Sebaceous Gland Diseases
Sebaceous Glands
Salivary Gland Diseases
Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
Sebum
Meibomian Glands
Lacrimal Apparatus
Sialadenitis
Eyelid Diseases
Submandibular Gland Diseases
Acne Vulgaris
Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous
Hair Follicle
Sjogren's Syndrome
Apocrine Glands
Epidermis
Salivary Glands
Expression, candidate gene, and population studies of the melanocortin 5 receptor. (1/8)
In mouse the melanocortin 5 receptor is known to regulate sebaceous gland function. To clarify its role in man, we have studied melanocortin 5 receptor expression in skin, and allelic variation at the melanocortin 5 receptor locus in diverse human populations and candidate disease groups. Melanocortin 5 receptor protein and mRNA expression were studied by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Melanocortin 5 receptor mRNA was detected in normal skin and cultured keratinocytes but not in cultured fibroblasts or melanocytes. Immunohistochemistry revealed melanocortin 5 receptor immunoreactivity in the epithelium and appendages, including the sebaceous gland, eccrine glands, and apocrine glands, as well as low level expression in the interfollciular epidermis. In order to screen for genetic diversity in the melanocortin 5 receptor that might be useful for allelic association studies we sequenced the entire melanocortin 5 receptor coding region in a range of human populations. One nonsynonymous change (Phe209Leu) and four synonymous changes (Ala81Ala, Asp108Asp, Ser125Ser, and Thr248Thr) were identified. Similar results were found in each of the populations except for the Inuit in which only the Asp108Asp variant was seen. The apparent "global distribution" of melanocortin 5 receptor variants may indicate that they are old in evolutionary terms. Variation of melanocortin 5 receptor was examined in patients with acne (n = 21), hidradenitis supprativa (n = 4), and sebaceous gland lesions comprising sebaceous nevi, adenomas, and hyperplasia (n = 13). No additional mutations were found. In order to determine the functional status of the Phe209Leu change, increase in cAMP in response to stimulation with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone was measured in HEK-293 cells transfected with either wild-type or the Phe209Leu variant. The variant melanocortin 5 receptor was shown to act in a concentration-dependent manner, which did not differ from that of wild type. We have therefore found no evidence of a causative role for melanocortin 5 receptor in sebaceous gland dysfunction, and in the absence of any association between variation at the locus and disease group, the pathophysiologic role of the melanocortin 5 receptor in man requires further study. (+info)Sebaceous adenitis in a 7-year-old Arabian gelding. (2/8)
A 7-year-old Arabian gelding was presented with a 9-month history of progressive patches of nonpruritic scaling, crusting, alopecia, and leukoderma of the periocular areas and muzzle, becoming generalized over time. Sebaceous adenitis was diagnosed on histopathologic examination. Lesions resolved without treatment, coinciding with regression of a sarcoid on the neck. (+info)BRAF mutations in multiple sebaceous hyperplasias of patients belonging to MYH-associated polyposis pedigrees. (3/8)
The characteristics of sebaceous gland hyperplasia (SGH) consist of yellowish or skin-colored papules and nodules. Chronic sun exposure and immunosuppressed conditions are the main environmental risk factors, whereas chronological aging regulated by hormones and molecular changes are the intrinsic risk factors. We have evaluated the contribution of BRAF, K-Ras, and N-Ras mutations to the pathogenesis of SGHs in four patients belonging to three MYH-associated polyposis (MAP) pedigrees. MAP is an autosomal-recessive disease characterized by multiple colorectal adenomas and cancer. Immunohistochemistry of mismatch repair and APC proteins was performed. DNA isolated from blood lymphocytes and formalin-fixed or paraffin-embedded SGHs was PCR amplified and sequenced. In the SGH patients, we detected T1796A heterozygous substitution (V600E) in the BRAF gene. Compound biallelic germline MYH mutations (Y165C/G382D, R168H/379delC, and Y90X/delGGA464) were detected in the MAP patients. In contrast to the majority of melanocytic lesions, activating hotspot mutations in BRAF have not been involved so far in the pathogenesis of SGH. BRAF mutation is not a specific marker of melanocytic cancerogenesis, and it can also be involved in SGHs. In both melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin tumors, BRAF mutation is linked to early tumorigenesis events. (+info)Sebaceous adenitis in Swedish dogs, a retrospective study of 104 cases. (4/8)
(+info)An odd looking lesion. (5/8)
Mark, 54 years of age, has a nontender lump on his praecordium that has been present 'for a long time'. He vaguely recalls a smaller lump at the same site years ago, which he squeezed, with subsequent resolution. Mark denies any bleeding, however, he has noticed occasional yellowish-brown stains on his shirt. (+info)Sebaceous hyperplasia: a pilot study to correlate this skin disease with circulating androgen levels. (6/8)
(+info)Characterization of lipases from Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from human facial sebaceous skin. (7/8)
Two staphylococcal lipases were obtained from Staphylococcus epidermidis S2 and Staphylococcus aureus S11 isolated from sebaceous areas on the skin of the human face. The molecular mass of both enzymes was estimated to be 45 kDa by SDS-PAGE. S2 lipase displayed its highest activity in the hydrolysis of olive oil at 32 degrees C and pH 8, whereas S11 lipase showed optimal activity at 31 degrees C and pH 8.5. The S2 lipase showed the property of cold-adaptation, with activation energy of 6.52 kcal/mol. In contrast, S11 lipase's activation energy, at 21 kcal/mol, was more characteristic of mesophilic lipases. S2 lipase was stable up to 45 degrees C and within the pH range from 5 to 9, whereas S11 lipase was stable up to 50 degrees C and from pH 6 to 10. Both enzymes had high activity against tributyrin, waste soybean oil, and fish oil. Sequence analysis of the S2 lipase gene showed an open reading frame of 2,067 bp encoding a signal peptide (35 aa), a pro-peptide (267 aa), and a mature enzyme (386 aa); the S11 lipase gene, at 2,076 bp, also encoded a signal peptide (37 aa), pro-peptide (255 aa), and mature enzyme (399 aa). The two enzymes maintained amino acid sequence identity of 98-99% with other similar staphylococcal lipases. Their microbial origins and biochemical properties may make these staphylococcal lipases isolated from facial sebaceous skin suitable for use as catalysts in the cosmetic, medicinal, food, or detergent industries. (+info)Appraisal of transverse nasal groove: a study. (8/8)
(+info)Sebaceous gland diseases refer to conditions that affect the sebaceous glands, which are small glands in the skin that produce an oily substance called sebum. Sebum helps keep the skin and hair moisturized. Sebaceous gland diseases can cause a variety of symptoms, including skin inflammation, redness, pain, and the formation of bumps or cysts.
