'Pleural diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that affect the pleura, the thin, double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs, including inflammation (pleurisy), effusions (excess fluid buildup), thickening, or tumors, which may cause chest pain, coughing, and breathing difficulties.
A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.
The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs (LUNG) and lining the THORACIC CAVITY. Pleura consist of two layers, the inner visceral pleura lying next to the pulmonary parenchyma and the outer parietal pleura. Between the two layers is the PLEURAL CAVITY which contains a thin film of liquid.
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.
Neoplasms of the thin serous membrane that envelopes the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. Pleural neoplasms are exceedingly rare and are usually not diagnosed until they are advanced because in the early stages they produce no symptoms.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.
Endoscopes for examining the pleural cavity.
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.
Tuberculosis of the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs.
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Surgical procedure involving the creation of an opening (stoma) into the chest cavity for drainage; used in the treatment of PLEURAL EFFUSION; PNEUMOTHORAX; HEMOTHORAX; and EMPYEMA.
Paired but separate cavity within the THORACIC CAVITY. It consists of the space between the parietal and visceral PLEURA and normally contains a capillary layer of serous fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces.
A procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from a body cavity or organ via a trocar and cannula, needle, or other hollow instrument.
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
The posture of an individual lying face up.

Magnetic resonance appearance of asbestos-related benign and malignant pleural diseases. (1/296)

OBJECTIVES: This study describes the magnetic resonance findings of benign and malignant pleural diseases in asbestos-exposed subjects. METHODS: Thirty patients with a history of asbestos exposure and pleural lesions in chest X-rays and computed tomography scans were examined with a 0.5- and a 1.5-T magnetic resonance unit. The examination protocol included cardiac-gated proton density and T2-weighted images, unenhanced and enhanced (Gd-DTPA; 0.1 mmol/ kg) T1-weighted images in the axial plane and sometimes in another orthogonal plane (sagittal or coronal or both). All the magnetic resonance images were reviewed by 3 experienced observers, who visually evaluated morphologic features, signal intensity, and contrast enhancement of pleural lesions. The diagnosis was established by means of percutaneous biopsy, thoracotomy, and combined clinical and radiological follow-up for at least 3 years. RESULTS: Eighteen patients affected with multiple pleural plaques showed low signal intensity on both unenhanced and enhanced T1-weighted and proton density and T2-weighted images. In 2 of these patients an acute pleural effusion was observed. All the malignant lesions (11 mesotheliomas) and a solitary benign pleural plaque revealed high signal intensity on the proton density and T2-weighted images and inhomogeneous contrast enhancement in the postcontrast T1-weighted images. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the magnetic resonance imaging in classifying a lesion as suggestive of malignancy were 100%, 95% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results point out 2 magnetic resonance signal intensity patterns for asbestos-related pleural lesions: (i) low-signal intensity on unenhanced and enhanced T1-weighted and proton density and T2-weighted images for benign plaques and (ii) nonhomogeneous hyperintensity in T2-weighted and enhanced T1-weighted images for malignant mesotheliomas.  (+info)

Suction curettage for removal of retained intrathoracic blood clots and pleural lesions. (2/296)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a thoracoscopic technique for correcting and/or removing an intrathoracic disease process using our existing operating room equipment and without a "small thoracotomy." METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Fifty-eight patients from October 1994 to April 1998 were prospectively studied. All were undergoing procedures involving the removal of a suspected benign (or infectious) pleural process or a retained blood clot. Three or four thoracic ports were used in all cases. Straight and curved suction curettage cannulae (with finger valve attachment) ranging from 8 to 16 French were available for use. Intermittent variable suction (between zero and 60 mm Hg) was used in all cases. Dependent upon the size and adherence of the lesion to be removed, the pressure was determined by the surgeon and regulated by the circulating nurse in the room. In each case, a trap system was used for retrieval of the specimen. One lung ventilation was used in every case, and when suction was used one of the ports was kept "open" to allow room air to enter the chest cavity. RESULTS: All patients in our series had their procedures completed without the need for any kind of open thoracotomy. Pre and postoperative diagnosis concurred in all 10 patients, and no complications occurred (specifically, no injury to the lung tissue or chest wall structures). Operative time ranged from 45 minutes to 180 minutes with a mean of 75 minutes. In all cases of a hemothorax, a cell saver system was used for an average of one unit of blood autotransfused per case. CONCLUSIONS: New techniques do not always require the purchase of new equipment. Tight hospital budgets are forcing surgeons to rely on redefining uses of instrumentation already available in solving surgical problems. We believe that the use of this instrumentation will provide another avenue for surgeons to successfully complete a procedure thoracoscopically without the need for a thoracotomy. It is through multidisciplinary conferences such as the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons that ideas such as this are propagated.  (+info)

Increased serum concentrations of growth factor receptors and Neu in workers previously exposed to asbestos. (3/296)

OBJECTIVES: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and oncogene Neu belong to a family of growth factor receptors which may play a part in carcinogenesis. Although increased serum concentrations of Neu and EGFR have been shown in several patients with asbestosis who later developed cancer, serum concentrations have not been studied in workers exposed in the past to asbestos but without asbestos related diseases. METHODS: Serum concentrations of secreted growth factor receptors were studied in 300 workers exposed in the past to asbestos and the results were compared with those of 70 controls. RESULTS: In the controls 4.3% (3/70) had EGFR values > 912 units/ml, compared with 39% (117/299) of the exposed group (p < 0.001). The difference in high values was even more pronounced for Neu with 4.3% of controls having Neu values > 2580 fmol/ml compared with 72% (216/299) of the exposed workers (p < 0.001). Pleural plaques predicted lower serum concentrations of EGFR but not lower Neu concentrations, and this finding remained significant after adjustment for age, exposure time, smoking, and time from initial exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced secretion of EGFR and Neu was found in a large cohort of retired asbestos workers with a wide range of exposure and latency periods. They did not have asbestosis or cancer and their EGFR values were higher in those without plaques. Further studies are needed to confirm our results, to determine the source of the secreted growth factor receptors, and to study their possible value as risk factors in the development of cancer.  (+info)

Carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen in ELF: elevation in asbestosis, but not in pleural plaque disease. (4/296)

Markers of collagen metabolism may possibly be used in the assessment of pulmonary involvement in asbestosis-related pulmonary diseases. In this study the levels of the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and serum from patients with asbestos related pulmonary and pleural involvement. Forty-two consecutive patients with occupational exposure to asbestos fibres, who underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at the time of the diagnosis were investigated. Five patients were diagnosed as having asbestosis, while 37 showed no parenchymal involvement. Of the latter group, 25 had pleural plaques, while 12 had no detectable changes in chest radiographs. The patients were followed-up for an average of 7 yrs. The PICP in BALF and ELF was detectable in all patients with asbestosis and in 8/37 subjects without parenchymal involvement. The levels of PICP in BALF and ELF were significantly higher in the asbestosis group compared to the patients without asbestosis (9.8+/-1.8 microg x L(-1) versus 0.6+/-1.3 microg x L(-1), p<0.001 and 488.9+/-208.8 microg x L(-1) versus 22.6+/-50.6 microg x L(-1), p<0.001, respectively). Only 1 patient with asbestosis and 3 patients without parenchymal involvement had detectable levels of PIIINP in BALF. The serum levels of PICP and PIIINP did not differ between the patients with asbestosis and those with exposure to asbestos fibres without asbestosis and were within the normal range. None of the 37 patients exposed to asbestos fibres without parenchymal involvement at the baseline developed asbestosis during the follow-up period of 7 yrs. In conclusion, the data show that the carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen type I, but not the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen is highly elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and epithelial lining fluid in patients with asbestosis, but not in those without parenchymal involvement. This suggests that the determination of carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen type I in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid could be used as a marker of parenchymal involvement in patients exposed to asbestos fibres.  (+info)

Familial extensive idiopathic bilateral pleural fibrosis. (5/296)

The authors report three sisters with bilateral isolated apical pleural fibrosis of unknown origin, which did not respond to empirical antituberculosis therapy and oral corticosteroids. The disease evolved in an unrelenting fashion producing pleural fibrosis at the lung bases and leading to the death of two sisters and to lung transplantation in the other one. There was no history of other familial disease or consanguinity. The particular features of these cases and the differences from other reports of apparently cryptogenic pleural fibrosis are outlined.  (+info)

Mortality due to asbestos-related causes among railway carriage construction and repair workers. (6/296)

The objective of this study was to further clarify the cancer risk associated with asbestos exposure in railway carriage construction and repair. The cohort included 734 subjects employed between 1 January 1945 and 31 December 1969. Vital status was ascertained at 31 December 1997. Mortality was investigated in the time span 1970-97. Forty-two subjects (6%) were lost to follow-up and eight causes of death (4%) could not be ascertained. The overall mortality was not above the expected value. Among neoplastic diseases, excesses were observed for lung standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 124; 90% confidence interval (CI) = 87-172; 26 obs), pleura (SMR = 1,327; CI = 523-2,790; 5 obs), larynx (SMR = 240; CI = 95-505; 5 obs), liver (SMR = 241; CI = 126-420; 9 obs), pancreas (SMR = 224; CI = 98-443; 6 obs) and multiple myeloma (SMR = 429; CI = 117-1,109; 3 obs). The observed excess of lung and pleural neoplasms can be causally related to asbestos exposure in the manufacture of railway carriages. A causal role of asbestos exposure in the raised SMRs from laryngeal and pancreatic neoplasms and multiple myeloma cannot be conclusively proven.  (+info)

