A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES.
Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.
A cytokine that promotes differentiation and activation of EOSINOPHILS. It also triggers activated B-LYMPHOCYTES to differentiate into IMMUNOGLOBULIN-secreting cells.
An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.
A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a potent chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS.
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.
Hypersensitivity reaction (ALLERGIC REACTION) to fungus ASPERGILLUS in an individual with long-standing BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. It is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, EOSINOPHILIA, elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, and skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.
Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract eosinophils; they may be complement fragments, lymphokines, neutrophil products, histamine or other; the best known is the tetrapeptide ECF-A, released mainly by mast cells.
An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.
Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.
A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.
Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.
A white threadlike worm which causes elephantiasis, lymphangitis, and chyluria by interfering with the lymphatic circulation. The microfilaria are found in the circulating blood and are carried by mosquitoes.
The type species of PNEUMOVIRUS and an important cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and young children. It frequently presents with bronchitis and bronchopneumonia and is further characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and pallor.
An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).
Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
A species of parasitic nematode causing Malayan filariasis and having a distribution centering roughly on the Malay peninsula. The life cycle of B. malayi is similar to that of WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI, except that in most areas the principal mosquito vectors belong to the genus Mansonia.
Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is very useful in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients.
A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL.
Glycoprotein from Sendai, para-influenza, Newcastle Disease, and other viruses that participates in binding the virus to cell-surface receptors. The HN protein possesses both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity.
Solitary or multiple benign cutaneous nodules comprised of immature and mature vascular structures intermingled with endothelial cells and a varied infiltrate of eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and mast cells.
Inbred BALB/c mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been selectively bred to be genetically identical to each other, making them useful for scientific research and experiments due to their consistent genetic background and predictable responses to various stimuli or treatments.
A cytokine synthesized by T-LYMPHOCYTES that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-LYMPHOCYTES. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses.
Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.
A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs.
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.
Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils.
A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.
Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Inbred C57BL mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been produced by many generations of brother-sister matings, resulting in a high degree of genetic uniformity and homozygosity, making them widely used for biomedical research, including studies on genetics, immunology, cancer, and neuroscience.
A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.
Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.
Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.
A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.
Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens.
Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other respiratory infection may precede evidence of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Proteins found in any species of virus.
The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.
A species of parasitic nematode found in the intestine of dogs. Lesions in the brain, liver, eye, kidney, and lung are caused by migrating larvae. In humans, these larvae do not follow normal patterns and may produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL).
A 66-kDa peroxidase found in EOSINOPHIL granules. Eosinophil peroxidase is a cationic protein with a pI of 10.8 and is comprised of a heavy chain subunit and a light chain subunit. It possesses cytotoxic activity towards BACTERIA and other organisms, which is attributed to its peroxidase activity.

Immunomodulatory role of C10 chemokine in a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. (1/408)

The immunomodulatory role of the chemokine C10 was explored in allergic airway responses during experimental allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The intratracheal delivery of Asperigillus fumigatus Ag into A. fumigatus-sensitized mice resulted in significantly increased levels of C10 within the bronchoalveolar lavage, and these levels peaked at 48 h after A. fumigatus challenge. In addition, C10 levels in BAL samples were greater than 5-fold higher than levels of other chemokines such as monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1, eotaxin, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha. From in vitro studies, it was evident that major pulmonary sources of C10 may have included alveolar macrophages, lung fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Experimental ABPA was associated with severe peribronchial eosinophilia, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and augmented IL-13 and IgE levels. The immunoneutralization of C10 with polyclonal anti-C10 antiserum 2 h before the intratracheal A. fumigatus challenge significantly reduced the airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in this model of ABPA, but had no effect on IL-10 nor IgE levels. Taken together, these data suggest that C10 has a unique role in the progression of experimental ABPA.  (+info)

Long term prevention of allergic lung inflammation in a mouse model of asthma by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. (2/408)

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that is induced by Th2 cytokines and inhibited by Th1 cytokines. Despite a steady increase in the incidence, morbidity, and mortality from asthma, no current treatment can reduce or prevent asthma for a prolonged period. We examined the ability of unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), which are potent inducers of Th1 cytokines, to prevent the inflammatory and physiological manifestations of asthma in mice sensitized to ragweed allergen. Administration of CpG ODN 48 h before allergen challenge increased the ratio of IFN-gamma to IL-4 secreting cells, diminished allergen-induced eosinophil recruitment, and decreased the number of ragweed allergen-specific IgE-producing cells. These effects of CpG ODN were sustained for at least 6 wk after its administration. Furthermore, there was a vigorous Th1 memory response to the recall Ag, inhibition of peribronchial and perivascular lung inflammation, and inhibition of bronchial hyperresponsiveness 6 wk after administration of CpG ODN. Administration of CpG ODN in IFN-gamma -/- mice failed to inhibit eosinophil recruitment, indicating a critical role of IFN-gamma in mediating these effects. This is the first report of a treatment that inhibits allergic lung inflammation in presensitized animals for a prolonged period and thus has relevance to the development of an effective long term treatment for asthma.  (+info)

Pulmonary eosinophilia associated with montelukast. (3/408)

Antileukotriene drugs are new therapeutic agents that have recently been approved for the treatment of asthma. Several cases of eosinophilic conditions including Churg-Strauss syndrome have been reported to be associated with zafirlukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist. So far no other leukotriene modifier has been associated with the syndrome. The case history is presented of a man with allergic rhinitis and asthma who had received intermittent pulse therapy with oral corticosteroids. Pulmonary eosinophilia developed while he was receiving treatment with montelukast, a chemically distinct cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist. After discontinuation of montelukast therapy and administration of systemic corticosteroids the patient's symptoms reversed rapidly and there was prompt resolution of the pulmonary infiltrates. We believe that cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonists are safe and effective drugs for most patients with asthma but caution is needed for those with more severe disease who require systemic corticosteroids, especially if they show characteristics of the atypical allergic diathesis seen in the prodromal phase of Churg-Strauss syndrome.  (+info)

Short ragweed allergen induces eosinophilic lung disease in HLA-DQ transgenic mice. (4/408)

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction of the IgE response to different allergens in humans has been a subject of numerous published studies. However, the role and contribution of specific HLA class II molecules in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation are unknown and difficult to assess. HLA-DQ6 and HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice lacking endogenous mouse class II gene expression were actively immunized and later challenged intranasally with short ragweed (SRW) allergenic extract. The HLA-DQ transgenic mice developed pulmonary eosinophilia and lung tissue damage. We also found an increase in total protein (TP) level and IL-5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and an increase in SRW-specific Th2-type immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2b) and total serum IgE levels. Under similar treatment, DQ-negative full-sib control mice were normal. The allergic response could be significantly inhibited or abrogated in HLA-DQ mice by systemic treatment with anti-DQ mAb. The in vivo responses of HLA-DQ6 and HLA-DQ8 mice showed differences in terms of levels of eosinophilia, BAL protein, IL-5 concentration, and lung hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine. These findings demonstrate the crucial role for specific HLA-DQ molecules in SRW-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation and resulting recruitment of eosinophils into the airways.  (+info)

Eosinophilic pneumonia with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. (5/408)

A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with cough, fever and dysphagia. He had a past history of bronchial asthma and surgery for nasal polyp. Chest radiograph and computed tomography showed atelectasis in the right lower field and infiltrative shadow in the left lower field and overall thickening of the esophageal wall. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens revealed infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes under the bronchial mucosa. Gastrointestinal tract biopsy specimens showed submucosal infiltration of eosinophils. These findings led to a definite diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia associated with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, a disease which has been rarely reported.  (+info)

Montelukast reduces airway eosinophilic inflammation in asthma: a randomized, controlled trial. (6/408)

Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory mediators which may contribute to tissue, sputum, and blood eosinophilia seen in allergic and inflammatory diseases, including asthma. Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonist which improves asthma control; the aim of this study was to investigate its effect on induced sputum eosinophils. Montelukast 10 mg (n=19) or placebo (n=21) were administered orally once in the evening for 4 weeks to 40 chronic adult asthmatic patients, aged 19-64 yrs, in a double-blind, randomized, parallel group study. Patients were included if, at prestudy, they had >5% sputum eosinophils, symptomatic asthma with a forced expiratory volume in one second > or =65% of the predicted value and were being treated only with "as needed" inhaled beta2-agonists. In addition to sputum eosinophils, blood eosinophils and clinical endpoints were also assessed. Four weeks of montelukast treatment decreased sputum eosinophils from 7.5% to 3.9% (3.6% decrease, 95% confidence interval (CI) -16.6-0.4). In contrast, placebo treatment was associated with an increase in sputum eosinophils from 14.5% to 17.9% (3.4% increase, 95% CI -3.5-9.8). The least squares mean difference between groups (-11.3%, 95% CI -21.1-(-1.4)) was significant (p=0.026). Compared with placebo, montelukast significantly reduced blood eosinophils (p=0.009), asthma symptoms (p=0.001) and beta2-agonist use (p<0.001) while significantly increasing morning peak expiratory flow (p=0.001). Montelukast was generally well tolerated in this study, with a safety profile similar to the placebo. These results demonstrate that montelukast decreases airway eosinophilic inflammation in addition to improving clinical parameters. Its efficacy in the treatment of chronic asthma may be due, in part, to the effect on airway inflammation.  (+info)

Repetitive hyperpnoea causes peripheral airway obstruction and eosinophilia. (7/408)