Some common types of sebaceous gland diseases include:
1. Acne: A common skin condition that occurs when the hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples.
2. Seborrheic dermatitis: A skin condition that causes red, itchy, and flaky skin, often on the scalp, face, or chest.
3. Rosacea: A chronic skin condition that causes redness, pimples, and visible blood vessels on the face.
4. Sebaceous hyperplasia: A benign growth of the sebaceous glands that appears as a small, yellowish bump on the skin.
5. Sebaceous adenitis: A rare inflammatory disease that affects the sebaceous glands, causing hair loss and scaly skin.
6. Sebaceous carcinoma: A rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that develops in the sebaceous glands.
Treatment for sebaceous gland diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatments may include topical or oral medications, light therapy, or surgical removal of affected tissue. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Sebaceous glands are microscopic, exocrine glands that are found in the dermis of mammalian skin. They are attached to hair follicles and produce an oily substance called sebum, which is composed of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and metabolites of fat-producing cells (fatty acids, cholesterol). Sebum is released through a duct onto the surface of the skin, where it forms a protective barrier that helps to prevent water loss, keeps the skin and hair moisturized, and has antibacterial properties.
Sebaceous glands are distributed throughout the body, but they are most numerous on the face, scalp, and upper trunk. They can also be found in other areas of the body such as the eyelids (where they are known as meibomian glands), the external ear canal, and the genital area.
Abnormalities in sebaceous gland function can lead to various skin conditions, including acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and certain types of skin cancer.
Salivary gland diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the function and structure of the salivary glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the mouth and throat. The major salivary glands include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
There are several types of salivary gland diseases, including:
1. Salivary Gland Infections: These are usually caused by bacteria or viruses that infect the gland, ducts, or surrounding tissues. The most common infection is called sialadenitis, which can cause pain, swelling, redness, and difficulty swallowing.
2. Salivary Gland Stones (Sialolithiasis): These are small, hard deposits that form in the ducts of the salivary glands, causing blockages and leading to swelling, pain, and infection.
3. Salivary Gland Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can develop in the salivary glands. Benign tumors are usually slow-growing and cause localized swelling, while malignant tumors may be more aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
4. Salivary Gland Dysfunction: This refers to conditions that affect the production or flow of saliva, such as Sjogren's syndrome, radiation therapy, dehydration, or certain medications.
5. Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like Sjogren's syndrome, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis can affect the salivary glands and cause inflammation, dry mouth, and other symptoms.
6. Salivary Gland Trauma: Injuries to the face or neck can damage the salivary glands and lead to swelling, bleeding, or decreased function.
Proper diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland diseases require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, often involving imaging studies, laboratory tests, and biopsies. Treatment options may include antibiotics, surgery, radiation therapy, or changes in medication or lifestyle.
Sebaceous gland neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sebaceous glands, which are small oil-producing glands found in the skin. These glands are responsible for producing sebum, a natural oil that helps keep the skin and hair moisturized. Sebaceous gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign sebaceous gland neoplasms include:
* Seborrheic keratosis: These are common, harmless growths that appear as rough, scaly patches on the skin. They can be tan, brown, or black in color and vary in size from small to large.
* Sebaceous adenoma: This is a benign tumor that arises from the sebaceous glands. It typically appears as a small, yellowish bump on the skin.
Malignant sebaceous gland neoplasms include:
* Sebaceous carcinoma: This is a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer that arises from the sebaceous glands. It often appears as a hard, painless nodule on the eyelid or other areas of the face and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
* Basal cell carcinoma: While not exclusively a sebaceous gland neoplasm, basal cell carcinomas can sometimes arise from the sebaceous glands. These are slow-growing but invasive skin cancers that typically appear as pearly or flesh-colored bumps on the skin.
It is important to have any new or changing growths on the skin evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine whether they are benign or malignant and to develop an appropriate treatment plan if necessary.
Sebum is an oily, waxy substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin of mammals. It is composed mainly of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and free fatty acids, as well as smaller amounts of metabolites and other substances. Sebum plays an important role in the maintenance of the skin's barrier function and in the regulation of its moisture levels. It also has antimicrobial properties that help to protect the skin from infection. Excessive sebum production can contribute to the development of acne and other skin conditions.
