Heart Murmurs
Systolic Murmurs
Heart Sounds
Phonocardiography
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Aortic Valve Stenosis
Echocardiography
Stethoscopes
Heart Failure, Systolic
Encyclopedias as Topic
Chordae Tendineae
Resolution of a giant atrial thrombus following anticoagulation therapy. (1/5)
We report on a patient in whom a giant thrombus in the left atrium was detected by transthoracic echocardiography. Anticoagulant theraphy was started. After two months of therapy, repeat echocardiography showed complete resolution of the thrombus. This case indicates that large and presumably organised thrombi may be treated with anticoagulant therapy. (+info)Anterior leaflet on the leash: unusual cause of congenital severe mitral regurgitation. (2/5)
(+info)Blood cyst of tricuspid valve: an incidental finding in a patient with ventricular septal defect. (3/5)
(+info)Uncommon acquired Gerbode defect (left ventricular to right atrial communication) following a tricuspid annuloplasty without concomitant mitral surgery. (4/5)
(+info)On systolic murmurs and cardiovascular physiological maneuvers. (5/5)
(+info)A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, which is caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart. It is often described as a blowing, whooshing, or rasping noise. Heart murmurs can be innocent (harmless and not associated with any heart disease) or pathological (indicating an underlying heart condition). They are typically detected during routine physical examinations using a stethoscope. The classification of heart murmurs includes systolic, diastolic, continuous, and functional murmurs, based on the timing and auscultatory location. Various heart conditions, such as valvular disorders, congenital heart defects, or infections, can cause pathological heart murmurs. Further evaluation with diagnostic tests like echocardiography is often required to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.
Systolic murmurs are heart sounds that occur during systole, which is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract and pump blood out to the body. These murmurs are often heard as blowing, whooshing, or rustling sounds, and they can vary in intensity, pitch, and duration.
Systolic murmurs can be caused by a variety of conditions, including valvular heart disease (such as stenosis or regurgitation), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, and patent ductus arteriosus. In some cases, systolic murmurs may be innocent or functional, meaning that they are not associated with any underlying heart disease and are harmless.
The location, timing, and quality of the murmur can provide important clues about the underlying cause and severity of the condition. For example, a harsh, loud murmur heard best at the upper left sternal border may suggest aortic stenosis, while a high-pitched, blowing murmur heard best at the apex of the heart may indicate mitral regurgitation.
Overall, systolic murmurs are an important clinical sign that should be evaluated carefully in order to diagnose and manage any underlying heart conditions.
Heart auscultation is a medical procedure in which a healthcare professional uses a stethoscope to listen to the sounds produced by the heart. The process involves placing the stethoscope on various locations of the chest wall to hear different areas of the heart.
The sounds heard during auscultation are typically related to the opening and closing of the heart valves, as well as the turbulence created by blood flow through the heart chambers. These sounds can provide important clues about the structure and function of the heart, allowing healthcare professionals to diagnose various cardiovascular conditions such as heart murmurs, valvular disorders, and abnormal heart rhythms.
Heart auscultation is a key component of a physical examination and requires proper training and experience to interpret the findings accurately.
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the movement of blood through it. They are caused by the vibration of the cardiac structures, such as the valves, walls, and blood vessels, during the cardiac cycle.
There are two normal heart sounds, often described as "lub-dub," that can be heard through a stethoscope. The first sound (S1) is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole, when the ventricles contract to pump blood out to the body and lungs. The second sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole, as the ventricles relax and the ventricular pressure decreases, allowing the valves to close.
Abnormal heart sounds, such as murmurs, clicks, or extra sounds (S3 or S4), may indicate cardiac disease or abnormalities in the structure or function of the heart. These sounds can be evaluated through a process called auscultation, which involves listening to the heart with a stethoscope and analyzing the intensity, pitch, quality, and timing of the sounds.
Phonocardiography is a non-invasive medical procedure that involves the graphical representation and analysis of sounds produced by the heart. It uses a device called a phonocardiograph to record these sounds, which are then displayed as waveforms on a screen. The procedure is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques, such as electrocardiography (ECG), to help diagnose various heart conditions, including valvular heart disease and heart murmurs.
During the procedure, a specialized microphone called a phonendoscope is placed on the chest wall over the area of the heart. The microphone picks up the sounds generated by the heart's movements, such as the closing and opening of the heart valves, and transmits them to the phonocardiograph. The phonocardiograph then converts these sounds into a visual representation, which can be analyzed for any abnormalities or irregularities in the heart's function.
