A benign, inflammatory, variably ulcerated, occasionally bilateral, self-healing lesion of the minor salivary glands that is often confused clinically and histologically with carcinoma.
Parotid diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the structure, function, or health of the parotid glands, which are the largest salivary glands located in the face, near the ears, and responsible for producing saliva.
A fulminating bacterial infection of the deep layers of the skin and FASCIA. It can be caused by many different organisms, with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES being the most common.
ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia: report of five cases. (1/8)

Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a self-limiting inflammatory disease, that involves salivary glands, more frequently the minor ones. Although its etiopathogenesis remains still unknown some authors suggest that a physico-chemical or biological injury on the blood vessels may produce ischemic changes, leading to infarction of the gland and its further necrosis. Its clinical and histologic feature resemble malignancy. Clinically it may appear like an ulcer with slightly elevated irregular borders and necrotic base. Histologic features are squamous metaplasia of ducts and acini and a pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying mucosa. These characteristics may induce to an inapropiated diagnosis of malignant neoplasia. A correct diagnosis to avoid mutilant surgical treatments is essential, considering that it is a self-limiting disease. In this report we describe five cases of NS in females, located in minor glands of the palate.  (+info)

Systemic granulomatous disease and sialometaplasia in a dog with Bartonella infection. (2/8)

Systemic granulomatous disease involving the spleen, heart, lymph nodes, omentum, liver, kidney, lung, mediastinum, and salivary glands developed in an 8-year-old Rottweiler. The dog also had sialometaplasia of both submandibular salivary glands. Bartonella henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii DNA was amplified from the salivary gland by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Bartonellae may be the cause of this systemic disease, but to the authors' knowledge, involvement of omentum, mediastinum, and salivary glands has not previously been reported in association with Bartonella infection. Bartonellae should be considered potential causes of sialometaplasia.  (+info)

Sialometaplasia of the soft palate in a 2-year-old girl. (3/8)

A case of sialometaplasia of the soft palate is reported in a 2-year-old girl 3 months after she had an adenoidectomy. Dental practitioners should be aware of the possible causes of intraoral swellings in both children and adults. The appearance of some conditions in children may differ from their characteristic appearance in adults. Necrotizing sialometaplasia may appear as an aggressive-looking lesion in an adult, possibly resembling squamous cell carcinoma. In the young patient reported here, frank necrosis was not evident from clinical or histological examination. Necrosis may not be part of the presentation of sialometaplasia in such young children.  (+info)

Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the parotid gland in a dog. (4/8)

Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a self-limiting, benign, ischemic, inflammatory disease that is most often described in the submandibular glands of dogs, with clinical and histologic features that resemble malignancy. Unilateral swelling of the parotid salivary gland in a 7-year-old Cocker Spaniel dog was diagnosed as NS. The dog also had otitis externa on the same side as the parotid gland lesions. The main histologic features were included lobular necrosis of salivary tissue; fibrinoid necrosis of some arteries; marked squamous metaplasia of duct and/or acinar epithelium, with intercellular bridge formation; preservation of salivary lobular morphology; and variable inflammation and fibrosis. Etiologic factors for NS in both humans and animals remain obscure.  (+info)

Case report of necrotizing sialometaplasia. (5/8)

INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a rare inflammatory necrotizing reactive process that can involve minor and major salivary glands. Gland tissue ischaemia has been proposed as the aetiology. CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old woman was referred with a 1-week history of bilateral painful swelling of the palate, with the development of two deep ulcers after the first 3 days. Ulcer edges were elevated but not indurated, and the bases had a necrotic appearance. An incisional biopsy of the margin of one ulcer confirmed the diagnosis of necrotizing sialometaplasia. The ulcers spontaneously healed within 8 weeks without treatment. DISCUSSION: The clinical and histological similarity between this entity and a malignant lesion implies a risk of unnecessary or inadequate treatment. This case illustrates the need for an incisional biopsy to be analyzed by an experienced pathologist to establish a correct diagnosis.  (+info)

CT findings of necrotizing sialometaplasia. (6/8)

 (+info)

Benign or malignant? Case report. (7/8)

 (+info)

Mandibular fracture and necrotizing sialometaplasia in a rabbit. (8/8)

