Gonadal neoplasm composed entirely of SERTOLI CELLS or may have a component of GRANULOSA CELLS. Some of the Sertoli cell tumors produce ESTROGEN or ANDROGENS, but seldom in sufficient quantity to cause clinical symptoms such as FEMINIZATION or masculinization (VIRILISM).
Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.
Gonadal interstitial or stromal cell neoplasm composed of only LEYDIG CELLS. These tumors may produce one or more of the steroid hormones such as ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS; and CORTICOSTEROIDS. Clinical symptoms include testicular swelling, GYNECOMASTIA, sexual precocity in children, or virilization (VIRILISM) in females.
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.
Neoplasms derived from the primitive sex cord or gonadal stromal cells of the embryonic GONADS. They are classified by their presumed histogenesis and differentiation. From the sex cord, there are SERTOLI CELL TUMOR and GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR; from the gonadal stroma, LEYDIG CELL TUMOR and THECOMA. These tumors may be identified in either the OVARY or the TESTIS.
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor consists of LEYDIG CELLS; SERTOLI CELLS; and FIBROBLASTS in varying proportions and degree of differentiation. Most such tumors produce ANDROGENS in the Leydig cells, formerly known as androblastoma or arrhenoblastoma. Androblastomas occur in the TESTIS or the OVARY causing precocious masculinization in the males, and defeminization, or virilization (VIRILISM) in the females. In some cases, the Sertoli cells produce ESTROGENS.
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
A syndrome characterized by CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE and GONADAL DYSGENESIS in phenotypic females with karyotype of 46,XY or female individual with a normal 46,XX karyotype. It is caused by donor splice-site mutations of Wilms tumor suppressor gene (GENES, WILMS TUMOR) on chromosome 11.
Autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by cardiac and cutaneous MYXOMAS; LENTIGINOSIS (spotty pigmentation of the skin), and endocrinopathy and its associated endocrine tumors. The cardiac myxomas may lead to SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH and other complications in Carney complex patients. The gene coding for the PRKAR1A protein is one of the causative genetic loci (type 1). A second locus is at chromosome 2p16 (type 2).
The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.
A neoplasm composed entirely of GRANULOSA CELLS, occurring mostly in the OVARY. In the adult form, it may contain some THECA CELLS. This tumor often produces ESTRADIOL and INHIBIN. The excess estrogen exposure can lead to other malignancies in women and PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY in girls. In rare cases, granulosa cell tumors have been identified in the TESTES.
A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
The convoluted tubules in the TESTIS where sperm are produced (SPERMATOGENESIS) and conveyed to the RETE TESTIS. Spermatogenic tubules are composed of developing germ cells and the supporting SERTOLI CELLS.
The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.
Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.
Unusual tumor affecting any site of the body, but most often encountered in the head and neck. Considerable debate has surrounded the histogenesis of this neoplasm; however, it is considered to be a myoblastoma of, usually, a benign nature. It affects women more often than men. When it develops beneath the epidermis or mucous membrane, it can lead to proliferation of the squamous cells and mimic squamous cell carcinoma.
The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (SPERMATOGONIA) and supporting SERTOLI CELLS. As SPERMATOGENESIS proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. The adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains SPERMATOCYTES and the more advanced germ cells.

Ageing, testicular tumours and the pituitary-testis axis in dogs. (1/52)

Dogs of different ages without testicular diseases were evaluated to study possible age-related changes in hormone concentrations in serum. Dogs with testicular tumours were also investigated to study the relation between tumour type and hormone concentrations; in this study, dogs with Sertoli cell tumours, Leydig cell tumours and seminomas were included. We measured testosterone, oestradiol, LH, FSH and inhibin-like immunoreactivity concentrations in peripheral venous and testicular venous blood of these animals. In normal dogs there appeared to be no age-related changes in the concentrations of the investigated hormones, except for a significant age-related decrease in oestradiol concentrations in testicular venous blood (P<0.02). Dogs with a Sertoli cell tumour had greater oestradiol concentrations and inhibin-like immunoreactivity in both peripheral and testicular venous blood than did dogs without a neoplasm (P<0. 05). Testosterone concentrations were reduced in dogs with Sertoli cell tumours, as were FSH and LH. Feminisation occurred in eight of 13 dogs with a Sertoli cell tumour and in two of 14 dogs with a Leydig cell tumour; it was accompanied by a significantly greater oestradiol concentration than in normal dogs and in dogs with Sertoli cell tumours without signs of feminisation. Dogs with a Leydig cell tumour had greater concentrations of oestradiol and inhibin-like immunoreactivity in both peripheral venous and testicular venous blood than did dogs without a neoplasm (P<0.05). The testosterone concentration in testicular venous blood of these dogs was lower than that in dogs with normal testes. The concentration of LH in peripheral venous blood was also reduced (P<0. 05). Hormone concentrations in dogs with a seminoma were not different from those in normal dogs. It was concluded that seminomas are not endocrinologically active. In contrast, both Sertoli cell tumours and Leydig cell tumours can cause increased oestrogen production leading to signs of feminisation. These tumours also have considerable amounts of inhibin-like immunoreactivity, but only in Sertoli cell tumours does this result in a reduction in FSH concentrations, suggesting that Sertoli cell tumours secrete dimeric inhibin, whereas Leydig cell tumours presumably produce loose alpha-subunits that cross-react in the inhibin assay but are not biologically active.  (+info)

Virilizing tumors of the ovary: imaging features. (2/52)

AIM: Virilizing tumors of the ovary are an uncommon cause of a common clinical problem. The reported imaging features of these tumors are based on case reports. The purpose of this study was to determine the spectrum of imaging characteristics of these tumors based on a larger referral population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Case records from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were searched for clinical evidence of virilization as a presentation of an excised sex cord-stromal and steroid cell ovarian tumor. Records and imaging studies on 14 patients with virilizing tumors were found. All available imaging studies (ultrasound studies of the pelvis (11 patients), CT scans of the pelvis (five patients), MRI examinations of the pelvis (two patients), and plain films of the pelvis (four patients) were reviewed by three radiologists independently for ascites, calcification, percent solid portion, echogenicity and attenuation. RESULTS: On CT and/or ultrasound most (69%) of the tumors appeared to be solid or mostly solid. The amount of solid tissue varied with the tumor type, granulosa cell tumors were predominantly cystic. The masses were isoechoic (82%) or hypoechoic (18%). Ascites was an infrequent (23%) finding. Only a minority of these tumors (14%) were calcified on imaging studies. Six tumors were 5.0 cm or less in mean size, and two less than 3.0 cm in size. All cases were stage I tumors at presentation. CONCLUSION: The majority of virilizing tumors of the ovary are typically solid, noncalcified, confined to the ovary at presentation, and not associated with ascites. Variability in appearance depends in part on tumor type. Many are small and may be difficult to recognize as a mass morphologically.  (+info)

Ovarian tumors in rats induced by chronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment. (3/52)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a multispecies reproductive toxicant, and it has been recently classified by IARC as a known human carcinogen. Here, we report that TCDD promotes the development of ovarian tumors in an initiation-promotion model in female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or vehicle at 70 days of age. Starting 2 or 18 weeks after initiation, rats were exposed biweekly to TCDD at a daily average dose of 125 ng/kg/day for 14, 30, or 60 weeks continuously or for 30 weeks plus withdrawal periods of 16 or 30 weeks. Fifteen of 76 (20%) rats initiated with DEN and promoted with TCDD for various lengths of time developed ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors of Sertoli cell type, whereas no ovarian tumors developed in 86 rats used as vehicle controls or that received DEN alone or TCDD alone. The highest tumor incidence occurred in 6 of 14 rats (43%) after 60 weeks of continuous TCDD after DEN initiation. One of six rats developed a tumor by 30 weeks of exposure. Because most effects of TCDD can be attributed to its activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the presence and localization of AhR was determined in the rat ovary and in the ovarian tumors by reverse transcription-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. AhR was localized to oocytes, granulosa and thecal cells of growing follicles, surface epithelial cells, and epithelial cells lining single tubules in ovaries from adult control Sprague Dawley rats. Neoplastic cells in the ovarian tumors were also positive for both AhR message and protein. These results indicate that the ability of TCDD to cause ovarian tumors is dependent on initiation, length of promotion, and age of the animal when exposed and evaluated. The tumor type induced by TCDD in this experimental system is the same histological subtype as that reported from an early study of youngsters exposed during an industrial accident in Seveso, Italy.  (+info)

Spermatogenesis and testicular tumours in ageing dogs. (4/52)

Spermatogenesis was examined in testes from 74 dogs of various breeds without clinically detected testicular disease. A modified Johnsen score system was used to determine whether spermatogenesis deteriorates with ageing. The diameter of seminiferous tubules was measured in dogs without testicular disease to examine other possible effects of ageing on tubular performance. There appeared to be no relation between age and these variables. The influence of testicular tumours on spermatogenesis was also investigated in both affected and unaffected testes. The testes of 28 dogs with clinically palpable tumours and 21 dogs with clinically non-palpable tumours were investigated. In cases of unilateral occurrence of a tumour, impairment of spermatogenesis was observed only in the affected testis of dogs with clinically detected tumours. Bilateral occurrence of tumours, whether detected clinically or non-clinically, was associated with severe impairment of spermatogenesis. The prevalence of tumours increased during ageing. Eighty-six per cent of the clinically detected and 57% of the non-clinically detected tumours were found in old dogs. Multiple types of tumour and bilateral occurrence were very common. Seminomas and Leydig cell tumours were more frequent than Sertoli cell tumours. It was concluded that spermatogenesis per se did not decrease during ageing in dogs but the occurrence of testicular tumours increased with ageing and affected spermatogenesis significantly, as reflected by a lower Johnsen score.  (+info)

