A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.
A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.
A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.

Longitudinal study of behaviour disorders in low birthweight infants. (1/225)

AIM: To compare the prevalence of childhood and adolescent behavioural problems in low birthweight infants with matched controls. METHODS: A cohort study of a geographically defined population of survivors of +info)

Ictus expectoratus: a sign of complex partial seizures usually of non-dominant temporal lobe origin. (2/225)

Spitting (or expectoration) is rarely seen with seizures. In Western society, spitting is a striking behavioral aberration. A 13-year-old child had intermittent agitated behavior, episodes of rage, spitting and confusion lasting up to 2 minutes. He stood up in church and told the preacher to 'shut up and sit down'. Epilepsy monitoring revealed spitting with polysharp and spike seizures resolved over the right temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right temporal lobe ganglioglioma. Spitting seizures resolved after resection. Ictal expectoration is rare. It may occur with epigastric aura, nausea, chewing, swallowing and fumbling. Literature review disclosed 17 cases, 12 of which arose from the non-dominant hemisphere. Most regressed with surgery and anticonvulsants.  (+info)

Inter-ictal and post-ictal psychoses in frontal lobe epilepsy: a retrospective comparison with psychoses in temporal lobe epilepsy. (3/225)

There have been few studies of the psychopathology of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). The majority of studies of both inter-ictal and post-ictal psychoses have strongly suggested the influence of temporal lobe disturbance on psychoses. Patients with organic brain damage or schizophrenia, however, sometimes show frontal lobe dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to better understand the effect, if any, of frontal lobe disturbance and seizure on psychopathology. Patients were divided into four groups based on epilepsy type and preceding seizures; 8 with FLE/inter-ictal psychosis, 3 with FLE/post-ictal psychosis, 29 with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)/inter-ictal psychosis, and 8 with TLE/post-ictal psychosis. Psychopathologic symptoms were retrospectively reviewed based on case notes, using a modified brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). Psychomotor excitement, hostility, suspiciousness, and hallucinatory behaviour were prominent features in all four groups. Six orthogonal factors were derived by factor analysis from the original data based on the 18 BPRS items. FLE patients with inter-ictal psychosis showed marked hebephrenic characteristics (i.e. emotional withdrawal and blunted effect). Our findings suggest that patients with FLE can exhibit various psychiatric symptoms. However, their psychotic symptoms, hebephrenic symptoms in particular, may often be overlooked.  (+info)

Life-threatening brain failure and agitation in the intensive care unit. (4/225)

The modern intensive care unit (ICU) has evolved into an area where mortality and morbidity can be reduced by identification of unexpected hemodynamic and ventilatory decompensations before long-term problems result. Because intensive care physicians are caring for an increasingly heterogeneous population of patients, the indications for aggressive monitoring and close titration of care have expanded. Agitated patients are proving difficult to deal with in nonmonitored environments because of the unpredictable consequences of the agitated state on organ systems. The severe agitation state that is associated with ethanol withdrawal and delirium tremens (DT) is examined as a model for evaluating the efficacy of the ICU environment to ensure consistent stabilization of potentially life-threatening agitation and delirium.  (+info)

Adverse events, including death, associated with the use of 1,4-butanediol. (5/225)

BACKGROUND: 1,4-Butanediol is an industrial solvent that, when ingested, is converted to gamma-hydroxybutyrate, a drug of abuse with depressant effects, primarily on the central nervous system. After reports of toxic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and its resultant regulation by the federal government, 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone, another precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and an industrial solvent, began to be marketed as dietary supplements. We investigated reports of toxic effects due to the ingestion of 1,4-butanediol and reviewed the related health risks. METHODS: From June 1999 through December 1999, we identified cases of toxic effects of 1,4-butanediol involving patients who presented to our emergency departments with a clinical syndrome suggesting toxic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and a history of ingesting 1,4-butanediol and patients discovered through public health officials and family members. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure 1,4-butanediol or its metabolite, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, in urine, serum, or blood. RESULTS: We identified nine episodes of toxic effects in eight patients who had ingested 1,4-butanediol recreationally, to enhance bodybuilding, or to treat depression or insomnia. One patient presented twice with toxic effects and had withdrawal symptoms after her second presentation. Clinical findings and adverse events included vomiting, urinary and fecal incontinence, agitation, combativeness, a labile level of consciousness, respiratory depression, and death. No additional intoxicants were identified in six patients, including the two who died. The doses of 1,4-butanediol ingested ranged from 5.4 to 20 g in the patients who died and ranged from 1 to 14 g in the nonfatal cases. CONCLUSIONS: The health risks of 1,4-butanediol are similar to those of its counterparts, gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone. These include acute toxic effects, which may be fatal, and addiction and withdrawal.  (+info)

