One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.
The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.
The collective tissues from which an entire tooth is formed, including the DENTAL SAC; ENAMEL ORGAN; and DENTAL PAPILLA. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
The teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth.
The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)
The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)
The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
An extra tooth, erupted or unerupted, resembling or unlike the other teeth in the group to which it belongs. Its presence may cause malposition of adjacent teeth or prevent their eruption.
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth.
Loss of the tooth substance by chemical or mechanical processes
The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A tooth from which the dental pulp has been removed or is necrotic. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)
A tooth that is prevented from erupting by a physical barrier, usually other teeth. Impaction may also result from orientation of the tooth in an other than vertical position in the periodontal structures.
Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)
A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group.
Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)
The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS).
The constricted part of the tooth at the junction of the crown and root or roots. It is often referred to as the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), the line at which the cementum covering the root of a tooth and the enamel of the tooth meet. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p530, p433)
A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
Physiologic loss of the primary dentition. (Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Partial or complete displacement of a tooth from its alveolar support. It is commonly the result of trauma. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p312)
Two teeth united during development by the union of their tooth germs; the teeth may be joined by the enamel of their crowns, by their root dentin, or by both.
The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)
'Tooth diseases' is a broad term referring to various conditions affecting the teeth, including dental caries (cavities), periodontal disease (gum disease), tooth wear, tooth sensitivity, oral cancer, and developmental anomalies, which can result in pain, discomfort, or loss of teeth if left untreated.
The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the development of bones and teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p43)
One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and the molars (MOLAR), serving for grinding and crushing food. The upper have two cusps (bicuspid) but the lower have one to three. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p822)
Solid fixation of a tooth resulting from fusion of the cementum and alveolar bone, with obliteration of the periodontal ligament. It is uncommon in the deciduous dentition and very rare in permanent teeth. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
A richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity of a tooth and delimited by the dentin, and having formative, nutritive, sensory, and protective functions. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)
A hollow part of the alveolar process of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE where each tooth fits and is attached via the periodontal ligament.
Reinsertion of a tooth into the alveolus from which it was removed or otherwise lost.
One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.
The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.
The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. Dentition referring to the deciduous teeth is DENTITION, PRIMARY; to the permanent teeth, DENTITION, PERMANENT. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
A treatment modality in endodontics concerned with the therapy of diseases of the dental pulp. For preparatory procedures, ROOT CANAL PREPARATION is available.
Measurement of tooth characteristics.
The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.
A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.
The 32 teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
A restoration designed to remain in service for not less than 20 to 30 years, usually made of gold casting, cohesive gold, or amalgam. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The selected form given to a natural tooth when it is reduced by instrumentation to receive a prosthesis (e.g., artificial crown or a retainer for a fixed or removable prosthesis). The selection of the form is guided by clinical circumstances and physical properties of the materials that make up the prosthesis. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239)
The fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE surrounding the TOOTH ROOT, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS).
The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.
A means of identifying the age of an animal or human through tooth examination.
The bonelike rigid connective tissue covering the root of a tooth from the cementoenamel junction to the apex and lining the apex of the root canal, also assisting in tooth support by serving as attachment structures for the periodontal ligament. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Odontoblasts are columnar, highly differentiated, dentin-forming cells that originate from the ectodermal neural crest and reside within the pulp cavity of teeth, characterized by their production and secretion of the organic matrix component of dentin during amelogenesis.
Cylindrical epithelial cells in the innermost layer of the ENAMEL ORGAN. Their functions include contribution to the development of the dentinoenamel junction by the deposition of a layer of the matrix, thus producing the foundation for the prisms (the structural units of the DENTAL ENAMEL), and production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismatic substance. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.
Death of pulp tissue with or without bacterial invasion. When the necrosis is due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, it is referred to as pulp gangrene. When the necrosis is non-bacterial in origin, it is called pulp mummification.
Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth.
Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.
Extraoral body-section radiography depicting an entire maxilla, or both maxilla and mandible, on a single film.
Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.
The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.
The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.
An operation in which carious material is removed from teeth and biomechanically correct forms are established in the teeth to receive and retain restorations. A constant requirement is provision for prevention of failure of the restoration through recurrence of decay or inadequate resistance to applied stresses. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239-40)
Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.
Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry.
The proteins that are part of the dental enamel matrix.
An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.
An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.
The relationship of all the components of the masticatory system in normal function. It has special reference to the position and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth for the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556, p472)
Epithelial cells surrounding the dental papilla and differentiated into three layers: the inner enamel epithelium, consisting of ameloblasts which eventually form the enamel, and the enamel pulp and external enamel epithelium, both of which atrophy and disappear before and upon eruption of the tooth, respectively.
The practice of personal hygiene of the mouth. It includes the maintenance of oral cleanliness, tissue tone, and general preservation of oral health.
An adhesion procedure for orthodontic attachments, such as plastic DENTAL CROWNS. This process usually includes the application of an adhesive material (DENTAL CEMENTS) and letting it harden in-place by light or chemical curing.
The aftermost permanent tooth on each side in the maxilla and mandible.
Use of a metal casting, usually with a post in the pulp or root canal, designed to support and retain an artificial crown.
Dental procedure in which the entire pulp chamber is removed from the crown and roots of a tooth.
Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.
Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc.
The structures surrounding and supporting the tooth. Periodontium includes the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.
Mesodermal tissue enclosed in the invaginated portion of the epithelial enamel organ and giving rise to the dentin and pulp.
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.
"Decayed, missing and filled teeth," a routinely used statistical concept in dentistry.
Inability or inadequacy of a dental restoration or prosthesis to perform as expected.
Materials placed inside a root canal for the purpose of obturating or sealing it. The materials may be gutta-percha, silver cones, paste mixtures, or other substances. (Dorland, 28th ed, p631 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p187)
Dental cements composed either of polymethyl methacrylate or dimethacrylate, produced by mixing an acrylic monomer liquid with acrylic polymers and mineral fillers. The cement is insoluble in water and is thus resistant to fluids in the mouth, but is also irritating to the dental pulp. It is used chiefly as a luting agent for fabricated and temporary restorations. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p159)
Migration of the teeth toward the midline or forward in the DENTAL ARCH. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.
The plan, delineation, and location of actual structural elements of dentures. The design can relate to retainers, stress-breakers, occlusal rests, flanges, framework, lingual or palatal bars, reciprocal arms, etc.
Preparatory activities in ROOT CANAL THERAPY by partial or complete extirpation of diseased pulp, cleaning and sterilization of the empty canal, enlarging and shaping the canal to receive the sealing material. The cavity may be prepared by mechanical, sonic, chemical, or other means. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1700)
A partial denture designed and constructed to be removed readily from the mouth.
An artificial replacement for one or more natural teeth or part of a tooth, or associated structures, ranging from a portion of a tooth to a complete denture. The dental prosthesis is used for cosmetic or functional reasons, or both. DENTURES and specific types of dentures are also available. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p244 & Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p643)
The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.
Phase of endodontic treatment in which a root canal system that has been cleaned is filled through use of special materials and techniques in order to prevent reinfection.
Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.
The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth.
Substances used to bond COMPOSITE RESINS to DENTAL ENAMEL and DENTIN. These bonding or luting agents are used in restorative dentistry, ROOT CANAL THERAPY; PROSTHODONTICS; and ORTHODONTICS.
Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)
A homeodomain protein that interacts with TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN. It represses GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES and plays a critical role in ODONTOGENESIS.
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.
The application of dental knowledge to questions of law.
Dense fibrous layer formed from mesodermal tissue that surrounds the epithelial enamel organ. The cells eventually migrate to the external surface of the newly formed root dentin and give rise to the cementoblasts that deposit cementum on the developing root, fibroblasts of the developing periodontal ligament, and osteoblasts of the developing alveolar bone.
Technique involving the passage of X-rays through oral structures to create a film record while a central tab or wing of dental X-ray film is being held between upper and lower teeth.
Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT.
Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
A major dental enamel-forming protein found in mammals. In humans the protein is encoded by GENES found on both the X CHROMOSOME and the Y CHROMOSOME.
A paired box transcription factor that is involved in ODONTOGENESIS.
The curve formed by the row of TEETH in their normal position in the JAW. The inferior dental arch is formed by the mandibular teeth, and the superior dental arch by the maxillary teeth.
A partial denture attached to prepared natural teeth, roots, or implants by cementation.
Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.
The plan and delineation of dental prostheses in general or a specific dental prosthesis. It does not include DENTURE DESIGN. The framework usually consists of metal.
A numerical rating scale for classifying the periodontal status of a person or population with a single figure which takes into consideration prevalence as well as severity of the condition. It is based upon probe measurement of periodontal pockets and on gingival tissue status.
Photographic techniques used in ORTHODONTICS; DENTAL ESTHETICS; and patient education.
Dentin sensitivity is a short, sharp pain originating from exposed dentin in response to stimuli, typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic, or chemical changes in the oral environment.
An alloy used in restorative dentistry that contains mercury, silver, tin, copper, and possibly zinc.
Small metal or ceramic attachments used to fasten an arch wire. These attachments are soldered or welded to an orthodontic band or cemented directly onto the teeth. Bowles brackets, edgewise brackets, multiphase brackets, ribbon arch brackets, twin-wire brackets, and universal brackets are all types of orthodontic brackets.
A polymer obtained by reacting polyacrylic acid with a special anion-leachable glass (alumino-silicate). The resulting cement is more durable and tougher than others in that the materials comprising the polymer backbone do not leach out.
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.
A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.
Skills, techniques, standards, and principles used to improve the art and symmetry of the teeth and face to improve the appearance as well as the function of the teeth, mouth, and face. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p108)
Restorations of metal, porcelain, or plastic made to fit a cavity preparation, then cemented into the tooth. Onlays are restorations which fit into cavity preparations and overlay the occlusal surface of a tooth or teeth. Onlays are retained by frictional or mechanical factors.
Preparation of TOOTH surfaces and DENTAL MATERIALS with etching agents, usually phosphoric acid, to roughen the surface to increase adhesion or osteointegration.
Fixed or removable devices that join teeth together. They are used to repair teeth that are mobile as a result of PERIODONTITIS.
Coagulated exudate isolated from several species of the tropical tree Palaquium (Sapotaceae). It is the trans-isomer of natural rubber and is used as a filling and impression material in dentistry and orthopedics and as an insulator in electronics. It has also been used as a rubber substitute.
Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Tissue surrounding the apex of a tooth, including the apical portion of the periodontal membrane and alveolar bone.
Agents used to occlude dental enamel pits and fissures in the prevention of dental caries.
Cements that act through infiltration and polymerization within the dentinal matrix and are used for dental restoration. They can be adhesive resins themselves, adhesion-promoting monomers, or polymerization initiators that act in concert with other agents to form a dentin-bonding system.
The formation of dentin. Dentin first appears in the layer between the ameloblasts and odontoblasts and becomes calcified immediately. Formation progresses from the tip of the papilla over its slope to form a calcified cap becoming thicker by the apposition of new layers pulpward. A layer of uncalcified dentin intervenes between the calcified tissue and the odontoblast and its processes. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
The phase of orthodontics concerned with the correction of malocclusion with proper appliances and prevention of its sequelae (Jablonski's Illus. Dictionary of Dentistry).
Orthodontic movement in the coronal direction achieved by outward tension on the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. It does not include the operative procedure that CROWN LENGTHENING involves.
A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.
A dental specialty concerned with the maintenance of the dental pulp in a state of health and the treatment of the pulp cavity (pulp chamber and pulp canal).
The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.
An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.
Dental procedure in which part of the pulp chamber is removed from the crown of a tooth.
A type of porcelain used in dental restorations, either jacket crowns or inlays, artificial teeth, or metal-ceramic crowns. It is essentially a mixture of particles of feldspar and quartz, the feldspar melting first and providing a glass matrix for the quartz. Dental porcelain is produced by mixing ceramic powder (a mixture of quartz, kaolin, pigments, opacifiers, a suitable flux, and other substances) with distilled water. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth.
Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE.
A rapid, low-dose, digital imaging system using a small intraoral sensor instead of radiographic film, an intensifying screen, and a charge-coupled device. It presents the possibility of reduced patient exposure and minimal distortion, although resolution and latitude are inferior to standard dental radiography. A receiver is placed in the mouth, routing signals to a computer which images the signals on a screen or in print. It includes digitizing from x-ray film or any other detector. (From MEDLINE abstracts; personal communication from Dr. Charles Berthold, NIDR)
A commonly used prosthesis that results in a strong, permanent restoration. It consists of an electrolytically etched cast-metal retainer that is cemented (bonded), using resins, to adjacent teeth whose enamel was previously acid-treated (acid-etched). This type of bridgework is sometimes referred to as a Maryland bridge.
The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)
Radiographic techniques used in dentistry.
Acrylic resins, also known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), are a type of synthetic resin formed from polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers, used in various medical applications such as dental restorations, orthopedic implants, and ophthalmic lenses due to their biocompatibility, durability, and transparency.
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
A prosthesis or restoration placed for a limited period, from several days to several months, which is designed to seal the tooth and maintain its position until a permanent restoration (DENTAL RESTORATION, PERMANENT) will replace it. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.
Natural teeth or teeth roots used as anchorage for a fixed or removable denture or other prosthesis (such as an implant) serving the same purpose.
Polymeric resins derived from OXIRANES and characterized by strength and thermosetting properties. Epoxy resins are often used as dental materials.
The degree of approximation or fit of filling material or dental prosthetic to the tooth surface. A close marginal adaptation and seal at the interface is important for successful dental restorations.
A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
An appliance used as an artificial or prosthetic replacement for missing teeth and adjacent tissues. It does not include CROWNS; DENTAL ABUTMENTS; nor TOOTH, ARTIFICIAL.
Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric acids are listed under ORGANOPHOSPHATES.
Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.
Dentifrices that are formulated into a paste form. They typically contain abrasives, HUMECTANTS; DETERGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; and CARIOSTATIC AGENTS.
It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)
An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva.
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.
General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.
A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)
Hand-held tools or implements especially used by dental professionals for the performance of clinical tasks.
The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).
Diagnostic tests conducted in order to measure the increment of active DENTAL CARIES over a period of time.
Loss or destruction of periodontal tissue caused by periodontitis or other destructive periodontal diseases or by injury during instrumentation. Attachment refers to the periodontal ligament which attaches to the alveolar bone. It has been hypothesized that treatment of the underlying periodontal disease and the seeding of periodontal ligament cells enable the creating of new attachment.
Fluorides, usually in pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of DENTAL CARIES.
Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.
A dental specialty concerned with the prevention and correction of dental and oral anomalies (malocclusion).
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.
Endodontic procedure performed to induce TOOTH APEX barrier development. ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIALS are used to repair open apex or DENTAL PULP NECROSIS in an immature tooth. CALCIUM HYDROXIDE and mineral trioxide aggregate are commonly used as the filling materials.
A mixed tumor of odontogenic origin, in which both the epithelial and mesenchymal cells exhibit complete differentiation, resulting in the formation of tooth structures. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
Any preparations used for cleansing teeth; they usually contain an abrasive, detergent, binder and flavoring agent and may exist in the form of liquid, paste or powder; may also contain medicaments and caries preventives.
Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth.
Occlusal wear of the surfaces of restorations and surface wear of dentures.
Used as a dental cement this is mainly zinc oxide (with strengtheners and accelerators) and eugenol. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)
The property of dental enamel to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, mineral ions and other substances. It does not include the penetration of the dental enamel by microorganisms.
The internal resistance of a material to moving some parts of it parallel to a fixed plane, in contrast to stretching (TENSILE STRENGTH) or compression (COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH). Ionic crystals are brittle because, when subjected to shear, ions of the same charge are brought next to each other, which causes repulsion.
X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.
The susceptibility of the DENTAL ENAMEL to dissolution.
Application of a protective agent to an exposed pulp (direct capping) or the remaining thin layer of dentin over a nearly exposed pulp (indirect capping) in order to allow the pulp to recover and maintain its normal vitality and function.
Investigations conducted on the physical health of teeth involving use of a tool that transmits hot or cold electric currents on a tooth's surface that can determine problems with that tooth based on reactions to the currents.
A prosthesis that gains its support, stability, and retention from a substructure that is implanted under the soft tissues of the basal seat of the device and is in contact with bone. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
A ectodysplasin receptor subtype that is specific for ECTODYSPLASIN A1. It signals via the specific signaling adaptor EDAR-ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. Loss of function of the edar receptor is associated with AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA and ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 3, ANHIDROTIC.
Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.
The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.
The predisposition to tooth decay (DENTAL CARIES).
A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.
A denture replacing all natural teeth and associated structures in both the maxilla and mandible.
The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.
Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A fluid occurring in minute amounts in the gingival crevice, believed by some authorities to be an inflammatory exudate and by others to cleanse material from the crevice, containing sticky plasma proteins which improve adhesions of the epithelial attachment, have antimicrobial properties, and exert antibody activity. (From Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
Members of the TNF receptor family that are specific for ECTODYSPLASIN. At least two subtypes of the ectodysplasin receptor exist, each being specific for a ectodysplasin isoform. Signaling through ectodysplasin receptors plays an essential role in the normal ectodermal development. Genetic defects that result in loss of ectodysplasin receptor function results ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA.
The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property.
Acute or chronic inflammation of tissues surrounding the apical portion of a tooth, associated with the collection of pus, resulting from infection following pulp infection through a carious lesion or as a result of an injury causing pulp necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Coloring, shading, or tinting of prosthetic components, devices, and materials.
'Gingival diseases' is a general term for conditions affecting the soft tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, primarily characterized by inflammation, bleeding, redness, or swelling, which can progress to periodontal disease if left untreated.
Practice of adding fluoride to water for the purpose of preventing tooth decay and cavities.
Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.
The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.
The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.
Scientific study of human skeletal remains with the express purpose of identification. This includes establishing individual identity, trauma analysis, facial reconstruction, photographic superimposition, determination of time interval since death, and crime-scene recovery. Forensic anthropologists do not certify cause of death but provide data to assist in determination of probable cause. This is a branch of the field of physical anthropology and qualified individuals are certified by the American Board of Forensic Anthropology. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1992 Jun;13(2):146)
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Arrested eruption of the permanent lower second molar. (1/242)

