Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders resulting from abnormalities or deficiencies of coagulation proteins.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Airway closure, atelectasis and gas exchange during general anaesthesia. (1/295)

Airway closure and the formation of atelectasis have been proposed as important contributors to impairment of gas exchange during general anaesthesia. We have elucidated the relationships between each of these two mechanisms and gas exchange. We studied 35 adults with healthy lungs, undergoing elective surgery. Airway closure was measured using the foreign gas bolus technique, atelectasis was estimated by analysis of computed x-ray tomography, and ventilation-perfusion distribution (VA/Q) was assessed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique. The difference between closing volume and expiratory reserve volume (CV-ERV) increased from the awake to the anaesthetized state. Linear correlations were found between atelectasis and shunt (r = 0.68, P < 0.001), and between CV-ERV and the amount of perfusion to poorly ventilated lung units ("low Va/Q", r = 0.57, P = 0.001). Taken together, the amount of atelectasis and airway closure may explain 75% of the deterioration in PaO2. There was no significant correlation between CV-ERV and atelectasis. We conclude that in anaesthetized adults with healthy lungs, undergoing mechanical ventilation, both airway closure and atelectasis contributed to impairment of gas exchange. Atelectasis and airway closure do not seem to be closely related.  (+info)

Kinetics of absorption atelectasis during anesthesia: a mathematical model. (2/295)

Recent computed tomography studies show that inspired gas composition affects the development of anesthesia-related atelectasis. This suggests that gas absorption plays an important role in the genesis of the atelectasis. A mathematical model was developed that combined models of gas exchange from an ideal lung compartment, peripheral gas exchange, and gas uptake from a closed collapsible cavity. It was assumed that, initially, the lung functioned as an ideal lung compartment but that, with induction of anesthesia, the airways to dependent areas of lung closed and these areas of lung behaved as a closed collapsible cavity. The main parameter of interest was the time the unventilated area of lung took to collapse; the effects of preoxygenation and of different inspired gas mixtures during anesthesia were examined. Preoxygenation increased the rate of gas uptake from the unventilated area of lung and was the most important determinant of the time to collapse. Increasing the inspired O2 fraction during anesthesia reduced the time to collapse. Which inert gas (N2 or N2O) was breathed during anesthesia had minimal effect on the time to collapse.  (+info)

'Alveolar recruitment strategy' improves arterial oxygenation during general anaesthesia. (3/295)

Abnormalities in gas exchange during general anaesthesia are caused partly by atelectasis. Inspiratory pressures of approximately 40 cm H2O are required to fully re-expand healthy but collapsed alveoli. However, without PEEP these re-expanded alveoli tend to collapse again. We hypothesized that an initial increase in pressure would open collapsed alveoli; if this inspiratory recruitment is combined with sufficient end-expiratory pressure, alveoli will remain open during general anaesthesia. We tested the effect of an 'alveolar recruitment strategy' on arterial oxygenation and lung mechanics in a prospective, controlled study of 30 ASA II or III patients aged more than 60 yr allocated to one of three groups. Group ZEEP received no PEEP. The second group received an initial control period without PEEP, and then PEEP 5 cm H2O was applied. The third group received an increase in PEEP and tidal volumes until a PEEP of 15 cm H2O and a tidal volume of 18 ml kg-1 or a peak inspiratory pressure of 40 cm H2O was reached. PEEP 5 cm H2O was then maintained. There was a significant increase in median PaO2 values obtained at baseline (20.4 kPa) and those obtained after the recruitment manoeuvre (24.4 kPa) at 40 min. This latter value was also significantly higher than PaO2 measured in the PEEP (16.2 kPa) and ZEEP (18.7 kPa) groups. Application of PEEP also had a significant effect on oxygenation; no such intra-group difference was observed in the ZEEP group. No complications occurred. We conclude that during general anaesthesia, the alveolar recruitment strategy was an efficient way to improve arterial oxygenation.  (+info)

Dynamics of re-expansion of atelectasis during general anaesthesia. (4/295)

