Pterygium
Conjunctiva
Conjunctival Diseases
Scleritis
Mitomycin
Autografts
Limbus Corneae
Encyclopedias as Topic
Pterygium and its relationship to the dry eye in the Bantu. (1/211)
A comparative study was performed on two groups of Bantus in Johannesburg to see if there was any relationship between the "dry eye" and pterygia, but no correlation was found. (+info)Conjunctival-limbal autografts for primary and recurrent pterygia: technique and results. (2/211)
Our technique of pterygium excision with conjunctival-limbal autografting is described and the safety and efficacy of the procedure in India is analysed. Case records of 51 consecutive patients (53 eyes) who underwent surgery at our institute between November 1992 and September 1994 were retrospectively analysed. Recurrence was defined as fibrovascular tissue crossing the corneoscleral limbus onto clear cornea in the area of previous pterygium excision. 2 (3.8%) of the 53 pterygia (primary 36; recurrent 17) recurred, after a mean follow up of 18.9 +/- 12.1 months (range: 1.5-43 months). Both recurrences occurred within a year of follow up, in patients who were < or = 40 years of age. No major operative or postoperative complications were encountered. The inclusion of limbal tissue in conjunctival autografts following pterygium excision appears to be essential to ensure low recurrence rates. The technique is safe, simple and inexpensive and is recommended for the management of both primary and recurrent pterygia in Indian eyes. (+info)Alteration of sialyl Lewis epitope expression in pterygium. (3/211)
PURPOSE: Mucin-related antigens are abundantly expressed by the cells of the normal human conjunctiva. The pattern of these antigens in pterygium, and especially the role of Galbeta1-3GlcNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal III), sialyltransferase necessary to build the sialyl-Le(a) (Lewis(a)) antigen, were studied. METHODS: Immunoperoxidase staining was performed on 28 pterygia using different monoclonal antibodies: anti-M1 (against the peptidic core of gastric mucins encoded by MUC 5AC gene), anti-Le(a)(7LE), anti-sialyl Le(a)(NS 19-9), and anti-Le(b)(2-25LE). A serologic Lewis determination was done in 18 patients. ST3Gal III sialyltransferase expression was also studied in 10 healthy conjunctiva and 10 pterygia by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase was used as an endogenous internal control. RESULTS: First, Le(a), sialyl Le(a), and Le(b) immunoreactivities either decreased or were no longer detectable in pterygium goblet cells as opposed to normal conjunctiva. Second, unlike in pterygium, the Lewis immunoreactivity, which is mainly located in the surface epithelial cells in the normal conjunctiva, was occasionally restricted to the epithelial cells of the deep layers. However, M1 mucins did show an identical pattern expression in a normal conjunctiva and pterygium. ST3Gal III expression was significantly lower in pterygium (0.20+/-0.02 AU [arbitrary units]) than in normal conjunctiva (0.95+/-0.12 AU). CONCLUSIONS: ST3Gal III gene is less expressed in pterygium than in normal conjunctiva. This observation could explain the decrease of sialyl Le(a) expression observed in pterygium by immunohistology. (+info)Culture and characterisation of epithelial cells from human pterygia. (4/211)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pterygia are a common disorder of the ocular surface. The disease represents a chronic fibrovascular and degenerative process thought to originate at the conjunctival-corneal junction, where altered limbal stem cells are proposed to be the cell of origin. Extensive epidemiological evidence exists to implicate ultraviolet B irradiation in the pathogenesis of pterygia. To date no animal or in vitro culture model has been developed to test such an hypothesis. The aim of this study was to establish and characterise a pure population of epithelial cells derived from pterygium tissue. METHODS: Tissue specimens were obtained from patients undergoing pterygium excision. Explants were cultured in either serum free or serum supplemented medium. Primary and passaged cells were processed for light microscopy, analysed by flow cytometry, and characterised immunohistochemically using specific antibodies. RESULTS: In serum free culture, cuboidal cells with typical morphology of epithelial cells migrated from the pterygium explants from 3 days onwards and eventually formed a cohesive monolayer. Passaged cells consisted of 98.4% cytokeratin positive cells and demonstrated immunoreactivity for multiple cytokeratins, including AE1, AE3, AE5, but were negative for AE8. These cells also expressed an epithelial specific antigen, together with vimentin and mucin, as did epithelial cells in sections of pterygia. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively simple method of isolating pterygium epithelial cells has been established. Cultured pterygium epithelial cells are phenotypically and functionally similar to their in vivo counterparts with respect to keratin, vimentin, and mucin expression. In vitro assays using these cells may aid in elucidating the pathogenesis of pterygia. (+info)Apoptosis and apoptosis related gene expression in normal conjunctiva and pterygium. (5/211)
BACKGROUND: Pterygium is a relatively common eye disease in the tropics whose aetiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain. As such, interest has focused on understanding the underlying mechanism of pterygia development. METHODS: 15 specimens of pterygia from 15 eyes were examined, together with normal conjunctival tissue from the same eyes for the pattern of gene expression of genes associated with the induction or repression of apoptosis (p53, bcl-2, and bax). In addition, the samples directly for apoptotic cells were examined by the terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) mediated nick end labelling (TUNEL) methodology. RESULTS: In pterygia specimens apoptotic cells were found mainly confined to the basal layer of cells of the epithelial layer, situated immediately adjacent to the fibrovascular support layer. These cells were shown to express significant levels of p53 and bax, as well as the apoptosis inhibiting protein bcl-2. In contrast, normal conjunctival specimens displayed no bcl-2 expression and apoptotic cells were seen throughout the entire width of the epithelial layer, coupled with high levels of bax expression. CONCLUSION: These results support a model whereby pterygia development is a result of disruption of the normal process of apoptosis occurring in the conjunctiva. (+info)Epidemiology of pterygium in Victoria, Australia. (6/211)