The incidence of retention/impaction of the permanent lower second molar (M2inf) lies between 0.6/1000 and 3/1000. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the craniofacial morphology, the frequency of dental anomalies and the inclination of the affected M2inf and the adjacent first molar in patients with arrested eruption of M2inf. The overall goal was to elucidate the aetiology of arrested tooth eruption and to present the characteristics of these patients in order to improve diagnosis and treatment planning. Radiographic material (profile radiographs and orthopantomograms) from 19 patients (nine females and 10 males; 13-19 years of age at the time of referral) were analysed. The ages of the patients when profile radiographs were taken for cephalometric analysis varied from 8 to 16 years. The study shows that this group of patients, compared with a reference group, had an increased sagittal jaw relationship (Class II). Specifically, the mandibular prognathism was less, the mandibular gonial angle smaller, the mandibular alveolar prognathism enlarged and the maxillary incisor inclination less than in the reference group. Furthermore, this group of patients had a more frequent occurrence of morphological tooth anomalies, such as root deflections, invaginations, and taurodontism. However, none of the patients with arrested eruption of M2inf had agenesis of the lower third molar. The study did not reveal an association between the degree of inclination of the M2inf and that of the first molar in the same region. The results of this investigation show that conditions such as the craniofacial morphology and deviations in the dentition are associated with arrested eruption of M2inf. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these conditions in future diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with arrested eruption of M2inf.  (+info)

Ectopic eruption of the maxillary canine quantified in three dimensions on cephalometric radiographs between the ages of 5 and 15 years. (2/242)

The eruption paths of 20 ectopic maxillary canine teeth (10 right, 10 left) were measured in three dimensions on annual lateral and depressed postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs of 15 patients between the ages of 5 and 15 years and compared with the eruption of normal canines. It was found that between the ages of 8 and 12 years ectopic canines on the left side moved more anteriorly than the normally erupting canines and the same was true of the right canines between the ages of 7 and 12 years. While the ectopic canines moved occlusally, their vertical movement was less than normal which accounts for the clinical finding that canines are impacted in the palate at a high level. The average palatally ectopic canine always moves palatally, and never shares in the buccal movement shown by normally erupting canines between the ages of 10 and 12 years. It was interesting to find that the differences between growth of normal and ectopic canines in the lateral plane of space are present as early as 5-6 years.  (+info)

Effectiveness of preoperative analgesics on postoperative dental pain: a study. (3/242)

Patients undergoing extractions of third molar teeth under general anesthesia were given a placebo, diclofenac (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) 100 mg, or methadone (an opiate) 10 mg 60 to 90 min prior to surgery, and their pain scores and postoperative medication requirements were measured for 3 days. All patients received local anesthetic blocks and analgesic drugs during the perioperative period. There were no significant differences between the three groups in the pain scores and medication requirements during the period of study. It was concluded that preoperative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opiates may not offer a preemptive analgesic effect in patients who have had adequate analgesia during the surgery. Continued use of analgesic drugs during the postoperative period is perhaps more useful for this purpose. There appears to be a higher incidence of vomiting following opiates (methadone), precluding its clinical use in day-care patients.  (+info)

The physical characteristics of neodymium iron boron magnets for tooth extrusion. (4/242)

Impaction and non-eruption of teeth is a common problem encountered in orthodontics and many techniques have been proposed for the management of this condition. It has been advocated that a system utilizing magnets would supply a continuous, directionally sensitive, extrusive force, through closed mucosa and thus provide not only a physiological sound basis for successful treatment, but also reduce the need for patient compliance and appliance adjustment. This ex vivo investigation examined in detail the physical characteristics of neodymium iron boron magnets employed in attraction in order to assess their usefulness in the clinical situation. Attractive force and magnetic flux density measurements were recorded for nine sets of magnet pairs with differing morphologies. The effect of spatial relationship on force was assessed by varying vertical, transverse and horizontal positions of the magnets relative to each other, and by altering the pole face angles. The data obtained suggest that magnets with larger pole face areas and longer magnetic axes provide the best performance with respect to clinical usefulness. It was possible to formulate a specific relationship between force and flux density for each magnet pair. This relationship can be used in the clinical management of unerupted teeth to predict the force between the magnets by measuring the magnetic flux density present at mucosal level. The results indicate that magnetic systems may, indeed, have a place in the treatment of unerupted teeth.  (+info)

The effect of tooth position on the image of unerupted canines on panoramic radiographs. (5/242)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether panoramic tomograms, which are routinely used in orthodontic practice, can provide adequate information to localize an impacted canine. The effect of changes in position and inclination of an impacted canine on orthopantomograms was investigated in an experimental set-up. An upper canine was removed from a human skull and replaced in a positioning system, enabling simulated positional variations in impactions. In comparison with the image of a contralateral well-aligned canine, the length of the impacted tooth always decreased or remained unchanged, whereas the tooth width increased or remained unchanged. The angulation of the image was unaffected by varying the position of the impacted canine, but altered when the inclination of the tooth in a sagittal or frontal direction was changed. If there was any transversal shift of the impacted canine on the orthopantomogram, it was always towards the mid-sagittal plane. The curvature of the tooth increased after dorsal inclination and decreased after ventral inclination (in comparison with the contralateral well-aligned canine).  (+info)

Radiographic factors affecting the management of impacted upper permanent canines. (6/242)

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate which radiographic factors influenced the orthodontists' decision whether to expose or remove an impacted upper permanent canine and was a retrospective, cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of all radiographic records of patients referred to the Orthodontic Department at Manchester University Dental Hospital with impacted upper permanent canines between 1994-1998 (n = 44). The following canine position measurements were made from the OPG: angulation to the midline, vertical height, antero-posterior position of the root, overlap of the adjacent incisor, and presence of root resorption of adjacent incisor(s). The labio-palatal position of the impacted canine was assessed from the lateral skull radiograph. Whether the impacted canine had been exposed and orthodontically aligned or removed was also recorded. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the labio-palatal position of the crown influenced the treatment decision, with palatally positioned impacted canines more likely to be surgically exposed and those in the line of the arch, or labially situated, removed (P < 0.05). Additionally, as the canine angulation to the midline increased, the canine was more likely to be removed (P < 0.05). The orthodontists' decision to expose or remove an impacted upper permanent canine, based on radiographic information, seems to be primarily guided by two factors: labio-palatal crown position and angulation to the midline.  (+info)

The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prophylactic removal of wisdom teeth. (7/242)

BACKGROUND: Removal of wisdom teeth is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the UK. Little controversy surrounds the removal of impacted third molars when they are associated with pathological changes such as infection, non-restorable carious lesions, cysts, tumours, and destruction of adjacent teeth and bone. However, the justification for prophylactic removal of impacted third molars is less certain and has been debated for many years. OBJECTIVES: To provide a summary of existing evidence on prophylactic removal of impacted wisdom teeth, in terms of the incidence of surgical complications associated with prophylactic removal, and the morbidity associated with retention. METHODS: A systematic review of the research literature was undertaken. METHODS - DATA SOURCES: An existing review formed the basis of this report, and additional literature searches were undertaken, including searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE, 1984-99; EMBASE, 1984-99; Science Citation Index, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, National Research Register; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness), paper sources (including Clinical Evidence), and web-based resources. Relevant organisations and professional bodies were contacted for further information. METHODS - STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected for inclusion if they met the following criteria: (1) design - randomised controlled trials (RCTs), literature reviews, or decision analyses; (2) participants - people with unerupted or impacted third molars, or those undergoing surgical removal of third molars either as prophylaxis or due to associated pathological changes; (3) reported outcomes - either the pathological changes associated with retention of third molars, or post-operative complications following extraction. There were no language restrictions on study selection. METHODS - DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data from included studies were extracted into structured tables and individual study validity was assessed against methodological checklists. Data were summarised descriptively. Decisions relating to study selection, data extraction and validity assessment were made by two independent reviewers, and disagreements were resolved by discussion. For non-English papers, translators were recruited to assist with study selection and data extraction. RESULTS: Forty studies were included in the review: two RCTs, 34 literature reviews, and four decision analysis studies. One RCT in the UK focused on the effects of retained third molars on incisor crowding (predominantly a cosmetic problem) in patients who had previously undergone orthodontic treatment. The results of this trial suggested that the removal of third molars to prevent late incisor crowding cannot be justified. Another on-going RCT in Denmark compares the effects and costs of prophylactic removal of third molars with removal according to morbidity. So far, this trial has recruited 200 participants, and preliminary results indicate that watchful waiting may be a promising strategy. However, more data and longer follow-up of patients are needed to conclude which treatment strategy is the most cost-effective. It is also known that a trial is on-going in the USA but no results are available so far. The methodological quality of the literature reviews was generally poor, and none of the reviews was systematic. Conclusions from nine reviews on anterior crowding suggested that there was only a weak association between retention of third molars and crowding. Six out of 21 reviews with a more general scope also concluded that the prophylactic removal of third molars was unjustified. Twelve general reviews did not conclude with a clear message about the management of third molars. Three reviews suggested that prophylactic removal of third molars is appropriate, but these reviews were of poorer methodological quality than the majority of other reviews. Three out of four papers focusing on surgical management expressed  (+info)

The use of gutta-percha point to locate the origin of facial sinus. (8/242)

Infection from the wisdom teeth usually causes severe swelling at the region of the angle and body of the mandible. Occasionally, it tracts outward to form a cervicofacial sinus. This paper demonstrates the use of gutta-percha point to locate the origin of a cervicofacial sinus due to an asymptomatic impacted wisdom tooth. The advantage of using gutta-percha point is discussed.  (+info)

A tooth is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (upper and lower) of many vertebrates and used for biting and chewing food. In humans, a typical tooth has a crown, one or more roots, and three layers: the enamel (the outermost layer, hardest substance in the body), the dentin (the layer beneath the enamel), and the pulp (the innermost layer, containing nerves and blood vessels). Teeth are essential for proper nutrition, speech, and aesthetics. There are different types of teeth, including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, each designed for specific functions in the mouth.

