A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.
Syphilis acquired in utero and manifested by any of several characteristic tooth (Hutchinson's teeth) or bone malformations and by active mucocutaneous syphilis at birth or shortly thereafter. Ocular and neurologic changes may also occur.
Serologic tests for syphilis.
Cutaneous lesions arising from infection with Treponema pallidum. In the primary stage, 18-21 days following infection, one or more chancres appear. If untreated, the subsequent stages of the disease appear as syphilids. These eruptions are superficial, nondestructive, exanthematic, transient, macular roseolas that may later be maculopapular or papular polymorphous or scaly, pustular, pigmented eruptions.(Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p409)
The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws.
Latent syphilis is a stage of the sexually transmitted infection Syphilis, characterized by the absence of symptoms, but with positive serological tests, which can be further divided into early and late latency, depending on the duration and the potential for progression to tertiary syphilis.
Infections of the central nervous system caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM which present with a variety of clinical syndromes. The initial phase of infection usually causes a mild or asymptomatic meningeal reaction. The meningovascular form may present acutely as BRAIN INFARCTION. The infection may also remain subclinical for several years. Late syndromes include general paresis; TABES DORSALIS; meningeal syphilis; syphilitic OPTIC ATROPHY; and spinal syphilis. General paresis is characterized by progressive DEMENTIA; DYSARTHRIA; TREMOR; MYOCLONUS; SEIZURES; and Argyll-Robertson pupils. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp722-8)
Antibodies, especially IGE, that bind to tissue of the same species so that ANTIGENS induce release of HISTAMINE and other vasoactive agents. HYPERSENSITIVITY is the clinical manifestation.
Cardiovascular manifestations of SYPHILIS, an infection of TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. In the late stage of syphilis, sometimes 20-30 years after the initial infection, damages are often seen in the blood vessels including the AORTA and the AORTIC VALVE. Clinical signs include syphilitic aortitis, aortic insufficiency, or aortic ANEURYSM.
A systemic non-venereal infection of the tropics caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM subspecies pertenue.
Agents used to treat infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA. This includes SYPHILIS & YAWS.
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
The primary sore of syphilis, a painless indurated, eroded papule, occurring at the site of entry of the infection.
Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.
Sexual attraction or relationship between males.
Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining penicillin G with PROCAINE.
Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.
Syphilis serodiagnosis employing as the antigen Treponema pallidum obtained from rabbit syphilis orchitis. Treponemes are kept alive for a few hours in a special medium. When syphilitic serum and complement are added and incubated, the treponemes are immobilized, i.e., stop moving.
Serologic assay that detects antibodies to Treponema pallidum, the etiologic agent of syphilis. After diluting the patient's serum to remove non-specific antibodies, the serum is mixed on a glass slide with Nichol's strain of Treponema pallidum. An antigen-antibody reaction occurs if the test is positive and the bound antibodies are detected with fluoresceinated antihuman gamma-globulin antibody.
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.
Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
The practice of indulging in sexual relations for money.
People who engage in occupational sexual behavior in exchange for economic rewards or other extrinsic considerations.
Inflammation of the periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is due to infection, is characterized by diffuse suppuration, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA.
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.
Precipitin tests which occur over a narrow range of antigen-antibody ratio, due chiefly to peculiarities of the antibody (precipitin). (From Stedman, 26th ed)
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.
Parenchymatous NEUROSYPHILIS marked by slowly progressive degeneration of the posterior columns, posterior roots, and ganglia of the spinal cord. The condition tends to present 15 to 20 years after the initial infection and is characterized by lightening-like pains in the lower extremities, URINARY INCONTINENCE; ATAXIA; severely impaired position and vibratory sense, abnormal gait (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), OPTIC ATROPHY; Argyll-Robertson pupils, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, and trophic joint degeneration (Charcot's Joint; see ARTHROPATHY, NEUROGENIC). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p726)
Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.
Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.
Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.
## I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Alabama" is not a medical term or concept. It is a geographical location, referring to the 22nd state admitted to the United States of America, located in the southeastern region. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health conditions, I'd be happy to help with those!
An infectious disease of the skin caused by Treponema carateum that occurs only in the western hemisphere. Age of onset is between 10 and 20 years of age. This condition is characterized by marked changes in the skin color and is believed to be transmitted by direct person-to-person contact.
Sexual activities of humans.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The sexual attraction or relationship between members of the same SEX.
Bacterial diseases transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct.
A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.
Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.
A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)
A genus of microorganisms of the order SPIROCHAETALES, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man and animals.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

Retention of motility and virulence of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) in vitro. (1/43)

A maintenance medium for Treponema pallidum was designed to hold its Eh at the optimum for that organism, -10 to -110 mV. After 100% motile (freshly harvested) T. pallidum was inoculated into the medium, the motility of the treponemes decreased to 80% after 2 days, 50% after 3.5 days, and 0% after 9 days during incubation at 34 C. Full virulence was retained for 2 days, but it dropped rapidly thereafter, and the treponemes became avirulent by day 5.  (+info)

Immunization with the N-terminal portion of Treponema pallidum repeat protein K attenuates syphilitic lesion development in the rabbit model. (2/43)

When used as an immunogen, Treponema pallidum repeat protein K (TprK) has been shown to attenuate syphilitic lesions upon homologous intradermal challenge in the rabbit model. To further explore this protein as a potential vaccine component, we sought to identify the immunogenic regions of TprK. The abilities of three recombinant peptides encompassing TprK to elicit T- and B-cell responses and to protect against challenge were examined. All three fragments elicited proliferative responses from splenocytes taken from infected rabbits. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicated that only fragments 1 and 3 were consistently recognized by antisera from infected rabbits. Each fragment was also used to immunize rabbits that were subsequently challenged intradermally with infectious T. pallidum. All lesions on unimmunized control rabbits ulcerated and contained treponemes, while the lesions on rabbits immunized with fragment 1 were the least likely to have detectable treponemes (25%) and the least likely to ulcerate (37.5%). The lesions on rabbits immunized with fragment 3 showed intermediate results, and rabbits immunized with fragment 2 were the most likely of all those on immunized rabbits to have detectable treponemes (91.7%) and to ulcerate (66.7%). These results demonstrate that epitopes in fragment 1 are recognized by T cells and antibodies during infection and that immunization with this portion of TprK most effectively attenuates syphilitic lesion development.  (+info)

Nodular secondary syphilis. (3/43)

Secondary syphilis can have protean clinical manifestations and may present with unusual lesions, which may go unrecognized. We report a case of secondary syphilis with nodular lesions. A 22 year old male presented with nodular and annular skin lesions over the face, back and limbs and condylomata lata lesion at the penoscrotal junction associated with generalized lymphadenopathy, fever and malaise. Prior to onset of these lesions the patient also had history of a painless genital sore, which healed within two weeks. The serology revealed a reactive VDRL(1:64) and positive TPHA. The HIV serology was non-reactive. The patient responded to a single dose of benzathine penicillin, 2.4 million units, given intramuscularly. This case highlights that secondary syphilis may present with nodular lesions and should be suspected in the appropriate clinical setting.  (+info)

Activated and mature CD83-positive dendritic cells and interferon-gamma-positive cells in skin eruptions of secondary syphilis. (4/43)

Dendritic cells are considered to be the most potent antigen-presenting cells, and CD83 is expressed at a high level in immunocompetent, activated and mature dendritic cells. Various pathogens can activate and modulate the function of dendritic cells. The presence of activated and mature dendritic cells in skin lesions of secondary syphilis has never been reported. In the present study, an immunohistochemical technique was used to determine the exact tissue distributions of CD83+ dendritic cells and interferon-gamma+ cells in skin lesions of patients with secondary syphilis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. A small but significant subpopulation of CD83+ dendritic cells was found in the dermis. CD83+ dendritic cells were in close contact with lymphocytes. High-intensity staining of CD83 antigens was detected not only on the surface but also in the cytoplasm of dendritic cells. Infiltrating mononuclear cells were stained positively for CD4 or CD8, with CD8+ cells always being in the majority. A small number of interferon-gamma+ cells resembling mononuclear lymphoid cells were detected in all samples. These results provide in vivo support for the hypothesis that dendritic cells are activated by Treponema pallidum and that thus activated and mature CD83+ dendritic cells may play a role in the Th1 response in secondary syphilis.  (+info)

Atypical presentation of syphilis in an HTLV-I infected patient. (5/43)

We report the case of a 44 year-old female, who presented a long-lasting, clinically atypical, secondary syphilis ("malignant syphilis") in the right foot, which started six months before medical evaluation. The patient had a serological diagnosis of HTLV-I infection and syphilis two years before the onset of the skin lesions, following a blood donation. As she believed she was allergic to penicillin, she initially received sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, without any improvement of the clinical picture. After failure of this first treatment regimen, she was given penicillin, which promoted complete healing of the lesion. We found evidence that infection by HTLV-I is capable of modifying the clinical course of secondary syphilis.  (+info)

Clinical features of skin lesions in rabbit syphilis: a retrospective study of 63 cases (1999-2003). (6/43)

Skin lesions in rabbit syphilis are usually diagnostic, but it is occasionally difficult to differentiate these lesions from those of other skin diseases. Skin lesions in 63 cases of rabbit syphilis were analyzed for early and accurate diagnosis. Lesions were found most frequently around the nose (55 cases) followed by the genitalia (22), lips (20), eyelids (12), and anus (10). Sneezing was observed in 33% of cases with nasal lesions. In cases of maternally acquired infection, lesions could be initially found mainly on the face. Rabbits should be examined carefully not only for facial lesions, but also for lesions of the genitalia and anus, locations easily overlooked.  (+info)

Secondary syphilitic lesions. (7/43)

An important theme that emerges from all early historical accounts is that in addition to the decreased virulence of Treponema pallidum, the incidence of secondary syphilis has decreased drastically over the past three centuries. Even in the early 20th century, most syphilologists were of the opinion that the disease had undergone changes in its manifestations and that they were dealing with an attenuated form of the spirochete. Such opinions were based primarily on the observations that violent cutaneous reactions and fatalities associated with the secondary stage had become extremely rare. The rate of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States increased in 2002 for the second consecutive year. After a decade-long decline that led to an all-time low in 2000, the recent trend is attributable, to a large extent, by a increase in reported syphilis cases among men, particularly homosexual and bisexual men having sex with men. The present review addresses the clinical and diagnostic criteria for the recognition of secondary syphilis, the clinical course and manifestations of the disease if allowed to proceed past the primary stage of disease in untreated individuals, and the treatment for this stage of the disease.  (+info)

Lues maligna in an HIV-infected patient. (8/43)

We report such a case of malignant syphilis in a 42-year-old HIV-infected man, co-infected with hepatitis B virus, who presented neurolues and the classical skin lesions of lues maligna. The serum VDRL titer, which was 1:64 at presentation, increased to 1:2,048 three months after successful therapy with penicillin, decreasing 15 months later to 1:8.  (+info)

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It progresses in several stages if left untreated, with symptoms varying in each stage. The primary stage involves the appearance of a single, painless sore or multiple sores at the site where the bacteria entered the body, often on the genitals or around the mouth. During the secondary stage, individuals may experience rashes, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and other flu-like symptoms. In later stages, syphilis can lead to severe complications affecting the heart, brain, and other organs, known as tertiary syphilis. Neurosyphilis is a form of tertiary syphilis that affects the nervous system, causing various neurological problems. Congenital syphilis occurs when a pregnant woman with syphilis transmits the infection to her unborn child, which can result in serious birth defects and health issues for the infant. Early detection and appropriate antibiotic treatment can cure syphilis and prevent further complications.