Hyperactivity and impaired response habituation in hyperdopaminergic mice. (6/225)

Abnormal dopaminergic transmission is implicated in schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and drug addiction. In an attempt to model aspects of these disorders, we have generated hyperdopaminergic mutant mice by reducing expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) to 10% of wild-type levels (DAT knockdown). Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and in vivo microdialysis revealed that released dopamine was cleared at a slow rate in knockdown mice, which resulted in a higher extracellular dopamine concentration. Unlike the DAT knockout mice, the DAT knockdown mice do not display a growth retardation phenotype. They have normal home cage activity but display hyperactivity and impaired response habituation in novel environments. In addition, we show that both the indirect dopamine receptor agonist amphetamine and the direct agonists apomorphine and quinpirole inhibit locomotor activity in the DAT knockdown mice, leading to the hypothesis that a shift in the balance between dopamine auto and heteroreceptor function may contribute to the therapeutic effect of psychostimulants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.  (+info)

Influence of the 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SB242,084 on behaviour produced by the 5-HT(2) agonist Ro60-0175 and the indirect 5-HT agonist dexfenfluramine. (7/225)

Ro60-0175 has been described as a selective agonist at the 5-HT(2C) receptor, yet it has only 10- fold higher affinity at the 5-HT(2C) compared to the 5-HT(2A) subtype, and equivalent affinity for the 5-HT(2B) receptor. The selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SB242,084 (0.5 mg kg(-1) i.p.), blocked the hypoactivity and penile grooming induced by Ro60-0175 (1 mg kg(-1) s.c.). The combination of SB242,084 (0.5 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and Ro60-0175 (3 - 10 mg kg(-1)) produced a completely different pattern of behaviours including wet-dog shakes, hyperactivity and back muscle contractions. These latter effects were blocked by the selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist MDL100,907 (0.5 mg kg(-1) i.p.), but not the 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist SB215,505 (3 mg kg(-1) p.o.). The indirect 5-HT releaser/reuptake inhibitor dexfenfluramine (1 - 10 mg kg(-1) i.p.) produced a mild increase in locomotor activity, penile grooming, and occasional back muscle contractions and wet-dog shakes. Pre-treatment with SB242,084 (0.5 mg kg(-1)), blocked the incidence of penile grooming, and markedly potentiated both the dexfenfluramine-induced hyperactivity, the incidence of back muscle contractions, and to a lesser extent wet-dog shakes. Some toxicity was also evident in animals treated with dexfenfluramine (10 mg kg(-1))/SB242,084 (0.5 mg kg(-1)), but not in any other treatment groups. The hyperactivity and toxicity produced by the dexfenfluramine (10 mg kg(-1))/SB242,084 (0.5 mg kg(-1)) combination was replicated in a further study, and hyperthermia was also recorded. Both hyperthermia and toxicity were blocked by MDL100,907 (0.5 mg kg(-1)) but not SB215,505 (3 mg kg(-1)). An attenuation of the hyperlocomotor response was also observed following MDL100,907. These findings suggest that 5-HT(2C) receptor activation can inhibit the expression of behaviours mediated through other 5-HT receptor subtypes.  (+info)

Continuous phencyclidine treatment induces schizophrenia-like hyperreactivity of striatal dopamine release. (8/225)

Functional dopaminergic hyperactivity is a key feature of schizophrenia. Recent in vivo imaging studies have demonstrated greater striatal dopamine release in response to amphetamine challenge in schizophrenia subjects than in normal controls. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are known to play a prominent role in regulation of striatal dopamine release. In humans, NMDA antagonists induce a psychotic state that closely resembles schizophrenia. The present study investigates the degree to which chronic continuous administration of the NMDA antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) induces schizophrenia-like hyperreactivity of striatal dopamine release to amphetamine in rodents. Rats were treated with 10 or 15 mg/kg/d PCP for two weeks by osmotic minipump, and striatal dopamine release to amphetamine challenge (1 mg/kg) was monitored by microdialysis. PCP-treated rats showed significant enhancement in amphetamine-induced dopamine release, along with significantly enhanced locomotor activity. These findings support the concept that NMDA receptor dysfunction may contribute to dopaminergic dysfunction in schizophrenia.  (+info)

Psychomotor agitation is a state of increased physical activity and purposeless or semi-purposeful voluntary movements, usually associated with restlessness, irritability, and cognitive impairment. It can be a manifestation of various medical and neurological conditions such as delirium, dementia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and substance withdrawal. Psychomotor agitation may also increase the risk of aggressive behavior and physical harm to oneself or others. Appropriate evaluation and management are necessary to address the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms.

