Tinea Capitis
Tinea
Tinea Pedis
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Tinea Versicolor
Tinea Favosa
Arthrodermataceae
Pediculus
Scalp Dermatoses
Lice Infestations
Povidone-Iodine
Onychomycosis
Antifungal Agents
Neck Muscles
Staphylococcus
An iatrogenic epidemic of benign meningioma. (1/37)
Head irradiation, the acceptable mode of treatment for tinea capitis in the past, is recognized today as a causative factor for meningioma. This treatment was applied en mass to immigrants coming to Israel from North Africa and the Middle East during the 1950s. In order to estimate the effect of the differential radiation treatment on the rates of meningioma in the total population, the authors assessed time trends of this disease in Israel over the past 40 years by main ethnic origin. Cohort analysis shows a marked incidence rise in the North African-born cohorts born in 1940-1954 starting from the 1980s. A similar pattern is seen in the Middle Eastern born, although the increase is not as sharp. In consequence, there is a crossover of the interethnic incidence curves in the 1940-1949 cohort. Comparison of the relative risk between 1940-1954 cohorts that comprised most of the irradiated with 1930-1939 cohorts, who were largely free of the radiation, shows that the North African born have the largest relative risk of 4.62, followed by the Middle Eastern born, with a relative risk of 1.95, while the European-American born have a relative risk close to 1. The differences between the three areas of birth are statistically significant. The data illustrate the potential risk of administering highly potent therapy for an essentially benign disease that led, in turn, to a drastic change in the national meningioma pattern. (+info)Practical management of hair loss. (2/37)
OBJECTIVE: To describe an organized diagnostic approach for both nonscarring and scarring alopecias to help family physicians establish an accurate in-office diagnosis. To explain when ancillary laboratory workup is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Current diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for hair loss are based on randomized controlled studies, uncontrolled studies, and case series. MEDLINE was searched from January 1966 to December 1998 with the MeSH words alopecia, hair, and alopecia areata. Articles were selected on the basis of experimental design, with priority given to the most current large multicentre controlled studies. Overall global evidence for therapeutic intervention for hair loss is quite strong. MAIN MESSAGE: The most common forms of nonscarring alopecias are androgenic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and alopecia areata. Other disorders include trichotillomania, traction alopecia, tinea capitis, and hair shaft abnormalities. Scarring alopecia is caused by trauma, infections, discoid lupus erythematosus, or lichen planus. Key to establishing an accurate diagnosis is a detailed history, including medication use, systemic illnesses, endocrine dysfunction, hair-care practices, and family history. All hair-bearing sites should be examined. A 4-mm punch biopsy of the scalp is useful, particularly to diagnose scarring alopecias. Once a diagnosis has been established, specific therapy can be initiated. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis and management of hair loss is an interesting challenge for family physicians. An organized approach to recognizing characteristic differential features of hair loss disorders is key to diagnosis and management. (+info)Tinea capitis: study of asymptomatic carriers and sick adolescents, adults and elderly who live with children with the disease. (3/37)
Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection that occurs mainly in childhood; there are few reports, in Brazil, in adolescents and adults. The detection of asymptomatic carriers is of great importance in the disease control. From February 1998 to February 1999, a study was performed at the outpatient Dermatologic Unit of Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagao Gesteira (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) to verify the frequency of asymptomatic carriers and tinea capitis between 79 adolescents, adults and elderly who lived in the same household of 56 children (0-12 years) with tinea capitis. Of these, one female and one male adults (2.5%) were asymptomatic carriers and the cultures revealed Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis respectively. One female adolescent and two female adults (3.8%) had tinea capitis and all cultures revealed Trichophyton tonsurans. The study has shown that adolescents and adults who live in the same household of children with tinea capitis may be sick or asymptomatic carriers. (+info)Tinea capitis infection in school children of Nepal. (4/37)
From among 428 Nepalese schoolchildren hair samples of 102 children with clinical features of tinea capitis, obtained by the sterile hairbrush method, were examined by mycological techniques. Age varied between 4-16 years. Itching was experienced by 96.1% sample subjects and hair loss by 32.4%. Of the 102, 11 (10.8%) were positive for Trichophyton violaceum (TV), 6 being from urban areas, the rest from rural areas. Amongst the 11 patients, 7 (63.6%) were girls and rest boys. Statistical associations were observed between the place of haircut and isolation of the organism (chi2 = 15.2, p <0.01). Statistical association was also present between frequency of bathing and isolation of organism. Sharing of combs was associated with the culture-positive subjects. The prevalence of tinea capitis in the urban and rural children was 2.3% and 3.0%, respectively. The only isolated organism was TV. An association of the isolation of TV was found with risk factors such as family members, sharing of combs, frequency of bathing with the organism. Hair loss was more common in the urban children. Discouragement of sharing combs, increased frequency of hair washing, and use of uncontaminated hair cutting instruments are recommended. (+info)A possible association between ionizing radiation and pituitary adenoma: a descriptive study. (5/37)