Tooth loss is the condition or process characterized by the disappearance or absence of one or more teeth from their normal position in the dental arch. This can occur due to various reasons such as tooth decay, periodontal disease (gum disease), injury, or aging. The consequences of tooth loss include difficulties in chewing, speaking, and adversely affecting the aesthetics of a person's smile, which may lead to psychological impacts. Additionally, it can cause shifting of adjacent teeth, bone resorption, and changes in the bite, potentially leading to further dental issues if not treated promptly.

A tooth germ is a small cluster of cells that eventually develop into a tooth. It contains the dental papilla, which will become the dentin and pulp of the tooth, and the dental follicle, which will form the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. The tooth germ starts as an epithelial thickening called the dental lamina, which then forms a bud, cap, and bell stage before calcification occurs and the tooth begins to erupt through the gums. It is during the bell stage that the enamel organ, which will form the enamel of the tooth, is formed.

A deciduous tooth, also known as a baby tooth or primary tooth, is a type of temporary tooth that humans and some other mammals develop during childhood. They are called "deciduous" because they are eventually shed and replaced by permanent teeth, much like how leaves on a deciduous tree fall off and are replaced by new growth.

Deciduous teeth begin to form in the womb and start to erupt through the gums when a child is around six months old. By the time a child reaches age three, they typically have a full set of 20 deciduous teeth, including incisors, canines, and molars. These teeth are smaller and less durable than permanent teeth, but they serve important functions such as helping children chew food properly, speak clearly, and maintain space in the jaw for the permanent teeth to grow into.

Deciduous teeth usually begin to fall out around age six or seven, starting with the lower central incisors. This process continues until all of the deciduous teeth have been shed, typically by age 12 or 13. At this point, the permanent teeth will have grown in and taken their place, with the exception of the wisdom teeth, which may not erupt until later in adolescence or early adulthood.

A tooth crown is a type of dental restoration that covers the entire visible portion of a tooth, restoring its shape, size, and strength. It is typically made of materials like porcelain, ceramic, or metal alloys and is custom-made to fit over the prepared tooth. The tooth crown is cemented in place and becomes the new outer surface of the tooth, protecting it from further damage or decay.

The process of getting a tooth crown usually involves two dental appointments. During the first appointment, the dentist prepares the tooth by removing any decay or damaged tissue and shaping the tooth to accommodate the crown. An impression is then taken of the prepared tooth and sent to a dental laboratory where the crown is fabricated. In the meantime, a temporary crown is placed over the prepared tooth to protect it until the permanent crown is ready. At the second appointment, the temporary crown is removed, and the permanent crown is cemented in place.

Tooth crowns are often recommended for several reasons, including:

* To restore a broken or fractured tooth
* To protect a weakened tooth from further damage or decay
* To support a large filling when there isn't enough natural tooth structure left
* To cover a dental implant
* To improve the appearance of a discolored or misshapen tooth

Overall, a tooth crown is an effective and long-lasting solution for restoring damaged or decayed teeth and improving oral health.

A tooth root is the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jawbone and cannot be seen when looking at a person's smile. It is the lower portion of a tooth that typically has a conical shape and anchors the tooth to the jawbone through a periodontal ligament. The tooth root is covered by cementum, a specialized bone-like tissue, and contains nerve endings and blood vessels within its pulp chamber.

The number of roots in a tooth can vary depending on the type of tooth. For example, incisors typically have one root, canines may have one or two roots, premolars usually have one or two roots, and molars often have two to four roots. The primary function of the tooth root is to provide stability and support for the crown of the tooth, allowing it to withstand the forces of biting and chewing.

Tooth eruption is the process by which a tooth emerges from the gums and becomes visible in the oral cavity. It is a normal part of dental development that occurs in a predictable sequence and timeframe. Primary or deciduous teeth, also known as baby teeth, begin to erupt around 6 months of age and continue to emerge until approximately 2-3 years of age. Permanent or adult teeth start to erupt around 6 years of age and can continue to emerge until the early twenties.

The process of tooth eruption involves several stages, including the formation of the tooth within the jawbone, the movement of the tooth through the bone and surrounding tissues, and the final emergence of the tooth into the mouth. Proper tooth eruption is essential for normal oral function, including chewing, speaking, and smiling. Any abnormalities in the tooth eruption process, such as delayed or premature eruption, can indicate underlying dental or medical conditions that require further evaluation and treatment.

A supernumerary tooth, also known as hyperdontia, refers to an additional tooth or teeth that grow beyond the regular number of teeth in the dental arch. These extra teeth can erupt in various locations of the dental arch and may occur in any of the tooth types, but they are most commonly seen as extra premolars or molars, and less frequently as incisors or canines. Supernumerary teeth may be asymptomatic or may cause complications such as crowding, displacement, or impaction of adjacent teeth, and therefore, they often require dental treatment.

Tooth abnormalities refer to any variations or irregularities in the size, shape, number, structure, or development of teeth that deviate from the typical or normal anatomy. These abnormalities can occur in primary (deciduous) or permanent teeth and can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, systemic diseases, or localized dental conditions during tooth formation.

Some examples of tooth abnormalities include:

1. Microdontia - teeth that are smaller than normal in size.
2. Macrodontia - teeth that are larger than normal in size.
3. Peg-shaped teeth - teeth with a narrow, conical shape.
4. Talon cusps - additional cusps or points on the biting surface of a tooth.
5. Dens invaginatus - an abnormal development where the tooth crown has an extra fold or pouch that can trap bacteria and cause dental problems.
6. Taurodontism - teeth with large pulp chambers and short roots.
7. Supernumerary teeth - having more teeth than the typical number (20 primary and 32 permanent teeth).
8. Hypodontia - missing one or more teeth due to a failure of development.
9. Germination - two adjacent teeth fused together, usually occurring in the front teeth.
10. Fusion - two separate teeth that have grown together during development.

Tooth abnormalities may not always require treatment unless they cause functional, aesthetic, or dental health issues. A dentist can diagnose and manage tooth abnormalities through various treatments, such as fillings, extractions, orthodontic care, or restorative procedures.

Tooth wear is the progressive loss of tooth structure that can occur as a result of various factors. According to the medical definition, it refers to the wearing down, rubbing away, or grinding off of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel and dentin) due to mechanical forces or chemical processes.

There are three primary types of tooth wear:

1. Abrasion: This is the loss of tooth structure caused by friction from external sources, such as incorrect brushing techniques, bite appliances, or habits like nail-biting and pipe smoking.
2. Attrition: This type of tooth wear results from the natural wearing down of teeth due to occlusal forces during biting, chewing, and grinding. However, excessive attrition can occur due to bruxism (teeth grinding) or clenching.
3. Erosion: Chemical processes, such as acid attacks from dietary sources (e.g., citrus fruits, sodas, and sports drinks) or gastric reflux, cause the loss of tooth structure in this type of tooth wear. The enamel dissolves when exposed to low pH levels, leaving the dentin underneath vulnerable to further damage.

Professional dental examination and treatment may be necessary to address significant tooth wear and prevent further progression, which can lead to sensitivity, pain, and functional or aesthetic issues.

Tooth extraction is a dental procedure in which a tooth that is damaged or poses a threat to oral health is removed from its socket in the jawbone. This may be necessary due to various reasons such as severe tooth decay, gum disease, fractured teeth, crowded teeth, or for orthodontic treatment purposes. The procedure is performed by a dentist or an oral surgeon, under local anesthesia to numb the area around the tooth, ensuring minimal discomfort during the extraction process.

A nonvital tooth is one that no longer has a living or viable pulp, which contains the nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as tooth decay that has progressed deeply into the tooth, dental trauma, or previous invasive dental procedures. As a result, the tooth loses its sensitivity to temperature changes and may darken in color. Nonvital teeth typically require root canal treatment to remove the dead pulp tissue, disinfect the canals, and fill them with an inert material to preserve the tooth structure and function.

In the context of dentistry, a molar is a type of tooth found in the back of the mouth. They are larger and wider than other types of teeth, such as incisors or canines, and have a flat biting surface with multiple cusps. Molars are primarily used for grinding and chewing food into smaller pieces that are easier to swallow. Humans typically have twelve molars in total, including the four wisdom teeth.

In medical terminology outside of dentistry, "molar" can also refer to a unit of mass in the apothecaries' system of measurement, which is equivalent to 4.08 grams. However, this usage is less common and not related to dental or medical anatomy.

An impacted tooth is a condition where a tooth fails to erupt into the oral cavity within its expected time frame, resulting in its partial or complete entrapment within the jawbone or soft tissues. This commonly occurs with wisdom teeth (third molars) but can affect any tooth. Impacted teeth may cause problems such as infection, decay of adjacent teeth, gum disease, or cyst formation, and they may require surgical removal.

Tooth discoloration, also known as tooth staining or tooth color change, refers to the darkening or staining of teeth. It can be categorized into two main types: extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic discoloration occurs when the outer layer of the tooth (enamel) becomes stained due to exposure to colored substances such as coffee, tea, wine, tobacco, and certain foods. Intrinsic discoloration, on the other hand, occurs when the inner structure of the tooth (dentin) darkens or gets a yellowish tint due to factors like genetics, aging, trauma, or exposure to certain medications during tooth development. Tooth discoloration can also be caused by dental diseases or decay. It is important to note that while some forms of tooth discoloration are cosmetic concerns, others may indicate underlying oral health issues and should be evaluated by a dental professional.

A tooth is classified as "unerupted" when it has not yet penetrated through the gums and entered the oral cavity. This can apply to both primary (baby) teeth and permanent (adult) teeth. The reasons for a tooth's failure to erupt can vary, including crowding of teeth, lack of sufficient space, or anatomical barriers such as bone or soft tissue. In some cases, unerupted teeth may need to be monitored or treated, depending on the specific situation and any symptoms experienced by the individual.

An incisor is a type of tooth that is primarily designed for biting off food pieces rather than chewing or grinding. They are typically chisel-shaped, flat, and have a sharp cutting edge. In humans, there are eight incisors - four on the upper jaw and four on the lower jaw, located at the front of the mouth. Other animals such as dogs, cats, and rodents also have incisors that they use for different purposes like tearing or gnawing.

Odontogenesis is the process of tooth development that involves the formation and calcification of teeth. It is a complex process that requires the interaction of several types of cells, including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and odontoblasts. The process begins during embryonic development with the formation of dental lamina, which gives rise to the tooth bud. As the tooth bud grows and differentiates, it forms the various structures of the tooth, including the enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp. Odontogenesis is completed when the tooth erupts into the oral cavity. Abnormalities in odontogenesis can result in developmental dental anomalies such as tooth agenesis, microdontia, or odontomas.

The term "tooth cervix" is not commonly used in medical dentistry with a specific technical definition. However, if you are referring to the "cervical region of a tooth," it generally refers to the area where the crown (the visible part of the tooth) meets the root (the portion of the tooth that is below the gum line). This region is also sometimes referred to as the "cementoenamel junction" (CEJ), where the enamel covering of the crown meets the cementum covering of the root. Dental issues such as tooth decay, receding gums, or abrasion can affect this area and may require professional dental treatment.

Dental enamel is the hard, white, outermost layer of a tooth. It is a highly mineralized and avascular tissue, meaning it contains no living cells or blood vessels. Enamel is primarily composed of calcium and phosphate minerals and serves as the protective covering for the crown of a tooth, which is the portion visible above the gum line.

Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, and its primary function is to provide structural support and protection to the underlying dentin and pulp tissues of the tooth. It also plays a crucial role in chewing and biting by helping to distribute forces evenly across the tooth surface during these activities.

Despite its hardness, dental enamel can still be susceptible to damage from factors such as tooth decay, erosion, and abrasion. Once damaged or lost, enamel cannot regenerate or repair itself, making it essential to maintain good oral hygiene practices and seek regular dental checkups to prevent enamel damage and protect overall oral health.

Tooth exfoliation is not a term that is commonly used in dental or medical literature. However, I believe you may be referring to the natural process of tooth loss that occurs with the shedding of primary (baby) teeth to make way for permanent (adult) teeth. This process is also known as physical or physiological tooth exfoliation.

Exfoliation in this context refers to the separation and shedding of the primary tooth's root from the underlying permanent tooth, allowing the permanent tooth to erupt into its proper position. The primary tooth becomes loose due to the resorption of its roots by the developing permanent tooth beneath it. Eventually, the primary tooth falls out, making room for the adult tooth to emerge and take its place in the dental arch.

It is essential to maintain good oral hygiene during this process to prevent any potential complications such as infection or premature loss of primary teeth.

Tooth avulsion is the complete separation of a tooth from its socket in the alveolar bone due to traumatic injury. This occurs when the periodontal ligament, which holds the tooth in place, gets severed or torn, resulting in the tooth being displaced from its original position. Avulsed teeth can be either primary (baby) or permanent teeth, and the trauma can result in damage to the surrounding tissues, including the gingiva, alveolar bone, and sometimes even the nerves and blood vessels. Prompt and appropriate first aid, as well as professional dental care, are crucial for ensuring the best possible outcome for reimplantation and healing.

'Fused teeth', also known as congenitally missing or malformed teeth, is a dental condition where two or more teeth are fused together. This condition is called "gemination" when a single tooth bud fails to completely separate, resulting in two teeth that share a common pulp chamber and root canal. When this occurs with more than one tooth, it is referred to as "twinning." In contrast, "congenital fusion" or "synthesis" refers to the union of two separate tooth buds during development.

Fused teeth can cause cosmetic concerns, difficulty in biting and chewing, and may affect the alignment of surrounding teeth. Depending on the severity and location of the fusion, treatment options may include observation, dental restorations, or even orthodontic or surgical intervention to correct the malocclusion and improve oral function and aesthetics.

A cuspid, also known as a canine tooth or cuspid tooth, is a type of tooth in mammals. It is the pointiest tooth in the dental arch and is located between the incisors and bicuspids (or premolars). Cuspids have a single cusp or pointed tip that is used for tearing and grasping food. In humans, there are four cuspids, two on the upper jaw and two on the lower jaw, one on each side of the dental arch.

