Forward displacement of a superior vertebral body over the vertebral body below.
Deficient development or degeneration of a portion of the VERTEBRA, usually in the pars interarticularis (the bone bridge between the superior and inferior facet joints of the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE) leading to SPONDYLOLISTHESIS.
VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.
Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)
Five fused VERTEBRAE forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the PELVIS. It articulates superiorly with the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, inferiorly with the COCCYX, and anteriorly with the ILIUM of the PELVIS. The sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the PELVIS.
Narrowing of the spinal canal.
The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).
The joint that occurs between facets of the interior and superior articular processes of adjacent VERTEBRAE.
A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
In anatomy, 'axis' is a term used to describe a real or imaginary line around which something rotates or along which it aligns, such as the second cervical vertebra, also known as the axis bone, which provides the pivot point for the rotation of the head.
Specialized devices used in ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY to repair bone fractures.
A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Internal devices used in osteosynthesis to hold the position of the fracture in proper alignment. By applying the principles of biomedical engineering, the surgeon uses metal plates, nails, rods, etc., for the correction of skeletal defects.
Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.
'Spinal diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that affect the structural integrity, function, or health of the spinal column, including degenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory processes, traumatic injuries, neoplasms, and congenital abnormalities.
The spinal or vertebral column.
Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.
Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE.
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilage. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.
Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).
The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.
The largest of three bones that make up each half of the pelvic girdle.
A common congenital midline defect of fusion of the vertebral arch without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges. The lesion is also covered by skin. L5 and S1 are the most common vertebrae involved. The condition may be associated with an overlying area of hyperpigmented skin, a dermal sinus, or an abnormal patch of hair. The majority of individuals with this malformation are asymptomatic although there is an increased incidence of tethered cord syndrome and lumbar SPONDYLOSIS. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)
An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions at joints, developed from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE of a joint through the JOINT CAPSULE into the periarticular tissues. They are filled with SYNOVIAL FLUID with a smooth and translucent appearance. A synovial cyst can develop from any joint, but most commonly at the back of the knee, where it is known as POPLITEAL CYST.
The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by an exaggerated convexity of the vertebral column. The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. This deformity sometimes is called round back or hunchback.
The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.
Determination of the degree of a physical, mental, or emotional handicap. The diagnosis is applied to legal qualification for benefits and income under disability insurance and to eligibility for Social Security and workmen's compensation benefits.
Lack of stability of a joint or joint prosthesis. Factors involved are intra-articular disease and integrity of extra-articular structures such as joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
A degenerative joint disease involving the SPINE. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the spinal articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR), usually with hardening of the subchondral bone and outgrowth of bone spurs (OSTEOPHYTE).
A pathologic entity characterized by deossification of a weight-bearing long bone, followed by bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form normal BONY CALLUS leading to existence of the "false joint" that gives the condition its name. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.
The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.
Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A fibril-associated collagen usually found crosslinked to the surface of COLLAGEN TYPE II fibrils. It is a heterotrimer containing alpha1(IX), alpha2(IX) and alpha3(IX) subunits.
Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Displacement of bones out of line in relation to joints. It may be congenital or traumatic in origin.
Broken bones in the vertebral column.
The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.
A group of disorders characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high rates of spontaneous mutation and multiple neurofibromas or neurilemmomas. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 (generalized neurofibromatosis) accounts for approximately 95% of cases, although multiple additional subtypes (e.g., NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2, neurofibromatosis 3, etc.) have been described. (From Neurochirurgie 1998 Nov;44(4):267-72)
Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Spondylolytic fractures. (1/301)

A method is described whereby fractures of the neural arch similar to those in spondylolysis are produced experimentally. The forces, bending moments and displacements required to initiate the fractures are given; The mechanical aspects in the aetiology of spondylolysis are explained by a simplified two-dimensional force analysis.  (+info)

Spondyloptosis and multiple-level spondylolysis. (2/301)

An unusual case of a combination of multiple bilateral spondylolyses (L2, 3 and 4), spondylolisthesis at L3/4, spondyloptosis at L4/5 and sacralization of L5 in a teenage female is described. The patient had severely increasing lower back pain radiating to the left lower limb. Radiography identified the abnormalities and myelography revealed complete obstruction and compression of the thecal sac at the L4/5 level. The case was treated surgically by posterior decompression, corpectomy and fusion in a three-stage operation. The follow-up was extended to 2 years with no complications. No similar case has previously been reported.  (+info)

The assessment of appropriate indications for laminectomy. (3/301)

We have developed criteria to determine the appropriate indications for lumbar laminectomy, using the standard procedure developed at the RAND corporation and the University of California at Los Angeles (RAND-UCLA). A panel of five surgeons and four physicians individually assessed 1000 hypothetical cases of sciatica, back pain only, symptoms of spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, miscellaneous indications or the need for repeat laminectomy. For the first round each member of the panel used a scale ranging from 1 (extremely inappropriate) to 9 (extremely appropriate). After discussion and condensation of the results into three categories laminectomy was considered appropriate in 11% of the 1000 theoretical scenarios, equivocal in 26% and inappropriate in 63%. There was some variation between the six categories of malalignment, but full agreement in 64% of the hypothetical cases. We applied these criteria retrospectively to the records of 196 patients who had had surgical treatment for herniated discs in one Swiss University hospital. We found that 48% of the operations were for appropriate indications, 29% for equivocal reasons and that 23% were inappropriate. The RAND-UCLA method is a feasible, useful and coherent approach to the study of the indications for laminectomy and related procedures, providing a number of important insights. Our conclusions now require validation by carefully designed prospective clinical trials, such as those which are used for new medical techniques.  (+info)

MR imaging for early complications of transpedicular screw fixation. (4/301)

This series comprises ten patients treated with transpedicular screw fixation, who suffered early postoperative problems such as radicular pain or motor weakness. Besides plain radiographs, all patients were also evaluated with MR imaging. Three patients were reoperated for either repositioning or removal of the screws. MR images, especially T1-weighted ones, were very helpful for visualizing the problem and verifying the positions of the screws. In cases of wide areas of signal void around the screws, the neighboring axial MR images at either side, which have fewer artifacts, gave more information about the screws and the vertebrae.  (+info)

Degenerative spondylolisthesis. Developmental or acquired? (5/301)

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is four times more common in women than in men. Although this gender difference has long been recognised there has been no explanation for it. We have examined the radiographs and CT scans of 118 patients over the age of 55 years and of a control group under the age of 46 years. Our findings confirmed the presence of more sagittally-orientated facet joints in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis but did not show that the gender difference can be explained by the morphology of the facet joint. Furthermore, we conclude that the increased angle of the facet joint is the result of arthritic remodelling and not the primary cause of degenerative spondylolisthesis. It is more likely to be due to loss of soft-tissue resilience with subsequent failure of the facet joints which are acting as the last restraints to subluxation.  (+info)

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome associated with multiple spinal meningeal cysts--case report. (6/301)

A 40-year-old female with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was admitted because of a large pelvic mass. Radiological examination revealed multiple spinal meningeal cysts. The first operation through a laminectomy revealed that the cysts originated from dilated dural sleeves containing nerve roots. Packing of dilated sleeves was inadequate. Finally the cysts were oversewed through a laparotomy. The cysts were reduced, but the postoperative course was complicated by poor wound healing and diffuse muscle atrophy. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome associated with spinal cysts may be best treated by endoscopic surgery.  (+info)

Traumatic L5-S1 spondylolisthesis: report of three cases and a review of the literature. (7/301)

The literature reports that traumatic spondylolisthesis of L5 is an uncommon lesion. The authors report their experience of three cases of this particular fracture-dislocation of the lumbosacral spine. They stress the importance of certain radiographic signs in the diagnosis: namely, the presence of unilateral multiple fracture of the transverse lumbar apophysis. As far as the treatment is concerned, they state the need for an open reduction and an internal segmental fixation by posterior approach. A preoperative MRI study appears mandatory in order to evaluate the integrity of the L5-S1 disc. In the event of a traumatic disruption of the disc, they state the importance of posterior interbody fusion by means of a strut graft carved from the ilium or, in case of iliac wing fracture (which is not uncommon in these patients), by means of interbody cages.  (+info)

Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis: treatment rationale based on the stability of the different fracture types. (8/301)

Thirty-nine consecutive patients, 22 male and 17 female with an average age of 37.6 years, with traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis were reviewed. The cause of injury in 75% of the patients was a road traffic accident. The fractures were classified according to Effendi et al., the type II fractures were further divided into three subgroups: flexion, extension and listhesis injuries. There were 10 type I (25.7%) and 29 type II fractures (74.4%); of these, 12 (30.8%) were classified as flexion-type, 2 (5.1%) as extension-type and 15 (38.5%) as listhesis-type. We did not identify any case of type III injury. Overall, 43.5% of the patients had sustained a significant head or chest trauma, with the highest incidence for type II listhesis injuries. Significant neurological deficits occurred in four patients (10.3%); in all four,the fracture was classified as a type II listhesis. All ten type I injuries were successfully treated with a cervical orthosis. Ten of the 12 type II flexion injuries demonstrated significant angulation. Two were treated with internal stabilisation, in seven with a halo device and one with a minerva plaster of Paris (PoP). Healing was uneventful in all ten patients. For the remaining two stable type II flexion injuries, application of a hard collar was adequate, as was the case for the two stable type II extension injuries. Six of the 15 type II spondylolisthesis injuries underwent primary internal stabilisation, and healing was uneventful in all cases. In four (44.4%) of the nine injuries that were primarily treated with a halo device/minerva PoP, secondary operative stabilisation had to be performed. The classification of Effendi et al. provides a complete description of the different fractures. However, further distinction of the type II injuries regarding their stability is mandatory. Type II spondylolisthesis injuries are unstable, with a high number of associated injuries, a great potential for neurological compromise and significant complications associated with non-operative treatment. The majority of type II extension and type II flexion injuries can be successfully treated with nonrigid external immobilisation.  (+info)

Spondylolisthesis is a medical condition that affects the spine, specifically the vertebrae in the lower back (lumbar region). It occurs when one vertebra slips forward and onto the vertebra below it. This slippage can lead to narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the nerves exiting the spine, causing pain and discomfort. The condition can be congenital, degenerative, or result from trauma or injury. Symptoms may include lower back pain, stiffness, and radiating pain down the legs. Treatment options range from physical therapy and pain management to surgical intervention in severe cases.

Spondylolysis is a defect or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis, which is a part of the vertebra in the lower back (lumbar spine). This condition most commonly affects young athletes who participate in sports that involve repetitive hyperextension of the lower back, such as gymnastics, football, and dance. Spondylolysis can cause lower back pain and stiffness, and if left untreated, it may lead to spondylolisthesis, a condition where one vertebra slips forward over the one below it. In some cases, spondylolysis may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during an imaging test performed for another reason.

The lumbar vertebrae are the five largest and strongest vertebrae in the human spine, located in the lower back region. They are responsible for bearing most of the body's weight and providing stability during movement. The lumbar vertebrae have a characteristic shape, with a large body in the front, which serves as the main weight-bearing structure, and a bony ring in the back, formed by the pedicles, laminae, and processes. This ring encloses and protects the spinal cord and nerves. The lumbar vertebrae are numbered L1 to L5, starting from the uppermost one. They allow for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation movements of the trunk.

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure where two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together to create a solid bone. The purpose of this procedure is to restrict movement between the fused vertebrae, which can help reduce pain and stabilize the spine. This is typically done using bone grafts or bone graft substitutes, along with hardware such as rods, screws, or cages to hold the vertebrae in place while they heal together. The procedure may be recommended for various spinal conditions, including degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, or fractures.