Phonocardiography is a valuable tool for healthcare professionals, as it can provide important insights into the health and functioning of the heart. By analyzing the waveforms produced during phonocardiography, doctors can identify any potential issues with the heart's valves or other structures, which may require further investigation or treatment. Overall, phonocardiography is an essential component of modern cardiac diagnostics, helping to ensure that patients receive accurate and timely diagnoses for their heart conditions.
Auscultation is a medical procedure in which a healthcare professional uses a stethoscope to listen to the internal sounds of the body, such as heart, lung, or abdominal sounds. These sounds can provide important clues about a person's health and help diagnose various medical conditions, such as heart valve problems, lung infections, or digestive issues.
During auscultation, the healthcare professional places the stethoscope on different parts of the body and listens for any abnormal sounds, such as murmurs, rubs, or wheezes. They may also ask the person to perform certain movements, such as breathing deeply or coughing, to help identify any changes in the sounds.
Auscultation is a simple, non-invasive procedure that can provide valuable information about a person's health. It is an essential part of a physical examination and is routinely performed by healthcare professionals during regular checkups and hospital visits.
Mitral valve insufficiency, also known as mitral regurgitation, is a cardiac condition in which the mitral valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward into the atrium during contraction of the ventricle. This leads to an increased volume load on the left heart chamber and can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. The condition can be caused by various factors including valve damage due to degenerative changes, infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, or trauma. Treatment options include medication, mitral valve repair, or replacement surgery depending on the severity and underlying cause of the insufficiency.
Systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the heart muscle contracts to pump blood out of the heart. Specifically, it refers to the contraction of the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart. This is driven by the action of the electrical conduction system of the heart, starting with the sinoatrial node and passing through the atrioventricular node and bundle branches to the Purkinje fibers.
During systole, the pressure within the ventricles increases as they contract, causing the aortic and pulmonary valves to open and allowing blood to be ejected into the systemic and pulmonary circulations, respectively. The duration of systole is typically shorter than that of diastole, the phase during which the heart muscle relaxes and the chambers fill with blood.
In clinical settings, the terms "systolic" and "diastolic" are often used to describe blood pressure measurements, with the former referring to the pressure exerted on the artery walls when the ventricles contract and eject blood, and the latter referring to the pressure when the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood.
Aortic valve stenosis is a cardiac condition characterized by the narrowing or stiffening of the aortic valve, which separates the left ventricle (the heart's main pumping chamber) from the aorta (the large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body). This narrowing or stiffening prevents the aortic valve from opening fully, resulting in reduced blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and the rest of the body.
The narrowing can be caused by several factors, including congenital heart defects, calcification (hardening) of the aortic valve due to aging, or scarring of the valve due to rheumatic fever or other inflammatory conditions. As a result, the left ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, which can lead to thickening and enlargement of the left ventricular muscle (left ventricular hypertrophy).
Symptoms of aortic valve stenosis may include chest pain or tightness, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness or fainting, and heart palpitations. Severe aortic valve stenosis can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or even sudden cardiac death. Treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, or surgical intervention such as aortic valve replacement.
Echocardiography is a medical procedure that uses sound waves to produce detailed images of the heart's structure, function, and motion. It is a non-invasive test that can help diagnose various heart conditions, such as valve problems, heart muscle damage, blood clots, and congenital heart defects.
During an echocardiogram, a transducer (a device that sends and receives sound waves) is placed on the chest or passed through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart. The sound waves produced by the transducer bounce off the heart structures and return to the transducer, which then converts them into electrical signals that are processed to create images of the heart.
There are several types of echocardiograms, including:
* Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE): This is the most common type of echocardiogram and involves placing the transducer on the chest.
* Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): This type of echocardiogram involves passing a specialized transducer through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart from a closer proximity.
* Stress echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram is performed during exercise or medication-induced stress to assess how the heart functions under stress.
* Doppler echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram uses sound waves to measure blood flow and velocity in the heart and blood vessels.
Echocardiography is a valuable tool for diagnosing and managing various heart conditions, as it provides detailed information about the structure and function of the heart. It is generally safe, non-invasive, and painless, making it a popular choice for doctors and patients alike.