Congenital Syphilis is a medical condition that occurs when a mother with active syphilis infects her fetus through the placenta during pregnancy. If left untreated, congenital syphilis can lead to serious health problems in the newborn and can even cause death. The symptoms of congenital syphilis can appear at any time during the first two years of life, and they may include:

* Skin rashes or sores on the body, including the hands and feet
* Deformities of the bones and teeth
* Vision problems or blindness
* Hearing loss
* Developmental delays
* Neurological issues, such as seizures or difficulty coordinating movements
* Anemia
* Jaundice
* Enlarged liver and spleen

If congenital syphilis is diagnosed early, it can be treated with antibiotics, which can help to prevent serious health problems and reduce the risk of transmission to others. However, if left untreated, congenital syphilis can lead to long-term complications, such as developmental delays, neurological damage, and blindness. It is important for pregnant women to be screened for syphilis early in pregnancy and receive appropriate treatment to prevent the transmission of this serious infection to their unborn child.

Syphilis serodiagnosis is a laboratory testing method used to diagnose syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It involves detecting specific antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the infection, rather than directly detecting the bacteria itself.

There are two main types of serological tests used for syphilis serodiagnosis: treponemal and nontreponemal tests.

1. Treponemal tests: These tests detect antibodies that specifically target Treponema pallidum. Examples include the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test, T. pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay, and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) or chemiluminescence immunoassays (CIAs) for Treponema pallidum antibodies. These tests are highly specific but may remain reactive even after successful treatment, indicating past exposure or infection rather than a current active infection.

2. Nontreponemal tests: These tests detect antibodies produced against cardiolipin, a lipid found in the membranes of Treponema pallidum and other bacteria. Examples include the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test. These tests are less specific than treponemal tests but can be used to monitor disease progression and treatment response, as their results often correlate with disease activity. Nontreponemal test titers usually decrease or become nonreactive after successful treatment.

Syphilis serodiagnosis typically involves a two-step process, starting with a nontreponemal test followed by a treponemal test for confirmation. This approach helps distinguish between current and past infections while minimizing false positives. It is essential to interpret serological test results in conjunction with the patient's clinical history, physical examination findings, and any additional diagnostic tests.

Cutaneous syphilis refers to the manifestation of the sexually transmitted infection syphilis on the skin. This can occur in various stages of the disease. In the primary stage, it may appear as a painless chancre (ulcer) at the site of infection, usually appearing 3 weeks after exposure. In the secondary stage, a widespread rash can develop, often affecting the palms and soles, along with other symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, and hair loss. Later stages of syphilis can also cause skin issues, including condylomata lata (broad, flat warts) and gummatous lesions (large, destructive ulcers). It's important to note that if left untreated, syphilis can lead to serious complications affecting the heart, brain, and other organs.

"Treponema pallidum" is a species of spiral-shaped bacteria (a spirochete) that is the causative agent of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection. The bacterium is very thin and difficult to culture in the laboratory, which has made it challenging for researchers to study its biology and develop new treatments for syphilis.

The bacterium can infect various tissues and organs in the body, leading to a wide range of symptoms that can affect multiple systems, including the skin, bones, joints, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. The infection can be transmitted through sexual contact, from mother to fetus during pregnancy or childbirth, or through blood transfusions or shared needles.

Syphilis is a serious disease that can have long-term health consequences if left untreated. However, it is also curable with appropriate antibiotic therapy, such as penicillin. It is important to diagnose and treat syphilis early to prevent the spread of the infection and avoid potential complications.

Latent syphilis is a stage of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) syphilis, which is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. In this stage, individuals who have been infected with syphilis do not show any symptoms of the disease. However, the bacteria remain in their body and can be passed on to others through sexual contact.

Latent syphilis is typically divided into two stages: early latent syphilis and late latent syphilis. Early latent syphilis is defined as occurring within the first year of infection, while late latent syphilis occurs more than a year after the initial infection. During the early latent stage, individuals may still have a positive blood test for syphilis and can still transmit the disease to others through sexual contact. In contrast, during the late latent stage, the risk of transmitting the disease is much lower, but it is still possible.

It's important to note that if left untreated, latent syphilis can progress to more serious stages of the disease, including tertiary syphilis, which can cause severe damage to the heart, brain, and other organs. Therefore, it's essential for individuals who have been diagnosed with latent syphilis to receive appropriate treatment and follow-up care from a healthcare provider.

Neurosyphilis is a term used to describe the invasion and infection of the nervous system by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum, which is the causative agent of syphilis. This serious complication can occur at any stage of syphilis, although it's more common in secondary or tertiary stages if left untreated. Neurosyphilis can cause a variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, such as:

1. Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges (the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord) leading to headaches, stiff neck, and fever.
2. Meningovascular syphilis: Affects the blood vessels in the brain causing strokes, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or small-vessel disease, which can lead to cognitive decline.
3. General paresis (also known as tertiary general paresis): Progressive dementia characterized by memory loss, personality changes, disorientation, and psychiatric symptoms like delusions or hallucinations.
4. Tabes dorsalis: A degenerative disorder affecting the spinal cord, leading to ataxia (loss of coordination), muscle weakness, pain, sensory loss, and bladder and bowel dysfunction.
5. Argyll Robertson pupils: Small, irregularly shaped pupils that react poorly or not at all to light but constrict when focusing on near objects. This is a rare finding in neurosyphilis.

Diagnosis of neurosyphilis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and serological tests for syphilis. Treatment usually consists of intravenous penicillin G, which can halt the progression of the disease if initiated early enough. However, any neurological damage that has already occurred may be irreversible. Regular follow-up evaluations are essential to monitor treatment response and potential complications.

"Reagin" is an outdated term that was used to describe a type of antibody found in the blood serum of some individuals, particularly those who have had certain infectious diseases or who have allergies. These antibodies were known as "reaginic antibodies" and were characterized by their ability to cause a positive reaction in a test called the "Reagin test" or "Wassermann test."

The Reagin test was developed in the early 20th century and was used as a diagnostic tool for syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The test involved mixing a patient's serum with a suspension of cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol - components derived from heart tissue. If reaginic antibodies were present in the patient's serum, they would bind to the cardiolipin component and form a complex that could be detected through a series of chemical reactions.

However, it was later discovered that reaginic antibodies were not specific to syphilis and could be found in individuals with other infectious diseases or allergies. As a result, the term "reagin" fell out of favor, and the test is no longer used as a diagnostic tool for syphilis. Instead, more specific and accurate tests, such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay, are now used to diagnose syphilis.

Cardiovascular syphilis is a tertiary stage of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. In this stage, the infection can affect the heart and blood vessels, leading to various complications. Medical definitions describe cardiovascular syphilis as follows:

1. According to the Merck Manual, cardiovascular syphilis is characterized by the development of vasculitic lesions in the aorta and its major branches, causing damage to the heart valves and blood vessels. Common manifestations include aortic regurgitation (backflow of blood), aneurysms (bulging or ballooning of the aorta), and aortic dissection (tearing of the inner layer of the aorta).
2. The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) defines cardiovascular syphilis as a late complication of syphilis, which can involve inflammation of the aorta and its branches, leading to aneurysms or aortic insufficiency. This stage usually develops 10-30 years after the initial infection.
3. The World Health Organization (WHO) explains that tertiary syphilis can affect the cardiovascular system, causing inflammation of the aorta and its branches. This may result in aortic aneurysms or aortic insufficiency, which can lead to heart failure if left untreated.

In summary, cardiovascular syphilis is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication of tertiary syphilis, involving inflammation and damage to the heart and blood vessels. Early detection and treatment of syphilis are crucial to prevent these late manifestations.

Yaws is a chronic, infectious disease caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum pertenue. It primarily affects the skin, bones, and cartilage. The initial symptom is a small, hard bump (called a papule or mother yaw) that develops into an ulcer with a raised, red border and a yellow-crusted center. This lesion can be painful and pruritic (itchy). Yaws is usually contracted through direct contact with an infected person's lesion, typically during childhood. The disease is common in rural areas of tropical regions with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare, particularly in West and Central Africa, the Pacific Islands, and parts of South America and Asia.

Yaws is treatable with antibiotics, such as penicillin, which can kill the bacteria and halt the progression of the disease. In most cases, a single injection of long-acting penicillin is sufficient to cure the infection. However, it's essential to identify and treat yaws early to prevent severe complications, including disfigurement and disability.

It's important to note that yaws should not be confused with other treponemal diseases, such as syphilis (caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum) or pinta (caused by Treponema carateum). While these conditions share some similarities in their clinical presentation and transmission, they are distinct diseases with different geographic distributions and treatment approaches.

Antitreponemal agents are a type of antibiotic specifically used to treat infections caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum, which is responsible for diseases such as syphilis and yaws. The most common antitreponemal agent is penicillin, which is highly effective against Treponema pallidum. Other antitreponemal agents include ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and tetracycline. These antibiotics work by inhibiting the growth and multiplication of the bacteria, ultimately leading to their elimination from the body. It's important to note that resistance to these antibiotics is rare, but treatment failures can occur due to factors such as poor drug penetration into infected tissues or inadequate dosing.

Infectious pregnancy complications refer to infections that occur during pregnancy and can affect the mother, fetus, or both. These infections can lead to serious consequences such as preterm labor, low birth weight, birth defects, stillbirth, or even death. Some common infectious agents that can cause pregnancy complications include:

1. Bacteria: Examples include group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.
2. Viruses: Examples include cytomegalovirus, rubella, varicella-zoster, and HIV, which can cause congenital anomalies, developmental delays, or transmission of the virus to the fetus.
3. Parasites: Examples include Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause severe neurological damage in the fetus if transmitted during pregnancy.
4. Fungi: Examples include Candida albicans, which can cause fungal infections in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.

Preventive measures such as vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding high-risk behaviors can help reduce the risk of infectious pregnancy complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections during pregnancy are also crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.

A chancre is a medical term that refers to a hard, painless skin ulcer that is typically the first stage of certain bacterial infections, most commonly syphilis. It is usually round or oval in shape and can appear as a sore or lesion on the skin or mucous membranes, such as the genitals, anus, or mouth. The chancre is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and is typically accompanied by swollen lymph nodes in the nearby area.

The chancre usually develops about 3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria and can last for several weeks. While it may heal on its own, it's important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a chancre, as syphilis is a serious infection that can cause long-term health problems if left untreated. Treatment with antibiotics, such as penicillin, can cure syphilis and prevent further complications.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), also known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), are a group of diseases or infections that spread primarily through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. They can also be transmitted through non-sexual means such as mother-to-child transmission during childbirth or breastfeeding, or via shared needles.