High-resolution computed tomography in cases with environmental exposure to asbestos in Turkey. (7/296)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although all parts of the lung can be affected as a consequence of asbestos exposure, most CT protocols tend to scan only the middle and lower parts of the thorax. The aim of this study was to investigate parenchymal and pleural lesions of persons exposed to environmental asbestos, using a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) protocol scanning the whole thorax. METHODS: We analyzed the chest radiographs and HRCT scans of 26 patients who presented bilaterally with multiple pleural plaques related to environmental asbestos exposure. RESULTS: Twenty-four cases (92%) had an abnormal HRCT suggestive of asbestosis. Apart from common HRCT changes related to asbestosis, we detected apical pleural thickening (APT) in 9 cases as well as a coarse honeycomb pattern adjacent to APT in 7 of these cases. Cavitary lesions due to pulmonary tuberculosis were observed on HRCT scans from 4 patients in total. Neither apical pulmonary fibrosis nor cavitary lesions were visible on chest radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the HRCT protocol for examining asbestos-exposed individuals with pleural plaques on chest X-rays should include the whole thorax, since the asbestos-related pathologies may involve all parts of the lung.  (+info)

Pulmonary calcifications: a review. (8/296)

Pulmonary calcification is a common asymptomatic finding, usually discovered on routine chest X-ray or at autopsy. Pulmonary calcifications are caused mainly by two mechanisms: the dystrophic form and the metastatic form (1). Despite the different aetiologies, the pulmonary function and clinical manifestations are quite similar in both forms. We present a review of the clinical and radiology findings of the different aspects of pulmonary calcifications according to its pathogenesis and its anatomic distribution: parenchymal, lymphe node and pleural.  (+info)

Pleural diseases refer to conditions that affect the pleura, which is the thin, double-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. The space between these two layers contains a small amount of fluid that helps the lungs move smoothly during breathing. Pleural diseases can cause inflammation, infection, or abnormal collections of fluid in the pleural space, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, cough, and difficulty breathing.

Some common examples of pleural diseases include:

1. Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura that causes sharp chest pain, often worsened by breathing or coughing.
2. Pleural effusion: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which can be caused by various underlying conditions such as heart failure, pneumonia, cancer, or autoimmune disorders.
3. Empyema: A collection of pus in the pleural space, usually resulting from a bacterial infection.
4. Pleural thickening: Scarring and hardening of the pleura, which can restrict lung function and cause breathlessness.
5. Mesothelioma: A rare form of cancer that affects the pleura, often caused by exposure to asbestos.
6. Pneumothorax: A collection of air in the pleural space, which can result from trauma or a rupture of the lung tissue.

Proper diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, often involving imaging tests such as chest X-rays or CT scans, as well as fluid analysis or biopsy if necessary.

Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease that is caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. It is characterized by scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue, which can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain. The severity of the disease can range from mild to severe, and it is often progressive, meaning that it tends to worsen over time. Asbestosis is not a malignant condition, but it can increase the risk of developing lung cancer or mesothelioma, which are forms of cancer that are associated with asbestos exposure. The disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as chest X-rays or CT scans. There is no cure for asbestosis, but treatment can help to manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.

The pleura is the medical term for the double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are called the parietal pleura, which lines the chest cavity, and the visceral pleura, which covers the surface of the lungs.

The space between these two layers is called the pleural cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows the lungs to move smoothly within the chest during breathing. The main function of the pleura is to protect the lungs and facilitate their movement during respiration.

Pleural effusion is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which is the thin, fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. This space typically contains a small amount of fluid to allow for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing. However, when an excessive amount of fluid accumulates, it can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain.

Pleural effusions can be caused by various underlying medical conditions, including pneumonia, heart failure, cancer, pulmonary embolism, and autoimmune disorders. The fluid that accumulates in the pleural space can be transudative or exudative, depending on the cause of the effusion. Transudative effusions are caused by increased pressure in the blood vessels or decreased protein levels in the blood, while exudative effusions are caused by inflammation, infection, or cancer.

Diagnosis of pleural effusion typically involves a physical examination, chest X-ray, and analysis of the fluid in the pleural space. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the effusion and may include medications, drainage of the fluid, or surgery.

Pleural neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the pleura, which is the thin, double layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Malignant pleural neoplasms are often associated with lung cancer, mesothelioma, or metastasis from other types of cancer. They can cause symptoms such as chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans, followed by biopsy to confirm the type of tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Thoracoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope, is inserted through a small incision between the ribs to examine the lungs and pleural space (the space surrounding the lungs). It allows the surgeon to directly view the chest cavity, take biopsies, and perform various operations. This procedure is often used in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusions, lung cancer, and other chest conditions.

Pleurisy is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pleura, which are the thin membranes that surround the lungs and line the inside of the chest cavity. The pleura normally produce a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing. However, when they become inflamed (a condition known as pleuritis), this can cause pain and difficulty breathing.

The symptoms of pleurisy may include sharp chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing, shortness of breath, cough, fever, and muscle aches. The pain may be localized to one area of the chest or may radiate to other areas such as the shoulders or back.

Pleurisy can have many different causes, including bacterial or viral infections, autoimmune disorders, pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to the lungs), and certain medications or chemicals. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation, as well as managing symptoms such as pain and breathing difficulties with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids. In some cases, more invasive treatments such as thoracentesis (removal of fluid from the chest cavity) may be necessary.

A thoracoscope is not a medical condition, but a medical device used in the field of thoracic surgery. It is a type of endoscope that allows surgeons to view the inside of the chest cavity (thorax) through small incisions. The thoracoscope has a light source and a camera at its tip, which transmits images to a video monitor. This enables the surgeon to inspect the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, and diaphragm, take biopsies, and perform various surgical procedures, such as pleurodesis or lung resection, minimizing invasiveness and promoting faster recovery compared to traditional open thoracotomy.

Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops in the mesothelial cells, which are the thin layers of tissue that cover many of the internal organs. The most common site for mesothelioma to occur is in the pleura, the membrane that surrounds the lungs. This type is called pleural mesothelioma. Other types include peritoneal mesothelioma (which occurs in the lining of the abdominal cavity) and pericardial mesothelioma (which occurs in the lining around the heart).

Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos, a group of naturally occurring minerals that were widely used in construction, insulation, and other industries because of their heat resistance and insulating properties. When asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested, they can become lodged in the mesothelium, leading to inflammation, scarring, and eventually cancerous changes in the cells.

The symptoms of mesothelioma can take many years to develop after exposure to asbestos, and they may include chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weight loss. Treatment options for mesothelioma depend on the stage and location of the cancer, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Unfortunately, the prognosis for mesothelioma is often poor, with a median survival time of around 12-18 months after diagnosis.

Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring mineral fibers that are resistant to heat, chemical reactions, and electrical currents. There are six types of asbestos, but the most common ones are chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite. Asbestos has been widely used in various construction materials, such as roofing shingles, ceiling and floor tiles, paper products, and cement products.

Exposure to asbestos can cause serious health problems, including lung cancer, mesothelioma (a rare form of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, heart, or abdomen), and asbestosis (a chronic lung disease characterized by scarring of the lung tissue). These health risks are related to the inhalation of asbestos fibers, which can become lodged in the lungs and cause inflammation and scarring over time.

As a result, the use of asbestos has been heavily regulated in many countries, and its use is banned in several others. Despite these regulations, asbestos remains a significant public health concern due to the large number of buildings and products that still contain it.

Malignant pleural effusion is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (the area between the lungs and the chest wall) due to the spread of malignant (cancerous) cells from a primary tumor located elsewhere in the body. This type of effusion is typically associated with advanced-stage cancer, and it can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain. The presence of malignant pleural effusion often indicates a poor prognosis, and treatment is generally focused on palliating symptoms and improving quality of life.

Pleural Tuberculosis is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) that involves the infection and inflammation of the pleura, which are the thin membranes that surround the lungs and line the inside of the chest cavity. This condition is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which can spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

In pleural tuberculosis, the bacteria reach the pleura either through direct extension from a nearby lung infection or via bloodstream dissemination. The infection can cause the pleura to become inflamed and produce excess fluid, leading to pleural effusion. This accumulation of fluid in the pleural space can cause chest pain, coughing, and difficulty breathing.

Diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans, and laboratory tests such as acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy, culture, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) to detect the presence of M. tuberculosis in the pleural fluid or tissue samples.

Treatment of pleural tuberculosis typically involves a standard course of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT), which includes a combination of multiple antibiotics such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's response to therapy. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the pleural effusion or remove the infected pleura.

Lung diseases refer to a broad category of disorders that affect the lungs and other structures within the respiratory system. These diseases can impair lung function, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and wheezing. They can be categorized into several types based on the underlying cause and nature of the disease process. Some common examples include:

1. Obstructive lung diseases: These are characterized by narrowing or blockage of the airways, making it difficult to breathe out. Examples include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis.
2. Restrictive lung diseases: These involve stiffening or scarring of the lungs, which reduces their ability to expand and take in air. Examples include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and asbestosis.
3. Infectious lung diseases: These are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that infect the lungs. Examples include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and influenza.
4. Vascular lung diseases: These affect the blood vessels in the lungs, impairing oxygen exchange. Examples include pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).
5. Neoplastic lung diseases: These involve abnormal growth of cells within the lungs, leading to cancer. Examples include small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and mesothelioma.
6. Other lung diseases: These include interstitial lung diseases, pleural effusions, and rare disorders such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

It is important to note that this list is not exhaustive, and there are many other conditions that can affect the lungs. Proper diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases require consultation with a healthcare professional, such as a pulmonologist or respiratory therapist.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Occupational exposure refers to the contact of an individual with potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents as a result of their job or occupation. This can include exposure to hazardous substances such as chemicals, heavy metals, or dusts; physical agents such as noise, radiation, or ergonomic stressors; and biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi.