The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone in the lower portion of the human vertebral column, located between the lumbar spine and the coccyx (tailbone). It forms through the fusion of several vertebrae during fetal development. The sacrum's base articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebra, while its apex connects with the coccyx.

The sacrum plays an essential role in supporting the spine and transmitting weight from the upper body to the pelvis and lower limbs. It also serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ligaments. The sacral region is often a focus in medical and chiropractic treatments due to its importance in spinal stability, posture, and overall health.

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal or the neural foramina (the openings through which nerves exit the spinal column), typically in the lower back (lumbar) or neck (cervical) regions. This can put pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots, causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected areas, often in the legs, arms, or hands. It's most commonly caused by age-related wear and tear, but can also be due to degenerative changes, herniated discs, tumors, or spinal injuries.

Lordosis is a term used in the medical field to describe an excessive inward curvature of the spine. It most commonly occurs in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions. When it happens in the lower back, it's often referred to as swayback. While some degree of lordosis is normal and necessary for proper spinal alignment and movement, excessive curvature can lead to pain, discomfort, and difficulty with mobility. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor posture, obesity, pregnancy, and certain medical conditions such as kyphosis or spondylolisthesis.

A zygapophyseal joint, also known as a facet joint, is a type of synovial joint that connects the articulating processes of adjacent vertebrae in the spine. These joints are formed by the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebral bodies and are covered with hyaline cartilage. They allow for smooth movement between the vertebrae, providing stability and limiting excessive motion while allowing flexibility in the spine. The zygapophyseal joints are supported by a capsule and ligaments that help to maintain their alignment and restrict abnormal movements. These joints can become sources of pain and discomfort when they become inflamed or damaged due to conditions such as arthritis, degenerative disc disease, or injury.

Surgical decompression is a medical procedure that involves relieving pressure on a nerve or tissue by creating additional space. This is typically accomplished through the removal of a portion of bone or other tissue that is causing the compression. The goal of surgical decompression is to alleviate symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness caused by the compression.

In the context of spinal disorders, surgical decompression is often used to treat conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or bone spurs that are compressing nerves in the spine. The specific procedure used may vary depending on the location and severity of the compression, but common techniques include laminectomy, discectomy, and foraminotomy.

It's important to note that surgical decompression is a significant medical intervention that carries risks such as infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding tissues. As with any surgery, it should be considered as a last resort after other conservative treatments have been tried and found to be ineffective. A thorough evaluation by a qualified medical professional is necessary to determine whether surgical decompression is appropriate in a given case.

In medical terms, "axis" is used to describe a line or lines along which a structure or body part can move or around which it is oriented. It is often used in anatomical context to refer to specific axes of movement or alignment for various parts of the body. For example:

* The axial skeleton, also known as the upright skeleton, includes the skull, vertebral column, and chest cage.
* In neurology, the term "axis" is used to describe the second cervical vertebra (C2), which is also called the axis because it serves as a pivot point for head movement.
* The term "longitudinal axis" is used to describe an imaginary line that runs from the head to the foot, passing through the center of the body.
* In imaging studies such as X-rays or MRIs, the term "axis" may be used to describe a specific orientation or alignment for the image.

Overall, the term "axis" is used in medicine to describe lines or planes that serve as reference points for movement, alignment, or orientation of various body structures and parts.

Bone screws are medical devices used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to affix bone fracture fragments or to attach bones to other bones or to metal implants such as plates, rods, or artificial joints. They are typically made of stainless steel or titanium alloys and have a threaded shaft that allows for purchase in the bone when tightened. The head of the screw may have a hexagonal or star-shaped design to allow for precise tightening with a screwdriver. Bone screws come in various shapes, sizes, and designs, including fully threaded, partially threaded, cannulated (hollow), and headless types, depending on their intended use and location in the body.

A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the lamina, which is the back part of the vertebra that covers the spinal canal. This procedure is often performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves caused by conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or tumors. By removing the lamina, the surgeon can access the affected area and alleviate the compression on the spinal cord or nerves, thereby reducing pain, numbness, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms.

Laminectomy may be performed as a standalone procedure or in combination with other surgical techniques such as discectomy, foraminotomy, or spinal fusion. The specific approach and extent of the surgery will depend on the patient's individual condition and symptoms.

Internal fixators are medical devices that are implanted into the body through surgery to stabilize and hold broken or fractured bones in the correct position while they heal. These devices can be made from various materials, such as metal (stainless steel or titanium) or bioabsorbable materials. Internal fixators can take many forms, including plates, screws, rods, nails, wires, or cages, depending on the type and location of the fracture.

The main goal of using internal fixators is to promote bone healing by maintaining accurate reduction and alignment of the fractured bones, allowing for early mobilization and rehabilitation. This can help reduce the risk of complications such as malunion, nonunion, or deformity. Internal fixators are typically removed once the bone has healed, although some bioabsorbable devices may not require a second surgery for removal.

It is important to note that while internal fixators provide stability and support for fractured bones, they do not replace the need for proper immobilization, protection, or rehabilitation during the healing process. Close follow-up with an orthopedic surgeon is essential to ensure appropriate healing and address any potential complications.

The lumbosacral region is the lower part of the back where the lumbar spine (five vertebrae in the lower back) connects with the sacrum (a triangular bone at the base of the spine). This region is subject to various conditions such as sprains, strains, herniated discs, and degenerative disorders that can cause pain and discomfort. It's also a common site for surgical intervention when non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief.

Spinal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the spinal column, which is made up of vertebrae (bones), intervertebral discs, facet joints, nerves, ligaments, and muscles. These diseases can cause pain, discomfort, stiffness, numbness, weakness, or even paralysis, depending on the severity and location of the condition. Here are some examples of spinal diseases:

1. Degenerative disc disease: This is a condition where the intervertebral discs lose their elasticity and height, leading to stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
2. Herniated disc: This occurs when the inner material of the intervertebral disc bulges or herniates out through a tear in the outer layer, causing pressure on the spinal nerves and resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area.
3. Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal or the neural foramen (the openings where the spinal nerves exit the spinal column), which can cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerves and result in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.
4. Scoliosis: This is a curvature of the spine that can occur in children or adults, leading to an abnormal posture, back pain, and decreased lung function.
5. Osteoarthritis: This is a degenerative joint disease that affects the facet joints in the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility.
6. Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and fusion of the vertebrae.
7. Spinal tumors: These are abnormal growths that can occur in the spinal column, which can be benign or malignant, causing pain, neurological symptoms, or even paralysis.
8. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can affect the spine, leading to pain, fever, and other systemic symptoms.
9. Trauma: Fractures, dislocations, or sprains of the spine can occur due to accidents, falls, or sports injuries, causing pain, neurological deficits, or even paralysis.

The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a complex structure in the human body that is part of the axial skeleton. It is composed of 33 individual vertebrae (except in some people where there are fewer due to fusion of certain vertebrae), intervertebral discs, facet joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves.

The spine has several important functions:

1. Protection: The spine protects the spinal cord, which is a major component of the nervous system, by enclosing it within a bony canal.
2. Support: The spine supports the head and upper body, allowing us to maintain an upright posture and facilitating movement of the trunk and head.
3. Movement: The spine enables various movements such as flexion (bending forward), extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending sideways), and rotation (twisting).
4. Weight-bearing: The spine helps distribute weight and pressure evenly across the body, reducing stress on individual vertebrae and other structures.
5. Blood vessel and nerve protection: The spine protects vital blood vessels and nerves that pass through it, including the aorta, vena cava, and spinal nerves.

The spine is divided into five regions: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae, also known as the tailbone). Each region has unique characteristics that allow for specific functions and adaptations to the body's needs.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a physiological and biochemical process that occurs in the spinal discs, which are located between each vertebra in the spine. These discs act as shock absorbers and allow for movement and flexibility of the spine.

The degenerative process involves changes in the structure and composition of the disc, including loss of water content, decreased production of proteoglycans (which help to maintain the disc's elasticity), and disorganization of the collagen fibers that make up the disc's outer layer (annulus fibrosus). These changes can lead to a decrease in the disc's height and mobility, as well as the development of tears or cracks in the annulus fibrosus.

In advanced stages of degeneration, the disc may herniate or bulge outward, causing pressure on nearby nerves and potentially leading to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area. It's worth noting that while intervertebral disc degeneration is a normal part of aging, certain factors such as injury, smoking, obesity, and repetitive stress can accelerate the process.

An intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure found between the vertebrae of the spinal column in humans and other animals. It functions as a shock absorber, distributes mechanical stress during weight-bearing activities, and allows for varying degrees of mobility between adjacent vertebrae.

The disc is composed of two parts: the annulus fibrosus, which forms the tough, outer layer; and the nucleus pulposus, which is a gel-like substance in the center that contains proteoglycans and water. The combination of these components provides the disc with its unique ability to distribute forces and allow for movement.

The intervertebral discs are essential for the normal functioning of the spine, providing stability, flexibility, and protection to the spinal cord and nerves. However, they can also be subject to degeneration and injury, which may result in conditions such as herniated discs or degenerative disc disease.

Intervertebral disc displacement, also known as a slipped disc or herniated disc, is a medical condition where the inner, softer material (nucleus pulposus) of the intervertebral disc bulges or ruptures through its outer, tougher ring (annulus fibrosus). This can put pressure on nearby nerves and cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area, often in the lower back or neck. The displacement may also lead to inflammation and irritation of the surrounding spinal structures, further exacerbating the symptoms. The condition is typically caused by age-related wear and tear (degenerative disc disease) or sudden trauma.

Orthopedic fixation devices are medical implants used in orthopedic surgery to provide stability and promote the healing of fractured or broken bones, as well as joints or spinal segments. These devices can be internal or external and include a variety of products such as:

1. Intramedullary nails: Long rods that are inserted into the center of a bone to stabilize fractures in long bones like the femur or tibia.
2. Plates and screws: Metal plates are attached to the surface of a bone with screws to hold the fragments together while they heal.
3. Screws: Used alone or in combination with other devices, they can be used to stabilize small fractures or to fix implants like total joint replacements.
4. Wires: Used to hold bone fragments together, often in conjunction with other devices.
5. External fixators: A external frame attached to the bones using pins or wires that is placed outside the skin to provide stability and alignment of fractured bones.
6. Spinal fixation devices: These include pedicle screws, rods, hooks, and plates used to stabilize spinal fractures or deformities.
7. Orthopedic staples: Small metal staples used to stabilize small bone fragments or for joint fusion.

The choice of orthopedic fixation device depends on the location and severity of the injury or condition being treated. The primary goal of these devices is to provide stability, promote healing, and restore function.

Spinal curvatures refer to the normal or abnormal curvature patterns of the spine as viewed from the side. The human spine has four distinct curves that form an "S" shape when viewed from the side: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. These natural curves provide strength, flexibility, and balance to the spine, allowing us to stand upright, maintain proper posture, and absorb shock during movement.

Abnormal spinal curvatures are often referred to as spinal deformities and can be classified into two main categories: hyperkyphosis (increased kyphosis) and hyperlordosis (increased lordosis). Examples of such conditions include:

1. Kyphosis: An excessive curvature in the thoracic or sacral regions, leading to a hunchback or rounded appearance. Mild kyphosis is common and usually not problematic, but severe cases can cause pain, breathing difficulties, and neurological issues.
2. Lordosis: An abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar or cervical spine, resulting in an exaggerated swayback posture. This can lead to lower back pain, muscle strain, and difficulty maintaining proper balance.
3. Scoliosis: A lateral (side-to-side) spinal curvature that causes the spine to twist and rotate, forming a C or S shape when viewed from behind. Most scoliosis cases are idiopathic (of unknown cause), but they can also be congenital (present at birth) or secondary to other medical conditions.