Hyperpnoea of canine peripheral airways with dry air results in airway obstruction, mucosal damage, and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated dry air challenge (DAC) on airway obstruction, reactivity and the development of airway inflammation in dogs. Canine peripheral airways received DAC (delivered under general anaesthesia through a bronchoscope) every 48 h for two weeks. Peripheral airway resistance and reactivity were measured prior to each DAC. After the final DAC, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and soluble mediators from challenged and control airways were measured. Repeated bronchoscopy had no effect on airway mechanics. Repeated DAC produced cumulative increases in peripheral airway resistance and peak obstructive response to DAC. The response to hypocapnia was also increased in airways receiving repeated DAC. However, when the response to agonists was expressed as a change from baseline, consistent significant increases were not observed. Repeated bronchoscopy produced insignificant changes in BALF cells and eicosanoid mediators. Repeated DAC produced marked eosinophilic inflammation and increased prostaglandins D2, E2, and F2alpha, as well as leukotrienes C4-E4. In conclusion, repeated dry air challenge in dogs in vivo causes persistent airway obstruction and inflammation not unlike that found in human asthma.  (+info)

Priming with a secreted form of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) promotes interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 production but not pulmonary eosinophilia following RSV challenge. (8/408)

The attachment (G) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is synthesized as two mature forms: a membrane-anchored form and a smaller secreted form. BALB/c mice scarified with vaccinia virus (VV) expressing the secreted form develop a greater pulmonary eosinophilic influx following RSV challenge than do mice scarified with VV expressing the membrane-anchored form. To determine if a soluble form of an RSV protein was sufficient to induce eosinophilia following RSV challenge, a cDNA that encoded a secreted form of the fusion (F) protein of RSV was constructed and expressed in VV (VV-Ftm(-)). Splenocytes and lung lymphocytes from mice primed with VV-Ftm(-) produced significantly more of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 than did mice vaccinated with VV expressing either the native (membrane-anchored) form of the F protein or the G protein. Although mice scarified with VV-Ftm(-) developed a slight increase in the number of pulmonary eosinophils following RSV infection, the increase was not as great as that seen in VV-G-primed mice. Despite the increased IL-4 and IL-5 production and in contrast to mice primed with VV-G, mice primed with VV-Ftm(-) developed RSV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and maintained high levels of gamma interferon production. These data demonstrate that recombinant VV strains expressing soluble forms of RSV proteins induce immune responses that are more Th2-like. However, this change alone does not appear sufficient to induce vaccine-augmented disease in the face of active CD8(+) CTL populations.  (+info)

Pulmonary eosinophilia is a condition characterized by an increased number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the lungs or pulmonary tissues. Eosinophils play a role in the body's immune response to parasites and allergens, but an overabundance can contribute to inflammation and damage in the lungs.

The condition may be associated with various underlying causes, such as:

1. Asthma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
2. Eosinophilic lung diseases, like eosinophilic pneumonia or idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
3. Parasitic infections, such as ascariasis or strongyloidiasis
4. Drug reactions, including certain antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs
5. Connective tissue disorders, like rheumatoid arthritis or Churg-Strauss syndrome
6. Malignancies, such as lymphoma or leukemia
7. Other less common conditions, like tropical pulmonary eosinophilia or cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Symptoms of pulmonary eosinophilia can vary but often include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest discomfort. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as complete blood count (CBC) with differential, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), or lung biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include corticosteroids, antibiotics, or antiparasitic medications.

Eosinophilia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of eosinophils in the circulating blood. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in fighting off parasitic infections and regulating allergic reactions. However, when their numbers become excessively high, they can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation.

Eosinophilia is typically defined as a count of more than 500 eosinophils per microliter of blood. Mild eosinophilia (up to 1,500 cells/μL) may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during routine blood tests. However, higher levels of eosinophilia can lead to various symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, skin rashes, and organ damage, depending on the underlying cause.

The causes of eosinophilia are varied and can include allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, certain medications, and some types of cancer. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilia require identification and management of the underlying cause.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccines are immunizations designed to protect against the RSV infection, which is a major cause of respiratory tract illnesses in infants and young children worldwide. The virus can also cause serious illness in older adults and people with weakened immune systems.

There are currently no approved RSV vaccines available on the market, although several candidates are in various stages of development and clinical trials. Most of the vaccine candidates are aimed at preventing severe lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV infection in infants and young children.

RSV vaccines typically work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus, which can help prevent infection or reduce the severity of symptoms if infection occurs. Some vaccine candidates use live-attenuated viruses, while others use inactivated viruses or viral proteins to induce an immune response.

While RSV vaccines have shown promise in clinical trials, developing a safe and effective vaccine has proven challenging due to the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD), a rare but serious complication that can occur when certain types of RSV vaccines are given to people who have previously been infected with the virus. Therefore, ongoing research is focused on developing vaccines that can safely and effectively protect against RSV infection while minimizing the risk of VAERD.

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the body's immune response. They are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream, where they can travel to different tissues and organs throughout the body. Eosinophils are characterized by their granules, which contain various proteins and enzymes that are toxic to parasites and can contribute to inflammation.

Eosinophils are typically associated with allergic reactions, asthma, and other inflammatory conditions. They can also be involved in the body's response to certain infections, particularly those caused by parasites such as worms. In some cases, elevated levels of eosinophils in the blood or tissues (a condition called eosinophilia) can indicate an underlying medical condition, such as a parasitic infection, autoimmune disorder, or cancer.

Eosinophils are named for their staining properties - they readily take up eosin dye, which is why they appear pink or red under the microscope. They make up only about 1-6% of circulating white blood cells in healthy individuals, but their numbers can increase significantly in response to certain triggers.

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a type of cytokine, which is a small signaling protein that mediates and regulates immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. IL-5 is primarily produced by activated T cells, especially Th2 cells, as well as mast cells, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).

The primary function of IL-5 is to regulate the growth, differentiation, activation, and survival of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response against parasitic infections. IL-5 also enhances the ability of eosinophils to migrate from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and then into tissues, where they can participate in immune responses.

In addition to its effects on eosinophils, IL-5 has been shown to have a role in the regulation of B cell function, including promoting the survival and differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Dysregulation of IL-5 production and activity has been implicated in several diseases, including asthma, allergies, and certain parasitic infections.

Diethylcarbamazine (DECT or DEC) is an anti-parasitic medication used to treat infections caused by roundworms, including lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and river blindness (onchocerciasis). It works by killing the parasitic worms, thus helping to prevent the progression of these diseases.

Diethylcarbamazine is typically available as a prescription oral medication in the form of tablets or capsules. The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the type and severity of the infection being treated. It's important to note that DEC should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it may have side effects and potential drug interactions.

Medical Citation:
"Diethylcarbamazine." National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database. U.S. National Library of Medicine. . Accessed on April 18, 2023.

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) or bronchial hyperreactivity (BH) is a medical term that refers to the increased sensitivity and exaggerated response of the airways to various stimuli. In people with BHR, the airways narrow (constrict) more than usual in response to certain triggers such as allergens, cold air, exercise, or irritants like smoke or fumes. This narrowing can cause symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

BHR is often associated with asthma and other respiratory conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis. It is typically diagnosed through a series of tests that measure the degree of airway narrowing in response to various stimuli. These tests may include spirometry, methacholine challenge test, or histamine challenge test.

BHR can be managed with medications such as bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, which help to relax the muscles around the airways and reduce inflammation. It is also important to avoid triggers that can exacerbate symptoms and make BHR worse.

Chemokine CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1, is a small chemotactic cytokine that belongs to the CC subfamily of chemokines. Chemokines are a group of proteins that play crucial roles in immunity and inflammation by recruiting immune cells to sites of infection or tissue injury.

CCL11 specifically attracts eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that is involved in allergic reactions and the immune response to parasitic worm infections. It does this by binding to its specific receptor, CCR3, which is expressed on the surface of eosinophils and other cells.

CCL11 is produced by a variety of cells, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells such as macrophages and Th2 lymphocytes. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including asthma, allergies, and certain neurological disorders.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections refer to the clinical illnesses caused by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus. RSV is a highly contagious virus that spreads through respiratory droplets, contact with infected surfaces, or direct contact with infected people. It primarily infects the respiratory tract, causing inflammation and damage to the cells lining the airways.

RSV infections can lead to a range of respiratory illnesses, from mild, cold-like symptoms to more severe conditions such as bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs) and pneumonia (infection of the lung tissue). The severity of the infection tends to depend on factors like age, overall health status, and presence of underlying medical conditions.

In infants and young children, RSV is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia, often resulting in hospitalization. In older adults, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic heart or lung conditions, RSV infections can also be severe and potentially life-threatening.

Symptoms of RSV infection may include runny nose, cough, sneezing, fever, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care, although hospitalization and more aggressive interventions may be necessary in severe cases or for high-risk individuals. Preventive measures such as hand hygiene, wearing masks, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals can help reduce the spread of RSV.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a medical condition characterized by an hypersensitivity reaction to the fungus Aspergillus species, most commonly A. fumigatus. It primarily affects the airways and lung tissue. The immune system overreacts to the presence of the fungus, leading to inflammation and damage in the lungs.

The main symptoms of ABPA include wheezing, coughing, production of thick mucus, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. These symptoms are similar to those seen in asthma and other respiratory conditions. Some people with ABPA may also experience fever, weight loss, and fatigue.

