was thin. Cesarean hysterectomy was required in six patients with complete placenta previa because of severe peripartum hemorrhage; all of them had either central or thick-edge placenta accreta. CONCLUSION: Women with placenta previa are at a relatively higher risk of developing complications if the lower placental edge is thick. Integration of the shape of the lower placental edge into transvaginal sonographic assessment of placenta previa may improve the prediction of mode of delivery and clinical outcome. (+info)

Placenta previa is a medical condition that occurs during pregnancy where the placenta partially or fully covers the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the birth canal. This condition can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery, and it may lead to other complications such as preterm labor and delivery. Placenta previa is typically diagnosed through an ultrasound exam and managed with close monitoring, bed rest, and sometimes cesarean delivery.

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby through the umbilical cord. It also removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's side of the placenta contains many tiny blood vessels that connect to the baby's circulatory system. This allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the mother's and baby's blood. After the baby is born, the placenta is usually expelled from the uterus in a process called afterbirth.

Placenta accreta is a medical condition where the placenta grows too deeply into the uterine wall, beyond the normal depth. In a healthy pregnancy, the placenta attaches to the uterus and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus through the umbilical cord. However, in placenta accreta, the placental tissue invades the muscle of the uterus, which can cause complications during childbirth.

There are three types of placenta accreta:

1. Placenta Accreta: The placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall but does not penetrate the uterine muscle.
2. Placenta Increta: The placenta grows into and partially penetrates the uterine muscle.
3. Placenta Percreta: The placenta fully penetrates the uterine muscle and can grow into nearby organs, such as the bladder or bowel.

Placenta accreta is a serious condition that can cause severe bleeding during childbirth, which may require an emergency hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) to control the bleeding. It is more common in women who have had previous cesarean sections or other uterine surgeries.

Uterine hemorrhage, also known as uterine bleeding or gynecological bleeding, is an abnormal loss of blood from the uterus. It can occur in various clinical settings such as menstruation (known as menorrhagia), postpartum period (postpartum hemorrhage), or in non-pregnant women (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). The bleeding may be light to heavy, intermittent or continuous, and can be accompanied by symptoms such as pain, dizziness, or fainting. Uterine hemorrhage is a common gynecological problem that can have various underlying causes, including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, coagulopathies, and malignancies. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing heavy or prolonged uterine bleeding to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.

Cardiotocography (CTG) is a technical means of monitoring the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during pregnancy, particularly during labor. It provides visual information about the fetal heart rate pattern and the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions. This helps healthcare providers assess the well-being of the fetus and the progression of labor.

The cardiotocograph records two main traces:

1. Fetal heart rate (FHR): It is recorded using an ultrasound transducer placed on the mother's abdomen. The normal fetal heart rate ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute. Changes in the FHR pattern may indicate fetal distress, hypoxia, or other complications.

2. Uterine contractions: They are recorded using a pressure sensor (toco) placed on the mother's abdomen. The intensity and frequency of uterine contractions can be assessed to evaluate the progression of labor and the effect of contractions on fetal oxygenation.

Cardiotocography is widely used in obstetrics as a non-invasive method for monitoring fetal well-being during pregnancy and labor. However, it should always be interpreted cautiously by healthcare professionals, considering other factors like maternal and fetal conditions, medical history, and clinical presentation. Overinterpretation or misinterpretation of CTG traces can lead to unnecessary interventions or delays in recognizing actual fetal distress.

Vasa previa is a rare but serious condition that can occur during pregnancy. It happens when the fetal blood vessels from the umbilical cord or placenta develop in an abnormal location, either over the internal cervical os (the opening of the cervix) or within the membranes covering the inner cervix. This placement puts these vital blood vessels at risk of being compressed, ruptured, or injured during labor and delivery, which can result in fetal hemorrhage, hypoxia, and even death if not promptly diagnosed and managed.

Vasa previa is usually detected through ultrasound examination during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. If identified early, healthcare providers can closely monitor the pregnancy, recommend cesarean delivery before labor begins to minimize risks, and take other necessary precautions to ensure a safe outcome for both mother and baby.

A Cesarean section, often referred to as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby. It involves making an incision through the mother's abdomen and uterus to remove the baby. This procedure may be necessary when a vaginal delivery would put the mother or the baby at risk.

There are several reasons why a C-section might be recommended, including:

* The baby is in a breech position (feet first) or a transverse position (sideways) and cannot be turned to a normal head-down position.
* The baby is too large to safely pass through the mother's birth canal.
* The mother has a medical condition, such as heart disease or high blood pressure, that could make vaginal delivery risky.
* The mother has an infection, such as HIV or herpes, that could be passed to the baby during a vaginal delivery.
* The labor is not progressing and there are concerns about the health of the mother or the baby.

C-sections are generally safe for both the mother and the baby, but like any surgery, they do carry some risks. These can include infection, bleeding, blood clots, and injury to nearby organs. In addition, women who have a C-section are more likely to experience complications in future pregnancies, such as placenta previa or uterine rupture.

If you have questions about whether a C-section is necessary for your delivery, it's important to discuss your options with your healthcare provider.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

The second trimester of pregnancy is the period between the completion of 12 weeks (the end of the first trimester) and 26 weeks (the beginning of the third trimester) of gestational age. It is often considered the most comfortable period for many pregnant women as the risk of miscarriage decreases significantly, and the symptoms experienced during the first trimester, such as nausea and fatigue, typically improve.

During this time, the uterus expands above the pubic bone, allowing more space for the growing fetus. The fetal development in the second trimester includes significant growth in size and weight, formation of all major organs, and the beginning of movement sensations that the mother can feel. Additionally, the fetus starts to hear, swallow and kick, and the skin is covered with a protective coating called vernix.

Prenatal care during this period typically includes regular prenatal appointments to monitor the mother's health and the baby's growth and development. These appointments may include measurements of the uterus, fetal heart rate monitoring, and screening tests for genetic disorders or other potential issues.

Prenatal ultrasonography, also known as obstetric ultrasound, is a medical diagnostic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid inside the uterus. It is a non-invasive and painless test that is widely used during pregnancy to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, detect any potential abnormalities or complications, and determine the due date.

During the procedure, a transducer (a small handheld device) is placed on the mother's abdomen and moved around to capture images from different angles. The sound waves travel through the mother's body and bounce back off the fetus, producing echoes that are then converted into electrical signals and displayed as images on a screen.

Prenatal ultrasonography can be performed at various stages of pregnancy, including early pregnancy to confirm the pregnancy and detect the number of fetuses, mid-pregnancy to assess the growth and development of the fetus, and late pregnancy to evaluate the position of the fetus and determine if it is head down or breech. It can also be used to guide invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.

Overall, prenatal ultrasonography is a valuable tool in modern obstetrics that helps ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

A "repeat cesarean section" is a medical term that refers to the delivery of a fetus through surgical incision in the abdominal and uterine walls, which has been performed previously. It is also known as a "classical repeat cesarean delivery." This procedure may be recommended when vaginal birth poses potential risks to the mother or the baby, such as in cases of placenta previa, previous classical uterine incision, or multiple pregnancies. The decision for a repeat cesarean section is typically made after considering various factors, including the patient's medical history, current pregnancy status, and personal preferences.

Placental diseases, also known as placental pathologies, refer to a group of conditions that affect the development and function of the placenta during pregnancy. The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus while removing waste products.

Placental diseases can have serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus, including preterm labor, growth restriction, stillbirth, and long-term health problems for the child. Some common placental diseases include:

1. Placental abruption: This occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, causing bleeding and potentially harming the fetus.
2. Placental previa: This is a condition where the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus, covering the cervix. It can cause bleeding and may require cesarean delivery.
3. Preeclampsia: This is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Placental dysfunction is thought to play a role in its development.
4. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): This occurs when the fetus does not grow properly due to poor placental function, leading to low birth weight and potential health problems.
5. Chorioamnionitis: This is an infection of the membranes surrounding the fetus, which can lead to preterm labor and other complications.
6. Placental infarction: This occurs when a portion of the placenta dies due to a lack of blood flow, which can lead to growth restriction or stillbirth.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of placental diseases are essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant obstetrical complication defined as the loss of more than 500 milliliters of blood within the first 24 hours after childbirth, whether it occurs vaginally or through cesarean section. It can also be defined as a blood loss of more than 1000 mL in relation to the amount of blood lost during the procedure and the patient's baseline hematocrit level.