These abnormal spinal curvatures may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the severity and progression of the condition.

The spinal canal is the bony, protective channel within the vertebral column that contains and houses the spinal cord. It extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull to the sacrum, where the spinal cord ends and forms the cauda equina. The spinal canal is formed by a series of vertebral bodies stacked on top of each other, intervertebral discs in between them, and the laminae and spinous processes that form the posterior elements of the vertebrae. The spinal canal provides protection to the spinal cord from external trauma and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates around the cord, providing nutrients and cushioning. Any narrowing or compression of the spinal canal, known as spinal stenosis, can cause various neurological symptoms due to pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Radiculopathy is a medical term that refers to the condition where there is damage or disturbance in the nerve roots as they exit the spinal column. These nerve roots, also known as radicles, can become damaged due to various reasons such as compression, inflammation, or injury, leading to a range of symptoms.

Radiculopathy may occur in any part of the spine, but it is most commonly found in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions. When the nerve roots in the cervical region are affected, it can result in symptoms such as neck pain, shoulder pain, arm pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or fingers. On the other hand, when the nerve roots in the lumbar region are affected, it can cause lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or feet.

The symptoms of radiculopathy can vary depending on the severity and location of the damage to the nerve roots. In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own with rest and conservative treatment. However, in more severe cases, medical intervention such as physical therapy, medication, or surgery may be necessary to alleviate the symptoms and prevent further damage.

Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by discomfort or pain in the lower part of the back, typically between the costal margin (bottom of the ribcage) and the gluteal folds (buttocks). It can be caused by several factors including strain or sprain of the muscles or ligaments, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, or other degenerative conditions affecting the spine. The pain can range from a dull ache to a sharp stabbing sensation and may be accompanied by stiffness, limited mobility, and radiating pain down the legs in some cases. Low back pain is often described as acute (lasting less than 6 weeks), subacute (lasting between 6-12 weeks), or chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks).

Back pain is a common symptom characterized by discomfort or soreness in the back, often occurring in the lower region of the back (lumbago). It can range from a mild ache to a sharp stabbing or shooting pain, and it may be accompanied by stiffness, restricted mobility, and difficulty performing daily activities. Back pain is typically caused by strain or sprain to the muscles, ligaments, or spinal joints, but it can also result from degenerative conditions, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, or other medical issues affecting the spine. The severity and duration of back pain can vary widely, with some cases resolving on their own within a few days or weeks, while others may require medical treatment and rehabilitation.

The ilium is the largest and broadest of the three parts that make up the hip bone or coxal bone. It is the uppermost portion of the pelvis and forms the side of the waist. The ilium has a curved, fan-like shape and articulates with the sacrum at the back to form the sacroiliac joint. The large, concave surface on the top of the ilium is called the iliac crest, which can be felt as a prominent ridge extending from the front of the hip to the lower back. This region is significant in orthopedics and physical examinations for its use in assessing various medical conditions and performing certain maneuvers during the physical examination.

Spina Bifida Occulta is a type of spinal dysraphism, which is a birth defect involving incomplete closure of the spine. In Spina Bifida Occulta, the spinal bones (vertebrae) do not fully form and close around the spinal cord during fetal development, leaving a small gap or split in the lower back region. However, the spinal cord and nerves usually develop normally and are not exposed or damaged, unlike in more severe forms of spina bifida.

In many cases, individuals with Spina Bifida Occulta do not experience any symptoms and may not even know they have the condition unless it is discovered during an imaging test for another reason. In some instances, people with this condition might develop late-onset neurological symptoms or complications such as back pain, muscle weakness, or changes in bladder or bowel function.

It's essential to note that while Spina Bifida Occulta is generally less severe than other forms of spina bifida, it can still pose risks and may require medical evaluation and monitoring to ensure proper development and address any potential issues.

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, which most often occurs in the thoracic or lumbar regions. The curvature can be "C" or "S" shaped and may also include rotation of the vertebrae. Mild scoliosis doesn't typically cause problems, but severe cases can interfere with breathing and other bodily functions.

The exact cause of most scoliosis is unknown, but it may be related to genetic factors. It often develops in the pre-teen or teenage years, particularly in girls, and is more commonly found in individuals with certain neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curve, its location, and the age and expected growth of the individual. Mild cases may only require regular monitoring to ensure the curve doesn't worsen. More severe cases may require bracing or surgery to correct the curvature and prevent it from getting worse.

A Synovial Cyst is a type of benign cyst that typically develops in the synovium, which is the membrane that lines and lubricates joint capsules. These cysts are filled with synovial fluid, which is the same lubricating fluid found inside joints. They usually form as a result of degenerative changes, trauma, or underlying joint diseases such as osteoarthritis.

Synovial cysts commonly occur in the spine (particularly in the facet joints), but they can also develop in other areas of the body, including the knees, hips, and hands. While synovial cysts are generally not harmful, they may cause discomfort or pain if they press on nearby nerves or restrict movement in the affected joint. Treatment options for synovial cysts range from conservative measures like physical therapy and pain management to surgical intervention in severe cases.

Bone transplantation, also known as bone grafting, is a surgical procedure in which bone or bone-like material is transferred from one part of the body to another or from one person to another. The graft may be composed of cortical (hard outer portion) bone, cancellous (spongy inner portion) bone, or a combination of both. It can be taken from different sites in the same individual (autograft), from another individual of the same species (allograft), or from an animal source (xenograft). The purpose of bone transplantation is to replace missing bone, provide structural support, and stimulate new bone growth. This procedure is commonly used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgeries to repair bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or congenital conditions.

Kyphosis is a medical term used to describe an excessive curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane, leading to a rounded or humped back appearance. This condition often affects the thoracic region of the spine and can result from various factors such as age-related degenerative changes, congenital disorders, Scheuermann's disease, osteoporosis, or traumatic injuries. Mild kyphosis may not cause any significant symptoms; however, severe cases can lead to pain, respiratory difficulties, and decreased quality of life. Treatment options typically include physical therapy, bracing, and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

The pelvis is the lower part of the trunk, located between the abdomen and the lower limbs. It is formed by the fusion of several bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis (which together form the hip bone on each side), and the sacrum and coccyx in the back. The pelvis has several functions including supporting the weight of the upper body when sitting, protecting the lower abdominal organs, and providing attachment for muscles that enable movement of the lower limbs. In addition, it serves as a bony canal through which the reproductive and digestive tracts pass. The pelvic cavity contains several vital organs such as the bladder, parts of the large intestine, and in females, the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Disability Evaluation is the process of determining the nature and extent of a person's functional limitations or impairments, and assessing their ability to perform various tasks and activities in order to determine eligibility for disability benefits or accommodations. This process typically involves a medical examination and assessment by a licensed healthcare professional, such as a physician or psychologist, who evaluates the individual's symptoms, medical history, laboratory test results, and functional abilities. The evaluation may also involve input from other professionals, such as vocational experts, occupational therapists, or speech-language pathologists, who can provide additional information about the person's ability to perform specific tasks and activities in a work or daily living context. Based on this information, a determination is made about whether the individual meets the criteria for disability as defined by the relevant governing authority, such as the Social Security Administration or the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Joint instability is a condition characterized by the loss of normal joint function and increased risk of joint injury due to impaired integrity of the supporting structures, such as ligaments, muscles, or cartilage. This can result in excessive movement or laxity within the joint, leading to decreased stability and increased susceptibility to dislocations or subluxations. Joint instability may cause pain, swelling, and limited range of motion, and it can significantly impact a person's mobility and quality of life. It is often caused by trauma, degenerative conditions, or congenital abnormalities and may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, to restore joint stability.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Osteoarthritis of the spine, also known as spondylosis, is a degenerative joint disease that affects the spine. It is characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints of the spine, which can lead to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. The condition most commonly affects the joints in the lower back (lumbar) and neck (cervical) regions of the spine.

The symptoms of osteoarthritis of the spine can vary widely, but may include:

* Pain and stiffness in the neck or back, especially after prolonged periods of inactivity or overuse
* Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs, due to nerve compression
* Decreased range of motion and flexibility in the spine
* Popping, cracking, or grinding sounds in the spine with movement
* In severe cases, loss of bladder or bowel control.

The diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the spine is typically made through a combination of physical exam, medical history, and imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scan. Treatment options may include pain medication, physical therapy, exercise, and in some cases, surgery.

Pseudarthrosis is a medical term that refers to a false joint or a nonunion of bones, meaning that the broken bone ends do not heal properly and continue to move at the fracture site. This condition can cause pain, instability, and deformity in the affected limb. It may require additional treatment such as surgery to promote bone healing and stabilization.

Causality is the relationship between a cause and a result, where the cause directly or indirectly brings about the result. In the medical context, causality refers to determining whether an exposure (such as a drug, infection, or environmental factor) is the cause of a specific outcome (such as a disease or adverse event). Establishing causality often involves evaluating epidemiological data, laboratory studies, and clinical evidence using established criteria, such as those proposed by Bradford Hill. It's important to note that determining causality can be complex and challenging, particularly when there are multiple potential causes or confounding factors involved.

Sciatica is not a medical condition itself but rather a symptom of an underlying medical problem. It's typically described as pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve, which runs from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg.

The pain can vary widely, from a mild ache to a sharp, burning sensation or excruciating discomfort. Sometimes, the pain is severe enough to make moving difficult. Sciatica most commonly occurs when a herniated disk, bone spur on the spine, or narrowing of the spine (spinal stenosis) compresses part of the nerve.

While sciatica can be quite painful, it's not typically a sign of permanent nerve damage and can often be relieved with non-surgical treatments. However, if the pain is severe or persists for a long period, it's essential to seek medical attention as it could indicate a more serious underlying condition.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Orthopedic procedures are surgical or nonsurgical methods used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including injuries, deformities, or diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These procedures can range from simple splinting or casting to complex surgeries such as joint replacements, spinal fusions, or osteotomies (cutting and repositioning bones). The primary goal of orthopedic procedures is to restore function, reduce pain, and improve the quality of life for patients.

Dura Mater is the thickest and outermost of the three membranes (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord. It provides protection and support to these delicate structures. The other two layers are called the Arachnoid Mater and the Pia Mater, which are thinner and more delicate than the Dura Mater. Together, these three layers form a protective barrier around the central nervous system.

Minimally invasive surgical procedures are a type of surgery that is performed with the assistance of specialized equipment and techniques to minimize trauma to the patient's body. This approach aims to reduce blood loss, pain, and recovery time as compared to traditional open surgeries. The most common minimally invasive surgical procedure is laparoscopy, which involves making small incisions (usually 0.5-1 cm) in the abdomen or chest and inserting a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) to visualize the internal organs.

The surgeon then uses long, slender instruments inserted through separate incisions to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as cutting, coagulation, or suturing. Other types of minimally invasive surgical procedures include arthroscopy (for joint surgery), thoracoscopy (for chest surgery), and hysteroscopy (for uterine surgery). The benefits of minimally invasive surgical procedures include reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, quicker return to normal activities, and improved cosmetic results. However, not all surgeries can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, and the suitability of a particular procedure depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the nature and extent of the surgical problem, and the surgeon's expertise.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

In the field of dentistry, braces are devices used to align and straighten teeth and improve jaw position. They are typically made of metal or ceramic brackets that are bonded to the teeth, along with wires and rubber bands that apply pressure and move the teeth into proper alignment over time. The length of treatment with braces can vary but typically lasts from 1-3 years. Regular adjustments are necessary to ensure effective movement of the teeth.

The purpose of wearing braces is to correct malocclusions, such as overbites, underbites, crossbites, and open bites, as well as crowded or crooked teeth. This can lead to improved dental health, better oral function, and a more aesthetically pleasing smile. It's important to maintain good oral hygiene while wearing braces to prevent issues like tooth decay and gum disease. After the braces are removed, retainers may be used to maintain the new alignment of the teeth.