Diagnosis of ABPA typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as chest X-rays or CT scans), and laboratory tests (such as blood tests or sputum cultures) to detect the presence of Aspergillus species and elevated levels of certain antibodies.

Treatment for ABPA usually involves a combination of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and antifungal medications to eradicate the Aspergillus infection. In some cases, immunomodulatory therapies may also be used to help regulate the immune system's response to the fungus.

It is important to note that ABPA can lead to serious complications if left untreated, including bronchiectasis (permanent enlargement of the airways), pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of the lung tissue), and respiratory failure. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing this condition.

A lung is a pair of spongy, elastic organs in the chest that work together to enable breathing. They are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and are covered by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles, leading to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs.

Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. The infection is spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes and can lead to various symptoms depending on the type of filarial worm, including lymphatic dysfunction (elephantiasis), eye damage (onchocerciasis or river blindness), and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. The disease is prevalent in tropical areas with poor sanitation and lack of access to clean water. Preventive measures include wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and sleeping under mosquito nets. Treatment typically involves the use of antiparasitic drugs such as diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin.

Chemotactic factors are substances that attract and guide cells, particularly immune cells, to specific locations in the body. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the immune response, particularly against parasites and in allergic reactions. Therefore, chemotactic factors for eosinophils are substances that attract eosinophils to specific sites in the body.

These factors can be produced by various cells, including mast cells, basophils, and T-lymphocytes, in response to an infection or inflammation. They work by binding to receptors on the surface of eosinophils and activating signaling pathways that cause the eosinophils to migrate towards the source of the chemotactic factor.

Examples of chemotactic factors for eosinophils include:

1. Eotaxins: These are a group of chemokines (a type of signaling protein) that specifically attract eosinophils. They are produced by various cells, including endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and immune cells.
2. Leukotrienes: These are lipid mediators produced by mast cells and basophils in response to an allergic reaction or infection. They can attract eosinophils to the site of inflammation.
3. Platelet-activating factor (PAF): This is a lipid mediator produced by various cells, including endothelial cells and immune cells. It can attract eosinophils and activate them, leading to degranulation and release of their contents.
4. Complement components: The complement system is a group of proteins that play a role in the immune response. Some complement components, such as C3a and C5a, can act as chemotactic factors for eosinophils.

Overall, chemotactic factors for eosinophils play an important role in the immune response by recruiting these cells to sites of infection or inflammation. However, excessive activation of eosinophils and production of chemotactic factors can contribute to the development of various diseases, such as asthma and allergies.

Ovalbumin is the major protein found in egg white, making up about 54-60% of its total protein content. It is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of around 45 kDa and has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Ovalbumin is a single polypeptide chain consisting of 385 amino acids, including four disulfide bridges that contribute to its structure.

Ovalbumin is often used in research as a model antigen for studying immune responses and allergies. In its native form, ovalbumin is not allergenic; however, when it is denatured or degraded into smaller peptides through cooking or digestion, it can become an allergen for some individuals.

In addition to being a food allergen, ovalbumin has been used in various medical and research applications, such as vaccine development, immunological studies, and protein structure-function analysis.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is a type of clinical specimen obtained through a procedure called bronchoalveolar lavage. This procedure involves inserting a bronchoscope into the lungs and instilling a small amount of saline solution into a specific area of the lung, then gently aspirating the fluid back out. The fluid that is recovered is called bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

BAL fluid contains cells and other substances that are present in the lower respiratory tract, including the alveoli (the tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs). By analyzing BAL fluid, doctors can diagnose various lung conditions, such as pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, and lung cancer. They can also monitor the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions by comparing the composition of BAL fluid before and after treatment.

BAL fluid is typically analyzed for its cellular content, including the number and type of white blood cells present, as well as for the presence of bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms. The fluid may also be tested for various proteins, enzymes, and other biomarkers that can provide additional information about lung health and disease.

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (RSV) are a common type of virus that cause respiratory infections, particularly in young children and older adults. They are responsible for inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties and other symptoms associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

The term "syncytial" refers to the ability of these viruses to cause infected cells to merge and form large multinucleated cells called syncytia, which is a characteristic feature of RSV infections. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and it can also survive on surfaces for several hours, making transmission easy.

RSV infections are most common during the winter months and can cause mild to severe symptoms depending on factors such as age, overall health, and underlying medical conditions. While RSV is typically associated with respiratory illnesses in children, it can also cause significant disease in older adults and immunocompromised individuals. Currently, there is no vaccine available for RSV, but antiviral medications and supportive care are used to manage severe infections.

Th2 cells, or T helper 2 cells, are a type of CD4+ T cell that plays a key role in the immune response to parasites and allergens. They produce cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 which promote the activation and proliferation of eosinophils, mast cells, and B cells, leading to the production of antibodies such as IgE. Th2 cells also play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis.

It's important to note that an imbalance in Th1/Th2 response can lead to immune dysregulation and disease states. For example, an overactive Th2 response can lead to allergic reactions while an underactive Th2 response can lead to decreased ability to fight off parasitic infections.

It's also worth noting that there are other subsets of CD4+ T cells such as Th1, Th17, Treg and others, each with their own specific functions and cytokine production profiles.

Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The worms infect the lymphatic system and can lead to chronic swelling of body parts such as the limbs, breasts, and genitals, as well as other symptoms including fever, chills, and skin rashes. Wuchereria bancrofti is a significant public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a highly contagious virus that causes infections in the respiratory system. In humans, it primarily affects the nose, throat, lungs, and bronchioles (the airways leading to the lungs). It is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) in young children, but can also infect older children and adults.

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) belongs to the family Pneumoviridae and is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus. The viral envelope contains two glycoproteins: the G protein, which facilitates attachment to host cells, and the F protein, which mediates fusion of the viral and host cell membranes.

Infection with hRSV typically occurs through direct contact with respiratory droplets from an infected person or contaminated surfaces. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 8 days, after which symptoms such as runny nose, cough, sneezing, fever, and wheezing may appear. In severe cases, particularly in infants, young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems, hRSV can cause pneumonia or bronchiolitis, leading to hospitalization and, in rare cases, death.

Currently, there is no approved vaccine for hRSV; however, passive immunization with palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody, is available for high-risk infants to prevent severe lower respiratory tract disease caused by hRSV. Supportive care and prevention of complications are the mainstays of treatment for hRSV infections.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody that plays a key role in the immune response to parasitic infections and allergies. It is produced by B cells in response to stimulation by antigens, such as pollen, pet dander, or certain foods. Once produced, IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, which are immune cells found in tissues and blood respectively. When an individual with IgE antibodies encounters the allergen again, the cross-linking of IgE molecules bound to the FcεRI receptor triggers the release of mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and various cytokines from these cells. These mediators cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as itching, swelling, and redness. IgE also plays a role in protecting against certain parasitic infections by activating eosinophils, which can kill the parasites.

In summary, Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune response to allergens and parasitic infections, it binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, when an individual with IgE antibodies encounters the allergen again, it triggers the release of mediators from these cells causing the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction in some people. These substances are typically harmless to most people, but for those with allergies, the immune system mistakenly identifies them as threats and overreacts, leading to the release of histamines and other chemicals that cause symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, rashes, hives, and difficulty breathing. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, insect venom, and certain foods or medications. When a person comes into contact with an allergen, they may experience symptoms that range from mild to severe, depending on the individual's sensitivity to the substance and the amount of exposure.

Elephantiasis, filarial is a medical condition characterized by the severe swelling of limbs or other parts of the body due to the blockage of lymphatic vessels by parasitic worms. It is caused by infection with threadlike nematode filarial worms, such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori. These worms are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites.

The blockage of lymphatic vessels leads to the accumulation of lymph fluid in the affected area, causing progressive swelling, thickening, and hardening of the skin and underlying tissues. In advanced cases, the skin may become rough, nodular, and fissured, resembling the hide of an elephant, hence the name "elephantiasis."

The condition is usually chronic and can cause significant disability and social stigma. While there is no cure for filarial elephantiasis, various treatments are available to alleviate symptoms, prevent transmission, and halt the progression of the disease. These include antibiotics to kill the worms, surgery to remove the lymphatic obstruction, and various supportive measures to manage the swelling and prevent secondary infections.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.

The underlying cause of asthma involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors that result in hypersensitivity of the airways to certain triggers, such as allergens, irritants, viruses, exercise, and emotional stress. When these triggers are encountered, the airways constrict due to smooth muscle spasm, swell due to inflammation, and produce excess mucus, leading to the characteristic symptoms of asthma.

Asthma is typically managed with a combination of medications that include bronchodilators to relax the airway muscles, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and leukotriene modifiers or mast cell stabilizers to prevent allergic reactions. Avoiding triggers and monitoring symptoms are also important components of asthma management.

There are several types of asthma, including allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma, and nocturnal asthma, each with its own set of triggers and treatment approaches. Proper diagnosis and management of asthma can help prevent exacerbations, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

'Brugia malayi' is a species of parasitic nematode (roundworm) that can infect humans and cause the tropical disease known as lymphatic filariasis. The adult worms typically reside in the lymphatic vessels, where they can cause inflammation, obstruction, and damage to the lymphatic system.

The life cycle of 'Brugia malayi' involves several stages, including microfilariae (immature worms) that are transmitted to a human host through the bite of an infected mosquito vector. Once inside the human body, the microfilariae migrate to the lymphatic vessels and mature into adult worms over a period of several months.