Postpartum hemorrhage is classified into two types: primary (early) PPH, which occurs within the first 24 hours after delivery, and secondary (late) PPH, which happens between 24 hours and 12 weeks postpartum. The most common causes of PPH are uterine atony, trauma to the genital tract, retained placental tissue, and coagulopathy.

Uterine atony is the inability of the uterus to contract effectively after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding. Trauma to the genital tract can occur during childbirth, causing lacerations or tears that may result in bleeding. Retained placental tissue refers to the remnants of the placenta left inside the uterus, which can cause infection and heavy bleeding. Coagulopathy is a condition where the blood has difficulty clotting, leading to uncontrolled bleeding.

Symptoms of PPH include excessive vaginal bleeding, low blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased urine output, and signs of shock such as confusion, rapid breathing, and pale skin. Treatment for PPH includes uterotonics, manual removal of retained placental tissue, repair of genital tract lacerations, blood transfusions, and surgery if necessary.

Preventing PPH involves proper antenatal care, monitoring high-risk pregnancies, active management of the third stage of labor, and prompt recognition and treatment of any bleeding complications during or after delivery.

The third trimester of pregnancy is the final stage of pregnancy that lasts from week 29 until birth, which typically occurs around the 40th week. During this period, the fetus continues to grow and mature, gaining weight rapidly. The mother's body also prepares for childbirth by dilating the cervix and producing milk in preparation for breastfeeding. Regular prenatal care is crucial during this time to monitor the health of both the mother and the developing fetus, as well as to prepare for delivery.

Abruptio placentae, also known as placental abruption, is a medical condition that occurs when the placenta separates from the uterus before the baby is born. The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy to provide oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus.

In abruptio placentae, the separation of the placenta from the uterus can cause bleeding, which can be serious or life-threatening for both the mother and the baby. The severity of the condition depends on how much of the placenta has separated from the uterus and how much bleeding has occurred.

Abruptio placentae can cause a range of symptoms, including vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, contractions, and fetal distress. In severe cases, it can lead to preterm labor, low birth weight, and even stillbirth. The exact cause of abruptio placentae is not always known, but risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, cocaine use, trauma to the abdomen, and advanced maternal age. Treatment may involve hospitalization, bed rest, medication to prevent contractions, or delivery of the baby if the pregnancy is at term.

Dilatation and Curettage (D&C) is a medical procedure commonly performed on the uterus. The term "dilatation" refers to the widening or opening of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. This is achieved using dilators, which are gradually inserted into the cervical canal to stretch it open.

The term "curettage" refers to the scraping or suctioning out of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium). A curette, a long, loop-shaped surgical instrument, is used to scrape the lining, or suction equipment may be used to remove the tissue.

A D&C procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the uterus, such as abnormal uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual periods, endometrial hyperplasia, or to remove residual tissue after a miscarriage or abortion. It's usually a minor surgical procedure that can be done in a hospital, clinic, or doctor's office, and is often performed under local anesthesia, conscious sedation, or general anesthesia depending on the situation and patient preference.

Neonatal anemia is a condition characterized by a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or lower-than-normal levels of hemoglobin in the blood of a newborn infant. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body's tissues.

There are several types and causes of neonatal anemia, including:

1. Anemia of prematurity: This is the most common type of anemia in newborns, especially those born before 34 weeks of gestation. It occurs due to a decrease in red blood cell production and a shorter lifespan of red blood cells in premature infants.
2. Hemolytic anemia: This type of anemia is caused by the destruction of red blood cells at a faster rate than they can be produced. It can result from various factors, such as incompatibility between the mother's and baby's blood types, genetic disorders like G6PD deficiency, or infections.
3. Fetomaternal hemorrhage: This condition occurs when there is a significant transfer of fetal blood into the maternal circulation during pregnancy or childbirth, leading to anemia in the newborn.
4. Iron-deficiency anemia: Although rare in newborns, iron-deficiency anemia can occur if the mother has low iron levels during pregnancy, and the infant does not receive adequate iron supplementation after birth.
5. Anemia due to nutritional deficiencies: Rarely, neonatal anemia may result from a lack of essential vitamins or minerals like folate, vitamin B12, or copper in the newborn's diet.

Symptoms of neonatal anemia can vary but may include pallor, lethargy, poor feeding, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis typically involves a complete blood count (CBC) to measure red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and other parameters. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of anemia and may include iron supplementation, transfusions, or management of any underlying conditions.

Pregnancy outcome refers to the final result or status of a pregnancy, including both the health of the mother and the newborn baby. It can be categorized into various types such as:

1. Live birth: The delivery of one or more babies who show signs of life after separation from their mother.
2. Stillbirth: The delivery of a baby who has died in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
3. Miscarriage: The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week.
4. Abortion: The intentional termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus.
5. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube, which is not viable and requires medical attention.
6. Preterm birth: The delivery of a baby before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to various health issues for the newborn.
7. Full-term birth: The delivery of a baby between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation.
8. Post-term pregnancy: The delivery of a baby after 42 weeks of gestation, which may increase the risk of complications for both mother and baby.

The pregnancy outcome is influenced by various factors such as maternal age, health status, lifestyle habits, genetic factors, and access to quality prenatal care.

Endotamponade is a medical term that refers to the use of an internal tamponade in ophthalmology, specifically in the treatment of certain eye conditions such as retinal detachment or severe ocular trauma.

In this procedure, a gas or liquid material is injected into the vitreous cavity (the space inside the eye between the lens and the retina) to help reattach the retina to the wall of the eye or to control bleeding inside the eye. The tamponading agent presses against the retina, holding it in place and preventing further fluid from accumulating under it, which can help promote healing and prevent further damage.

The choice of tamponade material depends on the specific condition being treated. For example, a gas bubble may be used for retinal detachment, while silicone oil may be used for more complex cases or where a longer-lasting tamponade is required. The gas or liquid is usually injected through a small incision in the eye and may be left in place for several weeks or months, depending on the individual case.

Overall, endotamponade is an important technique in the management of various retinal disorders and can help preserve vision and prevent blindness in certain cases.

Gestational age is the length of time that has passed since the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) in pregnant women. It is the standard unit used to estimate the age of a pregnancy and is typically expressed in weeks. This measure is used because the exact date of conception is often not known, but the start of the last menstrual period is usually easier to recall.

It's important to note that since ovulation typically occurs around two weeks after the start of the LMP, gestational age is approximately two weeks longer than fetal age, which is the actual time elapsed since conception. Medical professionals use both gestational and fetal age to track the development and growth of the fetus during pregnancy.

High-risk pregnancy is a term used to describe a situation where the mother or the fetus has an increased risk of developing complications during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or in the postpartum period. These risks may be due to pre-existing medical conditions in the mother, such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, or infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS. Other factors that can contribute to a high-risk pregnancy include advanced maternal age (35 years and older), obesity, multiple gestations (twins, triplets, etc.), fetal growth restriction, placental issues, and a history of previous pregnancy complications or preterm labor.

High-risk pregnancies require specialized care and monitoring by healthcare professionals, often involving maternal-fetal medicine specialists, obstetricians, perinatologists, and neonatologists. Regular prenatal care, frequent checkups, ultrasound monitoring, and sometimes additional testing and interventions may be necessary to ensure the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the uterus (womb). Depending on the specific medical condition and necessity, a hysterectomy may also include the removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissues. There are different types of hysterectomies, including:

1. Total hysterectomy: The uterus and cervix are removed.
2. Supracervical (or subtotal) hysterectomy: Only the upper part of the uterus is removed, leaving the cervix intact.
3. Radical hysterectomy: This procedure involves removing the uterus, cervix, surrounding tissues, and the upper part of the vagina. It is typically performed in cases of cervical cancer.
4. Oophorectomy: The removal of one or both ovaries can be performed along with a hysterectomy depending on the patient's medical condition and age.
5. Salpingectomy: The removal of one or both fallopian tubes can also be performed along with a hysterectomy if needed.

The reasons for performing a hysterectomy may include but are not limited to: uterine fibroids, heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic prolapse, cervical or uterine cancer, and chronic pelvic pain. The choice of the type of hysterectomy depends on the patient's medical condition, age, and personal preferences.