Sweat gland diseases are medical conditions that affect the functioning or structure of sweat glands, leading to excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), lack of sweating (anhydrosis), or abnormal sweating (e.g., foul-smelling sweat). There are two main types of sweat glands in humans: eccrine glands, which produce a watery sweat that helps regulate body temperature, and apocrine glands, which are located in the armpits and groin and produce a thicker, milky sweat that can mix with bacteria on the skin and cause body odor.
Some examples of sweat gland diseases include:
1. Hidradenitis suppurativa: A chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the apocrine glands, leading to the formation of abscesses, nodules, and sinus tracts.
2. Primary focal hyperhidrosis: A condition that causes excessive sweating in specific areas of the body, such as the armpits, hands, feet, or face, without any underlying medical cause.
3. Secondary generalized hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating that affects the entire body and is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as diabetes, thyroid disease, or obesity.
4. Cystic adenoma of the axilla: A benign tumor that arises from the apocrine glands in the armpit.
5. Eccrine nevus: A rare congenital condition characterized by an increased number of eccrine glands in a localized area of the skin, leading to excessive sweating.
6. Fox-Fordyce disease: A chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the apocrine glands, causing itchy papules and pustules in the armpits and groin.
7. Pachyonychia congenita: A rare genetic disorder characterized by thickened nails, palmoplantar keratoderma, and abnormalities of the eccrine glands, leading to excessive sweating and odor production.
Dacryocystitis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the lacrimal sac, which is a small sac-like structure located in the inner corner of the eye near the nose. The lacrimal sac is responsible for draining tears from the eye into the nasal cavity.
Dacryocystitis can occur as a result of an infection or obstruction in the tear drainage system, leading to the accumulation of tears and other debris in the lacrimal sac. This can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and tenderness in the affected area, as well as discharge from the eye or nose.
In some cases, dacryocystitis may be treated with antibiotics to clear up any infection. In more severe cases, surgery may be required to remove any blockages and improve tear drainage. If left untreated, dacryocystitis can lead to complications such as the formation of an abscess or damage to the eye.
Meibomian glands are sebaceous glands located in the eyelids, specifically at the rim of the eyelid near the lashes. They produce an oily substance called meibum that forms the outermost layer of the tear film, helping to prevent evaporation and keep the eye surface lubricated. The Meibomian glands play a crucial role in maintaining the health and comfort of the eyes by providing stability to the tear film and protecting the eye from irritants and dryness.
The lacrimal apparatus is a complex system in the eye that produces, stores, and drains tears. It consists of several components including:
1. Lacrimal glands: These are located in the upper outer part of the eyelid and produce tears to keep the eye surface moist and protected from external agents.
2. Tear ducts (lacrimal canaliculi): These are small tubes that drain tears from the surface of the eye into the lacrimal sac.
3. Lacrimal sac: This is a small pouch-like structure located in the inner part of the eyelid, which collects tears from the tear ducts and drains them into the nasolacrimal duct.
4. Nasolacrimal duct: This is a tube that runs from the lacrimal sac to the nose and drains tears into the nasal cavity.
The lacrimal apparatus helps maintain the health and comfort of the eye by keeping it lubricated, protecting it from infection, and removing any foreign particles or debris.
Sialadenitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the salivary gland. It can occur in any of the major salivary glands, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The inflammation may result from bacterial or viral infections, autoimmune disorders, or obstruction of the salivary ducts.
Acute sialadenitis is often caused by bacterial infections and can lead to symptoms such as pain, swelling, redness, and difficulty swallowing. Chronic sialadenitis, on the other hand, may be caused by recurrent infections, autoimmune disorders like Sjogren's syndrome, or stones in the salivary ducts. Symptoms of chronic sialadenitis can include intermittent swelling, pain, and dry mouth.
Treatment for sialadenitis depends on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, hydration, and massage of the salivary glands. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove obstructions or damaged tissue in the salivary gland.
Eyelid diseases refer to a variety of medical conditions that affect the function and/or appearance of the eyelids. These can include structural abnormalities, such as entropion (inward turning of the eyelid) or ectropion (outward turning of the eyelid), as well as functional issues like ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid). Other common eyelid diseases include blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid margin), chalazion (a blocked oil gland in the eyelid), and cancerous or benign growths on the eyelid. Symptoms of eyelid diseases can vary widely, but often include redness, swelling, pain, itching, tearing, and sensitivity to light. Treatment for these conditions depends on the specific diagnosis and may range from self-care measures and medications to surgical intervention.
Submandibular gland diseases refer to a group of disorders that affect the function or structure of the submandibular glands, which are salivary glands located beneath the jaw and produce saliva. These diseases can be categorized into inflammatory, infectious, obstructive, neoplastic (benign or malignant), and autoimmune disorders.
Some common submandibular gland diseases include:
1. Submandibular sialadenitis: Inflammation of the submandibular gland due to bacterial or viral infections, stones, or autoimmune conditions.
2. Salivary gland stones (sialolithiasis): Calcified deposits that obstruct the ducts leading from the submandibular gland, causing swelling and pain, especially during meals.
3. Submandibular gland tumors: Abnormal growths in the submandibular gland, which can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors may invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
4. Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that affects the exocrine glands, including the submandibular gland, leading to dry mouth and eyes.
5. IgG4-related disease: A systemic inflammatory condition characterized by the infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into various organs, including the submandibular gland, causing swelling and damage.
6. Mikulicz's disease: A rare benign lymphoepithelial lesion that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, including the submandibular gland, leading to enlargement and dryness of the affected glands.