STDs can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and some may not show any symptoms at all. Common STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis B, and pubic lice.

If left untreated, some STDs can lead to serious health complications, such as infertility, organ damage, blindness, or even death. It is important to practice safe sex and get regular screenings for STDs if you are sexually active, especially if you have multiple partners or engage in high-risk behaviors.

Preventive measures include using barrier methods of protection, such as condoms, dental dams, and female condoms, getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B, and limiting the number of sexual partners. If you suspect that you may have an STD, it is important to seek medical attention promptly for diagnosis and treatment.

Medical definitions are often provided by authoritative medical bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) or the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It's important to note that these organizations have evolved their understanding and classification of homosexuality over time.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), produced by the APA, sexual orientation is not considered a mental disorder. The manual does not provide a definition or classification for 'homosexuality, male' as a medical condition.

The current understanding in the medical community is that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation of human sexual orientation. It is not considered a disorder or an illness. The World Health Organization (WHO) removed homosexuality from its list of mental disorders in 1990.

Penicillin G Procaine is a formulation of penicillin G, an antibiotic derived from the Penicillium fungus, combined with procaine, a local anesthetic. This combination is often used for its extended-release properties and is administered intramuscularly. It is primarily used to treat moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of streptococci and staphylococci.

The procaine component helps to reduce the pain at the injection site, while penicillin G provides the antibacterial action. The extended-release formulation allows for less frequent dosing compared to immediate-release penicillin G. However, its use has become less common due to the development of other antibiotics and routes of administration.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as "gono" bacteria. It can infect various parts of the body including the genitals, rectum, and throat. The bacteria are typically transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

Symptoms may vary but often include abnormal discharge from the genitals or rectum, painful or burning sensations during urination, and in women, vaginal bleeding between periods. However, many people with gonorrhea do not develop symptoms, making it essential to get tested regularly if you are sexually active with multiple partners or have unprotected sex.

If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to severe complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, which may result in infertility. In rare cases, it can spread to the bloodstream and cause life-threatening conditions like sepsis.

Gonorrhea is curable with appropriate antibiotic treatment; however, drug-resistant strains of the bacteria have emerged, making accurate diagnosis and effective treatment increasingly challenging. Prevention methods include using condoms during sexual activity and practicing safe sex habits.

The Treponema pallidum Immunity (TPI) test, also known as the Treponema immobilization test, is not a commonly used diagnostic tool in modern medicine. It was previously used as a serological test to detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum, the spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis.

In this test, a sample of the patient's serum is incubated with a suspension of live Treponema pallidum organisms. If the patient has antibodies against T. pallidum, these antibodies will bind to the organisms and immobilize them. The degree of immobilization is then observed and measured under a microscope.

However, this test has largely been replaced by more sensitive and specific serological tests such as the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay. These tests are able to detect both IgG and IgM antibodies, providing information on both past and current infections. The TPI test, on the other hand, is less specific and may produce false-positive results in individuals who have been vaccinated against other treponemal diseases such as yaws or pinta.

Therefore, the Treponema Immobilization Test is not a widely used or recommended diagnostic tool for syphilis in current medical practice.

The Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS) test is a type of blood test used to diagnose syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The FTA-ABS test is a treponemal test, which means it looks for antibodies that the body produces in response to an infection with T. pallidum.

The FTA-ABS test works by using a fluorescent dye to label treponemal antigens, which are substances that can trigger an immune response in people who have been infected with T. pallidum. The labeled antigens are then mixed with a sample of the patient's blood. If the patient has antibodies against T. pallidum, they will bind to the labeled antigens and form a complex.

To ensure that the test is specific for syphilis and not another type of treponemal infection, such as yaws or pinta, the sample is then absorbed with antigens from these other treponemal organisms. This step removes any antibodies that may cross-react with the non-syphilitic treponemes, leaving only those specific to T. pallidum.

The mixture is then washed and examined under a fluorescent microscope. If there are fluorescing particles present, it indicates that the patient has antibodies against T. pallidum, which suggests a current or past infection with syphilis.

It's important to note that the FTA-ABS test can remain positive for life, even after successful treatment of syphilis, so it cannot be used to determine if a patient has an active infection. Other tests, such as a venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) or rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, are used to detect non-treponemal antibodies that may indicate an active infection.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a viral illness that progressively attacks and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to other infections and diseases. The virus primarily infects CD4+ T cells, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting off infections. Over time, as the number of these immune cells declines, the body becomes increasingly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers.

HIV infection has three stages:

1. Acute HIV infection: This is the initial stage that occurs within 2-4 weeks after exposure to the virus. During this period, individuals may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, rash, swollen glands, and muscle aches. The virus replicates rapidly, and the viral load in the body is very high.
2. Chronic HIV infection (Clinical latency): This stage follows the acute infection and can last several years if left untreated. Although individuals may not show any symptoms during this phase, the virus continues to replicate at low levels, and the immune system gradually weakens. The viral load remains relatively stable, but the number of CD4+ T cells declines over time.
3. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): This is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely damaged immune system and numerous opportunistic infections or cancers. At this stage, the CD4+ T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3 of blood.

It's important to note that with proper antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals with HIV infection can effectively manage the virus, maintain a healthy immune system, and significantly reduce the risk of transmission to others. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving long-term health outcomes and reducing the spread of HIV.

Bacterial antibodies are a type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection caused by bacteria. These antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the bacterial cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Bacterial antibodies can be classified into several types based on their structure and function, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and provide immunity to future infections with the same bacteria.

Hemagglutination tests are laboratory procedures used to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a sample, typically in blood serum. These tests rely on the ability of certain substances, such as viruses or bacteria, to agglutinate (clump together) red blood cells.

In a hemagglutination test, a small amount of the patient's serum is mixed with a known quantity of red blood cells that have been treated with a specific antigen. If the patient has antibodies against that antigen in their serum, they will bind to the antigens on the red blood cells and cause them to agglutinate. This clumping can be observed visually, indicating a positive test result.

Hemagglutination tests are commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases caused by viruses or bacteria that have hemagglutinating properties, such as influenza, parainfluenza, and HIV. They can also be used in blood typing and cross-matching before transfusions.

Prostitution is not typically defined in medical terms, but it is a social and legal issue. However, in the context of public health, prostitution might be defined as the act or practice of engaging in sexual activity for payment, which can carry significant risks to physical and mental health, including exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), violence, and psychological trauma.

Prostitution is often associated with marginalization, poverty, and social inequality, and it can be a complex issue that involves questions of personal autonomy, consent, and human rights. It's important to note that the legal and cultural approaches to prostitution vary widely around the world, ranging from criminalization to decriminalization and legalization.

Sex workers are individuals who receive payment for performing sexual services or engaging in sexual activities with others. This can include various forms of sex work such as prostitution, pornography, stripping, and escort services. It is important to note that the ethical and legal considerations surrounding sex work are complex and vary greatly across different cultures, societies, and jurisdictions.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that sex workers are a marginalized population who often face stigma, discrimination, and violence. In order to protect the health and human rights of sex workers, WHO recommends that sex work be recognized as a legitimate form of work and that sex workers have access to the same protections and rights as other workers. This includes access to healthcare services, education, and legal protection against abuse and discrimination.

Periostitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the periosteum, which is the highly vascularized tissue that covers the outer surface of bones. The periosteum contains nerves and blood vessels that supply the bone and assist in bone repair and remodeling. Periostitis can occur as a result of various factors such as repetitive trauma, infection, or inflammatory diseases, leading to pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area. In some cases, periostitis may also lead to the formation of new bone tissue, resulting in bony outgrowths known as exostoses.

Treponemal infections are a group of diseases caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. This includes syphilis, yaws, bejel, and pinta. These infections can affect various organ systems in the body and can have serious consequences if left untreated.

1. Syphilis: A sexually transmitted infection that can also be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. It is characterized by sores (chancres) on the genitals, anus, or mouth, followed by a rash and flu-like symptoms. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as damage to the heart, brain, and nervous system.
2. Yaws: A tropical infection that is spread through direct contact with infected skin lesions. It primarily affects children in rural areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. The initial symptom is a painless bump on the skin that eventually ulcerates and heals, leaving a scar. If left untreated, it can lead to disfigurement and destruction of bone and cartilage.
3. Bejel: Also known as endemic syphilis, this infection is spread through direct contact with infected saliva or mucous membranes. It primarily affects children in dry and arid regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The initial symptom is a painless sore on the mouth or skin, followed by a rash and other symptoms similar to syphilis.
4. Pinta: A tropical infection that is spread through direct contact with infected skin lesions. It primarily affects people in rural areas of Central and South America. The initial symptom is a red or brown spot on the skin, which eventually turns into a scaly rash. If left untreated, it can lead to disfigurement and destruction of pigmentation in the skin.

Treponemal infections can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as penicillin, which can cure the infection if caught early enough. However, untreated treponemal infections can lead to serious health complications and even death.

A medical definition of an ulcer is:

A lesion on the skin or mucous membrane characterized by disintegration of surface epithelium, inflammation, and is associated with the loss of substance below the normal lining. Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are types of peptic ulcers that occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

Another type of ulcer is a venous ulcer, which occurs when there is reduced blood flow from vein insufficiency, usually in the lower leg. This can cause skin damage and lead to an open sore or ulcer.

There are other types of ulcers as well, including decubitus ulcers (also known as pressure sores or bedsores), which are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin.

Flocculation tests are diagnostic procedures used in medical laboratories to detect and measure the presence of certain substances, such as proteins or bacteria, in a sample. These tests work by adding a reagent to the sample that causes any targeted substances to clump together (flocculate) and become visible or easily measurable.

For example, in a coagulation or flocculation test for proteinuria (protein in urine), a reagent such as sulfosalicylic acid is added to a urine sample. If proteins are present in the sample, they will react with the reagent and form a white precipitate that can be seen with the naked eye or measured with a spectrophotometer.

Flocculation tests are commonly used in clinical chemistry and microbiology to diagnose various medical conditions, monitor treatment progress, and assess overall health status.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

Prenatal care is a type of preventive healthcare that focuses on providing regular check-ups and medical care to pregnant women, with the aim of ensuring the best possible health outcomes for both the mother and the developing fetus. It involves routine prenatal screenings and tests, such as blood pressure monitoring, urine analysis, weight checks, and ultrasounds, to assess the progress of the pregnancy and identify any potential health issues or complications early on.

Prenatal care also includes education and counseling on topics such as nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle choices that can affect pregnancy outcomes. It may involve referrals to specialists, such as obstetricians, perinatologists, or maternal-fetal medicine specialists, for high-risk pregnancies.

Overall, prenatal care is an essential component of ensuring a healthy pregnancy and reducing the risk of complications during childbirth and beyond.

Tabes dorsalis is a late-stage complication of untreated neurosyphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is characterized by degeneration of the posterior columns and dorsal roots of the spinal cord, leading to various neurological symptoms.