A 7-mo-old female New Zealand white rabbit presented with hemorrhage of the gingiva surrounding a loose lower right incisor. Antemortem conventional radiographs revealed only a small bone fragment adjacent to the left mandible's body. In light of a provisional diagnosis of mandibular fracture, the rabbit was euthanized. Postmortem radiographs of the disarticulated mandible demonstrated mandibular symphyseal fracture and comminuted fracture of the ramus and body of the left mandible. According to histopathology, the left submandibular salivary gland had necrotizing sialometaplasia, a nonneoplastic condition of the salivary glands that is caused by ischemic infarction. Although rabbits have been used as animal models of mandibular fracture and necrotizing sialometaplasia, no nonexperimental case of such conditions had been reported previously.  (+info)

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a relatively uncommon, self-limiting condition that primarily affects the salivary glands. It is typically characterized by the presence of necrosis (tissue death) and metaplastic changes in the salivary gland tissue, particularly within the minor salivary glands located in the upper aerodigestive tract.

The condition often manifests as a sudden onset of painful swelling in the affected area, such as the palate, lips, or tongue. This is followed by the development of necrosis and metaplastic changes in the salivary gland tissue, which can lead to the formation of ulcers or pseudocarcinomatous lesions that may resemble malignant tumors.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is thought to be caused by local ischemia (reduced blood flow) or injury to the salivary glands, and it is often associated with a history of recent trauma, surgery, or radiation therapy in the affected area. However, in some cases, the condition may occur spontaneously without any obvious triggering factor.

Despite its sometimes alarming appearance, necrotizing sialometaplasia is generally a benign and self-limiting condition that does not require specific treatment beyond symptomatic management of pain and discomfort. The lesions typically resolve on their own within 4-6 weeks, although in some cases they may persist for several months before ultimately regressing.

Parotid diseases refer to conditions that affect the parotid glands, which are the largest of the salivary glands and are located in front of each ear. These glands produce saliva that helps in digestion and keeps the mouth moist. Parotid diseases can cause swelling, pain, dry mouth, or difficulty swallowing, among other symptoms. Some common parotid diseases include:

1. Parotid gland infection (also called parotitis) - an inflammation of the parotid gland due to bacterial or viral infections.
2. Salivary gland stones (also called sialolithiasis) - calcified deposits that form in the salivary ducts and can block the flow of saliva.
3. Salivary gland tumors - abnormal growths that can be benign or malignant, and may require surgical removal.
4. Parotid gland inflammation (also called sialadenitis) - an inflammation of the parotid gland due to autoimmune disorders, radiation therapy, or dehydration.
5. Parotid gland cysts (also called ranula or mucocele) - fluid-filled sacs that form in the salivary gland or duct.

Proper diagnosis and treatment of parotid diseases require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, often involving imaging studies, laboratory tests, and biopsies.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious bacterial infection that affects the fascia, which is the tissue that surrounds muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The infection can also spread to the muscle and skin. It is often caused by a combination of different types of bacteria, including group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus.

The infection causes extensive tissue damage and necrosis (death) of the fascia and surrounding tissues. It can progress rapidly and can be fatal if not treated promptly with aggressive surgical debridement (removal of dead tissue) and antibiotics.

Symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis include severe pain, swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area; fever; chills; and general weakness. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if these symptoms occur, as early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal condition that primarily affects premature infants. It is characterized by the inflammation and death of intestinal tissue, which can lead to perforations (holes) in the bowel wall. Here's a brief medical definition:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEK-roh-tiz-ing en-ter-koh-li-TIE-tis): A gastrointestinal emergency in which the inner lining of the intestinal wall undergoes necrosis (tissue death) due to inflammation, often affecting premature infants. The condition may result in bowel perforations, sepsis, and other systemic complications, requiring surgical intervention and intensive care management.

The exact cause of NEC is not fully understood, but it's thought to be associated with factors such as prematurity, formula feeding, intestinal immaturity or injury, and disturbed blood flow in the intestines. Symptoms may include abdominal distention, bloody stools, feeding intolerance, lethargy, and temperature instability. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in affected infants.