A stethoscope is a medical device used for auscultation, or listening to the internal sounds of the body. It is most commonly used to hear the heartbeat, lung sounds, and blood flow in the major arteries. The device consists of a small disc-shaped resonator that is placed against the skin, connected by tubing to two earpieces. Stethoscopes come in different types and designs, but all serve the primary purpose of amplifying and transmitting body sounds to facilitate medical diagnosis.
Heart failure, systolic is a type of heart failure in which the heart's lower chambers, the ventricles, are not able to contract with enough force to pump an adequate amount of blood throughout the body. This means that the heart cannot effectively pump oxygenated blood to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body.
Systolic heart failure is often caused by damage to the heart muscle, such as from a heart attack or long-standing high blood pressure. Over time, this damage can weaken the heart muscle and make it harder for the ventricles to contract with enough force to pump blood efficiently.
Treatment for systolic heart failure typically involves medications to help improve heart function, reduce symptoms, and prevent further damage to the heart. Lifestyle changes, such as following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and quitting smoking, can also help manage this condition. In some cases, more advanced treatments such as implantable devices or heart transplantation may be necessary.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
The chordae tendineae are cord-like tendons that attach the heart's papillary muscles to the tricuspid and mitral valves in the heart. They play a crucial role in preventing the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. The chordae tendineae ensure that the cusps of the atrioventricular valves close properly and maintain their shape during the cardiac cycle. Damage to these tendons can result in heart conditions such as mitral or tricuspid valve regurgitation.
The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is a two-leaflet valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart. Its function is to ensure unidirectional flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. The mitral valve consists of two leaflets (anterior and posterior), the chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and the left atrial and ventricular myocardium. Dysfunction of the mitral valve can lead to various heart conditions such as mitral regurgitation or mitral stenosis.
The tricuspid valve is the heart valve that separates the right atrium and the right ventricle in the human heart. It is called "tricuspid" because it has three leaflets or cusps, which are also referred to as flaps or segments. These cusps are named anterior, posterior, and septal. The tricuspid valve's function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium during systole, ensuring unidirectional flow of blood through the heart.
Systolic heart murmur
Aortic stenosis
John Parsons Shillingford
Functional murmur
Diabetic cardiomyopathy
Heart murmur
Heart valve
Valvular heart disease
John Brereton Barlow
Levine scale
Heart click
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve
Outline of cardiology
Heart
Alden S. Gooch
Palpitations
Continuous murmurs
Ebstein's anomaly
Right ventricular hypertrophy
List of dog diseases
Isometric exercise device
Isometric exercise
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries
Nikolai Korotkov
Chest pain
Aortopulmonary window
Computer-aided auscultation
Gallavardin phenomenon
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Types of murmurs2
- These types of murmurs are called innocent murmurs. (medlineplus.gov)
- This video presents the mechanics of the murmur generation and the types of murmurs. (drbeen.com)
Pulmonary4
- the cessation of the murmur and the S2 interval is the aortic or pulmonary hangout time. (wikipedia.org)
- Causes of midsystolic ejection murmurs include outflow obstruction, increased flow through normal semilunar valves, dilation of aortic root or pulmonary trunk, or structural changes in the semilunar valves without obstruction. (wikipedia.org)
- Systolic murmurs Ejection systolic murmurs are caused by increased stroke volume (flow murmur), or stenosis of the aortic or pulmonary valve. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
- Typical clinical features of cardiovascular disease in pregnancy include distended neck veins, diastolic murmurs, moist basilar pulmonary crackles, cardiac enlargement (discernible on percussion or as a cardiac shadow on a chest X-ray), and cardiac arrhythmias (other than sinus or paroxysmal atrial tachycardia). (health-care-clinic.org)
Flow murmur1
- This used to be called a "flow murmur of pregnancy" and Kimmicoobug did a nice job of explaining the cause of it. (allnurses.com)
Crescendo-decrescendo1
- The resultant configuration of this murmur is a crescendo-decrescendo murmur. (wikipedia.org)