A premature birth is defined as the delivery of a baby before 37 weeks of gestation. This can occur spontaneously or as a result of medical intervention due to maternal or fetal complications. Premature babies, also known as preemies, may face various health challenges depending on how early they are born and their weight at birth. These challenges can include respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, anemia, issues with feeding and digestion, developmental delays, and vision problems. With advancements in medical care and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), many premature babies survive and go on to lead healthy lives.

Maternal age is a term used to describe the age of a woman at the time she becomes pregnant or gives birth. It is often used in medical and epidemiological contexts to discuss the potential risks, complications, and outcomes associated with pregnancy and childbirth at different stages of a woman's reproductive years.

Advanced maternal age typically refers to women who become pregnant or give birth at 35 years of age or older. This group faces an increased risk for certain chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, and other pregnancy-related complications, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery.

On the other end of the spectrum, adolescent pregnancies (those that occur in women under 20 years old) also come with their own set of potential risks and complications, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and anemia.

It's important to note that while maternal age can influence pregnancy outcomes, many other factors – including genetics, lifestyle choices, and access to quality healthcare – can also play a significant role in determining the health of both mother and baby during pregnancy and childbirth.

In medical terms, parity refers to the number of times a woman has given birth to a viable fetus, usually defined as a pregnancy that reaches at least 20 weeks' gestation. It is often used in obstetrics and gynecology to describe a woman's childbearing history and to assess potential risks associated with childbirth.

Parity is typically categorized as follows:

* Nulliparous: A woman who has never given birth to a viable fetus.
* Primiparous: A woman who has given birth to one viable fetus.
* Multiparous: A woman who has given birth to more than one viable fetus.

In some cases, parity may also consider the number of pregnancies that resulted in stillbirths or miscarriages, although this is not always the case. It's important to note that parity does not necessarily reflect the total number of pregnancies a woman has had, only those that resulted in viable births.

The first trimester of pregnancy is defined as the period of gestational development that extends from conception (fertilization of the egg by sperm) to the end of the 13th week. This critical phase marks significant transformations in both the mother's body and the growing embryo/fetus.

During the first trimester, the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining (implantation), initiating a series of complex interactions leading to the formation of the placenta - an organ essential for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus while removing waste products. Simultaneously, the embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation, giving rise to various organs and systems. By the end of the first trimester, most major structures are present, although they continue to mature and grow throughout pregnancy.

The mother may experience several physiological changes during this time, including:
- Morning sickness (nausea and vomiting)
- Fatigue
- Breast tenderness
- Frequent urination
- Food aversions or cravings
- Mood swings

Additionally, hormonal shifts can cause various symptoms and prepare the body for potential changes in lactation, posture, and pelvic alignment as pregnancy progresses. Regular prenatal care is crucial during this period to monitor both maternal and fetal wellbeing, identify any potential complications early on, and provide appropriate guidance and support throughout the pregnancy.

Pregnancy complications refer to any health problems that arise during pregnancy which can put both the mother and the baby at risk. These complications may occur at any point during the pregnancy, from conception until childbirth. Some common pregnancy complications include:

1. Gestational diabetes: a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before becoming pregnant.
2. Preeclampsia: a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver or kidneys.
3. Placenta previa: a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, which can cause bleeding and may require delivery via cesarean section.
4. Preterm labor: when labor begins before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to premature birth and other complications.
5. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a condition where the fetus does not grow at a normal rate inside the womb.
6. Multiple pregnancies: carrying more than one baby, such as twins or triplets, which can increase the risk of premature labor and other complications.
7. Rh incompatibility: a condition where the mother's blood type is different from the baby's, which can cause anemia and jaundice in the newborn.
8. Pregnancy loss: including miscarriage, stillbirth, or ectopic pregnancy, which can be emotionally devastating for the parents.

It is important to monitor pregnancy closely and seek medical attention promptly if any concerning symptoms arise. With proper care and management, many pregnancy complications can be treated effectively, reducing the risk of harm to both the mother and the baby.

Retained placenta is a medical condition that occurs when all or part of the placenta remains in the uterus after delivery, instead of being expelled naturally. Normally, the placenta separates from the uterine wall and is delivered within 30 minutes of childbirth. However, if the placenta is not completely delivered, it can lead to complications such as infection, heavy bleeding, and in rare cases, infertility or even death.

Retained placenta can be caused by various factors, including a weakened uterine muscle tone, an abnormally attached placenta, or a retained portion of the membranes. Treatment for retained placenta typically involves manual removal of the remaining tissue by a healthcare professional, often under anesthesia. In some cases, medication may be used to help promote contraction of the uterus and expulsion of the placenta.

It is important to seek medical attention promptly if a retained placenta is suspected, as timely treatment can help prevent potentially serious complications.

ISBN 978-0-443-07109-6. "Placenta Previa, Placenta Previa Accreta and Vasa Previa: Diagnosis and Management" (PDF). RCOG ... The following have been identified as risk factors for placenta previa: Previous placenta previa (recurrence rate 4-8%), ... Other than that placenta previa can be also classified as: Complete: When the placenta completely covers the cervix Partial: ... Vaginal examination is avoided in known cases of placenta previa. Previa can be confirmed with an ultrasound. Transvaginal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta_praevia

... abruptio placentae, and placenta previa 641.0 Placenta previa, w/o bleeding, unspec. 641.1 Placenta previa, w/ bleeding, unspec ... 641.2 Abruptio placentae, unspec. 641.9 Hemorrhage in pregnancy., unspec. 642 Hypertension complicating pregnancy, childbirth, ... other immediate postpartum 667 Retained placenta or membranes, without hemorrhage 668 Complication (medicine) of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_630–679:_complications_of_pregnancy,_childbirth,_and_the_puerperium

An important risk factor for placenta accreta is placenta previa in the presence of a uterine scar. Placenta previa is an ... Placenta accreta occurs when all or part of the placenta attaches abnormally to the myometrium (the muscular layer of the ... Rates of placenta accreta are increasing. As of 2016, placenta accreta affects an estimated 1 in 272 pregnancies. ... Other risk factors include low-lying placenta, anterior placenta, congenital or acquired uterine defects (such as uterine septa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta_accreta_spectrum

Tallant, Alice Weld (1917). "The Pros and Cons of Accouchement Forcé in Placenta Previa". The American Journal of Obstetrics ... "The Pros and Cons of Accouchement Forcé in Placenta Previa" (1917) A Text-book of Obstetrical Nursing (1922) "A Study of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Weld_Tallant

Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa". Creasy and Resnik's maternal-fetal medicine : ... The placenta may bleed (hemorrhage) or begin to separate early from the wall of the uterus. It is normal for the placenta to ... The presence of a placenta is required, and eclampsia resolves if it is removed. Reduced blood flow to the placenta (placental ... Having a placenta that is enlarged by multiple gestation or hydatidiform mole also increases risk of eclampsia. In addition, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclampsia

p. 9. Eades, Chris (April 6, 2018). "The Truth About Lani's Placenta Previa Diagnosis on DAYS OF OUR LIVES". Soaps In Depth. ... Despite her rejection, Eli gets Lani to the hospital when she experiences cramping caused by Placenta praevia. In June 2018, ... "I did research about women losing their babies to placenta [praevia] and watched a ton of videos because I didn't really know ... Eli is there when Lani experiences painful cramping and rushes her to the hospital where she is diagnosed with Placenta praevia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lani_Price

found that 2/3 of patient with vasa previa at delivery had a low-lying placenta or placenta previa that resolved prior to the ... It is thought that vasa previa arises from an early placenta previa. As the pregnancy progresses, the placenta tissue ... Oyelese Y, Smulian J (2006). "Placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa". Obstet Gynecol. 107 (4): 927-41. doi:10.1097 ... However, vessels at a margin of the placenta are exposed. Vasa previa is seen more commonly with velamentous insertion of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_praevia

Other risk factors include uterine atony, placenta previa, and connective tissue disorders. Diagnosis is by seeing the inside ... The placenta can then be removed if it is still attached. Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 ... The placenta can then be removed if it is still attached. Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 ... Risk factors include pulling on the umbilical cord or pushing on the top of the uterus before the placenta has detached. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_inversion