AIM: To describe the prevalence of and risk factors for pterygium in a population based sample of residents of the Australian state of Victoria who were aged 40 years and older. METHODS: The strata comprised nine randomly selected clusters from the Melbourne statistical division, 14 nursing homes randomly selected from the nursing homes within a 5 kilometre radius of the nine Melbourne clusters, and four randomly selected clusters from rural Victoria. Pterygium was measured in millimetres from the tip to the middle of the base. During an interview, people were queried about previous ocular surgery, including surgical removal of pterygium, and their lifetime exposure to sunlight. RESULTS: 5147 people participated. They ranged in age from 40 to 101 years and 2850 (55.4%) were female. Only one person in the Melbourne cohort reported previous pterygium surgery, and seven rural residents reported previous surgery; this information was unavailable for the nursing home residents. Pterygium was present upon clinical examination in 39 (1.2%) of the 3229 Melbourne residents who had the clinical examination, six (1. 7%) of the nursing home residents, and 96 (6.7%) of the rural residents. The overall weighted population rate in the population was 2.83% (95% CL 2.35, 3.31). The independent risk factors for pterygium were found to be age (OR=1.23, 95% CL=1.06, 1.44), male sex (OR=2.02, 95% CL=1.35, 3.03), rural residence (OR=5.28, 95% CL=3. 56, 7.84), and lifetime ocular sun exposure (OR=1.63, 95% CL=1.18, 2. 25). The attributable risk of sunlight and pterygium was 43.6% (95% CL=42.7, 44.6). The result was the same when ocular UV-B exposure was substituted in the model for broad band sun exposure. CONCLUSION: Pterygium is a significant public health problem in rural areas, primarily as a result of ocular sun exposure. (+info)Expression of MMPs and TIMPs in human pterygia and cultured pterygium epithelial cells. (7/211)
PURPOSE: Pterygia are a common, benign, fibrovascular, and infiltrative process of the corneal-conjunctival junction of unknown pathogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes active against all components of the extracellular matrix, whose activity is specifically neutralized by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). In the current study the hypothesis was that MMPs and TIMPs may actively participate in the formation and progression of pterygia. METHODS: In this study, 25 pterygium specimens and 15 normal conjunctival biopsies obtained from subjects undergoing surgery for glaucoma and cataract, were processed for immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization. Pterygium epithelial cells (PECs) were cultured under serum-free conditions and exposed to proinflammatory cytokines to determine both the mRNA and protein expression profiles of MMPs and TIMPs. RESULTS: Collagenase-1 and gelatinase A were expressed in all pterygia examined, specifically localized to the epithelium (directly adjacent to collagen type III), with gelatinase B expression exclusively associated with neutrophils. No collagenase-1 or gelatinase A was detected in normal conjunctiva. TIMP-1 and -3 were localized to epithelial cells with additional TIMP-3 immunoreactivity detected in the extracellular matrix, endothelial cells and leukocytes of all diseased tissue. TIMP-3 protein was evident in 4 of 15 normal conjunctiva. Induction of collagenase-1, gelatinase A, and TIMP-1 mRNA and protein was demonstrated in epithelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1alpha, whereas TIMP-3 expression was unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to document the cellular expression of MMPs and TIMPs in pterygia and cultured human PECs. MMPs and TIMPs may contribute to the inflammation, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis that characterize pterygia. Understanding the role these proteins play may lead to novel therapies intended to reduce the progressive nature of pterygia. (+info)Analysis of variation in success rates in conjunctival autografting for primary and recurrent pterygium. (8/211)
AIMS: To evaluate the success rates of conjunctival autografting for primary and recurrent pterygium performed in a tertiary ophthalmic centre. METHODS: The outcome of 139 cases with primary pterygia and 64 cases with recurrent pterygia who underwent excision with conjunctival autografting was retrospectively reviewed. Outcome was evaluated in terms of recurrence of pterygia onto the cornea. The recurrence rates were determined using Weibull survival functions, in a mixture model that included a component allowing for cure. The suitability of this model was verified using Turnbull's non-parametric method for interval censored data (1974). Estimated recurrence free probabilities were based on the fitted Weibull survival curves. RESULTS: Mean follow up was 8.4 months in the primary group, and 9.5 months for the recurrent group. 29 out of 139 cases of primary pterygia recurred (20.8%) while 20 out of 64 cases in the recurrent group (31.2%) recurred. Recurrence rates varied widely among surgeons, ranging from 5% to 82%. Recurrence rates were inversely related to previous experience in performing conjunctival grafting. The recurrence free probability was 84% at 3 months, 73% at 1 year for primary pterygia, and 80% at 3 months, 67% at 1 year for recurrent pterygia. There was no statistical difference in recurrence rates between primary and recurrent groups (p= 0.80). CONCLUSION: The success of conjunctival autografting for pterygium in this series varies widely, and may be related to a significant learning curve or differing surgical techniques for this procedure. This may account for the wide variation in reported success of this procedure in the ophthalmic literature. (+info)A pterygium is a benign, triangular-shaped growth of the conjunctiva (the clear, thin tissue that covers the white part of the eye) that extends onto the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye). It typically forms on the side of the eye closest to the nose and can sometimes grow large enough to interfere with vision.
Pterygium is believed to be caused by a combination of environmental factors, such as prolonged exposure to sunlight, wind, and dust, and genetic predisposition. Chronic inflammation and dry eye syndrome may also contribute to its development.