A major cause of impaired gas exchange during general anaesthesia is atelectasis, causing pulmonary shunt. A 'vital capacity' (VC) manoeuvre (i.e. inflation of the lungs up to 40 cm H2O, maintained for 15 s) may re-expand atelectasis and improve oxygenation. However, such a manoeuvre may cause adverse cardiovascular effects. Reducing the time of maximal inflation may improve the margin of safety. The aim of this study was to analyse the change over time in the amount of atelectasis during a VC manoeuvre in 12 anaesthetized adults with healthy lungs. I.v. anaesthesia with controlled mechanical ventilation (VT 9 (SD 1) ml kg-1) was used. For the VC manoeuvre, the lungs were inflated up to an airway pressure (Paw) of 40 cm H2O. This pressure was maintained for 26 s. Atelectasis was assessed by analysis of computed x-ray tomography. The amount of atelectasis, measured at the base of the lungs, was 4.0 (SD 2.7) cm2 after induction of anaesthesia. The decrease in the amount of atelectasis over time during the VC manoeuvre was described by a negative exponential function with a time constant of 2.6 s. At an inspired oxygen concentration of 40%, PaO2 increased from 17.2 (4.0) kPa before to 22.2 (6.0) kPa (P = 0.013) after the VC manoeuvre. Thus in anaesthetized adults undergoing mechanical ventilation with healthy lungs, inflation of the lungs to a Paw of 40 cm H2O, maintained for 7-8 s only, may re-expand all previously collapsed lung tissue, as detected by lung computed tomography, and improve oxygenation. We conclude that the previously proposed time for a VC manoeuvre may be halved in such subjects.  (+info)

Comparable postoperative pulmonary atelectasis in patients given 30% or 80% oxygen during and 2 hours after colon resection. (5/295)

BACKGROUND: High concentrations of inspired oxygen are associated with pulmonary atelectasis but also provide recognized advantages. Consequently, the appropriate inspired oxygen concentration for general surgical use remains controversial. The authors tested the hypothesis that atelectasis and pulmonary dysfunction on the first postoperative day are comparable in patients given 30% or 80% perioperative oxygen. METHODS: Thirty patients aged 18-65 yr were anesthetized with isoflurane and randomly assigned to 30% or 80% oxygen during and for 2 h after colon resection. Chest radiographs and pulmonary function tests (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume) were obtained preoperatively and on the first postoperative day. Arterial blood gas measurements were obtained intraoperatively, after 2 h of recovery, and on the first postoperative day. Computed tomography scans of the chest were also obtained on the first postoperative day. RESULTS: Postoperative pulmonary mechanical function was significantly reduced compared with preoperative values, but there was no difference between the groups at either time. Arterial gas partial pressures and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference were also comparable in the two groups. All preoperative chest radiographs were normal. Postoperative radiographs showed atelectasis in 36% of the patients in the 30%-oxygen group and in 44% of those in the 80%-oxygen group. Relatively small amounts of pulmonary atelectasis (expressed as a percentage of total lung volume) were observed on the computed tomography scans, and the percentages (mean +/- SD) did not differ significantly in the patients given 30% oxygen (2.5% +/- 3.2%) or 80% oxygen (3.0% +/- 1.8%). These data provided a 99% chance of detecting a 2% difference in atelectasis volume at an alpha level of 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Lung volumes, the incidence and severity of atelectasis, and alveolar gas exchange were comparable in patients given 30% and 80% perioperative oxygen. The authors conclude that administration of 80% oxygen in the perioperative period does not worsen lung function. Therefore, patients who may benefit from generous oxygen partial pressures should not be denied supplemental perioperative oxygen for fear of causing atelectasis.  (+info)

Positive end-expiratory pressure improves respiratory function in obese but not in normal subjects during anesthesia and paralysis. (6/295)