The medical definition of Tabes Dorsalis is:

A chronic progressive degenerative disease of the spinal cord, specifically affecting the dorsal root ganglia and posterior columns, caused by the tertiary stage of syphilis. The condition is characterized by a combination of motor, sensory, and autonomic disturbances, including ataxia, Romberg's sign, lightning pains, hypo- or areflexia, impaired proprioception, dissociated sensations, and Argyll Robertson pupils. If left untreated, Tabes Dorsalis can lead to significant disability and even death.

I believe there might be a bit of confusion in your question. A "medical definition" refers to the explanation of a medical term or concept. On the other hand, "15th century" is a historical time period and does not have a medical definition per se. However, I can provide you with some context regarding the medical advancements and practices during the 15th century.

The 15th century was marked by significant developments in medicine, particularly in Europe, as it transitioned from medieval to early modern medicine. Some key aspects of 15th-century medicine include:

1. Universities and medical education: Universities became more prominent centers for medical education, with institutions like the University of Bologna, Padua, Montpellier, and Salamanca playing crucial roles in shaping medical thought. Medical faculties taught subjects such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, surgery, and pharmacology based on ancient Greek and Roman texts, mainly Galen and Hippocrates.

2. Anatomical studies: The 15th century saw the beginning of a more accurate understanding of human anatomy. Italian anatomist and physician Mondino de Luzzi (c. 1270–1326) is known for his influential anatomy textbook, "Anathomia," which was widely used during this period. Later in the century, Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), often regarded as the founder of modern human anatomy, began his groundbreaking work on detailed dissections and accurate representations of the human body.

3. Renaissance of medical illustrations: The 15th century marked a revival in medical illustrations, with artists like Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) creating highly accurate anatomical drawings based on dissections. These detailed images helped physicians better understand the human body and its functions.

4. Development of hospitals: Hospitals during this time became more organized and specialized, focusing on specific medical conditions or patient populations. For example, mental health institutions, known as "madhouses" or "asylums," were established to treat individuals with mental illnesses.

5. Plague and public health: The ongoing threat of the bubonic plague (Black Death) led to increased efforts in public health, including improved sanitation practices and the establishment of quarantine measures for infected individuals.

6. Humoral theory: Although challenged by some during this period, the ancient Greek humoral theory—which posited that the balance of four bodily fluids or "humors" (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) determined a person's health—remained influential in medical practice.

7. Surgery: Barber-surgeons continued to perform various surgical procedures, including bloodletting, tooth extraction, and amputations. However, anesthesia was still not widely used, and pain management relied on opium or alcohol-based preparations.

8. Pharmacology: The use of herbal remedies and other natural substances to treat illnesses remained popular during the 15th century. Physicians like Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654) compiled extensive lists of medicinal plants and their uses, contributing to the development of modern pharmacology.

9. Astrology and medicine: Despite growing skepticism among some scholars, astrological beliefs continued to influence medical practice in the 15th century. Physicians often consulted astrological charts when diagnosing and treating patients.

10. Medical education: Universities across Europe offered formal medical education, with students studying anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. However, many practitioners still learned their trade through apprenticeships or self-study.

Medical mass screening, also known as population screening, is a public health service that aims to identify and detect asymptomatic individuals in a given population who have or are at risk of a specific disease. The goal is to provide early treatment, reduce morbidity and mortality, and prevent the spread of diseases within the community.

A mass screening program typically involves offering a simple, quick, and non-invasive test to a large number of people in a defined population, regardless of their risk factors or symptoms. Those who test positive are then referred for further diagnostic tests and appropriate medical interventions. Examples of mass screening programs include mammography for breast cancer detection, PSA (prostate-specific antigen) testing for prostate cancer, and fecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer.

It is important to note that mass screening programs should be evidence-based, cost-effective, and ethically sound, with clear benefits outweighing potential harms. They should also consider factors such as the prevalence of the disease in the population, the accuracy and reliability of the screening test, and the availability and effectiveness of treatment options.

Serologic tests are laboratory tests that detect the presence or absence of antibodies or antigens in a patient's serum (the clear liquid that separates from clotted blood). These tests are commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases, as well as autoimmune disorders and other medical conditions.

In serologic testing for infectious diseases, a sample of the patient's blood is collected and allowed to clot. The serum is then separated from the clot and tested for the presence of antibodies that the body has produced in response to an infection. The test may be used to identify the specific type of infection or to determine whether the infection is active or has resolved.

Serologic tests can also be used to diagnose autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, by detecting the presence of antibodies that are directed against the body's own tissues. These tests can help doctors confirm a diagnosis and monitor the progression of the disease.

It is important to note that serologic tests are not always 100% accurate and may produce false positive or false negative results. Therefore, they should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and laboratory test results.

I apologize, but "Alabama" is not a medical term or condition. It is the name of one of the states in the United States of America, located in the southeastern region. The term "Alabaman" is used to describe someone from this state. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I would be happy to help answer those for you.

Pinta is a mild form of cutaneous leishmaniasis, a tropical infection caused by the Leishmania parasite. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected sandfly.

The disease primarily affects the skin and mucous membranes, causing lesions that can vary in size and appearance. In the case of pinta, these lesions are typically characterized by their red, blue or brown discoloration.

Pinta is endemic in certain parts of Central and South America, but it's relatively rare compared to other forms of leishmaniasis. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and the development of severe, disfiguring lesions.

Sexual behavior refers to any physical or emotional interaction that has the potential to lead to sexual arousal and/or satisfaction. This can include a wide range of activities, such as kissing, touching, fondling, oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex, and masturbation. It can also involve the use of sexual aids, such as vibrators or pornography.

Sexual behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences. It is an important aspect of human development and relationships, and it is essential to healthy sexual functioning and satisfaction. However, sexual behavior can also be associated with risks, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies, and it is important for individuals to engage in safe and responsible sexual practices.

It's important to note that sexual behavior can vary widely among individuals and cultures, and what may be considered normal or acceptable in one culture or context may not be in another. It's also important to recognize that all individuals have the right to make informed decisions about their own sexual behavior and to have their sexual rights and autonomy respected.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Medical definitions are often avoided in favor of more objective language when discussing personal characteristics or identities, such as sexual orientation. This is because sexual orientation is not considered a medical condition or disorder, but rather a natural part of human diversity. The American Psychological Association defines sexual orientation as "an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectional attraction to another person." It can be distinguished into different categories, including heterosexuality (attraction to individuals of the other gender), bisexuality (attraction to individuals of either gender), and homosexuality (attraction to individuals of the same gender).

It's important to note that a person's sexual orientation is not considered a choice or something that can be changed through willpower or therapy. It is a deeply ingrained aspect of a person's identity, and it is protected under laws and regulations in many countries as a fundamental human right.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are infections that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. When referring to bacterial STDs, these are infections caused by bacteria. Examples of bacterial STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). These infections can be treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, they can cause serious health problems, such as infertility, organ damage, and even death. It is important to practice safe sex and get regular STD screenings to prevent and promptly treat bacterial STDs.

The United States Public Health Service (USPHS) is not a medical term per se, but I can certainly provide a definition and overview of it in the context of public health and healthcare.

The USPHS is a division of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and is responsible for promoting and protecting the health of the nation, particularly focusing on preventing and controlling infectious diseases and other health threats. The USPHS is composed of eight uniformed service components: the Surgeon General's Office, the Commissioned Corps, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Indian Health Service (IHS), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).

The Commissioned Corps of the USPHS is a group of uniformed healthcare professionals who are appointed by the President and commissioned as officers. They serve in various capacities within the federal government, including research, clinical care, health policy, and emergency response. The Surgeon General serves as the head of the USPHS and is responsible for providing advice to the President and HHS Secretary on matters related to public health.

The USPHS plays a critical role in responding to public health emergencies, such as natural disasters, infectious disease outbreaks, and bioterrorism attacks. They also work to address health disparities and promote health equity by providing healthcare services to underserved populations, including American Indians and Alaska Natives through the IHS. Additionally, the USPHS supports research and surveillance efforts aimed at understanding and addressing various public health issues, such as tobacco use, substance abuse, and mental health.

Coinfection is a term used in medicine to describe a situation where a person is infected with more than one pathogen (infectious agent) at the same time. This can occur when a person is infected with two or more viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi. Coinfections can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, as the symptoms of each infection can overlap and interact with each other.

Coinfections are common in certain populations, such as people who are immunocompromised, have chronic illnesses, or live in areas with high levels of infectious agents. For example, a person with HIV/AIDS may be more susceptible to coinfections with tuberculosis, hepatitis, or pneumocystis pneumonia. Similarly, a person who has recently undergone an organ transplant may be at risk for coinfections with cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or other opportunistic pathogens.

Coinfections can also occur in people who are otherwise healthy but are exposed to multiple infectious agents at once, such as through travel to areas with high levels of infectious diseases or through close contact with animals that carry infectious agents. For example, a person who travels to a tropical area may be at risk for coinfections with malaria and dengue fever, while a person who works on a farm may be at risk for coinfections with influenza and Q fever.

Effective treatment of coinfections requires accurate diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy for each pathogen involved. In some cases, treating one infection may help to resolve the other, but in other cases, both infections may need to be treated simultaneously to achieve a cure. Preventing coinfections is an important part of infectious disease control, and can be achieved through measures such as vaccination, use of personal protective equipment, and avoidance of high-risk behaviors.

I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "China." Generally, it is used to refer to:

1. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a country in East Asia. It is the most populous country in the world and the fourth largest by geographical area. Its capital city is Beijing.
2. In a historical context, "China" was used to refer to various dynasties and empires that existed in East Asia over thousands of years. The term "Middle Kingdom" or "Zhongguo" (中国) has been used by the Chinese people to refer to their country for centuries.
3. In a more general sense, "China" can also be used to describe products or goods that originate from or are associated with the People's Republic of China.

If you have a specific context in which you encountered the term "China" related to medicine, please provide it so I can give a more accurate response.

Penicillins are a group of antibiotics derived from the Penicillium fungus. They are widely used to treat various bacterial infections due to their bactericidal activity, which means they kill bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of their cell walls. The first penicillin, benzylpenicillin (also known as penicillin G), was discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming. Since then, numerous semi-synthetic penicillins have been developed to expand the spectrum of activity and stability against bacterial enzymes that can inactivate these drugs.

Penicillins are classified into several groups based on their chemical structure and spectrum of activity:

1. Natural Penicillins (e.g., benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin): These have a narrow spectrum of activity, mainly targeting Gram-positive bacteria such as streptococci and staphylococci. However, they are susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by some bacteria.
2. Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins (e.g., methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin): These penicillins resist degradation by certain bacterial beta-lactamases and are primarily used to treat infections caused by staphylococci, including methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).
3. Aminopenicillins (e.g., ampicillin, amoxicillin): These penicillins have an extended spectrum of activity compared to natural penicillins, including some Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. However, they are still susceptible to degradation by many beta-lactamases.
4. Antipseudomonal Penicillins (e.g., carbenicillin, ticarcillin): These penicillins have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria with increased resistance to other antibiotics. They are often combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanate or tazobactam to protect them from degradation.
5. Extended-spectrum Penicillins (e.g., piperacillin): These penicillins have a broad spectrum of activity, including many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They are often combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors to protect them from degradation.