While pterygium is not cancerous, it can cause discomfort, redness, and irritation. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the growth, especially if it affects vision or becomes cosmetically bothersome. However, recurrence of pterygium after surgery is relatively common.
The conjunctiva is the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the front part of the eye, also known as the sclera. It helps to keep the eye moist and protected from irritants. The conjunctiva can become inflamed or infected, leading to conditions such as conjunctivitis (pink eye).
Congenital Lower Extremity Deformities refer to abnormal structures or development in the lower limbs (including thighs, legs, and feet) that are present at birth. These deformities can vary greatly in severity, from mild differences in shape or position to severe defects that significantly limit mobility or function.
Congenital lower extremity deformities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both. Some common examples include:
1. Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot): A deformity where the foot is turned inward and downward at birth.
2. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): A condition where the hip joint does not form properly, leading to instability or dislocation.
3. Congenital Femoral Deficiency: A rare condition where there is a deficiency or absence of the femur (thigh bone) or abnormal development of the hip joint.
4. Fibular Hemimelia: A congenital absence or shortening of the fibula bone, which can lead to foot and ankle deformities.
5. Tibial Hemimelia: A rare condition where there is a partial or complete absence of the tibia bone, leading to significant leg length discrepancies and joint instability.
Treatment for congenital lower extremity deformities can range from non-surgical interventions such as bracing, casting, or physical therapy to surgical procedures aimed at correcting the deformity and improving function.
Ophthalmologic surgical procedures refer to various types of surgeries performed on the eye and its surrounding structures by trained medical professionals called ophthalmologists. These procedures aim to correct or improve vision, diagnose and treat eye diseases or injuries, and enhance the overall health and functionality of the eye. Some common examples of ophthalmologic surgical procedures include:
1. Cataract Surgery: This procedure involves removing a cloudy lens (cataract) from the eye and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
2. LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis): A type of refractive surgery that uses a laser to reshape the cornea, correcting nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.
3. Glaucoma Surgery: Several surgical options are available for treating glaucoma, including laser trabeculoplasty, traditional trabeculectomy, and various drainage device implantations. These procedures aim to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevent further optic nerve damage.
4. Corneal Transplant: This procedure involves replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea to restore vision and improve the eye's appearance.
5. Vitreoretinal Surgery: These procedures focus on treating issues within the vitreous humor (gel-like substance filling the eye) and the retina, such as retinal detachment, macular holes, or diabetic retinopathy.
6. Strabismus Surgery: This procedure aims to correct misalignment of the eyes (strabismus) by adjusting the muscles responsible for eye movement.
7. Oculoplastic Surgery: These procedures involve reconstructive, cosmetic, and functional surgeries around the eye, such as eyelid repair, removal of tumors, or orbital fracture repairs.
8. Pediatric Ophthalmologic Procedures: Various surgical interventions are performed on children to treat conditions like congenital cataracts, amblyopia (lazy eye), or blocked tear ducts.
These are just a few examples of ophthalmic surgical procedures. The specific treatment plan will depend on the individual's condition and overall health.
Conjunctival diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the conjunctiva, which is the thin, clear mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eye (known as the sclera). The conjunctiva helps to keep the eye moist and protected from irritants.
Conjunctival diseases can cause a range of symptoms, including redness, itching, burning, discharge, grittiness, and pain. Some common conjunctival diseases include:
1. Conjunctivitis (pink eye): This is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or allergies. Symptoms may include redness, itching, discharge, and watery eyes.
2. Pinguecula: This is a yellowish, raised bump that forms on the conjunctiva, usually near the corner of the eye. It is caused by an overgrowth of connective tissue and may be related to sun exposure or dry eye.
3. Pterygium: This is a fleshy growth that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea (the clear front part of the eye). It can cause redness, irritation, and vision problems if it grows large enough to cover the pupil.
4. Allergic conjunctivitis: This is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Symptoms may include redness, itching, watery eyes, and swelling.
5. Chemical conjunctivitis: This is an irritation or inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by exposure to chemicals such as chlorine, smoke, or fumes. Symptoms may include redness, burning, and tearing.
6. Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC): This is a type of allergic reaction that occurs in response to the presence of a foreign body in the eye, such as a contact lens. Symptoms may include itching, mucus discharge, and a gritty feeling in the eye.
Treatment for conjunctival diseases depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, over-the-counter medications or home remedies may be sufficient to relieve symptoms. However, more severe cases may require prescription medication or medical intervention. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider if you experience persistent or worsening symptoms of conjunctival disease.
Scleritis is a serious, painful inflammatory condition that affects the sclera, which is the white, tough outer coating of the eye. It can lead to severe pain, light sensitivity, and potential loss of vision if not promptly treated. Scleritis may occur in isolation or be associated with various systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis). Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and management.
Mitomycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic derived from Streptomyces caespitosus. It is primarily used in cancer chemotherapy, particularly in the treatment of various carcinomas including gastrointestinal tract malignancies and breast cancer. Mitomycin works by forming cross-links in DNA, thereby inhibiting its replication and transcription, which ultimately leads to cell death.
In addition to its systemic use, mitomycin is also used topically in ophthalmology for the treatment of certain eye conditions such as glaucoma and various ocular surface disorders. The topical application of mitomycin can help reduce scarring and fibrosis by inhibiting the proliferation of fibroblasts.
It's important to note that mitomycin has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning there is only a small range between an effective dose and a toxic one. Therefore, its use should be closely monitored to minimize side effects, which can include myelosuppression, mucositis, alopecia, and potential secondary malignancies.