BACKGROUND: Morbidly obese patients, during anesthesia and paralysis, experience more severe impairment of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange than normal subjects. The authors hypothesized that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) induces different responses in normal subjects (n = 9; body mass index < 25 kg/m2) versus obese patients (n = 9; body mass index > 40 kg/m2). METHODS: The authors measured lung volumes (helium technique), the elastances of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall, the pressure-volume curves (occlusion technique and esophageal balloon), and the intraabdominal pressure (intrabladder catheter) at PEEP 0 and 10 cm H2O in paralyzed, anesthetized postoperative patients in the intensive care unit or operating room after abdominal surgery. RESULTS: At PEEP 0 cm H2O, obese patients had lower lung volume (0.59 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.15 +/- 0.58 l [mean +/- SD], P < 0.01); higher elastances of the respiratory system (26.8 +/- 4.2 vs. 16.4 +/- 3.6 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01), lung (17.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 10.3 +/- 3.2 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01), and chest wall (9.4 +/- 3.0 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.4 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01); and higher intraabdominal pressure (18.8 +/-7.8 vs. 9.0 +/- 2.4 cm H2O, P < 0.01) than normal subjects. The arterial oxygen tension was significantly lower (110 +/- 30 vs. 218 +/- 47 mmHg, P < 0.01; inspired oxygen fraction = 50%), and the arterial carbon dioxide tension significantly higher (37.8 +/- 6.8 vs. 28.4 +/- 3.1, P < 0.01) in obese patients compared with normal subjects. Increasing PEEP to 10 cm H2O significantly reduced elastances of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall in obese patients but not in normal subjects. The pressure-volume curves were shifted upward and to the left in obese patients but were unchanged in normal subjects. The oxygenation increased with PEEP in obese patients (from 110 +/-30 to 130 +/- 28 mmHg, P < 0.01) but was unchanged in normal subjects. The oxygenation changes were significantly correlated with alveolar recruitment (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: During anesthesia and paralysis, PEEP improves respiratory function in morbidly obese patients but not in normal subjects.  (+info)

Reverse mismatched ventilation-perfusion pulmonary imaging with accumulation of technetium-99m-DTPA in a mucous plug in a main bronchus: a case report. (7/295)

The phenomenon of reverse mismatched ventilation-perfusion on pulmonary scintigraphy is a fairly common occurrence. We present a patient who was experiencing decreasing oxygen saturation and had a reverse mismatched ventilation-perfusion imaging pattern associated with radiotracer retention in a main bronchus. Technetium-99m-DTPA aerosol lung imaging showed tracer retention in the trachea and right main bronchus, absent ventilation in the right lung, and normal ventilation in the left lung. Technetium-99m-MAA perfusion lung images showed normal perfusion of the left lung and some perfusion in the right lung. These findings represented a reverse ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Reverse mismatched ventilation-perfusion, or totally absent ventilation with preservation of some perfusion in the right lung, resulted in functional intrapulmonary shunting, which explained the decreasing oxygen saturation observed in this patient. A concurrent portable chest radiograph showed elevation of the right hemidiaphragm, a shift of the mediastinum to the right, deviation of the endotracheal tube, narrowing of the intercostal space of the right thorax, and collapse of the right lower lobe. The radiographic findings of underventilation of the right lung with atelectasis of the right lower lobe were due to mucous plugging the right main bronchus.  (+info)

Targeted disruption of NDST-1 gene leads to pulmonary hypoplasia and neonatal respiratory distress in mice. (8/295)

In order to address the biological function of GlcNAc N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (NDST-1), we disrupted the NDST-1 gene by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. The NDST-1 null mice developed respiratory distress and atelectasis that subsequently caused neonatal death. Morphological examination revealed type II pneumocyte immaturity, which was characterized by an increased glycogen content and a reduced number of lamellar bodies and microvilli. Biochemical analysis further indicated that both total phospholipids and disaturated phosphatidylcholine were reduced in the mutant lung. Our data revealed that NDST-1 was essential for the maturation of type II pneumocytes and its inactivation led to a neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.  (+info)

Pulmonary atelectasis is a medical condition characterized by the collapse or closure of the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in the lungs, leading to reduced or absent gas exchange in the affected area. This results in decreased lung volume and can cause hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood). Atelectasis can be caused by various factors such as obstruction of the airways, surfactant deficiency, pneumothorax, or compression from outside the lung. It can also occur after surgical procedures, particularly when the patient is lying in one position for a long time. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, and chest discomfort, but sometimes it may not cause any symptoms, especially if only a small area of the lung is affected. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, or even surgery in severe cases.

Coagulation protein disorders are a group of medical conditions that affect the body's ability to form blood clots properly. These disorders can be caused by genetic defects or acquired factors, such as liver disease or vitamin K deficiency.

The coagulation system is a complex process that involves various proteins called clotting factors. When there is an injury to a blood vessel, these clotting factors work together in a specific order to form a clot and prevent excessive bleeding. In coagulation protein disorders, one or more of these clotting factors are missing or not functioning properly, leading to abnormal bleeding or clotting.