BACKGROUND: Despite the recognition of ionizing radiation as a causal risk factor for a variety of solid tumors (including brain tumors), to date, such an association with pituitary adenoma (PA) has not been demonstrated. METHODS: To evaluate a possible association between past exposure to radiation and the occurrence of PA, the authors reviewed about 4900 medical records of patients who had been irradiated in childhood for tinea capitis. An additional search for patients was performed using the Israel Cancer Registry. The average radiation dose to the pituitary gland was estimated as 0.56 grays, and, for all patients, a meticulous validation of the irradiation was performed. RESULTS: A group of 16 patients who developed symptomatic PA after childhood exposure to radiotherapy were identified. Overall, the clinical and demographic characteristics of these patients were similar to other series reported in the literature. There was an apparently high rate of second primary tumors (25%), all of them in the irradiated area, diagnosed among this group. The methodologic issues that limit the demonstration of a possible association between radiation and PA and the epidemiologic and experimental findings in the literature are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the ample amount of evidence identifying low-dose ionizing radiation as a risk factor for a number of intracranial tumors as well as for tumors arising in endocrine organs, a radiation immunity of the pituitary gland is difficult to accept. Hence, the authors suggest that this series should be considered as preliminary observation that supports the role of ionizing radiation in the development of this tumor. (+info)Secondary bacterial infections complicating skin lesions. (6/37)
Secondary bacterial infection in skin lesions is a common problem. This review summarises a series of studies of the microbiology of several of these infections: scabies, psoriasis, poison ivy, atopic dermatitis, eczema herpeticum and kerion. Staphylococcus aureus and group A beta-haemolytic streptococci were the most prevalent aerobes and were isolated from all body sites. In contrast, organisms that reside in the mucous membranes close to the lesions predominated in infections next to these membranes. In this fashion, enteric gram-negative bacilli and Bacteroides spp. were found most often in buttock and leg lesions. The probable sources of these organisms are the rectum and vagina, where they normally reside. Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. and Fusobacterium spp. were most commonly found in lesions of the head, face, neck and fingers. These organisms probably reached these sites from the oral cavity, where they are part of the normal flora. This review highlights the polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic microbiology of secondarily infected skin lesions. (+info)Common hair loss disorders. (7/37)
Hair loss (alopecia) affects men and women of all ages and often significantly affects social and psychologic well-being. Although alopecia has several causes, a careful history, dose attention to the appearance of the hair loss, and a few simple studies can quickly narrow the potential diagnoses. Androgenetic alopecia, one of the most common forms of hair loss, usually has a specific pattern of temporal-frontal loss in men and central thinning in women. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved topical minoxidil to treat men and women, with the addition of finasteride for men. Telogen effluvium is characterized by the loss of "handfuls" of hair, often following emotional or physical stressors. Alopecia areata, trichotillomania, traction alopecia, and tinea capitis have unique features on examination that aid in diagnosis. Treatment for these disorders and telogen effluvium focuses on resolution of the underlying cause. (+info)Ant-induced alopecia: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. (8/37)
Localized scalp hair loss is associated with many processes, including alopecia areata, trichotillomania, tinea capitis, and early lupus erythematosus. There are several reports of localized alopecia after tick- and flea-bites and bee stings, but there are only two reports of ant-induced alopecia in the literature. We present two cases of alopecia induced by ants of genus Pheidole (species pallidula) and review the literature for insect-induced alopecia. Ant-induced alopecia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of localized sudden-onset alopecia, at least in some geographic areas of the world. (+info)Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection, primarily affecting the scalp and hair. It is commonly known as "ringworm of the scalp." The term "ringworm" is a misnomer because it has nothing to do with worms; instead, it refers to the ring-like appearance of the rash caused by these fungi.
The infection is more prevalent in children than adults and can spread through direct contact with an infected person or animal (like pets), or via contaminated objects such as combs, brushes, hats, etc. The causative agents are typically mold-like fungi called dermatophytes, which belong to the genera Microsporum or Trichophyton.
Symptoms of tinea capitis include itchiness, scaling, hair loss (in patches), and the presence of black dots on the scalp where broken hairs remain. In some cases, inflammation and pustules may occur. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through microscopic examination of hair or scale samples, and sometimes by culture.
Treatment typically involves oral antifungal medications like griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole for several weeks to ensure complete eradication of the fungus. Topical antifungals are often used in conjunction with oral therapy. Good hygiene practices and avoiding sharing personal items can help prevent transmission.
Tinea is a common fungal infection of the skin, also known as ringworm. It's called ringworm because of its characteristic red, circular, and often scaly rash with raised edges that can resemble a worm's shape. However, it has nothing to do with any kind of actual worm.
The fungi responsible for tinea infections belong to the genus Trichophyton, Microsporum, or Epidermophyton. These fungi thrive in warm, damp environments and can be contracted from infected people, animals, or contaminated soil. Common types of tinea infections include athlete's foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), and ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis).
Treatment for tinea typically involves antifungal medications, either topical or oral, depending on the location and severity of the infection. Proper hygiene and avoiding sharing personal items can help prevent the spread of this contagious condition.
Griseofulvin is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections, including those affecting the skin, hair, and nails. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi, particularly dermatophytes, which cause these infections. Griseofulvin can be obtained through a prescription and is available in oral (by mouth) and topical (on the skin) forms.