Collagen type IX is a type of collagen that is found in the extracellular matrix, particularly in the cartilage and vitreous humor of the eye. It is a heterotrimeric protein made up of three alpha chains (alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3), which are encoded by different genes (COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3). Collagen type IX is thought to play a role in the organization and stability of collagen fibrils, as well as in the interaction between collagen and other extracellular matrix components. It has been implicated in various connective tissue disorders, such as Stickler syndrome and Marshall syndrome.

Pain measurement, in a medical context, refers to the quantification or evaluation of the intensity and/or unpleasantness of a patient's subjective pain experience. This is typically accomplished through the use of standardized self-report measures such as numerical rating scales (NRS), visual analog scales (VAS), or categorical scales (mild, moderate, severe). In some cases, physiological measures like heart rate, blood pressure, and facial expressions may also be used to supplement self-reported pain ratings. The goal of pain measurement is to help healthcare providers better understand the nature and severity of a patient's pain in order to develop an effective treatment plan.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Bone malalignment is a term used to describe the abnormal alignment or positioning of bones in relation to each other. This condition can occur as a result of injury, deformity, surgery, or disease processes that affect the bones and joints. Bone malalignment can cause pain, stiffness, limited mobility, and an increased risk of further injury. In some cases, bone malalignment may require treatment such as bracing, physical therapy, or surgery to correct the alignment and improve function.

A spinal fracture, also known as a vertebral compression fracture, is a break in one or more bones (vertebrae) of the spine. This type of fracture often occurs due to weakened bones caused by osteoporosis, but it can also result from trauma such as a car accident or a fall.

In a spinal fracture, the front part of the vertebra collapses, causing the height of the vertebra to decrease, while the back part of the vertebra remains intact. This results in a wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebra. Multiple fractures can lead to a hunched forward posture known as kyphosis or dowager's hump.

Spinal fractures can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms, depending on the location and severity of the fracture. In some cases, spinal cord compression may occur, leading to more severe symptoms such as paralysis or loss of bladder and bowel control.

The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that make up the upper part of the spine, also known as the neck region. They are labeled C1 to C7, with C1 being closest to the skull and C7 connecting to the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region. The cervical vertebrae have unique structures to allow for a wide range of motion in the neck while also protecting the spinal cord and providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

Neurosurgical procedures are operations that are performed on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These procedures are typically carried out by neurosurgeons, who are medical doctors with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Neurosurgical procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including traumatic injuries, tumors, aneurysms, vascular malformations, infections, degenerative diseases, and congenital abnormalities.

Some common types of neurosurgical procedures include:

* Craniotomy: A procedure in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to gain access to the brain. This type of procedure may be performed to remove a tumor, repair a blood vessel, or relieve pressure on the brain.
* Spinal fusion: A procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together using bone grafts and metal hardware. This is often done to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by degenerative conditions or spinal deformities.
* Microvascular decompression: A procedure in which a blood vessel that is causing pressure on a nerve is repositioned or removed. This type of procedure is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a condition that causes severe facial pain.
* Deep brain stimulation: A procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a battery-operated device called a neurostimulator. The neurostimulator sends electrical impulses to the brain to help alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that uses focused beams of radiation to treat tumors, vascular malformations, and other abnormalities in the brain or spine. This type of procedure is often used for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to age, health status, or location of the lesion.

Neurosurgical procedures can be complex and require a high degree of skill and expertise. Patients considering neurosurgical treatment should consult with a qualified neurosurgeon to discuss their options and determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

Neurofibromatoses are a group of genetic disorders that primarily affect the nervous system. The term "neurofibromatosis" is often used to refer to two specific conditions: neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). These conditions are characterized by the growth of tumors on the nerves, called neurofibromas.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): This is the most common form of neurofibromatosis, affecting about 1 in every 3,000 people worldwide. NF1 is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene and is characterized by the development of benign tumors on the nerves called neurofibromas. These tumors can develop anywhere on the body, including the skin, spinal cord, and brain. Other common features of NF1 include:

* Freckles in the underarms and groin area
* Lisch nodules (small, noncancerous growths) on the iris of the eye
* Bone abnormalities, such as scoliosis or bowing of the legs
* Learning disabilities or cognitive impairment

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): This form of neurofibromatosis is much rarer than NF1, affecting about 1 in every 30,000 people worldwide. NF2 is caused by mutations in the NF2 gene and is characterized by the development of benign tumors on the nerves that transmit sound from the inner ear to the brain (acoustic neuromas). These tumors can cause hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and balance problems. Other common features of NF2 include:

* Multiple schwannomas (tumors that develop on the protective covering of the nerves)
* Meningiomas (tumors that develop in the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
* Skin tumors called neurofibromas, although these are less common than in NF1

It is important to note that while neurofibromatoses can cause a range of symptoms and complications, most people with these conditions have a normal lifespan. With proper medical care and monitoring, it is possible to manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

Neurogenic bladder is a term used to describe bladder dysfunction due to neurological damage or disease. The condition can result in problems with bladder storage and emptying, leading to symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, hesitancy, incontinence, and retention.

Neurogenic bladder can occur due to various medical conditions, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, diabetic neuropathy, and stroke. The damage to the nerves that control bladder function can result in overactivity or underactivity of the bladder muscle, leading to urinary symptoms.

Management of neurogenic bladder typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medications, bladder training, catheterization, and surgery in some cases. The specific treatment plan depends on the underlying cause of the condition and the severity of the symptoms.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

