The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.
A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.
Inorganic compounds that contain TECHNETIUM as an integral part of the molecule. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) is an isotope of technetium that has a half-life of about 6 hours. Technetium 99, which has a half-life of 210,000 years, is a decay product of technetium 99m.
Organic compounds that contain technetium as an integral part of the molecule. These compounds are often used as radionuclide imaging agents.
A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.
A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.
A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.
A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.
A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in cardiovascular and cerebral circulation.
A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.
The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.
A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.
Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)
A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.
Compounds that contain the radical R2C=N.OH derived from condensation of ALDEHYDES or KETONES with HYDROXYLAMINE. Members of this group are CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS.
Pathologic inclusions occurring in erythrocytes.
Poly or pyrophosphates of tin. In conjunction with radioactive technetium these compounds are used as bone-scanning agents and in scintigraphy to diagnose myocardial and cerebral infarction.
A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans.
Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.
Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity.
Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule.
Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.
A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING for the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans.
A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.
Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.
A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.
'Sugar acids' are organic compounds derived from sugars through various processes, characterized by the presence of both a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) in their molecular structure, often found in food sources like fruits and used in industries such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic.
Inorganic or organic compounds derived from phosphine (PH3) by the replacement of H atoms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)
A radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in scintigraphy or tomography of the heart to evaluate the extent of the necrotic myocardial process. It has also been used in noninvasive tests for the distribution of organ involvement in different types of amyloidosis and for the evaluation of muscle necrosis in the extremities.
Rhenium. A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.2, symbol Re. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Use of radiolabeled antibodies for diagnostic imaging of neoplasms. Antitumor antibodies are labeled with diverse radionuclides including iodine-131, iodine-123, indium-111, or technetium-99m and injected into the patient. Images are obtained by a scintillation camera.
Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.
Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.
A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A diagnostic procedure used to determine whether LYMPHATIC METASTASIS has occurred. The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node to receive drainage from a neoplasm.
The evacuation of food from the stomach into the duodenum.
Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination.
Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

99mTc-labeled vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor agonist: functional studies. (1/1995)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide with a wide range of biological activities. Recent reports suggest that VIP receptors are expressed on a variety of malignant tumor cells and that the receptor density is higher than for somatostatin. Our aims were to label VIP with 99mTc--a generator-produced, inexpensive radionuclide that possesses ideal characteristics for scintigraphic imaging--and to evaluate 99mTc-VIP for bioactivity and its ability to detect experimental tumors. METHODS: VIP28 was modified at the carboxy terminus by the addition of four amino acids that provided an N4 configuration for a strong chelation of 99mTc. To eliminate steric hindrance, 4-aminobutyric acid (Aba) was used as a spacer. VIP28 was labeled with 1251, which served as a control. Biological activity of the modified VIP28 agonist (TP3654) was examined in vitro using a cell-binding assay and an opossum internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle relaxivity assay. Tissue distribution studies were performed at 4 and 24 h after injection, and receptor-blocking assays were also performed in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer LS174T. Blood clearance was examined in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: The yield of 99mTc-TP3654 was quantitative, and the yields of 125I-VIP and 1251-TP3654 were >90%. All in vitro data strongly suggested that the biological activity of 99mTc-TP3654 agonist was equivalent to that of VIP28. As the time after injection increased, radioactivity in all tissues decreased, except in the receptor-enriched tumor (P = 0.84) and in the lungs (P = 0.78). The tumor uptake (0.23 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g]) was several-fold higher than 125I-VIP (0.06 %ID/g) at 24 h after injection in the similar system. In mice treated with unlabeled VIP or TP3654, the uptake of 99mTc-TP3654 decreased in all VIP receptor-rich tissues except the kidneys. The blood clearance was biphasic; the alpha half-time was 5 min and the beta half-time was approximately 120 min. CONCLUSION: VIP28 was modified and successfully labeled with 99mTc. The results of all in vitro examinations indicated that the biological activity of TP3654 was equivalent to that of native VIP28 and tumor binding was receptor specific.  (+info)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary dissection in breast cancer: results in a large series. (2/1995)

BACKGROUND: Axillary lymph node dissection is an established component of the surgical treatment of breast cancer, and is an important procedure in cancer staging; however, it is associated with unpleasant side effects. We have investigated a radioactive tracer-guided procedure that facilitates identification, removal, and pathologic examination of the sentinel lymph node (i.e., the lymph node first receiving lymphatic fluid from the area of the breast containing the tumor) to predict the status of the axilla and to assess the safety of foregoing axillary dissection if the sentinel lymph node shows no involvement. METHODS: We injected 5-10 MBq of 99mTc-labeled colloidal particles of human albumin peritumorally in 376 consecutive patients with breast cancer who were enrolled at the European Institute of Oncology during the period from March 1996 through March 1998. The sentinel lymph node in each case was visualized by lymphoscintigraphy, and its general location was marked on the overlying skin. During breast surgery, the sentinel lymph node was identified for removal by monitoring the acoustic signal from a hand-held gamma ray-detecting probe. Total axillary dissection was then carried out. The pathologic status of the sentinel lymph node was compared with that of the whole axilla. RESULTS: The sentinel lymph node was identified in 371 (98.7%) of the 376 patients and accurately predicted the state of the axilla in 359 (95.5%) of the patients, with 12 false-negative findings (6.7%; 95% confidence interval = 3.5%-11.4%) among a total of 180 patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy using a gamma ray-detecting probe allows staging of the axilla with high accuracy in patients with primary breast cancer. A randomized trial is necessary to determine whether axillary dissection may be avoided in those patients with an uninvolved sentinel lymph node.  (+info)

Bone marrow scintigraphy using technetium-99m antigranulocyte antibody in malignant lymphomas. (3/1995)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical reliability of immunoscintigraphy (IS) to detect infiltration of the bone marrow in patients with malignant lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Whole body IS was performed in 103 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using Tc-99m labelled anti-NCA-95 which allows visualization of the granulopoietic bone marrow. Of these, 52% were studied prior to any therapy. Findings were compared to posterior iliac crest biopsy as well as MRI and/or follow-up examination. Criteria of marrow infiltration were a positive biopsy, positive follow-up, or positive results of MRI. RESULTS: Comparison of IS and biospy revealed concordant findings in 69 and discordant findings in 34 of 103 patients. Of the 34 patients with discordant results, IS showed lesions suspicious of bone marrow infiltration in 29 patients despite normal biopsy findings. When follow-up and additional examinations were taken into consideration, 10 patients remained with probably false positive and five with false negative IS findings. IS proved to be highly sensitive and specific in patients with HD (100% and 84%, respectively) and high-grade NHL (93% and 84%, respectively). Moderate sensitivity (60%) was found in low-grade NHL. This was possibly due to false negative IS in three to five patients with chemotherapy in contrast to one of five false negative results in patients without chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow scintigraphy using antigranulocyte antibodies is highly sensitive in HD and high-grade NHL. Positive findings in IS subsequent to a negative biopsy should be followed by guided re-biopsy or MRI.  (+info)

Determination of intrapenial blood volume using 99mTc-labeled autologous red blood cells. (4/1995)

In 17 impotent patients, radioisotope penography was performed using 99mTc-red blood cells (the patient's own red blood cells labeled with 99mTc) for the quantitative analysis of intrapenial blood volume. A visual sexual stimulation (VSS) was given to the patient after injecting the 99mTc-red blood cells. Patients showing a complete erection had their intrapenial blood volumes 4.2-11.2 times greater than before VSS (mean increase, 8.0 times). In cases of incomplete erection after VSS the intrapenial blood volumes were 3.3-7.0 times greater than before VSS (mean increase, 4.9 times). In cases showing a gentle rise in their penogram curves without evidence of an erection, intrapenial blood volumes after VSS were 2.0-3.3 times those before VSS (mean increaae, 2.9 times). By contrast, in cases showing no response to the VSS or no rise in penogram curve, post-VSS increases in intrapenial pool of blood were very slight, slight, only 1.4-1.7 times the original volume of blood.  (+info)

Specific targeting of activated endothelium in rat adjuvant arthritis with a 99mTc-radiolabeled E-selectin-binding peptide. (5/1995)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential of an E-selectin-binding peptide (ESbp) to specifically bind activated endothelium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models. METHODS: ESbp (KYDGDITWDQLWDLMK; 2,027 daltons) was labeled with biotin and 99mTc. The affinity of ESbp derivatives for E-selectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding of biotin-ESbp was compared with that of an anti-E-selectin antibody, by immunohistochemical analyses of human synovial sections and sections from the Mycoplasma pulmonis MRL-lpr/lpr mouse arthritis model. 99mTc-ESbp was sequentially imaged in vivo with a gamma camera in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. RESULTS: E-selectin expression was detected in human RA synovium and mouse arthritic synovium using biotin-ESbp. Both biotin-ESbp and 99mTc-labeled ESbp had high affinity for E-selectin (dissociation constant 2-5 nM). In vivo imaging showed specific binding of 99mTc-ESbp to the rat ankle joint prior to clinical manifestations of inflammation. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that activated endothelium can be targeted with 99mTc-ESbp. The specificity of targeting can be used to evaluate up-regulation of E-selectin in RA models, and to follow changes in this up-regulation during treatment trials.  (+info)

Washing plastic spacers in household detergent reduces electrostatic charge and greatly improves delivery. (6/1995)