... (NS) is a benign, ulcerative lesion, usually located towards the back of the hard palate. It is ... Tsuji, T; Nishide, Y; Nakano, H; Kida, K; Satoh, K (2014). "Imaging findings of necrotizing sialometaplasia of the parotid ... Janner, SF; Suter, VG; Altermatt, HJ; Reichart, PA; Bornstein, MM (May 2014). "Bilateral necrotizing sialometaplasia of the ... ISBN 978-1-4557-0262-6. Carlson, DL (May 2009). "Necrotizing sialometaplasia: a practical approach to the diagnosis". Archives ...
The conditions eosinophilic ulcer and necrotizing sialometaplasia may present as oral ulceration. Macroglossia, an abnormally ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a lesion that usually arises from a minor salivary gland on the palate. It is thought to be due ...
... sialometaplasia, necrotizing MeSH C07.465.815.815 - sialorrhea MeSH C07.465.815.882 - submandibular gland diseases MeSH C07.465 ... necrotizing ulcerative MeSH C07.465.714.258.557 - granuloma, giant cell MeSH C07.465.714.258.771 - pericoronitis MeSH C07.465. ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a benign, ulcerative lesion, usually located towards the back of the hard palate. It is ... Tsuji, T; Nishide, Y; Nakano, H; Kida, K; Satoh, K (2014). "Imaging findings of necrotizing sialometaplasia of the parotid ... Janner, SF; Suter, VG; Altermatt, HJ; Reichart, PA; Bornstein, MM (May 2014). "Bilateral necrotizing sialometaplasia of the ... ISBN 978-1-4557-0262-6. Carlson, DL (May 2009). "Necrotizing sialometaplasia: a practical approach to the diagnosis". Archives ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a nonneoplastic inflammatory condition of the salivary glands. In 1973, Abrams et al first ... The prognosis for necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is excellent. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a completely benign lesion that ... encoded search term (Necrotizing Sialometaplasia) and Necrotizing Sialometaplasia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Necrotizing Sialometaplasia. Updated: Mar 14, 2023 * Author: John A Svirsky, DDS, MEd; Chief Editor: Jeff Burgess, DDS, MSD ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a nonneoplastic inflammatory condition of the salivary glands. In 1973, Abrams et al first ... The prognosis for necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is excellent. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a completely benign lesion that ... encoded search term (Necrotizing Sialometaplasia) and Necrotizing Sialometaplasia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Necrotizing Sialometaplasia. Updated: Mar 14, 2023 * Author: John A Svirsky, DDS, MEd; Chief Editor: Jeff Burgess, DDS, MSD ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a nonneoplastic inflammatory condition of the salivary glands. In 1973, Abrams et al first ... encoded search term (Necrotizing Sialometaplasia) and Necrotizing Sialometaplasia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Necrotizing squamous metaplasia in herpetic tracheitis after prolonged intubation can simulate necrotizing sialometaplasia. [23 ... Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the larynx. A report of two cases and a review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 1995 May. ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a nonneoplastic inflammatory condition of the salivary glands. In 1973, Abrams et al first ... The prognosis for necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is excellent. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a completely benign lesion that ... encoded search term (Necrotizing Sialometaplasia) and Necrotizing Sialometaplasia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Necrotizing Sialometaplasia. Updated: Jun 10, 2016 * Author: John A Svirsky, DDS, MEd; Chief Editor: William D James, MD more ...
Drooling - Benign lymphoepithelial lesion - Necrotizing sialometaplasia - Ranula - Sialadenitis - Sialolithiasis - Stomatitis ... fibroblastic (Dupuytrens contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis) ...
HISTOLOGY: ORAL: Necrotizing sialometaplasia. Author. Peter Anderson. Posted on. Thursday 1 August 2013. ...
The tumor is susceptible to infiltrate the perineural areas and usually has a adenoma, mucocele, necrotizing sialometaplasia, ... Endoscopic or surgical step-up method for contaminated necrotising pancreatitis: a multicentre randomised trial. The history ...
describe a case of necrotising sialometaplasia - a rare but benign, self-limiting, inflammatory condition that can resemble ...
describe a case of necrotising sialometaplasia - a rare but benign, self-limiting, inflammatory condition that can resemble ... Extensive cervical necrotising fasciitis with mediastinitis in a COVID-19 positive patient: a case report ... Necrotising fasciitis is a rapidly progressing soft tissue infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We ... Read more about Extensive cervical necrotising fasciitis with mediastinitis in a COVID-19 positive patient: a case report ...
3. Granick, M., Solomon, M.P., Benedetto, A.V., Hannegan, M.W., Sohn, M.: Necrotizing sialometaplasia masquerading as residual ...
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia * Nicotine Stomatitis (Smokers Palate) * Nitrous Oxide Administration * Noncandidal Fungal ...
Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing Entry term(s). Necrotizing Sialometaplasia Necrotizing Sialometaplasias Sialometaplasias, ... Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing - Preferred Concept UI. M0019818. Scope note. A benign, inflammatory, variably ulcerated, ... sialometaplasia necrosante Scope note:. Lesión benigna, inflamatoria, con ulceración variable, ocasionalmente bilateral y ... Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing Descriptor Spanish: Sialometaplasia Necrotizante Spanish from Spain Descriptor. sialometaplasia ...
necrotizing sialometaplasia DOID:12901 * parotid disease DOID:10302 * pulp degeneration DOID:11189 ...
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia. * Noncandidal Fungal Infections of the Mouth. * Oral Manifestations of Drug Reactions ...
Case report of necrotizing sialometaplasia.. AUTHORS: Bascones-Martínez A, Muñoz-Corcuera M, Cerero-Lapiedra R, Bascones- ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia: a case report of a non-ulcerated histopathological presentation. Néri, Júlia Dos Santos Vianna; ... The final diagnosis was necrotizing sialometaplasia. No treatment is required for this disease. Thirty-nine days after biopsy, ... In the absence of a close clinical and radiographic correlation, the morphology of the necrotized bone similar to cementum ... Palato/patologia , Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Sialometaplasia Necrosante/diagnóstico , Adulto , Biópsia , Diagnóstico ...
A) Ranula (B) Keratoacanthoma (C) Mumps (D) Necrotizing sialometaplasia. Ans: D. 67. Periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrents ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia accompanied by adenoid cystic carcinoma on the soft palate : CEO(2009). ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia can hide the presence of salivary gland tumors: A case series 1-gen-2019 Zhurakivska, K.; Maiorano ... Necrotizing sialometaplasia can hide the presence of salivary gland tumors: A case series 1-gen-2019 Zhurakivska, K.; Maiorano ... Necrotizing sialometaplasia can hide the presence of salivary gland tumors: A case series. ... Necrotizing sialometaplasia can hide the presence of salivary gland tumors: A case series. ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a benign condition affecting the salivary glands often misdiagnosed as neoplasia based on ... Necrotizing sialometaplasia of palate with belligerent clinical stance: A case report and review. p. 246. ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia. *Erythroplakia. Best Tests. Copy. Subscription Required. Management Pearls. Copy. Subscription ...
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and necrotizing sialometaplasia are benign self-limited lesions that can mimic SCC and need ...
... necrotizing sialometaplasia, and neoplasia). The event begins July 9 at 6PM ET, which is in the morning hours of July 10 in New ...
... necrotizing sialometaplasia and sialolith (3 cases) representing 1.9% each. Lastly, there were sialolithiasis and Sjogren ...
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia. In this case, the patient first presented with a neck mass which could easily have been mistaken ...
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia. *Neck Cyst. *Mouth Wart. *Mouth Thrush. *Nasal Polyp. *Mouth CancerTabacco ...
Necrotising Sialometaplasia. *Odontomes. *Exostoses & Tori. *Dense Bone Islands. *Oral Blood Blisters. *Oral & Lingual Tonsils ...
Necrotizing gingivitis is part of a spectrum of disease termed necrotizing periodontal diseases. It is the most minor form of ... Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), also known as trench mouth, is a type of infection of the gums.[1] It results ... Necrotizing periodontal disease is caused by a mixed bacterial infection that includes anaerobes such as P. intermedia[5] and ... necrotizing stomatitis, and the most extreme, cancrum oris. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) refers to the ...
Necrotizing Sialo Metaplasia Neuroma. Nevus. Nicotinic stomatitis. Papilloma. Pemphigus. Periodontal abscess. Peripheral ...
  • The topic discussed during the 2.5-hour online event is about salivary gland disorders in dogs and cats (drooling, sialocele, sialadenitis, sialadenosis, necrotizing sialometaplasia, and neoplasia). (vdos.org)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a nonneoplastic inflammatory condition of the salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] The clinical and histopathologic features of necrotizing sialometaplasia often simulate those of malignancies such as squamous cell carcinoma or salivary gland malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia was first reported to involve the minor salivary glands of the oral cavity, particularly those of the palate. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia of major salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • An unusual pseudocarcinomatous metaplasia resembling squamous (necrotizing) sialometaplasia of the salivary gland. (medscape.com)
  • The average healing time for necrotizing sialometaplasia of the minor salivary glands of the hard and soft palates is approximately 5 weeks. (medscape.com)
  • Some lesions of necrotizing sialometaplasia may present as a submucosal swelling, without ulceration of the overlying mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia: a case with metachronous lesions. (medscape.com)