Tooth diseases are conditions that affect the teeth and can cause discomfort, pain, and even loss of teeth if left untreated. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as poor oral hygiene, bacterial infections, trauma, genetics, and certain medical conditions. Some common tooth diseases include:

1. Dental caries (tooth decay): This is a breakdown of the tooth enamel due to the action of acid-producing bacteria that feed on sugars and starches in the mouth. Over time, this can lead to cavities or holes in the teeth.
2. Gingivitis: This is an inflammation of the gums caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar at the gum line. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease that can cause tooth loss.
3. Periodontitis: This is a severe infection of the gums and bones that support the teeth. It is caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar, which leads to the destruction of the tissue and bone that hold the teeth in place.
4. Abscess: This is a pocket of pus that forms in the tooth or gum due to a bacterial infection. An abscess can cause pain, swelling, and fever, and may require antibiotics or surgical drainage.
5. Tooth erosion: This is the loss of tooth structure due to acid wear, which can be caused by factors such as diet, stomach acid, and teeth grinding.
6. Hypersensitivity: This is a condition in which the teeth become sensitive to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks. It can be caused by factors such as gum recession, tooth decay, and tooth wear.
7. Oral cancer: This is a type of cancer that affects the mouth, lips, tongue, or throat. It can cause symptoms such as sores, lumps, or difficulty swallowing, and may require surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy for treatment.

Tooth calcification, also known as dental calculus or tartar formation, refers to the hardening of plaque on the surface of teeth. This process occurs when minerals from saliva combine with bacterial deposits and dental plaque, resulting in a hard, calcified substance that adheres to the tooth surface. Calcification can occur both above and below the gum line, and if not removed through professional dental cleanings, it can lead to periodontal disease, tooth decay, and other oral health issues.

A bicuspid valve, also known as a mitral valve in the heart, is a heart valve that has two leaflets or cusps. It lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle and helps to regulate blood flow between these two chambers of the heart. In a healthy heart, the bicuspid valve opens to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle and closes tightly to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium during contraction of the ventricle.

A congenital heart defect known as a bicuspid aortic valve occurs when the aortic valve, which normally has three leaflets or cusps, only has two. This can lead to narrowing of the valve (aortic stenosis) or leakage of the valve (aortic regurgitation), which can cause symptoms and may require medical treatment.

Tooth ankylosis is a dental condition where the tooth becomes abnormally fused to the alveolar bone, which is the part of the jawbone that contains the tooth sockets. This fusion typically occurs through the cementum of the root surface and the adjacent alveolar bone, resulting in the loss of the periodontal ligament (PLD) space that normally separates the tooth from the bone.

Ankylosis can affect both primary (deciduous or baby) teeth and permanent teeth. In primary teeth, ankylosis may lead to early exfoliation or premature loss of the tooth due to the lack of PDL resorption, which is necessary for natural tooth shedding. In permanent teeth, ankylosis can result in infraocclusion, where the affected tooth fails to erupt fully and remains at a lower level than the surrounding teeth.

The causes of tooth ankylosis include trauma, infection, developmental disorders, or previous orthodontic treatment. It is essential to diagnose and manage this condition promptly, as it can lead to complications such as malocclusion, dental crowding, or periodontal issues if left untreated. Treatment options may include extraction of the affected tooth, surgical separation from the bone, or orthodontic treatment to correct any resulting occlusal discrepancies.

Dental pulp is the soft tissue located in the center of a tooth, surrounded by the dentin. It contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue, and plays a vital role in the development and health of the tooth. The dental pulp helps to form dentin during tooth development and continues to provide nourishment to the tooth throughout its life. It also serves as a sensory organ, allowing the tooth to detect hot and cold temperatures and transmit pain signals to the brain. Injury or infection of the dental pulp can lead to serious dental problems, such as tooth decay or abscesses, and may require root canal treatment to remove the damaged tissue and save the tooth.

Tooth erosion is defined as the progressive, irreversible loss of dental hard tissue, primarily caused by chemical dissolution from acids, rather than mechanical forces such as abrasion or attrition. These acids can originate from extrinsic sources like acidic foods and beverages, or intrinsic sources like gastric reflux or vomiting. The erosion process leads to a reduction in tooth structure, altering the shape and function of teeth, and potentially causing sensitivity, pain, and aesthetical concerns. Early detection and management of tooth erosion are crucial to prevent further progression and preserve dental health.

A tooth socket, also known as an alveolus (plural: alveoli), refers to the hollow cavity or space in the jawbone where a tooth is anchored. The tooth socket is part of the alveolar process, which is the curved part of the maxilla or mandible that contains multiple tooth sockets for the upper and lower teeth, respectively.

Each tooth socket has a specialized tissue called the periodontal ligament, which attaches the root of the tooth to the surrounding bone. This ligament helps absorb forces generated during biting and chewing, allowing for comfortable and efficient mastication while also maintaining the tooth's position within the jawbone. The tooth socket is responsible for providing support, stability, and nourishment to the tooth through its blood vessels and nerves.

Tooth replantation is a dental procedure that involves the replanting and reattachment of a tooth that has been avulsed or knocked out due to trauma. The primary goal of this emergency procedure is to preserve the natural tooth and its periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue, allowing for potential reattachment and function.

The steps involved in tooth replantation include:

1. Locating the avulsed tooth: Carefully handle the knocked-out tooth by holding it by the crown (the chewing surface), avoiding touching the root area to prevent further damage to the periodontal ligament fibers.
2. Rinsing the tooth: Gently rinse the tooth with saline solution, sterile water, or milk to remove any debris or dirt, but avoid using alcohol or scrubbing the tooth as it may cause more damage to the PDL.
3. Replanting the tooth: As soon as possible, reposition the tooth back into its socket in the correct orientation and alignment. Apply gentle pressure to seat it in place while ensuring that it is facing the right direction. Ideally, this should be done within 30 minutes of avulsion for better prognosis.
4. Stabilizing the tooth: Use a splint or a wire to secure the replanted tooth to the adjacent teeth, providing stability and support during the healing process. This helps maintain the alignment and position of the replanted tooth.
5. Seeking professional dental care: Immediately consult with a dentist or endodontist for further evaluation, additional treatment, and follow-up care. The dentist will assess the success of the replantation and determine if any root canal therapy or other treatments are necessary to ensure long-term survival of the tooth.

The success of tooth replantation depends on several factors, including the timeliness of the procedure, the condition of the avulsed tooth, and the patient's overall oral health. Prompt action and professional care can significantly increase the likelihood of a successful outcome and preserve the natural tooth for years to come.

The maxilla is a paired bone that forms the upper jaw in vertebrates. In humans, it is a major bone in the face and plays several important roles in the craniofacial complex. Each maxilla consists of a body and four processes: frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar process, and palatine process.

The maxillae contribute to the formation of the eye sockets (orbits), nasal cavity, and the hard palate of the mouth. They also contain the upper teeth sockets (alveoli) and help form the lower part of the orbit and the cheekbones (zygomatic arches).

Here's a quick rundown of its key functions:

1. Supports the upper teeth and forms the upper jaw.
2. Contributes to the formation of the eye sockets, nasal cavity, and hard palate.
3. Helps shape the lower part of the orbit and cheekbones.
4. Partakes in the creation of important sinuses, such as the maxillary sinus, which is located within the body of the maxilla.

Dentin is the hard, calcified tissue that lies beneath the enamel and cementum of a tooth. It forms the majority of the tooth's structure and is composed primarily of mineral salts (hydroxyapatite), collagenous proteins, and water. Dentin has a tubular structure, with microscopic channels called dentinal tubules that radiate outward from the pulp chamber (the center of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels) to the exterior of the tooth. These tubules contain fluid and nerve endings that are responsible for the tooth's sensitivity to various stimuli such as temperature changes, pressure, or decay. Dentin plays a crucial role in protecting the dental pulp while also providing support and structure to the overlying enamel and cementum.

Tooth resorption is a process in which there is an abnormal loss or breakdown of tooth structure, either internally (internal resorption) or externally (external resorption), due to the action of specialized cells called odontoclasts. This can lead to weakening and destruction of the tooth, potentially causing sensitivity, pain, or even tooth loss if left untreated. The causes of tooth resorption can vary, including trauma, orthodontic treatment, periodontal disease, and certain systemic conditions. It is important to diagnose and treat tooth resorption early to prevent further damage and preserve the tooth structure.

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, refers to the damage or breakdown of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin, and cementum) due to the activity of acid-producing bacteria. These bacteria ferment sugars from food and drinks, producing acids that dissolve and weaken the tooth structure, leading to cavities.

The process of dental caries development involves several stages:

1. Demineralization: The acidic environment created by bacterial activity causes minerals (calcium and phosphate) to be lost from the tooth surface, making it weaker and more susceptible to decay.
2. Formation of a white spot lesion: As demineralization progresses, a chalky white area appears on the tooth surface, indicating early caries development.
3. Cavity formation: If left untreated, the demineralization process continues, leading to the breakdown and loss of tooth structure, resulting in a cavity or hole in the tooth.
4. Infection and pulp involvement: As the decay progresses deeper into the tooth, it can reach the dental pulp (the soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels), causing infection, inflammation, and potentially leading to toothache, abscess, or even tooth loss.

Preventing dental caries involves maintaining good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, using fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash, and having regular dental check-ups and cleanings. Early detection and treatment of dental caries can help prevent further progression and more severe complications.

Dentition refers to the development, arrangement, and appearance of teeth in the dental arch. It includes the number, type, size, and shape of teeth, as well as their alignment and relationship with each other and the surrounding structures in the oral cavity. Dentition can be classified into two main types: deciduous (primary) dentition and permanent (secondary) dentition. Deciduous dentition consists of 20 temporary teeth that erupt during infancy and childhood, while permanent dentition consists of 32 teeth that replace the deciduous teeth and last for a lifetime, excluding the wisdom teeth which may or may not erupt. Abnormalities in dentition can indicate various dental and systemic conditions, making it an essential aspect of oral health assessment and diagnosis.

Root canal therapy, also known as endodontic treatment, is a dental procedure that involves the removal of infected or damaged pulp tissue from within a tooth's root canal system. The root canal system is a series of narrow channels that run from the center of the tooth (pulp chamber) down to the tip of the tooth roots, containing nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues.

During the procedure, the dentist or endodontist will gain access to the pulp chamber, carefully clean and shape the root canals using specialized instruments, and then fill and seal them with a rubber-like material called gutta-percha. This helps prevent reinfection and preserves the structural integrity of the tooth. In many cases, a crown or other restoration is placed over the treated tooth to protect it and restore its function and appearance.

Root canal therapy is typically recommended when the pulp tissue becomes inflamed or infected due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures, cracks, or chips in the teeth. The goal of this treatment is to alleviate pain, preserve natural tooth structure, and prevent the need for extraction.

Odontometry is a term used in dentistry that refers to the measurement of teeth, particularly the size and length of teeth or tooth roots. It is often used in forensic dentistry for identification purposes, such as in age estimation, sex determination, or individual identification of human remains. The measurements can be taken using various methods, including radiographs (x-rays), calipers, or specialized software.

In some contexts, odontometry may also refer to the process of measuring the amount of dental work required for a particular treatment plan, although this usage is less common.

The mandible, also known as the lower jaw, is the largest and strongest bone in the human face. It forms the lower portion of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in various functions such as mastication (chewing), speaking, and swallowing. The mandible is a U-shaped bone that consists of a horizontal part called the body and two vertical parts called rami.

The mandible articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) located in front of each ear, allowing for movements like opening and closing the mouth, protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement. The mandible contains the lower teeth sockets called alveolar processes, which hold the lower teeth in place.

In medical terminology, the term "mandible" refers specifically to this bone and its associated structures.

Tooth demineralization is a process that involves the loss of minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, from the hard tissues of the teeth. This process can lead to the development of dental caries or tooth decay. Demineralization occurs when acids produced by bacteria in the mouth attack the enamel of the tooth, dissolving its mineral content. Over time, these attacks can create holes or cavities in the teeth. Fluoride, found in many toothpastes and public water supplies, can help to remineralize teeth and prevent decay. Good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing regularly, can also help to prevent demineralization by removing plaque and bacteria from the mouth.

Permanent dentition is the second and final set of teeth that humans grow during their lifetime. These teeth are also known as adult or secondary teeth and typically begin to erupt in the mouth around the age of 6 or 7 years old, with all permanent teeth usually present by the time a person reaches their late teens or early twenties.

There are 32 teeth in a complete set of permanent dentition, including 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars (also called bicuspids), and 12 molars (including 4 third molars or wisdom teeth). The primary function of permanent teeth is to help with biting, chewing, and grinding food into smaller pieces that are easier to swallow and digest. Proper care and maintenance of permanent teeth through good oral hygiene practices, regular dental checkups, and a balanced diet can help ensure their longevity and health throughout a person's life.

A dental restoration, permanent, is a type of dental treatment that involves the use of materials such as gold, silver amalgam, porcelain, or composite resin to repair and restore the function, form, and aesthetics of a damaged or decayed tooth. Unlike temporary restorations, which are meant to be replaced with a permanent solution, permanent restorations are designed to last for many years, if not a lifetime.

Examples of permanent dental restorations include:

1. Dental fillings: These are used to fill cavities caused by tooth decay. The decayed portion of the tooth is removed, and the resulting space is filled with a material such as amalgam, composite resin, or gold.
2. Inlays and onlays: These are similar to dental fillings but are made in a laboratory and then bonded to the tooth. They are used when there is not enough tooth structure left to support a filling.
3. Dental crowns: Also known as caps, these are used to cover and protect a tooth that has been damaged or weakened by decay, injury, or wear. The crown fits over the entire tooth, restoring its shape, size, and strength.
4. Dental bridges: These are used to replace one or more missing teeth. A bridge consists of one or more artificial teeth (pontics) that are held in place by crowns on either side.
5. Dental implants: These are used to replace missing teeth. An implant is a small titanium post that is surgically placed in the jawbone, where it functions as an anchor for a replacement tooth or bridge.

Permanent dental restorations are custom-made for each patient and require careful planning and preparation. They are designed to blend in with the surrounding teeth and provide a natural-looking appearance. With proper care and maintenance, these restorations can last for many years and help preserve the health and function of the teeth and mouth.

Anodontia is a medical term that refers to the congenital absence or lack of development of all primary (deciduous) and/or permanent teeth. It is a rare dental condition that affects tooth development and can be isolated or associated with various syndromes and genetic disorders.