Penicillins are generally well-tolerated antibiotics; however, they can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, ranging from mild skin rashes to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Cross-reactivity between different penicillin classes and other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins) is possible but varies depending on the specific drugs involved.

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria, also known as spirochetes. These bacteria are gram-negative and have unique motility provided by endoflagella, which are located in the periplasmic space, running lengthwise between the cell's outer membrane and inner membrane.

Treponema species are responsible for several important diseases in humans, including syphilis (Treponema pallidum), yaws (Treponema pertenue), pinta (Treponema carateum), and endemic syphilis or bejel (Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum). These diseases are collectively known as treponematoses.

It is important to note that while these bacteria share some common characteristics, they differ in their clinical manifestations and geographical distributions. Proper diagnosis and treatment of treponemal infections require medical expertise and laboratory confirmation.

Seroepidemiologic studies are a type of epidemiological study that measures the presence and levels of antibodies in a population's blood serum to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. These studies help to identify patterns of infection and immunity within a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.

Seroepidemiologic studies typically involve collecting blood samples from a representative sample of individuals in a population and testing them for the presence of antibodies against specific pathogens. The results are then analyzed to estimate the prevalence of infection and immunity within the population, as well as any factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection.

These studies can provide valuable insights into the spread of infectious diseases, including emerging and re-emerging infections, and help to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Additionally, seroepidemiologic studies can also be used to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious agents, such as identifying sources of infection or tracking the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis. United States, William and Wood, 1884. The Modern Spain Sourcebook: A ...
Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis. 18: 302-318. Squibb, E. H. (1900). "Brief comments on the Materia Medica and ... when it was shown that exposure to radiation produced cutaneous burns. Influenced by electrotherapy and escharotics-the medical ...
Syphilis List of cutaneous conditions "Mulberry molar". NCBI. NIH. Retrieved 20 March 2019. Hillson, S; Grigson, C; Bond, S ( ... Cutaneous congenital anomalies, Syphilis, Dentistry, All stub articles, Dermatology stubs). ... Pregnant women with syphilis should tell their doctors about the condition and be treated for it during pregnancy, otherwise ... Since this particular symptom of congenital syphilis manifests later in childhood with the eruption of the permanent molars, it ...
The Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis. 35. 213. 1916. Brown, G. H. "Thomas Colcott Fox". www.rcplondon.ac.uk. ...
The Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis. volume 35. page 213. 1916.[5] Search page (IPNI) Botanists database ( ...
The Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis, Volume 23 contained several accounts of the slate grey nevus on children ... Montgomery, Douglass W. (1905). Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis Volume 23. Vol. 23. American Dermatological ... Silverberg, N. (2012). Atlas of Pediatric Cutaneous Biodiversity: Comparative Dermatologic Atlas of Pediatric Skin of All ... also known as stork bite List of cutaneous conditions Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). ...
List of cutaneous conditions Frangos, Constantinos C.; Lavranos, Giagkos M.; Frangos, Christos C. (July 2011). "Higoumenakis' ... ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1. Higoumenakis G: A new stigma of hereditary syphilis. Proceedings of the Medical Society of Athens. 687- ... Dermatologische Wochenschrift 154(30):697-705 (1968). Higoumenakis G: A new stigma of hereditary syphilis. Proceedings of the ... Higoumenakis KG: Higoumenakis's sign and its significance for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis. ...
La syphilis du système nerveux: pathologie générale, thérapeutique et prophylaxie, 1938. Le traitement de la syphilis, 1930, ... "Sézary's disease" (Sézary's syndrome): A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A variant of mycosis fungoides. Sur la pathogénie ... Microbiologie de la syphilis, 1913. Nouvelle méthode de vaccination antityphoïdique, 1918. Précis de syphiligraphie et des ... In 1921 he introduced the combination of arsenic and bismuth for the treatment of syphilis. He also proposed pentavalent ...
Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis chancres thefreedictionary[full citation needed] Hook, Edward W. (2012). "Syphilis". Goldman's ... Chancres transmit syphilis through direct physical contact. These ulcers usually form on or around the anus, mouth, penis and ... A chancre (/ˈʃæŋkər/ SHANG-kər) is a painless genital ulcer most commonly formed during the primary stage of syphilis. This ... Not to be confused with condylomata lata, which is seen in secondary syphilis The word "chancre" (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃kʁ ...
List of cutaneous conditions Eyer-Silva, WA; Martins, CJ; Silva, GARD; Acakpovi, G; Pinto, JFDC (6 November 2017). "Secondary ... Necklace of Venus describes the white spots on the side of the neck associated with syphilis. It is a type of leucoderma ... Ferri, Fred F. (2022). "Syphilis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022. Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 1452. ISBN 978-0-323-75571-9. ... syphilis presenting as leucoderma syphiliticum: case report and review". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo ...
Cutaneous congenital anomalies, Syphilis, Teeth, All stub articles, Medical sign stubs). ... List of cutaneous conditions Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. ... Hutchinson's teeth is a sign of congenital syphilis. Affected people have teeth that are smaller and more widely spaced than ... ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1. Pessoa, L.; Galvão, V. (2011). "Clinical aspects of congenital syphilis with Hutchinson's triad". BMJ ...
When more severe, these cutaneous infections would develop into furuncles (infections run deeper into the skin). Congenital ... syphilis is another bacterial infection of the skin that can cause pustules in the neonatal period. Listeriosis Herpes simplex ... CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2023, Cutaneous conditions, Pustular dermatitis, Neonatology). ... blisters on the hands of newborns due to sucking Aplasia cutis congenita Most commonly these are primary cutaneous infections, ...
ISBN 1-4160-2999-0. Pourang A, Fung MA, Tartar D, Brassard A (April 2021). "Condyloma lata in secondary syphilis". JAAD Case ... Condylomata lata or condyloma latum, is a cutaneous condition characterized by wart-like lesions on the genitals. They are ... Condylomata lata occurs in about one-third of secondary syphilis patients and is characterized by painless, mucosal, and warty ... McGraw-Hill v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions ...
A syphilid is any of the cutaneous and mucous membrane lesions characteristic of secondary and tertiary syphilis. It appears ... Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions, Syphilis, All stub articles, Dermatology stubs). ... Id reactions List of cutaneous conditions Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2- ...
Grooming has also been associated with cutaneous sexually transmitted diseases, such as genital warts, syphilis, and herpes. ... In December 2016 NPR reported that "Frequent removal of pubic hair is associated with an increased risk for herpes, syphilis ...
... and syphilis. Pathogenic exogenous bacteria can enter a host via cutaneous transmission, inhalation, and consumption. Only a ... B anthracis can enter a host via cutaneous transmission, inhalation, and/or consumption. Botulism is a rare disease caused by ...
List of cutaneous conditions "Papule definition and meaning - Collins English Dictionary". James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; ... Papules with scale on the palms and soles may occur in secondary syphilis, psoriasis, eczema, tinea manuum, mycosis fungoides. ... ISBN 978-1-84882-839-1. Paller, Amy S.; Mancini, Anthony J. (2020). "9. Cutaneous tumors and tumor syndromes". Clinical ... Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "2. Cutaneous signs and diagnosis". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin ...
Arch Dermatol Syphilis 1953; 195: 479-91. Serrano Ríos; M. Type 2. Diabetes Mellitus. Elsevier España. pp. 327-. ISBN 978-84- ... Lipoatrophia semicircularis List of cutaneous conditions James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' ...
Erythrasma List of cutaneous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions Palmer & Reeder ... Nasen-Rachenrauminduration.[citation needed] Archaic terms include: Syphilis of the nose. Nasal leprosy. Scleroma neonatorum. ...
Hutchinson's triad - pattern of presentation of congenital syphilis. Green nail sign List of cutaneous conditions Hutchinson J ...
Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis, Volume 29 Philipp Josef Pick at Who Named It Acrodermatitis chronica ... In 1869, with Heinrich Auspitz, he founded the journal Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis, later to be known as the " ... "Vierteljahresschrift für Dermatologie und Syphilis". In 1889, with Albert Neisser, he founded the "Deutschen Dermatologischen ...
It has also been associated with lichen planus, syphilis, and rheumatic fever. The term is from the Greek: κοῖλος, koilos, " ... Kyrle disease List of cutaneous conditions James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin ...
Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions, Syphilis, Tropical diseases). ... It is related to the more well-known T. pallidum, which can cause endemic syphilis.[citation needed] Diagnosis is usually ... "Treponematosis (Endemic Syphilis) Medication". Medscape. WebMD. Retrieved 15 September 2014. (Articles needing additional ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pinta (disease). List of cutaneous conditions "Pinta". Medscape. WebMD. Retrieved 3 ...
At the time of the outbreak of World War I, the only effective treatments for syphilis were based on arsphenamine which was ... Widener's generosity allowed Schamberg to start the Research Institute of Cutaneous Medicine in 1912. ... During World War I, Schamberg's research laboratory successfully synthesized Salvarsan, the standard treatment for syphilis, ...
... syphilis, cutaneous sarcoidosis, and leprosy should all be considered as well. The most common ways of diagnosing leishmaniasis ... Though a vaccine does not yet exist that can prevent cutaneous leishmaniasis, it is speculated that one will be developed in ... Leishmania major is a species of parasite found in the genus Leishmania, and is associated with the disease zoonotic cutaneous ... L. major and its cousin, L. tropica, are recognized as causing the majority of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis across the ...
"Amyloid in der Haut." Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis, 1930, pp. 40-94. "Nodular Non-Diabetic Cutaneous Xanthomatosis with ... "Verruca senilis und Keratoma senile", Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis, June 1926, Volume 152, Issue 2, pp. 505-528. " ... The description appeared in the Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis in 1926 and was regarded by his colleagues as important. ...
... syphilis, congenital MeSH C01.252.400.840.744.800 - syphilis, cutaneous MeSH C01.252.400.840.744.871 - syphilis, latent MeSH ... syphilis, congenital MeSH C01.252.847.840.744.800 - syphilis, cutaneous MeSH C01.252.847.840.744.871 - syphilis, latent MeSH ... syphilis, cutaneous MeSH C01.252.825.820 - tuberculosis, cutaneous MeSH C01.252.825.820.260 - erythema induratum MeSH C01.252. ... syphilis, cutaneous MeSH C01.539.800.720.820 - tuberculosis, cutaneous MeSH C01.539.800.720.820.260 - erythema induratum MeSH ...
hypersensitivity to alclometasone or any of ingredients in pharmaceutical forms cutaneous tuberculosis chicken pox perioral ... dermatitis acne rosacea open wounds trophic ulcers viral infection of skin skin manifestations of syphilis Adverse reactions ( ...
Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions, Syphilis, Infectious diseases with eradication efforts, Tropical diseases, Wikipedia ... Histology often shows some spatial features which distinguish yaws from syphilis (syphilis is more likely to be found in the ... Serological tests cannot distinguish yaws from the closely related syphilis; no test distinguishing yaws from syphilis is ... Drug and a syphilis test offer hope of yaws eradication Archived 13 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Thomas Reuter ...
Sifilide e Matrimonio [Syphilis and Marriage], Pavia: Mattei & Speroni, 1911. (Italian) "Osservazioni sopra una Forma di ... Allergia Cutanea nella Lebbra: Lepra Tubercoloide Sperimentale nell'Uomo [Observations on a Form of Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in ... On his own, Mariani worked on venereal diseases, developing a rapid method of identifying cases of syphilis microscopically to ...