An autograft, also known as an autologous graft, is a type of graft in which tissue is transferred from one part of the body to another in the same individual. In other words, the tissue is taken from the patient themselves and then transplanted to a different site on their own body. This can be done for a variety of reasons, such as to repair damaged or missing tissue due to injury, disease, or surgery.
There are several types of autografts, including:
* Skin grafts: In this type of autograft, healthy skin is taken from one part of the body and transplanted to another part of the body that has been damaged or lost its own skin due to burns, injury, or surgery.
* Bone grafts: In this type of autograft, bone tissue is taken from one part of the body and transplanted to another part of the body to repair a fracture or fusion, or to provide support for dental implants.
* Tendon grafts: In this type of autograft, tendons are taken from one part of the body and transplanted to another part of the body to replace damaged or torn tendons.
* Cartilage grafts: In this type of autograft, cartilage tissue is taken from one part of the body and transplanted to another part of the body to repair damaged or missing cartilage due to injury or disease.
Autografts are generally considered to be the "gold standard" for grafting procedures because they have a lower risk of rejection compared to allografts (grafts from another individual) and xenografts (grafts from an animal). However, there are some risks associated with autografts, including infection, bleeding, and pain at the donor site.
The limbus cornea, also known as the corneoscleral junction, is the border between the transparent cornea and the opaque sclera in the eye. It's a circular, narrow region that contains cells called limbal stem cells, which are essential for maintaining the health and clarity of the cornea. These stem cells continuously regenerate and differentiate into corneal epithelial cells, replacing the outermost layer of the cornea. Any damage or disorder in this area can lead to vision impairment or loss.
Blepharitis is a common inflammatory condition that affects the eyelids, specifically the eyelash follicles and the edges of the eyelids (called the "eyelid margins"). It can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, burning, and a crusty or flaky buildup on the lashes. Blepharitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial infection, skin disorders like seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea, and meibomian gland dysfunction. It is often a chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment to manage symptoms and prevent recurrence.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Skin abnormalities refer to any changes in the skin that deviate from its normal structure, function, or color. These can manifest as various conditions such as lesions, growths, discolorations, or textural alterations. Examples include moles, freckles, birthmarks, rashes, hives, acne, eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, skin cancer, and many others. Some skin abnormalities may be harmless and require no treatment, while others might indicate an underlying medical condition that requires further evaluation and management.
Cleft lip is a congenital birth defect that affects the upper lip, causing it to develop incompletely or split. This results in an opening or gap in the lip, which can range from a small split to a significant separation that extends into the nose. Cleft lip is often accompanied by cleft palate, which is a similar condition affecting the roof of the mouth.
The medical definition of cleft lip is as follows:
A congenital deformity resulting from failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes during embryonic development, leading to a varying degree of separation or split in the upper lip, ranging from a minor notch to a complete cleft extending into the nose. It may occur as an isolated anomaly or in association with other congenital defects, such as cleft palate.
Cleft lip can be surgically corrected through various reconstructive procedures, typically performed during infancy or early childhood. The specific treatment plan depends on the severity and location of the cleft, as well as any associated medical conditions. Early intervention and comprehensive care from a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals are crucial for optimal outcomes in cleft lip repair.
Pterygium
Pterygium unguis
Pterygium (eye)
Pterygium inversum unguis
Popliteal pterygium syndrome
Autosomal dominant multiple pterygium syndrome
Pterygia nucea
Pterygia dactylus
Pterygia purtymuni
Pterygia crenulata
Pterygia scabricula
Pterygia japonica
Pterygia arctata
Pterygia fenestrata
Pterygia morrisoni
Pterygia sinensis
Pterygia jeanjacquesi
Pterygia undulosa
Pterygia (gastropod)
Pterygia conus
Pterygia gorii
Sunburn
Sungazing
Pseudopterygium
IRF6
List of OMIM disorder codes
Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal
Draba verna
Eye neoplasm
CHRNG
Pterygium - Wikipedia
Pterygium: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Pterygium: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
New Approach Emerges for Pterygium Surgery - American Academy of Ophthalmology
Pterygium-2-pterygium prgressed » New York Eye Cancer Center
Molecular Vision: HPV infection and p53 inactivation in pterygium
Pinguecula and Pterygium - Eye | Bumrungrad Hospital
Community Eye Health Journal » Pterygium
Article Metrics] Pterygium Surgery Utilizing Limbal Conjunctival Autograft and Subconju | OPTH
Surfer's Eye Treatment | Pterygium Symptoms & Treatment Options
Unnecessary Surgery for Pterygia - OMIC
Solar keratosis, pterygium, and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in Malawi. | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
Pterygium in adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region: prevalence, visual status and refractive errors | British Journal of...
Concomitant Examination of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in the Pathogenesis of Primary Moderate Pterygium in a Well-designed...
Clinical observation of extensive fascial resection combined with autologous limbal stem cell sharing transplantation for...
better vision with smile | Los Angeles Zeiss SMILE Lasik Painless Eye Surgery, Laser Cataract, Presbyopic Implants, EVO ICL,...
The MicroRNA And MessengerRNA Gene Expression Signature Of Human Primary Pterygium | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Mr Tappin has developed an innovative modification to the treatment of pterygium
Distinct gene subsets in pterygia formation and recurrence: Dissecting complex biological phenomenon using genome wide...