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, including respiratory, urinary, and skin infections. It works by inhibiting the bacterial DNA gyrase, which is an enzyme necessary for bacterial replication and transcription. This leads to bacterial cell death. Ciprofloxacin is available in oral and injectable forms and is usually prescribed to be taken twice a day. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and headache. It may also cause serious adverse reactions such as tendinitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects. It is important to note that ciprofloxacin should not be used in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones and should be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures, brain injury, or other neurological conditions.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Anti-infective agents are a class of medications that are used to treat infections caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These agents work by either killing the microorganism or inhibiting its growth, thereby helping to control the infection and alleviate symptoms.

There are several types of anti-infective agents, including:

1. Antibiotics: These are medications that are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing bacteria (bactericidal) or inhibiting their growth (bacteriostatic).
2. Antivirals: These are medications that are used to treat viral infections. They work by interfering with the replication of the virus, preventing it from spreading and causing further damage.
3. Antifungals: These are medications that are used to treat fungal infections. They work by disrupting the cell membrane of the fungus, killing it or inhibiting its growth.
4. Antiparasitics: These are medications that are used to treat parasitic infections. They work by either killing the parasite or inhibiting its growth and reproduction.

It is important to note that anti-infective agents are not effective against all types of infections, and it is essential to use them appropriately to avoid the development of drug-resistant strains of microorganisms.

Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics that are widely used to treat various types of bacterial infections. They work by interfering with the bacteria's ability to replicate its DNA, which ultimately leads to the death of the bacterial cells. Fluoroquinolones are known for their broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Some common fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin. These antibiotics are often used to treat respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and gastrointestinal infections, among others.

While fluoroquinolones are generally well-tolerated, they can cause serious side effects in some people, including tendonitis, nerve damage, and changes in mood or behavior. As with all antibiotics, it's important to use fluoroquinolones only when necessary and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Microbial sensitivity tests, also known as antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) or bacterial susceptibility tests, are laboratory procedures used to determine the effectiveness of various antimicrobial agents against specific microorganisms isolated from a patient's infection. These tests help healthcare providers identify which antibiotics will be most effective in treating an infection and which ones should be avoided due to resistance. The results of these tests can guide appropriate antibiotic therapy, minimize the potential for antibiotic resistance, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce unnecessary side effects or toxicity from ineffective antimicrobials.

There are several methods for performing microbial sensitivity tests, including:

1. Disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test): A standardized paper disk containing a predetermined amount of an antibiotic is placed on an agar plate that has been inoculated with the isolated microorganism. After incubation, the zone of inhibition around the disk is measured to determine the susceptibility or resistance of the organism to that particular antibiotic.
2. Broth dilution method: A series of tubes or wells containing decreasing concentrations of an antimicrobial agent are inoculated with a standardized microbial suspension. After incubation, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by observing the lowest concentration of the antibiotic that prevents visible growth of the organism.
3. Automated systems: These use sophisticated technology to perform both disk diffusion and broth dilution methods automatically, providing rapid and accurate results for a wide range of microorganisms and antimicrobial agents.

The interpretation of microbial sensitivity test results should be done cautiously, considering factors such as the site of infection, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antibiotic, potential toxicity, and local resistance patterns. Regular monitoring of susceptibility patterns and ongoing antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential to ensure optimal use of these tests and to minimize the development of antibiotic resistance.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.

Quinolones are a class of antibacterial agents that are widely used in medicine to treat various types of infections caused by susceptible bacteria. These synthetic drugs contain a chemical structure related to quinoline and have broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Quinolones work by inhibiting the bacterial DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV enzymes, which are essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair.

The first quinolone antibiotic was nalidixic acid, discovered in 1962. Since then, several generations of quinolones have been developed, with each generation having improved antibacterial activity and a broader spectrum of action compared to the previous one. The various generations of quinolones include:

1. First-generation quinolones (e.g., nalidixic acid): Primarily used for treating urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
2. Second-generation quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin): These drugs have improved activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and are used to treat a wider range of infections, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin infections.
3. Third-generation quinolones (e.g., levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, grepafloxacin): These drugs have enhanced activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including some anaerobes and atypical organisms like Legionella and Mycoplasma species.
4. Fourth-generation quinolones (e.g., moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin): These drugs have the broadest spectrum of activity, including enhanced activity against Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobes, and some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.