Occupational exposure can occur through various routes, including inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or injection. Prolonged or repeated exposure to these hazards can increase the risk of developing acute or chronic health conditions, such as respiratory diseases, skin disorders, neurological damage, or cancer.

Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to minimize occupational exposures through the implementation of appropriate control measures, including engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and training programs. Regular monitoring and surveillance of workers' health can also help identify and prevent potential health hazards in the workplace.

Occupational diseases are health conditions or illnesses that occur as a result of exposure to hazards in the workplace. These hazards can include physical, chemical, and biological agents, as well as ergonomic factors and work-related psychosocial stressors. Examples of occupational diseases include respiratory illnesses caused by inhaling dust or fumes, hearing loss due to excessive noise exposure, and musculoskeletal disorders caused by repetitive movements or poor ergonomics. The development of an occupational disease is typically related to the nature of the work being performed and the conditions in which it is carried out. It's important to note that these diseases can be prevented or minimized through proper risk assessment, implementation of control measures, and adherence to safety regulations.

Pneumothorax is a medical condition that refers to the presence of air in the pleural space, which is the potential space between the lungs and the chest wall. This collection of air can result in a partial or complete collapse of the lung. The symptoms of pneumothorax may include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, and rapid heartbeat.

The two main types of pneumothorax are spontaneous pneumothorax, which occurs without any apparent cause or underlying lung disease, and secondary pneumothorax, which is caused by an underlying lung condition such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or lung cancer.

Treatment for pneumothorax may include observation, oxygen therapy, needle aspiration, or chest tube insertion to remove the excess air from the pleural space and allow the lung to re-expand. In severe cases, surgery may be required to prevent recurrence.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Thoracostomy is a surgical procedure that involves the creation of an opening into the chest cavity to relieve excessive pressure, drain fluid or air accumulation, or provide access for surgery. It is commonly performed to treat conditions such as pneumothorax (collapsed lung), hemothorax (blood in the chest cavity), pleural effusion (excess fluid in the pleural space), and empyema (pus in the pleural space).

During a thoracostomy, a healthcare professional makes an incision on the chest wall and inserts a tube called a thoracostomy tube or chest tube. The tube is connected to a drainage system that helps remove the air, fluid, or blood from the chest cavity. This procedure can be performed as an emergency treatment or as a planned surgical intervention.

The medical definition of thoracostomy includes the following key components:

1. A surgical procedure
2. Involving the creation of an opening
3. Into the chest cavity (thorax)
4. To relieve pressure, drain fluids or air, or provide access for surgery
5. Often performed with the insertion of a thoracostomy tube or chest tube
6. Used to treat various conditions related to the pleural space and lungs

The pleural cavity is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura, which are the two membranes that surround the lungs. The visceral pleura covers the outside of the lungs, while the parietal pleura lines the inside of the chest wall. Under normal conditions, these two layers are in contact with each other, and the space between them is virtually nonexistent. However, when air, fluid or inflammation accumulates within this space, it results in the formation of a pleural effusion, which can cause discomfort and difficulty breathing.

Paracentesis is a medical procedure in which a thin needle or catheter is inserted through the abdominal wall to remove excess fluid from the peritoneal cavity. This procedure is also known as abdominal tap or paracentesis aspiration. The fluid removed, called ascites, can be analyzed for infection, malignant cells, or other signs of disease. Paracentesis may be performed to relieve symptoms caused by the buildup of excess fluid in the abdomen, such as pain, difficulty breathing, or loss of appetite. It is commonly used to diagnose and manage conditions such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, heart failure, and kidney failure.

Local anesthetics are a type of medication that is used to block the sensation of pain in a specific area of the body. They work by temporarily numbing the nerves in that area, preventing them from transmitting pain signals to the brain. Local anesthetics can be administered through various routes, including topical application (such as creams or gels), injection (such as into the skin or tissues), or regional nerve blocks (such as epidural or spinal anesthesia).

Some common examples of local anesthetics include lidocaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine. These medications can be used for a variety of medical procedures, ranging from minor surgeries (such as dental work or skin biopsies) to more major surgeries (such as joint replacements or hernia repairs).

Local anesthetics are generally considered safe when used appropriately, but they can have side effects and potential complications. These may include allergic reactions, toxicity (if too much is administered), and nerve damage (if the medication is injected into a nerve). It's important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully when using local anesthetics, and to report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly.

The supine position is a term used in medicine to describe a body posture where an individual is lying down on their back, with their face and torso facing upwards. This position is often adopted during various medical procedures, examinations, or when resting, as it allows for easy access to the front of the body. It is also the position automatically assumed by most people who are falling asleep.

It's important to note that in the supine position, the head can be flat on the surface or raised with the use of pillows or specialized medical equipment like a hospital bed. This can help to alleviate potential issues such as breathing difficulties or swelling in the face and head.