Ionic detergents reduce electrostatic charge on plastic spacers, thereby improving in vitro drug delivery. The aim of this study was to gain practical information on the use of detergents and to evaluate the relevance of this information on in vivo drug deposition. Measurement of electrostatic charge and salbutamol particle size distribution was carried out on detergent-coated and noncoated plastic spacers. The efficiency of four household detergents was compared, and the influence of dilution and the duration of the antistatic effect were studied. In addition, the level of radiolabelled salbutamol deposition in the lungs of eight healthy adults was compared after inhalation through a new versus a detergent-coated spacer. In vitro, all tested detergents reduced the electrostatic charge on the spacer surface. This resulted in a mean increase of 37.4% (range 33.5-41.2) in small particle (<6.8 microm) salbutamol output compared with water-rinsed/drip-dried spacers. Dilution had no influence on the results and the effect lasted for at least four weeks. In vivo, the mean lung deposition of radiolabelled salbutamol in healthy subjects was 45.6% (range 43.4-49.5) through a detergent-coated spacer compared to 11.5% (range 7.6-17.9) through a static spacer (p<0.001). In conclusion, household detergents offer a simple and practical solution to the problem of static on plastic spacers and significantly improve both in vitro and in vivo delivery of salbutamol.  (+info)

Optimization of a new scintillation gas detector used to localize electrons emitted by 99mTc. (7/1995)

We have developed a scintillation gas detector to localize electrons emitted by 99mTc. This type of detector allows direct quantification of images and so provides a clear advantage over autoradiographic film. We have optimized the device to give an image spatial resolution that closely approximates that of typical autoradiographic film. To improve this resolution, it was necessary to select only low-energy electrons (2 and 15 keV) and to devise novel detection and localization techniques for the ionizing particles. METHODS: A parallel-plate proportional avalanche chamber is subject to a uniform electrical field and amplifies the number of released electrons through collisions of ionizing particles in the gas mixture. Light emitted by the gas scintillator during the avalanche process is collected by a highly intensified charge coupled device camera. The centroid of each resulting light distribution is calculated, resulting in a quantitative mapping of the sample's activity. Insertion of the sample within the gas volume improves the efficiency and so provides a method that is both very sensitive and linear. RESULTS: We have shown that in a parallel-plate structure, the application of a high electrical field to the surface of the sample and the selection of appropriate light spots, according to their morphology, can overcome localization errors due to the particles' trajectories. We have obtained a resolution of the order of 30 microm, using electrons from 99mTc. CONCLUSION: This detection technique allows considerable improvement in image resolution. This "electron camera" is a serious rival to existing autoradiographic techniques, because it provides certain other advantages, including direct quantification, linearity, high dynamic range and low noise levels. Thus, new perspectives are made available in quantitative double tracer autoradiography, because electrons can be selected for imaging as a function of their energy.  (+info)

Reduction of technetium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: biocatalyst characterization and use in a flowthrough bioreactor. (8/1995)

Resting cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans coupled the oxidation of a range of electron donors to Tc(VII) reduction. The reduced technetium was precipitated as an insoluble low-valence oxide. The optimum electron donor for the biotransformation was hydrogen, although rapid rates of reduction were also supported when formate or pyruvate was supplied to the cells. Technetium reduction was less efficient when the growth substrates lactate and ethanol were supplied as electron donors, while glycerol, succinate, acetate, and methanol supported negligible reduction. Enzyme activity was stable for several weeks and was insensitive to oxygen. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the radionuclide was precipitated at the periphery of the cell. Cells poisoned with Cu(II), which is selective for periplasmic but not cytoplasmic hydrogenases, were unable to reduce Tc(VII), a result consistent with the involvement of a periplasmic hydrogenase in Tc(VII) reduction. Resting cells, immobilized in a flowthrough membrane bioreactor and supplied with Tc(VII)-supplemented solution, accumulated substantial quantities of the radionuclide when formate was supplied as the electron donor, indicating the potential of this organism as a biocatalyst to treat Tc-contaminated wastewaters.  (+info)

Technetium is not a medical term itself, but it is a chemical element with the symbol Tc and atomic number 43. However, in the field of nuclear medicine, which is a branch of medicine that uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose or treat diseases, Technetium-99m (a radioisotope of technetium) is commonly used for various diagnostic procedures.

Technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99, and it emits gamma rays that can be detected outside the body to create images of internal organs or tissues. It has a short half-life of about 6 hours, which makes it ideal for diagnostic imaging since it decays quickly and reduces the patient's exposure to radiation.

Technetium-99m is used in a variety of medical procedures, such as bone scans, lung scans, heart scans, liver-spleen scans, brain scans, and kidney scans, among others. It can be attached to different pharmaceuticals or molecules that target specific organs or tissues, allowing healthcare professionals to assess their function or identify any abnormalities.

Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid is a radioactive tracer used in medical imaging procedures, specifically in nuclear medicine. It is composed of tiny particles of sulfur colloid that are labeled with the radioisotope Technetium-99m. This compound is typically injected into the patient's body, where it accumulates in certain organs or tissues, depending on the specific medical test being conducted.

The radioactive emissions from Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid are then detected by a gamma camera, which produces images that can help doctors diagnose various medical conditions, such as liver disease, inflammation, or tumors. The half-life of Technetium-99m is approximately six hours, which means that its radioactivity decreases rapidly and is eliminated from the body within a few days.

Technetium compounds refer to chemical substances that contain the radioactive technetium (Tc) element. Technetium is a naturally rare element and does not have any stable isotopes, making it only exist in trace amounts in the Earth's crust. However, it can be produced artificially in nuclear reactors.

Technetium compounds are widely used in medical imaging as radioactive tracers in diagnostic procedures. The most common technetium compound is Technetium-99m (Tc-99m), which has a half-life of 6 hours and emits gamma rays that can be detected by external cameras. Tc-99m is often bound to various pharmaceuticals, such as methylene diphosphonate (MDP) or human serum albumin (HSA), to target specific organs or tissues in the body.

Technetium compounds are used in a variety of diagnostic procedures, including bone scans, lung perfusion scans, myocardial perfusion imaging, and brain scans. They provide valuable information about organ function, blood flow, and tissue metabolism, helping doctors diagnose various medical conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and bone fractures.

It is important to note that technetium compounds should only be used under the supervision of trained medical professionals due to their radioactive nature. Proper handling, administration, and disposal procedures must be followed to ensure safety and minimize radiation exposure.

Organotechnetium compounds are chemical substances that contain carbon-technetium bonds, where technetium is an element with the symbol Tc and atomic number 43. These types of compounds are primarily used in medical imaging as radioactive tracers due to the ability of technetium-99m to emit gamma rays. The organotechnetium compounds help in localizing specific organs, tissues, or functions within the body, making them useful for diagnostic purposes in nuclear medicine.

It is important to note that most organotechnetium compounds are synthesized from technetium-99m, which is generated from the decay of molybdenum-99. The use of these compounds requires proper handling and administration by trained medical professionals due to their radioactive nature.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tin" does not have a medical definition. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a malleable, ductile, silvery-white post-transition metal. It is found in nature mainly as tin oxides and is obtained from the mineral cassiterite through mining and processing.

Tin has no known biological role in humans, animals, or plants, and it is not considered an essential nutrient. Small amounts of tin can be found in some foods and drinking water, but these levels are generally low and not considered harmful. High levels of tin can be toxic to the human body, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

If you have any questions about a medical condition or treatment, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional for accurate information and guidance.

Technetium Tc 99m Medronate is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine for bone scintigraphy. It is a technetium-labeled bisphosphonate compound, which accumulates in areas of increased bone turnover and metabolism. This makes it useful for detecting and evaluating various bone diseases and conditions, such as fractures, tumors, infections, and arthritis.

The "Tc 99m" refers to the radioisotope technetium-99m, which has a half-life of approximately 6 hours and emits gamma rays that can be detected by a gamma camera. The medronate component is a bisphosphonate molecule that binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone tissue, allowing the radiolabeled compound to accumulate in areas of active bone remodeling.

Overall, Technetium Tc 99m Medronate is an important tool in nuclear medicine for diagnosing and managing various musculoskeletal disorders.

Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi is a radiopharmaceutical compound used in medical imaging, specifically in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. It is a technetium-labeled isonitrile chelate that is taken up by mitochondria in cells with high metabolic activity, such as cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells).

Once injected into the patient's body, Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi emits gamma rays, which can be detected by a gamma camera. This allows for the creation of images that reflect the distribution and function of the radiopharmaceutical within the heart muscle. The images can help identify areas of reduced blood flow or ischemia, which may indicate coronary artery disease.

The uptake of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi in other organs, such as the breast and thyroid, can also be used for imaging purposes, although its primary use remains in cardiac imaging.

Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging procedures. The compound consists of the radioisotope Technetium-99m (^99m^Tc) bonded to Exametazime, also known as HMPAO (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime).

Once injected into the patient's bloodstream, Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime distributes evenly throughout the brain, crossing the blood-brain barrier and entering cells. The radioactive decay of Technetium-99m emits gamma rays that can be detected by a gamma camera, creating images of the brain's blood flow and distribution of the tracer.

This imaging technique is often used in cerebral perfusion studies to assess conditions such as stroke, epilepsy, or dementia, providing valuable information about regional cerebral blood flow and potential areas of injury or abnormality.

Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin is a radiopharmaceutical preparation used in diagnostic imaging. It consists of radioactive technetium-99m (^99m^Tc) chemically bonded to human serum albumin, which has been aggregated to increase its size and alter its clearance from the body.

The resulting compound is injected into the patient's bloodstream, where it accumulates in the reticuloendothelial system (RES), including the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. The radioactive emission of technetium-99m can then be detected by a gamma camera, producing images that reflect the distribution and function of the RES.

This imaging technique is used to diagnose and monitor various conditions, such as liver disease, inflammation, or tumors. It provides valuable information about the patient's health status and helps guide medical decision-making.

Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate is a radioactive pharmaceutical preparation used as a radiopharmaceutical agent in medical imaging. It is a salt of technetium-99m, a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99, which emits gamma rays and has a half-life of 6 hours.

Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate is used in various diagnostic procedures, including renal imaging, brain scans, lung perfusion studies, and bone scans. It is distributed throughout the body after intravenous injection and is excreted primarily by the kidneys, making it useful for evaluating renal function and detecting abnormalities in the urinary tract.