Use of antibodies against LH receptor, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and vimentin to characterize different types of testicular tumour in dogs. (5/52)

Testicular tumours in dogs are of Sertoli cell, Leydig cell or germinal origin and mixed tumours are also frequently observed. The cellular components of mixed tumours are usually identified by histological examination but sometimes this is difficult. In this study, a panel of specific antibodies was used to identify the different cell types in testicular tumours by immunohistochemistry. Leydig cells were identified using an antibody against the LH receptor and an antibody against the steroidogenic enzyme 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), both of which are characteristic of Leydig cells in testes. Sertoli cells were identified using an antibody against the intermediate filament vimentin. Seminoma cells did not stain with any of these antibodies. Vimentin was used only in histologically complex cases. Eighty-six tumours, diagnosed histologically as 29 Sertoli cell tumours, 25 Leydig cell tumours, 19 seminomas and 13 mixed tumours, were studied. Feminization was observed in 17 dogs. Leydig cell tumours stained positively with the antibodies against the LH receptor and 3beta-HSD, whereas seminomas and Sertoli cell tumours were negative (unstained). The antibody against vimentin stained both Sertoli and Leydig cells, and tumours arising from these cells, but not seminomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed that three tumours identified histologically as Sertoli cell tumours were actually Leydig cell tumours. In 14 dogs the histological diagnosis appeared to be incomplete, as mixed tumours instead of pure types of tumours were identified in 11 dogs, and in three dogs mixed tumours appeared to be pure types. Hence, the histological diagnosis was insufficient in approximately 20% of dogs. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of testis tumours revealed that feminization occurred in dogs with Sertoli cell tumours or Leydig cell tumours and their combinations, but not in dogs with a seminoma. In conclusion, incubation with antibodies against LH receptor and 3beta-HSD proved to be a consistently reliable method for identification of Leydig cell tumours in dogs. Vimentin can be used to discriminate between Sertoli cell tumours and seminomas. Overall, this panel of antibodies can be very useful for determination of the identity of testicular tumours in which histological characterization is complicated and the pathogenesis of feminization is not clear.  (+info)

Relationship between testicular transferrin and plasma estradiol-17beta concentrations of dogs with azoospermia and dogs with sertoli cell tumors. (6/52)

Testicular Transferrin (Tf) and peripheral plasma estradiol-17beta (E2) concentrations were measured in 3 dogs with azoospermia (AZ dogs), 3 dogs with Sertoli cell tumors (SC dogs), and 5 normal male Beagles. The mean Tf concentrations in the testes of the AZ dogs and the affected testes of the SC dogs, and the plasma E2 concentrations in both these groups of dogs were significantly higher than the values in normal dogs (P<0.05, 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Therefore, excessive E2 secretion by hyperfunctioning Sertoli cells is thought to have caused the azoospermia in the 3 dogs.  (+info)

Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclins in canine normal testes and testicular tumors. (7/52)

The expression of cyclins A, D1, D2 and E were examined immunohistochemically in 5 canine normal testes and 31 testicular tumors, including 14 seminomas, 11 Sertoli cell tumors and 6 Leydig cell tumors. In canine normal testes, cyclin A expression was detected in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. This suggests that A-type cyclins may play some role in canine spermatogenesis. Cyclin A expression was also observed in 13/14 (92.9%) seminomas and 2/11 (18.2%) Sertoli cell tumors, but no positive reaction was observed in Leydig cell tumors. Parallel examinations for cyclins D1, D2 and E gave negative results in canine normal testes and testicular tumors. High levels of cyclin A expression in canine seminomas indicate that the neoplastic germ cells may be arrested at the spermatogonia and primary spermatocyte stages of differentiation.  (+info)

Immunohistochemical detection of inhibin-alpha, -betaB, and -betaA chains and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in canine testicular tumors and normal testes. (8/52)

Immunohistochemical detection of inhibin-alpha, -betaA and -betaB chains and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) was carried out on primary testicular tumors from 15 dogs and normal testes from three adult dogs. Histopathologically, the tumors were composed of three types: Leydig cell tumors in five dogs, Sertoli cell tumors in five dogs, and seminoma in five dogs. In normal testes, immunostaining against inhibin-alpha, -betaA, and -betaB chains and 3beta-HSD revealed positive reactivity in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. In testicular tumors, immunoreactive cells against inhibin-alpha, -betaA, and -betaB chains and 3beta-HSD were localized in all Leydig cell tumors but not in any Sertoli cell tumors or seminomas. The results of radioimmunoassay for plasma inhibin in dogs with Leydig cell tumors showed higher concentrations than those in dogs with Sertoli cell tumors and seminomas and those in normal dogs. The concentration of inhibin in the plasma was markedly decreased by the surgical removal of the Leydig cell tumor in one dog. Our findings suggest that inhibin is synthesized by normal and neoplastic Leydig cells in the canine testis, and the secreted inhibin may be inhibin A and inhibin B.  (+info)

A Sertoli cell tumor is a rare type of sex-cord stromal tumor that develops in the testicles or, more rarely, in the ovaries. These tumors arise from the Sertoli cells, which are specialized cells within the testicle that help to nurture and protect the developing sperm cells. In the ovary, Sertoli cell tumors are thought to arise from similar cells that are part of the supporting tissue in the ovary.

Sertoli cell tumors can occur in people of any age but are most commonly found in middle-aged adults. They are usually slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms, especially if they are small. However, larger tumors or those that have spread (metastasized) may cause various symptoms depending on their location and size.

Symptoms of a Sertoli cell tumor can include:

* A painless lump or swelling in the testicle or ovary
* Abdominal pain or discomfort
* Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
* Changes in bowel habits or urinary frequency
* Pain during sexual intercourse (in women)
* Hormonal imbalances, such as gynecomastia (breast development) in men or menstrual irregularities in women.

Diagnosis of a Sertoli cell tumor typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and blood tests to check for elevated levels of certain hormones that may be produced by the tumor. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor's grade and stage.

Treatment for Sertoli cell tumors typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with any affected lymph nodes or other tissues. Additional treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, may be recommended in cases where the tumor has spread or is at a higher risk of recurrence. Regular follow-up care is also important to monitor for any signs of recurrence or new tumors.

Sertoli cells, also known as sustentacular cells or nurse cells, are specialized cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis in mammals. They play a crucial role in supporting and nurturing the development of sperm cells (spermatogenesis). Sertoli cells create a microenvironment within the seminiferous tubules that facilitates the differentiation, maturation, and survival of germ cells.

These cells have several essential functions:

1. Blood-testis barrier formation: Sertoli cells form tight junctions with each other, creating a physical barrier called the blood-testis barrier, which separates the seminiferous tubules into basal and adluminal compartments. This barrier protects the developing sperm cells from the immune system and provides an isolated environment for their maturation.
2. Nutrition and support: Sertoli cells provide essential nutrients and growth factors to germ cells, ensuring their proper development and survival. They also engulf and digest residual bodies, which are byproducts of spermatid differentiation.
3. Phagocytosis: Sertoli cells have phagocytic properties, allowing them to remove debris and dead cells within the seminiferous tubules.
4. Hormone metabolism: Sertoli cells express receptors for various hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and estradiol. They play a role in regulating hormonal signaling within the testis by metabolizing these hormones or producing inhibins, which modulate FSH secretion from the pituitary gland.
5. Regulation of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells produce and secrete various proteins and growth factors that influence germ cell development and proliferation. They also control the release of mature sperm cells into the epididymis through a process called spermiation.

A Leydig cell tumor is a rare type of sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the Leydig cells (interstitial cells) of the testis in males or ovarian tissue in females. These cells are responsible for producing androgens, particularly testosterone.

Leydig cell tumors can occur at any age but are most common in middle-aged to older men. In women, they are extremely rare and usually found in postmenopausal women. Most Leydig cell tumors are benign (noncancerous), but about 10% can be malignant (cancerous) and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body.

Symptoms of a Leydig cell tumor may include:

* A painless testicular or ovarian mass
* Gynecomastia (enlargement of breast tissue in men) due to increased estrogen production
* Early puberty in children
* Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction in men
* Irregular menstrual cycles in women

Diagnosis is usually made through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of a Leydig cell tumor. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and additional therapies such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended for malignant tumors. Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor for recurrence.

Testicular neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors in the testicle that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They are a type of genitourinary cancer, which affects the reproductive and urinary systems. Testicular neoplasms can occur in men of any age but are most commonly found in young adults between the ages of 15 and 40.

Testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main categories: germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors, which arise from the cells that give rise to sperm, are further divided into seminomas and non-seminomas. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and have a good prognosis, while non-seminomas tend to grow more quickly and can spread to other parts of the body.

Non-germ cell tumors are less common than germ cell tumors and include Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors, and lymphomas. These tumors can have a variety of clinical behaviors, ranging from benign to malignant.

Testicular neoplasms often present as a painless mass or swelling in the testicle. Other symptoms may include a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum, a dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin, and breast enlargement (gynecomastia).