The primary mechanism of action for griseofulvin involves binding to tubulin, a protein necessary for fungal cell division. This interaction disrupts the formation of microtubules, which are crucial for the fungal cell's structural integrity and growth. As a result, the fungi cannot grow and multiply, allowing the infected tissue to heal and the infection to resolve.
Common side effects associated with griseofulvin use include gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), headache, dizziness, and skin rashes. It is essential to follow the prescribing physician's instructions carefully when taking griseofulvin, as improper usage may lead to reduced effectiveness or increased risk of side effects.
It is important to note that griseofulvin has limited use in modern medicine due to the development of newer and more effective antifungal agents. However, it remains a valuable option for specific fungal infections, particularly those resistant to other treatments.
Tinea Pedis, also known as athlete's foot, is a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet, particularly between the toes. The causative agents are dermatophytes, which thrive in warm and damp environments. Common symptoms include itching, burning, cracked, blistered, or scaly skin, and sometimes painful peeling or cracking of the skin. It is contagious and can spread to other parts of the body or to other people through direct contact or via contaminated surfaces. Proper hygiene, keeping the feet dry, and using antifungal medications are common methods of preventing and treating this condition.
Microsporum is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Arthrodermataceae. These fungi are known to cause various types of tinea (ringworm) infections in humans and animals. They are characterized by their ability to produce large, thick-walled macroconidia that are typically round to oval in shape.
The most common species of Microsporum that infect humans include M. canis, M. audouinii, and M. gypsum. These fungi are often found in soil and on the skin or fur of animals such as cats, dogs, and cattle. They can cause a variety of skin infections, including tinea capitis (scalp ringworm), tinea corporis (body ringworm), and tinea unguium (nail ringworm).
Microsporum infections are typically treated with topical or oral antifungal medications. Prevention measures include good personal hygiene, avoiding contact with infected animals, and prompt treatment of any fungal infections.
Trichophyton is a genus of fungi that are primarily responsible for causing various superficial and cutaneous infections in humans and animals. These infections, known as dermatophytoses or ringworm, typically involve the skin, hair, and nails. Some common examples of diseases caused by Trichophyton species include athlete's foot (T. rubrum), jock itch (T. mentagrophytes), and scalp ringworm (T. tonsurans).
The fungi in the Trichophyton genus are called keratinophilic, meaning they have a preference for keratin, a protein found in high concentrations in skin, hair, and nails. This characteristic allows them to thrive in these environments and cause infection. The specific species of Trichophyton involved in an infection will determine the clinical presentation and severity of the disease.
In summary, Trichophyton is a medical term referring to a group of fungi that can cause various skin, hair, and nail infections in humans and animals.
Tinea versicolor is a superficial fungal infection of the skin, caused by the pathogen Malassezia furfur (previously known as Pityrosporum ovale). It is characterized by the appearance of multiple round or oval patches that are hypopigmented (lighter than the surrounding skin) or hyperpigmented (darker than the surrounding skin), scaly, and can be pruritic (itchy). The lesions typically appear on the trunk and proximal extremities, often in a symmetrical pattern. Tinea versicolor is more common in warm, humid climates and in individuals with oily skin or weakened immune systems. It is usually diagnosed based on the clinical presentation and can be confirmed by microscopic examination of skin scrapings or fungal cultures. Treatment typically involves topical antifungal medications, such as clotrimazole, miconazole, or selenium sulfide, but oral medication may be necessary for severe or widespread infections.
Tinea favosa, also known as "black dot ringworm," is a chronic and severe form of tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp). It is caused by the fungus Trichophyton schoenleinii. The name "black dot" refers to the appearance of hair shafts that become broken off at the skin surface, leaving small black dots on the scalp.
The infection often affects children and can cause scaling, alopecia (hair loss), and formation of kerion (a severely inflamed and pustular lesion). The condition is highly contagious and can spread through contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects such as combs, brushes, hats, and towels.
Tinea favosa can be challenging to treat due to its chronic nature and the development of extensive scarring and permanent hair loss if left untreated. Treatment typically involves oral antifungal medications for an extended period, along with proper hygiene measures to prevent the spread of infection.
Dermatomycoses are a group of fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, and nails. These infections are caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Dermatophyte infections, also known as tinea, are the most common type of dermatomycoses and can affect different areas of the body, such as the scalp (tinea capitis), beard (tinea barbae), body (tinea corporis), feet (tinea pedis or athlete's foot), hands (tinea manuum), and nails (tinea unguium or onychomycosis). Yeast infections, such as those caused by Candida albicans, can lead to conditions like candidal intertrigo, vulvovaginitis, and balanitis. Mold infections are less common but can cause skin disorders like scalded skin syndrome and phaeohyphomycosis. Dermatomycoses are typically treated with topical or oral antifungal medications.
Arthrodermataceae is a family of fungi that includes several medically important dermatophytes, which are fungi that can cause skin and nail infections known as tinea. Some notable genera within this family include:
1. Trichophyton: This genus contains several species that can cause various types of tinea infections, such as athlete's foot (tinea pedis), ringworm (tinea corporis), and jock itch (tinea cruris). Some species can also cause nail infections (tinea unguium or onychomycosis).