7. Salivary gland dysfunction: Reduced or impaired saliva production due to aging, medications, radiation therapy, or systemic diseases, which can affect the submandibular gland.
Proper diagnosis and treatment of submandibular gland diseases require a thorough clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and sometimes biopsy or surgical intervention.
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition characterized by the formation of various types of blemishes on the skin, such as blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, and cysts or nodules. These lesions typically appear on areas of the body that have a high concentration of sebaceous glands, including the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders.
Acne vulgaris occurs when hair follicles become clogged with dead skin cells and excess oil (sebum) produced by the sebaceous glands. This blockage provides an ideal environment for bacteria, particularly Propionibacterium acnes, to multiply, leading to inflammation and infection. The severity of acne vulgaris can range from mild with only a few scattered comedones (blackheads or whiteheads) to severe cystic acne, which can cause significant scarring and emotional distress.
The exact causes of acne vulgaris are not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development, including:
1. Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or due to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
2. Genetic predisposition
3. Use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids and lithium
4. Excessive production of sebum due to overactive sebaceous glands
5. Accumulation of dead skin cells that clog pores
6. Bacterial infection (particularly Propionibacterium acnes)
7. Inflammation caused by the body's immune response to bacterial infection and clogged pores
Treatment for acne vulgaris depends on its severity and can include over-the-counter or prescription topical treatments, oral medications, chemical peels, light therapies, or even hormonal therapies in some cases. It is essential to seek professional medical advice from a dermatologist or healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for individual needs.
Adenocarcinoma, sebaceous is a type of cancer that develops from the sebaceous glands, which are glands in the skin that produce an oily substance called sebum. This type of cancer is a malignant tumor that forms in the glandular cells and can spread to other parts of the body. It most commonly occurs in the glands found in the eyelids (known as meibomian glands), but it can also occur in other areas of the body such as the genitals, breasts, and skin.
Sebaceous adenocarcinoma is a rare type of cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all skin cancers. It typically affects older adults and has been linked to exposure to radiation and certain genetic mutations. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with radiation therapy or chemotherapy in some cases.
It is important to note that while I strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, this definition may not be complete or fully comprehensive. If you have any concerns about your health or a medical condition, it is always best to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.
A hair follicle is a part of the human skin from which hair grows. It is a complex organ that consists of several layers, including an outer root sheath, inner root sheath, and matrix. The hair follicle is located in the dermis, the second layer of the skin, and is surrounded by sebaceous glands and erector pili muscles.
The hair growth cycle includes three phases: anagen (growth phase), catagen (transitional phase), and telogen (resting phase). During the anagen phase, cells in the matrix divide rapidly to produce new hair fibers that grow out of the follicle. The hair fiber is made up of a protein called keratin, which also makes up the outer layers of the skin and nails.
Hair follicles are important for various biological functions, including thermoregulation, sensory perception, and social communication. They also play a role in wound healing and can serve as a source of stem cells that can differentiate into other cell types.
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own moisture-producing glands, particularly the tear and salivary glands. This can lead to symptoms such as dry eyes, dry mouth, and dryness in other areas of the body. In some cases, it may also affect other organs, leading to a variety of complications.
There are two types of Sjögren's syndrome: primary and secondary. Primary Sjögren's syndrome occurs when the condition develops on its own, while secondary Sjögren's syndrome occurs when it develops in conjunction with another autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
The exact cause of Sjögren's syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment typically focuses on relieving symptoms and may include artificial tears, saliva substitutes, medications to stimulate saliva production, and immunosuppressive drugs in more severe cases.
Apocrine glands are a type of sweat gland found in mammals, including humans. They are most concentrated in areas with dense hair follicles, such as the axillae (armpits) and genital region. These glands release their secretions into the hair follicle, which then reaches the skin surface through the pores.
Apocrine glands become active during puberty and are associated with the production of odorous sweat. The sweat produced by apocrine glands is initially odorless but can acquire a smell when it comes into contact with bacteria on the skin surface, which break down the organic compounds in the sweat. This can contribute to body odor.
It's important to note that while apocrine glands are often associated with body odor, they do not cause body odor directly. The odor is produced when the sweat from apocrine glands mixes with bacteria on the skin surface.
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, composed mainly of stratified squamous epithelium. It forms a protective barrier that prevents water loss and inhibits the entry of microorganisms. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and its cells are nourished by diffusion from the underlying dermis. The bottom-most layer of the epidermis, called the stratum basale, is responsible for generating new skin cells that eventually move up to replace dead cells on the surface. This process of cell turnover takes about 28 days in adults.
The most superficial part of the epidermis consists of dead cells called squames, which are constantly shed and replaced. The exact rate at which this happens varies depending on location; for example, it's faster on the palms and soles than elsewhere. Melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, are also located in the epidermis, specifically within the stratum basale layer.
In summary, the epidermis is a vital part of our integumentary system, providing not only physical protection but also playing a crucial role in immunity and sensory perception through touch receptors called Pacinian corpuscles.
Adrenal gland diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the function or structure of the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They are responsible for producing several essential hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline (epinephrine).
There are various types of adrenal gland diseases, some of which include:
1. Adrenal Insufficiency: A condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and skin hyperpigmentation.
2. Cushing's Syndrome: A condition characterized by an excess of cortisol in the body. It can be caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland or adrenal glands, or it can result from long-term use of steroid medications.
3. Adrenal Cancer: A rare type of cancer that affects the adrenal glands. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, weight loss, and high blood pressure.
4. Pheochromocytoma: A tumor that develops in the adrenal glands and causes an overproduction of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). Symptoms may include high blood pressure, headaches, sweating, and anxiety.