Pleural sarcomas Pleural angiosarcoma Pleural desmoplastic small round cell tumor (pleural DSRCT) Pleural synovial sarcoma ... Pleural disease occurs in the pleural space, which is the thin fluid-filled area in between the two pulmonary pleurae in the ... embolism Pleurisy Pneumonia Pleural infections Pleural endometriosis Pleuritis Pleural mesothelial hyperplasia Pleural ... calcified fibrous pseudotumor Pleural thickening, including pleural plaques Pleural cavity "Pleural Tumors - Health ...
Diseases of the pleural cavity include: Pneumothorax: a collection of air within the pleural cavity Pleural effusion: a fluid ... The pleural cavity, pleural space, or interpleural space is the potential space between the pleurae of the pleural sac that ... The pleural cavity also contains pleural fluid, which acts as a lubricant and allows the pleurae to slide effortlessly against ... Green-white, turbid: Rheumatoid arthritis with pleural effusion. Green-brown: Biliary disease, bowel perforation with ascites. ...
Pleural disease Unless otherwise specified in boxes, reference is: Laura-Jane Smith; Jerry Brown; Jennifer Quint (2015). Eureka ... doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-06794-2.00068-7. Myers R (July 2012). "Asbestos-related pleural disease". Curr Opin Pulm Med. 18 (4): ... Torigian, Drew A.; Lau, Charles T.; Miller, Wallace T. (2011). Chapter 68 - Pleural Diseases in Radiology Secrets Plus. pp. 478 ... Pleural thickening is an increase in the bulkiness of one or both of the pulmonary pleurae. Pleural plaques are patchy ...
p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4. Richard W. Light (1 April 2007). Pleural diseases. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 376-. ISBN 978- ...
Light, Richard J. (2007). Pleural diseases. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 172-3. ISBN 978-0-7817-6957-0. ( ...
Light, Richard W. (2013). Pleural Diseases. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-4511-7599-8 ... Pleural fluid analysis is one way to diagnose the condition. The pleural fluid is most often straw-colored, and it has a ... when a urinoma drains into the pleural space via linkage between the lymphatics of the retroperitoneal and pleural regions. Due ... Urine can reach the pleural space either directly or indirectly. It can reach directly, by going through pores in the thoracic ...
cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) Light, Richard W. (2007-01-01). Pleural Diseases. Lippincott Williams & ... PVOD may occur in patients with associated diseases such as HIV, bone marrow transplantation, and connective tissue diseases. ... Chloe Temtchine, American singer-songwriter with PVOD "Pulmonary venoocclusive disease , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information ... The disease is progressive and fatal, with median survival of about 2 years from the time of diagnosis to death. The definitive ...
BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group) (August 2010). "Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society Pleural ... stripping of the pleural lining) of the outer pleural layer and pleural abrasion (scraping of the pleura) of the inner layer. ... Light RW (2007). Pleural diseases (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-7817-6957-0. Sahn SA, Heffner JE ... Light RW (2007). Pleural diseases (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-7817-6957-0. Carson-Chahhoud KV ...
Light, RW (2013). "Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Pleura". Pleural Diseases (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1-7. ISBN ... Diseases where thrombolysis is used: ST elevation myocardial infarction: Large trials have shown that mortality can be reduced ... 1.7 Known advanced liver disease, advanced right heart failure, or anticoagulation, and INR > 1.5 (no need to wait for INR ... ischemic attack within 6 months Dementia Infective endocarditis Active cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis Advanced liver disease ...
"Asbestos Related - Pleural Disease". www.berniebanton.com.au. "Bernie Banton AM". www.berniebanton.com.au. (Use dmy dates from ... Bernie himself suffered from asbestosis, Asbestos Related Pleural Disease (ARPD) and then finally peritoneal mesothelioma. ... It was an Australian national (New South Wales based and registered) mesothelioma cancer, and other asbestos related diseases ... to assist people to navigate the difficult journey an asbestos related disease diagnosis presents; to enable people to have ...
"Pleural disease in the intensive care unit". In Bouros D (ed.). Pleural Disease (Lung Biology in Health and Disease). Florida: ... "Pleural effusions in gastrointestinal tract diseases". In Bouros D (ed.). Pleural Disease (Lung Biology in Health and Disease ... When the pleural membranes are punctured, as occurs in penetrating trauma of the chest, air may travel from the lung to the ... Air can leak out of the pleural space through an incision made for a thoracotomy to cause subcutaneous emphysema. On infrequent ...
"Standard pleural biopsy versus CT-guided cutting-needle biopsy for diagnosis of malignant disease in pleural effusions: a ... at distinguishing malignant pleural effusions from other causes of pleural effusion, based on the presence of visible pleural ... Biomarkers that have been shown to be raised in malignant pleural effusions compared to benign disease include vascular ... Pleural fluid cytology is positive in 60% of cases. However, in the remaining cases, pleural biopsy is required. Image guided ...
Pleural disease or lymphatic blockages can lead to a build-up of serous fluid within the pleural space, known as a pleural ... For recurrent pleural effusions, pleurodesis can be performed to establish permanent obliteration of the pleural space. Pleural ... If the pleural functional vacuum stays intact, the pleural space will remain as collapsed as possible and cause the visceral ... Light, Richard W. (2007). Pleural Diseases. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0781769570. Wikimedia Commons has media ...
The shadows that accompany the ribs may mimic pleural and lung disease. Scapular companion shadow overlie the scapula, with a ... Scapular companion shadows may be mistaken for a soft-tissue or pleural lesion. [1], Lange S., Walsh G. Radiology of chest ... diseases, 2nd Edition, 1998 [2], Kurihara Y., Yakushiji Y.K., Matsumoto J., Ishikawa T., Hirata K., The Ribs: Anatomic and ...
... Foundation Devil's Dust Asbestos Related Pleural Disease (ARPD) Angela Welsh. Review: Killer Company Archived 21 ... being diagnosed with asbestosis and also asbestos-related pleural disease (ARPD) in January 1999 after having worked at James ... Banton brought an action against Amaca Pty Ltd before the Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales. Banton's final campaign ... The Foundation's aim was to be: 'The voice of reason for Australian asbestos related disease sufferers, their carers and loved ...
"Circulating FGF18 is decreased in pleural mesothelioma but not correlated with disease prognosis". Thoracic Cancer. 14 (22): ... Another study suggested the ability of FGF18 to inhibit intravertebral disc degeneration in a rabbit model of the disease. ... Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 80 (8): 1062-1069. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219181. ISSN 1468-2060. PMC 8292562. PMID ... Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 80 (8): 1062-1069. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219181. ISSN 1468-2060. PMC 8292562. PMID ...
"A Case of IgG4-Related Disease Presenting as Massive Pleural Effusion and Thrombophlebitis". Tuberculosis and Respiratory ... related disease: an orphan disease with many faces". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 9: 110. doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0110-z. ... IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), formerly known as IgG4-related systemic disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition ... IgG4-related ophthalmic disease IgG4-related prostatitis IgG4-related skin disease Wallace, Zachary S.; Deshpande, Vikram; ...
Pleural Disease. Archived 8 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Light, R.W. Diagnostic principles in pleural disease. European ... Pleural Disease. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2006. Klein RC (October 1984). "Effects of indomethacin on pleural pain". South. Med. ... Pleural Disease. PDF Archived 8 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Raed A. Dweik. Cleveland Clinic Center for Continuous ... Getting rest Ideally, the treatment of pleurisy is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause of the disease. If the pleural ...
In rare cases, patients with minimal pleural effusions are included in the limited-disease protocols; this includes those with ... In addition, patients with an ipsilateral pleural effusion are frequently excluded from the limited-disease category. ... Likewise, ambiguities in the definition of limited disease also occurs in classification of the limited disease with reference ... Small cell lung cancer is often treated as a systematic disease due to its tendency for early dissemination, thus, instead of ...
The vast differential diagnosis also includes: Pleural diseases including pleurisy, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and ... There is limited literature on surgical treatment of this disease, and overall research on the treatment of severe, chronic ... Garrell M, Meltzer S (November 1959). "Tietze's Syndrome: A Case Report". Diseases of the Chest. 36 (5): 560-61. doi:10.1378/ ... Landon J, Malpas JS (September 1959). "Tietze's syndrome". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 18 (3): 249-54. doi:10.1136/ard. ...
1955 there was a short case series of about 10 patients with RA whose autopsies showed that the pleural disease was much higher ... Rheumatoid lung disease is a disease of the lung associated with RA, rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid lung disease is ... The following tests may also show signs of rheumatoid lung disease: Chest x-ray may show: pleural effusion lower zone ... Smoking has long been linked to RA and worsens articular disease as well as rheumatoid lung disease. Exposure to cigarette ...
It can present as pleural effusion, pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung disease, thromboembolic disease, and others.[ ... "Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, MCTD". The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Nevares AM, Larner R. "Mixed Connective Tissue Disease ( ... Mixed connective tissue disease, commonly abbreviated as MCTD, is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of ... The idea behind the "mixed" disease is that this specific autoantibody is also present in other autoimmune diseases such as ...
Lung involvement may manifest as shortness of breath, interstitial lung disease, pleural effusion, and even respiratory failure ... Dog diseases, Cat diseases, Foodborne illnesses, Tropical diseases, Zoonoses). ... Toxocariasis at eMedicine "Fact Sheet: Toxocariasis". Division of Parasitic diseases. Centers for Disease Control and ... Division of Parasitic diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010 ...
Many of them would develop fatal diseases due to this, such as pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer.[citation needed] Despite ... operating years would be diagnosed with a fatal disease caused by their dangerous exposures to blue asbestos. This would be an ... Management of Dust Hazards and Diseases - The Wittenoom Disaster". Archived from the original on 31 December 2006. Retrieved 9 ...
Dullness to percussion and pleural rub suggest disease extension beyond the bronchi such as seen with pneumonia. Paroxysms of ... Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases. About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one ... Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases. About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one ... vaccine given in the fall has demonstrated short term effectiveness in reducing the frequency and severity of the disease ...
Figure B shows lungs with asbestos-related diseases, including pleural plaque, lung cancer, asbestosis, plaque on the diaphragm ... October 1982). "The pathology of asbestos-associated diseases of the lungs and pleural cavities: diagnostic criteria and ... Lung diseases due to external agents, Lung disorders, Occupational diseases, Pollution, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to ... The presence of pleural plaques may provide supportive evidence of causation by asbestos. Although lung biopsy is usually not ...
He was affected by a pulmonary disease (a pleural effusion and a pneumonia generated from a lung cancer). He was 59 at the time ...
Pleural cavity diseases include pleural mesothelioma which are mentioned above. A collection of fluid in the pleural cavity is ... Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are long-term diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung. They are ... Restrictive lung diseases are a category of respiratory disease characterized by a loss of lung compliance, causing incomplete ... Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange ...