The compound itself is a colorless, sterile, pyrogen-free solution that is typically supplied in a lead shielded container to protect against radiation exposure. It should be used promptly after preparation and handled with care to minimize radiation exposure to healthcare workers and patients.

Radionuclide imaging, also known as nuclear medicine, is a medical imaging technique that uses small amounts of radioactive material, called radionuclides or radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat various diseases and conditions. The radionuclides are introduced into the body through injection, inhalation, or ingestion and accumulate in specific organs or tissues. A special camera then detects the gamma rays emitted by these radionuclides and converts them into images that provide information about the structure and function of the organ or tissue being studied.

Radionuclide imaging can be used to evaluate a wide range of medical conditions, including heart disease, cancer, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and bone diseases. The technique is non-invasive and generally safe, with minimal exposure to radiation. However, it should only be performed by qualified healthcare professionals in accordance with established guidelines and regulations.

Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m is a radioactive pharmaceutical preparation used in medical diagnostic imaging. It is a technetium-99m radiopharmaceutical, where technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99, which emits gamma rays and has a half-life of 6 hours. Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m is used as a contrast agent in various diagnostic procedures, such as imaging of the thyroid, salivary glands, or the brain, to evaluate conditions like inflammation, tumors, or abnormalities in blood flow. It is typically administered intravenously, and its short half-life ensures that the radiation exposure is limited.

Radiopharmaceuticals are defined as pharmaceutical preparations that contain radioactive isotopes and are used for diagnosis or therapy in nuclear medicine. These compounds are designed to interact specifically with certain biological targets, such as cells, tissues, or organs, and emit radiation that can be detected and measured to provide diagnostic information or used to destroy abnormal cells or tissue in therapeutic applications.

The radioactive isotopes used in radiopharmaceuticals have carefully controlled half-lives, which determine how long they remain radioactive and how long the pharmaceutical preparation remains effective. The choice of radioisotope depends on the intended use of the radiopharmaceutical, as well as factors such as its energy, range of emission, and chemical properties.

Radiopharmaceuticals are used in a wide range of medical applications, including imaging, cancer therapy, and treatment of other diseases and conditions. Examples of radiopharmaceuticals include technetium-99m for imaging the heart, lungs, and bones; iodine-131 for treating thyroid cancer; and samarium-153 for palliative treatment of bone metastases.

The use of radiopharmaceuticals requires specialized training and expertise in nuclear medicine, as well as strict adherence to safety protocols to minimize radiation exposure to patients and healthcare workers.

Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging procedures. The compound is made up of the radioisotope Technetium-99m, which emits gamma rays that can be detected by a gamma camera, and dimercaptosuccinic acid, which binds to certain types of metal ions in the body.

In medical imaging, Technetium Tc 99m DMSA is typically used to visualize the kidneys and detect any abnormalities such as inflammation, infection, or tumors. The compound is taken up by the renal tubules in the kidneys, allowing for detailed images of the kidney structure and function to be obtained.

It's important to note that the use of Technetium Tc 99m DMSA should be under the supervision of a trained medical professional, as with any radiopharmaceutical agent, due to the radiation exposure involved in its use.

Oximes are a class of chemical compounds that contain the functional group =N-O-, where two organic groups are attached to the nitrogen atom. In a clinical context, oximes are used as antidotes for nerve agent and pesticide poisoning. The most commonly used oxime in medicine is pralidoxime (2-PAM), which is used to reactivate acetylcholinesterase that has been inhibited by organophosphorus compounds, such as nerve agents and certain pesticides. These compounds work by forming a bond with the phosphoryl group of the inhibited enzyme, allowing for its reactivation and restoration of normal neuromuscular function.

Erythrocyte inclusions refer to the presence of abnormal structures or substances within red blood cells (erythrocytes). These inclusions can be composed of various materials such as proteins, pigments, or foreign bodies. They may be seen in a variety of medical conditions and can provide important diagnostic clues.

Some examples of erythrocyte inclusions include:

1. Howell-Jolly bodies: small remnants of nuclear material left behind after the red blood cell matures. They are typically seen in individuals with an absent or nonfunctional spleen.
2. Heinz bodies: denatured hemoglobin that forms clumps within the red blood cells. They can be seen in conditions such as hemolytic anemia, G6PD deficiency, and exposure to certain drugs or toxins.
3. Pappenheimer bodies: aggregates of iron-containing proteins called ferritin or hemosiderin. They are typically seen in conditions associated with increased red blood cell destruction, such as thalassemia or lead poisoning.
4. Basophilic stippling: small, basophilic (blue-staining) granules within the red blood cells. They can be seen in various conditions, including lead poisoning, megaloblastic anemias, and certain inherited disorders.
5. Parasites: organisms such as malaria or babesia that infect and multiply within the red blood cells.

The detection of erythrocyte inclusions typically requires specialized testing, such as peripheral blood smears stained with specific dyes to highlight the abnormal structures. The presence and type of inclusions can help diagnose certain medical conditions and guide appropriate treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tin Polyphosphates" is not a recognized medical term or concept. It appears to be a chemical compound, specifically a polyphosphate complex of tin. Polyphosphates are chains of phosphate groups, and in this case, they are bound to a tin (Sn) atom.

Tin polyphosphates may have various industrial applications, such as flame retardants or corrosion inhibitors, but they do not have a specific relevance to medical definition. If you have any questions about the chemical properties or uses of tin polyphosphates in a non-medical context, I would recommend consulting a chemistry or materials science resource.

Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid (Tc 99m DTPA) is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in medical imaging. It is a technetium-labeled compound, where the radioisotope technetium-99m is bound to diethyl-iminodiacetic acid (DTPA). This complex is used as a renal agent for performing nuclear medicine imaging studies to assess kidney function and structure.

Technetium-99m is a metastable isotope of technetium that emits gamma rays, making it suitable for medical imaging. When Tc 99m DTPA is injected into the patient's body, it is excreted primarily by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. The gamma rays emitted by technetium-99m are detected by a gamma camera, which generates images of the distribution and excretion of the radiopharmaceutical within the kidneys. This information helps physicians evaluate kidney function, detect abnormalities such as obstructions or tumors, and monitor the effectiveness of treatments.

It is essential to handle and administer Tc 99m DTPA with care due to its radioactive nature, following proper safety guidelines and regulations to ensure patient and staff safety.

Diphosphates, also known as pyrophosphates, are chemical compounds that contain two phosphate groups joined together by an oxygen atom. The general formula for a diphosphate is P~PO3~2-, where ~ represents a bond. Diphosphates play important roles in various biological processes, such as energy metabolism and cell signaling. In the context of nutrition, diphosphates can be found in some foods, including milk and certain vegetables.

Radioactive soil pollutants refer to radioactive substances that contaminate and negatively impact the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soil. These pollutants can arise from various sources such as nuclear accidents, industrial activities, agricultural practices, and military testing. They include radionuclides such as uranium, plutonium, cesium-137, and strontium-90, among others.

Exposure to radioactive soil pollutants can have serious health consequences for humans and other living organisms. Direct contact with contaminated soil can result in radiation exposure, while ingestion or inhalation of contaminated soil particles can lead to internal radiation exposure. This can increase the risk of cancer, genetic mutations, and other health problems.

Radioactive soil pollutants can also have negative impacts on the environment, such as reducing soil fertility, disrupting ecosystems, and contaminating water sources. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and regulate radioactive soil pollution to protect human health and the environment.

Tin compounds refer to chemical substances that contain tin (Sn) combined with one or more other elements. Tin can form various types of compounds, including oxides, sulfides, halides, and organometallic compounds. These compounds have different properties and uses depending on the other element(s) they are combined with.

For example:

* Tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) is a white powder used as an opacifying agent in glass and ceramics, as well as a component in some types of batteries.
* Tin (II) sulfide (SnS) is a black or brown solid used in the manufacture of some types of semiconductors.
* Tin (IV) chloride (SnCl4) is a colorless liquid used as a catalyst in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other plastics.
* Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT), are used as biocides and antifouling agents in marine paints. However, they have been found to be toxic to aquatic life and are being phased out in many countries.

Rosaniline dyes are a type of basic dye that were first synthesized in the late 19th century. They are named after rosaniline, which is a primary chemical used in their production. Rosaniline dyes are characterized by their ability to form complexes with metal ions, which can then bind to proteins and other biological molecules. This property makes them useful as histological stains, which are used to highlight specific structures or features within tissues and cells.

Rosaniline dyes include a range of different chemicals, such as methyl violet, crystal violet, and basic fuchsin. These dyes are often used in combination with other staining techniques to provide contrast and enhance the visibility of specific cellular components. For example, they may be used to stain nuclei, cytoplasm, or other structures within cells, allowing researchers and clinicians to visualize and analyze tissue samples more effectively.

It's worth noting that some rosaniline dyes have been found to have potential health hazards, particularly when used in certain forms or concentrations. Therefore, it's important to follow proper safety protocols when handling these chemicals and to use them only under the guidance of trained professionals.

Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin is a radiopharmaceutical used in nuclear medicine imaging procedures, specifically for hepatobiliary scintigraphy. It is a technetium-labeled compound, where the radioisotope technetium-99m (^99m^Tc) is bound to lidofenin, a liver-imaging agent.

The compound is used to assess the function and anatomy of the liver, gallbladder, and biliary system. After intravenous administration, Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin is taken up by hepatocytes (liver cells) and excreted into the bile ducts and ultimately into the small intestine. The distribution and excretion of this radiopharmaceutical can be monitored using a gamma camera, providing functional information about the liver and biliary system.

It is essential to note that the use of Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin should be under the guidance and supervision of healthcare professionals trained in nuclear medicine, as its administration and handling require specific expertise and safety measures due to the radioactive nature of the compound.