There are several types of coagulation protein disorders, including:

1. Hemophilia: This is a genetic disorder that affects the clotting factor VIII or IX. People with hemophilia may experience prolonged bleeding after injuries, surgery, or dental work.
2. Von Willebrand disease: This is another genetic disorder that affects the von Willebrand factor, a protein that helps platelets stick together and form a clot. People with this condition may have nosebleeds, easy bruising, and excessive bleeding during menstruation or after surgery.
3. Factor XI deficiency: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the clotting factor XI. People with this condition may experience prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma.
4. Factor VII deficiency: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the clotting factor VII. People with this condition may have nosebleeds, easy bruising, and excessive bleeding during menstruation or after surgery.
5. Acquired coagulation protein disorders: These are conditions that develop due to other medical factors, such as liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or the use of certain medications. These disorders can affect one or more clotting factors and may cause abnormal bleeding or clotting.

Treatment for coagulation protein disorders depends on the specific condition and severity of symptoms. In some cases, replacement therapy with the missing clotting factor may be necessary to prevent excessive bleeding. Other treatments may include medications to control bleeding, such as desmopressin or antifibrinolytic agents, and lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of injury and bleeding.

A lung is a pair of spongy, elastic organs in the chest that work together to enable breathing. They are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and are covered by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles, leading to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs.