2. Microsporum: This genus includes some of the less common causes of tinea infections, such as tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) and tinea corporis.
3. Epidermophyton: This genus contains species that can cause tinea infections of the feet, hands, and nails.
These fungi primarily feed on keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails, and typically invade dead or damaged tissue. Infections caused by Arthrodermataceae are usually treatable with antifungal medications, either topical or oral, depending on the severity and location of the infection.
"Pediculus" is the medical term for a type of small, wingless parasitic insect that can be found in human hair and on the body. There are two main species that affect humans:
1. Pediculus humanus capitis - also known as the head louse, it primarily lives on the scalp and is responsible for causing head lice infestations.
2. Pediculus humanus corporis - also known as the body louse, it typically lives in clothing and on the body, particularly in seams and folds of clothing, and can cause body lice infestations.
Both species of Pediculus feed on human blood and can cause itching and skin irritation. They are primarily spread through close personal contact and sharing of items such as hats, combs, and clothing.
Scalp dermatoses refer to various skin conditions that affect the scalp. These can include inflammatory conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff, cradle cap), psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (eczema), and lichen planus; infectious processes like bacterial folliculitis, tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and viral infections; as well as autoimmune conditions such as alopecia areata. Symptoms can range from mild scaling and itching to severe redness, pain, and hair loss. The specific diagnosis and treatment of scalp dermatoses depend on the underlying cause.
A lice infestation, also known as pediculosis, is a condition characterized by the presence and multiplication of parasitic insects called lice on a person's body. The three main types of lice that can infest humans are:
1. Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis): These lice primarily live on the scalp, neck, and behind the ears, feeding on human blood. They lay their eggs (nits) on hair shafts close to the scalp. Head lice infestations are most common in children aged 3-12 years old.
2. Body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis): These lice typically live and lay eggs on clothing, particularly seams and collars, near the body's warmest areas. They move to the skin to feed on blood, usually at night. Body lice infestations are more common in people who experience homelessness or overcrowded living conditions with limited access to clean clothing and hygiene facilities.
3. Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis): Also known as crab lice, these lice primarily live in coarse body hair, such as the pubic area, armpits, eyelashes, eyebrows, beard, or mustache. They feed on human blood and lay eggs on hair shafts close to the skin. Pubic lice infestations are typically sexually transmitted but can also occur through close personal contact with an infected individual or sharing contaminated items like bedding or clothing.
Symptoms of a lice infestation may include intense itching, tickling sensations, and visible red bumps or sores on the skin caused by lice bites. In some cases, secondary bacterial infections can occur due to scratching. Diagnosis is usually made through visual identification of lice or nits on the body or clothing. Treatment typically involves topical medications, such as shampoos, creams, or lotions, and thorough cleaning of bedding, clothing, and personal items to prevent reinfestation.
Povidone-Iodine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, which is a complex of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). This complex allows for sustained release of iodine, providing persistent antimicrobial activity. It has been widely used in various clinical settings, including as a surgical scrub, wound disinfection, and skin preparation before invasive procedures. Povidone-Iodine is effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. The mechanism of action involves the release of iodine ions, which oxidize cellular components and disrupt microbial membranes, leading to cell death.
'Epidermophyton' is a genus of fungi that can cause skin and nail infections in humans. These types of infections are known as dermatophytoses or ringworm infections. The most common species that infect humans is Epidermophyton floccosum, which tends to cause infections of the feet (athlete's foot), nails, and groin (jock itch).
Epidermophyton fungi thrive on keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails. They invade the dead outer layers of the skin or nails, causing inflammation, itching, scaling, and other symptoms. The infections can be spread through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated objects like towels, shoes, or floors.
To diagnose an Epidermophyton infection, a healthcare professional may collect a sample from the affected area and examine it under a microscope for the presence of fungal elements. The diagnosis can also be confirmed through culture methods, where the sample is grown on specialized media to identify the specific fungal species.
Treatment for Epidermophyton infections typically involves topical or oral antifungal medications, depending on the severity and location of the infection. Preventive measures such as keeping the skin clean and dry, avoiding sharing personal items, and wearing breathable footwear can help reduce the risk of contracting and spreading these types of infections.
Alopecia is a medical term that refers to the loss of hair or baldness. It can occur in various parts of the body, but it's most commonly used to describe hair loss from the scalp. Alopecia can have several causes, including genetics, hormonal changes, medical conditions, and aging.
There are different types of alopecia, such as:
* Alopecia Areata: It is a condition that causes round patches of hair loss on the scalp or other parts of the body. The immune system attacks the hair follicles, causing the hair to fall out.
* Androgenetic Alopecia: Also known as male pattern baldness or female pattern baldness, it's a genetic condition that causes gradual hair thinning and eventual hair loss, typically following a specific pattern.
* Telogen Effluvium: It is a temporary hair loss condition caused by stress, medication, pregnancy, or other factors that can cause the hair follicles to enter a resting phase, leading to shedding and thinning of the hair.