Preeclampsia, placenta abruptio, placenta previa, and postpartum hemorrhage were among them (Howell, 2018). The Healthy People ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States

Gestational carriers also have low rates of placenta previa / placental abruptions (1.1-7.9%). Children born through singleton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy

Severe symptoms include congestive heart failure, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, and operative delivery. In the simplest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_in_pregnancy

Kurt, Sefa; Obuz, Funda (2016-10-10). "A Case of Type 2 Youssef's Syndrome following Caesarean Section for Placenta Previa ... It may also present following use of obstetric forceps, manual placenta removal, external cephalic version, morbidly adherent ... placenta, surgical removal of fibroids, rupture of the uterus, perforation of the uterus and radiation therapy in the treatment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicouterine_fistula

"Prevalence of antepartum hemorrhage in women with placenta previa: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Scientific Reports. ... Placenta praevia or vasa praevia refers to the placenta or fetal blood vessels, respectively, covering or being located close ... More than half of women affected by placenta praevia (51.6)% have bleeding before delivery. Vasa praevia occurs in about 0.6 ... Derbala, Yasmine; Grochal, Frantisek; Jeanty, Philippe (January 2007). "Vasa previa". Journal of Prenatal Medicine. 1 (1): 2-13 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_pregnancy_bleeding

The primary consideration is the presence of a placenta previa which is a low lying placenta at or very near to the internal ... Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to ... Causes of bleeding before and during childbirth include cervicitis, placenta previa, placental abruption and uterine rupture. ... "Relation between Birth Weight and Intraoperative Hemorrhage during Cesarean Section in Pregnancy with Placenta Previa". PLOS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrical_bleeding

Other conditions such as gestational diabetes, placenta previa, and hemorrhage are inconsistently correlated to asthma. Poorly ... which causes damage to the placenta. The gluten-free diet avoids or reduces the risk of developing reproductive disorders in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-existing_disease_in_pregnancy

placenta previa, where in the placenta grows in the lowest part of the uterus and covers all or part of the opening to the ... Having placenta previa is an economic stress as well because it requires having a caesarean section delivery, which require a ... MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Placenta previa Anderka M, Romitti PA, Sun L, Druschel C, Carmichael S, Shaw G (2010). "Patterns of ... When the placenta does not develop fully, the umbilical cord which transfers oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_and_pregnancy

... shaped uterine incision during caesarean section in patients with placenta previa: a retrospective study". Journal of Huazhong ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_segment_Caesarean_section

Smoking during pregnancy causes twice the risk of premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and placenta previa. ... The placenta connects the developing embryo to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange ... The umbilical cord is the connecting cord from the embryo or fetus to the placenta. After about ten weeks of gestational age- ... Weight gain is related to the weight of the baby, the placenta, extra circulatory fluid, larger tissues, and fat and protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy

In the second or third trimester a placenta previa (a placenta partially or completely overlying the cervix) may bleed quite ... There are a number of causes including complications to the placenta, such as placental abruption and placenta previa. Other ... "Placenta abruptio: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-07. Clarke MA, Long BJ, Del Mar ... or abnormal growth of the placenta, even if the woman is not aware of the pregnancy. This possibility must be kept in mind with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_bleeding

... placental abruption and placenta previa. In addition to the fetus, women in general who smoke heavily are less likely to become ... One of the components of bismuth subsalicylate is salicylate, which is a component that crosses the placenta. Due to this, ... Alcohol passes easily from the mother's bloodstream through the placenta and into the bloodstream of the fetus. Since the fetus ... Aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, when consumed, do not cross the placenta and are regarded as safe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs_in_pregnancy

Complete placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers the opening of the cervix. If placenta previa is present at the time ... The bleeding may be due to placental abruption, uterine rupture, placenta accrete, undiagnosed placenta previa, or vasa previa ... November 2011). "Risk of placenta previa in second birth after first birth cesarean section: a population-based study and meta- ... including placenta previa Benefits for the infant include: Develop microbiota from exposure to the bacteria from the mother's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_delivery

... or placenta previa. Red blood in small quantities often also follows an exam. The pain experienced during dilation is similar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_dilation

Other causes of vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy include placental abruption, placenta previa, vasa previa, uterine rupture, ... placenta previa, or placental abruption. Bloody show itself is an exclusionary diagnosis, that is, it rules out other causes of ... Decidual cells, which play a nutritional role in the formation of the placenta, promote the synthesis and release of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_show

Preliminary indications suggested that her death was caused by placenta previa, a condition in which the placenta is delivered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_captive_orcas

Retained placental tissue or placental disorders, such as an adherent placenta, placenta previa, and abruption placentae ... The blood vessels that provide the blood supply to the placenta pass through this muscle. After labor it is the contraction of ... Therefore, as placenta is delivered arteries are damaged and without the muscle contractions hemostasis cannot be reached. ... Whether it is given just before or after the delivery of the placenta is subject to provider preference. It is suggested that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_atony

2018). Placenta Previa. [online] Available at: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/placenta-previa [ ... Chances of vasa previa and placental abruption increase in the presence of a bilobed placenta due to decreased surface area for ... Incidences of vasa previa and haemorrhaging in the presence of a succenturiate placenta are highly increased. Fetal blood (can ... Multilobed or Succenturiate Placenta When a placenta has multiple lobes which are distal and not of equal size this is referred ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antepartum_bleeding

These often include heart disease, renal disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, placenta previa, placenta abruption, antepartum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_birth

Along with placenta previa and uterine rupture it is one of the most common causes of vaginal bleeding in the later part of ... The accumulating blood pushes between the layers of the decidua, pushing the uterine wall and placenta apart. When the placenta ... Because the placenta is less elastic than the uterus, it tears away when the uterine tissue stretches suddenly. When anatomical ... An ultrasound may be used to rule out placenta praevia but is not diagnostic for abruption. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_abruption

She also is credited (along with François Mauriceau) of finding a method to deal with a hemorrhaging placenta previa by ... and placenta previa and their management. In the textbook, Siegemund presented a solution to the delivery of a shoulder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justine_Siegemund

... such as placenta previa to placenta-maternal effects (fetal erythroblastosis). Infections like chorioamnionitis cause an ... Sneddon, Sharon F. (2019). "Embryology of the Foetal Membranes and Placenta". Clinical Embryology. pp. 31-38. doi:10.1007/978-3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perinatal_stroke