Factors also associated with the development of atelectasis include: age, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or ... microatelectasis and contraction atelectasis. Relaxation atelectasis (also called passive atelectasis) is when a pleural ... Post-surgical atelectasis will be bibasal in pattern. Chest CT or bronchoscopy may be necessary if the cause of atelectasis is ... "Types and mechanisms of pulmonary atelectasis." Journal of thoracic imaging 11.2 (1996): 92-108. White, Gary C. (2002). Basic ...
Without pulmonary surfactant, atelectasis is a certainty. The severe condition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is ... Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare lung disorder of small stone formation in the alveoli. A pulmonary contusion is a ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pulmonary alveoli. Pulmonary+Alveoli at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical ... A pulmonary alveolus (PL: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity"), also known as an air sac or air space, is one of ...
... prevents atelectasis (the collapse of the alveoli of the lungs) and rids the respiratory system of secretions ... Pulmonary hygiene, formerly referred to as pulmonary toilet, is a set of methods used to clear mucus and secretions from the ... pulmonary toilet pulmonary physiotherapy. Galvis AG, Reyes G, Nelson WB (1994). "Bedside management of lung collapse in ... pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema with congestive heart failure and an open or healing wound in the area where chest ...
To increase pulmonary compliance. To prevent atelectasis (collapse of the alveoli or atriums) at the end of expiration. To ... As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in ... Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins ... Pulmonary surfactant thus greatly reduces surface tension, increasing compliance allowing the lung to inflate much more easily ...
Atelectasis Congestive heart failure Pulmonary embolism Usually initial therapy is empirical. If sufficient reason to suspect ...
Pulmonary haemorrhage, pleural effusions, atelectasis, and intrapulmonary shunts also contribute to respiratory difficulty. In ... Pulmonary edema and pulmonary infections are commonly seen in patients with ALF. Mechanical ventilation may be required. ... Pulmonary complications occur in up to 50% of patients. Severe lung injury and hypoxemia result in high mortality. Most cases ... Pulmonary artery catheterization should be considered. Hypotension should be treated preferentially with fluids, but systemic ...
Atelectasis: mild to moderate fever, no changes or mild rales on chest auscultation. Management: pulmonary exercises, ... "Atelectasis". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 7 July 2021. "Urinary Tract Infection". Centers for Disease ... and atelectasis. Due to the risks following Caesarean section, it is recommended that all women receive a preventive dose of ... atelectasis and surgical incisions, among others. Antibiotics have been used to prevent and treat these infections-however, the ...
Pulmonary surfactant in atelectasis. Anesthesiology 1964; 25: 676-681. Sutnick, A.I., Soloff, L.A. Pulmonary arterial occlusion ... lung cancer and pulmonary embolism, which are all associated with atelectasis. Between 1958 and 1965, Sutnick conducted ... Sutnick, A.I. Pulmonary surfactant. In: Gordon, B.L., Carleton, R.A., Faber, L.P. (eds.), Clinical Cardiopulmonary Physiology, ... Sutnick established a laboratory for the study of pulmonary surfactant at Temple University School of Medicine. He was the ...
... can cause parts of the lung to consolidate, alveoli to collapse, and atelectasis (partial or total lung ... Lacerations can result in pulmonary hematomas; these are reported to develop in 4-11% of pulmonary contusions. Pulmonary ... Pulmonary contusion and laceration are injuries to the lung tissue. Pulmonary laceration, in which lung tissue is torn or cut, ... Pulmonary ultrasound, performed at the bedside or on the accident scene, is being explored as a diagnosis for pulmonary ...
Atelectasis occur when one or more segments of the lungs collapse or do not inflate properly. Other pulmonary complications ... It is classified as an obstructive lung disease, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The diagnosis is ... Bronchiectasis could be caused by: inhalation of ammonia and other toxic gases, chronic pulmonary aspiration of stomach acid ... Nonetheless, tobacco smoking can worsen pulmonary function and accelerate the progression of disease that is already present. ...
... is indicated for the management of people with cystic fibrosis to improve pulmonary function. Dornase alfa is an ... Hendriks T, de Hoog M, Lequin MH, Devos AS, Merkus PJ (2005). "DNase and atelectasis in non-cystic fibrosis pediatric patients ... Dornase alfa has been shown to improve lung function in non-cystic fibrosis pre-term infants atelectasis. Product guildlink.com ... "Efficacy and safety of nebulized recombinant human DNase as rescue treatment for persistent atelectasis in newborns: case- ...
Pulmonary complications such as atelectasis and pleural effusion are commonplace, and dangerous in patients with underlying ...
Pulmonary infiltrates that resolved after giving mechanical ventilation should point to heart failure and atelectasis rather ... Marik PE (May 2011). "Pulmonary aspiration syndromes". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 17 (3): 148-54. doi:10.1097/MCP. ... and pulmonary emboli. Unlike pneumonia, asthma and COPD typically present with wheezing, pulmonary edema presents with an ... for example occult pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). They can be used to exclude pulmonary embolism and ...