The treatment for alopecia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, such as with telogen effluvium, hair growth may resume without any treatment. However, other forms of alopecia may require medical intervention, including topical treatments, oral medications, or even hair transplant surgery in severe cases.
Onychomycosis is a medical term that refers to a fungal infection in the nails (both fingernails and toenails). This condition occurs when fungi, usually dermatophytes, invade the nail bed and cause damage to the nail plate. It can lead to symptoms such as discoloration, thickening, crumbling, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Onychomycosis can be challenging to treat and may require long-term antifungal therapy, either topical or oral, or even removal of the infected nail in severe cases.
Antifungal agents are a type of medication used to treat and prevent fungal infections. These agents work by targeting and disrupting the growth of fungi, which include yeasts, molds, and other types of fungi that can cause illness in humans.
There are several different classes of antifungal agents, including:
1. Azoles: These agents work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. Examples of azole antifungals include fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole.
2. Echinocandins: These agents target the fungal cell wall, disrupting its synthesis and leading to fungal cell death. Examples of echinocandins include caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin.
3. Polyenes: These agents bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, creating pores that lead to fungal cell death. Examples of polyene antifungals include amphotericin B and nystatin.
4. Allylamines: These agents inhibit squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in ergosterol synthesis. Examples of allylamine antifungals include terbinafine and naftifine.
5. Griseofulvin: This agent disrupts fungal cell division by binding to tubulin, a protein involved in fungal cell mitosis.
Antifungal agents can be administered topically, orally, or intravenously, depending on the severity and location of the infection. It is important to use antifungal agents only as directed by a healthcare professional, as misuse or overuse can lead to resistance and make treatment more difficult.
Neck muscles, also known as cervical muscles, are a group of muscles that provide movement, support, and stability to the neck region. They are responsible for various functions such as flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending of the head and neck. The main neck muscles include:
1. Sternocleidomastoid: This muscle is located on either side of the neck and is responsible for rotating and flexing the head. It also helps in tilting the head to the same side.
2. Trapezius: This large, flat muscle covers the back of the neck, shoulders, and upper back. It is involved in movements like shrugging the shoulders, rotating and extending the head, and stabilizing the scapula (shoulder blade).
3. Scalenes: These three pairs of muscles are located on the side of the neck and assist in flexing, rotating, and laterally bending the neck. They also help with breathing by elevating the first two ribs during inspiration.
4. Suboccipitals: These four small muscles are located at the base of the skull and are responsible for fine movements of the head, such as tilting and rotating.
5. Longus Colli and Longus Capitis: These muscles are deep neck flexors that help with flexing the head and neck forward.
6. Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis: These muscles are located at the back of the neck and assist in extending, rotating, and laterally bending the head and neck.
7. Levator Scapulae: This muscle is located at the side and back of the neck, connecting the cervical vertebrae to the scapula. It helps with rotation, extension, and elevation of the head and scapula.
Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other animals. Many species of Staphylococcus can cause infections in humans, but the most notable is Staphylococcus aureus, which is responsible for a wide range of illnesses, from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, endocarditis, and sepsis.
Staphylococcus species are non-motile, non-spore forming, and typically occur in grape-like clusters when viewed under a microscope. They can be coagulase-positive or coagulase-negative, with S. aureus being the most well-known coagulase-positive species. Coagulase is an enzyme that causes the clotting of plasma, and its presence is often used to differentiate S. aureus from other Staphylococcus species.
These bacteria are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics, including penicillin, due to the production of beta-lactamases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a particularly problematic strain that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics and can cause severe, difficult-to-treat infections.
Proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and environmental cleaning are crucial measures for preventing the spread of Staphylococcus in healthcare settings and the community.
Tinea capitis
Microsporum audouinii
Trichophyton tonsurans
Kerion
Ringworm affair
Blacklight
Griseofulvin
Tinea corporis
List of types of tinea
Trichophyton
Microsporum nanum
Microsporum fulvum
Microsporum gallinae
Pityriasis amiantacea
Microsporum gypseum
Dermatoscopy
David Gruby
Id reaction
Selenium disulfide
Microsporum canis
Chaim Sheba
Lorraine Friedman
JournalReview.org
KOH test
Trichophyton rubrum
Non scarring hair loss
Terbinafine
Dermatophyte
Elaine Ron
Microsporum
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Lamisil Oral Granules (Terbinafine Hydrochloride): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Corporis10
- Clinically, the conditions include tinea capitis, tinea favosa (favus resulting from infection by Trichophyton schoenleinii ), tinea corporis (ringworm of glabrous skin), tinea imbricata (ringworm resulting from infection by Trichophyton concentricum ), tinea cruris (ringworm of the groin), tinea unguium or onychomycosis (ringworm of the nail), tinea pedis (ringworm of the feet), tinea barbae (ringworm of the beard), and tinea manuum (ringworm of the hand). (medscape.com)
- Ringworm, also known as tinea corporis, is a skin condition that can closely resemble nummular eczema. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Tinea corporis and tinea cruris can usually be treated with topical antifungal products. (cdc.gov)