Quinolones are generally well-tolerated, but like all medications, they can have side effects. Common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), headache, and dizziness. Serious side effects, such as tendinitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and QT interval prolongation, are less common but can occur, particularly in older patients or those with underlying medical conditions. The use of quinolones should be avoided or used cautiously in these populations.

Quinolone resistance has become an increasing concern due to the widespread use of these antibiotics. Bacteria can develop resistance through various mechanisms, including chromosomal mutations and the acquisition of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. The overuse and misuse of quinolones contribute to the emergence and spread of resistant strains, which can limit treatment options for severe infections caused by these bacteria. Therefore, it is essential to use quinolones judiciously and only when clinically indicated, to help preserve their effectiveness and prevent further resistance development.

... overlaps with agitation generally, such as agitation in predementia and dementia; see Agitation (dementia ... "What is psychomotor agitation?". Medical News Today. Retrieved 13 June 2021. Causes of Psychomotor agitation Archived 2016-03- ... Recent studies found that nicotine withdrawal induces psychomotor agitation (motor deficit). In other cases, psychomotor ... but self-hugging as a component of a set of motor agitation movements is a sign of psychomotor agitation.[citation needed] ...
... psychomotor agitation; grimacing; echolalia and echopraxia. Catatonia may occur in the context of specific mental disorders, ... Catatonia presents as a motor disturbance in which patients will display marked reduction in movement, marked agitation, or a ... ICD-11 classification In ICD-11 catatonia is defined as a syndrome of primarily psychomotor disturbances that is characterized ... agitation, and combativeness. Speech and actions may be repetitive or mimic another person's. People in this state are ...
Psychomotor agitation Stress management Booth, DA; Sharpe, O; Freeman, RP; Conner, MT (2011). "Insight into sight, touch, taste ...
Bramness JG, Skurtveit S, Mørland J (June 2006). "Flunitrazepam: psychomotor impairment, agitation and paradoxical reactions". ... Susceptible individuals may respond to benzodiazepine treatment with an increase in anxiety, aggressiveness, agitation, ... may cause paradoxical effects such as agitation, hallucinations, excitement, insomnia, bizarre dreams, aggravation of psychotic ...
Bramness JG, Skurtveit S, Mørland J (June 2006). "Flunitrazepam: psychomotor impairment, agitation and paradoxical reactions". ... It also impairs psychomotor functions similar to other benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drugs; falls and hip ... Flunitrazepam may cause a paradoxical reaction in some individuals, including anxiety, aggressiveness, agitation, confusion, ...
Psychomotor learning Psychomotor agitation Tryon, W.W., 1991. Activity Measurement in Psychology and Medicine. Springer ... In schizophrenia, activity level may vary from psychomotor retardation to agitation; the patient experiences periods of ... "Psychomotor retardation". healthool.com. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2016. Benson, D. F. (1990). "3(1)". Psychomotor ... Psychomotor retardation involves a slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. It can cause ...
... is not limited to the motor cortex, however. Movement in learning Psychomotor agitation Psychomotor ... Psychomotor learning is the relationship between cognitive functions and physical movement. Psychomotor learning is ... In psychomotor learning research, attention is given to the learning of coordinated activity involving the arms, hands, fingers ... "Psychomotor development and learning.Ada taik2 bintik2". Essortment.com. 1986-05-16. Archived from the original on 2010-05-12. ...
In 1934, Stauder described a series of acute onset of psychomotor agitation in young people with no history of physical or ... The hyperdopaminergic state triggers aggression, agitation and psychomotor excitement. Additionally, CNS dopamine signaling is ... This phenomenon is not distinct to drug abuse but also other psychomotor stimulants such as stress. Dopaminergic transporters ... "A Double-Blind Study of Lorazepam versus the Combination of Haloperidol and Lorazepam in Managing Agitation". Pharmacotherapy: ...
... psychomotor agitation, and/or bulimia appeared. Pharmacodependence is very common with amineptine compared to other ... Psychomotor excitation can very rarely occur with this drug. Insomnia Irritability Nervousness Suicidal ideation. Seen early in ... A variety of psychological symptoms can occur during withdrawal from amineptine, such as anxiety and agitation. Very rarely: ... the treatment, by lifting of psychomotor inhibition. The risk of addiction is low, but exists nonetheless. Between 1978 and ...
... intoxication can cause hyperawareness, hypervigilance, and psychomotor agitation and delirium. Consumption of large ... Mental effects may include an intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, loss of contact with reality, or agitation. ...