Some of these diseased conditions are, subcutaneous edema, hydrothorax, hydroperitoneum, pulmonary atelectasis, edema of the ... subjected to this contaminated organic dust suffer from lung inflammation and decreased pulmonary function. In addition to lung ...
It has been linked to many disorders such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, atelectasis and pulmonary embolism, adverse ...
This form of exposure leads to lung airway congestion, pulmonary edema and atelectasis caused by damage to the linings of the ... Signs of pulmonary (lung) oxygen toxicity begin with slight irritation in the trachea. A mild cough usually ensues, followed by ... Divers can be at risk from both central nervous system and pulmonary oxygen toxicity, and the risks have been well researched. ... At atmospheric pressure there is no risk of acute oxygen toxicity, but the possibility of pulmonary toxicity exists, and ...
Minor post-operative pulmonary complications include events such as atelectasis, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, and unanticipated ... Examples are deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, the risk of which can be mitigated by certain interventions, such as ... The value of preoperative testing, such as spirometry, to estimate pulmonary risk is of controversial value and is debated in ... However, in the early post-operative period a low-level fever may also result from anaesthetic-related atelectasis, which will ...
Severe deficiency of pulmonary surfactant due to disturbed metabolism of any of these proteins can lead to some form of ... responsible to carry out adsorption of the lipid monolayer at the liquid-air interphase to prevent post expiration atelectasis ... Released pulmonary surfactant acts as a protective layer to prevent alveolar from collapsing due to surface tension. ... Used surfactant phospholipid materials are taken up into epithelial type II cells by pulmonary macrophages. Another important ...
Rounded atelectasis (also known as Blesovsky's or folded lung syndrome) develops from infolding of thickened visceral pleura ... DPT has a significant impact on pulmonary function, causing a decrease in forced vital capacity, reducing total lung capacity ... Batra, P., et al., Rounded atelectasis. Journal of Thoracic Imaging, 1996. 11(3): p. 187-97. [6] Park EK, Sandrini A, Yates DH ... It is defined as diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis secondary to asbestos exposure. It initially affects the lung bases ...
Pulmonary hypoplasia, pneumonia, and atelectasis involving lung lobes Prune belly syndrome can result in distention and ... 77(2):251-7 Alford, Bennett A.; Peoples, W. M.; Resnick, Jack S.; L'Heureux, Philippe R. (November 1978). "Pulmonary ...
... and high altitude pulmonary oedema, among others. He published seven books which included Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Diseases of ... His researches also covered several other diseases such as cerebral malaria, basal tuberculosis, lung atelectasis, ... National Conference on Pulmonary Diseases (NAPCON) has instituted an annual oration, Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest ... SK Jindal; Suhail Raoof; PS Shankar; Dheeraj Gupta (31 January 2011). Textbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Vols 1 ...
It can also be caused by pulmonary atelectasis (partial or complete deflation of one or more lobes of the lungs) as observed in ...
Following abdominal or thoracic surgery to reduce risks of pulmonary complications including atelectasis and pneumonia Patients ... Atelectasis can develop and, if unmanaged, lead to pneumonia and postoperative fever. Pneumonia is a major lung complication ... Because of its role in pulmonary rehabilitation and inspiratory muscle training, this device may theoretically benefit patients ... Incentive spirometers are commonly used after surgery or other illnesses to prevent pulmonary complications. Incentive ...
Type 3 respiratory failure results from lung atelectasis. Because atelectasis occurs so commonly in the perioperative period, ... Ventilation/perfusion ratio Pulmonary shunt Kaynar AM, Sharma S (7 April 2020). Pinsky MR (ed.). "Respiratory Failure". ... Gai L, Tong Y, Yan B (July 2018). "The Effects of Pulmonary Physical Therapy on the Patients with Respiratory Failure". Iranian ... Patients in shock often experience respiratory distress due to pulmonary edema (e.g., in cardiogenic shock). Lactic acidosis ...
... with or without associated atelectasis or consolidation. Chest x-ray showing bilateral hilar adenopathy of primary pulmonary TB ... Pulmonary abnormalities - Pulmonary finding of a non-TB nature, such as a mass, that needs follow-up. Other - Any other finding ... Chest x-ray showing nodule with margins that are indistinct or poorly defined (tree-in-bud sign) in post-primary pulmonary TB. ... Chest x-ray showing coarse reticulonodular densities on the lower right lung of post-primary pulmonary TB. Chest x-ray of ...
... can be heard in patients with pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, acute bronchitis, bronchiectasis, acute ... Crackles that do not clear after a cough may indicate pulmonary edema or fluid in the alveoli due to heart failure, pulmonary ... Pulmonary edema secondary to left-sided congestive heart failure can also cause crackles. René Laennec adopted the existing ... Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy: An Evidence-Based Approach, 3e'. McGraw-Hill; Accessed August 16, 2020 Laennec ...
... such as pulmonary atelectasis, in general surgery. In 2013, a pilot study of prehabilitation in colorectal surgery found that ...