The symptoms of lymphatic filariasis can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the infection and the individual's immune response. In some cases, the disease can lead to chronic swelling and deformity of the affected limbs or genitalia, a condition known as elephantiasis.

Preventive measures for lymphatic filariasis include avoiding mosquito bites through the use of insect repellent, long-sleeved clothing, and bed nets, as well as mass drug administration programs to eliminate the parasite from affected communities.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a medical procedure in which a small amount of fluid is introduced into a segment of the lung and then gently suctioned back out. The fluid contains cells and other materials that can be analyzed to help diagnose various lung conditions, such as inflammation, infection, or cancer.

The procedure is typically performed during bronchoscopy, which involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end through the nose or mouth and into the lungs. Once the bronchoscope is in place, a small catheter is passed through the bronchoscope and into the desired lung segment. The fluid is then introduced and suctioned back out, and the sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis.

BAL can be helpful in diagnosing various conditions such as pneumonia, interstitial lung diseases, alveolar proteinosis, and some types of cancer. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for certain lung conditions. However, like any medical procedure, it carries some risks, including bleeding, infection, and respiratory distress. Therefore, it is important that the procedure is performed by a qualified healthcare professional in a controlled setting.

Respiratory hypersensitivity, also known as respiratory allergies or hypersensitive pneumonitis, refers to an exaggerated immune response in the lungs to inhaled substances or allergens. This condition occurs when the body's immune system overreacts to harmless particles, leading to inflammation and damage in the airways and alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs.

There are two types of respiratory hypersensitivity: immediate and delayed. Immediate hypersensitivity, also known as type I hypersensitivity, is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and results in symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of exposure to the allergen. Delayed hypersensitivity, also known as type III or type IV hypersensitivity, is mediated by other immune mechanisms and can take several hours to days to develop after exposure to the allergen.

Common causes of respiratory hypersensitivity include mold spores, animal dander, dust mites, pollen, and chemicals found in certain occupations. Symptoms may include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and fatigue. Treatment typically involves avoiding the allergen, if possible, and using medications such as corticosteroids, bronchodilators, or antihistamines to manage symptoms. In severe cases, immunotherapy (allergy shots) may be recommended to help desensitize the immune system to the allergen.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "HN protein" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. HN is an abbreviation commonly used in virology to refer to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein found on the surface of certain viruses, such as the paramyxoviridae family which includes viruses like parainfluenza and Hendra virus.

The HN protein plays a crucial role in the virus's ability to infect host cells. It helps the virus attach to and enter the host cell, and also assists in the release of new virus particles from infected cells. However, without more specific context, it's difficult to provide a more precise definition of "HN protein." If you have more details about the context in which this term was used, I'd be happy to try to provide a more specific answer.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare benign vascular lesion that typically presents as one or multiple papules or nodules, often on the head and neck region. The exact cause of ALHE is unknown, but it has been associated with chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction.

Histologically, ALHE is characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels and lymphoid tissue, with a prominent infiltration of eosinophils. The lesions may also contain other inflammatory cells such as plasma cells, histiocytes, and T-lymphocytes.

Clinically, ALHE presents as red to brownish papules or nodules that can be tender or pruritic (itchy). Lesions typically occur on the head and neck region, particularly around the ears, eyes, and nose. In some cases, lesions may also appear on the trunk, arms, or legs.

While ALHE is a benign condition, it can cause significant cosmetic concerns due to its location. Treatment options include surgical excision, laser therapy, and intralesional corticosteroid injections. Recurrence after treatment is not uncommon. It is important to note that while ALHE may resemble other more serious conditions such as cutaneous lymphoma or angiosarcoma, it has a much more favorable prognosis.

BALB/c is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The strain was developed at the Institute of Cancer Research in London by Henry Baldwin and his colleagues in the 1920s, and it has since become one of the most commonly used inbred strains in the world.

BALB/c mice are characterized by their black coat color, which is determined by a recessive allele at the tyrosinase locus. They are also known for their docile and friendly temperament, making them easy to handle and work with in the laboratory.

One of the key features of BALB/c mice that makes them useful for research is their susceptibility to certain types of tumors and immune responses. For example, they are highly susceptible to developing mammary tumors, which can be induced by chemical carcinogens or viral infection. They also have a strong Th2-biased immune response, which makes them useful models for studying allergic diseases and asthma.

BALB/c mice are also commonly used in studies of genetics, neuroscience, behavior, and infectious diseases. Because they are an inbred strain, they have a uniform genetic background, which makes it easier to control for genetic factors in experiments. Additionally, because they have been bred in the laboratory for many generations, they are highly standardized and reproducible, making them ideal subjects for scientific research.

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response, particularly in the development of allergic inflammation and hypersensitivity reactions. It is primarily produced by activated Th2 cells, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. IL-13 mediates its effects through binding to the IL-13 receptor complex, which consists of the IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα chains.

IL-13 has several functions in the body, including:

* Regulation of IgE production by B cells
* Induction of eosinophil differentiation and activation
* Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages
* Promotion of mucus production and airway hyperresponsiveness in the lungs, contributing to the pathogenesis of asthma.

Dysregulation of IL-13 has been implicated in various diseases, such as allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Therefore, targeting IL-13 with biologic therapies has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of these conditions.

Inactivated vaccines, also known as killed or non-live vaccines, are created by using a version of the virus or bacteria that has been grown in a laboratory and then killed or inactivated with chemicals, heat, or radiation. This process renders the organism unable to cause disease, but still capable of stimulating an immune response when introduced into the body.

Inactivated vaccines are generally considered safer than live attenuated vaccines since they cannot revert back to a virulent form and cause illness. However, they may require multiple doses or booster shots to maintain immunity because the immune response generated by inactivated vaccines is not as robust as that produced by live vaccines. Examples of inactivated vaccines include those for hepatitis A, rabies, and influenza (inactivated flu vaccine).

Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES) is a group of disorders characterized by persistent eosinophilia (an abnormal increase in the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell) leading to organ damage. The eosinophil count in the peripheral blood is typically greater than 1500 cells/μL. HES can affect various organs, including the heart, skin, nervous system, and digestive tract, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, skin rashes, muscle weakness, and abdominal pain. The exact cause of HES is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to abnormal production or activation of eosinophils. Treatment may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and targeted therapies that reduce eosinophil levels.

Hookworm infections are parasitic diseases caused by the ingestion or penetration of hookworm larvae (immature worms) into the human body. The two main species that infect humans are Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale.

The infection typically occurs through skin contact with contaminated soil, often when walking barefoot on dirty ground. The larvae then penetrate the skin, enter the bloodstream, and travel to the lungs where they mature further. They are coughed up and swallowed, eventually reaching the small intestine, where they attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood.

Hookworm infections can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, and fatigue. In severe cases, chronic hookworm infections can lead to serious complications such as protein malnutrition and heart failure. Treatment typically involves the use of anti-parasitic medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, which kill the adult worms and allow the body to expel them. Preventive measures include improving sanitation and hygiene practices, wearing shoes in areas with contaminated soil, and regular deworming of at-risk populations.

Chemokines are a family of small proteins that are involved in immune responses and inflammation. They mediate the chemotaxis (directed migration) of various cells, including leukocytes (white blood cells). Chemokines are classified into four major subfamilies based on the arrangement of conserved cysteine residues near the amino terminus: CXC, CC, C, and CX3C.

CC chemokines, also known as β-chemokines, are characterized by the presence of two adjacent cysteine residues near their N-terminal end. There are 27 known human CC chemokines, including MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and eotaxin.

CC chemokines play important roles in the recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection or injury, as well as in the development and maintenance of immune responses. They bind to specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of target cells, leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell migration, proliferation, and survival.

Dysregulation of CC chemokines and their receptors has been implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in cancer. Therefore, targeting CC chemokine-mediated signaling pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these conditions.

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a type of cytokine, which is a cell signaling molecule that mediates communication between cells in the immune system. Specifically, IL-4 is produced by activated T cells and mast cells, among other cells, and plays an important role in the differentiation and activation of immune cells called Th2 cells.

Th2 cells are involved in the immune response to parasites, as well as in allergic reactions. IL-4 also promotes the growth and survival of B cells, which produce antibodies, and helps to regulate the production of certain types of antibodies. In addition, IL-4 has anti-inflammatory effects and can help to downregulate the immune response in some contexts.

Defects in IL-4 signaling have been implicated in a number of diseases, including asthma, allergies, and certain types of cancer.

"Intraperitoneal injection" is a medical term that refers to the administration of a substance or medication directly into the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs contained within it. This type of injection is typically used in clinical settings for various purposes, such as delivering chemotherapy drugs, anesthetics, or other medications directly to the abdominal organs.

The procedure involves inserting a needle through the abdominal wall and into the peritoneal cavity, taking care to avoid any vital structures such as blood vessels or nerves. Once the needle is properly positioned, the medication can be injected slowly and carefully to ensure even distribution throughout the cavity.

It's important to note that intraperitoneal injections are typically reserved for situations where other routes of administration are not feasible or effective, as they carry a higher risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, or injury to surrounding organs. As with any medical procedure, it should only be performed by trained healthcare professionals under appropriate clinical circumstances.

Cytokines are a broad and diverse category of small signaling proteins that are secreted by various cells, including immune cells, in response to different stimuli. They play crucial roles in regulating the immune response, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and cellular communication.