... Venereology ... Cutaneous manifestations of syphilis - the main symptoms February 13, 2014 Cutaneous manifestations of syphilis is at all ... Why and how syphilis develops in the mouth Syphilis of the mouth is often the result of oral sex or kissing with syphilis, as ... Syphilis on the skin in the primary stage of the disease The first stage of syphilis or primary syphilis is manifested most ...
Start Over You searched for: Subjects Syphilis, Cutaneous ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Syphilis, Cutaneous Publication Year ...
Actinomycosis, syphilis, tuberculosis, salivary calculi, and malignancy are other etiologic agents that cause salivary gland ... Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising in Odontogenic Cutaneous Fistula. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2017 Jun. 18 (2):141-144. [QxMD ... encoded search term (Oral Cutaneous Fistulas) and Oral Cutaneous Fistulas What to Read Next on Medscape ... An oral cutaneous fistula leads to esthetic problems due to the continual leakage of saliva from the oral cavity to the face. ...
Dive into the research topics of Secondary syphilis mimicking cutaneous lymphoma. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis. United States, William and Wood, 1884. The Modern Spain Sourcebook: A ...
Exposed skin was a site of suspicion for any cutaneous change. Alongside other disfiguring maladies, the plague manifested on ... perhaps more recognisably known today as syphilis. Signs of the pox appeared on the skin in a wide array of lesions, ulcers and ... Exposed skin was a site of suspicion for any cutaneous change. Alongside other disfiguring maladies, the plague manifested on ...
MPXV-positive cutaneous lesions subsequently developed. HIV-1-negative; not on PrEP. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis. ...
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease occurring throughout the Americas from Texas to Argentina, and in the Old World ... Cutaneous leishmaniasis can become disseminated (diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis), especially in immunosuppressed persons. This ... Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with localized current field (radio frequency) in Tabasco, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 ... Cutaneous leishmaniasis occurs in the New World and the Old World. Old World disease primarily is caused by Leishmania tropica ...
Categories: Syphilis, Cutaneous Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ...
Cutaneous manifestations of syphilis: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2006; 7(5):291-304. doi:10.2165/00128071- ... secondary syphilis can present as annular secondary syphilis, which is also known as petaloid syphilis owing to its appearance ... The most common cutaneous presentation of secondary syphilis is a generalized morbilliform rash, usually involving the palms ... While primary syphilis typically presents as a solitary, painless papule or ulcer in the genital area, secondary syphilis is a ...
A case of rupioid syphilis masquerading as aggressive cutaneous lymphoma. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2015 Apr.7(1):e2015026 ... Primary Gangrenous Cutaneous Mold Infections in a Patient With Cancer and Neutropenia. Cancer Control. 2016 Jul.23(3):265-271. ... Cutaneous manifestations of HTLV-1 infection: a case report. Infect Dis Clin Prac. 2012 Nov.20(6):435-437. ... Ramarao S, Greene JN, Casanas BC, Carrington ML, Rice J, Kass J. Cutaneous Manifestation of Tuberculosis. Infect Dis Clin Prac ...
Cutaneous disorders may be the initial signs of HIV-related immunosuppression. ... Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease may result from HIV infection itself or from ... Rapid progression of secondary syphilis to tertiary syphilis and syphilis maligna has been reported in patients infected with ... Primary cutaneous infections with MAC are extremely rare; most cutaneous lesions are caused by dissemination. Cutaneous ...
... has designated a new collaborating centre for the case management of cutaneous leishmaniasis until 2023 at the Dermatology ... cholera and syphilis. Throughout the years, the department has expanded to include research, laser, mycology, paediatric and ... WHO designates new collaborating centre for case management of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia ... Manual for case management of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region [pdf 195Mb] , French , Arabic ...
Syphilis.. Baghdad Boil Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.. Balsam. An oily resinous (balm) substance used as a base for some medications ... Tertiary syphilis resulting in a hardening of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord with shooting pains, wasting, loss of ... A disorder of the whole body or part of it: as febrile affection or cutaneous affection, etc. ... Syphilis (though confused with gonorrhea) and to be distinguished from the Smallpox. ...
Cutaneous neonatal LE is more common in female babies (2:1) and with exposure to the La autoantibody rather than Ro ... Congenital syphilis.. What is the treatment for neonatal lupus erythematosus?. Hydroxychloroquine is reported to reduce the ... Cutaneous features of neonatal lupus erythematosus. Skin changes may be present at birth or becomes apparent within 3 months of ... Annular and discoid erythematous plaques resembling subacute cutaneous LE occur mainly on the head and neck, but can affect any ...
Exam revealed multiple cutaneous lesions of varying size all over his body, including his oral mucosa, hands, and feet ([Fig. ... syphilis, parvovirus B19, and rubella. Placental pathology was consistent with chronic and focal villitis. The initial ... Clinical spectrum of cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking various diseases. Acta Derm Venereol 2006; 86: 39-43 ... Clinical spectrum of cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking various diseases. Acta Derm Venereol 2006; 86: 39-43 ...
... cutaneous leishmaniasis (5.8%), and leprosy (4.4%). Of the 263 diagnoses in the neurologic grouping, the most frequent were ... syphilis (11.4%), urinary tract infection (10.9%), and HIV (10.0%). ...
Primary anetoderma: a cutaneous sign of antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus. 2003;12(7):564-568.. 14. Hodak E, David M. Primary ... 5. Hunt R, Chu J, Patel R, Sanchez M. Circumscribed lenticular anetoderma in an HIV-infected man with a history of syphilis and ... Primary anetoderma: a cutaneous marker of antiphospholipid antibodies. Skinmed. 2011;9(3):168-171.. 16. Lindstrom J, Smith KJ, ... Nonablative cutaneous remodeling using radiofrequency devices. Clin Dermatol. 2007;25(5): 487-491.. 33. Alexiades-Armenakas MR ...
Cutaneous reactions to cytokine therapy are as follows [45] :. * Erythropoietin - Abnormal hair growth, localized rash, ... This reaction can be seen with penicillin therapy for syphilis, griseofulvin or ketoconazole therapy for dermatophyte ... Cutaneous disease and drug reactions in HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jun 10. 328(23):1670-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Cutaneous reactions to targeted chemotherapy are as follows:. * Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (eg, gefitinib, ...
Striking clinical features include frequent cutaneous and extranodal involvement, young age at presentation, and male ... Primary cutaneous ALCL (PC-ALCL), according to the WHO classification, is part of the primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell ... syphilis, scabies, molluscum contagiosum virus, and parapoxvirus (milkers nodule). They may be numerous in tick bites. ... Generally, cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (cutaneous CD30+ ALCL) has a favorable clinical course (5-y survival ...
2015, NEW DIAGNOSTICS FOR SYPHILIS AND YAWS AND DETECTION OF HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI IN CUTANEOUS LESIONS IN CHILDREN, in ... 2016, Complete genome sequences of 11 Haemophilus ducreyi isolates from children with cutaneous lesions in Vanuatu and Ghana ...
... secondary syphilis, sarcoidosis, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and granuloma annulare. ... secondary syphilis, sarcoidosis, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and granuloma annulare. ... Anolik RB, Schaffer A, Kim EJ, Rosenbach M. Thyroid dysfunction and cutaneous sarcoidosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;66(1):167- ... Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus most commonly develops in women 20 to 39 years of age. Skin lesions develop in sun- ...
... for syphilis (in addition to a CBC, TSH, iron binding studies, ANA and vitamin D; testosterone and DHEAS would also be obtained ... cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and Oslers ultimate masquerader - syphilis.. Syphilis is on the rise in recent years, especially in ... 4. Luo Y, Liu J. Image gallery: Moth-eaten alopecia as the only cutaneous symptom of acquired secondary syphilis in a 2-year- ... Thus, the diagnosis may be delayed, especially when SA is the unique manifestation of secondary syphilis and primary syphilis ...
... and cutaneous-mucous and central nervous system lesions. This syndrome could lead to death55. Haroon S, Velaphi S, Goga Y, ... congenital syphilis (, 1 year). vertical transmission of syphilis (%). gestational syphilis. congenital syphilis (, 1 year). ... TABLE 3 - Number of cases of gestational syphilis and congenital syphilis (in infants , 1 year old) and the rate of vertical ... Number of cases of gestational syphilis and congenital syphilis (in infants , 1 year old) and the rate of vertical transmission ...
syphilis*gonnorhea*herpes*staph infections*cutaneous anthrax*genital warts * Indirect contact by fomites diseases ...
Evaluation of a previous mass campaign against endemic syphilis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. (1 February, 1973) Free E I Grin, T ... Presentation of a case with cutaneous manifestations. (1 February, 1973) Free A Lassus, M Kousa ... Lack of effect on concomitant syphilis. (1 February, 1973) Free H B Svindland ...
Syphilis and skin diseases in the American Negro: personal observations. Arch Dermatol Syph. 1935. 31:316. ... Three cases of lichen nitidus associated with various cutaneous diseases. Ann Dermatol. 2014 Aug. 26(4):505-9. [QxMD MEDLINE ... report of a case and analysis of T cell receptor V gene expression in the cutaneous and intestinal lesions. Dermatology. 1995. ...
An addition to the spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019-related cutaneous findings ... Bellinato F, Maurelli M, Gisondi P, Girolomoni G. Cutaneous adverse reactions associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. J Clin Med. ... Serological tests ruled out rubella, rubeola and syphilis and infections due to parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, ... McMahon DE, Amerson E, Rosenbach M, Lipoff JB, Moustafa D, Tyagi A, et al. Cutaneous reactions reported after Moderna and ...
Cutaneous anergy (defined as skin test response of less than or equal to 3 mm to all DTH antigens) may be present among greater ... A syphilis serology. -- A CD4+ T-lymphocyte analysis. -- Complete blood and platelet counts. -- A purified protein derivative ( ...
  • 2 Lesions in annular secondary syphilis often occur close to the angle of the mandible and frequently spare the palms and soles. (ccjm.org)
  • Annular lesions on the head and neck could also be secondary to petaloid seborrheic dermatitis, tinea corporis, discoid lupus erythematosus, subacute lupus erythematosus, cutaneous sarcoidosis, or granuloma annulare. (ccjm.org)
  • It is important for clinicians to consider petaloid secondary syphilis in the differential of annular lesions, as it can mimic other inflammatory and infectious etiologies. (ccjm.org)
  • A 4-day-old preterm male neonate was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for evaluation of respiratory failure and cutaneous hemorrhagic pustular lesions. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Two months prior, during an admission to the hospital for the treatment of secondary syphilis with intravenous penicillin, his skin lesions began to appear. (jcadonline.com)
  • Many diseases present with cutaneous annular lesions, making distinction by physical appearance alone challenging. (aafp.org)
  • In conclusion, there are two types of SA: "symptomatic SA" accompanied by other lesions of secondary syphilis and "essential SA" free from any other cutaneous manifestations. (aad.org)
  • alternatively, congenital syphilis might present as a syndrome with various clinical manifestations such as massive sepsis, bone lesions, and cutaneous-mucous and central nervous system lesions. (scielo.br)
  • Kano Y, Shiohara T, Yagita A, Nagashima M. Erythema nodosum, lichen planus and lichen nitidus in Crohn's disease: report of a case and analysis of T cell receptor V gene expression in the cutaneous and intestinal lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Cutaneous lesions arising from infection with Treponema pallidum. (bvsalud.org)
  • Physical examination revealed the presence of typical lesions of cutaneous larva migrans on arms, legs and back. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gummatous lesions in tertiary syphilis - Adapted from Dermatology Atlas. (wikidoc.org)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), CD30+ LPD include primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), and borderline lesions. (aad.org)