... pulmonary heart disease, and collapsed lung (atelectasis or pneumothorax). In rare cases, cystic fibrosis can manifest itself ... Pulmonary rehabilitation as a management of CF continues throughout a person's life, and is aimed at maximizing organ function ... It is not known if this type of therapy has an impact on pulmonary exacerbations or disease progression. It is not known what ... People with CF tend to have fatigue and dyspnoea due to chronic pulmonary infections, so reducing the amount of energy spent ...
Complications may include the following: Lungs: barotrauma (volutrauma), pulmonary embolism (PE), pulmonary fibrosis, ... Additional common findings in ARDS include partial collapse of the alveoli(atelectasis) and low levels of oxygen in the blood ( ... hypertension pulmonary artery wedge pressure < 18 mmHg (obtained by pulmonary artery catheterization) if no measured LA ... fat emboli and reperfusion pulmonary edema after lung transplantation or pulmonary embolectomy. However, the majority of ...
Most common complications after a pneumonectomy are: Cardiac arrhythmias Pulmonary complications like pneumonia, atelectasis, ... If at all possible, a pulmonary function test (PFT) should be done. It has been found that forced expiratory volume in one ... Cook, D.; Powell, E.; Gao-Smith, F. (2009). "Post-pneumonectomy Pulmonary Edema". In Vincent, Jean-Louis (ed.). Intensive Care ... If someone has severe valvular disease, severe pulmonary hypertension, or poor ventricular function or if cancer has spread ...
Atelectasis refers to collapse of part of the lung. It may include a lung subsegment or the entire lung and is almost always a ... encoded search term (Pulmonary Atelectasis) and Pulmonary Atelectasis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Pulmonary Atelectasis. Updated: Jun 16, 2023 * Author: Nazir A Lone, MD, MBBS, MPH, FACP, FCCP; Chief Editor: Girish D Sharma, ... Pulmonary atelectasis: a pathogenic perioperative entity. Anesthesiology. 2005 Apr. 102 (4):838-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
In a retrospective analysis of 50 patients with segmental or lobar atelectasis of the lung, chest radiographs and CT studies ... Determining the cause of pulmonary atelectasis: a comparison of plain radiography and CT AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988 Apr;150(4): ... This was done to help define the role of CT in evaluating patients with atelectasis. Atelectasis was caused by an obstructing ... The chest radiograph correctly identified an obstructing tumor as the cause of atelectasis in 24 of 27 patients on the basis of ...
Atelectasis - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical Professional ... pulmonary embolism Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the occlusion of pulmonary arteries by thrombi that ... Prevention of Atelectasis People who smoke can decrease their risk of postoperative atelectasis by stopping smoking Smoking ... Symptoms and Signs of Atelectasis Atelectasis itself is asymptomatic unless hypoxemia or pneumonia Overview of Pneumonia ...
... and atelectasis (partial collapse). Learn the symptoms, causes, and treatment. ... Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish ... Atelectasis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) * Pneumothorax (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and ... Article: Computed tomography-guided microwave ablation for right middle lobe pulmonary nodules: a... ...
Normal lung tissue, called pulmonary tissue, contains air, which muffles sounds. However, it is possible for the pulmonary ... Atelectasis: People may refer to this as the collapse of a lung or part of a lung. ... Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is an umbrella term for lung diseases that can restrict airflow in and out ... Pulmonary fibrosis: The hallmarks of this lung disease are damage to and scarring of the lung tissue. ...
Factors also associated with the development of atelectasis include: age, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or ... microatelectasis and contraction atelectasis. Relaxation atelectasis (also called passive atelectasis) is when a pleural ... Post-surgical atelectasis will be bibasal in pattern. Chest CT or bronchoscopy may be necessary if the cause of atelectasis is ... "Types and mechanisms of pulmonary atelectasis." Journal of thoracic imaging 11.2 (1996): 92-108. White, Gary C. (2002). Basic ...
The contributions of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to both homeostasis and pathophysiology are quantitated for atelectasis ... the analytic techniques introduced in the first part are applied to a broad range of pulmonary pathophysiologic conditions. ... Role of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in pulmonary gas exchange and blood flow distribution. 2. Pathophysiology Intensive ... The contributions of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to both homeostasis and pathophysiology are quantitated for atelectasis ...
2 Obstructive atelectasis can be a complication of pulmonary contusion. But the incidence of atelectasis after CPR has not been ... Pulmonary auscultation revealed diminished breath sound on left side. Chest radiographs showed complete atelectasis at upper ... Atelectasis after pulmonary contusion by mucous plugging can increase ventilation-perfusion mismatching and lead to respiratory ... Unilateral Pulmonary Contusion after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Complicated by Delayed Obstructive Atelectasis: A Case ...
จารุวร, เพลินศรี (1979) "การรักษา pulmonary atelectasis ในทารกแรกคลอดด้ว
Rounded atelectasis (folded lung). *Lesions that are similar in appearance to rounded atelectasis (i.e., solitary pulmonary ... Other pulmonary fibrosis. *Left ventricular failure (presents with dyspnea, rales, edema, restriction, and basilar markings on ... Folded atelectasis not only occurs after asbestos exposure but is associated with other exposures and medical conditions. ... In cases that are not clear cut, a referral to a pulmonary specialist for further workup is indicated. ...