Pterygium
Pterygium
Pterygium Surgery, Pterygium Removal In Kolhapur - View Doctors, Book Appointment Online | Practo
Pterygium | Drsuvirajain 1
Pterygium » EyeWest Vision
Pterygium - Harley Vision
Pterygium Remover - Kupa Inc
Pterygium - Vision Eyes Optometrist
Cornea24
- The main symptom of a pterygium is a painless area of raised white tissue that has blood vessels on the inner or outer edge of the cornea. (medlineplus.gov)
- If a pterygium affects the cornea, removing it can have good results. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ongoing inflammation can cause a pterygium to grow farther onto the cornea. (medlineplus.gov)
- Pterygia can vary from small, atrophic quiescent lesions to large, aggressive, rapidly growing fibrovascular lesions that can distort the corneal topography, and, in advanced cases, they can obscure the optical center of the cornea. (medscape.com)
- (Fig. 1) Preoperative photograph shows pterygium impinging on the cornea. (aao.org)
- A pterygium is an eye growth that occurs on the cornea of the eye. (bumrungrad.com)
- Depending on the case, pterygium may be red, swollen, thick or large enough to affect the shape of the cornea (leading to astigmatism). (lasereyecenter.com)
- Pterygium extends to cover the cornea, which can cause significant irregular corneal astigmatism, pupil occlusion and affect visual acuity. (researchsquare.com)
- For those unfamiliar with the condition, pterygium is a growth of fibrovascular tissue over the cornea. (laservision.co.uk)
- If you think you may need treatment for the condition of pterygium, please get in touch to arrange a consultation with one of our Cornea specialists. (laservision.co.uk)
- Should a pterygium grow into the cornea, the clear, outer layer of the eye, it can distort the shape of the cornea causing a condition called astigmatism or lead to corneal scarring. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
- Prior to pterygium, sufferers often have a noncancerous condition called pinguecula, which is a yellowish patch or bump on the conjunctiva near the cornea. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
- Delay in pterygium can allow it to grow deeper as well as towards the center of cornea. (drsuvirajain.com)
- A pterygium is abnormal thickening and growth of the tissue (conjunctiva) overlying the white part of the eye (sclera), and extension of this growth onto the cornea. (harleyvision.com)
- This will lead to the encroachment of the conjunctival cells over the cornea called the pterygium. (harleyvision.com)
- A thorough slit lamp examination can make a diagnosis of the pterygium to check the cornea, conjunctiva, and limbus through a microscope. (harleyvision.com)
- As the pterygium develops, it may alter the shape of the cornea, causing astigmatism. (visioneyes.co.za)
- Before the pterygium invades the central cornea, it should be removed surgically. (visioneyes.co.za)
- A pterygium, or plural pterygia, is a wing-shaped overgrowth of white conjunctival tissue that grows over the surface of the cornea. (losangelespterygium.com)
- If the pterygium grows over the cornea, can cause astigmatism and blurry vision. (sightlinelaser.com)
- A pterygium is a non-cancerous growth on the cornea (the clear front window of the eye). (dzeyemd.com)
- A pinguecula does not overlap the cornea (the clear layer in front of the iris and pupil), but a pterygium does. (msdmanuals.com)
- A pterygium is a fleshy growth of the conjunctiva that spreads across onto the cornea. (msdmanuals.com)
- Most pterygia do not cause symptoms, but sometimes they cause irritation or distort the shape of the cornea, possibly causing a decrease in vision (either due to obstruction or induced astigmatism), and it can also be a cosmetic concern. (msdmanuals.com)
Pingueculae2
- Today, the pterygium or pingueculae can be replaced with amniotic membrane grafting. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
- Pingueculae and Pterygia are both benign growths that develop on the surface of the eye. (southeasteyecare.com)
Surgery22
- Outcome of pterygium surgery: analysis over 14 years. (medscape.com)
- Eye rubbing causing conjunctival graft dehiscence following pterygium surgery with fibrin glue. (medscape.com)
- Pterygium surgery with mitomycin-C: ten-year results. (medscape.com)
- During the past decade, the debate over the best approach to pterygium surgery has centered on whether surgeons should use sutures or fibrin glue to affix the conjunctival graft. (aao.org)
- Pterygial samples were harvested from 129 patients who were undergoing pterygium surgery and submitted a written informed consent approved by the Institutional Review Board. (molvis.org)
- During surgery, the doctor anesthetizes the eye and extracts the pterygium and eye tissue covering the conjunctiva. (lasereyecenter.com)
- ALLEGATION Unnecessary pterygium surgery and lack of informed consent. (omic.com)
- Consider whether surgery is right for you, based on the size of the pterygium and the presence of chronic redness or irritation. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
- Surgery might also be an option if the pterygium prevents you from wearing contact lenses or is causing astigmatism. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
- Bahar I, Weinberger D, Gaton DD, Avisar R. Fibrin glue versus vicryl sutures for primary conjunctival closure in pterygium surgery: long-term results. (medscape.com)
- Oguz H. Amniotic membrane grafting versus conjunctival autografting in pterygium surgery. (medscape.com)
- Postoperative conjunctival inflammation after pterygium surgery with amniotic membrane transplantation versus conjunctival autograft. (medscape.com)
- 2. Do I need a Pterygium surgery? (drsuvirajain.com)
- 3.How is Pterygium Surgery done? (drsuvirajain.com)
- 4.Can my pterygium come back after surgery? (drsuvirajain.com)
- Pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft reduces the chance of recurrence significantly. (drsuvirajain.com)
- 5.Are there any restrictions after pterygium surgery? (drsuvirajain.com)
- 6.What if I delay my Pterygium surgery? (drsuvirajain.com)
- Pterygium Surgery involves the removal of the pterygium using general anesthesia. (harleyvision.com)
- Surgery is only recommended if the risk of corneal scarring and vision loss due to the progression of the pterygium is high. (harleyvision.com)
- If pterygium has grown large enough to cause vision problems, surgery options can be discussed with your eye surgeon. (sightlinelaser.com)
- AJO: A subconjunctival injection at time of surgery was safe and effective in pterygium surgery. (eyedocnews.com)