Emission-Computed Tomography, Single-Photon (SPECT) is a type of nuclear medicine imaging procedure that generates detailed, three-dimensional images of the distribution of radioactive pharmaceuticals within the body. It uses gamma rays emitted by a radiopharmaceutical that is introduced into the patient's body, and a specialized gamma camera to detect these gamma rays and create tomographic images. The data obtained from the SPECT imaging can be used to diagnose various medical conditions, evaluate organ function, and guide treatment decisions. It is commonly used to image the heart, brain, and bones, among other organs and systems.

Isotope labeling is a scientific technique used in the field of medicine, particularly in molecular biology, chemistry, and pharmacology. It involves replacing one or more atoms in a molecule with a radioactive or stable isotope of the same element. This modified molecule can then be traced and analyzed to study its structure, function, metabolism, or interaction with other molecules within biological systems.

Radioisotope labeling uses unstable radioactive isotopes that emit radiation, allowing for detection and quantification of the labeled molecule using various imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This approach is particularly useful in tracking the distribution and metabolism of drugs, hormones, or other biomolecules in living organisms.

Stable isotope labeling, on the other hand, employs non-radioactive isotopes that do not emit radiation. These isotopes have different atomic masses compared to their natural counterparts and can be detected using mass spectrometry. Stable isotope labeling is often used in metabolic studies, protein turnover analysis, or for identifying the origin of specific molecules within complex biological samples.

In summary, isotope labeling is a versatile tool in medical research that enables researchers to investigate various aspects of molecular behavior and interactions within biological systems.

Etidronic acid is a type of medication known as a bisphosphonate. It is used to treat conditions such as Paget's disease, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer that have spread to the bones.

Etidronic acid works by inhibiting the activity of cells called osteoclasts, which are responsible for breaking down bone tissue. This helps to slow down the process of bone loss and can increase bone density, making bones stronger and less likely to break.

The medication is available in the form of a solution that is given intravenously (through a vein) in a hospital or clinic setting. It may be given as a single dose or as multiple doses over a period of time, depending on the condition being treated and the individual patient's needs.

As with any medication, etidronic acid can have side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bone pain. It is important for patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits of this medication with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.

Sugar acids are a type of organic acid that are derived from sugars through the process of hydrolysis or oxidation. They have complex structures and can be found in various natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, and honey. In the medical field, sugar acids may be used in the production of pharmaceuticals and other chemical products.

Some common examples of sugar acids include:

* Gluconic acid, which is derived from glucose and has applications in the food industry as a preservative and stabilizer.
* Lactic acid, which is produced by fermentation of carbohydrates and is used in the production of various pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics.
* Citric acid, which is found in citrus fruits and is widely used as a flavoring agent, preservative, and chelating agent in food, beverages, and personal care products.

It's worth noting that while sugar acids have important applications in various industries, they can also contribute to tooth decay and other health problems when consumed in excess. Therefore, it's important to consume them in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Phosphines are a class of organic compounds characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to three organic groups and a hydrogen atom, with the general formula of PRR'R''H. They are important in various chemical reactions as reducing agents and catalysts. In medicine, phosphines have no direct medical application. However, certain phosphine compounds have been studied for their potential use as pharmaceuticals, such as phosphinic acids which have shown promise as protease inhibitors used in the treatment of diseases like HIV and HCV. It is important to note that some phosphines are highly toxic and should be handled with care.

Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin is not a medical condition, but rather a radiopharmaceutical used in diagnostic imaging. It is a radioactive tracer used in nuclear medicine scans, specifically for liver and biliary system imaging. The compound consists of the radioisotope Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) bonded to the pharmaceutical Disofenin.

The Tc-99m is a gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours, making it ideal for diagnostic imaging. When administered to the patient, the compound is taken up by the liver and excreted into the bile ducts and gallbladder, allowing medical professionals to visualize these structures using a gamma camera. This can help detect various conditions such as tumors, gallstones, or obstructions in the biliary system.

It's important to note that Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin is used diagnostically and not for therapeutic purposes. The radiation exposure from this compound is generally low and considered safe for diagnostic use. However, as with any medical procedure involving radiation, the benefits and risks should be carefully weighed and discussed with a healthcare professional.

Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate (Tc-99m PYP) is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging, specifically myocardial perfusion imaging. It is a complex of technetium-99m, a metastable isotope of technetium, with pyrophosphate, a molecule that accumulates in damaged heart muscle tissue.

When injected into the patient's bloodstream, Tc-99m PYP is taken up by the heart muscle in proportion to its blood flow and the degree of damage or scarring (fibrosis). This allows for the detection and evaluation of conditions such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), cardiomyopathy, and heart transplant rejection.

The imaging procedure involves the injection of Tc-99m PYP, followed by the acquisition of images using a gamma camera, which detects the gamma rays emitted by the technetium-99m isotope. The resulting images provide information about the distribution and extent of heart muscle damage, helping physicians to make informed decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment planning.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rhenium" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol "Re" and atomic number 75. Rhenium is a heavy, silvery-white, metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion and is used in high-temperature alloys and electronics.

It does not have any direct medical relevance or application as a drug, treatment, or diagnostic tool in human medicine. However, like many other elements, rhenium compounds are being studied for their potential medicinal uses, such as in cancer therapy. But it's important to note that these are still in the research phase and have not yet been approved for use in humans.

Tissue distribution, in the context of pharmacology and toxicology, refers to the way that a drug or xenobiotic (a chemical substance found within an organism that is not naturally produced by or expected to be present within that organism) is distributed throughout the body's tissues after administration. It describes how much of the drug or xenobiotic can be found in various tissues and organs, and is influenced by factors such as blood flow, lipid solubility, protein binding, and the permeability of cell membranes. Understanding tissue distribution is important for predicting the potential effects of a drug or toxin on different parts of the body, and for designing drugs with improved safety and efficacy profiles.

Radioimmunodetection (RID) is a medical diagnostic technique that combines the specificity of antibodies with the sensitivity of radioisotopes to detect and locate antigens or tumor markers within the body. This technique involves labeling antibodies with radioactive isotopes, which are then introduced into the patient's body. The labeled antibodies bind to the target antigens, allowing for their detection and localization using external gamma cameras.

The process typically begins with the production of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies that specifically recognize and bind to a particular antigen associated with a disease or condition. These antibodies are then labeled with radioisotopes such as technetium-99m, iodine-131, or indium-111, which emit gamma rays that can be detected by external imaging devices.

Once the labeled antibodies have been administered to the patient, they circulate throughout the body and bind to their respective antigens. The bound radioactive antibodies can then be imaged using a gamma camera or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanner, providing information about the location, size, and distribution of the target antigens within the body.

Radioimmunodetection has been widely used in the detection and monitoring of various malignancies, including cancerous tumors and metastases, as well as inflammatory and infectious diseases. It offers several advantages over other diagnostic techniques, such as high sensitivity, specificity, and non-invasiveness, making it an essential tool in modern medical imaging and diagnostics.

Nitriles, in a medical context, refer to a class of organic compounds that contain a cyano group (-CN) bonded to a carbon atom. They are widely used in the chemical industry and can be found in various materials, including certain plastics and rubber products.

In some cases, nitriles can pose health risks if ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with the skin. Short-term exposure to high levels of nitriles can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, such as damage to the nervous system, liver, and kidneys.

However, it's worth noting that the medical use of nitriles is not very common. Some nitrile gloves are used in healthcare settings due to their resistance to many chemicals and because they can provide a better barrier against infectious materials compared to latex or vinyl gloves. But beyond this application, nitriles themselves are not typically used as medications or therapeutic agents.

Radioisotopes, also known as radioactive isotopes or radionuclides, are variants of chemical elements that have unstable nuclei and emit radiation in the form of alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, or conversion electrons. These isotopes are formed when an element's nucleus undergoes natural or artificial radioactive decay.

Radioisotopes can be produced through various processes, including nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and particle bombardment in a cyclotron or other types of particle accelerators. They have a wide range of applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, research, and energy production. In the medical field, radioisotopes are used for diagnostic imaging, radiation therapy, and in the labeling of molecules for research purposes.

It is important to note that handling and using radioisotopes requires proper training, safety measures, and regulatory compliance due to their ionizing radiation properties, which can pose potential health risks if not handled correctly.

Xenon radioisotopes are unstable isotopes of the element xenon that emit radiation as they decay into more stable forms. These isotopes can be produced through various nuclear reactions and have a wide range of applications, including medical imaging and cancer treatment. Examples of commonly used xenon radioisotopes include xenon-127, xenon-131m, xenon-133, and xenon-135.

It's important to note that the use of radioisotopes in medical settings must be carefully regulated and monitored to ensure safety and minimize potential risks to patients and healthcare workers.

Organometallic compounds are a type of chemical compound that contain at least one metal-carbon bond. This means that the metal is directly attached to carbon atom(s) from an organic molecule. These compounds can be synthesized through various methods, and they have found widespread use in industrial and medicinal applications, including catalysis, polymerization, and pharmaceuticals.

It's worth noting that while organometallic compounds contain metal-carbon bonds, not all compounds with metal-carbon bonds are considered organometallic. For example, in classical inorganic chemistry, simple salts of metal carbonyls (M(CO)n) are not typically classified as organometallic, but rather as metal carbonyl complexes. The distinction between these classes of compounds can sometimes be subtle and is a matter of ongoing debate among chemists.

A sentinel lymph node biopsy is a surgical procedure used in cancer staging to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the primary tumor to the lymphatic system. This procedure involves identifying and removing the sentinel lymph node(s), which are the first few lymph nodes to which cancer cells are most likely to spread from the primary tumor site.

The sentinel lymph node(s) are identified by injecting a tracer substance (usually a radioactive material and/or a blue dye) near the tumor site. The tracer substance is taken up by the lymphatic vessels and transported to the sentinel lymph node(s), allowing the surgeon to locate and remove them.