Holosystolic murmur4
- The usual murmur of mitral regurgitation is defined by the patient at the apex with the left side of the decubitus as a high-pitched holosystolic murmur. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
- On exam, he had blowing, decrescendo, grade II/VI diastolic murmur heard best in the third left intercostal space, and grade III/VI holosystolic murmur on the left sternal border. (hindawi.com)
- [8] The first heart sound is followed by a high-pitched holosystolic murmur at the apex, radiating to the back or clavicular area. (mdwiki.org)
- Patients with mitral valve prolapse may have a holosystolic murmur or often a mid-to-late systolic click and a late systolic murmur. (mdwiki.org)
Systole3
- Systolic heart murmurs are heart murmurs heard during systole, i.e. they begin and end between S1 and S2. (wikipedia.org)
- systolic heart murmurs are the heart murmurs heard during systole. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
- There is also a loud murmuring in the systole early. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
Shortness of bre1
- Heart failure symptoms (ie, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, dyspnea on exertion, and shortness of breath) may be due to systolic dysfunction from afterload mismatch, ischemia, or a separate cardiomyopathic process. (medscape.com)
Apex2
- Physical examination was notable for a 2/6 systolic murmur at the apex. (bmj.com)
- Physical examination revealed an irregular pulse and a systolic murmur at the heart apex. (ama-assn.org)
Dysfunction4
- Pulsus alternans can occur in the presence of LV systolic dysfunction. (medscape.com)
- Although dilated cardiomyopathy has been reported, 5 11 systolic myocardial dysfunction appears to be less prominent than in other forms of muscular dystrophy. (bmj.com)
- 3 It is now well recognised that diastolic cardiac dysfunction (abnormalities of myocardial relaxation) may occur either in isolation from 16 or in association with 17 18 systolic dysfunction. (bmj.com)
- Indeed, diastolic abnormalities might even precede the development of systolic dysfunction in a number of progressive conditions. (bmj.com)
Ejection murmurs2
- Mid-systolic ejection murmurs are due to blood flow through the semilunar valves. (wikipedia.org)
- Systolic murmurs include ejection murmurs and regurgitant murmurs. (nih.gov)
Diagnosis2
- A differential diagnosis of your symptoms and risk factors finds the likely cause of heart murmur. (diagnose-me.com)
- 1. Incidental IVC tumor thrombus found on echocardiographic work-up for systolic murmur leading to new diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Exam3
- On admission, his physical exam was notable for a II/VI systolic ejection murmur, not previously documented. (hindawi.com)
- Given the murmur on exam and ongoing bacteremia, the patient underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) for further evaluation. (hindawi.com)
- His cardiac exam is notable for a soft S4 and 2/6 systolic ejection murmur at the base. (acc.org)
EXAMINATION5
- Physical examination is unremarkable except for a Grade 1 harsh mid-systolic murmur. (medscape.com)
- Look for typical systolic murmur on examination. (logicalimages.com)
- Clinical examination also revealed gallop rhythm and a short systolic murmur (haemic) on the left sternal border. (who.int)
- Physical examination of the infant is negative for cardiac murmurs and abnormalities on lung auscultation. (cdc.gov)
- A complete examination, including precordial palpation, auscultation of the two heart sounds and listening for systolic and diastolic murmurs, can determine patients who require referral or can be followed by the. (aafp.org)
Ventricular1
- Intra-ventricular cardiac murmurs. (nih.gov)
Symptoms6
- What are the symptoms of heart murmurs in a child? (uhhospitals.org)
- Children with innocent murmurs have no other symptoms except the abnormal heart sounds. (uhhospitals.org)
- A child with a pathologic heart murmur may have 1 or more of the following symptoms. (uhhospitals.org)
- The symptoms of heart murmur can be like other health conditions. (uhhospitals.org)
- Heart murmur can have various causes, just like most other symptoms. (diagnose-me.com)
- it all depends on what is the timing, how loud, systolic or diastolic, and are there other symptoms that the MD is concerned about? (allnurses.com)
Innocent5
- This systolic murmur category will help you to learn about systolic murmurs including an innocent murmur, aortic sclerosis, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
- Innocent heart murmurs are harmless blood noises, which usually flow in the inner chambers of the heart. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
- Innocent murmurs do not need treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- Many heart murmurs are harmless (innocent). (uhhospitals.org)