In anodontia, the dental tissues responsible for forming teeth, including the dental lamina, dental papilla, and dental follicle, fail to develop properly, resulting in missing teeth. The condition can affect all teeth or only some of them, leading to partial anodontia.

Anodontia is different from hypodontia, which refers to the congenital absence of one or more, but not all, teeth. It is also distinct from oligodontia, which is the absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars (wisdom teeth).

People with anodontia may experience difficulties in chewing, speaking, and maintaining oral hygiene, leading to various dental and social problems. Prosthodontic treatments, such as dentures or implants, are often necessary to restore oral function and aesthetics.

Tooth preparation in prosthodontics refers to the process of altering the clinical crown of a tooth or teeth to receive a restoration, such as a crown, veneer, or bridge. This procedure involves removing a portion of the enamel and dentin to create a suitable foundation for the prosthetic device. The preparation aims to achieve proper retention, resistance form, and marginal fit, ensuring the successful integration and longevity of the restoration. The process may also include the management of tooth structure loss due to decay, trauma, or wear, and the establishment of harmonious occlusion with the opposing teeth.

The periodontal ligament, also known as the "PDL," is the soft tissue that connects the tooth root to the alveolar bone within the dental alveolus (socket). It consists of collagen fibers organized into groups called principal fibers and accessory fibers. These fibers are embedded into both the cementum of the tooth root and the alveolar bone, providing shock absorption during biting and chewing forces, allowing for slight tooth movement, and maintaining the tooth in its position within the socket.

The periodontal ligament plays a crucial role in the health and maintenance of the periodontium, which includes the gingiva (gums), cementum, alveolar bone, and the periodontal ligament itself. Inflammation or infection of the periodontal ligament can lead to periodontal disease, potentially causing tooth loss if not treated promptly and appropriately.

The alveolar process is the curved part of the jawbone (mandible or maxilla) that contains sockets or hollow spaces (alveoli) for the teeth to be embedded. These processes are covered with a specialized mucous membrane called the gingiva, which forms a tight seal around the teeth to help protect the periodontal tissues and maintain oral health.

The alveolar process is composed of both compact and spongy bone tissue. The compact bone forms the outer layer, while the spongy bone is found inside the alveoli and provides support for the teeth. When a tooth is lost or extracted, the alveolar process begins to resorb over time due to the lack of mechanical stimulation from the tooth's chewing forces. This can lead to changes in the shape and size of the jawbone, which may require bone grafting procedures before dental implant placement.

"Age determination by teeth" is a method used in forensic dentistry to estimate the age of an individual based on the development and wear of their teeth. This process involves examining various features such as tooth eruption, crown and root formation, and dental attrition or wear.

The developmental stages of teeth can provide a rough estimate of age during childhood and adolescence, while dental wear patterns can offer insights into an individual's age during adulthood. However, it is important to note that there can be significant variation in tooth development and wear between individuals, making this method somewhat imprecise.

In addition to forensic applications, age determination by teeth can also be useful in archaeology and anthropology for studying past populations and their lifestyles.

Dental cementum is a type of hard connective tissue that covers the root of a tooth. It is primarily composed of calcium salts and collagen fibers, and it serves to attach the periodontal ligaments (the fibers that help secure the tooth in its socket) to the tooth's root. Cementum also helps protect the root of the tooth and contributes to the maintenance of tooth stability. It continues to grow and deposit new layers throughout an individual's life, which can be seen as incremental lines called "cementum annulations."

Odontoblasts are defined as columnar-shaped cells that are located in the pulp tissue of teeth, specifically within the predentin region. They are responsible for the formation of dentin, one of the main components of a tooth, by synthesizing and depositing collagenous and non-collagenous proteins, as well as the mineral hydroxyapatite.

Odontoblasts have a single process that extends into the dentinal tubules, which are microscopic channels within the dentin matrix. These cells play a crucial role in sensing external stimuli, such as heat, cold, or pressure, and transmitting signals to the nerves located in the pulp tissue, thereby contributing to the tooth's sensitivity.

In summary, odontoblasts are specialized dental cells that produce dentin, provide structural support for teeth, and contribute to their sensory functions.

Ameloblasts are the specialized epithelial cells that are responsible for the formation of enamel, which is the hard, outermost layer of a tooth. These cells are a part of the dental lamina and are present in the developing tooth's crown region. They align themselves along the surface of the developing tooth and secrete enamel proteins and minerals to form the enamel rods and interrod enamel. Once the enamel formation is complete, ameloblasts undergo programmed cell death, leaving behind the hard, mineralized enamel matrix. Any damage or abnormality in the functioning of ameloblasts can lead to developmental defects in the enamel, such as hypoplasia or hypocalcification, which may affect the tooth's structure and function.

The dental pulp cavity, also known as the pulp chamber, is the innermost part of a tooth that contains the dental pulp. It is located in the crown portion of the tooth and is shaped like an upside-down pyramid with the narrow end point towards the root of the tooth.

The dental pulp is a soft tissue that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. It plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the tooth, including providing nutrients to the dentin and producing reparative dentin.

The dental pulp cavity can become infected or inflamed due to tooth decay, trauma, or other factors, leading to symptoms such as pain, sensitivity, and swelling. In such cases, treatment options may include root canal therapy, which involves removing the infected or inflamed pulp tissue from the dental pulp cavity and sealing the space to prevent further infection.

Dental pulp necrosis is the death of the soft tissue inside a tooth, known as the dental pulp. The dental pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue that help the tooth grow and develop. It also provides sensations like hot or cold. Dental pulp necrosis can occur due to various reasons such as tooth decay, trauma, or infection. When the dental pulp dies, it can no longer provide nutrients to the tooth, making it more susceptible to fractures and infections. Symptoms of dental pulp necrosis may include pain, sensitivity, swelling, or abscess formation. Treatment options for dental pulp necrosis typically involve root canal therapy or extraction of the affected tooth.

Tooth remineralization is a natural process by which minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, are redeposited into the microscopic pores (hydroxyapatite crystals) in the enamel of a tooth. This process can help to repair early decay and strengthen the teeth. It occurs when the mouth's pH is neutral or slightly alkaline, which allows the minerals in our saliva, fluoride from toothpaste or other sources, and calcium and phosphate ions from foods to be absorbed into the enamel. Remineralization can be promoted through good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing with a fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and eating a balanced diet that includes foods rich in calcium and phosphate.

Dental models are replicas of a patient's teeth and surrounding oral structures, used in dental practice and education. They are typically created using plaster or other materials that harden to accurately reproduce the shape and position of each tooth, as well as the contours of the gums and palate. Dental models may be used for a variety of purposes, including treatment planning, creating custom-fitted dental appliances, and teaching dental students about oral anatomy and various dental procedures. They provide a tactile and visual representation that can aid in understanding and communication between dentists, patients, and other dental professionals.

Panoramic radiography is a specialized type of dental X-ray imaging that captures a panoramic view of the entire mouth, including the teeth, upper and lower jaws, and surrounding structures. It uses a special machine that rotates around the head, capturing images as it moves. This technique provides a two-dimensional image that is helpful in diagnosing and planning treatment for various dental conditions such as impacted teeth, bone abnormalities, and jaw disorders.

The panoramic radiograph can also be used to assess the development and positioning of wisdom teeth, detect cysts or tumors in the jaws, and evaluate the effects of trauma or injury to the mouth. It is a valuable tool for dental professionals as it allows them to see a comprehensive view of the oral structures, which may not be visible with traditional X-ray techniques.

It's important to note that while panoramic radiography provides valuable information, it should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools and clinical examinations to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Periapical periodontitis is a medical condition that affects the tissues surrounding the root tip (apex) of a tooth. It is typically caused by bacterial infection that originates from the dental pulp, which is the soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. When the dental pulp becomes inflamed or infected due to decay or injury, it can lead to periapical periodontitis if left untreated.

The infection spreads from the pulp through the root canal and forms an abscess at the tip of the tooth root. This results in inflammation and destruction of the surrounding bone and periodontal tissues, leading to symptoms such as pain, swelling, tenderness, and sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures.

Periapical periodontitis is usually treated with root canal therapy, which involves removing the infected pulp tissue, cleaning and disinfecting the root canal, and filling and sealing the space to prevent reinfection. In some cases, antibiotics may also be prescribed to help clear up any residual infection. If left untreated, periapical periodontitis can lead to more serious complications such as tooth loss or spread of infection to other parts of the body.

Dental stress analysis is a method used in dentistry to evaluate the amount and distribution of forces that act upon teeth and surrounding structures during biting, chewing, or other functional movements. This analysis helps dental professionals identify areas of excessive stress or strain that may lead to dental problems such as tooth fracture, mobility, or periodontal (gum) disease. By identifying these areas, dentists can develop treatment plans to reduce the risk of dental issues and improve overall oral health.

Dental stress analysis typically involves the use of specialized equipment, such as strain gauges, T-scan occlusal analysis systems, or finite element analysis software, to measure and analyze the forces that act upon teeth during various functional movements. The results of the analysis can help dentists determine the best course of treatment, which may include adjusting the bite, restoring damaged teeth with crowns or fillings, or fabricating custom-made oral appliances to redistribute the forces evenly across the dental arch.

Overall, dental stress analysis is an important tool in modern dentistry that helps dental professionals diagnose and treat dental problems related to occlusal (bite) forces, ensuring optimal oral health and function for their patients.

Paleodontology is not a medical field, but rather a subfield of archaeology and paleontology. It is the study of fossil teeth and dental tissues from extinct animals or ancient human populations to understand their evolutionary history, diet, health status, and lifestyle. By analyzing tooth wear patterns, growth rates, and pathologies, paleodontologists can gain insights into the ecological adaptations and environmental conditions experienced by these organisms throughout their lives.

Dental cavity preparation is the process of removing decayed and damaged tissue from a tooth and shaping the remaining healthy structure in order to prepare it for the placement of a filling or a crown. The goal of cavity preparation is to remove all traces of decay and create a clean, stable surface for the restoration to bond with, while also maintaining as much of the natural tooth structure as possible.

The process typically involves the use of dental drills and other tools to remove the decayed tissue and shape the tooth. The size and depth of the preparation will depend on the extent of the decay and the type of restoration that will be used. After the preparation is complete, the dentist will place the filling or crown, restoring the function and integrity of the tooth.

Edentulous partially refers to a condition where some teeth are missing in the jaw but not all. In other words, it is a state of having fewer teeth than normal for that particular dental arch. A dental arch can be either the upper or lower jaw.

In medical terms, "edentulous" means lacking teeth. So, when we say "jaw, edentulous, partially," it indicates a jaw that has some missing teeth. This condition is different from being completely edentulous, which refers to having no teeth at all in the dental arch.

Being edentulous or partially edentulous can impact an individual's ability to eat, speak, and affect their overall quality of life. Dental professionals often recommend various treatment options, such as dentures, bridges, or implants, to restore functionality and aesthetics for those who are partially edentulous.

Composite resins, also known as dental composites or filling materials, are a type of restorative material used in dentistry to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure. They are called composite resins because they are composed of a combination of materials, including a resin matrix (usually made of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate) and filler particles (commonly made of silica, quartz, or glass).

The composite resins are widely used in modern dentistry due to their excellent esthetic properties, ease of handling, and ability to bond directly to tooth structure. They can be used for a variety of restorative procedures, including direct and indirect fillings, veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns.

Composite resins are available in various shades and opacities, allowing dentists to match the color and translucency of natural teeth closely. They also have good wear resistance, strength, and durability, making them a popular choice for both anterior and posterior restorations. However, composite resins may be prone to staining over time and may require more frequent replacement compared to other types of restorative materials.

Dental enamel is the hard, outermost layer of a tooth that protects the dentin and pulp inside. It is primarily made up of minerals, mainly hydroxyapatite, and contains very little organic material. However, during the formation of dental enamel, proteins are synthesized and secreted by ameloblast cells, which help in the development and mineralization of the enamel. These proteins play a crucial role in the proper formation and structure of the enamel.

Some of the main dental enamel proteins include:

1. Amelogenin: This is the most abundant protein found in developing enamel, accounting for about 90% of the organic matrix. Amelogenin helps regulate the growth and organization of hydroxyapatite crystals during mineralization. It also plays a role in determining the final hardness and structure of the enamel.

2. Enamelin: This protein is the second most abundant protein in developing enamel, accounting for about 5-10% of the organic matrix. Enamelin is involved in the elongation and thickening of hydroxyapatite crystals during mineralization. It also helps maintain the stability of the enamel structure.

3. Ameloblastin: This protein is produced by ameloblast cells and is essential for proper enamel formation. Ameloblastin plays a role in regulating crystal growth, promoting adhesion between crystals, and maintaining the structural integrity of the enamel.

4. Tuftelin: This protein is found in both dentin and enamel but is more abundant in enamel. Tuftelin is involved in the initiation of mineralization and helps regulate crystal growth during this process.

5. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP): Although primarily associated with dentin formation, DSPP is also found in developing enamel. It plays a role in regulating crystal growth and promoting adhesion between crystals during mineralization.

After the formation of dental enamel is complete, these proteins are largely degraded and removed, leaving behind the highly mineralized and hard tissue that characterizes mature enamel. However, traces of these proteins may still be present in the enamel and could potentially play a role in its structure and properties.

Dental enamel hypoplasia is a condition characterized by the deficiency or reduction in the thickness of the tooth's enamel surface. This results in the enamel being thin, weak, and prone to wear, fractures, and dental cavities. The appearance of teeth with enamel hypoplasia may be yellowish, brownish, or creamy white, and they can have pits, grooves, or bands of varying widths and shapes.

Enamel hypoplasia can occur due to various factors, including genetics, premature birth, low birth weight, malnutrition, infections during childhood (such as measles or chickenpox), trauma, exposure to environmental toxins, and certain medical conditions that affect enamel formation.

The condition is usually diagnosed through a dental examination, where the dentist can observe and assess the appearance and structure of the teeth. Treatment options depend on the severity of the hypoplasia and may include fluoride treatments, sealants, fillings, crowns, or extractions in severe cases. Preventive measures such as maintaining good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental check-ups can help reduce the risk of developing enamel hypoplasia.