When the placenta is attached close to the opening of the uterus (cervix) or covers the cervix, it is called placenta previa. (stanfordchildrens.org)
The placenta completely covers the cervix. (stanfordchildrens.org)
The placenta is partly over the cervix. (stanfordchildrens.org)
The placenta is near the edge of the cervix. (stanfordchildrens.org)
It can show where the placenta is and how much is covering the cervix. (stanfordchildrens.org)
An ultrasound may show that a placenta is near the cervix in early pregnancy. (stanfordchildrens.org)
It is common for the placenta to move away from the cervix as the uterus grows. (stanfordchildrens.org)
This causes the area of the placenta over the cervix to bleed. (stanfordchildrens.org)
The risk of bleeding is higher if a lot of the placenta covers the cervix. (stanfordchildrens.org)
It causes bleeding because the placenta is close to or covers the cervix. (stanfordchildrens.org)
Normally, the placenta grows into the upper part of the uterus wall, away from the cervix. (marchofdimes.org)
If you have placenta previa, when the cervix begins to thin out (efface) and open up (dilate), blood vessels connecting the placenta to the uterus may tear. (marchofdimes.org)
If a placenta previa is identified by ultrasound and appears to block the cervix, no vaginal exams are performed and an elective c-section is planned. (marchofdimes.org)
As your uterus grows, the placenta should move UP with your uterus, clearing the cervix, and no longer causing issues. (babycenter.com)
In placenta previa, the placenta starts forming very low in the uterus or even over the cervix (the opening of the uterus that leads to the vagina). (medbroadcast.com)
A "low-lying" placenta does not cover or touch the cervix, but is within 2 centimetres of the opening. (medbroadcast.com)
If you have been diagnosed with placenta previa, your doctor will avoid digital (which means using the fingers) examination of the vagina and the cervix, as this could cause the placenta to tear and lead to heavy bleeding. (medbroadcast.com)
So the placenta is wholly or partially covering the opening of the mother's cervix where the uterus connects the vagina. (millerandzois.com)
With complete placenta previa, the lower intravaginal portion of the cervix (or cervical oz) is completely covered by the placenta. (millerandzois.com)
Complete Previa - The placenta completely covers the cervix. (justmommies.com)
Partial Previa - The placenta covers a portion of the cervix, but does not completely cover the cervix. (justmommies.com)
Marginal Previa - The placenta extends to the edge of the cervix but does not cover it. (justmommies.com)
The placenta itself doesn't actually move, but as the uterus stretches, it is not as close to the cervix as it was earlier in pregnancy. (justmommies.com)
Placenta previa (pluh-SEN-tuh PREH-vee-uh) occurs when a baby's placenta partially or totally covers the mother's cervix - the outlet for the uterus. (penelopethemovie.com)
Placenta previa is attachment (implantation) of the placenta over the opening of the cervix, in the lower rather than the upper part of the uterus. (msdmanuals.com)
Sometimes the placenta is located near the opening of the cervix, not over it (called a low-lying placenta). (msdmanuals.com)
Placenta previa (pluh-SEN-tuh PREH-vee-uh) is a problem during pregnancy when the placenta completely or partially covers the opening of the uterus (cervix). (medizzy.com)
The condition is diagnosed when the placenta is lying low inside the uterus, usually next to the cervix or even covering the cervix. (babiekids.com)
You could also be diagnosed with a low lying placenta which is when the placenta is not really bordering the cervix but is close within two centimeters. (babiekids.com)
The focus of this hypnosis session is mind-body support for the successful migration of the placenta away from the cervix. (onelovechildbirth.com)
This medical illustration depicts two cutaway view through the uterus at term pregnancy to demonstrate both the typical location of the placenta, and a condition, called placenta previa, in which the placenta covers the opening to the cervix. (nucleushealth.com)
Placenta previa (PP) is a clinical condition characterised by the complete or partial cervix covering - the passage to the uterus. (tcmblog.co.uk)
In a normal pregnancy around the 32 weeks mark, the placenta has usually moved away from the cervix, allowing the mother to deliver vaginally. (tcmblog.co.uk)
Placenta previa is the abnormal implantation of the placenta over the opening to the cervix in the later stages of pregnancy. (beckerjustice.com)
and low-lying (where the placenta is implanted close to the cervix, but does not reach it). (beckerjustice.com)
Onе оf reasons thаt саn саuѕе bleeding іѕ placenta previa, а condition, explains Dr. Luz Maritza Barrero Rico, а specialist іn Gynecology аnd Obstetrics, whісh occurs whеn placenta appears bеfоrе the fetus аnd clogs thе cervix. (blastingnews.com)
In a normal situation, the placenta, which provides oxygen and nutrition to the unborn baby, is positioned away from the cervix. (medplusmart.com)
In case of a Partial Previa, the placenta is partially covering the opening of the cervix. (medplusmart.com)
A Low Lying Previa may happen during the middle of the pregnancy, with the placenta at the edge of the cervix. (medplusmart.com)
In some cases, the placenta begins to grow at the bottom of the uterus, and will push against the cervix, but may not cover it. (medplusmart.com)
Are blood clots from cervix expected in bleeding triggered due to previa? (whattoexpect.com)
whether it's from cervix or the placenta moving. (whattoexpect.com)
Placenta previa is a condition that occurs when the placenta is lying low in your uterus, next to or covering the cervix (the opening between the uterus and vagina) inside the uterus. (viranginicindy.com)
If placenta previa is diagnosed after your 20th week of pregnancy, you will be monitored regularly to see if the placenta moves away from your cervix and back up closer to the top of the uterus. (viranginicindy.com)
The ultrasound shows the placenta covering her cervix. (viranginicindy.com)
My client called back 3 weeks later, saying the ultrasound showed the placenta shifting away from the cervix. (viranginicindy.com)
After each ultrasound check-up, my client continued reporting to me, letting me know the placenta is slowly moving away from the cervix. (viranginicindy.com)
However, my OBGYN found that my placenta is attached within millimeters of my cervix, and told me it is a marginal placenta previa. (whattoexpect.com)
Other than that placenta previa can be also classified as: Complete: When the placenta completely covers the cervix Partial: When the placenta partially covers the cervix Marginal: When the placenta ends near the edge of the cervix, about 2 cm from the internal cervical os History may reveal antepartum hemorrhage. (wikipedia.org)
That's when the placenta covers part of the cervix. (medhelp.org)
This is especially true when these vessels are located close to the cervix, as they might be if you also have vasa previa. (whattoexpect.com)

However, with the technologic advances in ultrasonography, the diagnosis of placenta previa is commonly made earlier in pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Placenta previa can cause bleeding late in pregnancy. (stanfordchildrens.org)
If you develop the condition early in your pregnancy, it usually isn't a problem since the placenta grows upward with the uterus during pregnancy. (marchofdimes.org)
If you have placenta previa early in pregnancy, it usually isn't a problem because it may resolve as the pregnancy grows. (marchofdimes.org)
Have had placenta previa in an earlier pregnancy. (marchofdimes.org)
If you've had placenta previa in a past pregnancy, you have a 2 to 3 in 100 (2 to 3 percent) chance of having it again. (marchofdimes.org)
The placenta is a bed of cells formed inside the uterus (womb) during pregnancy. (medbroadcast.com)
The bleeding occurs because as the pregnancy progresses, the placenta gets detached from the uterine walls. (medbroadcast.com)
If you are diagnosed with complete placenta previa, your doctor may advise you to have a caesarean section for the delivery of your baby, usually between weeks 36 and 37 of pregnancy. (medbroadcast.com)
In many cases, a diagnosis of placenta previa in the early weeks (usually before Week 20) may correct itself as the pregnancy progresses. (medbroadcast.com)
Placenta previa is a medical condition that occurs during pregnancy. (harcourthealth.com)
When a baby begins to grow in your uterus (or womb) at the beginning of your pregnancy, an organ known as the placenta will develop to remove waste materials and bring nutrients and oxygen to your unborn child. (harcourthealth.com)
So while placenta previa is often not an impediment to a healthy pregnancy, proper management of the condition is critical to a good outcome. (millerandzois.com)
A vaginal birth in the face of placenta previa is generally understood to be a breach of the standard of care if the pregnancy has reached 37 weeks or more at the time of initial bleeding. (millerandzois.com)
Placenta previa is a frequent cause of bleeding during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. (justmommies.com)
Vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks of pregnancy is the primary symptom of placenta previa. (justmommies.com)
Placenta previa will often correct itself during pregnancy. (justmommies.com)
In more than 90 percent of women diagnosed with placenta previa in the second trimester, the placenta will correct itself by the end of the pregnancy. (justmommies.com)
Treatment will vary depending on how far along you are in your pregnancy and whether you have complete, partial, or marginal placenta previa. (justmommies.com)
Placenta previa can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery. (penelopethemovie.com)
If you have placenta previa, you might bleed throughout your pregnancy and during your delivery. (penelopethemovie.com)
What does placenta previa mean in pregnancy? (penelopethemovie.com)
Epidural analgesia for the treatment of colic attack with retrocaval ureter in late pregnancy complicated with marginal placenta previa: a case report. (iasp-pain.org)
Pregnancy complications, such as placenta previa, are problems that occur only during pregnancy. (msdmanuals.com)
Placenta previa can cause painless bleeding from the vagina that suddenly starts after 20 weeks of pregnancy. (msdmanuals.com)
The placenta is an organ that develops inside the uterus during pregnancy. (medizzy.com)
Usually, placenta previa is not considered problematic when diagnosed earlier on in the pregnancy. (babiekids.com)
Normally, the position of the placenta is checked at mid-pregnancy using an ultrasound exam. (babiekids.com)
Placenta previa increases the likelihood of developing heavy bleeding during pregnancy and the mom-to-be may have to undergo a blood transfusion during pregnancy, at delivery and after delivery. (babiekids.com)
Explore placenta previa complications and treatment methods for a smooth and secure pregnancy journey ahead. (thesciencenotes.com)
Placenta previa can lead to obstructions and in sever cases cause bleeding during pregnancy and delivering the baby. (tcmblog.co.uk)
The positive thing is that the majority of the cases of Placenta Previa can be diagnosed early in the pregnancy and Chinese medicine can help mothers through their pregnancy journey. (tcmblog.co.uk)
But іf the placenta іѕ ѕtіll close tо the uterus lаtеr іn pregnancy, іt саn саuѕе hemorrhage , аѕ wеll аѕ оthеr complications, whісh mау require thе delivery tо proceed. (blastingnews.com)
Placenta previa іѕ diagnosed bу ultrasound, аlthоugh thеrе аrе patients whо саn consult fоr vaginal bleeding durіng pregnancy аftеr week 20. (blastingnews.com)
My placenta wasn't in the way this time, I'd birthed babies vaginally before, and the baby was head-down and ready to go by the end of the pregnancy. (unremarkablefiles.com)
During her third pregnancy she developed a partial placenta previa and began to bleed around the seventh month. (blogspot.com)
The placenta develops, alongside the baby in the uterus, during pregnancy. (medplusmart.com)
This condition is called placenta previa and is one of the complications that can affect pregnant women during the initial days of pregnancy. (medplusmart.com)
During pregnancy, a placenta (an organ created by the body specifically for pregnancy) develops inside the uterus, which usually is located near the top of your uterus and connects to your baby through the umbilical cord. (viranginicindy.com)
The location of the placenta is checked during mid-pregnancy by ultrasound and again later if necessary. (viranginicindy.com)
Placenta previa early in your pregnancy is usually not considered a problem. (viranginicindy.com)
As far as I understand, something like 90% of instances like this will go away as the pregnancy progresses and the uterus continues to stretch, pulling the placenta up with it. (whattoexpect.com)
Placenta previa is a problem of pregnancy in which the placenta grows in the lowest part of the womb (uterus) and covers all or part of the opening t. (stlukes-stl.com)
cocaine use during pregnancy Women with a large placentae from twins or erythroblastosis are at higher risk. (wikipedia.org)
Effect of site of placentation on pregnancy outcomes in patients with placenta previa. (tci-thaijo.org)
I had this when pregnant and many women do but the placenta normally lifts as the pregnancy goes on. (medhelp.org)
Any abnormality in the way it's attached to the placenta can put a pregnancy at higher risk of complications. (whattoexpect.com)
In a normal pregnancy, fetal blood vessels run via the umbilical cord directly into the middle of the mom's placenta . (whattoexpect.com)
This uncommon pregnancy complication occurs in about 1 percent of singleton pregnancies and in up to 15 percent of identical twin pregnancies in which a single placenta is shared by both fetuses. (whattoexpect.com)