5. Adrenal Hemorrhage: A condition where bleeding occurs in the adrenal glands, often as a result of severe trauma or infection. This can lead to adrenal insufficiency and other complications.
6. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: An inherited disorder that affects the production of cortisol and other hormones in the adrenal glands. Symptoms may include ambiguous genitalia, precocious puberty, and short stature.
Treatment for adrenal gland diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.
Alopecia is a medical term that refers to the loss of hair or baldness. It can occur in various parts of the body, but it's most commonly used to describe hair loss from the scalp. Alopecia can have several causes, including genetics, hormonal changes, medical conditions, and aging.
There are different types of alopecia, such as:
* Alopecia Areata: It is a condition that causes round patches of hair loss on the scalp or other parts of the body. The immune system attacks the hair follicles, causing the hair to fall out.
* Androgenetic Alopecia: Also known as male pattern baldness or female pattern baldness, it's a genetic condition that causes gradual hair thinning and eventual hair loss, typically following a specific pattern.
* Telogen Effluvium: It is a temporary hair loss condition caused by stress, medication, pregnancy, or other factors that can cause the hair follicles to enter a resting phase, leading to shedding and thinning of the hair.
The treatment for alopecia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, such as with telogen effluvium, hair growth may resume without any treatment. However, other forms of alopecia may require medical intervention, including topical treatments, oral medications, or even hair transplant surgery in severe cases.
Salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity to keep the mouth and throat moist, aid in digestion by initiating food breakdown, and help maintain dental health. There are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands located in the cheeks, the submandibular glands found beneath the jaw, and the sublingual glands situated under the tongue. Additionally, there are numerous minor salivary glands distributed throughout the oral cavity lining. These glands release their secretions through a system of ducts into the mouth.
Medically, hair is defined as a threadlike structure that grows from the follicles found in the skin of mammals. It is primarily made up of a protein called keratin and consists of three parts: the medulla (the innermost part or core), the cortex (middle layer containing keratin filaments) and the cuticle (outer layer of overlapping scales).
Hair growth occurs in cycles, with each cycle consisting of a growth phase (anagen), a transitional phase (catagen), and a resting phase (telogen). The length of hair is determined by the duration of the anagen phase.
While hair plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from external factors like UV radiation, temperature changes, and physical damage, it also serves as an essential aspect of human aesthetics and identity.
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Inflammation13
- [1] Diagnosis confirmation requires multiple punch biopsies analysed by a dermopathologist who will comment on the condition of the sebaceous glands, revealing granulomatous or pyogranulomatous inflammation surrounding the sebaceous glands or even complete destruction of sebaceous glands. (wikipedia.org)
- The suggestion is that this phenomenon may be due to a cyclic feedback whereby secondary infection, when not aggressively treated with topical therapy, increases and contributes to further sebaceous gland inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- Like other inflammatory diseases, most animals receive an initial course to stop the inflammation and treatment is tapered off to the lowest dose that keeps the disease in remission. (wikipedia.org)
- Acne is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and/or inflammation of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland). (medscape.com)
- Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD) - is a disease of young, large- and giant-breed dogs causing lameness due to bone inflammation. (petplace.com)
- Acne is caused by inflammation of the skin, and particularly affects the sebaceous glands which produce sebum, the skin's natural oil that keeps it lubricated. (optibacprobiotics.com)
- Asthma is a disease in which inflammation of the airways restricts airflow in and out of the lungs. (ecopolitan.com)
- The nodules or cysts are also due to the inflammation of the hair follicles and their sebaceous glands. (ineedmedic.com)
- Eczema is a skin disease that is characterized by the inflammation of the upper layers of the skin and includes dryness and stubborn rashes that may be swollen, red, itchy, flaky, oozy, and even bleeding. (edocr.com)
- The Sebaceaous Adenistis is a primary, selective inflammation reaction against the sebaceaous glands. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
- Only after complete loss of the sebaceaous glands the inflammation intensity decreases. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
- The main causes of acne: increased secretion of androgen and sebum, abnormal keratosis of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, propionibacterium acne infection and secondary inflammation. (signstek.com)
- Sebadenitis is a skin disease in dogs that leads to inflammation of the sebaceous glands. (dogbible.com)
Adenitis8
- Sebaceous adenitis in an uncommon skin disease found in some breeds of dog, and more rarely in cats, rabbits and horses. (wikipedia.org)
- The signs of sebaceous adenitis are caused by an inflammatory disease process which affects the sebaceous glands of the skin. (wikipedia.org)
- In Standard Poodles , sebaceous adenitis is most likely an autosomal recessive inherited disease, with variable expression . (wikipedia.org)
- In general, sebaceous adenitis is underdiagnosed in dogs. (wikipedia.org)
- A skin disease called sebaceous adenitis causes damage to the sebaceous glands. (barkleyandpaws.com)
- Sebaceous adenitis can cause itchiness as well as hair loss. (barkleyandpaws.com)
- Sebaceous Adenitis is a skin disease that is genetically inherited The exact cause is unknown, but it may be caused by an attack of the immune system against the sebaceous glands. (petplace.com)