  • Syphilis should be suspected in patients with typical mucocutaneous lesions or unexplained neurologic disorders, particularly in areas where the infection is prevalent. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Examination revealed the findings of a combined occlusion of central retinal vein and artery in the left eye, with cutaneous lesions resembling acute erythema nodosum. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Cutaneous lesions characterize the primary and secondary stages of yaws. (medscape.com)
  • However, in some cases, there is no cutaneous involvement or it is preceded by visceral, oral or ganglion lesions 21 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Congenital syphilis . (dermnetnz.org)
  • Blueberry muffin baby" is a term describing the cutaneous manifestations of various congenital infections and neoplastic diseases. (thieme-connect.de)
  • PROJECT SUMMARY Since 2014, Congenital Syphilis (CS) cases in the United States, caused by the transplacental transmission of the bacterium Treponema pallidum from mother to child, have increased at an alarming rate. (sbir.gov)
  • Congenital syphilis is an important health problem in Brazil. (scielo.br)
  • A descriptive study cross-sectional and of time trends assessing the congenital syphilis was performed in Cuiabá and Mato Grosso between 2001 and 2011. (scielo.br)
  • We compared maternal sociodemographic characteristics and health care utilization related to cases of congenital syphilis during the periods from 2001 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2011. (scielo.br)
  • In the state and in the capital, the increasing trend of congenital syphilis was not statistically significant. (scielo.br)
  • The high incidence of congenital syphilis in Mato Grosso and the low levels of health care indicators for pregnant women with syphilis suggest the need to improve the coverage and quality of prenatal care. (scielo.br)
  • Haroon S, Velaphi S, Goga Y, Afadapa N, Steen R, Lincetto O. The prevention and management of congenital syphilis: an overview and recommendations. (scielo.br)
  • Notable bacterial pustular eruptions are bullous impetigo and congenital syphilis. (nih.gov)
  • The incidence of congenital syphilis has also been on the rise in recent years and has been linked to an increase in the prevalence of this sexually transmitted infection among young women. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • Dr. Friedlander noted that according to data from the Centers for Disease Control, the incidence of congenital syphilis decreased from 10.5 to 8.4 cases per 100,000 live births between 2008 and 2012. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • Although it is still very uncommon, congenital syphilis is something that pediatricians need to be thinking about when they are called to examine a newborn with a rash, and the manifestations are different than what we think of in older patients," Dr. Friedlander said. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • Congenital Syphilis Congenital syphilis is a multisystem infection caused by Treponema pallidum and transmitted to the fetus via the placenta. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Another form of syphilis is congenital syphilis. (cdc.gov)
  • Congenital syphilis that which is transmitted during pregnancy or during birth with huge risks if contracted before pregnancy outcome, with deformities or stillbirths or death in newborns. (cdc.gov)
  • Some typical dental defect in juvenile individuals help the paleopathologist in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis on skeletal remains. (cdc.gov)
  • So, you mentioned sexually transmitted and congenital, but what specifically are the ways a person usually gets syphilis? (cdc.gov)
  • Another possibility is the so-called "congenital syphilis. (cdc.gov)
  • Physical examination findings in tertiary syphilis depend on the organ system involved. (wikidoc.org)
  • The patient was HIV positive since 2008 and was initially diagnosed with tertiary syphilis. (bvsalud.org)
  • And the latent phase of syphilis can last many years after which, without treatment, approximately 15 to 40% of people can develop tertiary syphilis. (cdc.gov)
  • People with tertiary syphilis are not infectious. (cdc.gov)
  • After 6-7 weeks, a chancre disappears even without treatment and the disease enters the second stage - secondary syphilis. (netlify.app)
  • Secondary syphilis begins at times not yet fully disappeared chancre. (netlify.app)
  • Secondary syphilis with the first period of abundant bright rash on the skin called secondary fresh. (netlify.app)
  • After that, the rash appears (in the blood of many pale treponem) disappears (antibodies destroy pathogens) - a secondary recurrent syphilis. (netlify.app)
  • All secondary syphilis may last for 3-4 years without treatment. (netlify.app)
  • Secondary syphilis manifests itself on the skin as a roseolous (in a pale pink spots), papular (a bluish or purple elevations on the skin) or pustular (in the form of pustules) rash. (netlify.app)
  • Thus at the open secondary syphilis rash brighter, abundant and symmetrical, while recurrent secondary syphilis - less bright and often has grouped character. (netlify.app)
  • All rashes secondary period of syphilis disappear, usually without a trace and without treatment in 3-4 years, the disease becomes Tertiary period. (netlify.app)
  • Though not certain, we believed that this patient likely acquired a new case of syphilis after treatment of his previous infection, because he presented at 9 months after the primary diagnosis, and resolution of secondary syphilis typically occurs within 12 weeks. (ccjm.org)
  • While primary syphilis typically presents as a solitary, painless papule or ulcer in the genital area, secondary syphilis is a generalized infection often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, headaches, sore throat, or joint pain. (ccjm.org)
  • The most common cutaneous presentation of secondary syphilis is a generalized morbilliform rash, usually involving the palms and soles. (ccjm.org)
  • 2 However, secondary syphilis can present as annular secondary syphilis, which is also known as petaloid syphilis owing to its appearance resembling the petals of a flower. (ccjm.org)
  • 3 - 5 Secondary syphilis typically presents without lymphadenopathy and often affects the genitalia. (ccjm.org)
  • Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease may result from HIV infection itself or from opportunistic disorders secondary to the decline in immunocompetence from the disease. (medscape.com)
  • This article will review a case of generalized anetoderma in a patient with secondary syphilis after being treated with intravenous penicillin, along with a concise literature review. (jcadonline.com)
  • Thus, the clinical findings in conjunction with microscopic analysis and negative blood examination confirmed a diagnosis of anetoderma in the setting of HIV and secondary syphilis. (jcadonline.com)
  • Thus, the diagnosis may be delayed, especially when SA is the unique manifestation of secondary syphilis and primary syphilis signs are absent or not reported (i.e., essential SA). (aad.org)
  • A 45-year-old Caucasian man, a naturalist, from the UK developed cutaneous larva migrans while in Kenya and presented to us with visual disturbance secondary to unilateral optic disc edema. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Originally described in 1757 by William Hunter in a patient afflicted with a saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta secondary to syphilis [ 2 ], this condition is characterized by compromised blood flow in the vena cava because of extrinsic compression or intraluminal occlusion. (escholarship.org)
  • The physical examination findings of syphilis are described according to the stage of syphilis which includes non-tender chancre in primary syphilis followed by rash and generalized lymphadenopathy in secondary syphilis. (wikidoc.org)
  • The majority of cases of primary and secondary syphilis occurred in men (81%) and, among men, 53% of cases were in men who have sex with men. (msdmanuals.com)
  • from 2015 to 2020, the primary and secondary syphilis rate among women increased 147% (from 1.9 to 4.7 per 100,000), and the rate among men increased 34% (from 15.5 to 20.8 per 100,000) (see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Preliminary 2021 STD Surveillance Data and Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2020: Syphilis ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The cause was proven to be early infectious (secondary) syphilis, and strongly reactive Treponema pallidum immobilization and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) tests were found in both peripheral blood and aqueous humor of the involved eye. (jamanetwork.com)
  • In secondary syphilis, approximately 4 to 10 weeks after the primary infection, a reddish rash occurs which frequently involves the trunk and the extremities. (cdc.gov)
  • It develops after secondary syphilis. (cdc.gov)
  • Anti-SSA(Ro)/SSB(La) antibodies are detected in some patients with Sjögren syndrome , systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), rheumatoid arthritis , or other connective tissue disorders. (dermnetnz.org)
  • What is the differential diagnosis for neonatal cutaneous lupus erythematosus? (dermnetnz.org)
  • The cutaneous features of neonatal lupus erythematosus slowly resolve over 6-12 months as the maternal antibodies clear from the baby's circulation. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease occurring throughout the Americas from Texas to Argentina, and in the Old World, particularly the Middle East and North Africa. (aafp.org)
  • Fifty to 100 cases of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis are diagnosed each year in the United States. (aafp.org)
  • Only 19 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 12 cases of visceral disease were diagnosed in this group. (aafp.org)
  • 5 Preliminary data on 22 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis contracted by American troops in Afghanistan, Kuwait, and Iraq and treated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between August 2002 and September 2003 were recently released. (aafp.org)
  • Some species cause visceral leishmaniasis, some cause cutaneous disease, and some cause both. (aafp.org)
  • This article focuses on cutaneous leishmaniasis, the more common form of the disease. (aafp.org)
  • 29 November 2020 - The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated the Dermatology Department of La Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Al Manar 2, Tunis, Tunisia, as a new collaborating centre for the case management of cutaneous leishmaniasis, valid until 2023. (who.int)
  • collaborating with other WHO collaborating centres in the clinical management of cutaneous leishmaniasis. (who.int)
  • In addition to local experience in the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia, the team from this institution has been collaborating with WHO in the development of guidelines and capacity-building. (who.int)
  • Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. (collectmedicalantiques.com)
  • Between 2010 and 2020, there has been a massive increase, more than 300% increase, in cases of syphilis in the UK. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • There were about 8000 cases of syphilis diagnosed in the UK in 2018, most of them being in gay men. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • 5.6 million new cases of Syphilis. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • In 2012, according to WHO t here was an estimated 18 million total cases of Syphilis. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • In 2020, there were more than 130,000 reported cases of syphilis in the US. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cutaneous manifestations of syphilis is at all stages. (netlify.app)
  • Mucocutaneous candidiasis, including recurrent and widespread diaper dermatitis and chronic paronychia, is a common cutaneous manifestation in children with HIV infection. (medscape.com)
  • The most common cutaneous infections in children with HIV disease are impetigo and cellulitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus . (medscape.com)
  • Primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ LPD) are the second most common cutaneous lymphomas after mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), representing approximately 30% of all cutaneous lymphomas. (aad.org)
  • Rarely can watch the gradual development of multiple chancre in persons exposed to re-infection during the incubation period or within the first 10-12 days of the chancre - a so-called seronegative period of syphilis, when the blood has not yet appeared antibodies to Treponema pallidum. (netlify.app)
  • [ 5 ] recommend a dental examination and radiographs to rule out infection of dental origin to the cutaneous face or neck. (medscape.com)
  • For patient education information, see the Immune System Center , Sexually Transmitted Diseases Center , Teeth and Mouth Center , and Yeast and Fungal Infections Center , as well as HIV/AIDS , Canker Sores , Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) , and Syphilis . (medscape.com)
  • Syphilis infection during pregnancy: fetal risks and clinical management. (scielo.br)