The removed sentinel lymph node(s) are then examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells. If no cancer cells are found, it is unlikely that the cancer has spread to other lymph nodes or distant sites in the body. However, if cancer cells are present, further lymph node dissection and/or additional treatment may be necessary.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is commonly used in the staging of melanoma, breast cancer, and some types of head and neck cancer.

Gastric emptying is the process by which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. In medical terms, it refers to the rate and amount of food that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. This process is regulated by several factors, including the volume and composition of the meal, hormonal signals, and neural mechanisms. Abnormalities in gastric emptying can lead to various gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders, such as gastroparesis, where the stomach's ability to empty food is delayed.

Organophosphorus compounds are a class of chemical substances that contain phosphorus bonded to organic compounds. They are used in various applications, including as plasticizers, flame retardants, pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and nerve gases), and solvents. In medicine, they are also used in the treatment of certain conditions such as glaucoma. However, organophosphorus compounds can be toxic to humans and animals, particularly those that affect the nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Exposure to these compounds can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and in severe cases, respiratory failure and death.

In medical terms, the heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity that functions as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. It's responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. The human heart is divided into four chambers: two atria on the top and two ventricles on the bottom. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the rest of the body. The heart's rhythmic contractions and relaxations are regulated by a complex electrical conduction system.

Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide is a radiopharmaceutical used in nuclear medicine imaging procedures. It is a technetium-labeled compound, where the radioisotope technetium-99m (^99m^Tc) is bound to mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3). The resulting complex is known as ^99m^Tc-MAG3 or Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide.

This radiopharmaceutical is primarily used for renal function assessment, including evaluation of kidney blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and detection of renal obstructions or other abnormalities. After intravenous administration, Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide is rapidly excreted by the kidneys, allowing for visualization and quantification of renal function through gamma camera imaging.

It's important to note that the use of radiopharmaceuticals should be performed under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional, as they involve the administration of radioactive materials for diagnostic purposes.

Aerosols are defined in the medical field as suspensions of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas. In the context of public health and medicine, aerosols often refer to particles that can remain suspended in air for long periods of time and can be inhaled. They can contain various substances, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or chemicals, and can play a role in the transmission of respiratory infections or other health effects.

For example, when an infected person coughs or sneezes, they may produce respiratory droplets that can contain viruses like influenza or SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). Some of these droplets can evaporate quickly and leave behind smaller particles called aerosols, which can remain suspended in the air for hours and potentially be inhaled by others. This is one way that respiratory viruses can spread between people in close proximity to each other.

Aerosols can also be generated through medical procedures such as bronchoscopy, suctioning, or nebulizer treatments, which can produce aerosols containing bacteria, viruses, or other particles that may pose an infection risk to healthcare workers or other patients. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and airborne precautions are often necessary to reduce the risk of transmission in these settings.

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures used to describe the performance of a diagnostic test or screening tool in identifying true positive and true negative results.

* Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people who have a particular condition (true positives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true positive rate" or "recall." A highly sensitive test will identify most or all of the people with the condition, but may also produce more false positives.
* Specificity refers to the proportion of people who do not have a particular condition (true negatives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true negative rate." A highly specific test will identify most or all of the people without the condition, but may also produce more false negatives.

In medical testing, both sensitivity and specificity are important considerations when evaluating a diagnostic test. High sensitivity is desirable for screening tests that aim to identify as many cases of a condition as possible, while high specificity is desirable for confirmatory tests that aim to rule out the condition in people who do not have it.

It's worth noting that sensitivity and specificity are often influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the condition in the population being tested, the threshold used to define a positive result, and the reliability and validity of the test itself. Therefore, it's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test.

"Evaluation studies" is a broad term that refers to the systematic assessment or examination of a program, project, policy, intervention, or product. The goal of an evaluation study is to determine its merits, worth, and value by measuring its effects, efficiency, and impact. There are different types of evaluation studies, including formative evaluations (conducted during the development or implementation of a program to provide feedback for improvement), summative evaluations (conducted at the end of a program to determine its overall effectiveness), process evaluations (focusing on how a program is implemented and delivered), outcome evaluations (assessing the short-term and intermediate effects of a program), and impact evaluations (measuring the long-term and broad consequences of a program).

In medical contexts, evaluation studies are often used to assess the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of new treatments, interventions, or technologies. These studies can help healthcare providers make informed decisions about patient care, guide policymakers in developing evidence-based policies, and promote accountability and transparency in healthcare systems. Examples of evaluation studies in medicine include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare the outcomes of a new treatment to those of a standard or placebo treatment, observational studies that examine the real-world effectiveness and safety of interventions, and economic evaluations that assess the costs and benefits of different healthcare options.

A lung is a pair of spongy, elastic organs in the chest that work together to enable breathing. They are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and are covered by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles, leading to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs.

I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. "Dogs" is not a medical term or condition. It is the common name for a domesticated carnivore of the family Canidae, specifically the genus Canis, which includes wolves, foxes, and other extant and extinct species of mammals. Dogs are often kept as pets and companions, and they have been bred in a wide variety of forms and sizes for different purposes, such as hunting, herding, guarding, assisting police and military forces, and providing companionship and emotional support.

If you meant to ask about a specific medical condition or term related to dogs, please provide more context so I can give you an accurate answer.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the most common type of blood cell in circulating blood in mammals. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

Erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow and have a biconcave shape, which allows them to fold and bend easily as they pass through narrow blood vessels. They do not have a nucleus or mitochondria, which makes them more flexible but also limits their ability to reproduce or repair themselves.

In humans, erythrocytes are typically disc-shaped and measure about 7 micrometers in diameter. They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color. The lifespan of an erythrocyte is approximately 120 days, after which it is broken down in the liver and spleen.

Abnormalities in erythrocyte count or function can lead to various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, and sickle cell disease.

Bone neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the bone. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign bone neoplasms do not spread to other parts of the body and are rarely a threat to life, although they may cause problems if they grow large enough to press on surrounding tissues or cause fractures. Malignant bone neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade and destroy nearby tissue and may spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

There are many different types of bone neoplasms, including:

1. Osteochondroma - a benign tumor that develops from cartilage and bone
2. Enchondroma - a benign tumor that forms in the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones
3. Chondrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from cartilage
4. Osteosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from bone cells
5. Ewing sarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops in the bones or soft tissues around the bones
6. Giant cell tumor of bone - a benign or occasionally malignant tumor that develops from bone tissue
7. Fibrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from fibrous tissue in the bone

The symptoms of bone neoplasms vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor. They may include pain, swelling, stiffness, fractures, or limited mobility. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the tumor but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

The Predictive Value of Tests, specifically the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV), are measures used in diagnostic tests to determine the probability that a positive or negative test result is correct.

Positive Predictive Value (PPV) is the proportion of patients with a positive test result who actually have the disease. It is calculated as the number of true positives divided by the total number of positive results (true positives + false positives). A higher PPV indicates that a positive test result is more likely to be a true positive, and therefore the disease is more likely to be present.

Negative Predictive Value (NPV) is the proportion of patients with a negative test result who do not have the disease. It is calculated as the number of true negatives divided by the total number of negative results (true negatives + false negatives). A higher NPV indicates that a negative test result is more likely to be a true negative, and therefore the disease is less likely to be present.

The predictive value of tests depends on the prevalence of the disease in the population being tested, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the test. A test with high sensitivity and specificity will generally have higher predictive values than a test with low sensitivity and specificity. However, even a highly sensitive and specific test can have low predictive values if the prevalence of the disease is low in the population being tested.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reactions are a type of chemical reaction involving a transfer of electrons between two species. The substance that loses electrons in the reaction is oxidized, and the substance that gains electrons is reduced. Oxidation and reduction always occur together in a redox reaction, hence the term "oxidation-reduction."

In biological systems, redox reactions play a crucial role in many cellular processes, including energy production, metabolism, and signaling. The transfer of electrons in these reactions is often facilitated by specialized molecules called electron carriers, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD/FADH2).

The oxidation state of an element in a compound is a measure of the number of electrons that have been gained or lost relative to its neutral state. In redox reactions, the oxidation state of one or more elements changes as they gain or lose electrons. The substance that is oxidized has a higher oxidation state, while the substance that is reduced has a lower oxidation state.

Overall, oxidation-reduction reactions are fundamental to the functioning of living organisms and are involved in many important biological processes.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