- Sebaceous adenitis (SA) is an uncommon inflammatory disease centred on the destruction of the sebaceous glands. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Hyperplasia1
- If you have several small bumps of the sebaceous glands, this is called sebaceous hyperplasia. (medlineplus.gov)
Cyst1
- Removal of a benign skin lesion (e.g., nevus [mole], sebaceous cyst, wart, seborrheic keratosis, or pigmented lesion) not meeting the criteria as indicated in this policy is considered not medically necessary. (bcbsnd.com)
Adenoma3
- sebaceous adenoma is a more benign [[neoplasm]] of the sebaceous glands. (wikidoc.org)
- A sebaceous adenoma is a noncancerous tumor of an oil-producing gland in the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
- A sebaceous adenoma is a small bump. (medlineplus.gov)
Meibomian glands2
- 1 It commonly arises from the meibomian glands of the tarsus, but may also arise from the glands of Zeis or from the sebaceous glands of caruncle. (bmj.com)
- There was also a thickening and enlargement of the eyelids due to cartilaginous hypertrophy, dystrophic changes of the conjunctiva, and atrophy of the Meibomian glands, with the formation of multiple cysts and granulomas. (medscape.com)
Androgen2
- Increased oil production: The oil glands increase production in response to hormone (androgen) levels. (galgorm.com)
- The enzyme converts testosterone into DHT, which binds to androgen receptors in the sebaceous glands and causes excessive sebum production. (typology.com)
Malignant2
- Dermatologists see people of all ages who present with skin diseases (either benign or malignant) involving the mouth, hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands, external genitalia, and mucous membranes. (northwestern.edu)
- Primary malignant neoplasms of the sweat glands are rare, constituting less than 1% of all primary malignant skin lesions 1 . (bvsalud.org)
Seborrheic1
- Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common disease affecting skin areas rich in sebaceous glands. (omnidoctor.ru)
Affects5
- Intervertebral Disk Disease is a disorder that affects the spinal disks resulting in pain, difficulty walking and possibly paralysis. (petplace.com)
- Acne is a skin disease that affects the sebaceous glands, which produce oil. (livingreels.com)
- This skin disease usually affects the spaces between the toes, but can also appear in extensive patterns on the bottom and sides of the foot in severe cases. (edocr.com)
- Acne is a skin disease that affects the sebaceous glands , responsible for the production of sebum (a protective film on the epidermis). (typology.com)
- Acne is the most common skin disease that affects most people (95% of people) at some point during their lives. (nhcmedspa.co.uk)
Eyelid4
- Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare eyelid tumour comprising less than 1% of all eyelid malignancies. (bmj.com)
- Distichiasis is a condition in which there is growth of extra eyelashes (cilia) from the glands of the upper or lower eyelid. (petplace.com)
- Eyelid disorders may be associated with facial and orbital abnormalities, specific breeds, and adjunct skin diseases, as well as with many systemic diseases. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Chalazion is a modified sebaceous gland in the eyelid and is an inflammatory disease of the Meibum glands. (drbereczkiarpad.hu)
Amount of sebum2
- The prescription drug [[isotretinoin]] significantly reduces the amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands, and is used to treat acne. (wikidoc.org)
- In healthy skin, special glands ensure that an appropriate amount of sebum is always produced. (integrativemedicine.info)
Conjunctiva1
- These showed sebaceous gland carcinoma to the margin of the excision with pagetoid invasion of the conjunctiva and epidermis of the lid margin. (bmj.com)
Carcinoma9
- Topical application of mitomycin C, a non-cell cycle specific alkylating agent, has been advocated for pagetoid spread of sebaceous gland carcinoma. (bmj.com)
- 3 We report the use of mitomycin C as adjuvant therapy in a patient with completely excised sebaceous gland carcinoma and pagetoid spread. (bmj.com)
- The biopsy confirmed sebaceous gland carcinoma with pagetoid invasion of the conjunctival epithelium (fig 2). (bmj.com)
- Intraepithelial invasion in sebaceous gland carcinoma is noted to occur in 41-80% of cases. (bmj.com)
- 8 This is only the second reported article where mitomycin C has been used in the treatment of sebaceous gland carcinoma. (bmj.com)
- Given these results, the authors discuss the difficulty in diagnosing differentiation from a primary or metastatic neoplasm of the scalp, with the resources currently available, until the conclusion that it was a primary carcinoma of the sweat gland. (bvsalud.org)
- breast carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, skin cancer. (bvsalud.org)
- This study aimed to report and discuss the challenging differential diagnosis between a primary tumor of sweat glands and cutaneous metastasis of mammary carcinoma using anatomopathological and imaging diagnostic resources available today. (bvsalud.org)
- The findings show the challenge in differentiating a primary tumor of the sweat gland from a metastatic cutaneous tumor of mammary carcinoma, even with the immunohistochemical resources currently available. (bvsalud.org)
Sweat2
- [ 2 ] Elderly persons with decreased sebaceous and sweat gland activity, patients on antiandrogen therapy, people using degreasing agents, and people bathing without replacing natural skin emollients lost to bath water are at risk for asteatotic eczema. (medscape.com)
- Cellular infiltrate around hair, sweat, and sebaceous glands. (cdc.gov)
Seborrhea2
- [9] As well as, superficial pyoderma , primary idiopathic seborrhea and other endocrine diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Acne is an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin, characterized by seborrhea. (facedoctor.ca)
Lesions3
- Lesions develop uniformly throughout the disease and progress from macules to papules to vesicles over the course of 4 to 5 days. (cdc.gov)
- Tumors and related lesions of the sebaceous glands. (medlineplus.gov)
- The tongue lesions fissured tongue, geographic tongue, median rhomboid glossitis and oral mucosal lesions Fordyce's spots and leukedema are classically considered as developmental lesions and normal conditions rather than having virtual disease characteristics. (bvsalud.org)
Puberty1
- In males, sebaceous glands begin to appear predominantly on the [[penis]] during and after puberty. (wikidoc.org)