CT use in spondylolisthesis evaluation is controversial due to high radiation exposure. Spondylolisthesis patients without ... "Adult Spondylolisthesis in the Low Back - OrthoInfo - AAOS". "Pain Management: Spondylolisthesis". Tofte, Josef N.; CarlLee, ... It is the most common form of spondylolisthesis; also called spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, it occurs with a reported ... 13 (1). "Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis - Spine - Orthobullets". "Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine". ...
... can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as ... "spondylolisthesis". Farlex medical dictionary. Retrieved 2017-09-07., in turn citing: Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary ... Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra ... the grading used for spondylolistheses is of little use. It is however useful to divide the anterior to posterior dimension of ...
In cases of spondylolisthesis, some surgeons had fused the interbody space, but only from an anterior approach. During a ... Capener, Norman (1932). "Spondylolisthesis". BJS (British Journal of Surgery). 19 (75): 374-386. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800197505. ... Burns, B.H. (1933). "An Operation for Spondylolisthesis". The Lancet. 221 (5728): 1233. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)85724-4. ISSN ... Mercer, W. (1936-11-07). "Treatment of Spondylolisthesis". BMJ. 2 (3957): 945-946. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3957.945-b. ISSN 0959-8138 ...
The incidence of spondylolisthesis at 5 years was higher in the surgical failures (12 of 26 patients) than in the surgical ... There was a better result in patients who had a degenerative spondylolisthesis. A similarly designed study by Mardjekto et al. ... Herron and Trippi evaluated 24 patients, all with degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with laminectomy alone. At follow-up ... Mardjetko SM, Connolly PJ, Shott S (October 1994). "Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. A meta-analysis of literature 1970- ...
... spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis. Dislocation/subluxation in more than one joint, or in one joint on more than one occasion. ... prolapsed discs or spondylolisthesis Joints that make clicking noises (also a symptom of osteoarthritis) Susceptibility to ...
In 2018, Griffith was diagnosed with spondylolisthesis; she would undergo spinal surgery as she redshirted the 2018 season. She ...
Ullmann's line: The line of displacement in spondylolisthesis. Ullmann's syndrome: A systemic angiomatosis due to multiple ...
In one study looking at youth athletes, it was found that the mean age of individuals with spondylolisthesis was 20 years of ... Active or Inactive Spondylolysis and/or Spondylolisthesis: What's the Real Cause of Back Pain? Journal of the ... Posterolateral fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults: Analysis of fusion rate and clinical results. Journal of Spinal ... Scottie dog fracture McTimoney, M. & Micheli, L. J. Current Evaluation and Management of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis. ...
Another condition is spondylolisthesis when one vertebra slips forward onto another. The reverse of this condition is ...
The most common spondylolisthesis occurs with slipping of L4 on L5. Frymoyer showed that spondylolisthesis with canal stenosis ... L5 S1 Spondylolisthesis Grade II with forward slipping of L5 on S1 ... With increasing age, the occurrence of degenerative spondylolisthesis becomes more common. ... is known as degenerative spondylolisthesis, which narrows the spinal canal, and symptoms of spinal stenosis are common. Of ...
"National complication rates and disposition after posterior lumbar fusion for acquired spondylolisthesis". Spine. 34 (18): 1963 ...
In the most severe cases of spondylolisthesis cauda equina syndrome can result. Chronic spinal inflammatory conditions such as ...
However, segmental instability and spondylolisthesis may be considered relative contraindications by some physicians. ...
Mar had long suffered from spondylolisthesis, a slippage of disks in the back. Mar was given an waiver to compete in the ...
Lugo missed the 2012 season due to spondylolisthesis, which required spinal fusion surgery. After the procedure he was ...
Pinched or compressed nerves may result from herniated discs, lumbar spinal stenosis, or spondylolisthesis. The traditional ...
The most common vertebral fracture in children is spondylolysis which can progress to spondylolisthesis. The immature skeleton ...
Nash has a medical condition called spondylolisthesis, which causes muscle tightness and back pain. Due to the condition, when ...
She was originally interested in gymnastics but switched to swimming after suffering from spondylolisthesis. While competing in ...
Bergmann, Thomas F.; Hyde, Thomas E. (Summer 2002). "Active or Inactive Spondylolysis and/or Spondylolisthesis: What's the Real ...
In 2006, Monchik was forced into retirement due to a back injury diagnosed as spondylolisthesis. Monchik was selected for ...
The fifth lumbar vertebra is by far the most common site of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Most individuals have five ...
According to a medical writer, the young boy on the right appears to have spondylolisthesis. But the anatomy in Minoan painting ...
If the cause is spondylolisthesis or spinal stenosis, surgery appears to provide pain relief for up to two years. Low to ... Spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, piriformis syndrome, pelvic tumors, and pregnancy are other possible causes of sciatica. ... This narrowing can be caused by bone spurs, spondylolisthesis, inflammation, or a herniated disc, which decreases available ... spondylolisthesis) of vertebrae, or disc degeneration that reduces the diameter of the lateral foramen through which nerve ...
The pathologic findings in DDD include protrusion, spondylolysis, and subluxation of vertebrae (spondylolisthesis) and spinal ...
The greatest benefit appears to be in spondylolisthesis, while evidence is less good for spinal stenosis. The most common cause ... Other common pathological conditions that are treated by spinal fusion include spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, spondylosis ... Lordosis Spondylolisthesis Spondylosis Posterior rami syndrome Other degenerative spinal conditions Any condition that causes ...
October 2011). "Instrumented spondylodesis in degenerative spondylolisthesis with bioactive glass and autologous bone: a ...
"Inferior and Superior Gluteal Nerve Paresis and Femur Neck Fracture after Spondylolisthesis and Lysis - a Case-Report." Journal ...
Bloomberg was born with the back condition spondylolisthesis, which causes her back to fracture easily due to instability. In ...
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fission is a technique used extensively today to correct spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. He ...
CT use in spondylolisthesis evaluation is controversial due to high radiation exposure. Spondylolisthesis patients without ... "Adult Spondylolisthesis in the Low Back - OrthoInfo - AAOS". "Pain Management: Spondylolisthesis". Tofte, Josef N.; CarlLee, ... It is the most common form of spondylolisthesis; also called spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, it occurs with a reported ... 13 (1). "Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis - Spine - Orthobullets". "Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine". ...
Spondylolisthesis is a condition of the spine in which one of the vertebrae slips forward or backward and onto the bone ... Common Types of Spondylolisthesis. There are different types of spondylolisthesis, including:. *Degenerative spondylolisthesis ... Common Causes of Spondylolisthesis. Degenerative spondylolisthesis is the most common form of the disorder and is caused by ... Spondylolisthesis Treatment. Treatment of spondylolisthesis depends upon a variety of factors, and most often, patients can be ...
Spondylolisthesis is defined as forward translation of a vertebral body with respect to the vertebra below. The term is derived ... Isthmic spondylolisthesis is further divided into the following 3 subtypes:. * Type IIA, or lytic spondylolisthesis, involves a ... Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are often asymptomatic, and the degree of spondylolisthesis does not necessarily ... encoded search term (Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis) and Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis What to Read Next on Medscape ...
The orthopedic specialists at Cook Childrens have extensive experiencing in caring for kids and teens with spondylolisthesis. ... Can spondylolisthesis be prevented? Spondylolisthesis is hard to prevent because it can happen all at once or over time. A ... What is spondylolisthesis? Spondylolisthesis happens when the front part of a vertebra (bone in the spine) slides away from the ... Who Gets Spondylolisthesis? Young people are more at risk for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis because their bones are still ...
Learn about spondylolisthesis, a condition caused by a slipped vertebra, and treatment options. ... HOW IS SPONDYLOLISTHESIS DIAGNOSED? Many people with spondylolisthesis will have vague symptoms and very little visible ... WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS?. The most common symptom of spondylolisthesis is lower back pain. Sometimes, a ... Plain x-rays of the lumbar spine are initially best for diagnosing spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Spondylolisthesis is ...
In spondylolisthesis, one of the bones in your spine - called a vertebra - slips forward and out of place. This may occur ... How is a spondylolisthesis diagnosed?. Doctors diagnose both DS and spondylolytic spondylolisthesis using the same examination ... How is spondylolisthesis treated with surgery?. Surgery for both DS and spondylolytic spondylolisthesis includes removing the ... What are the different types of spondylolisthesis?. Many types of spondylolisthesis can affect adults. The two most common ...
When spondylolisthesis occurs due to spondylolysis, the condition is called isthmic spondylolisthesis. ... Spondylolisthesis is a condition where a vertebra slips over the vertebra below it. ... Spondylolisthesis is a condition where a vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below it. When spondylolisthesis occurs due ... Spondylolisthesis can also occur due to degenerative changes in the spine (degenerative spondylolisthesis), trauma (traumatic ...
... for the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (Grade I per Meyerding classification) with spinal stenosis. We are ... Grade I spondylolisthesis per Meyerding classification includes up to 25% anterior translation of a vertebra relative to the ... Have lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (Grade I per Meyerding classification), at one level from L1 to S1, with ... A patient is considered to have spondylolisthesis with a minimum 10% anterolisthesis at the affected level in a lateral x-ray ...
Spondylolisthesis exercises to avoid are those that put the back in extension, as well as high-impact activities and those that ... Overview of Spondylolisthesis You may be surprised to find out that spondylolisthesis is the most common cause of back pain for ... Spondylolisthesis Exercises to Avoid For those who are looking to rehabilitate a non-operative spondylolisthesis, expect it to ... Best Exercises for Spondylolisthesis Now that you know which spondylolisthesis exercises to avoid, what are the best exercises ...
Spondylolisthesis is a back injury involving a forward slipping of one vertebra over another. We examine the symptoms, ... What is Spondylolisthesis?. Spondylolisthesis is a back injury involving a forward slipping of one vertebra over another and is ... Symptoms of Spondylolisthesis. Spondylolisthesis symptoms are categorized into grades 1 to 4 depending on severity. ... Spondylolisthesis is graded depending on how far forward the vertebra has slipped. It is measured by X-ray from the side and ...
If youre having pain and other issues from spondylolisthesis, youll want to get treatment from UVA Health spine expert. ... Spondylolisthesis Treatment at UVA Health. At UVA Health, our spine experts can get to the root of your pain and other issues. ... Spondylolisthesis occurs when one of the spines vertebrae (usually in the lower back area) slips out of place. Often there are ... What Causes Spondylolisthesis?. The condition is most often caused by a stress fracture. This makes the vertebra unstable and ...
The impact of Spondylolisthesis on quality of life.. *The latest clinical and research advances for Spondylolisthesis as ... Most cases of spondylolisthesis are not severe and do not involve high levels of slippage. The severity of spondylolisthesis is ... High-grade spondylolisthesis is thought to occur in 5%-10% of cases of spondylolisthesis. It typically develops during ... About the Medifocus Guidebook on Spondylolisthesis. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Spondylolisthesis, its ...
Most cases of spondylolisthesis are not severe and do not involve high levels of slippage. The severity of spondylolisthesis is ... High-grade spondylolisthesis is thought to occur in 5%-10% of cases of spondylolisthesis. It typically develops during ... What is Spondylolisthesis. The spine is made up of a series of interconnecting bones called vertebrae that form the spinal ... Medifocus Guidebook on Spondylolisthesis. A Comprehensive Patient Guide to Symptoms, Treatment, Research, and Support. Updated ...
Degenerative spondylolisthesis. Visit this section to know more. ... Spondylolisthesis surgery & treatment is done to treat spine ... The types of spondylolisthesis include:. Type 1 - Congenital spondylolisthesis. Congenital spondylolisthesis is a condition ... Spondylolisthesis. The Greek term for slipping of the spine is Spondylolisthesis . The Greek term for slipping of the spine is ... Type 2 - Isthmic spondylolisthesis. Isthmic spondylolisthesis is a defect in a part of the bone called the pars ...
A group of children who underwent fusion surgery for spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine 30 years ago showed a clear ... Spondylolisthesis (forward displacement of a vertebra) in the lumbar spine occurs in 6% of the population and does not usually ... The latest study is a long-term follow-up of around 40 patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis who underwent surgery as ... A group of children who underwent fusion surgery for spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine 30 years ago showed a clear ...
Spondylolisthesis (plural: spondylolistheses) denotes the slippage of one vertebra relative to the one below. ... To adequately describe a spondylolisthesis, both the type (see the classification of spondylolisthesis) and grade (see grading ... Spondylolisthesis can occur anywhere in the vertebral column but is most frequent in the lumbar spine, particularly when due to ... Spondylolisthesis is from the Ancient Greek σπονδύλους (spondylous) meaning vertebra and ολίσθηση (olisthesis) meaning slippage ...
Common Causes of Spondylolisthesis and What They Mean for Your Body. When faced with a condition like spondylolisthesis, many ... Pathologic spondylolisthesis, caused by bone diseases.. Understanding the cause of spondylolisthesis means understanding the ... Contributors to spondylolisthesis. Because spondylolisthesis occurs when facet joints develop defects, tracing the source of ... addressing Degenerative spondylolisthesis may require a vastly different approach from traumatic spondylolisthesis, allowing a ...
Learn the conditions of spondylolisthesis and begin the journey to enjoy life again today with the doctors of DISC. Find a ... What Causes Spondylolisthesis?. Spondylolisthesis can impact a person at any age. Young people who participate in sports with a ... What Is Spondylolisthesis?. Spondylolisthesis results from one of the vertebrae of the spinal column slipping forward over the ... Types of Spondylolisthesis. There are several types of spondylolisthesis. The two most common are:. *Degenerative ...
Can spondylolisthesis lead to incapacity for work? ➤ These exercises strengthen the lumbar & cervical spine! ... What is spondylolisthesis?. In spondylolisthesis, one or several vertebra slip against each other. The reason for this is wear ... Treatment of Spondylolisthesis at MVZ Dr. Schneiderhan in Munich. In so-called spondylolisthesis one or several vertebral ... Tips for spondylolisthesis sufferers: These exercises help. If you have spondylolisthesis, pain can develop when a shortened ...