Cytokines mediate their effects by binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, which triggers intracellular signaling pathways that ultimately result in changes in gene expression, cell behavior, and function. Some key functions of cytokines include:

1. Regulating the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages.
2. Coordinating the inflammatory response by recruiting immune cells to sites of infection or tissue damage and modulating their effector functions.
3. Regulating hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow, by controlling the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
4. Modulating the development and function of the nervous system, including neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration.

Cytokines can be classified into several categories based on their structure, function, or cellular origin. Some common types of cytokines include interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), chemokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), and transforming growth factors (TGFs). Dysregulation of cytokine production and signaling has been implicated in various pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii. It can affect people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplants, or long-term steroid use. The infection typically starts in the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body, including the brain (meningitis), causing various symptoms like cough, fever, chest pain, headache, confusion, and vision problems. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, and the prognosis depends on the patient's immune status and the severity of the infection.

Animal disease models are specialized animals, typically rodents such as mice or rats, that have been genetically engineered or exposed to certain conditions to develop symptoms and physiological changes similar to those seen in human diseases. These models are used in medical research to study the pathophysiology of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, test drug efficacy and safety, and understand disease mechanisms.

The genetic modifications can include knockout or knock-in mutations, transgenic expression of specific genes, or RNA interference techniques. The animals may also be exposed to environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents to induce the disease state.

Examples of animal disease models include:

1. Mouse models of cancer: Genetically engineered mice that develop various types of tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
2. Alzheimer's disease models: Transgenic mice expressing mutant human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which exhibit amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline.
3. Diabetes models: Obese and diabetic mouse strains like the NOD (non-obese diabetic) or db/db mice, used to study the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
4. Cardiovascular disease models: Atherosclerosis-prone mice, such as ApoE-deficient or LDLR-deficient mice, that develop plaque buildup in their arteries when fed a high-fat diet.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease models: Mice with genetic mutations affecting intestinal barrier function and immune response, such as IL-10 knockout or SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop colitis.

Animal disease models are essential tools in preclinical research, but it is important to recognize their limitations. Differences between species can affect the translatability of results from animal studies to human patients. Therefore, researchers must carefully consider the choice of model and interpret findings cautiously when applying them to human diseases.

A "knockout" mouse is a genetically engineered mouse in which one or more genes have been deleted or "knocked out" using molecular biology techniques. This allows researchers to study the function of specific genes and their role in various biological processes, as well as potential associations with human diseases. The mice are generated by introducing targeted DNA modifications into embryonic stem cells, which are then used to create a live animal. Knockout mice have been widely used in biomedical research to investigate gene function, disease mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets.

C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.

The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.

C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.

One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.

Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.

CD4-positive T-lymphocytes, also known as CD4+ T cells or helper T cells, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response. They express the CD4 receptor on their surface and help coordinate the immune system's response to infectious agents such as viruses and bacteria.

CD4+ T cells recognize and bind to specific antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells or macrophages. Once activated, they can differentiate into various subsets of effector cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, each with distinct functions in the immune response.

CD4+ T cells are particularly important in the immune response to HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which targets and destroys these cells, leading to a weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The number of CD4+ T cells is often used as a marker of disease progression in HIV infection, with lower counts indicating more advanced disease.

Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworms Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati, which are found in the intestines of dogs and cats, respectively. Humans become infected through the accidental ingestion of infective eggs from contaminated soil, water, or food. The larvae hatch in the small intestine and migrate to various tissues, including the liver, lungs, eyes, and central nervous system, where they can cause inflammation and damage.

The severity of the infection depends on the number of larvae that have infected the body and the organs involved. Most infections are asymptomatic or mild, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, rash, or abdominal discomfort. However, in severe cases, toxocariasis can lead to serious complications, including blindness (ocular larva migrans) or neurological damage (visceral larva migrans).

Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands after handling soil or pets, and avoiding contact with dog or cat feces. Regular deworming of pets can also help reduce the risk of transmission.

Viral envelope proteins are structural proteins found in the envelope that surrounds many types of viruses. These proteins play a crucial role in the virus's life cycle, including attachment to host cells, fusion with the cell membrane, and entry into the host cell. They are typically made up of glycoproteins and are often responsible for eliciting an immune response in the host organism. The exact structure and function of viral envelope proteins vary between different types of viruses.

CD8-positive T-lymphocytes, also known as CD8+ T cells or cytotoxic T cells, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the adaptive immune system. They are named after the CD8 molecule found on their surface, which is a protein involved in cell signaling and recognition.

CD8+ T cells are primarily responsible for identifying and destroying virus-infected cells or cancerous cells. When activated, they release cytotoxic granules that contain enzymes capable of inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the target cells. They also produce cytokines such as interferon-gamma, which can help coordinate the immune response and activate other immune cells.

CD8+ T cells are generated in the thymus gland and are a type of T cell, which is a lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They recognize and respond to specific antigens presented on the surface of infected or cancerous cells in conjunction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules.

Overall, CD8+ T cells are an essential component of the immune system's defense against viral infections and cancer.

Eosinophilic esophagagitis (EE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder characterized by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. It's typically diagnosed through endoscopic biopsy that reveals more than 15 eosinophils per high power field in the esophagus, despite treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the body's immune response. In EE, these cells accumulate in the esophagus and cause inflammation, leading to symptoms such as difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), food impaction, chest pain, heartburn, and regurgitation.

The disorder is often associated with other atopic conditions, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema. Treatment typically involves a combination of dietary modifications, medications (such as proton pump inhibitors or corticosteroids), and esophageal dilation in cases where there is stricture formation.

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of small- to medium-sized blood vessels (vasculitis) and the presence of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. The syndrome typically affects multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract, peripheral nerves, skin, heart, and kidneys.

The classic triad of symptoms includes asthma, allergies, and peripheral blood eosinophilia (high levels of eosinophils in the blood). Other common features include sinusitis, rhinitis, cough, shortness of breath, skin rashes, neuropathy (nerve damage), and cardiac involvement.

The exact cause of Churg-Strauss syndrome is not well understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response in genetically susceptible individuals. Treatment typically involves the use of immunosuppressive medications to control inflammation and prevent organ damage. Corticosteroids are often used as a first-line therapy, while other agents such as cyclophosphamide or rituximab may be added for more severe cases.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a soluble cytokine that is primarily produced by the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response against viral and intracellular bacterial infections, as well as tumor cells. IFN-γ has several functions, including activating macrophages to enhance their microbicidal activity, increasing the presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of T cells and NK cells, and inducing the production of other cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, IFN-γ has direct antiproliferative effects on certain types of tumor cells and can enhance the cytotoxic activity of immune cells against infected or malignant cells.

Viral proteins are the proteins that are encoded by the viral genome and are essential for the viral life cycle. These proteins can be structural or non-structural and play various roles in the virus's replication, infection, and assembly process. Structural proteins make up the physical structure of the virus, including the capsid (the protein shell that surrounds the viral genome) and any envelope proteins (that may be present on enveloped viruses). Non-structural proteins are involved in the replication of the viral genome and modulation of the host cell environment to favor viral replication. Overall, a thorough understanding of viral proteins is crucial for developing antiviral therapies and vaccines.

A leukocyte count, also known as a white blood cell (WBC) count, is a laboratory test that measures the number of leukocytes in a sample of blood. Leukocytes are a vital part of the body's immune system and help fight infection and inflammation. A high or low leukocyte count may indicate an underlying medical condition, such as an infection, inflammation, or a bone marrow disorder. The normal range for a leukocyte count in adults is typically between 4,500 and 11,000 cells per microliter (mcL) of blood. However, the normal range can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and the individual's age and sex.

"Toxocara canis" is a species of roundworm that primarily infects canids, such as dogs and foxes. The adult worms live in the intestines of the host animal, where they lay eggs that are passed in the feces. These eggs can then mature and become infective to other animals, including humans, if they ingest them.

In humans, infection with "Toxocara canis" can cause a range of symptoms known as toxocariasis, which can include fever, coughing, wheezing, rash, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, the larvae of the worm can migrate to various organs in the body, including the eyes, leading to potentially serious complications.

Preventive measures for "Toxocara canis" infection include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands after handling pets or coming into contact with soil that may contain infected feces, and regular deworming of pets.

Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is an enzyme that is primarily found in the granules of eosinophils, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune response. EPO is involved in the destruction of certain types of parasites and also contributes to the inflammatory response in allergic reactions and other diseases.

EPO catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid, which is a potent oxidizing agent that can kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. EPO also plays a role in the production of other reactive oxygen species, which can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation in certain conditions.

Elevated levels of EPO in tissues or bodily fluids may be indicative of eosinophil activation and degranulation, which can occur in various diseases such as asthma, allergies, parasitic infections, and some types of cancer. Measuring EPO levels can be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of these conditions.