- Tinea corporis is a superficial dermatophyte infection characterized by either inflammatory or noninflammatory lesions on the glabrous skin (ie, skin regions other than the scalp, groin, palms, and soles). (medscape.com)
- This variant of tinea corporis is a fungal infection of the hair, hair follicles, and, often, surrounding dermis. (medscape.com)
- Another variant of tinea corporis, this form is found mainly in Southeast Asia, the South Pacific, Central America, and South America. (medscape.com)
- This is tinea corporis with an altered, nonclassic presentation due to corticosteroid treatment. (medscape.com)
- A potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination of skin scrapings, used to visualize fungal elements removed from the skin's stratum corneum, may be diagnostic in tinea corporis. (medscape.com)
- For atypical presentations of tinea corporis, further evaluation for HIV infection and/or an immunocompromised state should be considered. (medscape.com)
- A skin biopsy specimen with hematoxylin and eosin staining of tinea corporis demonstrates spongiosis, parakeratosis, and a superficial inflammatory infiltrate. (medscape.com)
Unguium5
- Lamisil (terbinafine hydrochloride) Tablets are indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (tinea unguium). (rxlist.com)
- Get information about the treatment of tinea unguium . (cdc.gov)
- The toenails may also be affected ( tinea unguium ). (mhmedical.com)
- T. tonsurans infection of a nail (tinea unguium). (edu.au)
- Athlete's Foot or tinea pedis, and fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis or tinea unguium. (cdc.gov)
Pedis4
- Chronic or extensive tinea pedis may require treatment with systemic antifungal agents such as terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole. (cdc.gov)
- 6 In addition, chronic tinea pedis may require adjunctive therapy such as foot powder or talcum powder to prevent skin maceration. (cdc.gov)
- Tinea pedis , or "athlete's foot," consists of erythema and scaling of the sole and interdigital spaces, frequently with maceration, vesiculation, and fissure formation. (mhmedical.com)
- Tinea Manuum and Tinea Pedis. (mhmedical.com)
Cruris3
- 6 Patients who have tinea cruris should be advised to keep the groin area clean and dry and to wear cotton underwear. (cdc.gov)
- Tinea cruris , or "jock itch," is a pruritic dermatophytosis of the intertriginous areas, usually, but not always, sparing the penis and scrotum. (mhmedical.com)
- if it's on the groin, it's known as tinea cruris. (cdc.gov)
Trichophyton5
- Tinea capitis is caused by fungi of species of genera Trichophyton and Microsporum . (medscape.com)
- In the United States, tinea capitis is primarily caused by the fungus Trichophyton tonsurans . (msdmanuals.com)
- Tinea Capitis infection may be rising in Jamaica with a preponderance of Trichophyton tonsurans infection. (uwi.edu)
- Antifungal resistant Trichophyton rubrum and Tinea indotineae are emerging global public health concerns. (cdc.gov)
- BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis, a fungal infection of the scalp, is of increasing public health importance, and Trichophyton tonsurans has become the primary causative agent in North America. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
Type of tinea capitis1
- Approximately 50 years later, in Sabouraud's dissertation, the endothrix type of tinea capitis infection was demonstrated, and it was known that multiple species of fungi cause the disease. (medscape.com)
Pattern of tinea capitis1
- The aim of the study is to obtain a general overview of the current state and changing pattern of tinea capitis in Europe. (unboundmedicine.com)
Incidence of tinea capitis2
- In the United States and other regions of the world, the incidence of tinea capitis is increasing. (medscape.com)
- According to the literature, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of tinea capitis and a change in the pattern of infectious agents in particular. (unboundmedicine.com)
Presentation of tinea capitis2
- Clinical presentation of tinea capitis varies from a scaly noninflamed dermatosis resembling seborrheic dermatitis to an inflammatory disease with scaly erythematous lesions and hair loss or alopecia that may progress to severely inflamed deep abscesses termed kerion, with the potential for scarring and permanent alopecia. (medscape.com)
- The target population will be individuals, primarily disadvantaged children, with a clinical presentation of tinea capitis. (unr.edu)
Dermatophytes2
- At least eight species of dermatophytes are associated with tinea capitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Causative agents of tinea capitis include keratinophilic fungi termed dermatophytes. (medscape.com)
Fungus3
- Tinea capitis is caused by a fungus. (denverhealth.org)
- Tinea capitis is very easily spread through the intermediary of objects that have been exposed to dermatophyte fungus, or direct contact with infected animals or people. (healthbeautyidea.com)
- Tinea capitis is an infectious disease caused by dermatophyte fungus on the outer layer of the scalp and hair shaft. (healthbeautyidea.com)
Dermatophyte9
- Tinea capitis is the most common pediatric dermatophyte infection worldwide. (medscape.com)
- Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) is the most common dermatophyte infection of the scalp affecting mainly children and rarely adults. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Microsporum canis, a zoophilic dermatophyte, is still the most common reported causative agent of tinea capitis in Europe. (unboundmedicine.com)
- AU - Ginter-Hanselmayer,Gabriele, AU - Weger,Wolfgang, AU - Ilkit,Marcit, AU - Smolle,Josef, PY - 2007/8/8/pubmed PY - 2007/10/24/medline PY - 2007/8/8/entrez SP - 6 EP - 13 JF - Mycoses JO - Mycoses VL - 50 Suppl 2 N2 - Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) is the most common dermatophyte infection of the scalp affecting mainly children and rarely adults. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) is a fungal dermatophyte infection of scalp hair follicles and surrounding skin that afflicts 3-8% of the U.S. pediatric population. (unr.edu)
- Tinea capitis is a disease caused by dermatophyte fungal infections of the scalp and hair shaft. (healthbeautyidea.com)
- In addition to direct transmission, tinea capitis can also be transmitted indirectly, that is, when we touch the surface of objects containing dermatophyte fungi because it has previously been touched by the patient or animal carrier of this disease. (healthbeautyidea.com)