Laminectomy plus fusion versus laminectomy alone for lumbar spondylolisthesis. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1424-34. doi:10.1056/ ... Correction of spondylolisthesis. Based on the preoperative and postoperative X-rays, we will analyse the correction of ... Minimally invasive surgery versus open surgery in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis: study protocol of a multicentre, ... Minimally invasive surgery versus open surgery in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis: study protocol of a multicentre, ...
Two studies both demonstrated that patients with spondylolisthesis treated with a surgical procedure had gains over non- ... Two studies both demonstrated that patients with spondylolisthesis treated with a surgical procedure had gains over non- ... I have lumbar degeneration including spondylolisthesis and have been attempting non-operative treatment without relief of ...
Neurosurgery Joins Other Societies to Send LTE to NEJM Regarding Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis 05.1.16 ...
isthmic spondylolisthesis (spondylolytic spondylolithesis) * defined as forward translation of one vertebral segment over the ... Pediatric Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis represent a continuum of disease where there is a fracture of the pars ... approximately 15% of individuals with a pars interarticularis lesion have progression to spondylolisthesis ...
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Helped with Chiropractic. Posted on February 15, 2021. by Dr. Justin Swanson ... Spondylolisthesis is measured by drawing a line along the edge of the vertebrae on a side view of the x-ray. ... There are several types of spondylolisthesis and the major concern of this condition is that, if severe enough, it can narrow ... The degenerative form of spondylolisthesis commonly occurs in people in their upper 60s or more, with studies showing that ...
What Is Spondylolisthesis?. Spondylolisthesis is a medical diagnosis to describe the forward slippage of one vertebral body in ... Symptoms of Spondylolisthesis. Symptoms may include pain, discomfort, stiffness, and muscle spasms in the lower back. Symptoms ... Treatments for Spondylolisthesis. Treatment varies based on the severity of the symptoms and degree of slippage. ... If the fracture is severe enough causing a slippage, referred to as isthmic spondylolisthesis, there may be varying degrees of ...
I have just been diagnosed with grade 2 Spondylolisthesis at L5/S1 with bilateral pars defect at L5, which has resulted in ... I have just been diagnosed with grade 2 Spondylolisthesis at L5/S1 with bilateral pars defect at L5, which has resulted in ... Unfortunately the result came back with grade 2 Spondylolisthesis with some impingement of the nerve. One good news is that the ... Spondylolisthesis seems stable based in flexion / extension X-rays. The medical expert has suggested I undertake surgery which ...
Spondylolisthesis surgery is performed at Aster Orthocare in Discovery Garden, Karama, Muteena, Silicon Oasis, Barsha, Warqa, ... The common causes of spondylolisthesis are overuse injuries of the spine, congenital abnormalities, trauma, bone disorders and ... Isthmic spondylolisthesis - This type of spondylolisthesis occurs because of a defect in the pars interarticularis part of the ... Pathologic spondylolisthesis. Among the various subtypes of spondylolisthesis, the two most common forms commonly observed are ...
Spondylolisthesis is an abnormal alignment of the bones (vertebral bodies) in your spine that can be very painful. Contact ... Causes of Spondylolisthesis. There are many causes of spondylolisthesis. In all cases, there is weakening of the joints and ... Degenerative spondylolisthesis occurs most commonly at the lumbar spine (L4-5).. *Cervical spondylolisthesis is a condition ... What is Spondylolisthesis. Spondylolisthesis describes abnormal alignment of the bones (vertebral bodies) in your spine. In the ...
Here is a detailed guide on how to sit with spondylolisthesis at work. ... Spondylolisthesis is a spinal dislocation causing pain for office workers to sit. ... What is Spondylolisthesis?. Spondylolisthesis is a backbone disorder in which one of your lower spinal bones dislocates and ... But what causes spondylolisthesis, and what could make it worse? What Causes Spondylolisthesis?. The causes of ...
  • What are the different types of spondylolisthesis? (bmc.org)
  • Many types of spondylolisthesis can affect adults. (bmc.org)
  • There are other less common types of spondylolisthesis, such as slippage caused by a recent, severe fracture or a tumor. (bmc.org)
  • There are several types of spondylolisthesis and the major concern of this condition is that, if severe enough, it can narrow the spinal canal and put pressure on the spinal cord causing neurological problems. (austintxchiro.com)
  • [1] [2] There are 5 types of Spondylolisthesis including: dysplastic, isthmic, degenerative, traumatic and pathologic. (backintelligence.com)
  • This pars defect is commonly seen with other types of Spondylolisthesis, which can help differentiate this type from the other 4 types. (backintelligence.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis most commonly occurs in the lumbar spine, primarily at the L5-S1 level, with the L5 vertebral body anteriorly translating over the S1 vertebral body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a condition of the spine which results from one of the vertebrae slipping forward or backward and onto the bone underneath. (memorialhermann.org)
  • Because the spine consists of 24 vertebrae along the back that protect the spinal cord, spondylolisthesis can occur anywhere along the spine. (memorialhermann.org)
  • Degenerative spondylolisthesis is the most common form of the disorder and is caused by aging and the natural wearing and tearing on the discs of the spine. (memorialhermann.org)
  • The spine specialists affiliated with Memorial Hermann Mischer Neurosciences utilize a variety of state-of-the-art equipment to diagnose spondylolisthesis, with advanced technology that can help locate the precise area where pain is occurring and why. (memorialhermann.org)
  • Spondylolisthesis can occur at any level of the spinal column, although it is most common in the lower lumbar spine. (medscape.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis happens when the front part of a vertebra (bone in the spine) slides away from the back part. (cookchildrens.org)
  • Plain x-rays of the lumbar spine are initially best for diagnosing spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. (medtronic.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is most easily seen on the lateral and oblique views of the spine, but in some cases, specialized imaging studies such as a bone scan or CT scan (CAT scan) are needed to make the diagnosis. (medtronic.com)
  • In spondylolisthesis, one of the bones in your spine - called a vertebra - slips forward and out of place. (bmc.org)
  • The LimiFlex™ Clinical Trial is a prospective, concurrently controlled, multi-center study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of decompression and stabilization with the Empirical Spine LimiFlex™ Paraspinous Tension Band compared to decompression and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with concomitant posterolateral fusion (PLF) for the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (Grade I per Meyerding classification) with spinal stenosis. (rush.edu)
  • Spondylolisthesis exercises to avoid include those lumbar extension movements that take your spine past the neutral position, states Sanford Orthopedics Sports Medicine. (livestrong.com)
  • With grade 1 Spondylolisthesis there may be no symptoms at all and patients may be totally unaware they have a defect in the spine. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • The Greek term for slipping of the spine is Spondylolisthesis . (apollohospitals.com)
  • Congenital spondylolisthesis is a condition where a person is born with the abnormality of the posterior bony arch of the spine, which causes the slippage. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Forward slippage secondary to arthritis of the spine is known as Degenerative spondylolisthesis. (apollohospitals.com)
  • A group of children who underwent fusion surgery for spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine 30 years ago showed a clear reduction in back pain when followed up seven years later. (medicaldaily.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis can occur anywhere in the vertebral column but is most frequent in the lumbar spine, particularly when due to spondylolysis at L5/S1 ref , and when due to degeneration at L4/5 7 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • At Ideal Spine, our focus is on not only the slippage of the spine leading to spondylolisthesis, but the physiological contributors that enabled the weakening of facet joints in the first place. (idealspine.com)
  • At Ideal Spine, we preach a holistic look at conditions like spondylolisthesis, as a way of putting total spine health in perspective. (idealspine.com)
  • This form of spondylolisthesis occurs due to degeneration in the spine. (sciatica.com)
  • Whether you have degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis or another spine condition, Personalized Pain Diagnostics (PPD) allows us to use the latest technology and proprietary diagnostic techniques to help us create a personalized treatment plan. (sciatica.com)
  • In so-called spondylolisthesis one or several vertebral bodies, mostly in the region of the lower lumbar spine, are displaced against each other. (orthopaede.com)
  • The precursor stage of spondylolisthesis, known as spondylolysis (crack in the vertebral arch), often occurs with certain sports in which the spine is intensely stretched. (orthopaede.com)
  • X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine usually clearly reveal spondylolisthesis, help us to estimate its severity and to select the best possible treatment for you. (orthopaede.com)
  • Patients with degenerative or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine usually present with radicular leg pain or neurogenic claudication, with or without low back pain. (bmj.com)
  • On December 3, 2020, the Annals of Vertebral Subluxation Research published a case study documenting the improvement of a patient under chiropractic care who had significant lower spine degeneration with spondylolisthesis. (austintxchiro.com)
  • Conditions like spondylosis , spondylolysis , and spondylolisthesis are commonly heard medical terms related to the spine. (spinemd.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis occurs when the bones in the spine do not properly align and a vertebra slides forwards or backwards in relation to the vertebra next to it and often result in bad pain. (cnsomd.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis describes abnormal alignment of the bones (vertebral bodies) in your spine. (cnsomd.com)
  • Because spondylolisthesis results from weak joints and ligaments in the spine, these joints (e.g. interverbal discs, facet joints) can become quite painful, causing neck or low back pain depending on the location of spondylolisthesis. (cnsomd.com)
  • Degenerative wear and tear ( spine arthritis ) is the most common cause of spondylolisthesis. (cnsomd.com)
  • Degenerative spondylolisthesis occurs most commonly at the lumbar spine (L4-5). (cnsomd.com)
  • At times, a wrong workout or repetitive spine stretch may also result in a disc slip, causing spondylolisthesis. (autonomous.ai)
  • The basic reason why people encounter spondylolisthesis is associated with an over-extension of the spine. (autonomous.ai)
  • The best way to sit with spondylolisthesis is to have a neutral spine position and eliminate any pressure on your spine. (autonomous.ai)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a degenerative disease of the lumbar spine that results in pain and functional disability. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Clinically, a patient with spondylolisthesis reports back pain with lifting, twisting, or bending of the lumbar spine. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Patients with spondylolisthesis report back pain with motion of the lumbar spine. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Plain radiographs of the lumbar spine usually are sufficient to diagnose spondylolisthesis. (seekhealthz.com)
  • MRI of the lumbar spine should be performed in all patients thought to have spondylolisthesis. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Degenerative spondylolisthesis is a condition that often occurs in adulthood (50 years and over) and affects mainly the lumbar spine (L4 hysteresis). (gsdinternational.com)
  • The guidelines that apply to spondylolisthesis are in Section 1.04 - Disorders of the Spine . (bergerandgreen.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward in relation to an adjacent vertebra, usually in the lumbar spine. (mwspinecare.com)
  • Congenital spondylolisthesis which occurs from birth, when the spine of the fetus develops with misaligned vertebrae. (theneurologypractice.com)
  • As spondylolisthesis is often caused by natural wear-and-tear of the spine that comes with age, there is no foolproof way to completely prevent spondylolisthesis. (theneurologypractice.com)
  • The goals of treatment for spondylolisthesis would be to reduce pain, allow your spine to heal properly and allow you to return to your daily activities. (theneurologypractice.com)
  • Some people with spondylolisthesis have a congenital defect in their cervical spine called spina bifida occulta. (wascherspineinstitute.com)
  • Cervical spine X-rays and MRIs are usually not adequate for making the diagnosis of cervical spondylolisthesis. (wascherspineinstitute.com)
  • Additionally, one can be born with it (congenital), or spondylolisthesis can occur early in life while the spine is still developing. (chiro-trust.org)
  • For example, certain Inuit populations carry their babies vertically in a papoose that overloads the child's young spine during development, which results in a greater prevalence of spondylolisthesis among that group. (chiro-trust.org)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a condition of the spine that occurs when one of your bones in your spine, also known as the vertebrae, slips forward out of position onto the vertebra below it. (orthorelieve.com)
  • Pars Defect/Spondylolisthesis is a defect or stress fracture of the bones of the lower spine called the pars interarticularis. (scottlearymd.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a condition when one of the lumbar vertebrae in spine displaces anteriorly or forward in relation to the vertebrae below it causing pain and weakness. (ptmasterguide.com)
  • Simply stated, in degenerative spondylolisthesis, the forward slipping of the vertebrae is caused by degenerative changes in the spine that occur with normal aging. (backintelligence.com)
  • Increased body weight increases the risk for degenerative spondylolisthesis because it increases the load on the spine. (backintelligence.com)
  • [2] [5] Low grade spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine are asymptomatic in most cases. (backintelligence.com)
  • A Proof-of-concept Study With NVDX3, an Osteogenic Implant of Human Allogenic Origin, in the Treatment of Low Grade Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis by Interbody Spine Fusion in Adults. (who.int)
  • Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are often asymptomatic, and the degree of spondylolisthesis does not necessarily correlate with the incidence or severity of symptoms, even when a patient is experiencing back pain . (medscape.com)
  • What are the signs and symptoms of spondylolisthesis? (cookchildrens.org)
  • Some people with spondylolisthesis will associate an injury with the onset of their symptoms. (medtronic.com)
  • Many people with spondylolisthesis will have vague symptoms and very little visible deformity. (medtronic.com)
  • Spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolisthesis rarely cause pain, but when symptoms do occur, they typically affect children and adolescents. (spine-health.com)
  • Even though it sounds serious, the symptoms of a low-grade spondylolisthesis can be somewhat mild, says the AAOS. (livestrong.com)