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan, and blood tests to detect tumor markers. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular self-examinations of the testicles are recommended for early detection and improved outcomes.

Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors are a type of rare cancer that develops in the cells of the ovaries or testicles that produce hormones and help to form ova or sperm. These tumors can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can occur in both males and females, although they are more common in females.

There are several subtypes of sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors, including granulosa cell tumors, thecomas, fibromas, Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig cell tumors, and gonadoblastomas. The symptoms and treatment options for these tumors depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and whether the tumor is producing hormones.

Common symptoms of sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors may include abdominal pain or swelling, bloating, irregular menstrual periods, vaginal bleeding, or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen. In some cases, these tumors may produce hormones that can cause additional symptoms, such as breast tenderness, acne, or voice deepening.

Treatment for sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors typically involves surgery to remove the tumor and any affected tissue. Depending on the stage and type of the tumor, additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may also be recommended. Regular follow-up care is important to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

Seminoma is a type of germ cell tumor that develops in the testicle. It is a malignant tumor, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and tend to remain localized to the testicle for a longer period compared to other types of testicular cancer. They usually occur in men between the ages of 25 and 45 but can develop at any age.

Seminomas can be classified into two main subtypes: classical seminoma and spermatocytic seminoma. Classical seminoma is more common and typically responds well to treatment, while spermatocytic seminoma is rarer and tends to have a better prognosis with a lower risk of spreading.

Seminomas are usually treated with surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchiectomy), followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The prognosis for seminoma is generally good, especially when caught and treated early. Regular self-examinations of the testicles can help detect any lumps or abnormalities that may indicate the presence of a seminoma or other type of testicular cancer.

A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare type of sex cord-stromal tumor that develops in the ovaries. These tumors arise from the cells that produce hormones and help to form and maintain the ovarian tissue. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors can occur in people of any age but are most commonly found in women between the ages of 20 and 40.

These tumors can be functional, meaning they produce hormones, or nonfunctional. Functional Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors may cause symptoms related to the production of male hormones (androgens), such as excess facial hair, a deepened voice, and irregular menstrual periods. Nonfunctional tumors typically do not cause any specific symptoms and are often found during routine pelvic examinations or imaging studies performed for other reasons.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are usually slow-growing and can vary in size. Most of these tumors are benign (not cancerous), but some can be malignant (cancerous) and may spread to other parts of the body. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and additional therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be recommended depending on the stage and grade of the tumor. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for any recurrence of the tumor.

There is no medical definition for "dog diseases" as it is too broad a term. However, dogs can suffer from various health conditions and illnesses that are specific to their species or similar to those found in humans. Some common categories of dog diseases include:

1. Infectious Diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include distemper, parvovirus, kennel cough, Lyme disease, and heartworms.
2. Hereditary/Genetic Disorders: Some dogs may inherit certain genetic disorders from their parents. Examples include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and degenerative myelopathy.
3. Age-Related Diseases: As dogs age, they become more susceptible to various health issues. Common age-related diseases in dogs include arthritis, dental disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS).
4. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition or improper feeding can lead to various health problems in dogs. Examples include obesity, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.
5. Environmental Diseases: These are caused by exposure to environmental factors such as toxins, allergens, or extreme temperatures. Examples include heatstroke, frostbite, and toxicities from ingesting harmful substances.
6. Neurological Disorders: Dogs can suffer from various neurological conditions that affect their nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and vestibular disease.
7. Behavioral Disorders: Some dogs may develop behavioral issues due to various factors such as anxiety, fear, or aggression. Examples include separation anxiety, noise phobias, and resource guarding.

It's important to note that regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, exercise, and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of many dog diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Frasier Syndrome" is not a recognized medical condition or syndrome in the standard medical literature. It seems like it might be a term that is specific to a certain context or fictional work. In popular culture, "Frasier" is a television show about a character named Frasier Crane, and it's possible that "Frasier Syndrome" could refer to something within the realm of that fiction. However, without more specific information about where you encountered this term, I cannot provide an accurate definition.

Carney Complex is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of various types of tumors and pigmented spots on the skin. It is caused by mutations in the PRKAR1A gene, which regulates the activity of enzymes involved in cell growth and division. The condition is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder if one parent has it.

The tumors associated with Carney Complex can develop in various parts of the body, including the heart, endocrine glands, and skin. Some common types of tumors include:

* Myxomas: benign tumors that typically develop in the heart, but can also occur in other parts of the body
* Pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PNAD): benign tumors that develop in the adrenal glands and produce excess hormones
* Thyroid tumors: benign or malignant tumors that develop in the thyroid gland
* Breast tumors: benign or malignant tumors that develop in the breast
* Skin tumors: including pigmented spots, skin tags, and growths

People with Carney Complex may also experience other symptoms such as Cushing's syndrome (a hormonal disorder caused by excess cortisol), acromegaly (a hormonal disorder caused by excess growth hormone), and various endocrine disorders.

Treatment for Carney Complex typically involves surgical removal of tumors when necessary, as well as monitoring for the development of new tumors and other symptoms. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to manage the condition and prevent complications.

The testis, also known as the testicle, is a male reproductive organ that is part of the endocrine system. It is located in the scrotum, outside of the abdominal cavity. The main function of the testis is to produce sperm and testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.

The testis is composed of many tiny tubules called seminiferous tubules, where sperm are produced. These tubules are surrounded by a network of blood vessels, nerves, and supportive tissues. The sperm then travel through a series of ducts to the epididymis, where they mature and become capable of fertilization.

Testosterone is produced in the Leydig cells, which are located in the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. It also supports sperm production and sexual function.

Abnormalities in testicular function can lead to infertility, hormonal imbalances, and other health problems. Regular self-examinations and medical check-ups are recommended for early detection and treatment of any potential issues.

A Granulosa Cell Tumor is a type of sex cord-stromal tumor, which are uncommon neoplasms that arise from the supporting cells of the ovary or testis. These tumors account for approximately 5% of all ovarian tumors and can occur at any age, but they are most commonly found in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Granulosa cell tumors originate from the granulosa cells, which are normally responsible for producing estrogen and supporting the development of the egg within the ovarian follicle. These tumors can be functional, meaning they produce hormones, or nonfunctional. Functional granulosa cell tumors often secrete estrogen, leading to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, postmenopausal bleeding, and, in rare cases, the development of male characteristics (virilization) due to androgen production.

Granulosa cell tumors are typically slow-growing and can vary in size. They are often diagnosed at an early stage because they cause symptoms related to hormonal imbalances or, less commonly, due to abdominal pain or distention caused by the growing mass. The diagnosis is usually confirmed through imaging studies (such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI) and a biopsy or surgical removal of the tumor, followed by histopathological examination.

Treatment for granulosa cell tumors typically involves surgery to remove the tumor and, in some cases, adjacent organs if there is evidence of spread. The role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is less clear, but they may be used in certain situations, such as advanced-stage disease or high-risk features. Regular follow-up with imaging studies and tumor marker measurements (such as inhibin) is essential due to the risk of recurrence, even many years after initial treatment.

A Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of bone is a relatively uncommon, locally aggressive tumor that can sometimes become malignant. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells which are distributed throughout the tumor tissue. These giant cells are thought to be derived from osteoclasts, which are specialized cells responsible for bone resorption.

GCTs typically affect adults in their 20s and 30s, with a slight female predominance. The most common sites of involvement include the long bones near the knee (distal femur and proximal tibia), as well as the distal radius, sacrum, and spine.

The tumor usually presents as pain and swelling in the affected area, sometimes accompanied by restricted mobility or pathological fractures due to bone weakening. The diagnosis is typically made based on imaging studies (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI) and confirmed through a biopsy.

Treatment options for GCTs of bone may include intralesional curettage with or without the use of adjuvant therapies (like phenol, liquid nitrogen, or cement), radiation therapy, or surgical resection. In some cases, systemic treatments like denosumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting RANKL, may be used to control the growth and spread of the tumor. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor for potential recurrence, which can occur in up to 50% of cases within five years after treatment.

I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. "Dogs" is not a medical term or condition. It is the common name for a domesticated carnivore of the family Canidae, specifically the genus Canis, which includes wolves, foxes, and other extant and extinct species of mammals. Dogs are often kept as pets and companions, and they have been bred in a wide variety of forms and sizes for different purposes, such as hunting, herding, guarding, assisting police and military forces, and providing companionship and emotional support.

If you meant to ask about a specific medical condition or term related to dogs, please provide more context so I can give you an accurate answer.

Seminiferous tubules are the long, convoluted tubes within the testicles that are responsible for producing sperm in males. They are lined with specialized epithelial cells called Sertoli cells, which provide structural support and nourishment to developing sperm cells. The seminiferous tubules also contain germ cells, which divide and differentiate into spermatozoa (sperm) through the process of spermatogenesis.

The seminiferous tubules are surrounded by a thin layer of smooth muscle called the tunica albuginea, which helps to maintain the structure and integrity of the testicle. The tubules are connected to the rete testis, a network of channels that transport sperm to the epididymis for further maturation and storage before ejaculation.

Damage or dysfunction of the seminiferous tubules can lead to male infertility, as well as other reproductive health issues.

Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells, or spermatozoa, are produced in male organisms. It occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves several stages:

1. Spermatocytogenesis: This is the initial stage where diploid spermatogonial stem cells divide mitotically to produce more spermatogonia, some of which will differentiate into primary spermatocytes.
2. Meiosis: The primary spermatocytes undergo meiotic division to form haploid secondary spermatocytes, which then divide again to form haploid spermatids. This process results in the reduction of chromosome number from 46 (diploid) to 23 (haploid).
3. Spermiogenesis: The spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa, undergoing morphological changes such as the formation of a head and tail. During this stage, most of the cytoplasm is discarded, resulting in highly compacted and streamlined sperm cells.
4. Spermation: The final stage where mature sperm are released from the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis for further maturation and storage.

The entire process takes approximately 72-74 days in humans, with continuous production throughout adulthood.

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are a type of benign or rarely malignant bone tumor that is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. These tumors typically affect adults between the ages of 20 and 40, and they can occur in any bone, but they most commonly involve the long bones near the knee joint.

GCTs are composed of three types of cells: mononuclear stromal cells, which produce the matrix of the tumor; multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, which resemble the bone-resorbing cells found in normal bone; and macrophages, which are part of the body's immune system.

The mononuclear stromal cells produce a variety of growth factors that stimulate the formation and activity of the osteoclast-like giant cells, leading to localized bone destruction. The tumor may cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected area.

While GCTs are typically benign, they can be aggressive and locally destructive, with a tendency to recur after surgical removal. In some cases, GCTs may undergo malignant transformation, leading to the development of sarcomas. Treatment options for GCTs include curettage (scraping out) of the tumor, followed by bone grafting or the use of a cement spacer to fill the defect, and/or adjuvant therapy with radiation or chemotherapy.

Neoplasms, germ cell and embryonal are types of tumors that originate from the abnormal growth of cells. Here's a brief medical definition for each:

1. Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths or masses, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled cell division and may invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.
2. Germ Cell Tumors: These are rare tumors that develop from the germ cells, which give rise to sperm and eggs in the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes). They can be benign or malignant and may occur in both children and adults. Germ cell tumors can also arise outside of the reproductive organs, a condition known as extragonadal germ cell tumors.
3. Embryonal Tumors: These are a type of malignant neoplasm that primarily affects infants and young children. They develop from embryonic cells, which are immature cells present during fetal development. Embryonal tumors can occur in various organs, including the brain (medulloblastomas), nervous system (primitive neuroectodermal tumors or PNETs), and other areas like the kidneys and liver.

It is essential to note that these conditions require professional medical evaluation and treatment by healthcare professionals with expertise in oncology and related fields.

A Granular Cell Tumor (GCT) is a rare, usually benign neoplasm that can occur in various parts of the body. These tumors are typically composed of large polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, which contain numerous mitochondria. They often involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues, but they can also arise in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and other visceral organs.

Granular Cell Tumors are thought to originate from Schwann cells, which are nerve sheath cells, although their exact origin is still a matter of debate. They usually present as solitary, slow-growing nodules or masses that are often painless, but they can become symptomatic if they involve sensitive areas or if they undergo malignant transformation, which occurs in about 1-2% of cases.

The diagnosis of Granular Cell Tumors is usually made based on histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen. Immunohistochemical staining can be used to confirm the Schwann cell origin of these tumors, as they typically express S-100 protein and other markers of neural differentiation.

Treatment options for Granular Cell Tumors depend on their location, size, and behavior. Solitary, benign tumors can often be excised surgically with a wide margin to reduce the risk of recurrence. However, malignant tumors or those that cannot be completely removed may require more aggressive treatment, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up is recommended to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

The seminiferous epithelium is a specialized type of epithelial tissue that lines the seminiferous tubules within the testes. It is composed of various cell types, including germ cells in different stages of development (spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids) and supportive cells called Sertoli cells.

The primary function of the seminiferous epithelium is to support sperm production (spermatogenesis). The Sertoli cells provide structural support and nourishment to the developing germ cells, helping them to differentiate into mature spermatozoa (sperm). This process involves a series of complex cellular events, including mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis.

In addition to its role in sperm production, the seminiferous epithelium also plays a crucial part in maintaining the blood-testis barrier, which separates the testicular environment from the systemic circulation. This barrier helps protect developing germ cells from potential immune attacks and maintains an optimal microenvironment for spermatogenesis.