These diseases include peritoneal mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis, diffuse pleural thickening and other pleural ... Many employees in the railway industry in general developed diseases related to asbestos, used during the locomotive and ...
Exposure to asbestos causes or increases the risk of several life-threatening diseases, including asbestosis, pleural ...
Pleural sarcomas Pleural angiosarcoma Pleural desmoplastic small round cell tumor (pleural DSRCT) Pleural synovial sarcoma ... Pleural disease occurs in the pleural space, which is the thin fluid-filled area in between the two pulmonary pleurae in the ... embolism Pleurisy Pneumonia Pleural infections Pleural endometriosis Pleuritis Pleural mesothelial hyperplasia Pleural ... calcified fibrous pseudotumor Pleural thickening, including pleural plaques Pleural cavity "Pleural Tumors - Health ...
There are currently no human or mouse genes associated with this disease in the MGI database. Synonyms: Mesothelioma of Pleura ... Disease Ontology Browser benign pleural mesothelioma (DOID:5157) Alliance: disease page Synonyms: Mesothelioma of Pleura Alt ...
Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion in Gnathostomiasis. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2004;10(9):1690-1691. doi:10.3201/ ... disclosed only two references to pleural effusion as the main symptom of gnathostomiasis (4,5). The eosinophilic pleural and ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion in Gnathostomiasis. Volume 10, Number 9-September 2004. Article Views: 339. Data is collected ...
Introduction and methods: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010 Message subject: (Your Name) has forwarded a ...
... ... A total of 20 patients had disease diagnosed correctly, nine had disease diagnosed incorrectly, and two cases were undetermined ... imaging for differentiating benign lesions from malignant pleural disease (MPD) and to retrospectively assess dynamic contrast ... DW imaging helped stage disease correctly in 27 patients and incorrectly in four. The undetermined cases at PET/CT were ...
Pleural disease. Clinical context. Pleural disease remains common, affecting over 3000 people per million population each year ... Value of serum and pleural fluid biomarkers in distinguishing underlying cause of pleural disease reducing the need for ... Pleural disease originates from a wide range of pathologies and a systematic approach to the investigation and management is ... The objective was to produce an evidence-based update of the last pleural disease guidelines published in 2003. It was ...
Treatment of pleural cavity disease varies depending on the underlying etiology. For traumatic pneumothorax, intermittent ... Management of Pleural Effusion. Animals with pleural air or fluid usually exhibit a restrictive respiratory pattern (i.e., ... However, most animals with pleural cavity disease benefit from intermittent positive pressure ventilation and oxygen ... should be performed prior to taking radiographs in severely dyspneic animals with suspected pleural cavity disease. Removal of ...
Asbestos-Related Pleural Disease - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the Merck Manuals - ... including pleural effusion, pleural plaques, and pleural thickening. Nonmalignant asbestos-related pleural disease is more ... Chest CT can distinguish pleural disease from parenchymal disease and pleural fat. The latency from time of exposure to ... Analysis of the pleural effusion Pleural Effusion Pleural effusions are accumulations of fluid within the pleural space. They ...
Advanced medical interventions in pleural disease Rahul Bhatnagar, John P. Corcoran, Fabien Maldonado, David Feller-Kopman, ... Malignant pleural effusion: from bench to bedside Ioannis Psallidas, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Jose M. Porcel, Bruce W. Robinson, ... The management of benign non-infective pleural effusions Oliver J. Bintcliffe, Gary Y.C. Lee, Najib M. Rahman, Nick A. Maskell ... Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update on investigation, diagnosis and treatment Anna C. Bibby, Selina Tsim, Nikolaos ...
Asbestos-Related Pleural Disease - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - ... including pleural effusion, pleural plaques, and pleural thickening. Nonmalignant asbestos-related pleural disease is more ... Chest CT can distinguish pleural disease from parenchymal disease and pleural fat. The latency from time of exposure to ... Analysis of the pleural effusion Pleural Effusion Pleural effusions are accumulations of fluid within the pleural space. They ...
The pleura is a double membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the thoracic cavity. Disorders of the pleura may be inflammatory, infectious or cancerous.
Pleural disorders include pleurisy, pleural effusion and pneumothorax. Learn more. ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Pleural Diseases (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Pleural Effusion (National ... Pleural Fluid Analysis (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish * Tests for Lung Disease (National Heart, Lung, and Blood ... The most common cause of pleural effusion is congestive heart failure. Lung diseases, like COPD, tuberculosis, and acute lung ...
It is the most common manifestation of pleural disease. ... A pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in the ... pleural space resulting from excess fluid production or decreased absorption. ... 1] It is the most common manifestation of pleural disease. The pleural space is bordered by the parietal and visceral pleurae. ... Management of a malignant pleural effusion: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010 Aug. 65 Suppl ...
"Libby vermiculite exposure and risk of developing asbestos-related lung and pleural diseases" vol. 18, no. 2, 2012. Export RIS ... 2012). Libby vermiculite exposure and risk of developing asbestos-related lung and pleural diseases. 18(2). Antao, Vinicius C. ... Title : Libby vermiculite exposure and risk of developing asbestos-related lung and pleural diseases Personal Author(s) : Antao ... Libby vermiculite exposure and risk of developing asbestos-related lung and pleural diseases. ...
Pleural Disease. This episode dives into the physiology and pathophysiology of pleural disease, as well as a step-wise approach ... Pleural Disease. This episode dives into the physiology and pathophysiology of pleural disease, as well as a step-wise approach ... Now onto pleural space and fluid…. *Pleural fluid produced from systemic capillaries in parietal pleural surface then absorbed ... CRACKCast E077 - Pleural Disease. In CRACKCast, Podcast by Adam Thomas. May 11, 2017. Leave a Comment ...
Toxic particles can also get into the pleural space and develop into severe diseases. Pleural disease is often a secondary ... and the lasting repercussions this dangerous disease may lead to. Many victims of pleural disease are unable to continue an ... Many victims of pleural disease do not survive more than a few years after an initial diagnosis. It is therefore important to ... The impact of pleural disease will not only impact a workers current situation but will frequently require the worker to quit ...
Pleural Disease and Pneumothorax. July 14, 2011. by CrashMaster for more on hemo/pneumothorax, see the thoracic trauma section ... If disease of pleura, then exudative malignancy or inflammatory.. Increased peritoneal fluid can also cause pleural effusion ... Pleural Effusion. Pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal and absorbed by the visceral pleura capillaries. LHF causes ... Normal hemostasis by vasoconstriction and clot formation may be impeded by lung movement, changes in pleural pressure during ...
This article describes the radiographic and cross-sectional appearances of pleural diseases, which are commonly encountered in ... The conditions covered include benign and malignant pleural thickening, pleural effusions, empyema and pneumothoraces. The ... The presence of a pleural abnormality is usually suggested following a routine chest x-ray, with a number of imaging modalities ... Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and subsequent management of patients with pleural disease. ...
Home/Health/What is Pleural Mesothelioma: Understanding the Deadly Disease. What is Pleural Mesothelioma: Understanding the ... In conclusion, pleural mesothelioma is a devastating disease primarily caused by asbestos exposure. Understanding the causes, ... Treatment Options for Pleural Mesothelioma. Surgery. Surgery plays a significant role in the treatment of pleural mesothelioma ... Understanding Pleural Mesothelioma. Causes and Risk Factors. Pleural mesothelioma is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to ...
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Learning Objectives:1.Identify diagnoses and abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, and formulate a treatment plan based on available medical and surgical therapeutic options2. Provide a cross specialty/ multidisciplinary educational approach to play role in patient management.3. Develop teaching and effective presentation skills inform of lectures or discussions of
Pleural disease. *. You have accessRestricted access. Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in ... Mild parenchymal lung disease is still lung disease Laurent Godinas, Sergio Harari, Joan A. Barberà, David Montani ... Mild parenchymal lung disease is still lung disease Robin Condliffe, David G. Kiely, Robert A. Lewis ... Pleural diseases and COVID-19: ubi fumus, ibi ignis José M. Porcel ...
... J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005 Dec;24(12):2086-90. doi: 10.1016/j. ... The second most common PSP was loculated pleural effusion (21% of PSP). Empyema was uncommon (2 patients, 3% of total patients ... loculated pleural effusions, or empyema in 68 patients for which complete data were available. ... to assess whether size and shape mismatch of the donor organ to the recipient pre-disposes to the development of pleural space ...
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Pediatricians should consider the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in the presence of pneumonia and pleural effusion that is ... It is a multisystem disease; therefore, it may present with non-cardiac findings of disease. Here, we report the case of 7-year ... We also present a literature review on pulmonary involvement due to Kawasaki disease. ... This will prevent delay in diagnosis and the adverse consequences of the disease. ...
Our pleural disease service provides clinic appointments and procedures at Charing Cross and St Marys hospitals. ... Pleural clinic at St Marys Hospital. Address. Chest and allergy outpatients. Ground floor. Mint Wing. St Marys Hospital. ... Pleural procedures at Charing Cross Hospital. Address. Outpatients department. Fifth floor, north wing. Charing Cross Hospital ... Pleural procedures at St Marys Hospital. Address. Endoscopy. Second floor. Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother (QEQM) building. ...
General treatment approach Stage I resectable: Patients with operable disease may receive extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP); if ... Treatment protocols for malignant pleural mesothelioma are provided below, including general approaches and treatment by ... encoded search term (Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment Protocols) and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment Protocols ... Surgery May Worsen Pleural Mesothelioma Survival Outcomes * Court Tosses $223.8 Million Verdict Against J&J in Talc Cancer Case ...
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), asthma, and pleural disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to ... Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), asthma, and pleural disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to ... Frailty prevalence and association with clinical outcomes in Interstitial Lung Disease, Asthma, and Pleural Disease.. Alessia ... Frailty prevalence and association with clinical outcomes in Interstitial Lung Disease, Asthma, and Pleural Disease / Verduri, ...
The term lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) has been used to describe predominantly lymph node-based disease; however, clinical ... Stage III - Sites on both sides of the diaphragm (mediastinal mass; pleural effusion; unresectable abdominal disease) ... Because radiation is useful both for prophylaxis of CNS disease and treatment of CNS disease, a radiation oncologist should be ... If a pleural effusion is present and aspiration fluid is positive for lymphoma, it may obviate the need for further biopsy. ...
  • citation needed] Pleural effusion: a fluid accumulation within the pleural space. (wikipedia.org)
  • On admission, the patient's temperature was 38°C. Physical examination of the patient, including the testes, was normal except for a systolic heart murmur (preexisting and known to the patient), and clinical signs of left pleural effusion. (cdc.gov)
  • After transthoracic aspiration of 100 mL of pleural effusion, cytologic examination showed an eosinophil count of 5,800/L without parasites. (cdc.gov)
  • Secondly, eosinophilic pleural effusion is also unusual in gnathosthosmiasis. (cdc.gov)