The condition of marked eosinophilia with pulmonary involvement was first termed tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in 1950. The ... Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is a rare syndrome characterised by pulmonary interstitial infiltrates and marked peripheral ... Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE, tropical eosinophilia, or Weingarten's syndrome), is characterized by cough, bronchospasm ... Udwaida F. (1975). "Tropical eosinophilia". In Herzog H (ed.). Pulmonary eosinophilia: progress in respiration research. Basel ...
Asthma Parasitic pneumonia Pneumonia Bain GA, Flower CD (1996). "Pulmonary eosinophilia". European Journal of Radiology. 23 (1 ... Parasitic infections Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia Tuberculosis Fungal infection Sarcoidosis Drug reaction with eosinophilia ... Pulmonary function testing usually reveals a restrictive process with reduced diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. Chronic ...
Azad Khan, AK; Patra, RW; Banu, SA; Rabbee, MF (April 1970). "Spirometry in Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia". British Journal ... "Spirometry in Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia". On 15 December 1971, Rabbee was brutally killed when the Bangladesh Liberation ...
In rare conditions, it also causes tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. No vaccine is commercially available, but high rates of ...
... tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, loiasis, and onchocerciasis; and 3) flukes, i.e. schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, clonorchiasis ... "EOS eosinophilia, familial [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". OMIM Entry - % 131400 - EOSINOPHILIA, FAMILIAL Klion AD, Law ... A parasitic infection of nearly any bodily tissue can cause eosinophilia.[citation needed] Diseases that feature eosinophilia ... Clinical manifestations and tissue destruction related to the eosinophilia in this disorder are uncommon: familial eosinophilia ...
If the cause is unknown, it is specified and called "simple pulmonary eosinophilia". Cardiac damage caused by the damaging ... Eosinophilic pneumonia Parasitic pneumonia Pneumonia Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia "What is Loeffler's Syndrome , Medindia". ... to any form of acute onset pulmonary eosinophilia no matter what the underlying cause. ... is known as Loeffler endocarditis and can be caused by idiopathic eosinophilia or eosinophilia in response to parasitic ...
ISBN 978-0-07-131103-8. James A. Phills; A. John Harrold; Gabriel V. Whiteman; Lewis Perelmutter (1972). "Pulmonary infiltrates ... asthma and eosinophilia due to Ascaris suum infestation in man" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 286 (18): 965-970. doi: ...
He led an expedition to India to study the chronic effects of Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia. While at NYU/Bellevue, Rom ... Irving J. Selikoff and Alvin Teirstein in Pulmonary and Occupational Medicine at Mt. Sinai in New York. He worked as Assistant ... Rom WN, Evans L, Uppal A. The sentinel event of climate change: Hurricane Sandy and its consequences for pulmonary and critical ... He was a Senior Investigator at Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH (1983-1989). William N. ...
... tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis. It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk. While it has ... loiasis and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.The WHO recommends prescribing diethylcarbamazine to people who are infected with ...
ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6. Jha, Suman K.; Karna, Bibek; Mahajan, Kunal (2020), "Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia", StatPearls, ... "Pulmonary Eosinophilia". Retrieved 16 April 2011. "ICD-10 Classification". Retrieved 16 April 2011. Saladin K (2007). Anatomy ...
... pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia. During the chronic phase, pulmonary manifestations include cough, expectoration of ... pulmonary distomiasis, parasitical haemoptysis, and parasitare haemopte. Pulmonary paragonimiasis is the most common clinical ... Extra-pulmonary infection is due to migration of the young worms away from the normal route to the lungs. In such case, any ... Cerebral paragonimias is most severe extra-pulmonary symptoms that affect the brain and leads to seizure, headache, visual ...
... suppresses pulmonary eosinophilia and Th2-type cytokine production in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma". ... FICZ likewise suppressed pulmonary Th2-type cytokine production in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Dynamic ... pulmonary, and neuro-epithelial stem cells. The AHR seems to play important roles in normal embryonic development and ...
Jha, Suman K.; Karna, Bibek; Mahajan, Kunal (2020), "Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): ... Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia Bleeding disorders Hughes-Stovin syndrome and other variants of Behçet's disease Pulmonary ... Acute pulmonary edema". N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (26): 2788-96. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp052699. PMID 16382065. "Endometriosis". The ... MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Pulmonary aspergilloma Google Health - Google "Histoplasmosis Symptoms - Diseases and Conditions - ...
... pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia. The acute stage corresponds to the period of invasion and migration of flukes and ... Extra-pulmonary paragonimiasis is rarely seen in humans, as the worms nearly exclusively migrate to the lungs. Despite this, ... Chronic pulmonary paragonimiasis, the most common clinical pattern, is frequently mild, with chronic cough, brown-tinged sputum ... The symptoms are localized in the pulmonary system, which include a bad cough, bronchitis, and blood in sputum (hemoptysis). ...
Results of eosinophilia and hypoproteinemia may be found in clinical hematology. Severe infections include symptoms such as ... "Visceral larva migrans caused by Trichuris vulpis presenting as a pulmonary mass." Thorax 42 (1987): 990-991. "Whipworms , CAPC ... In the rare cases that T. vulpis infects humans, it can cause visceral larva migrans (VLM) which presents as eosinophilia, ... hepatomegaly, and pulmonary symptoms. More cases of VLM have been documented in children with the diagnosis based on the larger ...
... a transient respiratory illness associated with blood eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltrates with radiographic shadowing. The ... During pulmonary disease, larvae may be found in fluids aspirated from the lungs. White blood cell counts may demonstrate ... Some patients may have pulmonary symptoms or neurological disorders during migration of the larvae. There are generally few or ... A bolus of worms may obstruct the intestine; migrating larvae may cause pneumonitis and eosinophilia. Adult worms have a ...
Tardive dyskinesia Pulmonary eosinophilia Erythema multiforme Stevens-Johnson syndrome Pruritus Urticaria Toxic epidermal ...
... pulmonary eosinophilia and fibrosing alveolitis. Compared to other NSAIDs it is more prone to causing gastrointestinal ...
... with features of the syndrome including peripheral eosinophilia, pulmonary infiltrates, and less commonly neuropathy, sinusitis ...
... pulmonary and systemic eosinophilia, chest pain, lung trauma, sore throat, asthma, hoarse voice, dyspnea (shortness of breath ... as inhalation provides access directly to the pulmonary capillary bed. The delay in absorption after oral ingestion may account ...
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia Chapter 283: Occupational and Environmental Lung ... Pulmonary Hypertension Part 7: Disorders of the Respiratory System Section 1: Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders Chapter 278: ... Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema Chapter 299: Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden Cardiac Death Section 3 ... Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism Chapter 274: Diseases of the Aorta Chapter 275: Arterial Diseases of the ...
... pulmonary eosinophilia MeSH C15.378.553.381 - infectious mononucleosis MeSH C15.378.553.475 - leukocytosis MeSH C15.378.553.475 ... eosinophilia MeSH C15.378.553.231.085 - angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia MeSH C15.378.553.231.335 - eosinophilia- ... pulmonary MeSH C15.604.515.827.865 - uveoparotid fever MeSH C15.604.515.841 - sezary syndrome MeSH C15.604.515.880 - tumor ... angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia MeSH C15.604.515.292.015 - Churg-Strauss syndrome MeSH C15.604.515.435 - heavy ...
... deletion of TBXA2R prevented the development of airways contraction and pulmonary eosinophilia responses to allergen. Another ... For example, TP receptors have been localized in cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, pulmonary and neurological tissues, ...
Accompanying pathological symptoms include pulmonary infiltration, eosinophilia (symptoms of the overabundance of eosinophils ... From there, the larvae then pass through the heart to enter the pulmonary circulation. The larvae then break through the walls ... Löffler, W (1956). "Transient Lung Infiltrations with Blood Eosinophilia". International Archives of Allergy and Applied ... of the pulmonary capillaries to enter the alveoli. The juvenile worms then migrate from the alveoli, through the bronchioles ...
Pulmonary infiltrates, asthma, and eosinophilia due to Ascaris suum infestation in man, The New England Journal of Medicine, ...
Eosinophilia is often prominent but do not occur in all cases of Mansonelliasis. M. perstans can also present with Calabar-like ... Mansonella ozzardi can cause symptoms that include arthralgias, headaches, fever, pulmonary symptoms, adenopathy, hepatomegaly ...
Pulmonary symptoms (including Löffler's syndrome) can occur during pulmonary migration of the filariform larvae. Pulmonary ... Absence of eosinophilia in an infection limited to the gastrointestinal tract may indicate poor prognosis. Eosinophilia is ... Eosinophilia of a gastrointestinal infection may fluctuate in response to larval output, or may be permanently lacking in some ... Hence lack of eosinophilia is not evidence of absence of infection. The combination of clinical suspicion, a positive antibody ...
... with neutrophilic predominance and absence of eosinophilia), transaminases, procalcitonin, and inflammatory markers. Infectious ... such as pulmonary embolism. Other commonly documented hospital diagnoses for cases of severe pulmonary disease associated with ... Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) or e-cigarette, or vaping, ... MCT oil: In vivo mouse exposure of inhaled MCT oil induces acute pulmonary inflammation and toxicity. Vitamin E acetate: On ...
Until recently, peripheral eosinophilia (high eosinophil counts) was considered partly indicative of ABPA. More recent studies ... IgG may not be entirely specific for ABPA, as high levels are also found in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) alongside ... Left untreated, this manifests as progressive bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis that is often seen in the upper lobes, and ... Ultimately, repeated acute episodes lead to wider scale damage of pulmonary structures (parenchyma) and function via ...
Eosinophilia > 10% on complete blood count Mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy Migratory or transient pulmonary opacities on chest ... Pulmonary-renal syndrome. Individuals who are coughing up blood and have kidney involvement are likely to have granulomatosis ...
The condition of marked eosinophilia with pulmonary involvement was first termed tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in 1950. The ... Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is a rare syndrome characterised by pulmonary interstitial infiltrates and marked peripheral ... Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE, tropical eosinophilia, or Weingartens syndrome), is characterized by cough, bronchospasm ... Udwaida F. (1975). "Tropical eosinophilia". In Herzog H (ed.). Pulmonary eosinophilia: progress in respiration research. Basel ...