Pores2
- Like your face, the back and front of your chest have more pores and sebaceous glands than any other area of your body, making you prone to acne, pimples, and peritulokeratosis (goose bumps). (signstek.com)
- And as we mentioned before, the chest sebaceous glands are also more developed, and sebum secretion will block pores, and then acne will appear in the chest. (signstek.com)
Hair16
- [1] characterised by an inflammatory response against the dog's sebaceous glands (glands found in the hair follicles in the skin dermis ), which can lead to the destruction of the gland. (wikipedia.org)
- Acne occurs when sebum blocks the sebaceous glands and adjacent hair follicles. (bcbsnd.com)
- Caption = Schematic view of a hair follicle with sebaceous gland. (wikidoc.org)
- Sebaceous glands can usually be found in hair-covered areas, where they are connected to [[hair follicle]]s. (wikidoc.org)
- The glands deposit sebum on the hairs, and bring it to the skin surface along the hair shaft. (wikidoc.org)
- Acne (Acne vulgaris) is a disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. (kediglow.com)
- Acne occurs when there is an obstruction of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. (kediglow.com)
- Excessive secretions from these glands, together with dead skin cells, plug the hair outlet channel, causing acne. (slimspaplayadelcarmen.com)
- SOME FACTS ABOUT ACNE… Acne is a common and chronic dermatological disease of the pilosebaceous system (which includes the hair follicle, the hair shaft and the sebaceous gland secreting sebum, at the root of the hair). (cliniquecurelabelle.ca)
- This disease is caused by the sebaceous glands at the base of the hair follicles. (ineedmedic.com)
- Acne is a collective term for all skin diseases that primarily affect the sebaceous gland apparatus and the hair follicles. (integrativemedicine.info)
- As a skin disease, acne is caused by changes in philosebaceous units, which are basically skin structures that consist of a hair follicle and are related to the sebaceous gland. (edocr.com)
- As we know, acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and one of the pathogenesis is related to excessive sebum secretion. (signstek.com)
- Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated TDI-hp localization in the stratum corneum, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. (cdc.gov)
- TDI-hp were co-localized with CD11b+ (integrin alphaM/Mac-1), CD207+ (langerin), and CD103+ (integrin alphaE) cells in the hair follicles and in sebaceous glands. (cdc.gov)
- The results of this study demonstrate that the stratum corneum, hair follicles, and associated sebaceous glands in mice are dendritic cell accessible reservoirs for TDI-hp and thus identify a mechanism for immune recognition following epicutaneous exposure to TDI. (cdc.gov)
Disorders7
- Those with immunodeficiency (especially infection with HIV) and with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (for which the condition is an autonomic sign) and stroke are particularly prone to it. (wikipedia.org)
- A high prevalence of cutaneous disorders is expected, because most patients with ESRD have an underlying disease process with cutaneous manifestations. (medscape.com)
- Consequently, dermatologic manifestations of renal disease may be divided into 3 general categories including: (1) dermatologic manifestations of diseases associated with the development of ESRD, (2) dermatologic manifestations of uremia, and (3) dermatologic disorders associated with renal transplantation. (medscape.com)
- Many cutaneous disorders experienced by patients undergoing dialysis have little to do with the uremic syndrome and are related to the same underlying pathologic process that caused the renal disease. (medscape.com)
- These systemic disorders and the associated renal diseases and cutaneous manifestations are tabulated in Table 1, below. (medscape.com)
- Critical brain related disorders like Schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease have affected a considerable part of human population. (indianetzone.com)
- It is one of the most common dermatological disorders and is in fact considered a chronic disease. (galgorm.com)
Autoimmune Diseases1
- Autoimmune diseases are triggered by strange activities in human immune system. (indianetzone.com)
Pathogenesis1
- The disease pathogenesis is not fully understood, but is believed that colonization by the opportunistic Malassezia yeasts plays a certain role in its development. (omnidoctor.ru)
Secretion3
- The effect of various dosages of ethinyl estradiol or diethylstilbestrol on sebaceous gland secretion was studied in 54 women, 15 of whom had acne. (jamanetwork.com)
- This is a functional disease of the sebaceous glands, in which there is excessive secretion or disturbed quality of sebum. (aarogya.com)
- Sebaceous gland & sebaceous area: the sebum above our skin comes from sebaceous gland secretion overflow, can protect and lubricate the skin. (signstek.com)
Excessive1
- When overactive, the adrenal glands secrete excessive cortisol, resulting in illness. (petplace.com)
Salivary1
- The mucosa overlays a number of minor salivary glands. (medscape.com)
Blockage1
- The main reason is the accumulation of lipids in the sebaceous gland, which leads to its blockage. (medhelpsis.com)
Occurs3
- SD most commonly occurs in men, and the risk for the disease increases with age. (omnidoctor.ru)
- Athlete's foot, also known as Tinea Pedis and refers to the disease and not the organism, is another kind of skin disease, one that is a parasitic fungal infection that occurs in the epidermis of the human foot and is more common in males than in females. (edocr.com)
- Acne develops in adolescents during adrenarche, when sex hormone levels and subsequent sebaceous gland stimulation occurs. (medscape.com)
Destruction4
- Immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory therapy serves to stop on-going destruction of the sebaceous glands. (wikipedia.org)
- Pockmarks and scarring are the most common sequelae.They are a consequence of virus-mediated necrosis and destruction of sebaceous glands. (cdc.gov)
- There are dogs with a nearly complete destruction of all glands after a timespan of 2 months. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
- On contrary, individuals were monitored with a destruction of the glands for many years, similar to a creeping process. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Chest3