A diastema is a gap or space that occurs between two teeth. The most common location for a diastema is between the two upper front teeth (central incisors). Diastemas can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Tooth size discrepancy: If the size of the teeth is smaller than the size of the jawbone, spaces may occur between the teeth. This is a common cause of diastema in children as their jaws grow and develop faster than their teeth. In some cases, these gaps close on their own as the permanent teeth erupt and fully emerge.
2. Thumb sucking or pacifier use: Prolonged thumb sucking or pacifier use can exert pressure on the front teeth, causing them to protrude and creating a gap between them. This habit typically affects children and may result in a diastema if it persists beyond the age of 4-5 years.
3. Tongue thrust: Tongue thrust is a condition where an individual pushes their tongue against the front teeth while speaking or swallowing. Over time, this force can push the front teeth forward and create a gap between them.
4. Missing teeth: When a person loses a tooth due to extraction, decay, or injury, the surrounding teeth may shift position and cause gaps to form between other teeth.
5. Periodontal disease: Advanced periodontal (gum) disease can lead to bone loss and receding gums, which can result in spaces between the teeth.
6. Genetic factors: Some people have a natural tendency for their front teeth to be widely spaced due to genetic predisposition.

Diastemas can be closed through various orthodontic treatments, such as braces or aligners, or by using dental restorations like bonding, veneers, or crowns. The appropriate treatment option depends on the underlying cause of the diastema and the individual's overall oral health condition.

Dental occlusion refers to the alignment and contact between the upper and lower teeth when the jaws are closed. It is the relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or biting.

A proper dental occlusion, also known as a balanced occlusion, ensures that the teeth and jaw joints function harmoniously, reducing the risk of tooth wear, damage, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Malocclusion, on the other hand, refers to improper alignment or contact between the upper and lower teeth, which may require orthodontic treatment or dental restorations to correct.

The enamel organ is a structure found in the developing teeth of vertebrates. It is responsible for the formation of enamel, which is the hard, outermost layer of the tooth crown. The enamel organ is derived from the dental papilla and is composed of several layers: the outer enamel epithelium, the stellate reticulum, the stratum intermedium, and the inner enamel epithelium. These layers work together to produce the enamel matrix, which is then mineralized to form the hard tissue that covers the tooth's crown. The enamel organ disappears after the formation of enamel is complete, leaving only the hardened enamel layer behind.

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental issues such as cavities, gum disease, bad breath, and other oral health problems. It involves regular brushing, flossing, and using mouthwash to remove plaque and food particles that can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are also an essential part of maintaining good oral hygiene. Poor oral hygiene can lead to a range of health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections, so it is important to prioritize oral health as part of overall health and wellbeing.

Dental bonding is a cosmetic dental procedure in which a tooth-colored resin material (a type of plastic) is applied and hardened with a special light, which ultimately "bonds" the material to the tooth to improve its appearance. According to the American Dental Association (ADA), dental bonding can be used for various purposes, including:

1. Repairing chipped or cracked teeth
2. Improving the appearance of discolored teeth
3. Closing spaces between teeth
4. Protecting a portion of the tooth's root that has been exposed due to gum recession
5. Changing the shape and size of teeth

Dental bonding is generally a quick and painless procedure, often requiring little to no anesthesia. The surface of the tooth is roughened and conditioned to help the resin adhere properly. Then, the resin material is applied, molded, and smoothed to the desired shape. A special light is used to harden the material, which typically takes only a few minutes. Finally, the bonded material is trimmed, shaped, and polished to match the surrounding teeth.

While dental bonding can be an effective solution for minor cosmetic concerns, it may not be as durable or long-lasting as other dental restoration options like veneers or crowns. The lifespan of a dental bonding procedure typically ranges from 3 to 10 years, depending on factors such as oral habits, location of the bonded tooth, and proper care. Regular dental checkups and good oral hygiene practices can help extend the life of dental bonding.

A third molar is the most posterior of the three molars present in an adult human dental arch. They are also commonly known as wisdom teeth, due to their late eruption period which usually occurs between the ages of 17-25, a time traditionally associated with gaining maturity and wisdom.

Anatomically, third molars have four cusps, making them the largest of all the teeth. However, not everyone develops third molars; some people may have one, two, three or no third molars at all. In many cases, third molars do not have enough space to fully erupt and align properly with the rest of the teeth, leading to impaction, infection, or other dental health issues. As a result, third molars are often extracted if they cause problems or if there is a risk they will cause problems in the future.

The post and core technique is a dental restorative procedure that involves the use of a post made of metal or other materials, which is placed inside the root canal of a severely damaged tooth, to provide support and retention for a dental core. The dental core is then built up using various materials such as composite resin, glass ionomer cement, or amalgam, to restore the missing portion of the tooth structure. This technique is often used as a foundation for a dental crown in cases where there is not enough remaining tooth structure to support the crown on its own. The post and core restoration helps to reinforce the tooth, prevent fractures, and improve the overall functionality and esthetics of the restored tooth.

A pulpectomy is a dental procedure that involves the removal of the entire pulp tissue, which includes the nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues from within the root canal(s) of a tooth. This procedure is typically performed when the pulp tissue becomes infected or inflamed due to decay, trauma, or other causes.

Once the pulp tissue is removed, the root canal(s) are cleaned, shaped, and filled with an inert material such as gutta-percha to prevent reinfection and maintain the structural integrity of the tooth. A pulpectomy may be performed as a standalone procedure or as part of a larger treatment plan, such as a root canal therapy or endodontic treatment.

It's important to note that while a pulpectomy removes the infected or inflamed tissue from within the tooth, it does not address any external damage or decay that may be present on the tooth's surface. Additional dental work, such as a filling or crown, may be necessary to restore the tooth's function and appearance.

"Edentulous mouth" is a medical term used to describe a condition where an individual has no remaining natural teeth in either their upper or lower jaw, or both. This situation can occur due to various reasons such as tooth decay, gum disease, trauma, or aging. Dentists often recommend dental prosthetics like dentures to restore oral function and aesthetics for individuals with edentulous mouths.

Dental materials are substances that are used in restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and preventive dentistry to restore or replace missing tooth structure, improve the function and esthetics of teeth, and protect the oral tissues from decay and disease. These materials can be classified into various categories based on their physical and chemical properties, including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, cements, and alloys.

Some examples of dental materials include:

1. Amalgam: a metal alloy used for dental fillings that contains silver, tin, copper, and mercury. It is strong, durable, and resistant to wear but has been controversial due to concerns about the toxicity of mercury.
2. Composite: a tooth-colored restorative material made of a mixture of glass or ceramic particles and a bonding agent. It is used for fillings, veneers, and other esthetic dental treatments.
3. Glass ionomer cement: a type of cement used for dental restorations that releases fluoride ions and helps prevent tooth decay. It is often used for fillings in children's teeth or as a base under crowns and bridges.
4. Porcelain: a ceramic material used for dental crowns, veneers, and other esthetic restorations. It is strong, durable, and resistant to staining but can be brittle and prone to fracture.
5. Gold alloy: a metal alloy used for dental restorations that contains gold, copper, and other metals. It is highly biocompatible, corrosion-resistant, and malleable but can be expensive and less esthetic than other materials.
6. Acrylic resin: a type of polymer used for dental appliances such as dentures, night guards, and orthodontic retainers. It is lightweight, flexible, and easy to modify but can be less durable than other materials.

The choice of dental material depends on various factors, including the location and extent of the restoration, the patient's oral health status, their esthetic preferences, and their budget. Dental professionals must consider these factors carefully when selecting the appropriate dental material for each individual case.

The periodontium is a complex structure in the oral cavity that surrounds and supports the teeth. It consists of four main components:
1. Gingiva (gums): The pink, soft tissue that covers the crown of the tooth and extends down to the neck of the tooth, where it meets the cementum.
2. Cementum: A specialized, calcified tissue that covers the root of the tooth and provides a surface for the periodontal ligament fibers to attach.
3. Periodontal ligament (PDL): A highly vascular and cell-rich connective tissue that attaches the cementum of the tooth root to the alveolar bone, allowing for tooth mobility and absorption of forces during chewing.
4. Alveolar bone: The portion of the jawbone that contains the sockets (alveoli) for the teeth. It is a spongy bone with a rich blood supply that responds to mechanical stresses from biting and chewing, undergoing remodeling throughout life.

Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, affect the health and integrity of the periodontium, leading to inflammation, bleeding, pocket formation, bone loss, and ultimately tooth loss if left untreated.

The dental papilla is a type of tissue found in the developing tooth within the jawbone. It is composed of cells that will eventually differentiate into odontoblasts, which are the cells responsible for producing dentin, one of the main hard tissues that make up the tooth. The dental papilla is located in the center of the tooth germ and is surrounded by the dental follicle, another type of tissue that helps to form the tooth. As the tooth develops, the dental papilla becomes smaller and eventually forms the pulp chamber, which contains the blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that support and nourish the tooth.

According to the American Academy of Periodontology, periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. These tissues include the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The primary cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque, a sticky film that constantly forms on our teeth.

There are two major stages of periodontal disease:

1. Gingivitis: This is the milder form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums (gingiva) without loss of attachment to the teeth. The gums may appear red, swollen, and bleed easily during brushing or flossing. At this stage, the damage can be reversed with proper dental care and improved oral hygiene.
2. Periodontitis: If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of periodontal disease. In periodontitis, the inflammation extends beyond the gums and affects the deeper periodontal tissues, leading to loss of bone support around the teeth. Pockets filled with infection-causing bacteria form between the teeth and gums, causing further damage and potential tooth loss if not treated promptly.

Risk factors for developing periodontal disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking or using smokeless tobacco, genetic predisposition, diabetes, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or menopause), certain medications, and systemic diseases like AIDS or cancer. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are crucial for preventing periodontal disease and maintaining overall oral health.

I'm not aware of a medical definition for "DMF Index." The abbreviation "DMF" could potentially stand for many things, as it is used in various contexts across different fields. In the field of dentistry, DMF stands for Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth/surfaces, which is a method for measuring dental caries or tooth decay. However, there is no standard medical definition for "DMF Index." If you could provide more context or specify the field of study or practice, I would be happy to help further!

Dental restoration failure refers to the breakdown or loss of functionality of a dental restoration, which is a procedure performed to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of a tooth that has been damaged due to decay, trauma, or wear. The restoration can include fillings, crowns, veneers, bridges, and implants. Failure of dental restorations can occur due to various reasons such as recurrent decay, fracture, poor fit, or material failure, leading to further damage or loss of the tooth.

Root canal filling materials are substances used to fill and seal the root canal system inside a tooth following root canal treatment. The main goal of using these materials is to prevent reinfection, provide structural support to the weakened tooth, and restore its functionality.

Commonly used root canal filling materials include:

1. Gutta-percha: A rubber-like material derived from the sap of the Palaquium gutta tree. It is widely used as the primary filling material due to its biocompatibility, malleability, and ability to be compacted into the root canal space. Gutta-percha points or cones are typically used in conjunction with a sealer for optimal adaptation and seal.

2. Sealers: These are adhesive materials that help bond gutta-percha to dentin walls and improve the seal between the filling material and root canal walls. Some commonly used sealers include zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide-based sealers, and resin-based sealers.

3. Silver points: These are silver cones with a sharp tip that can be inserted into the root canal space as an alternative to gutta-percha. However, their use has declined due to concerns about corrosion and potential tooth discoloration.

4. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA): A biocompatible cement composed primarily of Portland cement, bismuth oxide, and other additives. MTA is used for various applications in endodontics, including root-end filling, perforation repair, and apexification. It has excellent sealing ability, antibacterial properties, and promotes hard tissue formation.

5. Bioceramics: These are advanced materials with similar properties to MTA but with improved handling characteristics and setting times. They include materials like Bioaggregate, EndoSequence BC Sealer, and iRoot SP.

6. Thermoplasticized gutta-percha: This technique involves heating and softening gutta-percha using a specialized device called a thermomechanical compactor or an oven. The softened gutta-percha is then injected into the root canal space, providing better adaptation to the root canal walls and creating a more uniform seal.

The choice of materials depends on various factors, including the clinical situation, patient's needs, and practitioner's preference.

Resin cements are dental materials used to bond or cement restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances, to natural teeth or implants. They are called "resin" cements because they are made of a type of synthetic resin material that can be cured or hardened through the use of a chemical reaction or exposure to light.

Resin cements typically consist of three components: a base, a catalyst, and a filler. The base and catalyst are mixed together to create a putty-like consistency, which is then applied to the restoration or tooth surface. Once the cement is in place, it is exposed to light or allowed to chemically cure, which causes it to harden and form a strong bond between the restoration and the tooth.

Resin cements are known for their excellent adhesive properties, as well as their ability to withstand the forces of biting and chewing. They can also be color-matched to natural teeth, making them an aesthetically pleasing option for dental restorations. However, they may not be suitable for all patients or situations, and it is important for dental professionals to carefully consider the specific needs and conditions of each patient when choosing a cement material.

"Mesial movement of teeth" is a dental term that refers to the natural drifting or shifting of teeth in a forward direction towards the front of the mouth. This movement typically occurs over time and can be influenced by various factors such as:

* The loss of adjacent teeth, which can create space for other teeth to move into
* Oral habits like thumb sucking or tongue thrusting
* Periodontal disease that weakens the supporting structures of the teeth
* Malocclusion or misalignment of teeth

It is essential to monitor and manage mesial movement of teeth to prevent dental issues such as crowding, malocclusion, and periodontal problems. Dental professionals may use various treatments, including orthodontic appliances, space maintainers, or restorations, to address this issue.

I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.

In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.

Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.

Denture design refers to the plan and configuration of a removable dental prosthesis, which is created to replace missing teeth and surrounding tissues in the mouth. The design process involves several factors such as:

1. The number and position of artificial teeth (pontics) used to restore the functional occlusion and aesthetics.
2. The type and arrangement of the denture base material that supports the artificial teeth and conforms to the oral tissues.
3. The selection and placement of various rests, clasps, or attachments to improve retention, stability, and support of the denture.
4. The choice of materials used for the construction of the denture, including the type of acrylic resin, metal alloys, or other components.
5. Consideration of the patient's individual needs, preferences, and oral conditions to ensure optimal fit, comfort, and functionality.