A Sertoli cell tumour, also Sertoli cell tumor (US spelling), is a sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour of Sertoli cells. They can ... A tumor that produces both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells is known as a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. In males, Sertoli cell ... cell tumour Micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour Androgen-dependent syndromes Leydig cell tumour Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour ... a Sertoli cell tumour appears as a hypoechoic intratesticular lesion which is usually solitary. However, the large cell subtype ...
... is a group of tumors composed of variable proportions of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and in the ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour (a sex-cord stromal tumor), is a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor and is a member of the sex ... High magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain. High magnification micrograph of a Sertoli cell tumour. H&E ... Androgen-dependent syndromes Leydig cell tumour Sertoli cell tumour WHO, 2003[verification needed] Sachdeva, Poonam; Arora, ...
A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour is a combination of a Leydig cell tumour and a Sertoli cell tumour from Sertoli cells. The ... Androgen-dependent syndromes Sertoli cell tumour Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour Zhengshan Chen, M.D., Ph.D., Manju Aron, M.D. " ... Leydig cell tumour, also Leydig cell tumor (US spelling), (testicular) interstitial cell tumour and (testicular) interstitial ... Presence of an ovarian tumour plus hormonal disturbances suggests a Leydig cell tumour, granulosa cell tumour or thecoma. ...
Diseases that anteaters suffer from include physiological diseases like Sertoli cell tumors, physical injuries such as burns ... "Metastatic Sertoli cell tumour in a captive giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 204: ... such as programmed cell death at very low levels of DNA damage. The silky anteater and both of the tamanduas are classified as ... "Parallel evolution of reduced cancer risk and tumor suppressor duplications in Xenarthra". eLife. 11. doi:10.7554/eLife.82558. ...
Testicular tumors such as Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors (such as in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) and hCG-secreting ... Gourgari, E; Saloustros, E; Stratakis, CA (August 2012). "Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors of the testes in pediatrics ... Gourgari, Evgenia; Saloustros, Emmanouil; Stratakis, Constantine A. (August 2012). "Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors ... Other tumors such as adrenal tumors, pituitary gland tumors (such as a prolactinoma), or lung cancer, can produce hormones that ...
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour is part of the sex cord-stromal tumour group of ovarian neoplasms. These tumors produce both Sertoli ... Sertoli cell-only syndrome Sertoli cell nodule List of distinct cell types in the adult human body synd/518 at Who Named It? ... the Sertoli cell has also been called the "mother" or "nurse" cell. Sertoli cells also act as phagocytes, consuming the ... Sertoli cells are also able to inhibit the migration of immune cells by lowering immune cell infiltration to the site of ...
"Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) is a condition that results in a mild impairment of the cell's ability to respond ...
"Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... germ cell malignancy) in adulthood if gonadectomy is not performed. The risk of malignant germ cell tumors in women with CAIS ... The risk of malignant germ cell tumors in women with CAIS increases with age and has been estimated to be 3.6% at 25 years and ... However, only three cases of malignant germ cell tumors in prepubescent girls with CAIS have been reported in the last 100 ...
"Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... PAIS is associated with a 50% risk of germ cell malignancy when the testes are undescended. If the testes are located ... Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is a condition that results in the partial inability of the cell to respond to ... If the testes are located intrascrotally, there may still be significant risk of germ cell malignancy; studies have not yet ...
"Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... "Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... Sertoli cells within the testes secrete anti-Müllerian hormone around this time to suppress the development of the Müllerian ... Such de novo mutations are the result of a germ cell mutation or germ cell mosaicism in the gonads of one of the parents, or a ...
December 2007). "Testicular adrenal rest tumors and Leydig and Sertoli cell function in boys with classical congenital adrenal ... when the embryo has developed from one cell to about 4 to 6 cells, one of those cells is removed from the embryo without ... Meanwhile, the removed cell is analyzed to determine if the embryo has CAH. If the embryo is determined to have CAH, the ... Tuladhar S, Katwal S, Joshi HO, Yadav B, Bhusal A, Bhandari S (December 2023). "Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) secondary ...
Sertoli cell tumour. This tumour produces Sertoli cells, which normally are found in the testicle. This tumour occurs in both ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour. This tumour produces both Sertoli and Leydig cells. Although both cell types normally occur in the ... Low magnification micrograph of a Sertoli cell tumour. H&E stain. High magnification micrograph of a Sertoli cell tumour. H&E ... For diagnosis of granulosa cell tumour, inhibin is under investigation.[citation needed] Granulosa cell tumors and Sertoli- ...
Rare AFP-secreting tumor types include carcinoma in a mixed Müllerian tumor. The Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, which itself is ... Rarely, high MSAFP is due to endodermal sinus tumor (EST) or another germ cell tumor containing EST. These tumors can occur in ... and other germ cell tumors) may in fact be mixed tumors containing elements of endodermal sinus tumor. AFP is normally elevated ... Watanabe T, Yamada H, Morimura Y, Abe M, Motoyama T, Sato A (June 2008). "Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous ...
... especially Sertoli cell tumors. The incidence of testicular cancer is 13.6 times higher in dogs with abdominally retained ... the cells in the testes differentiate into testosterone-producing Leydig cells, and anti-Müllerian hormone-producing Sertoli ... The peak age for this tumor is 15-45 years old. The most common tumor developing in an undescended testis is a seminoma (65%); ... increased risk of testicular germ-cell tumors, and psychological problems when fully-grown. Undescended testes are also more ...
... arrows indicate location of Leydig cells Sertoli cell Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour List of human cell types derived from the germ ... Leydig cells may grow uncontrollably and form a Leydig cell tumour. These may be hormonally active, i.e. secrete testosterone. ... A Leydig cell tumour in a child usually causes precocious puberty. About 10% of boys with the tumour have gynecomastia. ... While any age is susceptible to a Leydig cell tumour, Leydig cell tumours are more common in people aged 5 to 10 and 30 to 35. ...
"Primary amenorrhea in a young Polish woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor: ... Headache, vomiting, and vision changes can be signs of a tumor and needs evaluation with MRI. Finally, a history of gynecologic ... Elevated androgens can also be present in ovarian or adrenal tumors, so additional imaging may also be needed. History of ... failure of the ovary to receive or maintain egg cells, or delay in pubertal development. Secondary amenorrhoea, ceasing of ...
... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C13.371.820.800.418.685.765 - thecoma MeSH C13.371.820.800.418.875 - uterine neoplasms MeSH ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C13.371.056.630.705.765 - thecoma MeSH C13.371.056.750 - pelvic inflammatory disease MeSH ... brenner tumor MeSH C13.371.056.630.705.331 - carcinoma, endometrioid MeSH C13.371.056.630.705.398 - granulosa cell tumor MeSH ... renal cell MeSH C13.371.820.800.820.535.585 - wilms tumor MeSH C13.371.820.800.820.535.585.220 - denys-drash syndrome MeSH ...
... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C19.344.410.765 - thecoma MeSH C19.344.421.249 - adenoma, islet cell MeSH C19.344.421.249.500 - ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C19.344.894.800 - thyroid nodule MeSH C19.391.482.293 - eunuchism MeSH C19.391.482.600 - ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C19.391.630.705.765 - thecoma MeSH C19.391.775.129 - adrenogenital syndrome MeSH C19.391.775.260 ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C19.642.355.239 - hyperparathyroidism, primary MeSH C19.642.355.480 - hyperparathyroidism, ...
... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C12.294.365.700 - infertility, male MeSH C12.294.365.700.508 - oligospermia MeSH C12.294.494.136 ... renal cell MeSH C12.740.800.820.750.585 - wilms tumor MeSH C12.740.800.820.750.585.220 - denys-drash syndrome MeSH C12.740. ... renal cell MeSH C12.777.419.473.585 - wilms tumor MeSH C12.777.419.473.585.220 - denys-drash syndrome MeSH C12.777.419.473. ...
Testis, Sex Cord Stromal Tumor - eMedicine. Govender, D.; Sing, Y.; Chetty, R. (2004). "Sertoli cell nodules in the undescended ... A Sertoli cell nodule is a benign proliferation of Sertoli cells that arises in association with cryptorchidism (undescended ... Micrograph of a Sertoli cell nodule. H&E stain. Micrograph of a Sertoli cell nodule. H&E stain. Tadrous, Paul J. (2007). ... "Giant Sertoli cell nodule of the testis: Distinction from other Sertoli cell lesions". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 59 (11): ...
... including estrogen-producing granulosa cell tumor, the benign thecoma, and virilizing Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor or ... Germ cell tumors of the ovary develop from the ovarian germ cells. Germ cell tumor accounts for about 30% of ovarian tumors, ... The ovary is made up of three different cell types including epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. When these cells ... endometrioid tumor, clear-cell tumor, mucinous tumor, and undifferentiated or unclassified tumors. Annually worldwide, 230,000 ...
... data has found the gene's mRNAs are mostly found in the nucleus of Sertoli cells, with low expression in Leydig cells. The gene ... The gene has been found to interact with FAT3, a tumor suppressor gene, as well as INTS2 a gene that is involved in snRNA ... has also been found in other germ cell tumors. In addition the gene's primary transcript contains several miRNA binding sites, ... Cell,39(3), 499-509. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90457-4 Prediction of post-translational glycosylation and phosphorylation of ...
Sertoli cells, microglia. IL-1ra is synthesized as a preprotein containing a classical 25 amino acid long signal sequence that ... Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 01 Jan 1993: Vol. ... IL-18 stimulates IFN-γ production by T cells and NK cells. It acts either independently or synergizes with IL-12, which may ... NK cells, microglia, and epithelial cells. They form an important part of the inflammatory response of the body against ...
... cell tumor Leydig cell tumor Sertoli cell tumor Sertoli cell tumor Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor Granulosa cell ... germ cell tumors Polyembryoma Diffuse embryoma Germ cell tumors of unknown type Regressed germ cell tumors Germ cell tumors ... tumor Adult granulosa cell tumor Juvenile granulosa cell tumor The fibroma thecoma family of tumors Thecoma Fibroma Mixed and ... cord-stromal tumors Mixed sex cord-stromal tumor Signet ring stromal tumor Myoid gonadal stromal tumor Sex cord-stromal tumor ...
Pflug, B. & Djakiew, D. (1998). Expression of p75NTR in a human prostate epithelial tumor cell line reduces NGF induced cell ... Djakiew, D. & Onoda, M. (1993). Multichamber Cell Culture and Directional Secretion. In "The Sertoli Cell", Eds L. Russell & M ... the role of the p75NTR as a tumor suppressor in prostate epithelial cells and that loss of p75NTR mRNA stability in tumor cells ... was shown to induce re-expression of p75NTR in tumor cells and induce apoptotic cell death. Djakiew received the young ...
Testicular cancer, particularly Sertoli cell type, is associated with Carney syndrome. Thyroid and pancreas cancer may also ... diastolic rumble and tumor plop. Myxomas may also occur outside the heart, usually in the skin and breast. Endocrine tumors may ... In 1914 an American neurosurgeon, Harvey Cushing, reported on a patient with a pituitary tumour on whom he had operated. The ... which may function as a tumor-suppressor gene. The encoded protein is a type 1A regulatory subunit of protein kinase A. ...
In the male, the FSH receptor has been identified on the Sertoli cells that are critical for spermatogenesis. The FSHR is ... FSH receptor is selectively expressed on the surface of the blood vessels of a wide range of carcinogenic tumors. Upregulation ... For a cell to respond to FSH, only a small percentage (~1%) of receptor sites need to be activated.[citation needed] Cyclic AMP ... DNA in the cell nucleus binds to phosphorylated proteins through the cyclic AMP response element (CRE), which results in the ...