- Ringworm, also called "tinea" or "dermatophytosis," is a common infection of the epidermis (skin, hair, or nails) caused by dermatophyte molds. (cdc.gov)
- Tinea faciale (dermatophyte infection of the facial skin) commonly appears as a well-circumscribed scaling and erythematous patch. (mhmedical.com)
Griseofulvin1
- Effective treatment of tinea capitis by griseofulvin became available in the 1950s. (medscape.com)
Athlete's1
- Tinea capitis is comparable to athlete's foot, and a doctor will treat it with an oral, anti-fungal medication. (matrix.com)
Infection of the scalp1
- Tinea capitis is infection of the scalp, and tinea faciei is actually infection of the face. (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis4
- Unfortunately, the diagnosis of tinea capitis is currently dependent on culture and microscopy. (unr.edu)
- Grant support: Studies at UNR are supported by a subcontract from DxDiscovery, Inc., a UNR startup company that has received a Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) NIH grant (1R43EB023408), Point-of-care immunoassay for rapid diagnosis of tinea capitis, 2016-2018. (unr.edu)
- What is diagnosis of tinea capitis? (healthbeautyidea.com)
- 6-7 Clinicians should generally confirm the diagnosis of tinea capitis using a laboratory test. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms3
- What are the symptoms of tinea capitis? (draxe.com)
- Symptoms of tinea capitis include a dry patch of scale, a patch of hair loss, or both on the scalp. (msdmanuals.com)
- In addition, tinea captis can also be accompanied by symptoms of swelling of the lymph nodes at the back of the neck, and a mild fever. (healthbeautyidea.com)
Cutaneous fungal infection2
- Tinea capitis (also known as "herpes tonsurans", "ringworm of the hair", "ringworm of the scalp", "scalp ringworm", and "tinea tonsurans") is a cutaneous fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the scalp. (wikipedia.org)
- Tinea Capitis is a cutaneous fungal infection of scalp, also known as ringworm of hair. (hpathy.com)
Manuum2
- B) case-patient 2, with tinea manuum. (cdc.gov)
- Tinea manuum (hands) presents with long-term scaling of the palms. (mhmedical.com)
Highly contagious2
- Tinea capitis and all other forms of ringworm are highly contagious. (draxe.com)
- Tinea capitis is highly contagious and is common among children. (msdmanuals.com)
Infections3
- The causative agents of tinea infections of the beard and scalp were described first by Remak and Schönlein, then by Gruby, during the 1830s. (medscape.com)
- Overview of Dermatophytoses (Ringworm, Tinea) Dermatophytoses are fungal infections of the skin and nails caused by several different fungi and classified by the location on the body. (msdmanuals.com)
- The results are unsightly and common infections of the skin, hair, and nails known popularly as ringworm and more precisely as tinea . (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
Fungi2
Kerion1
- 2 ) These scaly patches, known medically as tinea capitis kerion, are severely itchy and may also be tender to the touch. (draxe.com)
Herpes tonsurans1
- Also known as tinea tonsurans, herpes tonsurans, scalp ringworm and hair ringworm, this problem can be both painful and embarrassing. (draxe.com)
20201
- Retrieved October 21, 2020, from https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/tinea-capitis The infection attacks the shafts of hair, causing them to become brittle and break off. (10faq.com)
Oral antifungal1
- Treatment for tinea capitis requires a prolonged (weeks) treatment with oral antifungal agents, which raises issues of patient compliance, side effects of systemic antifungals, and active antifungal stewardship. (unr.edu)
Clinical1
- Objectives This phase II randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed at testing the efficacy and safety of a three-week squalamine ointment regimen for the treatment of tinea capitis. (hal.science)
Treatment31
- The main treatment for tinea capitis is antifungal medicine taken by mouth. (denverhealth.org)
- In children, treatment of tinea capitis involves an antifungal medication called terbinafine taken by mouth. (msdmanuals.com)
- Getting treatment for tinea capitis is not a problem in Mumbai, India. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- That is why if you are suffering from this condition, you should get treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India as soon as possible. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- So why should you get treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India? (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Well, because if you don't get treatment for tinea capitis in India, this fungal infection can get uncomfortable in no time and it can disrupt the quality of your life. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Getting treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India as soon as possible is essential for your peace of mind. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Before starting on treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India, it is a good thing to know the underlying causes responsible for it. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- You are more likely to be looking for treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India if you have a minor scalp or skin injuries, sweat a lot or do not take a shower for a few days at a time. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Another thing to know about treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India is that it spreads pretty easily and therefore you should be getting treatment as fast as you can before it spreads more. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Of course, one can avail of treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India at any age but the truth is that this is a condition that mostly affects kids or children. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Also, another thing you should know about treatment for tinea capitis is that prevention is better than cure. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- So if you come in physical contact with a person who has ringworm and is getting treatment for tinea capitis in India, especially on the affected area, chances are that you will get the condition. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- So expect the first thing the doctor to tell you about treatment for tinea capitis in India is to stay away from people who have ringworm and is getting treatment for tinea capitis in India. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Getting treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India will involve you seeking the best doctor for hair problems and treatment for tinea capitis in India. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Of course, you will find there are lots of doctors who will be offering treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India but the trick is to find someone who knows what he is doing and has adequate experience with treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- So take your time to find someone with hands' on experience and expertise on treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- When you spend a little time looking for specialist in treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India, you ensure that your treatment for tinea capitis is more effective. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- So what does treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai involve? (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- The first best treatment for tinea capitis your doctor will prescribe is probably an oral drug that will treat the ringworm on your scalp. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- The best treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India will continue for at least a couple of months before you start seeing results. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- However, apart from what the doctor prescribes you for the best treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, India, you should also do a few things at home that will help you get rid of the fungal infection quicker and bring more success to treatment for tinea capitis. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- For the best treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, you need to make sure that the affected area is always clean. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Your doctor will prescribe you a shampoo for best treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- It is important that you know that shampooing for the best treatment for tinea capitis is only to not let the ringworm spread. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- When you are getting the best treatment for tinea capitis in Mumbai, it is a good idea to get your family checked as well for the disease. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- As said before, prevention is better than cure for treatment for tinea capitis. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- It is in your best interests to look for a suitable skin specialist for the best treatment for tinea capitis. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- This is because no matter how much you shampoo, best treatment for tinea capitis requires a more professional touch. (hairtreatmentmumbai.com)
- Treatment with systemic antifungal medication is required , as topical antifungal products are ineffective for treatment of tinea capitis. (cdc.gov)
- 6 Terbinafine is also FDA-approved for the treatment of tinea capitis in patients four years of age and older. (cdc.gov)
Microsporosis1
- Gray-patch ringworm (microsporosis) is an ectothrix infection or prepubertal tinea capitis seen here in an African American male child. (medscape.com)
Epilation1
- 1986. Followup studies of patients treated by epilation for tinea capitis. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiology2
- The epidemiology of tinea capitis varies within different geographical areas throughout the world. (unboundmedicine.com)
- TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Europe: current state and changing patterns. (unboundmedicine.com)
Superficial1
- Tinea capitis is a disease caused by superficial fungal infection of the skin of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, with a propensity for attacking hair shafts and follicles (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Scalp health2
- In most cases, your doctor or dermatologist can quickly and easily diagnose tinea capitis simply by reviewing your scalp health, observing any bald patches in your hair, and looking for the telltale lesions and ring patterns on your skin surface. (draxe.com)
- Discover coping strategies for tinea capitis, from daily routines to treatments, for lasting scalp health. (focusmediaconcepts.com)
Dandruff1
- Tinea capitis may sometimes cause flaking that resembles dandruff. (msdmanuals.com)
Adults3
- Uncommon in adults, tinea capitis is predominantly seen in pre-pubertal children, more often boys than girls. (wikipedia.org)
- Children (aged 3-7 years with no predilection of gender) remain the most commonly affected, but recently an increase of tinea capitis has been observed in adults and in the elderly. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Adults only need to wash with the shampoo if they have signs of tinea capitis or ringworm. (medlineplus.gov)
Treatments1
- Background Novel treatments against for tinea capitis are needed, and the natural aminosterol squal-amine is a potential topical antidermatophyte drug candidate. (hal.science)
Commonly2
- While it's commonly referred to as a form of ringworm , tinea capitis is not caused by a worm. (draxe.com)
- Tinea capitis is commonly known as "ringworm. (foundhair.com)
Hair2
- If you look at tinea capitis pictures or the bare skin revealed during hair loss, circular rings may appear on the skin - hence the name "ringworm. (draxe.com)
- Conclusion: Scalp dermoscopy or "trichoscopy" represents a valuable, noninvasive technique for the evaluation of patients with hair loss due to tenia capitis. (unair.ac.id)
Common5
- Tinea capitis is more common in children 3 to 7 years old. (denverhealth.org)
- The most common symptom of tinea capitis are itchy, crusty lesions on the surface of your scalp. (draxe.com)
- 7 ) Tinea capitis is most common in children, especially prepubescent children ages 3-7. (draxe.com)
- Tinea capitis is the most common fungal infection in children. (unair.ac.id)
- A common cause of tinea capitis in the Indigenous Australian and in the African-American populations. (edu.au)
Contagious1
- Is tinea capitis contagious? (draxe.com)
Skin2
- The term ringworm referred to skin diseases that assumed a ring form, including tinea. (medscape.com)
- A person can easily contract tinea capitis when in direct contact with the skin of the patient. (healthbeautyidea.com)