Placenta previa happens when the placenta lies low in the uterus and covers all or part of the opening to the vagina. (marchofdimes.org)
The placenta attaches to the wall of the womb (uterus) and supplies the baby with food and oxygen through the umbilical cord. (marchofdimes.org)
Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta lies very low in the uterus and covers all or part of the opening to the cervical opening that sits at the top of the vagina. (marchofdimes.org)
The placenta is usually formed along the upper part of the uterus, allowing enough space for the fetus to grow. (medbroadcast.com)
The fertilized egg implanted very low in the uterus, causing the placenta to form close to or over the cervical opening. (medbroadcast.com)
The lining of the uterus ( endometrium ) has abnormalities such as fibroids or scarring (from previous previa, incisions, caesarean sections or abortions). (medbroadcast.com)
The placenta attaches to your uterine lining, normally at the top of your uterus. (harcourthealth.com)
Sometimes, however, the placenta has attached too low inside your uterus and can partially or completely cover your cervical opening. (harcourthealth.com)
The result is that the attachment of the placenta to the wall of the uterus is lost. (millerandzois.com)
Placenta previa occurs when the placenta attaches in the lower portion of the uterus instead of in the normal position in the more muscular upper portion of the uterus. (justmommies.com)
The placenta normally attaches to the upper portion of the uterus, which is more muscular and stronger to support the placenta. (justmommies.com)
However, in placenta previa, the placenta attaches to the lower portion of the uterus which is weaker, thinner, and more vascular. (justmommies.com)
Normally, the placenta is located in the upper part of the uterus. (msdmanuals.com)
If it does not resolve, the placenta may detach from the uterus, depriving the baby of its blood supply. (msdmanuals.com)
In this condition, the placenta is not perfectly placed in the uterus. (babiekids.com)
Placenta previa is a term used to describe the unusual placement of your placenta in the uterus. (babiekids.com)
The placenta is normally located close to the uterus upper part and its work is to supply your unborn baby with nutrients via the umbilical cord. (babiekids.com)
However, in the case of placenta previa, implantation occurs in the lower part of the uterus which would mean that the upper part will not contract. (babiekids.com)
Thе placenta іѕ pancake-like organ nеаr thе top оf uterus thаt іѕ аt thе edge оf umbilical cord . (blastingnews.com)
Anу surgery whеrе the uterus hаѕ bееn manipulated mаkеѕ іt mоrе lіkеlу thаt thеrе іѕ placenta previa. (blastingnews.com)
Placenta previa саn bе complicated bу а pathology called placental accreta whісh іѕ mоrе ѕеrіоuѕ bесаuѕе іt hарреnѕ thаt thе placenta іѕ nоt оnlу іn front оf thе baby, but саn cross thе wall оf uterus аnd reach thе bladder оr intestines. (blastingnews.com)
Placenta praevia is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in a position near or over the cervical opening. (wikipedia.org)

Complete placenta previa noted on ultrasound. (medscape.com)
Another ultrasound image clearly depicting complete placenta previa. (medscape.com)
A prenatal test that uses sound waves to show a picture of your baby in the womb ( ultrasound ) usually can find placenta previa and determine the placenta's location. (marchofdimes.org)
The condition may be diagnosed by an ultrasound showing the position of the placenta. (medbroadcast.com)
Persistence of placenta previa according to gestational age at ultrasound detection. (radiopaedia.org)
Marginal previa: Placental edge is adjacent to cervical os by ultrasound (US) but not overlapping, usually within 2 cm of os. (unboundmedicine.com)
Nurses and obstetricians must use an ultrasound to rule out placenta previa when expectant mothers have symptoms, including cramping and vaginal bleeding. (beckerjustice.com)
Rushed to hospital where they did ultrasound and found my placenta did move a bit from last ultrasound but could not identify the source of the bleed. (whattoexpect.com)
A routine ultrasound or physical exam will confirm if you have placenta previa. (viranginicindy.com)
An important risk factor is the placenta previa in the presence of a uterine scar Ultrasound is the primary tool for diagnosis but MRI is helpful in cases of inconclusive or if placenta percreta is suspected.Methods: Review of case records (Retrospective case study) of women with adherent placenta during the years 2009 - 2015 at Amrita Institute Of Medical Sciences Research Centre, Kochi. (amrita.edu)
Previa can be confirmed with an ultrasound. (wikipedia.org)
Transvaginal ultrasound has superior accuracy as compared to transabdominal one, thus allowing measurement of distance between placenta and cervical os. (wikipedia.org)
Your practitioner would likely diagnose velamentous cord insertion based on ultrasound images of the placenta and umbilical cord - usually during the second trimester. (whattoexpect.com)
If an ultrasound exam suggests you have a velamentous cord insertion, you may have ultrasounds more often to monitor the condition of your baby and the placenta and make sure everything is proceeding in a healthy, safe way. (whattoexpect.com)

Because the risk of hemorrhaging is higher for women with placenta previa, mothers will be monitored for signs of hemorrhaging. (justmommies.com)
Providers recommend cesarean birth (c-section) for nearly all women with placenta previa to prevent severe bleeding. (penelopethemovie.com)
Women with placenta previa are more likely to have a deep implantation which is not easy to separate during delivery, and this is known as placenta accrete which can cause major bleeding requiring multiple blood transfusions during delivery. (babiekids.com)
Approximately 90% of women with placenta previa in the 2nd trimester will have resolution by term. (unboundmedicine.com)
Women with placenta previa often present with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. (wikipedia.org)
Prevalence of antepartum hemorrhage in women with placenta previa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (tci-thaijo.org)