The sertoli cells are pushed toward the lumen by the neoplastic germ cells, and spermatogenesis is almost always absent in the ... Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) represents the precursor lesion for many types of testicular germ cell tumors. The term ... Not all germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise from intratubular germ cell neoplasia. The following testicular GCTs do not arise from ... Chemotherapy used for metastatic germ cell tumours may also eradicate GCNIS. Carcinoma in situ Germ cell tumor ITGCN. H&E stain ...
Non-immune cells of the testis such as Sertoli cells and Leydig cells also able to respond to bacteria. During a bacterial ... Lysiak JJ (2004). "The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 in the mammalian testis and their involvement in ... Selawry HP, Cameron DF (1993). "Sertoli cell-enriched fractions in successful islet cell transplantation". Cell Transplantation ... T-lymphocytes (T-cells) are white blood cells which take part in cell-mediated immunity. They are often found within tissues ...
... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C04.557.475.750.847.249 - leydig cell tumor MeSH C04.557.475.750.847.500 - sertoli cell tumor ... giant cell tumors MeSH C04.557.450.565.380.380 - giant cell tumor of bone MeSH C04.557.450.565.465 - mastocytosis MeSH C04.557. ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C04.588.322.894 - thyroid neoplasms MeSH C04.588.322.894.800 - thyroid nodule MeSH C04.588. ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C04.588.322.455.765 - thecoma MeSH C04.588.322.490 - paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes MeSH ...
A Sertoli cell tumour, also Sertoli cell tumor (US spelling), is a sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour of Sertoli cells. They can ... A tumor that produces both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells is known as a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. In males, Sertoli cell ... cell tumour Micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour Androgen-dependent syndromes Leydig cell tumour Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour ... a Sertoli cell tumour appears as a hypoechoic intratesticular lesion which is usually solitary. However, the large cell subtype ...
This very rare ovarian tumor is typically benign (noncancerous), but can result in serious health complications. ... Giant Cell Bone Tumors. Glomus Tumor. Granulosa Cell Tumor. Kaposi sarcoma. Kidney Tumors. Liver Tumors. Lung Tumors. Malignant ... Typesof Tumors. Benign Tumors. Bladder Tumors. Bone Tumors. Brain Stem Glioma. Brain Tumor. Breast Tumors. Brenner Tumors. ... Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor. Ependymoma. Ewings Sarcoma. Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor. Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor. ...
Testicular Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs) are rare, and most fall into the category of SCT-not otherwise specified (SCT-NOS). Only ... Immunophenotypic comparison of testicular sclerosing Sertoli cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors not otherwise specified Hum ... Testicular Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs) are rare, and most fall into the category of SCT-not otherwise specified (SCT-NOS). Only ... Keywords: Immunohistochemistry; PAX8 and PAX2; Receptors, androgen; Sertoli cells; Testicular neoplasms; β-Catenin. ...
Malignant Sertoli cell tumor in the retained abdominal testis of a unilaterally cryptorchid horse published on 15 Feb 2003 by ... Malignant Sertoli cell tumor in the retained abdominal testis of a unilaterally cryptorchid horse ... Cell-surface lactoferrin as a marker for degranulation of specific granules in bovine neutrophils ... Cell-surface lactoferrin as a marker for degranulation of specific granules in bovine neutrophils ...
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) and Karyotype 47, XXY, with Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor: Description of a Rare ... Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome; Klinefelter syndrome; Sertoli/Leydig cell tumor; Hormone Replacement therapy; Endocrinology ... presenting a Sertoli/Leydig cell tumor discovered during the gonadectomy. Materials and Methods: Patient(s): Patient with 36 ... with Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor: Description of a Rare Case. Ann Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019; 2(1): 1011. ...
Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor is a rare sex cord stromal tumor variant, with 16 cases reported in the English literature. We ... Sertoli cell tumor is a potential histologic mimic of other tumors, such as seminoma due to similar histology and overlapping ... Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor without expression of typical sex cord stromal tumor markers: case report and literature review. ... and awareness of antigenically unreactive tumors is needed to avoid confusion between Sertoli cell tumor and other entities. ...
The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. ...
... theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts of stromal origin, singly or in various combinations. According to ... Granulosa-stromal cell tumors Granulosa cell tumor gro... ... the WHO, sex cord-stromal tumors are classified into the ... Definition Sex cord-stromal tumors are groups of tumors composed of granulosa cells, ... Adult granulosa cell tumor and Sertoli cell tumor may also resemble SCTAT, but typical areas of granulosa cell tumor or Sertoli ...
sertoli-leydig cell tumor, ovarian hilus cell hyperplasia, postmenopausal virilization, sex-cord-stromal tumors Abstract. ... Ovarian Hilus Cell Hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a Patient with Postmenopausal Virilization: a Rare Case Report ... Ertan B, Ozgozen E, Ilgen O, Bulbul G, Saatli B, Ulukus C. Ovarian Hilus Cell Hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a ... The final pathology showed a poorly differentiated Sertoli Leydig cell tumor at the right ovary and hilus cell hyperplasia at ...
Lashkari HP, Nash R, Albanese A, Okoye B, Millar R, Pritchard-Jones K. Treatment of high risk Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors of the ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms. We report two unusual cases with bilateral SLCTs suggesting evidence of ... abstract = "Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms. We report two unusual cases with bilateral SLCTs suggesting ... N2 - Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms. We report two unusual cases with bilateral SLCTs suggesting ...
... most commonly certain types of tumors that occur in the lungs, kidneys, ovaries , and thyroid (a butterfly-shaped gland in the ... DICER1 syndrome is also associated with tumors in the ovaries known as Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which typically develop in ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors usually do not metastasize.. People with DICER1 syndrome are also at risk of multinodular goiter, ... Some Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors release the male sex hormone testosterone; in these cases, affected women may develop facial ...
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor:complications, Testosterone:metabolism, Virilism:etiology,. : Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare and ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary--morphological and immunohistochemical analysis.. Durdík Š, Danihel L, Galbavý Š. ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary--morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2012 Jan; 33(3 ... This work summarizes the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this tumor in a 56-year old woman with ...
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. *Small cell carcinoma of ovary. *Pancreatic islet cell tumor ... Tumor type is suggestive of a specific cancer predisposition syndrome (e.g., adrenocortical carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma or ... This gene, often called a tumor suppressor gene, cannot protect cells from becoming cancerous when it isnt working properly. ... A tumor suppressor gene, when working properly, encodes proteins that prevent the growth and development of tumors in the human ...
Leydig cell tumor. Ovarian neoplasms. Ovary. Postmenopause. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors. Stromal ... Tumor de células de Leydig. Tumor de células de Sertoli-Leydig. Tumores do estroma gonadal e dos cordões sexuais. Virilismo. ... Virilizing ovarian tumors (VOT) and ovarian stromal hyperthecosis (OH) are the most common hyperandrogenism etiologies in the ... hormonal profile and radiological studies in the differential diagnosis of the virilizing ovary tumor and ovarian stromal ...
A sex cord stromal tumor of the testis that is composed of an intratubular neoplastic proliferation of large Sertoli cells and ... Accepted: intratubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell neoplasia or intratubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell tumor ... Intratubular large cell hyalinizing Sertoli cell neoplasia *Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell neoplasm *Sertoli cell nodule ... ICD-O: 8640/1 - Sertoli cell tumor, NOS * ICD-10: D29.20 - benign Sertoli cell tumor of testis *ICD-11: unknown ...
Cancer of the testis, sertoli cell tumor. *Sertoli cell tumor of testis ... rete cell (M8140/0) 222.0. *. Sertoli cell (M8640/0)*. with lipid storage (M8641/0)*. specified site - see Neoplasm, by site, ... Tumor (M8000/1) - see also Neoplasm, by site, unspecified nature*. Leydig cell (M8650/1)*. benign (M8650/0)*. specified site - ... Leydig cell*. tumor (M8650/1)*. benign (M8650/0)*. specified site - see Neoplasm, by site, benign ...
Patients with PJS can develop large calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCSTs). Case presentation A patient presented at 3 years of ... knockdown of LKB1 expression in HCC cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and subcutaneous tumor growth by promoting cell ... We detected the tumor-specific TP53 mutation in the plasma cell-free DNA from two oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, and ... negative regulation of cell growth - negative regulation of cell proliferation - negative regulation of epithelial cell ...
... and endocrine and nonendocrine tumors. (See Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Clinical Presentation. ... Isolated large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor in a young boy, not associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome or Carney complex ... testicular Sertoli-cell tumors; and, possibly, other benign and malignant neoplasms and conditions, including tumors of the ... 17] psammomatous melanotic schwannomas, and Sertoli cell tumors of the testis, also may be observed. Impaired fertility has ...
Other tumors of nongerminal origin include Leydigs cell tumors, Sertolis cell tumors and gonadoblas-toma. Serum AFP is ... Leydigs cells produce testosterone, and 30 percent of patients with Leydigs cell tumors present with gynecomastia. The ... Some nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) can also spread hematogenously and present with pulmonary manifestations. ... An elevated AFP level implies NSGCT or mixed tumor. About one half of NSGCT and mixed tumors will secrete beta HCG, as will ...
Histopathology of the testicle showed both a Sertoli cell tumor and seminoma with invasion of neoplastic Sertoli cells into ... Given history, a Sertoli cell tumor is the primary differential diagnosis, with other testicular neoplasms considered less ... Post, K. and S.H. Kilborn, Canine sertoli cell tumor: a medical records search and literature review. Can Vet J, 1987. 28(7): p ... Sertoli cell tumors and seminomas rarely exhibit regional or distant metastasis, though local invasion is common. ...
For treating testicle tumor; grape seed and intake of water or milk with dandelion root is effective. ... There are two main types of testicular tumors known as Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors. Both tumors may tend to ... As the abnormal growth of cells in the brain leads of brain tumor, similarly, the uncharacteristic d... ... Tumors around the testicular area are considered to be one of the most promising signs of being affected by testicular cancer. ...
DICER1 mutations in familial multinodular goiter with and without ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. Journal of the American ... rthle cell neoplasm/suspicious for Hürthle cell neoplasm; (v) suspicious for malignancy (susp); and (vi) malignant. ... To make a satisfactory FNAC, at least six to eight cell clusters are required in two slides. ATA recommends FNAC to be reported ... Chronic stimulation of follicular cells primarily due to TSH leads to follicular hyperplasia, which usually then enters a ...
GROSS: TESTES: SERTOLI CELL TUMOR. Author. Peter Anderson. Posted on. Tuesday 6 August 2013. ...