The design process is typically carried out by a dental professional, such as a prosthodontist or denturist, in close collaboration with the patient to achieve a custom-made solution that meets their specific requirements.

Root canal preparation is a procedure in endodontics, which is the branch of dentistry dealing with the dental pulp and tissues surrounding the root of a tooth. The goal of root canal preparation is to thoroughly clean, shape, and disinfect the root canal system of an infected or damaged tooth, in order to prepare it for a filling material that will seal and protect the tooth from further infection or damage.

The procedure involves the use of specialized dental instruments, such as files and reamers, to remove the infected or necrotic pulp tissue and debris from within the root canal. The root canal is then shaped using progressively larger files to create a tapering preparation that facilitates the placement of the filling material. Irrigation solutions are used to help flush out any remaining debris and disinfect the canal.

The success of root canal preparation depends on several factors, including the thoroughness of cleaning and shaping, the effectiveness of disinfection, and the sealing ability of the filling material. Properly performed, root canal preparation can alleviate pain, save a tooth from extraction, and restore function and aesthetics to the mouth.

A partial denture, removable is a type of dental prosthesis used when one or more natural teeth remain in the upper or lower jaw. It is designed to replace the missing teeth and rest on the remaining teeth and gums for support. This type of denture can be removed by the patient for cleaning and while sleeping. It is typically made of acrylic resin, metal, or a combination of both, and is custom-fabricated to fit the individual's mouth for comfort and functionality.

A dental prosthesis is a device that replaces one or more missing teeth or parts of teeth to correct deficiencies in chewing ability, speech, and aesthetics. It can be removable or fixed (permanent) and can be made from various materials such as acrylic resin, porcelain, metal alloys, or a combination of these. Examples of dental prostheses include dentures, bridges, crowns, and implants.

Dental leakage, also known as "microleakage" in dental terminology, refers to the seepage or penetration of fluids, bacteria, or other substances between the walls of a dental restoration (such as a filling, crown, or bridge) and the prepared tooth structure. This occurs due to the presence of microscopic gaps or spaces at the interface of the restoration and the tooth.

Dental leakage can lead to several problems, including:

1. Recurrent decay: The seepage of fluids, bacteria, and sugars from the oral environment can cause secondary tooth decay around the margins of the restoration.
2. Sensitivity: Microleakage may result in temperature sensitivity or pain when consuming hot or cold foods and beverages due to fluid movement within the gap.
3. Discoloration: Over time, dental leakage might lead to staining of the tooth structure around the restoration, resulting in an unaesthetic appearance.
4. Failed restorations: Persistent dental leakage can weaken the bond between the restoration and the tooth, increasing the risk of restoration failure and the need for replacement.

To prevent dental leakage, dentists employ various techniques during restoration placement, such as using appropriate adhesives, following meticulous preparation protocols, and ensuring a tight seal around the margins of the restoration. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are essential to monitor the condition of existing restorations and address any issues before they become more severe.

Root canal obturation is the process of filling and sealing the root canal system of a tooth after it has been cleaned and shaped during endodontic treatment. The goal of obturation is to prevent reinfection or contamination of the root canal system by completely filling and sealing the space with an inert, biocompatible material such as gutta-percha and a suitable sealant. This procedure helps to preserve the natural tooth structure, alleviate pain, and maintain proper dental function.

Pulpitis is a dental term that refers to the inflammation of the pulp, which is the soft tissue inside the center of a tooth that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. The pulp helps to form the dentin, the hard layer beneath the enamel. Pulpitis can result from tooth decay, dental trauma, or other factors that cause damage to the tooth's protective enamel and dentin layers, exposing the pulp to irritants and bacteria.

There are two types of pulpitis: reversible and irreversible. Reversible pulpitis is characterized by mild inflammation that can be treated and potentially reversed with dental intervention, such as a filling or root canal treatment. Irreversible pulpitis, on the other hand, involves severe inflammation that cannot be reversed, and typically requires a root canal procedure to remove the infected pulp tissue and prevent further infection or damage to the tooth.

Symptoms of pulpitis may include tooth sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, pain or discomfort when biting down or applying pressure to the tooth, and in some cases, spontaneous or radiating pain. If left untreated, pulpitis can lead to more serious dental issues, such as abscesses or bone loss around the affected tooth.

Mastication is the medical term for the process of chewing food. It's the first step in digestion, where food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth, making it easier to swallow and further digest. The act of mastication involves not only the physical grinding and tearing of food by the teeth but also the mixing of the food with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin to break down carbohydrates. This process helps to enhance the efficiency of digestion and nutrient absorption in the subsequent stages of the digestive process.

Dental cements are materials used in dentistry to bond or seal restorative dental materials, such as crowns, fillings, and orthodontic appliances, to natural tooth structures. They can be made from various materials including glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc oxide eugenol, polycarboxylate, and composite resins. The choice of cement depends on the specific clinical situation and the properties required, such as strength, durability, biocompatibility, and esthetics.

Orthodontic appliances are devices used in orthodontics, a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. These appliances can be fixed or removable and are used to align teeth, correct jaw relationships, or modify dental forces. They can include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, space maintainers, and headgear, among others. The specific type of appliance used depends on the individual patient's needs and the treatment plan developed by the orthodontist.

MSX1 (Homeobox protein MSX-1) is a transcription factor that belongs to the muscle segment homebox gene family, also known as the msh homeobox genes. These genes are involved in the development and differentiation of various tissues, including muscle, bone, and neural crest derivatives.

MSX1 plays crucial roles during embryonic development, such as regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is widely expressed in the developing embryo, particularly in the oral ectoderm, neural crest, and mesenchyme. In the oral region, MSX1 helps control tooth development by interacting with other transcription factors and signaling molecules.

As a transcription factor, MSX1 binds to specific DNA sequences called homeobox response elements (HREs) in the promoter regions of its target genes. This binding either activates or represses gene expression, depending on the context and interacting partners. Dysregulation of MSX1 has been implicated in various developmental disorders and diseases, such as tooth agenesis, cleft lip/palate, and cancer.

Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that accumulates on the surface of the teeth, restorative materials, and prosthetic devices such as dentures. It is initiated when bacterial colonizers attach to the smooth surfaces of teeth through van der Waals forces and specific molecular adhesion mechanisms.

The microorganisms within the dental plaque produce extracellular polysaccharides that help to stabilize and strengthen the biofilm, making it resistant to removal by simple brushing or rinsing. Over time, if not regularly removed through oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing, dental plaque can mineralize and harden into tartar or calculus.

The bacteria in dental plaque can cause tooth decay (dental caries) by metabolizing sugars and producing acid that demineralizes the tooth enamel. Additionally, certain types of bacteria in dental plaque can cause periodontal disease, an inflammation of the gums that can lead to tissue damage and bone loss around the teeth. Regular professional dental cleanings and good oral hygiene practices are essential for preventing the buildup of dental plaque and maintaining good oral health.

Forensic dentistry, also known as forensic odontology, is a specialty in forensic science that involves the examination, identification, and evaluation of dental evidence for legal purposes. It encompasses various aspects such as:

1. Identification of deceased individuals through dental records comparison (e.g., during mass disasters or unidentified human remains).
2. Analysis of bite marks found on victims or objects related to criminal investigations.
3. Assessment of age, sex, ancestry, and other personal characteristics based on dental features.
4. Examination of cases of abuse, neglect, or malpractice in dentistry.
5. Evaluation of occupational dental injuries and diseases.

Forensic dentists often work closely with law enforcement agencies, medical examiners, and other legal professionals to provide expert testimony in court proceedings.

The dental sac, also known as the dental follicle, is a soft tissue structure that surrounds the developing tooth crown during odontogenesis, which is the process of tooth development. It is derived from the ectoderm and mesenchyme of the embryonic oral cavity. The dental sac gives rise to several important structures associated with the tooth, including the periodontal ligament, cementum, and the alveolar bone that surrounds and supports the tooth in the jaw.

The dental sac plays a critical role in tooth development by regulating the mineralization of the tooth crown and providing a protective environment for the developing tooth. It also contains cells called odontoblasts, which are responsible for producing dentin, one of the hard tissues that make up the tooth. Abnormalities in the development or growth of the dental sac can lead to various dental anomalies, such as impacted teeth, dilacerated roots, and other developmental disorders.

Bitewing radiography is a type of dental x-ray examination that involves taking multiple images of the teeth while they are bite together. These x-rays primarily provide a detailed view of the crowns of the upper and lower teeth in a single view, allowing dentists to diagnose and monitor interdental decay (decay between teeth), dental caries, and any bone loss around fillings or near the gum line. Bitewing radiographs are essential for detecting dental problems at an early stage, which can help prevent further damage and costly treatments in the future. They are typically taken annually or biennially during routine dental checkups.

Periapical diseases are a group of conditions that affect the periapical tissue, which is the tissue located at the tip of the tooth roots. These diseases are primarily caused by bacterial infections that originate from the dental pulp, the soft tissue inside the tooth. The most common types of periapical diseases include:

1. Periapical periodontitis: This is an inflammatory reaction of the periapical tissues due to the spread of infection from the dental pulp. It can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area.
2. Periapical abscess: An abscess is a collection of pus that forms in response to an infection. A periapical abscess occurs when the infection from the dental pulp spreads to the periapical tissue, causing pus to accumulate in the area. This can cause severe pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area.
3. Periapical granuloma: A granuloma is a mass of inflammatory cells that forms in response to an infection. A periapical granuloma is a small, benign tumor-like growth that develops in the periapical tissue due to chronic inflammation caused by a bacterial infection.

Periapical diseases are typically treated with root canal therapy, which involves removing the infected dental pulp and cleaning and sealing the root canals to prevent further infection. In some cases, extraction of the affected tooth may be necessary if the infection is too severe or if the tooth is not salvageable.

Malocclusion is a term used in dentistry and orthodontics to describe a misalignment or misrelation between the upper and lower teeth when they come together, also known as the bite. It is derived from the Latin words "mal" meaning bad or wrong, and "occludere" meaning to close.

There are different types of malocclusions, including:

1. Class I malocclusion: The most common type, where the upper teeth slightly overlap the lower teeth, but the bite is otherwise aligned.
2. Class II malocclusion (overbite): The upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth, causing a horizontal or vertical discrepancy between the dental arches.
3. Class III malocclusion (underbite): The lower teeth protrude beyond the upper teeth, resulting in a crossbite or underbite.

Malocclusions can be caused by various factors such as genetics, thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, premature loss of primary or permanent teeth, and jaw injuries or disorders. They may lead to several oral health issues, including tooth decay, gum disease, difficulty chewing or speaking, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Treatment for malocclusions typically involves orthodontic appliances like braces, aligners, or retainers to realign the teeth and correct the bite. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Amelogenin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the formation and mineralization of enamel, which is the hard, calcified tissue that covers the outer surface of teeth. It is expressed during tooth development and is secreted by ameloblasts, the cells responsible for producing enamel.

Amelogenin makes up approximately 90% of the organic matrix of developing enamel and guides the growth and organization of hydroxyapatite crystals, which are the primary mineral component of enamel. The protein is subsequently degraded and removed as the enamel matures and becomes fully mineralized.

Mutations in the gene that encodes amelogenin (AMELX on the X chromosome) can lead to various inherited enamel defects, such as amelogenesis imperfecta, which is characterized by thin, soft, or poorly formed enamel. Additionally, because of its high expression in developing teeth and unique size and structure, amelogenin has been widely used as a marker in forensic dentistry for human identification and sex determination.

PAX9 is a transcription factor that belongs to the PAX family of genes, which are characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the paired box. The PAX9 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays important roles in the development of several parts of the body, including the face and the teeth.

As a transcription factor, PAX9 binds to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of other genes. In the developing face, PAX9 helps regulate the formation of facial structures by controlling the growth and development of cells that give rise to bones and cartilage. In the developing teeth, PAX9 plays a critical role in tooth development by controlling the formation and growth of dental tissues.

Mutations in the PAX9 gene have been associated with several genetic disorders, including tooth agenesis (the absence of one or more teeth) and oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (a disorder that affects the development of the eyes, ears, and spine).

The dental arch refers to the curved shape formed by the upper or lower teeth when they come together. The dental arch follows the curve of the jaw and is important for proper bite alignment and overall oral health. The dental arches are typically described as having a U-shaped appearance, with the front teeth forming a narrower section and the back teeth forming a wider section. The shape and size of the dental arch can vary from person to person, and any significant deviations from the typical shape or size may indicate an underlying orthodontic issue that requires treatment.

A partial denture that is fixed, also known as a fixed partial denture or a dental bridge, is a type of prosthetic device used to replace one or more missing teeth. Unlike removable partial dentures, which can be taken out of the mouth for cleaning and maintenance, fixed partial dentures are permanently attached to the remaining natural teeth or implants surrounding the gap left by the missing tooth or teeth.

A typical fixed partial denture consists of an artificial tooth (or pontic) that is fused to one or two crowns on either side. The crowns are cemented onto the prepared surfaces of the adjacent teeth, providing a stable and secure attachment for the pontic. This creates a natural-looking and functional replacement for the missing tooth or teeth.

Fixed partial dentures offer several advantages over removable options, including improved stability, comfort, and aesthetics. However, they typically require more extensive preparation of the adjacent teeth, which may involve removing some healthy tooth structure to accommodate the crowns. Proper oral hygiene is essential to maintain the health of the supporting teeth and gums, as well as the longevity of the fixed partial denture. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also necessary to ensure the continued success of this type of restoration.

In medical terms, the jaw is referred to as the mandible (in humans and some other animals), which is the lower part of the face that holds the lower teeth in place. It's a large, horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw and serves as a attachment point for several muscles that are involved in chewing and moving the lower jaw.

In addition to the mandible, the upper jaw is composed of two bones known as the maxillae, which fuse together at the midline of the face to form the upper jaw. The upper jaw holds the upper teeth in place and forms the roof of the mouth, as well as a portion of the eye sockets and nasal cavity.

Together, the mandible and maxillae allow for various functions such as speaking, eating, and breathing.