Citation: Xu LN, Xu YY, Li GP, Yang B. Individualized risk estimation for postoperative pulmonary complications after ... Xu LN, Xu YY, Li GP, Yang B. Individualized risk estimation for postoperative pulmonary complications after hepatectomy based ... Table 3 Multivariate analysis to screen and assign independent influencing factors of post-hepatectomy pulmonary complications ... Table 2 Univariate analysis of preoperative clinical risk factors related to pulmonary complications of hepatectomy ...
Beyond Ortners Syndrome - Unusual Pulmonary Complications of the Giant Left.... GC Phua, PCT Eng, SL Lim, YL Chua 6 January ...
... intraoperative pulmonary mechanics and the incidence of atelectasis detected on chest x-ray on the first postoperative day. In ... Lung protective mechanical ventilation significantly improved intraoperative pulmonary oxygenation function and pulmonary ... pulmonary mechanics and early postoperative atelectasis in laparoscopic surgeries. In this randomized controlled clinical trial ... There were no differences in the incidence of atelectasis on day one after surgery between the two groups. ...
A clinico-pathological study of atelectasis in pulmonary tuberculosis.﻽. TEMPLE LJ. Thorax.. 1955 September 10 (3):220-8. Epub ... Pulmonary recurrence predominates after combined modality therapy for rectal cancer: an original retrospective study.﻽. Ding P ... A critical examination of the role of surgery in the treatment of primary pulmonary tuberculosis in children.﻽. CAMERON JK, HAY ... The role of pulmonary metastasectomy in soft tissue sarcoma.﻽. Temple LK, Brennan MF ...
Lung atelectasis 29. Pulmonary embolism and thrombembolic disease 30. Chronic pulmonary hypertension 31. Respiratory ... Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 39. Pneumothorax 40. Pleural effusion (signs and symptoms, differential diagnosis, ...
... atelectasis, hemoptysis, hypoventilation, hypoxia, larynx edema, pleurisy, pulmonary embolus, sleep apnea. ...
Instruct patients to breathe deeply and cough to avoid atelectasis. Counsel patients on the effects of smoking and urge them to ... It is useful in low cardiac output states when an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and pulmonary vascular ... 10] or for at least 4 weeks to benefit from improved mucociliary function and some reduction in postoperative pulmonary ... A summary of fasting recommendations to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration includes the ingested material and the minimum ...
collapsed lung (atelectasis). emphysema. fluid build up in chest cavity (pulmonary oedema) ...
... atelectasis and potentially pulmonary insufficiency. Pulmonary hamartomas can impair respiratory function. One report describes ... Some patients may have persistent atelectasis, pneumonia, or symptoms of pulmonary insufficiency. Mental retardation is present ... Pulmonary complications are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in Proteus syndrome patients. ... Cystic pulmonary lesions should be followed closely because they may progress to pneumonia, ...
... atelectasis, hemoptysis, hypoventilation, hypoxia, larynx edema, pleurisy, pulmonary embolus, sleep apnea. Skin and appendages- ...
Patients with severe pulmonary toxicity can develop interstitial fibrosis and residual restrictive pulmonary disease. Other ... and atelectasis. ... Children may be at increased risk for pulmonary toxicity and ... Infrequently, severe pulmonary effects can progress to interstitial fibrosis and residual restrictive pulmonary disease. Other ... Children under 30 months of age are at increased risk for pulmonary toxicity and are more susceptible to death from respiratory ...
... hyperemia and atelectasis.; lung lesions; minimal pulmonary hyaline fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. [2] A: minimal pulmonary ... Particles of these compounds smaller than 2.5 microns are usually deposited deep in the lungs and pulmonary lymph nodes where ... The outstanding signs and symptoms are pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, and blood changes with a fall in red blood count; ... There is human research indicating that inhalation of insoluble uranium dioxide is associated with general damage to pulmonary ...
7] In addition, preexisting nonmalignant lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary ... Numerous pulmonary signs may be associated with NSCLC. Systemic findings may include unexplained weight loss and low-grade ... Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest shows a large left lung and a hilar mass, with invasion of the left pulmonary artery. ... Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 3. 361(10):947-57. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ...
atelectasis * ​mechanism-based *resorptive (obstructive) atelectasis. *passive (relaxation) atelectasis. *compressive ... primary pulmonary hemosiderosis *pulmonary hemosiderosis associated Goodpasture syndrome *pulmonary hemosiderosis associated ... small, ill-defined pulmonary nodules or *coarse reticular areas of increased opacity with a bias for the middle and lower lung ... Pulmonary hemosiderosis (PH) refers to iron deposition within the lung. It can be divided into two main types:. * ...
Pulmonary alveolar spaces were diffusely collapsed as a result of atelectasis. Frozen samples of gastric contents and liver ... In panel A, the thorax is completely filled by blood and there is secondary compressive pulmonary atelectasis. In panel B, the ... In panel A, the thorax is completely filled by blood and there is secondary compressive pulmonary atelectasis. In panel B, the ... In panel A, the thorax is completely filled by blood and there is secondary compressive pulmonary atelectasis. In panel B, the ...

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