Surgically3
- It then becomes necessary to remove the pterygium surgically. (lasereyecenter.com)
- Pterygium is surgically removed and a part of the conjunctiva from your same eye is used to cover the area to prevent recurrence. (drsuvirajain.com)
- If the symptoms do not lessen, particularly if vision is affected, or they return frequently, the pterygium may be removed surgically. (msdmanuals.com)
American Academy of Op1
- According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the pterygium recurrence rate is between 30 and 40 percent, and more likely to occur in people under the age of 40. (lasereyecenter.com)
Plural pterygia1
- Pterygium (plural pterygia or pterygiums) refers to any wing-like triangular membrane occurring in the neck, eyes, knees, elbows, ankles or digits. (wikipedia.org)
Astigmatism1
- During this period, a visual acuity test is done to check the possibilities of astigmatism caused by the invasion of the fleshy pterygium over the corneal surface. (harleyvision.com)
Nasal4
- Pterygia can develop on the nasal and/or temporal limbus and can affect either or both eyes. (medscape.com)
- In a case-control study, 24 tissue specimens from the patients with primary moderate pterygium (cases) and 15 specimens excised from the nasal bulbar region in healthy counterparts (controls) were compared in terms of the count of mast cells (inflammation), as well as the status of Cd31/vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression (angiogenesis) in Tabriz Nikookari and Sina Teaching Hospitals. (scialert.net)
- Human primary nasal pterygia and normal superotemporal bulbar conjunctival tissue of the same eye were collected in the context of conventional excision of pterygium with autotransplantation of conjunctiva. (arvojournals.org)
- Currently the patient has the following consequences: blindness of the left eye, nasal pterygium and symblepharon. (bvsalud.org)
Autograft1
- Starck T, Kenyon KR, Serrano F. Conjunctival autograft for primary and recurrent pterygia: surgical technique and problem management. (medscape.com)
Exact cause of pterygium1
- Although the exact cause of pterygium isn't known, people whose eyes are exposed to certain elements, like pollen, sand, smoke and wind, on a regular basis have a higher risk of developing this condition. (laservision.co.uk)
Help prevent a pterygium2
- Using artificial tears to keep the eyes moist may help prevent a pterygium from becoming inflamed and getting bigger. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wearing sunglasses and a hat with a brim will help prevent a pterygium from returning, if it is removed. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Excision8
- PO286 The Efficacy and Safety of the Oculusgen (ologen) Collagen Matrix Implanted During Surgical Excision of Primary Pterygium. (wikipedia.org)
- P277: Novel Surgical Therapy Using Biodegradable Collagen Matrix for Ocular Surface Reconstruction of Scleral Thinning after Pterygium Excision. (wikipedia.org)
- The visual and cosmetic prognosis following pterygium excision is good. (medscape.com)
- Those patients who develop recurrent pterygia can be retreated with repeat surgical excision and grafting, with conjunctival/limbal autografts or amniotic membrane transplants in selected patients. (medscape.com)
- Surgical excision is the main treatment of pterygium, but the postoperative recurrence rate is high, the appearance of the eye is not ideal, postoperative foreign body feeling has been a difficult problem of clinical treatment. (researchsquare.com)
- At present, there are many surgical methods for pterygium, including simple pterygium excision. (researchsquare.com)
- Pterygium excision combined with autologous conjunctival flap transposition, pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation, pterygium excision combined with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation and so on [12] . (researchsquare.com)
- Uy HS, Reyes JM, Flores JD, Lim-Bon-Siong R. Comparison of fibrin glue and sutures for attaching conjunctival autografts after pterygium excision. (medscape.com)
Recurrent3
- EP-0351: Management of recurrent symblepharon with pterygium using collagen matrix scaffold implant with autologous limbal stem cell graft. (wikipedia.org)
- Management of recurrent pterygium. (medlineplus.gov)
- In severe, multiple recurrent pinguecula or pterygium, mitomycin C eye drops have been reported to prevent recurrence, but it is not part of the standard protocol. (bumrungrad.com)
Recurrence rate2
- The postoperative follow-up period (6 months), the recurrence rate of pterygium was 0.21%.Patients have higher satisfaction with appearance, and have no obvious foreign body sensation, photophobia, tearing and other subjective symptoms. (researchsquare.com)
- Discussion and conclusion Extensive fascial resection combined with autologous limbal stem cell sharing transplantation for the treatment of pterygium, the patient's appearance satisfaction is higher, and the recurrence probability is lower than the average recurrence rate of limbal stem cell transplantation. (researchsquare.com)
Cases of pterygium2
- Unfortunately, some cases of pterygium advance and start to interfere with vision. (lasereyecenter.com)
- I have tried it in some cases of conjunctivitis, but without satis factory results In August, 1891, I prescribe Guarea in the second potency, in two cases of pterygium. (homiyo.com)
Incidence of pterygium3
- The incidence of pterygium within the United States varies with geographical location. (medscape.com)
- Patients older than 40 years have the highest prevalence of pterygia, while patients aged 20-40 years are reported to have the highest incidence of pterygium. (medscape.com)
- A coalition member clinician is evaluating the incidence of pterygium among study participants by conducting eye exams of farmworkers. (cdc.gov)
Pinguecula and pterygium5
- Pinguecula and pterygium. (medlineplus.gov)
- The causes of both pinguecula and pterygium are excessive exposure to UV rays alongside dry eyes and exposure to surrounding environmental factors which can irritate the eyes. (bumrungrad.com)
- Generally, pinguecula and pterygium are able to be diagnosed through a simple visual observation. (bumrungrad.com)
- For both pinguecula and pterygium, if the condition is not too severe, patients may only notice a growth on the eye. (bumrungrad.com)
- The appearances of solar keratosis, pinguecula, and pterygium are presented as part of a continuous spectrum of the same pathological process and aetiology, which may lead to carcinomatous change. (bmj.com)