  • Although reported as a potential cause in reference books ( 3 ), a Medline search (key words: gnathostomiasis and eosinophilia and pleural effusion or pleuritis or lung) disclosed only two references to pleural effusion as the main symptom of gnathostomiasis ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults. (bmj.com)
  • Management of a malignant pleural effusion. (bmj.com)
  • Removal of even small amounts of pleural effusion or air may significantly improve ventilation, allowing safer manipulation of the patient for radiographic procedures. (vin.com)
  • including pleural effusion, pleural plaques, and pleural thickening. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Pleural Effusion Pleural effusions are accumulations of fluid within the pleural space. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Diffuse thickening affects visceral as well as parietal pleurae and may be a nonspecific reaction to pleural effusion. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The most common cause of pleural effusion is congestive heart failure . (medlineplus.gov)
  • A pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space resulting from excess fluid production or decreased absorption. (medscape.com)
  • Anteroposterior upright chest radiograph shows a massive left-sided pleural effusion with contralateral mediastinal shift. (medscape.com)
  • Most commonly, a pleural effusion is an incidental finding in a stable patient. (medscape.com)
  • After the initial stabilization of the patient, clinical suspicion for pleural effusion should be confirmed with appropriate radiographic evaluation. (medscape.com)
  • Emergency physicians may rapidly perform ultrasonography of the chest to evaluate patients with suspected pleural effusion. (medscape.com)
  • A spiral chest CT scan should be obtained for most patients with pleural effusion when the condition's etiology cannot be readily determined or when complicated pleural effusion (eg, empyema, malignancy) is suspected. (medscape.com)
  • Laboratory evaluation of patients with a pleural effusion is directed at first determining if the effusion is an exudate or a transudate. (medscape.com)
  • The second most common PSP was loculated pleural effusion (21% of PSP). (nih.gov)
  • Pediatricians should consider the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in the presence of pneumonia and pleural effusion that is nonresponsive to antibiotic therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we report the case of a patient with KD who presented with an unusual form of pleural effusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An anteroposterior (AP) chest X-ray and chest ultrasonography showed a left lower lobar consolidation with minimal pleural effusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the third day, her condition worsened with increasing pleural effusion (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study investigated whether KL-6 can serve as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker in PM. Materials and methods: Using a fully-automated chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for KL-6 and SMRP, pleural effusion samples from 87 consecutive patients with PM and 25 patients. (lu.se)
  • PM patients with high pleural effusion KL-6 levels (≥303 IU/mL) had significantly better overall survival (OS) compared to those with low KL-6 levels (HR 0.51, p = 0.004). (lu.se)
  • Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is paucibacillary, making its diagnosis difficult based on laboratory investigations alone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chest x-ray showed minimal right pleural effusion with a small area of right upper lobe consolidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thorax showed right upper lobe consolidation with tree-in-bud changes, bilateral lung atelectasis, subpleural nodule, mild right pleural effusion and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is the commonest cause of exudative pleural effusion in countries endemic to tuberculosis, such as Malaysia [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pleural effusion is a buildup of fluid in the pleural space. (mountsinai.org)
  • In a person with parapneumonic pleural effusion, the fluid buildup is caused by pneumonia . (mountsinai.org)
  • Pneumonia, most commonly from bacteria, causes parapneumonic pleural effusion. (mountsinai.org)
  • Contact your provider if you have symptoms of pleural effusion. (mountsinai.org)
  • The Pleural Effusion And Symptom Evaluation (PLEASE) study of breathlessness in patients with a symptomatic pleural effusion. (intramed.net)
  • A diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma can be made by effusion cytology: results of a 20 year audit. (intramed.net)
  • Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. (intramed.net)
  • 16 Rooper LM, Ali SZ, Olson MT. A minimum fluid volume of 75 mL is needed to ensure adequacy in a pleural effusion: A retrospective analysis of 2540 cases: minimum adequate pleural effusion volume. (intramed.net)
  • Chemical pleurodesis is one of the major therapeutic options for patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion. (medscimonit.com)
  • A balance between pleural fluid formation and reabsorption can be disrupted in numerous diseases, leading to accumulation pleural effusion, which is clinically manifested primarily as exertional or resting dyspnea. (medscimonit.com)
  • Pleural effusion is a common and debilitating complication of various malignancies. (medscimonit.com)
  • It has been estimated that approximately 200 000 and 50 000 new cases of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) are diagnosed each year in the United States and United Kingdom, respectively [1,2]. (medscimonit.com)
  • Pleural effusion (PE) is a common problem or tuberculous PE has been shown in several in internal medicine practice. (who.int)
  • pleural fluid protein and LDH level, and the Since TB and malignancy are among the size of the effusion was determined on the most frequent causes of PE, in particular basis of chest radiographs [13]. (who.int)
  • In addition, pleural thickening in the absence of pleural effusion may require further histological evaluation. (medscape.com)
  • It is important to understand that the etiology of pleural effusion remains unclear in nearly 20% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • This procedure is generally performed in the setting of a large pleural effusion without any imaging other than chest radiography. (medscape.com)
  • Development of RECLS score to predict survival in lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion. (cdc.gov)
  • Liquid biopsy using ascitic fluid and pleural effusion supernatants for genomic profiling in gastrointestinal and lung cancers. (cdc.gov)
  • Efficacy of osimertinib in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer patients with pleural effusion. (cdc.gov)
  • Acquired resistance to immunotherapy characterized by bloody pleural effusion and biomarker exploration: a report of 2 cases. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of 76 Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients ?Harboring EGFR Mutations with Pleural Effusion at Initial Diagnosis: ?A Single-center Retrospective Study]. (cdc.gov)
  • Carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusion of patients with lung adenocarcinoma: a predictive marker for EGFR mutation. (cdc.gov)
  • Prognostic biomarkers of malignant patients with pleural effusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • The most common findings on physical examination (79%) are signs of pleural effusion (eg, dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds). (medscape.com)
  • NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Infusing a solution that includes talc into the pleural space makes breathing easier for people with malignant pleural effusion being treated with an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), a new randomized controlled trial shows. (medscape.com)
  • More than 750,000 people in Europe and the United States develop malignant pleural effusion each year. (medscape.com)
  • Unfortunately, many of the patients who we see with malignant pleural effusion have late-stage cancer which is either very hard or impossible to treat," said Dr. Bhatnagar, explaining why the study didn't see a difference in mortality. (medscape.com)
  • However, with some diseases, particularly chylothorax and pyothorax, unilateral effusions may occur due to thickening of the mediastinum associated with chronic inflammation. (vin.com)
  • Benign asbestos pleural effusions (BAPE) are typically unilateral and occur ≥ 10 years after initial asbestos exposure. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The conditions covered include benign and malignant pleural thickening, pleural effusions, empyema and pneumothoraces. (ox.ac.uk)
  • pneumothorax, loculated pleural effusions, or empyema in 68 patients for which complete data were available. (nih.gov)
  • Some researchers believe the resulting increased duration plaques (with or without calcification), pleural effusions, of exposure to amphibole asbestos significantly increases pleural thickening, and rounded atelectasis. (cdc.gov)
  • Recurrent Pleural Effusions in Crohn's Disease. (ahn.org)
  • Medicine: Autoimmunity Institute Multi-Disciplinary Conference Series - Recurrent Pleural Effusions in Crohn's Disease. (ahn.org)
  • In tuberculous pleural effusions from 10 patients with tuberculosis, these cells were concentrated a mean of 15-fold (standard deviation, +/-6-fold), relative to their level in peripheral blood (P=.014), and displayed rapid effector function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pleural effusions. (mountsinai.org)
  • 1 Thomas R, Jenkins S, Eastwood PR, Lee YCG, Singh B. Physiology of breathlessness associated with pleural effusions. (intramed.net)
  • Nonmalignant pleural effusions: a prospective study of 356 consecutive unselected patients. (intramed.net)
  • Unilateral pleural effusions with more than one apparent etiology. (intramed.net)
  • Investigating unilateral pleural effusions: the role of cytology. (intramed.net)
  • Effect of thoracoscopic talc poudrage vs talc slurry via chest tube on pleurodesis failure rate among patients with malignant pleural effusions: a randomized clinical trial. (intramed.net)
  • This highly practical one-day course will cover scanning of the abdomen and the thorax and will teach you how to help diagnose (and treat) various conditions such as haemoabdomens and pleural effusions. (vetclick.com)
  • Large pleural effusions were cal and radiological findings of TB were found in 24% of patients, moderate in 58%, also available. (who.int)
  • Pleural diseases involve the parietal and visceral pleura and may be of either inflammatory or malignant origin, often resulting in pleural effusions. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusions includes chemical and microbiological studies, as well as cytological analysis, which can provide further information about the etiological disease process. (medscape.com)
  • However, 40% of pleural effusions remain undiagnosed after an initial thoracocentesis . (medscape.com)
  • Small malignant pleural effusions may not be observed on standard radiographs. (medscape.com)
  • Pleural effusions are common and may obscure the presence of the underlying pleural thickening. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] Pleural tumors may be benign (i.e. solitary fibrous tumor) or malignant in nature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hemospermia is often benign with predominant causes including prostatic and seminal vesicle disease. (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate the use of diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging for differentiating benign lesions from malignant pleural disease (MPD) and to retrospectively assess dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging acquisitions to find out whether combining these measurements with DW imaging could improve the diagnostic value of DW imaging. (nih.gov)
  • More common diseases, such as benign asbestos-related pleural disease and metastatic adenocarcinoma, can look radiographically identical to mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • The radiographic findings of mesothelioma are nonspecific and are observed in other diseases, including metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and benign asbestos disease. (medscape.com)
  • Discrete pleural plaques typically affect the parietal pleura bilaterally and areas adjacent to the diaphragm. (merckmanuals.com)
  • If you imagine the negative pressure vacuum maintaining the tight junction between pleura and lung, a violation of this barrier will cause air to rush into the pleural space during inspiration along the gradient. (canadiem.org)
  • Pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, known as the pleura. (pinstocker.com)
  • it involves dissection of the parietal pleura and division of the pulmonary vessels, as well as en bloc resection of the lung, pleura, pericardium, and diaphragm, followed by reconstruction. (medscape.com)
  • may also be accompanied by pleural disease, a thickening of the pleura with or without pleural calcification. (cdc.gov)
  • Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related cancer that affects the pleura surrounding the lung. (jmir.org)