... is a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation. Common side effects include agitation, absent ... Promazine (brand name Sparine among others), is used as a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation. Its approved ...
The brother had a history of seizures and psychomotor instability and agitation. Other symptoms included brachydactyly type D, ...
... psychomotor agitation) or very lethargic (psychomotor retardation). Psychomotor agitation is marked by increased body activity ... Psychomotor retardation results in a decrease in body activity. In this case, a depressed person may demonstrate a slowing of ... Weight loss or gain Change in body activity (psychomotor changes) Change in sleep Depressed mood Feelings of worthlessness and ... "Psychomotor retardation, anorexia, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and loss of energy: Psychopathological correlates of ...
... is a condition in which emergence from general anesthesia is accompanied by psychomotor agitation. Some see ...
... including psychomotor agitation, depression, aggressiveness, and equilibrium disorders. There is also evidence that metadoxine ...
... and psychomotor agitation (an excess of motor activity). Mental retardation (more commonly referred to as intellectual ... This then causes agitation and distress and secondary delusions. The term confusion state is sometimes used to mean clouding of ... Catatonia involves a significant psychomotor disturbance, which can occur as catalepsy, stupor, excessive purposeless motor ...
... psychomotor agitation, nausea, vomiting, and dyskinesia. In studies, a single person was suspected to have overdosed for a ...
Fatigue, psychomotor poverty, and agitation may be assessed with locomotor activity, grooming activity, and open field tests. ... psychomotor retardation). Further supporting the role of dopamine in depression is the consistent finding of decreased ... and dopamine in loss of motivation and psychomotor symptoms. The main limitation for the monoamine hypothesis of depression is ...
Symptoms include vomiting, excessive sweating, periods of stopped breathing, seizures, agitation, loss of psychomotor skills, ...
The most common signs of overdose are dilated pupils, somnolence, dizziness, psychomotor agitation, and abnormal, uncoordinated ... Symptoms of overdose may include but are not limited to:[citation needed] Agitation Depression Speech problems Blurred vision, ... Weight gain Anaemia Disturbance in attention Memory impairment Amnesia Cognitive disorder Mental impairment Psychomotor skills ... Insomnia Expressive language disorder Anxiety Confusional state Disorientation Aggression Mood altered Agitation Mood swings ...
It is also often used to treat dyskinesias, psychomotor agitations, tics, Huntington's chorea and alcohol dependence. ... Pollack CV (July 2016). "Inhaled loxapine for the urgent treatment of acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar ...
During childbirth, administration of methoxyflurane produces significantly better analgesia, less psychomotor agitation, and ... June 1993). "Alterations in pain threshold and psychomotor response associated with subanaesthetic concentrations of inhalation ...
The cerebral effects have been characterised as intense psychomotor agitation accompanied by delirium which corresponds to ...
What is seen as its counterpart, mania, can be characterized by racing thoughts, less need for sleep and psychomotor agitation ...
Agitation in dementia overlaps with psychomotor agitation but is not always equal to it, depending on whose definition is used ... psychomotor agitation by definition ("-motor") involves maladaptive movements, whereas agitation in predementia and dementia ... which is often triggered by the onset of agitation). There is no FDA-approved treatment for agitation in dementia. Medical ... Agitation is often part of dementia and often precedes the diagnosis of common age-related disorders of cognition such as ...
... and psychomotor agitation. These effects are seen more commonly with lorazepam than with other benzodiazepines. Paradoxical ... Zoupanos BN, Bryois C (July 2005). "[Treatment of agitation in the emergency room]" [Treatment of agitation in the emergency ... Lorazepam can effectively reduce agitation and induce sleep, and the duration of effects from a single dose makes it an ... Its relative effectiveness in preventing new memory formation, along with its ability to reduce agitation and anxiety, makes ...
During depressive episodes, BP-II patients tend to show higher rates of psychomotor agitation, guilt, shame, suicidal ideation ... psychomotor agitation, and/or excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (engaging ... and increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, or excessive involvement in activities with high risk of ... psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness/inappropriate guilt, decreased concentration, or ...
Activation refers to a state of psychomotor agitation that includes symptoms of insomnia, disinhibition and restlessness that ...
... psychomotor retardation, agitation, depression, and anxiety. According to a study done by Gawin and Kleber in 1986, there are ... The alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine may also be useful for agitation, but effects on heart rate and blood pressure are variable ...