Pathogenesis of pterygium1
- This study indicates that both inflammation and angiogenesis play pivotal role, in parallel, in pathogenesis of pterygium. (scialert.net)
Inflammation6
- Pterygia are associated with eyelid inflammation, called Blepharitis. (wikipedia.org)
- The simplest and least invasive pterygium treatment is lubricating eye drops, ointments or mild steroid eye drops to reduce inflammation. (lasereyecenter.com)
- However, an enlarged pterygium may cause redness and inflammation. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
- Role of conjunctival inflammation in surgical outcome after amniotic membrane transplantation with or without fibrin glue for pterygium. (medscape.com)
- Exposure to the sun can lead to inflammation of the already inflamed pterygium and worsen the dryness and grittiness symptoms. (harleyvision.com)
- Use of Non-Steroidal-Anti-Inflammatory-Drugs ( NSAIDs), i.e., a group of medications with anti-inflammatory effects minus the side effects of steroids, is highly recommended in pterygium patients for long-term use of reducing the inflammation. (harleyvision.com)
Redness1
- If pterygium worsens and causes redness or irritation, it can be treated with some form of eye drops. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Surfer's eye3
- Surfer's eye" is a slang term for an eye growth called pterygium. (lasereyecenter.com)
- Since surfers are frequently exposed to these elements, pterygium developed the nickname "surfer's eye. (lasereyecenter.com)
- Pterygium is also known as surfer's eye because of its common occurrence in surfers. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Primary Pterygium3
- The purpose of the study was to study the regulatory mechanisms mediated by miRNAs and their importance in human primary pterygium. (arvojournals.org)
- 0.05, false discovery rate 20%) distinguished primary pterygium from normal conjunctival tissue. (arvojournals.org)
- This study is the first to identify a combined miRNA and mRNA gene expression profile of human primary pterygium, which may contribute to the understanding of pterygium pathogenesis. (arvojournals.org)
Tissue6
- A pterygium is a noncancerous growth that starts in the clear, thin tissue ( conjunctiva ) of the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
- Pterygium is a non-malignant, slow-growing conjunctival fibrous vascular tissue of the conjunctiva. (researchsquare.com)
- The loose connective tissue under the epithelium contains a large number of fibroblasts and abundant capillaries, which indicates that the pterygium epithelial cells have a strong ability to proliferate and migrate. (researchsquare.com)
- Individuals with pterygium have a growth of pink, fleshy tissue on the white of the eye. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
- Pterygia are nourished by tiny capillaries that supply blood to the tissue. (visioneyes.co.za)
- A pterygium (pronounced tur-IJ-ee-um) is a raised, triangular-shaped growth of tissue on the surface of the eye. (sightlinelaser.com)
Corneal surface1
- A pterygium is an elevated, superficial, external ocular mass that usually forms over the perilimbal conjunctiva and extends onto the corneal surface. (medscape.com)
Irritation1
- Pterygium is noncancerous but may cause eye irritation, discoloration, and excessive tearing. (lasereyecenter.com)
Prevalence3
- Saw SM, Tan D. Pterygium: prevalence, demography and risk factors. (medscape.com)
- Aims To determine prevalence of pterygium, its role as main cause of unilateral and bilateral visual impairment and blindness and its impact on refractive errors from adults living in a high ultraviolet exposure area in the Brazilian Amazon Region. (bmj.com)
- Prevalence of pterygium as cause of visual impairment and blindness was 14.3% and 3.9%, respectively. (bmj.com)
Growths1
- Limited exposure to the factors that lead to these growths may help prevent pterygium from reoccurring or growing bigger. (sightlinelaser.com)
Fibrin2
- A Cochrane Review including 14 studies and last updated October 2016, found that using fibrin glue when doing conjunctival autografting was associated with a reduced likelihood of the pterygium recurring compared with sutures. (wikipedia.org)
- Jain AK, Bansal R, Sukhija J. Human amniotic membrane transplantation with fibrin glue in management of primary pterygia: a new tuck-in technique. (medscape.com)
Interferes with vision1
- In some rare cases, a pterygium will continue growing until it covers the pupil of the eye and interferes with vision. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Autologous limbal stem1
- Introduction To observe the short-term and long-term effects of extensive fascial resection combined with autologous limbal stem cell sharing transplantation for pterygium. (researchsquare.com)
Unguis1
- Pterygium unguis is a condition that causes scarring that extends to the nail matrix. (healthline.com)
Noncancerous growth1
- Pterygium (tur-IJ-ee-um) is a noncancerous growth on the conjunctiva (the outer white layer of the eye). (eyewestvision.com)
Growth3
- Though the exact reason is not known, it is postulated by researchers and scientists that pterygium occurs due to hyperplasticity or excess growth of the limbal epithelial cells along with vascularization or formation of blood vessels over it that gives it its pink appearance. (harleyvision.com)
- Pterygium is a raised, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva. (visioneyes.co.za)
- Growth of a pterygium can be slowed with protection from sunlight, such as when wearing sufficiently protective sunglasses (with UV blocking) and/or a hat. (msdmanuals.com)
Ocular2
- Patients who are at high risk of the development of pterygium because of a positive family history of pterygia or because of extended exposure to ultraviolet irradiation need to be educated in the use of ultraviolet-blocking glasses and other means of reducing ocular exposure to ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)
- Pterygium is a common ocular lesion whose exact etiology is a point of contention. (scialert.net)
Exposure5
- Patients with pterygium should reduce exposure to ultraviolet light whenever possible. (medscape.com)
- Threlfall TJ, English DR. Sun exposure and pterygium of the eye: a dose-response curve. (medscape.com)
- It is believed that pterygium is caused by ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, as well as excessive exposure to wind and dirt. (lasereyecenter.com)