Common phenotypes of DICER1 syndrome include PPB, MNG, cystic nephroma and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour. ... Mosaicism is a phenomenon where two genetically distinct populations of cells arise following postzygotic acquisition in one ... cell of a de novo mutation.2 DICER1 syndrome is a paediatric multitumour predisposition syndrome caused typically by germline ...
The two main types of stromal tumors are Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors. Stromal tumors usually occur during ... Nonseminoma tumors are often made up of more than one type of cell, and are identified according to these different cell types: ... Yolk sac tumor. A stromal tumor is a rare type of testicular tumor. They are usually not cancerous. ... Stage of the tumor. Once cancer is found, the first step is to determine the type of cancer cell by examining it under a ...
UTROSCT lacks FOXL2 and DICER1 mutations, which are found in granulosa cell tumors and Sertoli Leydig cell tumors of the ovary ... lipidized cells, Leydig-like cells, stromal cells with infiltrative growth, and solid sheets of smooth muscle-like cells. ... The tumor consists of sex cord-like and mesenchymal differentiation with various possible components, including Sertoli-like ... Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor: A Distinct Entity Characterized by Recurrent NCOA2/3 Gene Fusions. Am J Surg ...
sertoli cell tumors, interstitial cell tumors and seminomas. To cure testicle tumor, chemotherapy and blood transfusions is ... Canine testicular tumor can be of three types viz. ... interstitial cell tumors and seminomas. Sertoli cell tumors are ... Interstitial tumors are not much of a problem as there is no oestrogen production as in the case of sertoli cell tumors. ... In the case of sertoli cell tumors and seminomas, once the tumor has been removed the oestrogen production goes down ...
  • A Sertoli cell tumour, also Sertoli cell tumor (US spelling), is a sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour of Sertoli cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sertoli-Lydig cell tumors (SLCTs), also known as androblastoma or arrhenoblastoma , are a type of sex cord-stromal tumor that originates in the ovaries. (knowcancer.com)
  • Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor without expression of typical sex cord stromal tumor markers: case report and literature review. (qxmd.com)
  • Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor is a rare sex cord stromal tumor variant, with 16 cases reported in the English literature. (qxmd.com)
  • Sex cord-stromal tumors are groups of tumors composed of granulosa cells, theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts of stromal origin, singly or in various combinations. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] sex cord-stromal tumors are classified into the following categories. (medscape.com)
  • Sex cord-stromal tumors account for approximately 8% of all ovarian tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Although various markers have been reported to stain sex cord-stromal tumors (eg, CD99, CD56, A103, müllerian inhibiting factor, vimentin), inhibin and calretinin have proven to be the most helpful to date. (medscape.com)
  • CD56 is a sensitive marker of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and may also be useful in the diagnosis of this group of neoplasms, especially in cases that are inhibin or calretinin negative, and the differential diagnosis includes neoplasms that are CD56 negative. (medscape.com)
  • A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
  • Virilizing ovarian tumors (VOT) and ovarian stromal hyperthecosis (OH) are the most common hyperandrogenism etiologies in the postmenopausal women. (usp.br)
  • A stromal tumor is a rare type of testicular tumor. (mountsinai.org)
  • The two main types of stromal tumors are Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors. (mountsinai.org)
  • Stromal tumors usually occur during childhood. (mountsinai.org)
  • The tumor consists of sex cord-like and mesenchymal differentiation with various possible components, including Sertoli-like tubules, nested granulosa-like architecture, retiform growth, lipidized cells, Leydig-like cells, stromal cells with infiltrative growth, and solid sheets of smooth muscle-like cells. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • The differential diagnosis includes endometrial stromal tumor with sex cord-like differentiation, endometrial carcinoma with sex cord-like differentiation, adenosarcoma with extensive sex cord-like differentiation, and mesonephric adenocarcinoma. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm rarely described in the veterinary routine. (ufrgs.br)
  • Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • Stromal tumors of the ovary include germ-cell tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, and other more rare types. (medscape.com)
  • Patterns of metastasis in sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: can routine staging lymphadenectomy be omitted? (cancercentrum.se)
  • Patterns of spread and recurrence of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • A tumor that produces both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells is known as a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour Micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour Androgen-dependent syndromes Leydig cell tumour Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour Sertoli cell nodule Young, Robert H. (2005-01-01). (wikipedia.org)
  • Objective: To report the rare case of a patient with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) (47, XXY) presenting a Sertoli/Leydig cell tumor discovered during the gonadectomy. (remedypublications.com)
  • We present a case report regarding a 71-year-old woman with postmenopausal virilization caused by ovarian hilus cell hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor who was suffered from hair loss, clitoromegaly and hirsutism. (aejog.com)
  • The final pathology showed a poorly differentiated Sertoli Leydig cell tumor at the right ovary and hilus cell hyperplasia at the left ovary. (aejog.com)
  • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which are relatively less common, are extremely rare to be seen in the postmenopausal period. (aejog.com)
  • What distinguishes this case from others is that Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and hilus cell hyperplasia may cause virilization symptoms together, in addition to its prevalence in advanced age. (aejog.com)
  • Ertan B, Ozgozen E, Ilgen O, Bulbul G, Saatli B, Ulukus C. Ovarian Hilus Cell Hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a Patient with Postmenopausal Virilization: a Rare Case Report. (aejog.com)
  • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms. (manipal.edu)
  • DICER1 syndrome is also associated with tumors in the ovaries known as Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which typically develop in affected women in their teens or twenties. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors usually do not metastasize. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are two main types of testicular tumors known as Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Common phenotypes of DICER1 syndrome include PPB, MNG, cystic nephroma and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour. (bmj.com)
  • UTROSCT lacks FOXL2 and DICER1 mutations, which are found in granulosa cell tumors and Sertoli Leydig cell tumors of the ovary, respectively. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • The patient aged 14 at time of partial thyroidectomy later manifested a Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor at age 15. (hypothes.is)
  • Tumor formation generally start in cells in leydig cells in the testis that normally make male sex hormones. (planetayurveda.net)
  • The normal sertoli cells generally support and nourish the sperm making germ cells and the same like leydig cells do not respond well to chemotherapy or radiation. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Both Sertoli cell tumors and Leydig tumors have a good prognosis if they have not spread. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • The term "ovarian cancer" is often used to describe cancers that begin in the cells in the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum. (cancer.net)
  • Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • A current perspective on the pathological assessment of FOXL2 in adult-type granulosa cell tumours of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The prevalence and prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Prognostic impact of lymphadenectomy in clinically early stage malignant germ cell tumour of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Pectasides D, Pectasides E, Psyrri A. Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Retroperitoneal nodal metastasis in primary and recurrent granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Ayhan A, Salman MC, Velipasaoglu M, Sakinci M, Yuce K. Prognostic factors in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of patients with adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Sertoli cell tumors and seminomas rarely exhibit regional or distant metastasis, though local invasion is common. (acvr.org)
  • In case there is a suspicion of canine testicular cancer, a chest and abdominal x-ray will be required to look out for metastasis of the tumor. (pethealthandcare.com)
  • 2005). Malignant Seminoma with Metastasis, Sertoli Cell Tumor, and Pheochromocytoma in a Spotted Dolphin ( Stenella frontalis ) and Malignant Seminoma with Metastasis in a Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) . (oregonstate.edu)
  • While seminomas and interstitial cell tumors are generally benign, Sertoli cell tumors have a high rate of metastasis. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • Garcia-Puche, Jose L. Abstract: An otherwise normal 48-year-old man had malignant large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testis. (ulpgc.es)
  • Specifically, cryptorchid testicles have an increased risk of developing seminomas and Sertoli cell tumors. (acvr.org)
  • Canine testicular tumors that can be cancerous are of three kinds: sertoli cell tumors, interstitial cell tumors and seminomas. (pethealthandcare.com)
  • In the case of sertoli cell tumors and seminomas, once the tumor has been removed the oestrogen production goes down considerably. (pethealthandcare.com)
  • These germ cell tumors are divided into seminomas and nonseminomas. (planetayurveda.net)
  • less than 5% of these tumors are malignant (cancerous). (knowcancer.com)
  • This gene, often called a tumor suppressor gene, cannot protect cells from becoming cancerous when it isn't working properly. (choa.org)
  • This tumor can turn cancerous and spread to the abdomen, thymus, the lungs and even the brain. (pethealthandcare.com)
  • A tumor can be cancerous or benign. (cancer.net)
  • A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow, invade, and spread to other parts of the body. (cancer.net)
  • Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCT) occur in 75% of male CNC patients, leading to gynecomastia in prepubertal boys, and various ovarian cancers have been found in women. (logicalimages.com)
  • Our case and, to our knowledge, the only other reported case of malignant large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor had clinical and histopathological features related to aggressiveness, such as unusual patient age, large tumor size, cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic rate, necrosis and aneuploid deoxyribonucleic acid. (ulpgc.es)
  • Such characteristics are not found in benign large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors. (ulpgc.es)
  • In dogs diagnosed with testicular neoplasia, anywhere from 4-20% of cases will have multiple primary tumors, as seen in this case. (acvr.org)
  • Incidence and occurrence of second primary tumors. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Testicular cancer is a condition in which the unusual cell grows out of control in the tissue of one or both of the testes. (planetayurveda.net)
  • PJS is autosomal-dominant condition caused by mutations of STK11, characterized by gastrointestinal polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation, and predisposition to a range of epithelial cancers: including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, breast, ovarian cancers and sex cord tumors with annular tubules). (cancerindex.org)
  • The mutation increases the overall risk for affected children to develop cancer or a number of benign tumors, especially at younger ages. (choa.org)
  • Mosaicism is a phenomenon where two genetically distinct populations of cells arise following postzygotic acquisition in one cell of a de novo mutation. (bmj.com)