  • Thoracic ultrasound-guided real-time pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of pleural diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Real- time thoracic ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy (TUSPB) is an important diagnostic method for pleural diseases . (bvsalud.org)
  • CEUS and UE are promising guidance tools for pleural biopsy with the potential to increase diagnostic yield. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, no pleural biopsy was done. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the development of new di- was confirmed according to appropri- agnostic methods, closed pleural biopsy ate clinical and/or laboratory findings or and pleural fluid analysis remain the most criteria. (who.int)
  • Pleural fluid analysis biopsy and lavage has increased the diag- was performed for protein concentration, nostic rate, the cause for many patients with lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), cultures, as exudative PE remains unknown or obscure. (who.int)
  • Pleural biopsy is recommended for evaluation and exclusion of infectious etiologies such as tuberculosis or malignant disease, particularly malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid disease can also present with pleural involvement, requiring pleural biopsy for diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Various biopsy techniques are available to diagnose pleural disease. (medscape.com)
  • These range from older techniques, such as blind or closed pleural biopsy, to newer techniques including image-guided and thoracoscopic biopsy. (medscape.com)
  • The Cope needle contains an outer needle 11G (B) with an adjustable needle stop (A). The inner 13G biopsy trocar (C) has a hook shape for pleural biopsy sample collection. (medscape.com)
  • A 50-mL syringe is attached with a biopsy needle, which provides a closed system through which pleural fluid may be withdrawn, confirming the location of the biopsy needle in the pleural space. (medscape.com)
  • The Abrams pleural biopsy needle consists of 3 parts, with 2 concentric tubes and a stylet. (medscape.com)
  • and histological examinations of liver biopsy specimens in cases suggestive of liver disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • citation needed] Pneumothorax: a collection of air within the pleural cavity, arising either from the outside or from the lung. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of spontaneous hemothorax can result from thoracic malignancies, primary vascular events, coagulopathy, spontaneous pneumothorax and a variety of infectious diseases. (crashingpatient.com)
  • Pleural mesothelioma is a type of malignant cancer associated with asbestos exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mesothelial tumors: pleural malignant mesothelioma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mesothelioma Pleural mesothelioma, a rare, primary cancer of mesothelial serosa, is caused by asbestos exposure in the great majority of cases. (merckmanuals.com)
  • While asbestos has long been known to contribute to severe diseases such as mesothelioma, other chemical and petroleum products may also lead to pleural diseases. (malleylawfirm.com)
  • Understanding the nature of pleural mesothelioma is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. (pinstocker.com)
  • Pleural mesothelioma is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers. (pinstocker.com)
  • Identifying the early signs of pleural mesothelioma is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. (pinstocker.com)
  • Diagnosing pleural mesothelioma requires a comprehensive evaluation that involves various diagnostic methods. (pinstocker.com)
  • Surgery plays a significant role in the treatment of pleural mesothelioma, especially in the early stages. (pinstocker.com)
  • Radiation therapy is often utilized as part of a multimodal treatment approach for pleural mesothelioma. (pinstocker.com)
  • Chemotherapy, the use of powerful drugs to kill cancer cells, is a standard treatment option for pleural mesothelioma. (pinstocker.com)
  • As medical research continues to advance, several emerging treatments offer hope for pleural mesothelioma patients. (pinstocker.com)
  • What are the primary causes of pleural mesothelioma? (pinstocker.com)
  • How is pleural mesothelioma diagnosed? (pinstocker.com)
  • In a phase I clinical trial , a team of researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center tested whether mesothelin-directed CAR T cells that they developed would be safe and effective in patients with malignant pleural disease from mesothelioma and lung and breast cancer. (aacr.org)
  • Using an interventional radiology procedure, the investigators injected IcasM28z CAR T cells directly into the pleural cavity in 21 patients with malignant pleural disease (19 with malignant pleural mesothelioma, one with metastatic lung cancer, and one with metastatic breast cancer). (aacr.org)
  • The the risk for mesothelioma and, to a lesser extent, presence of pleural plaques is considered to be a marker asbestosis and lung cancer compared with chrysotile. (cdc.gov)
  • Objectives: Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare disease with dismal outcome. (lu.se)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved combination nivolumab ( Opdivo , Bristol-Myers Squibb) and ipilimumab ( Yervoy , Bristol-Myers Squibb) to be used as first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Today's approval of nivolumab plus ipilimumab provides a new treatment that has demonstrated an improvement in overall survival for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma," Richard Pazdur, MD, director of the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence and acting director of the Office of Oncologic Diseases in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in a statement. (medscape.com)
  • The recommended doses for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma are nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 2 years in patients without disease progression. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is normally connected with asbestos exposure VTX-2337 and it is a cancer which VTX-2337 has not been significantly influenced by little molecule-based targeted therapeutics. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Launch Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) comes from the mesothelial cells coating the pleural cavity encircling the lungs and much less frequently in the peritoneum (1). (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • PRINCIPLES: Trimodal therapy results in long term survival in a small fraction of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, particularly in patients having epithelial histology, R0-resection and no nodal involvement. (smw.ch)
  • METHODS: From 2000 to 2005 41 patients with histologically verified malignant pleural mesothelioma were included. (smw.ch)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients considered for surgical resection of malignant pleural mesothelioma have regionally advanced disease. (smw.ch)
  • Pistolesi M, Rusthoven J. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: update, current management, and newer therapeutic strategies. (smw.ch)
  • Role of asbestos in etiology of malignant pleural mesothelioma. (smw.ch)
  • Resection margins, extrapleural nodal status, and cell type determine postoperative long-term survival in trimodality therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma: results in 183 patients. (smw.ch)
  • The effect of extent of local resection on patterns of disease progression in malignant pleural mesothelioma. (smw.ch)
  • Survival after conservative (palliative) management of pleural malignant mesothelioma. (smw.ch)
  • Is malignant pleural mesothelioma a surgical disease? (smw.ch)
  • Treasure T, Sedrakyan A. Pleural mesothelioma: little evidence, still time to do trials. (smw.ch)
  • Sugarbaker DJ, Mentzer SJ, Strauss G. Extrapleural pneumonectomy in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. (smw.ch)
  • Neragi-Miandoab S. Multimodality approach in management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. (smw.ch)
  • Multimodal treatment for resectable epithelial type malignant pleural mesothelioma. (smw.ch)
  • Extrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: outcomes of treatment and prognostic factors. (smw.ch)
  • Trimodality therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: results from an EORTC phase II multicentre trial. (smw.ch)
  • Extra-pleural pneumonectomy versus no extra-pleural pneumonectomy for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: clinical outcomes of the Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery (MARS) randomised feasibility study. (smw.ch)
  • Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) have a life-limiting illness and short prognosis and experience many debilitating symptoms from early in the illness. (jmir.org)
  • Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a lethal disease and hence the strong need for identifying new prognostic factors. (scirp.org)
  • Methods: This is a retrospective study including all eligible patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) presenting to National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. (scirp.org)
  • Byrne, M.J. and Nowak, A.K. (2004) Modified RECIST Criteria for Assessment of Response in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. (scirp.org)
  • The most common mesothelioma finding on radiographs is unilateral, concentric, plaquelike, or nodular pleural thickening (as seen in the images below). (medscape.com)
  • Calcified pleural plaques are present in 20% of patients with mesothelioma and are usually related to the previous asbestos exposure. (medscape.com)
  • Thoracentesis (see below) should be performed prior to taking radiographs in severely dyspneic animals with suspected pleural cavity disease. (vin.com)
  • However, most animals with pleural cavity disease benefit from intermittent positive pressure ventilation and oxygen supplementation during tube placement. (vin.com)
  • Treatment of pleural cavity disease varies depending on the underlying etiology. (vin.com)
  • SHP is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening clinical situation due to rapid ventilatory collapse and the large volume of concealed blood loss into the pleural cavity. (crashingpatient.com)
  • The pleural space is the area between the layers of the tissue lining the lung and the chest cavity. (mountsinai.org)
  • Together, these surfaces delimit the pleural cavity, which resembles a collapsed sac that encases the lung. (medscimonit.com)
  • Bilateral pleural plaques and/or calcification of the diaphragm are virtually pathognomonic of previous exposure to asbestos. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The latency from time of exposure to development of pleural plaques is generally ≥ 20 years. (merckmanuals.com)
  • therefore, patients with pleural plaques should be monitored for the development of other asbestos-related diseases. (merckmanuals.com)
  • On radiograph, pleural plaques are usually that stir up dust in soils containing asbestos fibers. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, CT can identify non-calcified en-face pleural plaques, and readily distinguishes pleural plaque from extrapleural fat, a frequent cause of overdiagnosis of pleural disease on the chest radiograph [Ameille et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Frailty prevalence and association with clinical outcomes in Interstitial Lung Disease, Asthma, and Pleural Disease. (unimore.it)
  • Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), asthma, and pleural disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. (unimore.it)
  • MeSH terms including Interstitial Lung Disease, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonia, Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Systemic sclerosis-associated ILD, Connective tissue disease-associated ILD, and frailty were used as key words. (unimore.it)
  • However, the chest radiograph is relatively insensitive to early interstitial abnormality, and imprecise for evaluation and characterization of parenchymal and pleural disease. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 12 , 13 ] In addition, the risk of developing pleural or interstitial abnormalities was more than triple in the ANA-positive individuals than it was in persons who were ANA negative. (medscape.com)
  • This rotation provides an opportunity to manage a wide range of complex pulmonary pathology including asthma, COPD, OSA, interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and sarcoidosis. (amc.edu)
  • The proposed research uses automated image analysis software to identify and measure specific respiratory and cardiovascular diseases: emphysema, pleural thickening, interstitial lung disease, and coronary artery calcifications. (cdc.gov)
  • I. Drug Susceptibility Testing history, previous as well as current disease is included in J. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis the classification. (cdc.gov)
  • Tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest diseases in the world. (cdc.gov)