The purpose of the placenta is to carry nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the fetus and to carry waste products and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the mother through the umbilical cord. (medbroadcast.com)
Cord blood is the blood from a baby that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta after birth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Your baby's umbilical cord is his lifeline, connecting him to your placenta. (whattoexpect.com)
A velamentous cord insertion is when a fetus's umbilical cord abnormally inserts on the edge of the placenta along the chorioamniotic membranes. (whattoexpect.com)
The fetal blood vessels also travel unprotected from the placenta until they come together and reach the protection of the umbilical cord. (whattoexpect.com)
Because the umbilical cord blood vessels closest to the placenta are unprotected in a velamentous cord insertion, the vessels are at slightly higher risk of compression or rupture. (whattoexpect.com)
Some women with velamentous cord insertion end up needing to have their placenta manually removed after they give birth because the umbilical cord is more fragile. (whattoexpect.com)

In this study, 57 percent of patients with bleeding placenta previa had an emergency delivery, and the frequency of emergency delivery was 42 percent after three or more bleeding episodes versus 25 to 30 percent after one or two bleeds. (penelopethemovie.com)

In most cases of placenta previa that does not correct itself, a c-section is necessary due to the location of the placenta. (justmommies.com)
3. The most accurate method, however, is the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) which gives the correct location of the placenta. (medplusmart.com)
Depending upon the said location of the placenta, the cases can divide into four stages - Partial, Low lying, Marginal and Complete Previa. (medplusmart.com)

Placenta previa is an obstetric complication that classically presents as painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester secondary to an abnormal placentation near or covering the internal cervical os. (medscape.com)
Not everyone who has placenta previa has vaginal bleeding. (marchofdimes.org)
Placenta previa symptoms can include cramping and vaginal bleeding in your second or third trimester. (harcourthealth.com)
Among other things, an attempted vaginal birth when a placenta previa is present can cause or exacerbate the separation which can lead to a stroke and other injuries. (millerandzois.com)
Vaginal exams are not recommended for the pregnant woman with placenta previa. (justmommies.com)
When placenta previa is suspected, health care providers should avoid direct vaginal examination because the exam can cause the placenta to separate and trigger severe bleeding. (beckerjustice.com)
From the moment my fifth child was born via C-section due to placenta previa , I knew that if we had a sixth child I wanted to try for a VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean. (unremarkablefiles.com)
This abnormal positioning of the placenta can cause mild to heavy vaginal bleeding, which may be painless, and can occur during a routine vaginal inspection. (medplusmart.com)
Vaginal examination is avoided in known cases of placenta previa. (wikipedia.org)

There is no treatment to change the position of the placenta. (stanfordchildrens.org)
Leopold's maneuvers may find the fetus in an oblique or breech position or lying transverse as a result of the abnormal position of the placenta. (wikipedia.org)

Placenta previa is frequently reported to occur in 0.5% of all US pregnancies. (medscape.com)
Placenta previa happens in about 1 in 200 pregnancies. (marchofdimes.org)
I DID NOT have any kind of placenta previa with their pregnancies. (babycenter.com)
Placenta previa is estimated to occur in 1 in 250 pregnancies. (medbroadcast.com)
The chances of developing placenta previa are doubled for these pregnancies. (medbroadcast.com)
The chances of developing placenta previa are increased to 1 in 20 for women who have had 6 or more pregnancies. (medbroadcast.com)
About 5% of pregnancies have some form of placenta previa during the first and second trimesters. (harcourthealth.com)
Other risk factors include a history of multiple pregnancies, prior history of placenta previa or a previous c-section, advanced maternal age, and cocaine or smoking. (millerandzois.com)
1-6% of pregnancies have sonographic evidence of previa between 10 and 20 weeks of gestation. (unboundmedicine.com)
Persistent placenta previa complicate 1 in 200 pregnancies. (unboundmedicine.com)
Placenta accreta complicated 1-5% of pregnancies with placenta previa. (unboundmedicine.com)
Placenta previa occurs in one out of every 200 pregnancies. (beckerjustice.com)

To evaluate the high risk factors, management of morbidly adherent placenta and the maternal as well as fetal outcome in our institution.Results: Out of 17 cases the incidence of placenta accreta increased from 0.15% in 2009 to 0 .26% in 2015. (amrita.edu)
Complications may include placenta accreta, dangerously low blood pressure, or bleeding after delivery. (wikipedia.org)
Placenta previa is itself a risk factor of placenta accreta. (wikipedia.org)

If placenta previa is present, the placenta is attached very low on the uterine wall. (medbroadcast.com)
This thinning makes the placenta stretch and tear away from the uterine wall, leading to bleeding. (medbroadcast.com)
Placenta previa is the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment. (millerandzois.com)
The correct medical path is delivery by c-section before term because the placenta may impede the baby coming through the birth canal, and also, with contractions, there will likely be significant bleeding as the placenta is separated from the lower uterine segment, which can be fatal or significantly injurious to mother and baby. (millerandzois.com)
However, when combined with abnormal placenta implantation in the uterine wall, placenta previa may lead to severe postpartum hemorrhage, which requires emergent hysterectomy. (penelopethemovie.com)
The placenta partially separated from the lower uterine segment. (medscape.com)
Placenta previa invading the lower uterine segment and covering the cervical os. (medscape.com)
Uterine scarring may predispose due to interference with the natural growth of the placenta. (unboundmedicine.com)

Historically, there have been three defined types of placenta previa: complete, partial, and marginal. (medscape.com)
What Are the Different Types of Placenta Previa? (justmommies.com)

A complete previa is defined as complete coverage of the cervical os by the placenta. (medscape.com)
With placental attachment and growth, the developing placenta may cover the cervical os. (medscape.com)
The internal cervical opening is completely covered by the placenta. (medbroadcast.com)
The placenta is at the edge of the internal cervical opening. (medbroadcast.com)
This is the most dangerous variation for both mother and child Marginal placenta previa is where the placenta is embedded very near to the cervical os. (millerandzois.com)
Placenta previa refers to the presence of placental tissue that extends over the internal cervical os. (penelopethemovie.com)
In this situation, the placenta entirely covers the internal cervical os from one side to the other. (radiopaedia.org)
A partial previa is when the cervical opening is partially covered when it begins to dilate. (babiekids.com)
Partial previa: Placenta covers part of internal cervical os. (unboundmedicine.com)
Extension over the cervical os is the best predictor of placenta previa at time of delivery. (unboundmedicine.com)
The distance of the placental edge from the internal cervical os was used to categorize the placenta as previa or low- lying (0.1-10 or ≥ 10-20 mm). (bvsalud.org)

What are the symptoms of placenta previa? (stanfordchildrens.org)
The symptoms of placenta previa may look like other health conditions. (stanfordchildrens.org)
You will select the homeopathic remedy according to the symptoms you exhibit for placenta previa. (viranginicindy.com)
Sepia - Has a bearing down (pressure) feeling in the pelvic area as if everything will fall out from the vagina or no symptoms with the placenta previa. (viranginicindy.com)

A leading cause of third-trimester hemorrhage, placenta previa presents classically as painless bleeding. (medscape.com)
The most common symptom of placenta previa is bright red, painless bleeding from the vagina. (stanfordchildrens.org)
The greatest risk of placenta previa is too much bleeding (hemorrhage). (stanfordchildrens.org)
Bleeding with placenta previa is painless. (stanfordchildrens.org)
The biggest sign of placenta previa is painless bleeding. (millerandzois.com)
How can I stop bleeding from placenta previa? (penelopethemovie.com)
Nevertheless, severe bleeding may occur from the placental bed after placental expulsion: in a systematic review, 16 to 29 percent of patients with a placenta previa had a postpartum hemorrhage [53]. (penelopethemovie.com)
Timing of delivery - As discussed above, planned cesarean birth of patients with stable (no bleeding or minimal bleeding) placenta previa should be accomplished at 36+0 to 37+6 weeks. (penelopethemovie.com)
After the placenta is delivered, these contractions help put pressure on the bleeding vessels in the area where the placenta was attached. (penelopethemovie.com)
Because this can lead to severe antepartum, intrapartum, and/or postpartum bleeding, placenta previa is associated with high risks for preterm birth and maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity. (penelopethemovie.com)
How common is an emergency delivery for bleeding placenta previa? (penelopethemovie.com)
Passage of the baby through the birth canal can also tear the placenta, causing severe bleeding. (msdmanuals.com)
If you see any bleeding and are doubtful of placenta previa, you should instantly get medical expert assistance on the matter. (medplusmart.com)
They ruled out bleeding is from placenta. (whattoexpect.com)
Is bleeding an indication that placenta is moving? (whattoexpect.com)
The concern for placenta previa is that it can cause bleeding, which can lead to other complications and may require an early delivery. (viranginicindy.com)
30 - Placenta previa with profuse bright red bleeding (hemorrhage). (viranginicindy.com)
More than half of women affected by placenta praevia (51.6%) have bleeding before delivery. (wikipedia.org)
Placenta praevia should be suspected if there is bleeding after 24 weeks of gestation. (wikipedia.org)