- Areas of the skin rich in oil-producing glands are often affected including the scalp, face, and chest. (wikipedia.org)
- Acne is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) and pimples that typically appear on the face, back, and chest. (neoclearbyaerolase.com)
- All patients were interviewed and com- inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous pleted a written consent and a questionnaire glands located on the face, chest, and upper form that contained information about their back. (who.int)
Disorder3
- Hyperadrenocorticism is a disorder affecting the adrenal glands. (petplace.com)
- Acne is described as an inflammatory disorder of the Sebaceous (oil) glands. (galgorm.com)
- Parkinson disease is a slowly progressive, degenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness (rigidity), slow and decreased movement (bradykinesia), and eventually gait and/or postural instability. (msdmanuals.com)
Inflammatory skin1
- It is an inflammatory skin disease in which the sebaceous glands play a key role. (cliniquecurelabelle.ca)
Papules1
- Acne is a common, inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, and superficial pus-filled cysts. (bcbsnd.com)
Uncommon1
- Dermatologic manifestations of renal disease are not uncommon findings in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). (medscape.com)
Increases1
- Glaucoma is a disease of the eye that develops when the pressure within the eye increases. (petplace.com)
Commonly2
- Calcinosis cutis is a condition commonly seen in dogs with Cushing's disease that causes the mineralization of the skin. (barkleyandpaws.com)
- Importance to other animals== Certain species of [[Demodex mite]]s feed on sebum and are commonly found in the sebaceous glands of mammals, including those of humans. (wikidoc.org)
Chronic inflammatory disease1
- A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. (sdsu.edu)
Systemic3
- Examples of autoimmune conditions include the following: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Type 1 diabetes Crohn's Disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis Neurological diseases Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Glomerulanephritis Pernicious Anaemia Goodpasture's syndrome Scleroderma Raynaud's Phenomenon Lupus (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (ecopolitan.com)
- Lewy bodies appear in a temporal sequence, and many experts believe that Parkinson disease is a relatively late development in a systemic synucleinopathy. (msdmanuals.com)
- Majority of oral diseases are confined to oral tissues, but numerous underlying systemic conditions may manifest with signs and symptoms within the oral cavity 2 . (bvsalud.org)
Immune system1
- At the beginning of the disease, histopathologic findings demonstrate different cell-types of the immune system in the sebaceaous glands. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Primary2
- Glossitis may be either a primary or secondary manifestation of disease. (ecopolitan.com)
- While the primary objective is to distinguish between health and disease, a comprehensive oral examination-in conjunction with a thorough medical and dental history-can also provide valuable insight into the overall health and well-being of the patient. (medscape.com)
Endocrine1
- The essence of the problem lies in metabolic abnormalities that can be triggered by various diseases of the endocrine system and the gastrointestinal tract, for example, pancreatic disease. (medhelpsis.com)
Cutaneous2
- The purpose of this article is to integrate renal and cutaneous aspects of disease as well as highlight some important, although frequently underappreciated, clinical or laboratory findings that ally renal and skin diseases. (medscape.com)
- Cutaneous manifestations of internal disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Acne Treatment1
- At the same time, due to laser acne treatment, the sebaceous glands of the skin are permanently decreased and reduced, and also it is provided the bacteria called P. Acnes that causes acne formation to move away from the body. (miaplastestetik.com)
Common7
- Acne is a common chronic skin disease caused by bacteria. (indianetzone.com)
- Click here to know more Common Kinds of Skin Disease By Naisarasri Sri Skin disease, which is generically known as dermatosis in the medical world, can cover all parts of the human body. (edocr.com)
- The more common examples of skin diseases are acne, athlete's foot, and eczema. (edocr.com)
- According to research, over 85% of teenagers experience acne, confirming reports that this kind of skin disease is most common during adolescence, with the face and back as the usual thriving area. (edocr.com)
- The most common skin disease that people face is acne. (edocr.com)
- Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases in dogs. (dogbible.com)
- Propionibacterium propionicus has been implicated as a less-common causative agent of a disease process similar to that of actinomycosis. (medscape.com)
Thyroid2
- Hypothyroidism results when the thyroid gland does not function adequately. (petplace.com)
- Hypothyroidism is a condition in dogs where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. (dogbible.com)
ERYTHEMA1
- It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. (sdsu.edu)
Nerve1
- Progressive Retinal Degeneration is a disease that causes nerve cells at the back of the eye to degenerate. (petplace.com)
Occur2
- Scarring may occur all over the body but is most profuse on the face, which has the highest concentration of sebaceous glands. (cdc.gov)
- What diseases can occur in Akita Inu and American Pit Bull Terrier mix. (dogbible.com)
Eyelids1
- At the rim of the eyelids, [[meibomian gland]]s are a specialized form of sebaceous gland. (wikidoc.org)
Bacteria1
- Acne is an inflammatory disease caused when the sebaceous gland produces too much oil, or "sebum", bacteria builds up and this can result in a break out. (nhcmedspa.co.uk)
Centers5
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
- The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
- Because dialysis and transplant centers are required to report specific information regarding each patient diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS), data regarding the causes of ESRD are readily available in the Annual Data Report published by the USRDS. (medscape.com)
- Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. (cdc.gov)
Onset1
- Onset between ages 21 and 40 years is sometimes called young or early-onset Parkinson disease. (msdmanuals.com)