  • Classification of Persons Exposed to and/or Infected with year more than 8 million new cases of tuberculosis occur and Mycobacterium tuberculosis approximately 3 million persons die from the disease (1). (cdc.gov)
  • The "Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis and disease (2). (cdc.gov)
  • in Adults and Children" is a joint statement prepared by the In the United States, an estimated 15 million people are in- American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Con- fected with M. tuberculosis (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Although the tuberculosis case trol and endorsed by the Infectious Disease Society of America. (cdc.gov)
  • Tuberculosis is a social disease with medical implications. (cdc.gov)
  • Ex vivo characterization of early secretory antigenic target 6-specific T cells at sites of active disease in pleural tuberculosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • and sputum, pleural fluid and blood cultures were negative for M. tuberculosis (MTB) and other organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunosuppressive drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, cirrhosis, malignancy, alcoholism, history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), intravenous drug usage and chronic lung disease have been identified as risk factors for EPTB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However the value of these procedures is with Abrams needle was performed in all limited in establishing the cause of PE that patients except those with an obvious clini- results from either malignant or nonma- cal diagnosis of congestive heart failure or lignant diseases. (who.int)
  • however, if the animal remains dyspneic after thoracentesis, underlying lung disease (i.e., pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary contusions, pulmonary neoplasia) or loculated fluid should be suspected. (vin.com)
  • Generally, stabilization and improved ventilation can first be accomplished by removing some pleural air or fluid via needle thoracentesis. (vin.com)
  • Additionally, CT has value in identification of subjects with round atelectasis related to diffuse pleural thickening, which is often associated with restrictive physiology and must be distinguished from malignancy [Lynch et al. (cdc.gov)
  • There are several disorders and complications that can occur within the pleural area, and the surrounding tissues in the lung. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chest CT is more sensitive than chest x-ray for detecting pleural disorders. (merckmanuals.com)
  • What Are Pleural Disorders? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our highly skilled, board-certified physicians provide specialized care in advanced interventional pulmonology and general pulmonary treatment for complex airway conditions and disorders, and pleural diseases. (ajh.org)
  • The pleural space plays an important role in respiration by coupling the movement of the chest wall with that of the lungs in two ways. (medscape.com)
  • In normal physiology, the pleural space has a negative pressure (as in less than surrounding atmospheric pressure), which allows our expanding chest wall to 'suck open' our lungs. (canadiem.org)
  • Particles of different products may become lodged in the lungs where they dissolve and become absorbed into the pleural space. (malleylawfirm.com)
  • Normally, the pleural space within the lung has only a few milliliters of liquid, which helps lubricate the lungs during breathing. (malleylawfirm.com)
  • But if you've been smoking a long time and have developed COPD (or, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), the lungs never totally heal. (ajh.org)
  • Because most Coccidioides infections resolve without specific therapy, few clinical trials have assessed outcomes in less-severe disease. (medscape.com)
  • We reviewed our experience with adult living lobar lung transplant (LL) recipients to assess whether size and shape mismatch of the donor organ to the recipient pre-disposes to the development of pleural space problems (PSP). (nih.gov)
  • In 15% of cases, Diagnosis of malignant PE was con- the pleural fluid was bloody. (who.int)
  • Thirty-one consecutive patients with pleural abnormalities suspicious for MPD underwent whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and thorax MR examinations. (nih.gov)
  • These may include imaging tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs to detect abnormalities in the pleural region. (pinstocker.com)
  • The paucibacillary nature of tuberculous pleural fluid makes it a diagnostic challenge [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An addition of soluble factors produced by adenocarcinoma altered the inflammatory response of the pleural mesothelial cells after stimulation with sclerosing agents. (medscimonit.com)
  • The sensitivity was 77.56% for pleural malignancy and 80.13% for tuberculous pleurisy . (bvsalud.org)
  • Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile vasculitis of childhood that affects medium-sized arteries, predominantly the coronary arteries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coronary artery disease in infants and children / Henry N. Neufeld, Adam Schneeweiss. (who.int)
  • Implications FGFR1 is a practicable therapeutic target within a subset of malignant pleural mesotheliomas but FGFR TKI-responsive tumors should be selected with a biomarker distinctive from elevated FGFR1 gene duplicate number perhaps FGFR1 mRNA or proteins levels. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Diagnostic thoracoscopy with histopathologic analysis of pleural biopsies served as the reference standard. (nih.gov)
  • These diagnostic procedures help determine the stage and extent of the disease, essential for developing an effective treatment plan. (pinstocker.com)
  • Herein, we aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of real- time TUSPB for pleural diseases to better inform the decision -making process. (bvsalud.org)
  • For a review of other pleural pathologies listen to chapter 26 for approach to pleuritic chest pain, and 45, trauma and the pleural space. (canadiem.org)
  • The Standards of Care Committee of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) established a Pleural Disease Guideline Group in December 2007. (bmj.com)
  • A Working Party was established with representation from a range of professionals with an interest in pleural disease together with a lay representative (see full list of Guideline Group members at the end of this section). (bmj.com)
  • 15 Hooper C, Lee YCG, Maskell N, on behalf of the BTS Pleural Guideline Group. (intramed.net)
  • 18 Havelock T, Teoh R, Laws D, Gleeson F, on behalf of the BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group. (intramed.net)
  • Traditional two-dimensional thoracic ultrasound, as well as newly developed contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound elastography (UE), are all used as guidance tools for pleural biopsies . (bvsalud.org)
  • Pleural procedures and thoracic ultrasound: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. (intramed.net)
  • Asbestos-related pleural disease is diagnosed by history of exposure and typical chest x-ray or CT findings. (merckmanuals.com)
  • If you or a loved one have developed a pleural disease after ongoing exposure to dangerous chemicals, you may be entitled to receive compensation for your injuries. (malleylawfirm.com)
  • It is important to consult with an experienced personal injury attorney as soon as possible after a pleural disease diagnosis resulting from ongoing exposure at the workplace. (malleylawfirm.com)
  • This devastating disease is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos, a mineral once widely used in construction and other industries. (pinstocker.com)
  • ATSDR's mission is to serve the public by using the best science, taking responsive public health actions, and providing trusted health information to prevent harmful exposure and disease related to toxic substances. (cdc.gov)
  • Responders to the World Trade Center attack were exposed to toxic dust, which has been linked to increased incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between the amount of exposure and the extent and progression of disease is not well understood. (cdc.gov)
  • We will examine the relationship between these diseases and WTC exposure, which may inform screening guidelines for diseases, such as lung cancer, with long latency periods for WTC responders. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for studies reporting on frailty in ILD, asthma, and pleural disease. (unimore.it)
  • Pleural disease is often a secondary condition to a larger disease such as cancer, pneumonia, and heart failure. (malleylawfirm.com)
  • Management of pleural infection in adults. (bmj.com)
  • Disease in any organ can cause exuda- of combining both procedures in the diag- tive PE through a variety of mechanisms nosis of TB and malignancy in patients with including infection, malignancy, immuno- exudative PE. (who.int)
  • Animals with pleural air or fluid usually exhibit a restrictive respiratory pattern (i.e., rapid, shallow respirations) and they may be extremely dyspneic. (vin.com)
  • However, these symptoms often mimic other less severe respiratory conditions, making it challenging to recognize the disease in its initial stages. (pinstocker.com)
  • The chest radiograph remains important in detection and characterization of occupational lung disease because of its relatively low cost, relatively low radiation dose, and wide availability. (cdc.gov)
  • Optimal HRCT technique to detect occupational lung disease includes contiguous or noncontiguous thin sections (1.5 mm or less), acquired during suspended deep inspiration, with high resolution reconstruction [Mayo 2009]. (cdc.gov)
  • On June 24, 2011 the Indian Express, an on-line Indian news outlet, published an article reporting a "new" occupational lung disease and implicating a polyacrylate powder, which "seemed to be at the nano-level. (cdc.gov)
  • Hyperhomocysteinemia-related lung disease and hemolytic anemia with bone marrow features masquerading as myelodysplasia. (cdc.gov)
  • as monotherapy for the treatment of those patients who have received at least two chemotherapy regimens for their metastatic disease. (who.int)
  • Biocon Biologics Ltd), BT-ON014 - in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of those patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease - in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor positive MBC, not previously treated with trastuzumab. (who.int)
  • The medical study revealed extensive pleural thickening in 16 percent of the 58 nonproduction workers and was most prevalent among those who worked at the company for at least 10 years. (cdc.gov)
  • Limited pleural thickening was found in 14 percent of the 151 production workers employed between 1957 and 1968. (cdc.gov)
  • For asbestos-related pleural disease, several papers have demonstrated that CT is more sensitive and more specific than chest radiograph [Gevenois et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The needle site is observed for bleeding complications, and a pressure dressing is applied to prevent subcutaneous accumulation of pleural fluid. (medscape.com)
  • Pleural disease occurs in the pleural space, which is the thin fluid-filled area in between the two pulmonary pleurae in the human body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Advance the needle into the pleural space. (vin.com)
  • Treatment focuses on removing fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space, relieving symptoms, and treating the underlying condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pleural space is bordered by the parietal and visceral pleurae. (medscape.com)
  • The pleural space is not to be trifled with, as we've previously discussed. (canadiem.org)
  • The problem is most pneumothoracies demonstrate a valve effect, and thus pressure stacks as volume accumulated in the pleural space cannot leave. (canadiem.org)
  • However, large amounts of liquid or air in the pleural space can quickly lead to partial or complete compression of the lung. (malleylawfirm.com)
  • Toxic particles can also get into the pleural space and develop into severe diseases. (malleylawfirm.com)
  • When these microscopic fibers are inhaled, they become lodged in the pleural lining, leading to chronic inflammation and eventually the development of cancerous cells. (pinstocker.com)
  • however, some studies have shown is present, they can be exposed to asbestos through mild restrictive changes as a result of advanced pleural routine activities that crush asbestos-containing rock or disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
  • Three aspects of gnathostomiasis as an emerging imported disease can complement the findings of Moore et al. (cdc.gov)
  • therefore, it may present with non-cardiac findings of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overview of Environmental and Occupational Pulmonary Diseases Environmental and occupational pulmonary diseases result from inhalation of dusts, chemicals, gases, fumes, and other airborne exposures. (merckmanuals.com)
  • He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine in both Internal Medicine and Pulmonary Diseases. (medstarhealth.org)