Pulmonary diseases associated with tissue and/or blood eosinophilia are a heterogeneous group of disorders. Various nosologies ... Asthma can cause pulmonary eosinophilia. Occasionally, eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltrates have been associated with AIDS, ... encoded search term (Pulmonary Eosinophilia) and Pulmonary Eosinophilia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Pulmonary involvement is manifested as wheezing, coughing, pulmonary edema, and pleural effusions. Pulmonary emboli result from ...
Simple pulmonary eosinophilia is inflammation of the lungs from an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. ... Simple pulmonary eosinophilia is inflammation of the lungs from an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. ... Simple pulmonary eosinophilia is inflammation of the lungs from an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. ... A rare complication of simple pulmonary eosinophilia is a severe type of pneumonia called acute idiopathic eosinophilic ...
Pneumonitis and eosinophilia after in vitro fertilization treatment. Annals of emergency medicine 2006 May;47;472-5 2006 May ...
Crofton included Löffler syndrome as one of the 5 categories for conditions that cause pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia. ... Löffler syndrome is a transient respiratory illness associated with blood eosinophilia and radiographic shadowing. In 1952, ... Pulmonary eosinophilia associated to treatment with natalizumab. Ann Thorac Med. 2016 Jul-Sep. 11 (3):224-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link ... Drug-induced pulmonary eosinophilia. Symptoms may start hours after taking the medications or, more commonly, after several ...
CAP Pulmonary Disease and Eosinophilia Lung Nodules Lung Cavities Download CPSolvers App here RLRCPSOLVERS ...
... tropical pulmonary eosinophilia; and loiasis For prophylactic use in persons determined to be at increased risk for Loa loa ... tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis; DEC also has prophylactic benefit for Loa loa infection. DEC has been used ...
Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia, and. *Some medications (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors) [NHLBI ...
Parasitic pulmonary eosinophilia. Chitkara RK, Krishna G. Chitkara RK, et al. Among authors: krishna g. Semin Respir Crit Care ...
... including peripheral blood eosinophilia and severe myalgias. All 3 patients had ingested sleeping aids containing L-tryptophan. ... Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) was first recognized in 1989 in New Mexico in 3 patients who had an illness with a unique ... Pulmonary manifestations of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with tryptophan ingestion. Chest. 1992 May. 101(5): ... Dermatologic Manifestations of Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome * Sections Dermatologic Manifestations of Eosinophilia-Myalgia ...
... characterized by systemic and pulmonary manifestations. Explore its association with other diseases. ... Laboratory revealed blood eosinophilia, high ESR, CRP and LDH. Rheumatologic markers were negative. Chest X-ray showed ground ... Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.. DOI: 10.4236/crcm. ... Symptoms, blood eosinophilia and initial thorax CT findings improved after two months of methylprednisolone treatment. Chronic ...
Filarial infection can also cause tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome. Eosinophilia is a higher than normal level of ... Clinical manifestations of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome include cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. The ... eosinophilia is often accompanied by high levels of Immunoglobulin E ( IgE) and antifilarial antibodies. ...
Physicians should be alert to eosinophilia, vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications and/or ... Physicians should be alert to eosinophilia, vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications and/or ... Systemic eosinophilia, sometimes presenting with clinical features of vasculitis consistent with Churg-Strauss syndrome, has ... Patients with asthma on therapy with montelukast sodium may present with systemic eosinophilia, sometimes presenting with ...
Pulmonary Eosinophilia / etiology * Pulmonary Eosinophilia / immunology* * Pulmonary Eosinophilia / metabolism * Pulmonary ... Airway epithelial SPDEF integrates goblet cell differentiation and pulmonary Th2 inflammation J Clin Invest. 2015 May;125(5): ... SPDEF was required for goblet cell differentiation and pulmonary Th2 inflammation in response to house dust mite (HDM) extract ...
Lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, loiasis treatment. Diphtheria Antitoxin (equine). Diphtheria treatment ...
pulmonary eosinophilia ISO. IL5 (Homo sapiens). 9068941. associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis and protein:increased expression: ... pulmonary eosinophilia ISO. Il5 (Mus musculus). 9068941. RGD. PMID:9712797 and REF_RGD_ID:4890961. ... pulmonary eosinophilia treatment. ISO. Il5 (Mus musculus). 9068941. RGD. PMID:10471622 and REF_RGD_ID:11354935. ... pulmonary eosinophilia ISO. Il5 (Mus musculus). 9068941. associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. RGD. PMID: ...
Respiratory system - Asthma, pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia.. Skin and appendages - Angioedema, sweating, urticaria, ... If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, ... eosinophilia, rash, etc.) or if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen, etodolac tablets should be discontinued. ...
Be alert to eosinophilia, vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, and/or neuropathy ... Beta-Blockers: Beta-adrenergic-receptor blocking agents not only block the pulmonary effect of beta-agonists, such as ProAir ...
Rare adverse effects: gram-negative infections, pulmonary eosinophilia, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis. Doxycycline. *. Adults: ... Rare adverse effects: C. difficile colitis, erythema multiforme, hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, pulmonary ... Common adverse effects: diarrhea, elevated platelet levels, eosinophilia, induration at injection site ...
Specific IgE and pulmonary eosinophilia were also measured. Concentration-dependent responses to TMA were observed: provocation ...
Pulmonary eosinophilia. *Renal papillary necrosis, nephrotic syndrome, albuminuria, hypoproteinemia without proteinuria. *Drug ... Cerebrovascular accidents, pulmonary disorders, peripheral neuropathy, myocardial infarction. *Hepatic failure/exacerbation of ... pulmonary edema, fat embolism, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in premature infants, thromboembolism, syncope, ...
Pulmonary manifestations of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with tryptophan ingestion.. Chest ... Both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary factors predict the development of disability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.. ... Pulmonary function and the risk of functional limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.. American journal of ... Comparison of cardiac and pulmonary-specific quality-of-life measures in pulmonary arterial hypertension.. The European ...
Physicians should be alert to eosinophilia, vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, and/or ...
Pulmonary eosinophilia associated to treatment with natalizumab Curto, Elena; Munteis-Olivas, Elvira; Balcells Vilarnau, Eva, ...
Rhonchi may be present in patients with Pulmonary tropical eosinophilia syndrome.. Preparing blood smears ...
key words: cholesterol embolism, cognitive impairment, pulmonary hemorrhage, vasculitis, eosinophilia (Received: 17-Feb-15) ... A case of cholesterol embolization syndrome with cognitive impairment and pulmonary hemorrhage. Masayuki Moriya, M.D., Ph.D.1)2 ... Cholesterol embolization should be considered when we see a patient with brain lesions accompanied with eosinophilia. Full Text ... His autopsy revealed severe pulmonary hemorrhage with alveolar vasculitis and cholesterol crystals in the brain, kidneys, liver ...
Be alert to eosinophilia, vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, and/or neuropathy ... Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agents: Beta-blockers not only block the pulmonary effect of beta-agonists, such as ...
Pulmonary Eosinophilia ... View other providers who treat Chronic Pulmonary Heart Diseases ... She specializes in Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Disease. ... View other providers who treat Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary ... Daphne Macbruce, MD holds board certification in Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Disease. ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) among other conditions at varying frequencies. Their office is not accepting new ...
... peripheral blood eosinophilia, hemoptysis, and sometimes asymptomatic pulmonary consolidation. Other features include immediate ... can cause pulmonary aspergillomas (fungus balls) (6,52), which are conglomerations of Aspergillus spp. hyphae matted together ... Obstructive pulmonary diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and COPD, might predispose persons to airway colonization with ... Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is an indolent condition observed in persons with underlying lung disease (53). ...
Benralizumab for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sputum eosinophilia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled ... Lung-function trajectories leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 111-122. ... Effects of benralizumab on airway eosinophils in asthmatic patients with sputum eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132 ... Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 985-993. ...
  • Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is a rare syndrome characterised by pulmonary interstitial infiltrates and marked peripheral eosinophilia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe drug hypersensitivity reaction, notable for skin rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and involvement of various tissues, such as hepatitis, pneumonitis, or myositis. (medscape.com)
  • Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) was first recognized in 1989 in New Mexico in 3 patients who had an illness with a unique array of symptoms, including peripheral blood eosinophilia and severe myalgias. (medscape.com)
  • Also see the Medscape Drugs & Diseases article Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome . (medscape.com)
  • Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) is an illness characterized by pruritus, cutaneous lesions, edema, sclerodermoid changes, and joint pain, in addition to dramatic myalgia and eosinophilia. (medscape.com)
  • Filarial infection can also cause tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical manifestations of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome include cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. (cdc.gov)
  • Systemic eosinophilia, sometimes presenting with clinical features of vasculitis consistent with Churg-Strauss syndrome, has been reported. (nih.gov)
  • Rhonchi may be present in patients with Pulmonary tropical eosinophilia syndrome. (wikidoc.org)
  • Lupus-like syndrome associated with pulmonary reaction to nitrofurantoin has been reported. (druglib.com)
  • Little information is available regarding the prevalence and incidence of eosinophilic reactions to drugs or as a secondary histologic manifestation of pulmonary infection, parasitic infection (eg, Löffler syndrome, simple eosinophilic pneumonia), or neoplasia or as a component of Churg-Strauss syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome is thought to represent a hypersensitivity reaction to microfilaria elaborated by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi . (medscape.com)