  • Here we explain the symptoms, causes, and treatment of Spondylolisthesis. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Spondylolisthesis symptoms are categorized into grades 1 to 4 depending on severity. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Grade 2 Spondylolisthesis symptoms may include lower back pain, which may, or may not radiate into the legs. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Surgery for spondylolisthesis is recommended if conservative therapy has not been effective, symptoms progress, and unremitting pain leads to a significant disruption in quality of life. (medifocus.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis can also develop gradually and initially without symptoms for those affected. (orthopaede.com)
  • Whether conservative treatment or an operation is recommended, not only the cause, type and severity of the spondylolisthesis and the symptoms are taken into consideration but also the age of the patient (a possible degenerative form of spondylolisthesis), physical activity, the condition of the intervertebral discs and the vertebral body bordering them. (orthopaede.com)
  • I have lumbar degeneration including spondylolisthesis and have been attempting non-operative treatment without relief of symptoms and will be undergoing surgery soon, what does the research show in terms of cost-effectiveness and quality of life? (eorthopod.com)
  • The common symptoms of spondylolisthesis include lower back tenderness and pain, thigh pain, back and leg stiffness, and muscle tightness in the hamstring and buttocks. (autonomous.ai)
  • Many patients with spondylolisthesis experience radicular symptoms that manifest on physical examination as weakness and sensory abnormality in the affected dermatomes. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Learn all about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of spondylolisthesis. (spondylolisthesis-pain.com)
  • Patients with spondylolisthesis are indicated for surgical treatment in the presence of disabling pain symptoms, resistant to medical and physical therapy, present for at least 3 months, and especially when pain irradiates to the lower limbs with or without the presence of neurological claudication or neurological deficits. (gsdinternational.com)
  • Your doctor can help you understand if you meet the guidelines for a qualifying impairment and ensure she documents your spondylolisthesis symptoms, limitations, and treatments adequately. (bergerandgreen.com)
  • In the case of spondylolisthesis, the translated vertebrae causes a narrowing of the pathway for the nerves passing through it, and can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the severity of the displacement. (cornerstonephysio.com)
  • It is important to note that most other orthopaedic spinal conditions share the same symptoms, so the presence of these symptoms does not predict the likelihood of spondylolisthesis. (cornerstonephysio.com)
  • Some people who have been diagnosed with spondylolisthesis may not have very many symptoms. (milescitymontanachiropractor.com)
  • People with mild spondylolisthesis may not experience any symptoms. (orthorelieve.com)
  • If the doctor thinks you have spondylolisthesis after asking some questions on your symptoms, he may run some imaging tests to see if your vertebrae is out of alignment. (orthorelieve.com)
  • Most of the time, non invasive treatment options are sufficient enough to relieve spondylolisthesis symptoms. (orthorelieve.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is only symptomatic in 10% of patients, meaning most patients will not experience symptoms due to this condition. (backintelligence.com)
  • When spondylolisthesis occurs due to spondylolysis, the condition is called isthmic spondylolisthesis . (spine-health.com)
  • Isthmic Spondylolisthesis. (spine-health.com)
  • Systematic review of observational studies reveals no association between low back pain and lumbar spondylolysis with or without isthmic spondylolisthesis. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Isthmic spondylolisthesis is a defect in a part of the bone called the pars interarticularis. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Isthmic spondylolisthesis, caused by stress fractures. (idealspine.com)
  • For example, if Isthmic spondylolisthesis is determined to be the diagnosis, a chiropractor can help patients understand how else they may be prone to stress-induced spinal issues, such as disc compression. (idealspine.com)
  • While the cause of isthmic spondylolisthesis is unknown, it's believed that this form of the condition may be due to sports-related trauma from activities like gymnastics, football and wrestling that put repetitive strain on the lumbar region. (sciatica.com)
  • Isthmic spondylolisthesis is one of the most common causes of low back pain in young adults, adolescents and children. (sciatica.com)
  • If the fracture is severe enough causing a slippage, referred to as isthmic spondylolisthesis , there may be varying degrees of central stenosis which can be severely pinching the nerves. (spinemd.com)
  • Isthmic spondylolisthesis - This type of spondylolisthesis occurs because of a defect in the pars interarticularis part of the vertebra. (asterorthocare.com)
  • Isthmic spondylolisthesis is a result of spondylolysis. (theneurologypractice.com)
  • In the congenital and high dysplastic group, spondylolisthesis surgery is done at early stages to prevent neurological complications. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Dysplastic spondylolisthesis - This subtype is a congenital condition, present at birth, and is caused because of abnormal bone formation of the facet part of the vertebra resulting in spondylolisthesis. (asterorthocare.com)
  • Other forms of spondylolisthesis may be associated with congenital disease, trauma or bone fractures , and underlying bone pathology (e.g. (amboss.com)
  • spondylolisthesis secondary to congenital anomalies (e.g., hypoplastic facets, sacral deficits, poorly developed pars interarticularis ). (amboss.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis can be congenital (present at birth) or develop during childhood or later in life. (mwspinecare.com)
  • A hangman's fracture is a specific type of spondylolisthesis where the second cervical vertebra (C2) is displaced anteriorly relative to the C3 vertebra due to fractures of the C2 vertebra's pedicles. (wikipedia.org)
  • This type of spondylolisthesis is most often seen in middle-aged men. (bmc.org)
  • Another type of spondylolisthesis is degenerative spondylolisthesis, occurring usually after age 50. (mwspinecare.com)
  • This is to assess the upright alignment and to help 'grade' the degree of slippage, and to determine what type of spondylolisthesis is present. (eurospinepatientline.org)
  • Many people with spondylolisthesis don't realize that they have it. (cookchildrens.org)
  • Most people with spondylolisthesis are symptom-free, and never know that they have the condition. (cnsomd.com)
  • One to two days of bed rest may provide pain relief for people with spondylolisthesis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Young people are more at risk for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis because their bones are still growing, especially during a growth spurt. (cookchildrens.org)
  • The non-surgical treatments for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are most commonly rest, followed by trunk and abdominal strengthening exercises. (medtronic.com)
  • The most common site for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis L5 S1. (orthofixar.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward onto the vertebrae below it. (medtronic.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis causes back pain due to instability in the vertebrae. (livestrong.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a stress fracture in one of the vertebrae in your back, resulting in the vertebrae shifting or slipping out of place, explains the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). (livestrong.com)
  • Doctors will rate the spondylolisthesis as low grade or high grade, depending on how much the vertebrae have slipped forward. (livestrong.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis occurs when one of the spine's vertebrae (usually in the lower back area) slips out of place. (uvahealth.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a potentially painful spinal condition where one of the vertebrae in the spinal column slips out of alignment and onto the vertebra below it. (sciatica.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis results from one of the vertebrae of the spinal column slipping forward over the one below it. (sciatica.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is measured by drawing a line along the edge of the vertebrae on a side view of the x-ray. (austintxchiro.com)
  • Cervical spondylolisthesis is a condition that develops when one of these vertebrae slips out of alignment, causing pressure on the surrounding nerves and spinal cord which produces neck pain, and paresthesia, and can lead to paralysis. (cnsomd.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a vertebral body slips anteriorly in relation to the subjacent vertebrae . (amboss.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis happens when one of the vertebrae slips out of position. (theneurologypractice.com)
  • Traumatic spondylolisthesis is caused by a traumatic injury to the spinal cord which directly causes the slippage of the vertebrae. (theneurologypractice.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a condition where one vertebrae of your spinal column becomes displaced in reference to the vertebrae directly below it. (cornerstonephysio.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is forward slipping or displacement of a vertebrae (back bone) on the one below it. (backintelligence.com)
  • In lumbar spondylolisthesis, a vertebrae in the lower back slips forward. (msdmanuals.com)
  • But the ageing process (a degenerative form of spondylolisthesis) or genetic predisposition can also cause the disease. (orthopaede.com)
  • The degenerative form of spondylolisthesis commonly occurs in people in their upper 60s or more, with studies showing that upwards of 42% of those age 60 to 69 will have degenerative spondylolisthesis. (austintxchiro.com)
  • Imaging studies are necessary for an accurate assessment and diagnosis of spondylolisthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Screening laboratory tests, consisting of complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and automated blood chemistry testing, should be performed if the diagnosis of spondylolisthesis is in question. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Screening laboratory tests consisting of complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear antibody testing, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), B-27 antigen screening, and automated blood chemistry testing should be performed if the diagnosis of spondylolisthesis is in question to help rule out other causes of pain. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is graded based upon the degree of slippage of one vertebral body relative to the subsequent adjacent vertebral body. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is divided into three subtypes: A: pars fatigue fracture B: pars elongation due to multiple healed stress effects C: pars acute fracture Classification by degree of the slippage, as measured as percentage of the width of the vertebral body: Grade I spondylolisthesis accounts for approximately 75% of all cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spondylolisthesis is defined as forward translation of a vertebral body with respect to the vertebra below. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of spondylolysis is confirmed by the discovery of a pars defect on a lateral x-ray or CT scan, and spondylolisthesis is confirmed by noting the forward position of one vertebral body on another. (medtronic.com)
  • Pediatric Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis represent a continuum of disease where there is a fracture of the pars interarticularis (spondylolysis) which may progress to anterior subluxation of one vertebral body anterior to the adjacent inferior vertebral body (spondylolisthesis). (orthobullets.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is the displacement of vertebral disc from the spinal column. (asterorthocare.com)
  • A spondylolisthesis ("Spondylo" or "Spondy" for short) is the anterior movement of a vertebral body. (kaminskichiro.com)
  • Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) was first described in 1930 by Junghanns, who coined the term pseudospondylolisthesis to describe the presence of forward slippage of a vertebral body in the presence of an intact neural arch. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • 2 The term degenerative spondylolisthesis was originally used by Newman and Stone 3 and is the terminology most commonly used to describe the anterior slippage of one vertebral body on another in the presence of an intact neural arch. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The inter-vertebral disc at the level of the spondylolisthesis is subjected to considerable anteriorly directed shear forces and is the main structure that opposes these shear forces, functioning to prevent against further slippage and keeping the spinal motion segment in a stable equilibrium. (orthofixar.com)
  • If your vertebral discs are irritating the nerves in your back, you may be diagnosed with spondylolisthesis. (milescitymontanachiropractor.com)
  • Pathologic spondylolisthesis, caused by bone diseases. (idealspine.com)
  • Likewise, determining Pathologic spondylolisthesis can spur individuals to prepare for future ramifications of a condition like osteoporosis. (idealspine.com)
  • 1 The clinical and pathologic features of this entity were further defined by MacNab, who described the condition as "spondylolisthesis with an intact neural arch. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • More recently, an etiology-based classification has been proposed that distinguishes between the pathologic processes that may cause spondylolisthesis. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Dysplastic spondylolisthesis , occurring congenitally. (idealspine.com)
  • Traumatic spondylolisthesis, caused by acute fractures. (idealspine.com)
  • For instance, addressing Degenerative spondylolisthesis may require a vastly different approach from traumatic spondylolisthesis, allowing a chiropractor to recommend treatment geared towards alleviating the condition and promoting long-term wellness. (idealspine.com)
  • Disc degeneration from old age can also contribute to the development of spondylolisthesis. (orthorelieve.com)
  • also called spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, it occurs with a reported prevalence of 5-7 percent in the US population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type II, or isthmic (spondylolytic) spondylolisthesis, is caused by pars interarticularis defects. (medscape.com)
  • What is spondylolytic spondylolisthesis? (bmc.org)
  • In most cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, the pars fracture occurs during adolescence and goes unnoticed until adulthood. (bmc.org)
  • Most patients with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis do not have pain and are often surprised to find they have the slippage when they see it in x-rays. (bmc.org)
  • We present the design of the MISOS (Minimal Invasive Surgery versus Open Surgery) trial on the effectiveness of MISS versus open surgery in patients with degenerative or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. (bmj.com)
  • Methods and analysis All patients (age 18-75 years) with neurogenic claudication or radicular leg pain based on low-grade degenerative or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis with persistent complaints for at least 3 months are eligible. (bmj.com)
  • The Minimal Invasive Surgery versus Open Surgery (MISOS) trial evaluates the effectiveness of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation versus open surgery in patients with degenerative or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. (bmj.com)
  • Treatment of spondylolisthesis depends upon a variety of factors, and most often, patients can be successfully treated without surgery. (memorialhermann.org)