... and technetium-99m (6.01 hours, 0.142 MeV). Technetium-99m emits only gamma rays and decays to technetium-99. Technetium-99 ( ... In this process, the technetium (technetium-99 as a metal target) is bombarded with neutrons to form the short-lived technetium ... technetium-95 (20 hours), and technetium-96 (4.3 days). The primary decay mode for isotopes lighter than technetium-98 (98Tc) ... 4 but almost all of this is technetium-99, not technetium-99m. The vast majority of the technetium-99m used in medical work is ...
... (99Tc) is an isotope of technetium which decays with a half-life of 211,000 years to stable ruthenium-99, ... Technetium-99 has a fission product yield of 6.0507% for thermal neutron fission of uranium-235. The metastable technetium-99m ... K. Yoshihara, "Technetium in the Environment" in "Topics in Current Chemistry: Technetium and Rhenium", vol. 176, K. Yoshihara ... Isotopes of technetium Technetium-99m List of elements facing shortage "Cumulative Fission Yields". IAEA. Retrieved 18 December ...
Because technetium is radioactive, technetium compounds are extremely rare on Earth. The most prevalent form of technetium that ... Technetium compounds are chemical compounds containing the chemical element technetium. Technetium can form multiple oxidation ... Krebs, B. (1969). "Technetium(VII)-oxid: Ein Übergangsmetalloxid mit Molekülstruktur im festen Zustand (Technetium(VII) Oxide, ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Technetium, Technetium compounds, Chemical ...
The presence of technetium seems to be related to the "third dredge-up" in the history of the stars. In between the thermal ... A technetium star, or more properly a Tc-rich star, is a star whose stellar spectrum contains absorption lines of the light ... Stars containing technetium belong to the class of asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB)-stars that are like red giants, but with ... The most stable isotope of technetium is 97Tc with a half-life of 4.21 million years, which is too short a time to allow the ...
... may refer to: Technetium(IV) oxide, TcO2 Technetium trioxide, TcO3 Technetium(VII) oxide, Tc2O7 This set index ...
... (99mTc) is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99 (itself an isotope of technetium), symbolized as 99mTc, ... And because technetium-99m has a short half-life, its quick decay into the far less radioactive technetium-99 results in ... "The Technetium-99m Generator". Bnl.gov. Richards P, Tucker WD, Srivastava SC (October 1982). "Technetium-99m: an historical ... In the form administered in these medical tests (usually pertechnetate), technetium-99m and technetium-99 are eliminated from ...
... is prepared by heating technetium metal with an excess of F2 at 400 °C. Tc + 3 F 2 → TcF 6 Technetium ... In this compound, technetium has an oxidation state of +6, the highest oxidation state found in the technetium halides. In this ... Technetium hexafluoride or technetium(VI) fluoride (TcF6) is a yellow inorganic compound with a low melting point. It was first ... Technetium hexafluoride occurs as an impurity in uranium hexafluoride, as technetium is a fission product of uranium ( ...
"Technetium Tc 99m Tilmanocept". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Portal: Medicine v t e v t e ( ... Technetium (99mTc) tilmanocept, trade name Lymphoseek, is a radiopharmaceutical diagnostic imaging agent used to locate lymph ... "Summary for ARTG Entry: 296337 Lymphoseek kit for the preparation of technetium [99m Tc] tilmanocept injection vial" (PDF). ... "Kit for the preparation of Lymphoseek (technetium tc 99m tilmanocept)- tilmanocept kit". DailyMed. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 28 ...
... is the fourth full-length studio album by Man or Astro-man?, the 12" vinyl being released on either orange ... "Made From Technetium - Man or Astro-man? - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-12-27. v t e (Articles ... In an interview, bassist Coco the Electronic Monkey Wizard joked that the album "was, in fact, made from technetium" and had ... " "Made From Technetium - Man or Astro-man? , Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. "ROCKZONE.COM: Interviews: Man...Or Astro-man ...
... is a radiopharmaceutical medication used in nuclear medicine to image the kidneys. It is a renal ... Technetium (99mTc) mertiatide is indicated for use in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired abnormalities, renal failure, ... The active ingredient, betiatide, is reconstituted with sodium pertechnetate 99mTc injection to form technetium (99mTc) ... Technetium-99m, Radiopharmaceuticals, All stub articles, Pharmacology stubs). ...
The solubility of technetium(IV) oxide is very low and is reported to be 3.9 μg/L. The main species when technetium dioxide is ... Technetium(IV) oxide, also known as technetium dioxide, is a chemical compound with the formula TcO2 which forms the dihydrate ... This can be a problem if technetium(IV) oxide is released into the soil, as it will increase the solubility. If technetium ... pertechnetic acid is produced by the reaction of technetium(VII) oxide with water. If technetium dioxide is treated with a base ...
Technetium compounds, Technetium-99m, Antibody-drug conjugates, Radiopharmaceuticals). ... It consisted of an intact murine (mouse) IgM monoclonal antibody against human CD15, labeled with technetium-99m so as to be ... Technetium (99mTc) fanolesomab (trade name NeutroSpec, manufactured by Palatin Technologies) is a mouse monoclonal antibody ... It is labeled with a radioisotope, technetium-99m (99mTc). NeutroSpec was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( ...
Technetium-99m, Antibody-drug conjugates, Technetium compounds, All stub articles, Monoclonal antibody stubs). ... Technetium (99mTc) sulesomab (trade name LeukoScan) is a radio-pharmaceutical composed of anti-human mouse monoclonal antibody ... Galletti F, Cammaroto G, Galletti B, Quartuccio N, Di Mauro F, Baldari S (June 2015). "Technetium-99m (99mTc)-labelled ... Quigley AM, Gnanasegaran G, Buscombe JR, Hilson AJ (2008). "Technetium-99m-labelled sulesomab (LeukoScan) in the evaluation of ...
... is a radiopharmaceutical sold under the trade name Ceretec, and is used by nuclear medicine ... The drug consists of exametazime as a chelating agent for the radioisotope technetium-99m. Both enantiomeric forms of ... Weldon MJ, Joseph AE, French A, Saverymuttu SH, Maxwell JD (October 1995). "Comparison of 99m technetium hexamethylpropylene- ... Exametazime (the part without technetium) is sometimes referred to as hexamethylpropylene amine oxime or HMPAO, although ...
... is a drug used in nuclear medicine cardiac imaging. It is sold under the brand name Myoview (GE ... February 1993). "Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin as a new radiopharmaceutical for myocardial perfusion imaging". Journal of Nuclear ... Healthcare). The radioisotope, technetium-99m, is chelated by two 1,2-bis[di-(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphino]ethane ligands which ... Technetium-99m, All stub articles, Pharmacology stubs). ...
Technetium compounds, Technetium-99m, All stub articles, Monoclonal antibody stubs, Antineoplastic and immunomodulating drug ... Technetium (99mTc) pintumomab (INN) is a mouse monoclonal antibody for the imaging of adenocarcinoma. It is labelled with the ... radioisotope technetium-99m. WHO Drug Information v t e v t e (Drugs not assigned an ATC code, Articles with changed CASNo ...
... is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula TcI3. It is the first iodide of technetium discovered ... "Synthetic and Coordination Chemistry of the Heavier Trivalent Technetium Binary Halides: Uncovering Technetium Triiodide". ... It can be obtained by the reaction of Tc2(CH3COO)4Cl2 and hydrogen iodide at 150 °C, or by the reaction of technetium and ... iodine at 300~400 °C. It decomposes in a vacuum at 450 °C to produce the metal technetium. Liu, Tian; Zhou, Na; Li, Xu; Zhu, ...
Technetium trichloride is an inorganic compound of technetium and chlorine with the formula TcCl3. Two polymorphs of technetium ... β-TcCl3 is obtained by the reaction between technetium metal and chlorine gas. Its structure consists of infinite layers of ... "Synthesis and Structure of Technetium Trichloride". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (45): 15864-5. doi:10.1021/ ...
Technetium compounds, Folates, Technetium-99m, Radiopharmaceuticals, All stub articles, Pharmacology stubs, Nuclear medicine ... Technetium (99mTc) etarfolatide is an investigational non-invasive, folate receptor-targeting companion imaging agent that is ... Etarfolatide consists of a small molecule targeting the folate receptor and an imaging agent, which is based on technetium-99m ...
... (INN) (commonly sestamibi; USP: technetium Tc 99m sestamibi; trade name Cardiolite) is a ... Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi is a lipophilic cation which, when injected intravenously into a patient, distributes in the ... The drug is a coordination complex consisting of the radioisotope technetium-99m bound to six (sesta=6) ... Rizk TH, Nagalli S (5 July 2020). "Technetium (99mTc) Sestamibi". StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls ...
... is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical used for imaging of the liver and the gallbladder. Under the ... Mebrofenin is a chelate composed of two molecules of a lidocaine analogue, attached to a technetium-99m ion. All of the ... Krishnamurthy GT, Turner FE (1990). "Pharmacokinetics and clinical application of technetium 99m-labeled hepatobiliary agents ... a distinction by deconvolutional analysis of technetium-99m IDA time-activity curves agents". J Nucl Med. 29 (5): 623-30. PMID ...
... is prepared by the oxidation of technetium at 450-500 °C: 4 Tc + 7 O2 → 2 Tc2O7 It is the anhydride of ... Technetium(VII) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Tc2O7. This yellow volatile solid is a rare example of a ... Herrell, A. Y.; Busey, R. H.; Gayer, K. H. (1977). Technetium(VII) Oxide, in Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. XVII. pp. 155-158. doi: ... Krebs, Bernt (1969). "Technetium(VII)-oxid: Ein Übergangsmetalloxid mit Molekülstruktur im festen Zustand". Angewandte Chemie. ...
Technetium-99m is the hallmark technetium isotope employed in the nuclear medicine industry. Its low-energy isomeric transition ... If nuclear transmutation of fission-derived Technetium or Technetium waste from medical applications is desired, fast neutrons ... Isotopes of technetium, Technetium, Lists of isotopes by element). ... Technetium (43Tc) is one of the two elements with Z < 83 that have no stable isotopes; the other such element is promethium. It ...
... (trade name HumaSPECT) is a human monoclonal antibody labelled with the radionuclide technetium- ... Technetium-99m, Abandoned drugs, Technetium compounds, Antibody-drug conjugates, All stub articles, Monoclonal antibody stubs, ...
Technetium pentaluoride is a binary inorganic chemical compound of technetium metal and fluorine with the chemical formula TcF ... Technetium » technetium pentafluoride". webelements.com. Retrieved 19 April 2023. Gutmann, Viktor (2 December 2012). Halogen ... Kemmitt, R. D. W.; Peacock, R. D. (26 January 2016). The Chemistry of Manganese, Technetium and Rhenium: Pergamon Texts in ... The compound is hydrolyzed by water, disproportionating to more stable technetium compounds: 3TcF5 + 8H2O → HTcO4 + 2TcO2 + ...