A complete previa will require a cesarean section for delivery to avoid the risk of fetal and maternal hemorrhage. (radiopaedia.org)

If the leading edge of the placenta is less than 2 cm from the internal os, but not fully covering, it is considered a marginal previa (see the following image). (medscape.com)

Placenta previa is, like placental abruption, a hemorrhagic disorder. (millerandzois.com)

What is the Cause of Placenta Previa? (justmommies.com)
The exact cause of placenta previa is not known. (medplusmart.com)
However, there are some factors that are believed to contribute to the cause of placenta previa which are stated further below. (medplusmart.com)

Self-care experiences of women who have antepartum hemorrhage from placenta previa. (tci-thaijo.org)

What are the complications of placenta previa? (stanfordchildrens.org)

During the last stage of labor , after the baby is born the placenta separates from the wall, and your contractions help push it into the birth canal (vagina). (marchofdimes.org)
B ecause of the risk of provoking life-threatening hemorrhage, a digital examination of the vagina is absolutely contraindicated until placenta previa is excluded. (penelopethemovie.com)

More recently, these definitions have been consolidated into two definitions: complete and marginal previa. (medscape.com)

Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Partial Placenta Previa in minutes with SmartDraw. (smartdraw.com)

Because of the inherent risk of hemorrhage, placenta previa may cause serious morbidity and mortality to both the fetus and the mother. (medscape.com)
The placenta provides nutrition, oxygen and a waste disposal system the fetus needs. (millerandzois.com)
Placenta previa is a critical obstetrical emergency encompasses antepartum hemorrhage and associated with the mother and the fetus. (tci-thaijo.org)

As such, sections of the placenta having undergone atrophic changes could persist as a vasa previa. (medscape.com)

Placenta previa is a condition that is caused by poor implantation of the placenta. (babiekids.com)

During the 2nd trimester, as many as 2% of pregnant women have placenta previa. (msdmanuals.com)
My 20 weeks pregnant client calls me stating she was just diagnosed with placenta previa. (viranginicindy.com)
Pregnant women face with placenta previa, need more self-care and changing in life style than normal pregnant. (tci-thaijo.org)
This article aims to provide concept of continuum care of midwives in antenatal care and promote self-care of pregnant women to prevent complication from placenta previa. (tci-thaijo.org)

La información más reciente sobre el nuevo Coronavirus de 2019, incluidas las clínicas de vacunación para niños de 6 meses en adelante. (stanfordchildrens.org)

Total previa. (babiekids.com)
Complete/total previa: Placenta covers the entire os. (unboundmedicine.com)

What causes placenta previa? (stanfordchildrens.org)
Researchers don't know what causes placenta previa. (stanfordchildrens.org)
No one knows what causes placenta previa. (marchofdimes.org)

Have had a prior diagnosis of placenta previa. (harcourthealth.com)
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with a diagnosis of a low- lying placenta or placenta previa at routine anatomic screening . (bvsalud.org)
A total of 1663 (8.7%) women had a diagnosis of a low- lying placenta or placenta previa . (bvsalud.org)
A more definitive diagnosis can be made after delivery, when the placenta can be inspected by a pathologist. (whattoexpect.com)

A meta-analysis showed that the rate of placenta previa increases with increasing numbers of cesarean deliveries, with a rate of 1% after 1 cesarean delivery, 2.8% after 3 cesarean deliveries, and as high as 3.7% after 5 cesarean deliveries. (medscape.com)

Complications that may arise include placenta abruption , hemorrhaging, preterm labor , or anemia for either mother or baby. (justmommies.com)
Placenta previa can increase preterm birth rate, perinatal mortality rate and maternal mortality rate. (tci-thaijo.org)
Type and location of placenta previa affect preterm delivery risk related to antepartum hemorrhage. (tci-thaijo.org)

Women who had been previously diagnosed with placenta previa are at a higher risk of developing placenta accrete, placenta increate and placenta percreta. (babiekids.com)

Morbidly adherent placenta is a life threatening obstetric emergency. (amrita.edu)

A complete placenta previa , also known as a type IV placenta previa , is the most severe in terms of the placenta previa spectrum . (radiopaedia.org)

Although there are certain risk factors for placenta previa, we are not certain what causes it. (justmommies.com)
Placenta previa and LSCS were the major risk factors. (amrita.edu)
The following have been identified as risk factors for placenta previa: Previous placenta previa (recurrence rate 4-8%), caesarean delivery, myomectomy or endometrium damage caused by D&C. Women who are younger than 20 are at higher risk and women older than 35 are at increasing risk as they get older. (wikipedia.org)

What is the most common complication of placenta previa? (penelopethemovie.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes9

Health Care2

Maternal placental abnormality and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. (1/80)

Placenta previa: preponderance of male sex at birth. (2/80)

Prenatal diagnosis of placenta previa accreta by transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound. (3/80)

Caesarean section for placenta praevia: a retrospective study of anaesthetic management. (4/80)

Clinical significance of placenta previa detected at early routine transvaginal scan. (5/80)

The relevance of placental location at 20-23 gestational weeks for prediction of placenta previa at delivery: evaluation of 8650 cases. (6/80)

Diagnosis of low-lying placenta: can migration in the third trimester predict outcome? (7/80)

Third-trimester transvaginal ultrasonography in placenta previa: does the shape of the lower placental edge predict clinical outcome? (8/80)

No images available that match "placenta previa"

Placenta Previa

Placenta

Placenta Accreta

Uterine Hemorrhage

Cardiotocography

Vasa Previa

Cesarean Section

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Trimester, Second

Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Cesarean Section, Repeat

Placenta Diseases

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Pregnancy Trimester, Third

Abruptio Placentae

Dilatation and Curettage

Anemia, Neonatal

Pregnancy Outcome

Endotamponade

Gestational Age

Pregnancy, High-Risk

Hysterectomy

Premature Birth

Maternal Age

Parity

Pregnancy Trimester, First

Pregnancy Complications

Placenta, Retained

Maternal placental abnormality and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. (1/80)

Placenta previa: preponderance of male sex at birth. (2/80)

Prenatal diagnosis of placenta previa accreta by transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound. (3/80)

Caesarean section for placenta praevia: a retrospective study of anaesthetic management. (4/80)

Clinical significance of placenta previa detected at early routine transvaginal scan. (5/80)

The relevance of placental location at 20-23 gestational weeks for prediction of placenta previa at delivery: evaluation of 8650 cases. (6/80)

Diagnosis of low-lying placenta: can migration in the third trimester predict outcome? (7/80)

Third-trimester transvaginal ultrasonography in placenta previa: does the shape of the lower placental edge predict clinical outcome? (8/80)

Placenta praevia

List of ICD-9 codes 630-679: complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium

Placenta accreta spectrum

Alice Weld Tallant

Eclampsia

Lani Price

Vasa praevia

Uterine inversion

Maternal mortality in the United States

Surrogacy

Anemia in pregnancy

Vesicouterine fistula

Early pregnancy bleeding

Obstetrical bleeding

Pre-existing disease in pregnancy

Smoking and pregnancy

Lower segment Caesarean section

Pregnancy

Vaginal bleeding

Drugs in pregnancy

Vaginal delivery

Cervical dilation

Bloody show

List of captive orcas

Uterine atony

Antepartum bleeding

Home birth

Placental abruption

Justine Siegemund

Perinatal stroke

Cervix51

Pregnancy49

Uterus22

Ultrasound14

Women with placenta previa6

Umbilical cord7

Patients with bleeding placen1

Location of the placenta3

Vaginal9

Position of the placenta2

Pregnancies12

Accreta3

Uterine8

Types of placenta2