- Although the cause is unclear, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light definitely plays a role in a pterygium forming. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
- Since pterygia are most commonly caused by sun exposure, protecting the eyes from sun, dust and wind is recommended. (visioneyes.co.za)
Patients2
- It is uncommon for patients to present with pterygium prior to age 20 years. (medscape.com)
- Unfortunately, the chance of recurrence is high for pinguecula or pterygium, especially in younger patients or patients who overexpose themselves to UV light. (bumrungrad.com)
Autosomal8
- When Do Symptoms of Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome Begin? (nih.gov)
- Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome (AD-PPS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by webbing of the skin between the back of the knee and the ankle (popliteal pterygium), as well as other physical abnormalities. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
- What are the symptoms of Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome? (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
- Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome (ADPPS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TBX4 gene. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
- The treatments for Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome (ADPPS) vary depending on the severity of the condition. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
- 4. Gender: Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome is more common in males than females. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
- Is there a cure/medications for Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome? (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
- At this time, there is no cure for Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
Nail plate1
- The cuticle pusher smoothly removes the toughest cuticles without damaging the nail plate and the pterygium remover gives precise cuticle maintenance. (kupainc.com)
Blindness1
- Conclusions Pterygium was highly prevalent and the second cause of visual impairment and blindness after provision of refractive correction. (bmj.com)
Mild1
- If symptoms are mild, pterygium usually doesn't require treatment. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Affects1
- Pterygium (pronounced tur-IJ-ee-um) is a common eye condition that affects people who spend a lot of time outdoors. (blueridgesurgerycentersc.com)
Graft1
- The technique involves removing the lesion from the eye and glueing a small graft in place to cover the area, allowing for quick healing and a reduced chance of the pterygium re-growing. (laservision.co.uk)
Membrane1
- Pterygium grows on the conjunctiva, which is the clear mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids. (lasereyecenter.com)
Patient's1
- This pterygium has progressed over the visual (pupillary) axis and is affecting the patient's vision. (eyecancer.com)
Refractive1
- Significantly higher hyperopic refractive errors were found in eyes with pterygium ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin. (bmj.com)
Slit2
Grows1
- A pterygium of the eye grows very slowly. (wikipedia.org)
Limbus1
- This begins usually when the pterygium is greater than 2mm from the corneal edge (limbus). (wikipedia.org)
Triangular1
- Pterygium is a triangular extension of the transparent layer of the eye over the white part of your eye called conjunctiva. (drsuvirajain.com)
Surgical treatment2
- Most pterygia cause no problems and do not need surgical treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- After surgical treatment of pterygium, there will still be a small number of mutant epithelial stem cells remaining. (researchsquare.com)
Syndrome2
- Multiple pterygium syndrome, Escobar type is characterized by webbing of skin (pterygium) and a lack of muscle movement (akinesia) that occur before birth. (nih.gov)
- Individuals with multiple pterygium syndrome, Escobar type may also develop a restriction of the joints, known as arthrogryposis, a sideways curve of the spine (scoliosis), and distinctive facial features. (nih.gov)
Exam1
- The team at Laser Eye Center ™ can diagnose pterygium during a simple eye exam and review the available treatment options. (lasereyecenter.com)
Dryness2
- The aim is to check the level of irregularities and dryness caused due to the pterygium. (harleyvision.com)
- Pterygium often leads to uneven distribution of the tear film over the eye resulting in dryness and grittiness sensation of the eyes. (harleyvision.com)
Collagen1
- The pathophysiology of pterygium is characterized by elastotic degeneration of collagen and fibrovascular proliferation, with an overlying covering of epithelium. (medscape.com)
Pupillary1
- Older age and rural residence were associated with pterygium ≥3 mm reaching or not pupillary margin, while higher education was a protective factor for pterygium ≥3 mm reaching pupillary margin. (bmj.com)
Gene3
- Our recent report indicated that tumor suppressor gene ( p53 ) mutations and protein aberrant expression were detected in pterygium. (molvis.org)
- In this report, we analyzed p53 protein expression and gene mutation in pterygium in comparison with HPV 16/18 infection and E6 oncoprotein expression in pterygium tissues to understand whether the HPV infection was involved in pterygium pathogenesis. (molvis.org)
- The mutation in the TBX4 gene causes the skin to become thickened and fused together in the back of the knee, forming a web-like structure called a pterygium. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
Occur1
- Pterygium is reported to occur in males twice as frequently as in females. (medscape.com)
Treatment7
- Treatment of pinguecula or pterygium depends on their severity. (bumrungrad.com)
- For minor cases, treatment involves eye drops or ointment, however, in more serious cases, treatment may require surgical expertise to treat the pterygium. (laservision.co.uk)
- Kamel S. The Pterygium: its etiology and treatment. (medscape.com)
- Before you look for pterygium treatment in London, it is important to first arrive at a conclusive diagnosis about the pterygium. (harleyvision.com)
- Irrespective of the clinic you visit for pterygium treatment in London, there are usually three treatment modalities for pterygium. (harleyvision.com)
- In most cases, treatment for a pterygium is not needed. (sightlinelaser.com)
- To relieve symptoms caused by a pterygium, doctors may prescribe artificial tears or a short period of treatment with corticosteroid drops or ointments. (msdmanuals.com)