  • 2-5 High-risk sexual behaviors also place adolescents at risk of acquiring syphilis and HIV infection. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • Syphilis is the first disease to have been identified as a sexually transmitted infection in 1494. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • Syphilis is contagious to others, without treatment, in the first 2 years after getting the infection. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • Syphilis becomes non-contagious 2 years after getting the infection , even without adequate treatment. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • However, common symptoms produced by early Syphilis like fever, sore throat, lymph nodes, mouth ulcers and skin rash, being away from genitalia, do not raise the suspicion of a sexually transmitted infection. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • When someone gets the Syphilis infection, it is a local infection, producing symptoms in the part of the body where the initial exposure to the infection had occurred. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • Syphilis, after HIV, is the second most serious sexually transmitted infection. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • In her presentation, Dr. Friedlander said dermatologists should be aware of recent increases in cases of Zika virus infection, Chikungunya virus infection, and syphilis in newborns. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • Cutaneous findings of Chikungunya virus infection in neonates include a maculopapular and sometimes blistering rash, black streaks in the nails, and persistent hyperpigmentation after recovery from the acute disease. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • Syphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum and is characterized by 3 sequential symptomatic stages separated by periods of asymptomatic latent infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • [ 3 ] Conversely, a cutaneous lesion such as a furuncle can be misdiagnosed as a sinus tract to the skin of the face. (medscape.com)
  • Another case with cutaneous manifestations involved a 44-year-old woman with a draining lesion to the skin just lateral to the nasofacial sulcus. (medscape.com)
  • Serology for human immunodeficiency virus was nonreactive, and cutaneous punch biopsy of the mandibular lesion was performed. (ccjm.org)
  • Those experiencing 'chancres' which are suspected to be Syphilis may require a DNA PCR test from the lesion. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • So that the primary lesion had been exposed to a thickening of syphilis to 99. (dwellbycheryl.com)
  • As you can see, the debate is very complex and, at the moment, there are still archeological finds, human remains with typical lesion of syphilis and treponematosis, that will help us to find a definitive solution. (cdc.gov)
  • Staining for Treponema pallidum highlighted numerous spirochetes, consistent with syphilis. (ccjm.org)
  • Estimations indicate that from 2008 to 2009, seropositivity for syphilis among pregnant women who attended prenatal consultations ranged from 0.06% in the Mediterranean region to 2.13% in Africa, and approximately 1.4 million pregnant women worldwide are infected with Treponema pallidum 4 4. (scielo.br)
  • Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, Syphilis behaves differently from other STIs and is often seen to affect parts of the body other than the male/female genitalia. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • Yaws is caused by Treponema pallidum pertenue, a slender spirochete that is serologically indistinguishable from the spirochete T pallidum , which causes syphilis. (medscape.com)
  • Antonio Fornaciari] Syphilis is an infectious disease, sexually transmitted, caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum . (cdc.gov)
  • There's also another theory--so called an Italian hypotheses--that syphilis is a single organism that is Treponema , caused different clinical manifestations depending upon climatic, social, and demographic factors, producing the clinical manifestation named pinta, yaws, bejel, and syphilis. (cdc.gov)
  • This ulcerated nodule of localized primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma is relatively nonspecific in appearance. (medscape.com)
  • Striking clinical features include frequent cutaneous and extranodal involvement, young age at presentation, and male predominance. (medscape.com)
  • Because clinical manifestations are so diverse and advanced stages are now relatively rare in most developed countries, syphilis may escape recognition. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Especially in infants in whom these cutaneous findings are accompanied by severe illness, providers must rapidly navigate the broad range of possibilities. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Defining features of late-stage disease include sunset glow fundus, or, characteristic uveitis with at least 1 of the following cutaneous findings: vitiligo, poliosis, or alopecia. (medscape.com)
  • One study estimated that more than 95% of newborns have cutaneous findings, which often are distressing to parents but frequently are benign and self-limited. (nih.gov)
  • Dermatologists know that there are three great mimickers that can be included in virtually every differential diagnosis - sarcoidosis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and Osler's ultimate masquerader - syphilis. (aad.org)
  • The pitfalls in diagnosing cutaneous lymphoma are so numerous, one wonders if any dermatopathologist can get a good night's sleep. (aad.org)
  • The first stage of syphilis or primary syphilis is manifested most often in the form of a single element in the skin, which is called a chancre. (netlify.app)
  • Chancre appears on the skin at the site of the introduction of syphilis - pale treponem so often can be seen on the genitals. (netlify.app)
  • Primary stage syphilis sore (chancre) on the surface of a tongue. (wikidoc.org)
  • Syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilitic chancre. (cdc.gov)
  • We'll be discussing a case of syphilis in a royal woman in 16th century Florence. (cdc.gov)
  • His parents tested negative for syphilis, but his grandmother demonstrated a positive RPR (1:32) and TPPA positivity. (aad.org)
  • Serum was negative for syphilis, toxoplasmosis, toxocara and brucellosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fascial-plane infections, space infections, and osteomyelitis can cause cutaneous fistulas. (medscape.com)
  • The primary cutaneous form of ALCL (PC-ALCL), seen in the image below, is defined by skin-only involvement without systemic dissemination at presentation. (medscape.com)
  • PC-ALCL is one of the primary cutaneous CD30 + T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, a wide spectrum of disease, with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) at the benign end of the spectrum and PC-ALCL at the malignant end. (medscape.com)
  • Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete bacterium T pallidum . (ccjm.org)
  • A variety of neoplastic, infectious, and noninfectious diseases can produce cutaneous manifestations throughout the course of HIV disease. (medscape.com)
  • [ 14 ] This classification criteria allows the distinction of early and late-stage disease, as well as VKH from other panuveitides (sarcoidosis, Behcet disease, sympathetic ophthalmia, syphilis and tuberculosis). (medscape.com)
  • There was a massive spike of Syphilis cases between 1943-1950 in the UK, but thanks to the discovery of penicillin and venereal disease clinics, the cases of infectious syphilis virtually disappeared by 1950 and remained so until 2000. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • Similar to syphilis, yaws can persist for years as a chronic, relapsing disease. (medscape.com)
  • Development of Kaposi sarcoma in the oral cavity also has prognostic implications for untreated HIV patients, who are found to have higher death rates than patients affected only by cutaneous disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • In latent syphilis, which can last for years, there are few or no symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • But for syphilis pathogen penetrated through the skin, it should be at least a little damage: microtrauma, abrasion, wound, ulcer and so on. (netlify.app)
  • The initial diagnostic evaluation of patients with any lymphoproliferative malignancy should include a careful history and physical examination, with close attention paid to the presence of systemic B symptoms, lymph node involvement, organomegaly, and evidence of cutaneous involvement. (medscape.com)
  • 7 Screening for additional STIs such as syphilis or hepatitis should be based on symptoms and the presence of additional high-risk factors (prostitution, drug use, incarceration). (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • Most patients with Syphilis will have no symptoms and are diagnosed on a routine blood test as part of a sexual health check-up. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary, depending which of the 4 stages is present. (cdc.gov)
  • Syphilis also has been known as the great imitator or the great pretender, as it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Journal of Cutaneous Diseases Including Syphilis. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the most prominent diseases of the early modern period was the French pox, perhaps more recognisably known today as syphilis. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • Three cases of lichen nitidus associated with various cutaneous diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Syphilis and skin diseases in the American Negro: personal observations. (medscape.com)
  • After the earthquake of 1755 the patients of the Casa das Boubas were transferred to the most insalubrious area of the São José Royal Hospital and later on to the annexe Desterro Hospital, the place of the social outcasts, victims of syphilis and of other venereal and dermatological diseases. (getlisbon.com)
  • From 1897 a consultation service of syphilis and venereal diseases was created, available for the entire population and under the responsibility of the disciple of the esteemed physician Sousa Martins, Dr. Thomaz de Mello Breyner (1866-1933). (getlisbon.com)
  • Syphilis is caused by T. pallidum , a spirochete that cannot survive for long outside the human body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Any history of penetrating ocular trauma or surgery, positive treponemal syphilis serology, or evidence of sarcoidosis needs to be excluded prior to making diagnosis of VKH. (medscape.com)
  • Other viral infections being seen more commonly in infants are Chikungunya and syphilis. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • Syphilis infections are more frequent in men who have sex with men ("men who have sex with men" MSM). (altmeyers.org)
  • Evaluation of a previous mass campaign against endemic syphilis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. (bmj.com)
  • Yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta collectively constitute the endemic treponematoses. (medscape.com)
  • Columbian theory holds that syphilis was endemic in the Americas and was transmitted to sailors of Columbus by the native population of the Hispaniola island. (cdc.gov)
  • Venereal syphilis first emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century. (cdc.gov)
  • However, a subsequent large case series reported a reduced risk of cutaneous neonatal lupus with a later onset of the rash when hydroxychloroquine was taken for SLE. (dermnetnz.org)
  • There are some patients who present with a genital ulcer or a skin rash to a sexual health clinic which prompts a suspicion of Syphilis and the test is undertaken. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • Established in 1940, the Dermatology Department is an academic dermatological institution with extensive experience in responding to epidemics of variola, typhus, plague, cholera and syphilis. (who.int)
  • This is the routine test for syphilis looking for presence of antibodies - results in 20 minutes . (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • Biopsy and CT confirmed the presence of both odontogenic cutaneous fistula and basal cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Cases of other less common etiologies: pulmonary amoebiasis, antiphospholipid syndrome, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, thoracic actinomycosis, invasive epidermoid carcinoma, cutaneous polyarteritis, and merkel cell carcinoma [4-10] have also been reported. (escholarship.org)
  • Background: Cutaneous Rosai - Dorfman illness (CRDD) is extraordinarily uncommon variant of idiopathic histiocytic proliferative dysfunction, which can manifest as a non-specific macules, papules, plaques or nodules ranging in dimension and color from yellow - crimson to crimson -brown. (influenza-x.org)
  • The affected, doubtless according to alternate cauterisations with tincture of neighbouring regions by rest in the cutaneous neoplasms. (thetribebooks.com)
  • Exposed skin was a site of suspicion for any cutaneous change. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • Thus Syphilis, soon after its first stage called primary Syphilis, can affect virtually any system in the body including skin, eyes, liver, brain, nerves and heart. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • Gestational syphilis is a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous abortion, perinatal death, prematurity, low birth weight, and other problems 1 1. (scielo.br)
  • Global estimates of syphilis in pregnancy and associated adverse outcomes: analysis of multinational antenatal surveillance data. (scielo.br)
  • The progression to next stages of Syphilis however does go on in the absence of adequate treatment. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • In later stages, the effect produced by Syphilis becomes irreversible despite treatment. (clarewellclinics.co.uk)
  • However, syphilis typically follows a progression of stages that can last for weeks, months, or even years. (cdc.gov)