Colloidal solutions of technetium(IV) chloride are oxidized to form Tc(VII) ions when exposed to gamma rays. Technetium ... It was discovered in 1957 as the first binary halide of technetium. It is the highest oxidation binary chloride of technetium ... TcCl4 Technetium tetrachloride has also been prepared from the reaction of technetium(VII) oxide with carbon tetrachloride in a ... "Technetium Tetrachloride Revisited: A Precursor to Lower-Valent Binary Technetium Chlorides". Inorganic Chemistry. 51 (15): ...
... is an inorganic compound with the formula TcBr4. A brown solid, it is moderately soluble in water. ... Technetium tetrabromide is produced by combining the elements at elevated temperatures: Tc + 2 Br2 → TcBr4 As verified by X-ray ... "Preparation of the Binary Technetium Bromides: TcBr3 and TcBr4". Journal of the American Chemical Society. American Chemical ...
Technetium-99m, Technetium compounds, Antibody-drug conjugates, Monoclonal antibodies for tumors). ... Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab is a drug used for the diagnostic imaging of colorectal cancers, marketed by Immunomedics. It ... Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab is an immunoconjugate. Arcitumomab is a Fab' fragment of IMMU-4, a murine IgG1 monoclonal ... Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab is contraindicated for patients with known allergies or hypersensitivity to mouse proteins, as ...
A technetium-99m generator, or colloquially a technetium cow or moly cow, is a device used to extract the metastable isotope ... It was not until 1960 that Richards became the first to suggest the idea of using technetium as a medical tracer. Technetium- ... "The Technetium-99m Generator". Bnl.gov. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Richards, P.; Tucker, W.D.; Srivastava, S.C ... Richards, Powell (1989). Technetium-99m: The Early Days. Vol. BNL-43197 CONF-8909193-1. New York: Brookhaven National ...
It consists of technetium-99m bound to the conjugate base of pentetic acid, with sodium as an additional cation. Technetium ( ... Technetium (99mTc) pentetic acid, sold under the brand name Draximage DTPA among others, is a radiopharmaceutical medication ... "Draximage DTPA- kit for the preparation of technetium tc 99m pentetate injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution". DailyMed ... Technetium-99m, Radiopharmaceuticals, All stub articles, Pharmacology stubs). ...
... and technetium-99m (6.01 hours, 0.142 MeV). Technetium-99m emits only gamma rays and decays to technetium-99. Technetium-99 ( ... In this process, the technetium (technetium-99 as a metal target) is bombarded with neutrons to form the short-lived technetium ... technetium-95 (20 hours), and technetium-96 (4.3 days). The primary decay mode for isotopes lighter than technetium-98 (98Tc) ... 4 but almost all of this is technetium-99, not technetium-99m. The vast majority of the technetium-99m used in medical work is ...
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... J Am Coll Surg. 1996 Jul;183(1):25-30. ... Study design: Technetium-99m-sestamibi scintigraphy was performed in 124 patients with hyperparathyroidism and the results were ... Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate parathyroid localization using technetium-99m-sestamibi ( ...
Comprehensive information for the element Technetium - Tc is provided by this page including scores of properties, element ... Technetium Menu. *Technetium Page One*Overview of Technetium*Technetiums Name in Other Languages*Atomic Structure of ... Technetium Menu. *Technetium Page One*Overview of Technetium*Technetiums Name in Other Languages*Atomic Structure of ... Latin: Technetium*Czech: Technecium*Croatian: Tehnecij*French: Technetium*German: Technetium - s*Italian: Tecneto*Norwegian: ...
Detailed decay information for the isotope technetium-98 including decay chains and daughter products. ... Technetium Pictures Page. Al. Si. P. S. Cl. Ar. K. Ca. Technetium Technical Data. Sc. Ti. V. Cr. Mn. Fe. Co. Ni. Cu. Zn. Ga. Ge ... Isotopes of Technetium (click to see decay chain):. 85Tc 86Tc 87Tc 88Tc 89Tc 90Tc 91Tc 92Tc 93Tc 94Tc 95Tc 96Tc 97Tc 98Tc 99Tc ... Technetium Main Page. Black White Gray. B. C. N. O. F. Ne. ...
Lead pig for technetium.. Ive listed a set of six similar lead pigs under technetium basically out of desperation. They have ... no technetium in them, but they used to. They are labeled with the names of various different radio-pharmaceutical preparations ...
sodium perchlorate inhibits the reaction [SLC5A5 protein results in increased uptake of Technetium]. CTD. PMID:15221289. NCBI ... 43Tc; Formula=Tc; InChI=1S/Tc; InChIKey=GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N; SMILES=[Tc]; Tc; technetium; tecnecio. ... SLC5A5 protein results in increased uptake of Technetium. ... technetium atom. go back to main search page Accession:. CHEBI: ...
Sellafield Conference to discuss the effects of Technetium-99 A conference to discuss the effects of technetium-99 involving ... Sellafield Conference to discuss the effects of Technetium-99. A conference to discuss the effects of technetium-99 involving ... Technetium-99 discharges have been routinely monitored in the North Atlantic. This conference will consider the health, ... Sellafield Conference to discuss the effects of Technetium-99. Published on March 11, 2003. by Bellona ...
... the technetium (99mTc) medronate solution obtained is used in bone scintigraphy. Between 0.01% (MDP blocked, with a T ½ of 5.2 ... The metastable Technetium 99 (99mTc) is a radioactive isotope that emits gamma radiation. Its half-life of radioactive decay is ... Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate is also known as Technetium 99m Medronate (MDP). Here it is a list of alternative known ... The metastable Technetium 99 (99mTc) is a radioactive isotope that emits gamma radiation. Its half-life of radioactive decay is ...
Crystal structures and superconductivity of technetium hydrides under pressure X. Li, H. Liu and F. Peng, Phys. Chem. Chem. ...
Technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT in Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Zvi Bar-Sever, Leonard P. Connolly, Patrick D. Barnes and S. Ted Treves ... Technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT in Sturge-Weber Syndrome Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from Journal of Nuclear ...
Prediction of Technetium-99m Yield from Molybdenum-99 Generators. John U. Hidalgo, Robert M. Wright and Mary Margaret Wooten ... Prediction of Technetium-99m Yield from Molybdenum-99 Generators Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ...
Solution; Injection, Oral; Technetium Tc-99M Sodium Pertechnetate Generator 0.25-3 CI. ...
Automatic quantitation of regional myocardial wall motion and thickening from gated technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial ... algorithm for the measurement of regional myocardial wall motion and wall thickening from three-dimensional gated technetium- ...
"Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime" by people in this website by ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime". ...
... technetium Tc 99m succimer), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & ... encoded search term (technetium Tc 99m succimer (Nephroscan)) and technetium Tc 99m succimer (Nephroscan) What to Read Next on ... Technetium Tc 99m succimer binds to the cortical region of kidneys and in conjunction with gamma scintigraphy or single photon ... Technetium Tc 99m contributes to a patients overall long-term cumulative radiation exposure; long-term cumulative radiation ...
Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is the most commonly employed imaging radionuclide. This research project is focused on the preparation ... Progress in the synthesis of a Technetium-labeled complex as a potential Sigma receptor binding ligand. Austin, Jared ...
The use of seaweed as an agricultural soil conditioner gives rise to a potential pathway for the transfer of Technetium-99 ( ... Sea-to-land transfer of technetium-99 through the use of contaminated seaweed as an agricultural soil conditioner ... 2003 Sea-to-land transfer of technetium-99 through the use of contaminated seaweed as an agricultural soil conditioner. Journal ...
Technetium-99, a pure β-emitter with Emax =294 keV, is relatively long-lived radio isotope (t1/2 =2.1×105 y) found in nuclear ... Papageorgiou, Athanasios (2022) Development of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance sensor for the detection of Technetium in ... Development of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance sensor for the detection of Technetium in groundwater ...
How does technetium 99m work in the body?. WHAT IS TECHNETIUM-99m USED FOR? Technetium-99m decays by a process called isomeric ... How technetium-99m is prepared using a generator?. A technetium-99m generator, or colloquially a technetium cow, is a device ... What can you do with a technetium-99m generator?. A technetium-99m generator, or colloquially a technetium cow or moly cow, is ... How is technetium-99m generated?. Technetium -99m is produced by bombarding molybdenum 98Mo with neutrons. The resultant 99Mo ...
Techniques for Technetium Scintigraphy in Plants Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from Journal of Nuclear ... Techniques for Technetium Scintigraphy in Plants. Geoffrey Currie, Simon Clarke, Suzy Rogiers and Janelle Wheat ...
... is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99, symbolized as 99mTc. The m indicates that this ... Isotopes of technetium Categories: Medical imaging , Nuclear medicine , Radiobiology , Radiology , Radiochemistry , Technetium ... Technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99, symbolized as 99mTc. The "m" indicates that this is a ... Technetium-99m in Nuclear Medicine. Technetium-99m is used in 20 million diagnostic nuclear medical procedures every year. ...
... Author: Gesche Tallen, MD, PhD, Erstellt am 2015/04/22, Editor: Maria ... The phosphate-bound technetium accumulates wherever increased bone cell metabolism takes place. In healthy children, such an ... In order to detect metastatic tissue, the patient receives an age-dependent dose of radioactive technetium (99mTc) ...
... the exceptions being technetium-93 (2.73 hours), technetium-94 (4.88 hours), technetium-95 (20 hours), and technetium-96 (4.3 ... In this process, the technetium (technetium-99 as a metal target) is bombarded with neutrons to form the short-lived technetium ... and technetium-99m (6.01 hours, 0.142 MeV).[56] Technetium-99m emits only gamma rays and decays to technetium-99.[56] ... Technetium scintigraphy of a neck of Graves disease patient. Technetium-99m ("m" indicates that this is a metastable nuclear ...
... Technetium is the 43rd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Tc and atomic number of 43. It has an ... The Allotropes of Element 43 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Technetium (Tc) is 22. The Quantum Numbers of Technetium is 6S5/ ... The Mendeleev Number of Technetium (Tc) is 56. The Pettifor Number of Technetium is 58. The Goldschmidt Class of Tc is ... Technetium is a Silver. Tc has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #3b9e9e, and MOLCAS GV of #3b9e9e. The Appearance of Element 43 is ...
Technetium pyrophosphate cardiac imaging in asymptomatic variant transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis. Session: Poster ...