... psychomotor agitation, pressured speech, tremor, tachycardia, and seizures, which could be fatal. Carbamates gained widespread ... psychomotor agitation, confusion, disorientation, and gastrointestinal complaints. Acute withdrawal from baclofen and phenibut ... They have other uses like muscle tremors, agitation, and alcohol withdrawal. Their muscle relaxant effects are useful for ... Glutethimide withdrawal featured severe agitation, tremor, and seizures which could be fatal. Overdose causes stupor or coma ...
Psychomotor agitation overlaps with agitation generally, such as agitation in predementia and dementia; see Agitation (dementia ... "What is psychomotor agitation?". Medical News Today. Retrieved 13 June 2021. Causes of Psychomotor agitation Archived 2016-03- ... Recent studies found that nicotine withdrawal induces psychomotor agitation (motor deficit). In other cases, psychomotor ... but self-hugging as a component of a set of motor agitation movements is a sign of psychomotor agitation.[citation needed] ...
Psychomotor agitation can cause a person to move without meaning. It is a symptom of several conditions, including bipolar ... Psychomotor agitation is a symptom of all three types of episode. However, the nature of psychomotor agitation can change, ... Typically, psychomotor agitation will not have. a single cause. A person may experience the condition due to a combination of ... Psychomotor agitation often affects people with bipolar disorder, but it is also associated with other conditions that affect ...
Psychomotor agitation is typically found in major depressive disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder, and sometimes the manic ...
Psychomotor agitation: Are there signs of restlessness, such as fidgeting, finger tapping, or suddenly changing positions? ... Psychomotor retardation: Are they staring into space, staying in one position for a long time, or moving slowly? ... such as extreme agitation or demonstrating violent behaviors. Examples of psychotropic medications that a doctor might ...
Psychomotor agitation * Delirium progressing to lethargy, stupor, coma Other general examination findings indicative of ...
Psychomotor agitation (nervous energy). *Psychomotor retardation (moving and thinking in slow motion) ...
Psychomotor agitation (nervous energy). *Psychomotor retardation (feeling like you are moving and thinking in slow motion) ...
Psychomotor agitation (nervous energy). *Psychomotor retardation (feeling like you are moving and thinking in slow motion) ...
Agitation decreased during week 2, increased again during week 3, only to decrease again in week 4. In addition, variance ... Effects of relaxing music on agitation during meals among nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment Arch ... Subjects were observed in terms of total number of behaviors of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory present during a given ...
Psychomotor Agitation / complications * Psychomotor Agitation / diagnosis* * Psychomotor Agitation / psychology * Psychotic ... and agitation), and behavioral syndrome (disinhibition, euphoria, apathy, and aberrant motor behavior). The sample population ...
Motor: Possible psychomotor agitation or retardation. * Cooperativeness: May cooperate or may be uncooperative ... Gehrman PR, Martin JL, Shochat T, Nolan S, Corey-Bloom J, Ancoli-Israel S. Sleep-disordered breathing and agitation in ... Martin J, Marler M, Shochat T, Ancoli-Israel S. Circadian rhythms of agitation in institutionalized patients with Alzheimers ... psychomotor complaints, increased accidents, and falls. [36] In the geriatric population, the most frequent complaints are ...
Psychomotor agitation or retardation; e. Decreased energy; 8 f. Feelings of guilt or worthlessness; g. Difficulty concentrating ...
Agitation is a feeling of aggravation, annoyance, or restlessness brought on by provocation or, in some cases, little to no ... Everything You Should Know About Psychomotor Agitation. Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M.D. ... Agitation is a normal emotion experienced by most people. In the majority of cases, theres no need for worry or concern. ... To relieve agitation caused by stress, your doctor might recommend a variety of relaxation techniques, including:. *deep ...
CNS effects including psychomotor agitation, confusion, and hallucination. Serotonin syndrome, seizures, cerebral vascular ... Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic ... agitation, dizziness, tachycardia, diarrhea, asthenia, and urinary tract infections. ( 6.1) ...
intense restlessness (psychomotor agitation) or visibly slowed movements. *significant weight loss. *excessive feelings of ...
Marked psychomotor Agitation/retardation. *Atypical Features. *Mood brightens to actual/potential positive events ...
Psychomotor agitation. Expected outcomes:. *Patient will remain oriented to person, place, time, and situation. ... An understanding of procedures and treatment promotes adherence and reduces anxiety or agitation. ...
Psychomotor Agitation * Pulmonary Infections * Pyelonephritis * Rash * Rectal Bleeding * Rectal Pain * Respiratory Syncytial ...
Psychomotor Agitation. *Bleed My Mind. *Whos Got the Bat Now?. *Off The Deep End ...
Psychomotor Agitation * Pulmonary Infections * Pyelonephritis * Rash * Rectal Bleeding * Rectal Pain * Respiratory Syncytial ...