- It is labeled as an "innocent" murmur because there is no pathological reason or effect to (or from) it. (allnurses.com)
Loud3
- Murmurs are classified ("graded") depending on how loud the murmur sounds with a stethoscope. (medlineplus.gov)
- Murmurs are graded on a scale of 1 to 6, based on how loud they are. (uhhospitals.org)
- Six means a murmur that's very loud. (uhhospitals.org)
Auscultation2
- On auscultation, the diamond-shaped systolic murmur is heard. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
- On auscultation, the heart sounds were arrhythmic, with an increased second cardiac sound, systolic murmur III/VI in mitral focus and systolic murmur IV/VI in tricuspid focus. (scirp.org)
Stethoscope2
- If the healthcare provider hears a heart murmur when listening to your child's chest with a stethoscope, they may refer you to a pediatric cardiologist for more tests. (uhhospitals.org)
- You detect occasional coarse breath sounds by stethoscope, but no murmur. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Presystolic1
- The presystolic murmur, falsely so-called. (nih.gov)
Occur3
- Does the murmur occur when the heart is resting or contracting? (medlineplus.gov)
- The heart murmur seen in carcinoid syndrome is thought to occur secondary to high serotonin levels affecting the tricuspid valve and causing significant valvular insufficiency. (diagnose-me.com)
- and continuous and to-and-fro murmurs occur throughout all or most of the cardiac cycle. (starbreeder.org)
Detectable1
- Eventually, significant valvular distortion leads to detectable murmurs of valvular insufficiency and some dogs will develop heart failure. (vin.com)
Abnormal heart sounds1
- Have other family members had murmurs or other abnormal heart sounds? (medlineplus.gov)
Hypertension2
- Systolic hypertension can coexist with aortic stenosis. (medscape.com)
- An additional problem is that the patient has hypertension with systolic blood pressures (SBPs) in the 150-155 mm Hg range, based on home and clinic readings, despite a low-sodium diet and moderate exercise. (acc.org)
Aortic valve1
- Combined with normal carotid upstrokes and a normal S2, the murmur is most consistent with aortic valve sclerosis. (acc.org)
Functional1
- Functional and organic heart murmurs in infancy and in childhood. (nih.gov)
Heart Sounds2
- In some cases, S3 heart sounds may indicate a diastolic murmur. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- 1. Difference between heart sounds and murmurs. (drbeen.com)
Echocardiography1
- Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed for the concern of diastolic murmur and pericarditis. (hindawi.com)
Grade6
- An example of a murmur description is a "grade II/VI murmur. (medlineplus.gov)
- This means the murmur is grade 2 on a scale of 1 to 6). (medlineplus.gov)
- This is called a "thrill" and means the murmur is grade 4 or higher. (medlineplus.gov)
- This time, you hear a soft grade I/IV systolic murmur. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
- A diastolic murmur, cardiac enlargement, a systolic murmur of grade III/IV intensity, and severe arrhythmia suggest cardiovascular disease. (health-care-clinic.org)
- The examining emergency physician now notes a grade II/VI systolic murmur and central cyanosis, which has not improved despite administration of 100% oxygen for nearly 1 hour. (cdc.gov)
Unusual2
- Heart murmurs are extra or unusual sounds made by turbulent blood flowing through the heart. (uhhospitals.org)
- Heart murmurs are not unusual in pregnancy due to the increased blood volume. (allnurses.com)
Stenosis1
- However, a systolic blood pressure higher than 200 mmHg is rare in patients with critical aortic stenosis. (medscape.com)
Sound heard during a he1
- A heart murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat. (medlineplus.gov)
Blood4
- Heart murmurs are extra or abnormal sounds made by turbulent blood flowing through the heart. (uhhospitals.org)
- A systolic heart murmur was also noted, and blood tests confirmed that Ms D had bacterial endocarditis. (leighday.co.uk)
- A woman who has a history of heart disease, heart murmur, rheumatic fever or high blood pressure should talk with her healthcare provider before she decides to become pregnant. (health-care-clinic.org)
- Murmurs are extra heart vibrations that are produced as a result of a disturbance in the blood flow -- enough, in fact, to produce audible noise. (starbreeder.org)
Heartbeat1
- In addition, a murmur is described by the stage of the heartbeat when the murmur is heard. (medlineplus.gov)
Heard2
- Where is the murmur heard the loudest? (medlineplus.gov)
- A II/VI systolic murmur is heard. (emra.org)
Left1
- Late systolic murmurs start after S1 and, if left sided, extend up to S2, usually in a crescendo manner. (wikipedia.org)
Physical1
- Had a physical today and was told she had a I-II/VI systolic heart murmur. (allnurses.com)
Relaxes1
- A heart murmur that occurs when the heart relaxes. (uhhospitals.org)
Continuous1
- Continuous murmur. (uhhospitals.org)