  • For those patients diagnosed with Grades I and II spondylolisthesis, treatment usually involves rest followed by a physical therapy regimen to strengthen the back muscles. (memorialhermann.org)
  • Most patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis are asymptomatic. (medifocus.com)
  • We strive to make patients aware of stressors caused by posture, lifestyle, genetics, or peripheral conditions, so that appropriate steps can be taken to prevent future spinal shift and spondylolisthesis. (idealspine.com)
  • Determining the core contributor to facet joint defects and the ensuing spondylolisthesis can give chiropractors the information they need to help patients live comfortably and mitigate future issues. (idealspine.com)
  • Better qualification of spondylolisthesis also affords patients the opportunity for more individualized treatment through a Chiropractic BioPhysics (CBP) adjustment schedule. (idealspine.com)
  • Though patients may be focused on moving past a spondylolisthesis diagnosis, having it qualified can shed light on other areas of wellness that demand attention-specifically contributing factors to the condition. (idealspine.com)
  • For patients prone to peripheral conditions or future issues stemming from specific spondylolisthesis contributors, this may mean the difference between long-term wellness and consistent, chronic pain. (idealspine.com)
  • Two studies both demonstrated that patients with spondylolisthesis treated with a surgical procedure had gains over non-operative treatment in terms of QALYs ranging from 0.0991 to 0.22 during a two-year horizon and one going on to further analyze at a four -year horizon showing a QALY of 0.34. (eorthopod.com)
  • Introduction Patients with symptomatic spondylolisthesis are frequently treated with nerve root decompression, in addition to pedicle screw fixation and interbody fusion. (bmj.com)
  • The trial is the largest, multicentre, randomised trial on minimal invasive surgery versus open surgery in patients with spondylolisthesis. (bmj.com)
  • Fortunately, most patients with spondylolisthesis can become symptom free by engaging in certain core strengthening and skeletal stabilization exercises. (cnsomd.com)
  • A disease of the fifth decade and beyond, patients with spondylolisthesis often report radicular pain of the lower extremity and often experience pseudoclaudication with walking. (seekhealthz.com)
  • This can also be a diagnostic procedure confirming patients actual low back pain originates from the spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis. (aofoundation.org)
  • However most spondylolisthesis patients typically experience lower back pain. (orthorelieve.com)
  • Fifty-two chronic pain patients (18-75 years) with LBP and/or leg pain (Visual Analogue Scale ≥ 30) were recruited from orthopaedic clinics (spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, or segmental pain) and primary healthcare (chronic LBP). (lu.se)
  • Leveraging machine learning to ascertain the implications of preoperative body mass index on surgical outcomes for 282 patients with preoperative obesity and lumbar spondylolisthesis in the Quality Outcomes Database. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 15 ] Lumbar TDA is FDA-approved for skeletally mature patients with single-level DDD and no more than a Grade 1 spondylolisthesis who have failed at least 6 months of nonoperative management. (medscape.com)
  • This means that narrowing of the spinal canal is less likely than in other kinds of spondylolisthesis, such as DS in which the entire spinal bone slips forward. (bmc.org)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a backbone disorder in which one of your lower spinal bones dislocates and slips forwards on the other bone right below it. (autonomous.ai)
  • If the spondylolisthesis is severe, however, your doctor may recommend surgery that may involve removing bone and disk to alleviate pressure on the nerves, thereby reducing the pain. (orthorelieve.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one bone in your back (vertebra) slides over the bone below it. (dallasneurosurgical.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is partial displacement of a bone in the lower back. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is diagnosed by severity as Grades I-IV, with Grade I designated as the most moderate and IV the most severe, according to the degree of slippage. (memorialhermann.org)
  • In cases of more severe spondylolisthesis, Grades III and IV where conservative treatment methods are ineffective, surgical intervention, such as lumbar fusion, may be required if the vertebra continue to slip and if there is nerve compression. (memorialhermann.org)
  • Most cases of spondylolisthesis are not severe and do not involve high levels of slippage. (medifocus.com)
  • In severe cases, cervical spondylolisthesis can cause weakness, difficulty walking, or bowel/bladder incontinence. (wascherspineinstitute.com)
  • Children younger than 5 years of age rarely present with spondylolysis, and severe spondylolisthesis is equally rare. (orthofixar.com)
  • More severe spondylolisthesis cases can also result in difficulty standing or walking. (orthorelieve.com)
  • He will then give you a grade based on how severe the spondylolisthesis is - grades 1 or 2 are less serious while grades 3 and 4 may require surgery. (orthorelieve.com)
  • The severity of spondylolisthesis is determined by the degree of slippage observed on X-rays. (medifocus.com)
  • Like other conditions, spondylolisthesis can vary markedly in its severity from person to person. (milescitymontanachiropractor.com)
  • A concurrently controlled study of LimiFlex™ Paraspinous Tension Band in the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. (rush.edu)
  • Have lumbar spinal stenosis, at the level diagnosed with degenerative spondylolisthesis, and confirmed radiographically using CT or MRI. (rush.edu)
  • Primary degenerative spondylolisthesis is typically seen in middle-aged women and usually presents with clinical spinal stenosis. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • From Herkowitz HN, Kurz LT: Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis: A prospective study comparing decompression with decompression and intertransverse process arthrodesis. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis (plural: spondylolistheses) denotes the slippage of one vertebra relative to the one below. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Spondylolisthesis is typically asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis may be asymptomatic or cause lumbar pain on exertion, gait problems, radiculopathic pain , or urinary incontinence . (amboss.com)
  • Older adults usually are diagnosed with spondylolisthesis due to age-related wear and tear that gradually leads to fractures. (sciatica.com)
  • Older adults can develop spondylolisthesis because wear and tear on the back leads to stress fractures. (dallasneurosurgical.com)
  • High-grade spondylolisthesis is thought to occur in 5%-10% of cases of spondylolisthesis. (medifocus.com)
  • The author and spondylolisthesis-pain.com is not responsible for the actions of any individual that may occur as a result of reading this website. (spondylolisthesis-pain.com)
  • Some studies report that spondylolisthesis usually develops at a very young age, and certain pelvic alignment findings may contribute to whether it is likely to occur, such as a "sway back" posture (increased sacral slope). (chiro-trust.org)
  • If the pars defect is bilateral, it may allow slippage of the vertebra, typically L5 on S1, resulting in spondylolisthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Using a CBP treatment plan, it may be possible to not only mitigate and reverse spondylolisthesis, but also lower the rate of defect to facet joints. (idealspine.com)
  • I have just been diagnosed with grade 2 Spondylolisthesis at L5/S1 with bilateral pars defect at L5, which has resulted in posterior uncovering of the disk and impingement of bilateral L5 existing nerves (worst on left side). (mayoclinic.org)
  • Spondylolisthesis occurs when the pars defect (spondylolysis) is bilateral allowing forward displacement (subluxation) of the rostral vertebra. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Degenerative spondylolisthesis may lead to spinal cervical (neck) stenosis or lumbar (low back) stenosis . (uvahealth.com)
  • Cervical Spondylolisthesis is a condition involving a vertebra in the spinal column that is not properly aligned with its neighbor. (wascherspineinstitute.com)
  • Mild cases of cervical spondylolisthesis may respond to conservative treatments such as anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, and physical therapy. (wascherspineinstitute.com)
  • Lower back pain, particularly after exercise or activity, is the most commonly reported symptom of spondylolisthesis. (memorialhermann.org)
  • The most common symptom of spondylolisthesis is lower back pain. (medtronic.com)
  • 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513333/ , 2 Studnicka K, Ampat G. Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis. (spine-health.com)
  • High-grade adult isthmic L5-s1 spondylolisthesis: a report of intraoperative slip progression treated with surgical reduction and posterior instrumented fusion. (spine-health.com)
  • In spondylolisthesis, one or several vertebra slip against each other. (orthopaede.com)
  • In some cases, the cause of a patient's back pain may be due to spondylolisthesis caused by an unexpected backward bend of the lower back (like a slip and fall, sports injury, etc.) with immediate pain that increases with backward bending. (chiro-trust.org)
  • Secondary degenerative spondylolisthesis occurs as a result of a predisposing factor such as adjacent segment degeneration and slip above a preexisting fusion. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is graded according to the percentage of slip. (orthofixar.com)
  • Type III, or degenerative spondylolisthesis, is secondary to articular degeneration. (medscape.com)
  • This disc degeneration is the start to both arthritis and degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). (bmc.org)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a condition where a vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below it. (spine-health.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis can be treated with conservative or surgical measures depending on the degree of slippage. (backintelligence.com)
  • Stress fractures of the pars interarticularis through overuse are rarely thought to cause spondylolisthesis. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Less commonly, spondylolisthesis is caused by a condition present at birth. (memorialhermann.org)
  • When faced with a condition like spondylolisthesis, many people are fixated on coping with the diagnosis directly. (idealspine.com)
  • Because spondylolisthesis occurs when facet joints develop defects, tracing the source of these defects yields insight into the catalysts for the overall condition. (idealspine.com)
  • The study authors define the condition by saying, "Spondylolisthesis occurs when a vertebra is displaced anteriorly or posteriorly in respect to the vertebra below. (austintxchiro.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a pathological condition that can develop as a progression of spondylolysis. (orthofixar.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a specific spinal condition that leads to instability. (milescitymontanachiropractor.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is usually mild and heals with rest and other "conservative" (or nonsurgical) treatments. (cookchildrens.org)
  • If your child is diagnosed with mild spondylolisthesis, it's extremely important to ensure that they follow the treatment and recovery plan. (cookchildrens.org)
  • If mild spondylolisthesis doesn't heal properly, it can result in lifelong chronic back pain and a loss of flexibility. (cookchildrens.org)
  • Mild to moderate spondylolisthesis may cause little or no pain, particularly in young people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Conservative treatments usually are enough to fix the pain from spondylolisthesis. (cookchildrens.org)
  • If you suffer from spondylolisthesis or another spinal disorder , your treatments are not working, and you cannot earn a living, you may be eligible for disability benefits. (bergerandgreen.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is the displacement of one spinal vertebra compared to another. (wikipedia.org)
  • While some medical dictionaries define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum), it is often defined in medical textbooks as displacement in any direction. (wikipedia.org)
  • If left untreated, Spondylolysis can potentially lead to various complications and health issues, including - Chronic pain, Degenerative disc disease, or even progress to Spondylolisthesis, which may result in further instability and nerve compression. (spinemd.com)
  • Causing chronic pain and limiting your ability to lift, walk, and even sit, spondylolisthesis can make it almost impossible to continue working as you did in the past. (bergerandgreen.com)
  • Post-surgical spondylolisthesis is slippage as a result of spinal surgery. (theneurologypractice.com)
  • Initial treatment is always non-surgical, and this will usually help you if your spondylolisthesis is low-grade in nature. (theneurologypractice.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis most commonly occurs in the lumbar region or the lower back. (memorialhermann.org)
  • Additionally, people who play sports such as football, gymnastics or those who engage in heavy weight-lifting can be more susceptible to spondylolisthesis because of the strain and stress these activities can have on the lower back during extension. (memorialhermann.org)
  • Besides doing a physical exam, your child's doctor will order X-rays of the lower back to look for spondylolisthesis. (cookchildrens.org)
  • In many cases, spondylolisthesis gets better by resting and doing exercises designed to stretch and strengthen the back. (cookchildrens.org)
  • In addition to back pain, someone with a spondylolisthesis may complain of leg pain. (medtronic.com)
  • You may be surprised to find out that spondylolisthesis is the most common cause of back pain for teen athletes, as reported by the Cleveland Clinic . (livestrong.com)
  • Other things to avoid with spondylolisthesis include weightlifting, activities that require twisting or bending and high-impact activities that put too much stress on your healing back, such as jumping rope or box jumps. (livestrong.com)
  • Now that you know which spondylolisthesis exercises to avoid, what are the best exercises for your healing back? (livestrong.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a back injury which affects children between the ages of 9 and 14. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a back injury involving a forward slipping of one vertebra over another and is most commonly seen in children between the ages of 9 and 14. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • There are numerous reasons that a person may experience back pain and these must be ruled out before the relationship between back pain and spondylolisthesis can be established. (medifocus.com)
  • Unfortunately the result came back with grade 2 Spondylolisthesis with some impingement of the nerve. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Therefore, it is vital to buy the best chair for back pain and learn the right way to sit with spondylolisthesis. (autonomous.ai)
  • An interesting study looked at how often spondylolisthesis is found in subjects with NO low back pain. (chiro-trust.org)
  • OrthoRelieve carries a collection of back braces that can help alleviate back pain from spondylolisthesis and other conditions. (orthorelieve.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis can have a significant impact on function and quality of life due to pain and restrictions on activity. (medifocus.com)
  • The resulting pinched nerves can create pain, numbness, tingling, or even weakness (radiculopathy) wherever these nerves travel in the body, even far away from the area of spondylolisthesis. (cnsomd.com)
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  • Both types of treatment are effective in reducing pain caused by spondylolisthesis. (orthorelieve.com)
  • When pain is extreme or bones continue to move excessively, or if there is nerve root damage related to the spondylolisthesis, surgery can sometimes help. (dallasneurosurgical.com)