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Psychomotor hyperactivity/agitation, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations. Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): ... Agitation, confusion, and toxic psychosis have also been reported during postmarketing experience.[Ref] ...
... psycho-motor agitation; involvement in activities that are negative.. 3. Mixed Episodes:(Bi-Polar) meets criteria for ... agitation or motor sluggishness; fatigue; worthlessness, guilt; difficulty thinking, concentrating, making decisions, suicide ...
Change in activity level, characterized either by psychomotor agitation or retardation. *Loss of energy ...
"Medium- and High-Intensity RTMS Reduces Psychomotor Agitation with Distinct Neurobiologic Mechanisms." ,i>TRANSLATIONAL ... "Medium- and High-Intensity RTMS Reduces Psychomotor Agitation with Distinct Neurobiologic Mechanisms." ,i>TRANSLATIONAL ... MI-rTMS and HI-rTMS attenuated psychomotor agitation but only MI-rTMS increased BDNF and neurogenesis levels. HI-rTMS ... MI-rTMS and HI-rTMS attenuated psychomotor agitation but only MI-rTMS increased BDNF and neurogenesis levels. HI-rTMS ...
... and psychomotor agitation.[63] In cases of much larger overdoses mania, depression, lapses in judgment, disorientation, loss of ... "Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action". Cell Mol Life Sci. 61 (7-8): 857-72. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3269-3 ...
... psychomotor agitation or retardation; fatigue or lack of power; emotions of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; ...
2017). Rapid tranquilization for psychiatric patients with psychomotor agitation: What is known about it?. https://pubmed.ncbi. ...
  • Episodes may be accompanied by various somatic symptoms including psychomotor retardation, agitation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and loss of libido. (cdc.gov)
  • When accounting for demographic variables and the overall severity of MDD, those with comorbid OCD reported lower levels of anhedonia and more severe difficulties with psychomotor retardation/agitation. (lu.se)
  • Symptoms include changes in sleep and appetite, changes in psychomotor behavior-either agitation or retardation-fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, impaired concentration, and suicidal thinking. (medscape.com)
  • Psychomotor agitation is a feeling of anxious restlessness that can lead to unintended movements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Background: The hyperactive subtype of delirium is characterized by agitation, restlessness, delusions, and/or hallucinations, which commonly present near end of life (EoL). (bvsalud.org)
  • This article explores the ways of feeling, moving, and behaving that could be symptoms of psychomotor agitation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • To identify the underlying cause of your agitation, your doctor will likely start by asking you questions about your medical history and lifestyle, along with other symptoms you may be experiencing. (healthline.com)
  • Exercise helps reduce mental health disorder symptoms such as anxiety, depression, anger and psychomotor agitation. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Delirium occurs in 30%-50% of adults aged 65 years or older admitted to hospital, and may be hypoactive (lethargy, reduced psychomotor functioning), hyperactive (agitation, hallucinations) or mixed. (cmaj.ca)
  • Agitation (dementia) Akathisia Body-focused repetitive behavior Excited delirium Burgess, Lana (16 October 2017). (wikipedia.org)
  • People showing signs of psychomotor agitation may be experiencing mental tension and anxiety, which comes out physically as: fast or repetitive movements movements that have no purpose movements that are not intentional These activities are the subconscious mind's way of trying to relieve tension[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes, however, psychomotor agitation does not relate to mental tension and anxiety. (wikipedia.org)
  • To classify patients according to changes in the frequency and severity of BPSD, growth mixture models were fitted to the applied to the grouping of NPI subscales in the following three categories: psychotic syndrome (hallucinations and delusions), affective syndrome (depression, anxiety, irritability, and agitation), and behavioral syndrome (disinhibition, euphoria, apathy, and aberrant motor behavior). (nih.gov)
  • An understanding of procedures and treatment promotes adherence and reduces anxiety or agitation. (nursetogether.com)
  • In other cases, psychomotor agitation can be caused by antipsychotic medications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Youth with MDD and OCD have more severe MDD than those with MDD and no OCD and they experience more psychomotor issues and less anhedonia, which may relate to the behavioral activation characteristic of OCD. (lu.se)
  • Droperidol, haloperidol, or other typical antipsychotics can decrease the duration of agitation caused by acute psychosis, but should be avoided if the agitation is suspected to be akathisia, which can be potentially worsened. (wikipedia.org)