  • describe a case of necrotising sialometaplasia - a rare but benign, self-limiting, inflammatory condition that can resemble malignant lesions both clinically and histopathologically. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • A fairly mild presentation of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis at the typical site on the gums of the anterior mandibular teeth. (mdwiki.org)
  • Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis ( ANUG ), also known as trench mouth , is a type of infection of the gums . (mdwiki.org)
  • Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) refers to the clinical onset of NUG. (mdwiki.org)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a benign, ulcerative lesion, usually located towards the back of the hard palate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a completely benign lesion that is most likely caused by ischemia secondary to trauma (examples of causes could be dental injection or hot liquid burn). (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a completely benign condition that heals on its own following biopsy. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia obscuring recurrent well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing squamous metaplasia in herpetic tracheitis after prolonged intubation can simulate necrotizing sialometaplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Stafford RF, Sonis ST, Shklar G. Bilateral necrotizing sialometaplasia: a case report. (medscape.com)
  • Niedzielska I, Janic T, Markowski J. Bilateral localization of necrotizing sialometaplasia: a case report. (medscape.com)
  • Incisional biopsy is necessary to establish the diagnosis of necrotizing sialometaplasia. (medscape.com)
  • [ 13 ] However, they state that this percentage does not account for cases of necrotizing sialometaplasia that heal spontaneously without biopsy. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) resolves spontaneously. (medscape.com)
  • Familiarity with necrotizing sialometaplasia and correct diagnosis are paramount in avoiding misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia: frequency of histologic misdiagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the palate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The typical clinical presentation of necrotizing sialometaplasia is that of a crateriform ulcer of the palate that simulates a malignant process. (medscape.com)
  • Schöning H, Emshoff R, Kreczy A. Necrotizing sialometaplasia in two patients with bulimia and chronic vomiting. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia manifests as a swelling with or without ulceration in anatomic sites that have mucous or serous glandular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Aframian D, Milhem I I, Kirsch G, Markitziu A. Necrotizing Sialometaplasia after Silastic Ring Vertical Gastroplasty: Case Report and Review of Literature. (medscape.com)
  • Case report of necrotizing sialometaplasia. (medicinaoral.com)
  • The average age of patients with necrotizing sialometaplasia in the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) registry is 47.9 years, with a range of 17-80 years. (medscape.com)
  • the surgical approach to necrotising fasciitis and the concern of deterioration due to COVID-19. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • A definitive tissue diagnosis of necrotizing sialometaplasia should exclude the need for radiographic imaging. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotising fasciitis is a rapidly progressing soft tissue infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • A rare site of so-called necrotizing sialometaplasia]. (medscape.com)
  • [1] It is classified as a necrotizing gum disease . (mdwiki.org)
  • Necrotizing periodontal disease is caused by a mixed bacterial infection that includes anaerobes such as P. intermedia [5] and Fusobacterium as well as spirochetes , such as Treponema . (mdwiki.org)
  • Necrotizing gingivitis is part of a spectrum of disease termed necrotizing periodontal diseases . (mdwiki.org)
  • Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) is where the infection leads to attachment loss, and involves only the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar ligament. (mdwiki.org)
  • In some cases, necrotizing sialometaplasia was misdiagnosed as pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, a mucocele, or a pyogenic granuloma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 14 ] reported that cases of necrotizing sialometaplasia in whites outnumbered cases in blacks by a ratio of 4.9:1. (medscape.com)
  • Mandel L, Kaynar A, DeChiara S. Necrotizing sialometaplasia in a patient with sickle-cell anemia. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] All subsequent reports of necrotizing sialometaplasia stress the importance of correct diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • We present a case of cervical necrotising fasciitis with mediastinal extension in a diabetic young male who was COVID-19 positive. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • [4] Similar features but with more intense pain may be seen in necrotizing periodontitis in HIV/AIDS . (mdwiki.org)
  • It is the most minor form of this spectrum, with more advanced stages being termed necrotizing periodontitis, necrotizing stomatitis, and the most extreme, cancrum oris. (mdwiki.org)