Technetium is a chemical element with atomic number 43 which means there are 43 protons and 43 electrons in the atomic ... Technetium - Atomic Number - Tc. 2020-11-21. by Nick Connor Atomic Number of Technetium. Technetium is a chemical element with ... Technetium is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive; none are stable. Nearly all technetium is produced ... Technetium is a chemical element with atomic number 43 which means there are 43 protons and 43 electrons in the atomic ...
Technetium-99m. Technetium-99m (99m Tc)-pertechnetate scintigraphy typically demonstrates markedly reduced uptake in the ... Hiromatsu Y, Ishibashi M, Miyake I, Nonaka K. Technetium-99m tetrofosmin imaging in patients with subacute thyroiditis. Eur J ...
  • Technetium-99m-sestamibi scintigraphy was performed in 124 patients with hyperparathyroidism and the results were correlated with serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, weight, location, and pathology of parathyroid tissue, and associated thyroid abnormalities. (nih.gov)
  • After radioactive labelling with sodium pertechnetate (99mTc) solution, the technetium (99mTc) medronate solution obtained is used in bone scintigraphy. (e-lactancia.org)
  • Light VLMcHenry CRJarjoura DSodee DBMiron SD Prospective comparison of dual-phase technetium-99m-sestamibi scintigraphy and high resolution ultrasonography in the evaluation of abnormal parathyroid glands. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) pertechnetate scintigraphy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thyroid scintigraphy was performed after the 7th day of birth were recalled based using technetium pertechnetate. (who.int)
  • BACKGROUND: Scintigraphy using technetium-99m labelled dimercaptosuccinic acid ([ 99m Tc]Tc-DMSA), taken up in the proximal tubules, is the standard in functional imaging of the renal cortex. (lu.se)
  • A population of 135 patients who had undergone both myocardial technetium-99m-sestamibi rest-stress scintigraphy and coronary angiography within 3 months was studied. (lu.se)
  • Wei JPBurke GJ Analysis of savings in operative time for primary hyperparathyroidism using localization with technetium 99m sestamibi scan. (jamanetwork.com)
  • McHenry CRLee KSaadey JNeumann DREsselstyn CB Jr Parathyroid localization with technetium-99m-sestamibi: a prospective evaluation. (jamanetwork.com)
  • The metastable Technetium 99 (99mTc) is a radioactive isotope that emits gamma radiation. (e-lactancia.org)
  • A technetium-99m generator, or colloquially a technetium cow, is a device used to extract the metastable isotope 99mTc from a source of decaying molydenum-99. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • Technetium-99m decays by a process called isomeric transition, a process in which 99mTc decays to 99Tc via the release of gamma rays and low energy electrons. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • A technetium-99m generator, or colloquially a technetium cow or moly cow, is a device used to extract the metastable isotope 99mTc of technetium from a source of decaying molybdenum-99. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • In order to detect metastatic tissue, the patient receives an age-dependent dose of radioactive technetium (99mTc) intravenously, which is bound to a phosphate compound. (gpoh.de)
  • Technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99 (itself an isotope of technetium), symbolized as 99mTc, that is used in tens of millions of medical diagnostic procedures annually, making it the most commonly used medical radioisotope. (24chemicalresearch.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate parathyroid localization using technetium-99m-sestamibi (MIBI). (nih.gov)
  • We developed an automatic quantitative algorithm for the measurement of regional myocardial wall motion and wall thickening from three-dimensional gated technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomographic images. (nih.gov)
  • Value of technetium 99m sestamibi iodine 123 imaging in reoperative parathyroid surgery. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Casas ATBurke GJMansberger AR JrWei JP Impact of technetium-99m-sestamibi localization on operative time and success of operations for primary hyperparathyroidism. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Wei JPBurke GJMansberger AR Jr Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of technetium 99m-sestamibi and iodine 123 radionuclide imaging of abnormal parathyroid glands. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Borley NRCollins RECO'Doherty MCoakley A Technetium-99m sestamibi parathyroid localization is accurate enough for scan-directed unilateral neck exploration. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Lee VSWilkinson RH JrLeight GS JrCoogan ACColeman RE Hyperparathyroidism in high-risk surgical patients: evaluation with double-phase technetium-99m sestamibi imaging. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Naturally occurring technetium is a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore and thorium ore, the most common source, or the product of neutron capture in molybdenum ores. (wikipedia.org)
  • Technetium -99m is produced by bombarding molybdenum 98Mo with neutrons. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • Hospitals cannot run their own nuclear reactors and so they rely on technetium generators - machines that produce Tc-99m from the decay of its parent isotope molybdenum-99. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • Technetium-99m is made from the synthetic substance Molybdenum-99 which is a by-product of nuclear fission. (chemeurope.com)
  • This is a useful life since, once this product (molybdenum-99) is created, it can be transported to any hospital in the world and would still be producing technetium-99m for the next week. (chemeurope.com)
  • When a hospital receives a bottle of molybdenum-99, the technetium-99m from within can be easily chemically extracted. (chemeurope.com)
  • That same bottle of molybdenum-99 (holding only a few micrograms) can potentially diagnose ten thousand patients because it will be producing technetium-99m, strongly for over a week. (chemeurope.com)
  • Technetium-99m is the decay product of radionuclide Molybdenum-99. (isotop.ru)
  • GTR : 69814736 request for proposals are invited for request for proposal (rfp) for radiopharmaceuticals production lines (iodine 131 and molybdenum 99/technetium 99m generator production) province: north west closing date: friday, 18 august 2023 11:00 place w. (tenderdetail.com)
  • Because even the longest-lived isotope of technetium has a relatively short half-life (4.21 million years), the 1952 detection of technetium in red giants helped to prove that stars can produce heavier elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • uppose that the radioactive element Technetium (Tc, Z = 43) has three isotopes: 97Tc (21.72%, 96.91 amu), 98Tc (58.70%, 97.93 amu and 99Tc (98.94 amu). (qualitycoursework.com)
  • The ground state of the nuclide technetium-99 is used as a gamma-ray-free source of beta particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • What is the nuclide notation for technetium-99? (wolframalpha.com)
  • Due to its short half-life, technetium-99m for nuclear medicine purposes is usually extracted from technetium-99m generators which contain Mo-99 , which is the usual parent nuclide for this isotope. (chemeurope.com)
  • It is because of its parent nuclide, that Technetium-99m is so suitable to modern medicine. (chemeurope.com)
  • Technetium is a chemical element with atomic number 43 which means there are 43 protons and 43 electrons in the atomic structure. (periodic-table.org)
  • Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is the most commonly employed imaging radionuclide. (umsystem.edu)
  • Technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99, symbolized as 99m Tc. (chemeurope.com)
  • Hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia and symmetrical and uniform increase in technetium 99m MDP uptake]. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1937, technetium (specifically the technetium-97 isotope) became the first predominantly artificial element to be produced, hence its name (from the Greek τεχνητός, technetos, from techne, as in "craft", "art" and having the meaning of "artificial", + -ium). (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1937, they succeeded in isolating the isotopes technetium-95m and technetium-97. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long-lived technetium isotopes produced commercially are byproducts of the fission of uranium-235 in nuclear reactors and are extracted from nuclear fuel rods. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these conditions another uranium isotope, 236U, may be present together with very small amounts of the transuranic elements plutonium, americium and neptunium and the fission product technetium-99. (who.int)
  • Technetium-99m decays to Tc-99 (a less excited state of the same isotope) by rearrangement of nucleons in its nucleus. (chemeurope.com)
  • Why do hospitals use technetium generators? (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • Isotope JSC offers its services in delivering Technetium-99m generators. (isotop.ru)
  • Our Technetium-99m generators are delivered to hospitals completely ready for service. (isotop.ru)
  • Technetium-99m generator is designed for multiple production of sterile pyrogen-free sodium pertechnetate in isotonic sodium chloride (0,9% NaCl) solution. (isotop.ru)
  • Hipertiroidismo, hipercalcemia y aumento simétrico y uniforme en la captación de tecnecio 99m MDP. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on the similarities between the chemistry of the tellurium-iodine parent-daughter pair, Tucker and Greene developed the first technetium-99m generator in 1958. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • Technetium has forty-three protons and forty neutrons in its nucleus, and forty-three electrons in five shells. (chemicalaid.com)
  • The technetium-99m radioisotope is used predominantly in both bone and brain scans to check for any irregularities. (chemeurope.com)
  • One short-lived gamma ray-emitting nuclear isomer, technetium-99m, is used in nuclear medicine for a wide variety of tests, such as bone cancer diagnoses. (wikipedia.org)
  • For a full discussion of its uses in nuclear medicine, see the article on technetium . (chemeurope.com)
  • Technetium-99 is an isotope which emits soft beta rays but no gamma rays. (chemeurope.com)
  • A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the use of technetium-99m, the radioisotope is administered to the patient and the escaping gamma rays are incident upon a gamma camera which computes and calculates the image. (chemeurope.com)
  • All available technetium is produced as a synthetic element. (wikipedia.org)
  • Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • Technetium is a chemical element with the symbol Tc and atomic number 43. (wikipedia.org)
  • including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Technetium. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • Technetium-99m is used in 20 million diagnostic nuclear medical procedures every year. (chemeurope.com)
  • It was not until 1960 that Richards became the first to suggest the idea of using technetium as a medical tracer. (cravencountryjamboree.com)
  • Technetium has never been found on Earth dispite extensive searches. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in the Earth's crust. (nuclear-power.com)