  • Psychomotor agitation is typically found in various mental disorders, especially in psychotic and mood disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • It also looks at what mood disorders are associated with psychomotor agitation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Psychomotor agitation is typically found in major depressive disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder, and sometimes the manic phase in bipolar disorder, though it can also be a result of an excess intake of stimulants. (pallipedia.org)
  • Psychomotor agitation often affects people with bipolar disorder , but it is also associated with other conditions that affect mental health or neurological function. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • People with psychomotor agitation and mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia may feel uneasy, nervous, or that there is no hope of controlling their agitations. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Psychomotor agitation is particularly prevalent among people with bipolar disorder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A form of self-treatment arises in that many patients develop stimming in a natural, unplanned, and largely nonconscious way, simply because they coincidentally discover behavior that brings some relief to their psychomotor agitation, and develop habits around it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Control of psychomotor agitation and aggressive behavior in patients with autistic disorder: a retrospective chart review. (bvsalud.org)
  • Someone experiencing psychomotor agitation may display these behaviors in a way that seems uncontrolled or erratic. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Subjects were observed in terms of total number of behaviors of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory present during a given week, and the number of behaviors present on the subscales of aggressive, physically nonaggressive, verbally agitated, and hiding/hoarding behaviors. (nih.gov)
  • For example, self-hugging can be therapeutically advisable, but self-hugging as a component of a set of motor agitation movements is a sign of psychomotor agitation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Often people experiencing psychomotor agitation feel as if their movements are not deliberate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Movements resulting from psychomotor agitation in a manic episode may appear chaotic. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • They may make some movements that are signs of psychomotor agitation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In many cases, taking steps to reduce stress can relieve agitation. (healthline.com)
  • What's the outlook for agitation? (healthline.com)
  • Your outlook will depend on the underlying cause of your agitation and the steps you take to treat it. (healthline.com)
  • Recent studies found that nicotine withdrawal induces psychomotor agitation (motor deficit). (wikipedia.org)
  • Psychomotor agitation: In a psychiatric hospital, this would mean episodes of "excitement": smashing windows and attacking other patients. (psychologytoday.com)
  • You are working a regular weekend shift when suddenly you get an influx of young patients presenting to your emergency department with altered mental status (AMS), agitation, tachycardia, hypertension and elevated core body temperatures. (emra.org)
  • Psychomotor agitation can be distressing for people who experience it and may also cause concern to others around them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If you regularly experience agitation for no known reason, talk with your doctor. (healthline.com)
  • People experiencing psychomotor agitation may feel the following emotions or do the following actions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Agitation is a normal emotion experienced by most people. (healthline.com)
  • In those with psychosis causing agitation, there is a lack of support for the use of benzodiazepines alone, however they are commonly used in combination with antipsychotics since they can prevent side effects associated with dopamine antagonists. (wikipedia.org)
  • The IM formulations of these three atypical antipsychotics are considered to be at least as effective or even more effective than the IM administration of haloperidol alone or haloperidol with lorazepam (which is the standard treatment of agitation in most hospitals) and the atypicals have a dramatically improved tolerability due to a milder side-effect profile. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seeking treatment for psychomotor agitation can help a person identify and manage conditions or environmental factors that may contribute to their agitation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Starting treatment early for psychomotor agitation can help reduce its impact and associated conditions on someone's life. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Your doctor can help identify the cause of your agitation and, if needed, prescribe treatment . (healthline.com)
  • Your doctor's recommended treatment plan will depend on what's causing your agitation. (healthline.com)
  • Recently, three atypical antipsychotics, olanzapine, aripiprazole and ziprasidone, have become available and FDA approved as an instant release intramuscular injection formulations to control acute agitation. (wikipedia.org)
  • If a person is experiencing psychomotor agitation or knows someone who is, they should speak with a doctor. (medicalnewstoday.com)