  • Most (66 to 94%) cases appear to be caused by a germline mutation of the STK11/LKB1 (serine/threonine kinase 11) tumor suppressor gene. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tumors around the testicular area are considered to be one of the most promising signs of being affected by testicular cancer. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • The tumors that form in almost 90 percent of testicular cancer cases will be painless, but some patients may experience a heavy sensation in the scrotum area. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Testicular cancer treatment in dog first involves diagnosis and this is done by an examination by the veterinarian who will need to know the history of the dog and pathological findings are based on an examination of the removed tumor under a microscope or by conducting a biopsy. (pethealthandcare.com)
  • Some dogs can develop anemia, especially if they suffer from some severe types of testicular cancer, in which cases the bone marrow is affected and the production of red blood cells decreases. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • C: Tumor either Stage IA or Stage IB, but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, or with capsule ruptured, or with ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor involving one or both ovaries with peritoneal implants outside the pelvis and/or positive retroperitoneal or inguinal nodes. (medscape.com)
  • B. Tumor of one or both ovaries with histologically confirmed implants of abdominal peritoneal surfaces, none exceeding 2 cm in diameter. (medscape.com)
  • Because the surfaces of the ovaries, the lining of the fallopian tubes, and the covering cells of the peritoneum are made up of the same types of cells, most of these diseases look alike under a microscope. (cancer.net)
  • Sclerosing SCT (S-SCT), originally described in 1991, comprises a small fraction of SCTs and was considered a specific entity until the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of non-germ cell tumors, where it was classified as a morphologic variant of SCT-NOS. (nih.gov)
  • These cancers grow from germ cells, the cells that make sperm. (mountsinai.org)
  • Greater than 95%of testicular cancers start with germ cells. (planetayurveda.net)
  • They contain eggs, also called germ cells. (cancer.net)
  • Pauniaho SL, Salonen J, Helminen M, Vettenranta K, Heikinheimo M, Heikinheimo O. The incidences of malignant gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in males and females: a population-based study covering over 40 years in Finland. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Conservative surgery to preserve ovarian function in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The variations found were recorded in a spreadsheet of the program Microsoft Excel®, and then grouped up into categories according to criteria described in the literature (Raskin & Meyer 2003), which are: normal or hyperplasic tissue, cystic formation, inflammation, response to tissue injury, tumors and nondiagnostic sample. (vin.com)
  • The genetic changes that cause this syndrome are found in the DICER1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene. (choa.org)
  • This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)
  • it is thought to function as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene with the loss of one allele leading to tumor progression but loss of both alleles having an inhibitory effect for tumor development implying that one intact allele is needed for cell survival8. (hypothes.is)
  • DICER1 syndrome, also known as DICER1-pleuropulmonary blastoma familial tumor predisposition syndrome, is a condition in which an individual is born with genetic changes that predispose him or her to develop benign and malignant tumors during childhood, through adolescence and, rarely, as an adult. (choa.org)
  • H&E, 40x & 200x magnifications): Retiform architecture of epithelioid cells with hyaline material resembling a sex cord-like structure. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor: A Distinct Entity Characterized by Recurrent NCOA2/3 Gene Fusions. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • Among the cancers, a study with 150 dogs of both genders and of different races, found that 74 (49.3%) were mesenchymal, 26 (17.3%) epithelial, seven (4.7%) of neuroectodermal origin, seven (4.7%) of sexual cord and interstitium, 16 (10.7%) were transmissible venereal tumors, and 20 (13.3%) were cancers of mammary glands (Magalhães et al . (vin.com)
  • They increase the tumor marker protein called alpha fetoprotein as well as HCG. (planetayurveda.net)
  • This type also increases the alpha fetoprotein levels in tumors. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Affected individuals can develop one or more types of tumors, and members of the same family can have different types. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All of these types of tumors modify the quantity and type of hormones that are circulating in the dog's bloodstream , for which reason the animal changes his or her behavior. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • It has many synonyms like endodermal sinus tumor, infantile embryonal carcinoma and orchid blastoma. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Ovulatory surges of human CG prevent hormone-induced granulosa cell tumor formation leading to the identification of tumor-associated changes in the transcriptome. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Ovarian granulosa cell tumor and increased risk of breast cancer. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Most of the testicular cancers arise from germinal cell tumors and spread rapidly. (planetayurveda.net)
  • These Are the less developed cancers with cells that appear like embryos in their early stages. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
  • Mixed mesenchymal and epithelial tumors are of Mullerian origin. (cytojournal.com)
  • most individuals with genetic changes associated with this condition never develop tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with DICER1 syndrome who develop tumors most commonly develop pleuropulmonary blastoma, which is characterized by tumors that grow in lung tissue or in the outer covering of the lungs (the pleura). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Not all individuals with a diagnosis of DICER1 syndrome will develop tumors or cancer. (choa.org)
  • Malignant tumors may require further chemotherapy or radiation therapy following the operation. (knowcancer.com)
  • Rare malignant tumors require resection, as well as, possibly, adjunctive therapy and referral to an oncologist. (medscape.com)
  • In males, Sertoli cell tumours typically present as a testicular mass or firmness, and their presence may be accompanied by gynaecomastia (25%) if they produce oestrogens, or precocious pseudopuberty in young boys, especially if they produce androgens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since these tumors are typically benign and their growth is slow, outlook is generally very positive. (knowcancer.com)
  • We present an unusual case of sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor in a 33-year-old Caucasian male, which was negative or weakly reactive using immunohistochemical markers typically positive in Sertoli cell tumors. (qxmd.com)
  • Endocrine tumors typically involve the adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and testicles. (logicalimages.com)
  • Expression of PAX2/PAX8 in S-SCT may reflect an overactive epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as has been shown in experimental models of acute and chronic seminiferous tubular injury and might be related to the process generating the stroma in these tumors. (nih.gov)
  • Solitary tumors of the uterus which arise de novo from the mesenchymal cells of the myometrium. (brainscape.com)
  • As a result, cells from the tumor must be biopsied (excised) and studied under a microscope for an accurate diagnosis. (knowcancer.com)
  • Given history, a Sertoli cell tumor is the primary differential diagnosis, with other testicular neoplasms considered less likely. (acvr.org)
  • A part from that, in 1917 Papanicolaou began researches on exfoliative cells cytology, and established in 1928 the diagnosis for human uterine cancer out of vaginal secretions (Magalhães et al . (vin.com)
  • 2001). Considering only the round-cells tumors, the effectiveness increases to 95%, helping the definitive diagnosis of these tumors because they have characteristics better defined in cytological examinations then in histopathology (Guedes et al . (vin.com)
  • Other common cutaneous findings in CNC that are not diagnostic criteria but are suggestive of the diagnosis include intense freckling, café-au-lait spots, multiple fibrous tumors, lipomas , and angiofibromas . (logicalimages.com)
  • The aim of cytoreductive surgery is to confirm the diagnosis, define the extent of disease, and resect all visible tumor. (medscape.com)
  • People with DICER1 syndrome are also at risk of multinodular goiter, which is enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by the growth of multiple fluid-filled or solid tumors (both referred to as nodules). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pathogenic germline variants in DICER1 underlie an autosomal dominant, pleiotropic tumor-predisposition disorder. (hypothes.is)
  • Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a specific form of squamous cell cancer, where only the skin cells of the penis are affected, and it hasn't spread deeper. (plymouthonlinedirectory.com)
  • Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)
  • E6 and Metabolic syndrome and risks of colon and rectal renal cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • 99:209 -215.doi:10.1007/s11060 - 010 - 0129 -5 cell carcinoma-a population-based study in with and without cervical cancer in Tbilisi, Georgia. (who.int)
  • On gross exam 5.0 x 3.0 x 2.5 cm tumor was found in the left side of the uterine corpus and did not involve the cervix. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • Produces a "barrel cervix" if the tumor encircles the cervix and invades the underlying stroma. (brainscape.com)
  • Prostatic histopathology revealed squamous metaplasia secondary to feminization syndrome from the Sertoli cell tumor. (acvr.org)
  • Feminization is a common paraneoplastic syndrome seen with Sertoli cell tumors. (acvr.org)
  • Prognosis of SLCT depends on the stage and degree of differentiation of the tumor. (knowcancer.com)
  • and in type III, the growth is a solid tumor that can fill a large portion of the chest. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Light will not transmit through a solid tumor, while a hydrocele will glow a soft red color. (aafp.org)
  • Treatment for SLCT depends upon the age of the patient, the degree of differentiation of the tumor, and whether or not the tumor has ruptured. (knowcancer.com)
  • Through this role in regulating the activity (expression) of genes, the Dicer protein is involved in many processes, including cell growth and division (proliferation) and the maturation of cells to take on specialized functions (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Interstitial tumors are not much of a problem as there is no oestrogen production as in the case of sertoli cell tumors. (pethealthandcare.com)
  • Sertoli cell tumor is a potential histologic mimic of other tumors, such as seminoma due to similar histology and overlapping clinical presentation. (qxmd.com)
  • If the tumor is accompanied by high levels of testosterone, the tumor could be a Sertoli-Lydic cell tumor. (knowcancer.com)
  • In dogs with estrogen-secreting Sertoli cell tumors, serum testosterone may be low due to suppression of gonadotropin release by estrogens. (msu.edu)
  • Another rare exception is with testosterone-secreting adrenocortical tumors, which we have seen in two cats. (msu.edu)
  • Sertoli cell tumors are symptomised by a swelling of the scrotal sacs and the testicles. (pethealthandcare.com)
  • Although there is the possibility of a dog developing one type of tumor in one or both of the testicles, there's also the possibility of the animal having two different types of neoplasms in the two separate testicles. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • Sometimes, the operation might be a little more complicated, especially if the testicles have not descended and the tumor is located inside the animal's abdomen. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • Sertoli cell tumors are known to occur in other species, including domestic ducks, dogs, and horses. (wikipedia.org)
  • These tumors occur in infants and young children and are rare in adults. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Histopathology of the testicle showed both a Sertoli cell tumor and seminoma with invasion of neoplastic Sertoli cells into blood vessels and lymphatics. (acvr.org)
  • Sertoli-Lydig cell tumors are very rare. (knowcancer.com)
  • Testicular Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs) are rare, and most fall into the category of SCT-not otherwise specified (SCT-NOS). (nih.gov)
  • The complications of cytology are hemorrhages, infections, injury of adjacent tissue and dissemination of malignant cells, all of which are considered rare events (Guedes et al . (vin.com)
  • Characterized byvtche presence of tumor necrosis, cytologic atypia and mitotic activity. (brainscape.com)
  • On ultrasound, a Sertoli cell tumour appears as a hypoechoic intratesticular lesion which is usually solitary. (wikipedia.org)
  • On July 29, 2018 the animal had a worsening of its clinical condiction, with tumor recurrence by ultrasound exam. (ufrgs.br)