  • Martínez-Cabot A, Messeguer A. Generation of quinoneimine intermediates in the bioactivation of 3-(N-phenylamino)alanine (PAA) by human liver microsomes: a potential link between eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and toxic oil syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Post-epidemic eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with L-tryptophan. (medscape.com)
  • A heretofore undisclosed crux of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: compromised histamine degradation. (medscape.com)
  • Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome: further correlations between compromised histamine degradation, eosinophilias and myopathies. (medscape.com)
  • AHR activation by tryptophan--pathogenic hallmark of Th17-mediated inflammation in eosinophilic fasciitis, eosinophilia-myalgia-syndrome and toxic oil syndrome? (medscape.com)
  • Swygert LA, Back EE, Auerbach SB, Sewell LE, Falk H. Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: mortality data from the US national surveillance system. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonary manifestations of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with tryptophan ingestion. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonary disease associated with L-tryptophan-induced eosinophilic myalgia syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • De Schryver-Kecskemeti K, Bennert KW, Cooper GS, Yang P. Gastrointestinal involvement in L-tryptophan (L-Trp) associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). (medscape.com)
  • Hepburn A, Coady A, Livingstone J, Pandit N. Eosinophilic cholecystitis as a possible late manifestation of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway in patients with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • L-tryptophan-induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Risk factors for developing eosinophilia myalgia syndrome among L-tryptophan users in New York. (medscape.com)
  • Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in patients ingesting a single source of L-tryptophan. (medscape.com)
  • a syndrome of fleeting pulmonary findings and peripheral blood eosinophilia, is another eosinophilic pulmonary disease. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Pulmonary opacities on chest imaging associated with blood eosinophilia are sometimes called PIE (pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia) syndrome. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Given the patient's history of recurrent sinusitis, asthma, eosinophilia, and coronary aneurysms, we diagnosed eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis ( Churg-Strauss syndrome , CSS) and cardiac involvement, and recommended high-dose corticosteroid treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Asthma may manifest with marked eosinophilia, with or without infiltrates. (medscape.com)
  • Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent chronic airway diseases that have a high personal and social impact. (ersjournals.com)
  • Tofacitinib, as a JAK3 inhibitor, represents a potential therapy for treatment of allergic conditions associated with airway eosinophilia including asthma and rhinitis. (lclabs.com)
  • Simple pulmonary eosinophilia is inflammation of the lungs from an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A rare complication of simple pulmonary eosinophilia is a severe type of pneumonia called acute idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • What is the required treatment for an individual with simple pulmonary eosinophilia? (consultant360.com)
  • Eosinophilia is a higher than normal level of disease-fighting white blood cells, called eosinophils. (cdc.gov)
  • In pathology, eosinophilic pneumonia refers to a histologic pattern of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates that contain prominent numbers of eosinophils . (medscape.com)
  • Eosinophilic pulmonary diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in alveolar spaces, the interstitium, or both. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The condition of marked eosinophilia with pulmonary involvement was first termed tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in 1950. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lung biopsy is not part of the routine diagnostic workup of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. (wikipedia.org)
  • No universal treatment guidelines have been established for tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some syndromes, such as tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), interstitial fibrosis may result from chronic inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Distinguishing the histologic pattern of eosinophilic pneumonia from clinical syndromes that also contain the term eosinophilic pneumonia (eg, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, simple eosinophilic pneumonia, acute eosinophilic pneumonia) is important. (medscape.com)
  • His autopsy revealed severe pulmonary hemorrhage with alveolar vasculitis and cholesterol crystals in the brain, kidneys, liver, and the other organs. (neurology-jp.org)
  • It was possible that cholesterol embolization to multiple organs including the brain induced systemic vasculitis that caused pulmonary hemorrhage and his critical prognosis. (neurology-jp.org)
  • Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a systemic small- and medium-vessel necrotizing vasculitis, characterized by extravascular granulomas, eosinophilia, and tissue infiltration. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltrates have been reported in patients with AIDS, lymphoma, a variety of inflammatory lung diseases, and collagen vascular diseases (see Etiology ). (medscape.com)
  • Symptoms, blood eosinophilia and initial thorax CT findings improved after two months of methylprednisolone treatment. (scirp.org)
  • however, upon their withdrawal, the symptoms and esophageal eosinophilia recurred. (curehunter.com)
  • After discontinuation of montelukast therapy and administration of systemic corticosteroids the patient's symptoms reversed rapidly and there was prompt resolution of the pulmonary infiltrates. (lookformedical.com)
  • Result(s): After the noted interventions, there was a marked improvement of clinical symptoms, chest radiograph findings, and eosinophilia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is largely neutrophilic, but 20-40% of induced sputum samples from individuals with stable COPD have eosinophilic airway inflammation, associated with elevated levels of sputum interleukin (IL)-5. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Macbruce has experience treating conditions like Respiratory Failure, Pleural Effusion and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) among other conditions at varying frequencies. (sharecare.com)
  • The most common pulmonary complication is pulmonary hypertension from chronic embolization of ova. (medscape.com)
  • Other less common chronic manifestations involve the pulmonary, cardiac, and gastrointestinal systems. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare disease characterized by systemic and pulmonary manifestations. (scirp.org)
  • Gaensler, E.A. and Carrington, C.B. (1977) Peripheral opacities in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: The photographic negative of pulmonary edema. (scirp.org)
  • Chronic Pulmonary Heart Diseases (incl. (sharecare.com)
  • Agent Orange Exposure and Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Among U.S. Veterans. (ucsf.edu)
  • From "traction bronchiectasis" to honeycombing in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a spectrum of bronchiolar remodeling also in radiology? (google.it)
  • Features and outcome of familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (google.it)
  • Aberrant expansion of KRT5+ basal cells in the distal lung accompanies progressive alveolar epithelial cell loss and tissue remodelling during fibrogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). (bvsalud.org)
  • 2000) Peripheral blood eosinophilia in association with sarcoidosis. (scirp.org)
  • A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multifocal pulmonary opacities with surrounding ground-glass changes, as well as hepatic and splenic lesions. (cdc.gov)
  • Pulmonary diseases associated with tissue and/or blood eosinophilia are a heterogeneous group of disorders. (medscape.com)
  • 2.5 the centre of this region experiencing DDS events that eosinophilia ( 8 ) and tissue injury ( 9 ). (who.int)
  • A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. (lookformedical.com)
  • In approximately a third of patients, the presentation may mimic pulmonary infection 6 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • High-resolution CT of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary infection in immunocompetent, non-HIV-positive patients. (google.it)
  • My projects investigate the mechanisms that cause enhanced disease and pulmonary eosinophilia upon RSV infection of vaccinated hosts. (uiowa.edu)
  • Differential role of gamma interferon in inhibiting pulmonary eosinophilia and exacerbating systemic disease in fusion protein-immunized mice undergoing challenge infection with respiratory syncytial virus. (uiowa.edu)
  • Cholesterol embolization should be considered when we see a patient with brain lesions accompanied with eosinophilia. (neurology-jp.org)
  • panels A, B). The pulmonary and hepatic lesions were 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose–avid on positive emission tomography scan. (cdc.gov)
  • Intrinsic pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes are generally idiopathic in nature. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes are rare, and the exact incidence and prevalence are unknown. (medscape.com)
  • SPDEF was required for goblet cell differentiation and pulmonary Th2 inflammation in response to house dust mite (HDM) extract, as both were decreased in neonatal and adult Spdef(-/-) mice compared with control animals. (nih.gov)
  • In clinical trials of nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals, the most frequent laboratory adverse events (1 to 5%), without regard to drug relationship, were as follows: eosinophilia, increased AST (SGOT), increased ALT (SGPT), decreased hemoglobin, increased serum phosphorus. (druglib.com)
  • Occupational Exposures in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease. (ucsf.edu)
  • Alcian Blue and Pyronine Y histochemical stains permit assessment of multiple parameters in pulmonary disease models. (uiowa.edu)
  • Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from POLYARTERITIS NODOSA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Patients with drug-induced pulmonary eosinophilia commonly have crackles on physical examination. (medscape.com)
  • Saint-Pierre MD, Moran-Mendoza O. Acetaminophen Use: An Unusual Cause of Drug-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia. (medscape.com)
  • Prediction of drug-induced eosinophilia adverse effect by using SVM and naïve Bayesian approaches. (medscape.com)
  • Rare case of occupational pulmonary hemorrhage in a firefighter. (ucsf.edu)
  • Pneumonitis and eosinophilia after in vitro fertilization treatment. (pneumotox.com)
  • Eosinophilia may often be seen in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. (medscape.com)
  • pulmonary histiocytosis X or Langerhans cell granulomatosis). (medscape.com)
  • JAK3 plays an important role in pulmonary eosinophilia in the allergic mouse model. (lclabs.com)
  • Migrating parasites traversing the lungs may cause bronchospasm, dyspnea, and pulmonary infiltrates. (medscape.com)
  • The reported prevalence of pulmonary toxicity in patients receiving amiodarone is ~10% (range 2-18%) 8 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • This and other factors-for example, eosinophil-apoptosis impairment through high levels of soluble CD95-might account for the persistent eosinophilia in active CSS. (medscape.com)