A dental prosthesis is a device that replaces missing teeth or parts of teeth and restores their function and appearance. The design of a dental prosthesis refers to the plan and specifications used to create it, including the materials, shape, size, and arrangement of the artificial teeth and any supporting structures.

The design of a dental prosthesis is typically based on a variety of factors, including:

* The number and location of missing teeth
* The condition of the remaining teeth and gums
* The patient's bite and jaw alignment
* The patient's aesthetic preferences
* The patient's ability to chew and speak properly

There are several types of dental prostheses, including:

* Dentures: A removable appliance that replaces all or most of the upper or lower teeth.
* Fixed partial denture (FPD): Also known as a bridge, this is a fixed (non-removable) appliance that replaces one or more missing teeth by attaching artificial teeth to the remaining natural teeth on either side of the gap.
* Removable partial denture (RPD): A removable appliance that replaces some but not all of the upper or lower teeth.
* Implant-supported prosthesis: An artificial tooth or set of teeth that is supported by dental implants, which are surgically placed in the jawbone.

The design of a dental prosthesis must be carefully planned and executed to ensure a good fit, proper function, and natural appearance. It may involve several appointments with a dentist or dental specialist, such as a prosthodontist, to take impressions, make measurements, and try in the finished prosthesis.

The Periodontal Index (PI) is not a current or widely used medical/dental term. However, in the past, it was used to describe a method for assessing and measuring the severity of periodontal disease, also known as gum disease.

Developed by Henry H. Klein and colleagues in 1978, the Periodontal Index was a scoring system that evaluated four parameters: gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, calculus (tartar) presence, and periodontal pocket depths. The scores for each parameter ranged from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating worse periodontal health. The overall PI score was the sum of the individual parameter scores, ranging from 0 to 12.

However, due to its limited ability to predict future disease progression and the introduction of more comprehensive assessment methods like the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE), the use of the Periodontal Index has become less common in dental practice and research.

Dental photography is a type of clinical photography that focuses on documenting the condition and treatment of teeth and oral structures. It involves using specialized cameras, lenses, and lighting to capture high-quality images of the mouth and related areas. These images can be used for diagnostic purposes, patient education, treatment planning, communication with other dental professionals, and monitoring progress over time. Dental photography may include various types of shots, such as extraoral (outside the mouth) and intraoral (inside the mouth) views, close-ups of individual teeth or restorations, and full-face portraits. It requires a strong understanding of dental anatomy, lighting techniques, and image composition to produce accurate and informative images.

Dentin sensitivity is a common dental condition characterized by the short, sharp pain or discomfort in response to external stimuli, such as cold air, hot or cold foods and drinks, sweet or sour substances, and physical touch. This pain is typically caused by the exposure of dentin, the hard tissue beneath the tooth's enamel, due to receding gums, tooth decay, or other factors that wear down or damage the protective enamel layer.

When the dentin is exposed, the microscopic tubules within it become sensitive to temperature and pressure changes, allowing external stimuli to reach the nerve endings inside the tooth. This results in the characteristic pain or discomfort associated with dentin sensitivity. Dentin sensitivity can be managed through various treatments, including desensitizing toothpaste, fluoride applications, and dental restorations, depending on the underlying cause of the condition.

Dental amalgam is a commonly used dental filling material that consists of a mixture of metals, including silver, tin, copper, and mercury. The mercury binds the other metals together to form a strong, durable, and stable restoration that is resistant to wear and tear. Dental amalgam has been used for over 150 years to fill cavities and repair damaged teeth, and it remains a popular choice among dentists due to its strength, durability, and affordability.

However, there has been some controversy surrounding the use of dental amalgam due to concerns about the potential health effects of mercury exposure. While the majority of scientific evidence suggests that dental amalgam is safe for most people, some individuals may be more sensitive to mercury and may experience adverse reactions. As a result, some dentists may recommend alternative filling materials, such as composite resin or gold, for certain patients.

Overall, dental amalgam is a safe and effective option for filling cavities and restoring damaged teeth, but it is important to discuss any concerns or questions with a qualified dental professional.

Orthodontic brackets are small square attachments that are bonded to the teeth or bands that are attached to the back molars. They have a slot in which the orthodontic archwire fits and is held in place. The bracket can be made of stainless steel, ceramic, plastic or a combination of these materials. They play an essential role in moving the teeth into the desired position during orthodontic treatment.

Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs) are a type of dental restorative material that have the ability to chemically bond to tooth structure. They are composed of a mixture of silicate glass powder and an organic acid, such as polyacrylic acid. GICs have several clinical applications in dentistry, including as a filling material for small to moderate sized cavities, as a liner or base under other restorative materials, and as a cement for securing crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances.

GICs are known for their biocompatibility, caries inhibition, and adhesion to tooth structure. They also have the ability to release fluoride ions, which can help protect against future decay. However, they are not as strong or wear-resistant as some other dental restorative materials, such as amalgam or composite resin, so they may not be suitable for use in high-load bearing restorations.

GICs can be classified into two main types: conventional and resin-modified. Conventional GICs have a longer setting time and are more prone to moisture sensitivity during placement, while resin-modified GICs contain additional methacrylate monomers that improve their handling properties and shorten their setting time. However, the addition of these monomers may also reduce their fluoride release capacity.

Overall, glass ionomer cements are a valuable dental restorative material due to their unique combination of adhesion, biocompatibility, and caries inhibition properties.

Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness, swelling and bleeding of the gingiva, or gums. It's important to note that it is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional dental treatment. If left untreated, however, gingivitis can progress to a more severe form of gum disease known as periodontitis, which can result in tissue damage and eventual tooth loss.

Gingivitis is most commonly caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on our teeth. When not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, this plaque can harden into tartar, which is more difficult to remove and contributes to gum inflammation. Other factors like hormonal changes, poor nutrition, certain medications, smoking or a weakened immune system may also increase the risk of developing gingivitis.

Calcium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is also known as slaked lime or hydrated lime. Calcium hydroxide is a white, odorless, tasteless, and alkaline powder that dissolves in water to form a caustic solution.

Medically, calcium hydroxide is used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach. It is also used as a topical agent to treat skin conditions such as poison ivy rash, sunburn, and minor burns. When applied to the skin, calcium hydroxide helps to reduce inflammation, neutralize irritants, and promote healing.

In dental applications, calcium hydroxide is used as a filling material for root canals and as a paste to treat tooth sensitivity. It has the ability to stimulate the formation of new dentin, which is the hard tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth.

It's important to note that calcium hydroxide should be used with caution, as it can cause irritation and burns if it comes into contact with the eyes or mucous membranes. It should also be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat and open flames.

Dental esthetics refers to the branch of dentistry concerned with the aesthetic appearance of teeth and smile. It involves the use of various dental treatments and procedures to improve the color, shape, alignment, and position of teeth, thereby enhancing the overall facial appearance and self-confidence of a person. Some common dental esthetic treatments include tooth whitening, dental veneers, composite bonding, orthodontic treatment (braces), and dental implants. It is important to note that dental esthetics not only focuses on improving the appearance but also maintaining or improving oral health and function.

Inlays are a type of dental restoration used to repair and restore teeth that have been damaged by decay or trauma. They are custom-made fillings made in a laboratory, typically from materials such as gold, porcelain, or composite resin. Inlays are designed to fit precisely into the cavity or damaged area of a tooth, restoring its strength, function, and appearance. Unlike traditional fillings, which are molded directly onto the tooth, inlays are created outside of the mouth and then bonded or cemented into place during a separate dental appointment. This makes them a more durable and long-lasting solution for repairing damaged teeth. Inlays can also be used to replace old or failing fillings, providing a stronger and more aesthetically pleasing alternative.

Acid etching in dental terminology refers to a surface treatment technique used in dentistry, particularly for bonding procedures. This process involves the application of a mild acid (usually phosphoric or maleic acid) onto the enamel or dentin surface of a tooth. The acid etches the surface by selectively removing the minerals and creating microscopic irregularities or porosities.

This etched surface provides an increased surface area and better mechanical retention for bonding agents, resin composites, or dental cements. As a result, the bond between the tooth and the restorative material becomes stronger and more durable. Acid etching is widely used in various dental procedures such as direct and indirect tooth-colored restorations, veneers, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic attachments.

Periodontal splints are dental devices used to stabilize and support loose teeth that have been weakened by periodontal disease (gum disease). These splints can be made from various materials such as acrylic, metal wire, or fiber-reinforced composites. They function by connecting the affected tooth or teeth to adjacent stable teeth, creating a fixed unit that helps distribute forces evenly during biting and chewing, reducing mobility and promoting healing of the periodontal tissues.

There are different types of periodontal splints, including:

1. Intra-coronal splints: These are fixed to the inside (lingual) surface of the affected teeth using dental cement or adhesive. They typically involve the use of a metal wire that is bonded to the inner surfaces of the loose teeth and connected to stable neighboring teeth.
2. Extra-coronal splints: These are fixed to the outside (labial or buccal) surface of the affected teeth using dental cement or adhesive. They usually consist of a metal wire or fiber-reinforced composite material that encircles the loose teeth and is connected to stable neighboring teeth.
3. Removable splints: These are similar to dental appliances such as dentures or orthodontic retainers, and they can be removed for cleaning and maintenance. They typically consist of an acrylic base with metal clasps or wires that hook onto the affected teeth and stable neighboring teeth.

The choice of periodontal splint depends on various factors, including the number of loose teeth, their location in the mouth, the severity of mobility, patient preferences, and oral hygiene practices. Periodontal splints are often used in conjunction with other periodontal treatments, such as scaling and root planing, to improve treatment outcomes and promote long-term dental health.

Gutta-Percha is defined in the medical field as a naturally occurring rubber derived from the sap of the Palaquium gutta tree, which is native to Malaysia. It has been historically used in various medical and dental applications due to its unique properties such as being malleable yet durable when heated, and remaining stable at room temperature.

In dentistry, gutta-percha is commonly utilized as a root canal filling material, as it can be easily shaped and compacted into the root canal space to seal off the tooth from bacteria and other infectious agents. It is often used in combination with a sealer cement to ensure a proper seal and prevent reinfection of the tooth.

Overall, gutta-percha is a valuable material in medical and dental applications due to its unique properties and versatility.

Cariostatic agents are substances or medications that are used to prevent or inhibit the development and progression of dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities. These agents work by reducing the ability of bacteria in the mouth to produce acid, which can erode the enamel and dentin of the teeth and lead to cavities.

There are several types of cariostatic agents that are commonly used in dental care, including:

1. Fluorides: These are the most widely used and well-studied cariostatic agents. They work by promoting the remineralization of tooth enamel and making it more resistant to acid attacks. Fluoride can be found in toothpaste, mouthwashes, gels, varnishes, and fluoridated water supplies.
2. Antimicrobial agents: These substances work by reducing the population of bacteria in the mouth that contribute to tooth decay. Examples include chlorhexidine, triclosan, and xylitol.
3. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP): This is a complex protein that has been shown to help remineralize tooth enamel and reduce the risk of dental caries. It can be found in some toothpastes and mouthwashes.
4. Silver diamine fluoride: This is a topical fluoride compound that contains silver ions, which have antimicrobial properties. It has been shown to be effective in preventing and arresting dental caries, particularly in high-risk populations such as young children and older adults with dry mouth.

It's important to note that while cariostatic agents can help reduce the risk of tooth decay, they are not a substitute for good oral hygiene practices such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting the dentist regularly.

Periapical tissue, in the field of dentistry and oral medicine, refers to the tissue that surrounds the apical region of a tooth. The apical region is the tip or apex of the root of a tooth. Periapical tissues include the periodontal ligament, the alveolar bone, and the dental follicle. These tissues play a crucial role in supporting and protecting the tooth. Inflammation or infection of the periapical tissue can lead to a condition known as periapical periodontitis, which may require root canal treatment or tooth extraction.

Pit and fissure sealants are a preventive dental treatment that involves the application of a thin, plastic coating to the chewing surfaces of teeth, usually the molars and premolars. The goal of this treatment is to protect the pits and fissures, which are the grooves and depressions on the chewing surfaces of teeth, from decay.

The sealant material flows into the pits and fissures, creating a smooth, protective barrier that prevents food and bacteria from becoming trapped in these areas and causing cavities. The procedure is typically quick, painless, and non-invasive, and can be performed during a routine dental checkup. Sealants are most commonly recommended for children and adolescents, but they may also be appropriate for adults who are at high risk of tooth decay.

Dentin-bonding agents are substances used in dentistry to create a strong and durable bond between the dental restoration material (such as composite resin, glass ionomer cement, or crowns) and the dentin surface of a tooth. Dentin is the hard tissue that lies beneath the enamel and consists of microscopic tubules filled with fluid.

The primary function of dentin-bonding agents is to improve the adhesion of restorative materials to the tooth structure, enhancing the retention and durability of dental fillings, crowns, veneers, and other types of restorations. These agents typically contain one or more types of bonding resins, such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META), and/or phosphoric acid ester monomers.

The application process for dentin-bonding agents usually involves several steps, including:

1. Etching the dentin surface with a mild acid to remove the smear layer and expose the collagen network within the dentin tubules.
2. Applying a primer that penetrates into the etched dentin and promotes the infiltration of bonding resins into the dentinal tubules.
3. Applying an adhesive, which is typically a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers, to form a stable bond between the tooth structure and the restoration material.
4. Light-curing the adhesive to polymerize the resin and create a strong mechanical bond with the dentin surface.

Dentin-bonding agents have significantly improved the clinical success of various dental restorations by enhancing their retention, reducing microleakage, and minimizing postoperative sensitivity. However, they may still be susceptible to degradation over time due to factors such as moisture contamination, enzymatic degradation, or hydrolysis, which can lead to the failure of dental restorations. Therefore, continuous advancements in dentin-bonding technology are essential for improving the long-term success and durability of dental restorations.

Dentinogenesis is the process of dentin formation, which is one of the main components of teeth. Dentin is a hard, calcified tissue that lies beneath the tooth's enamel and cementum layers, providing structural support and protection to the pulp tissue containing nerves and blood vessels. The process of dentinogenesis involves the differentiation and activation of odontoblasts, which are specialized cells that synthesize and secrete the organic and inorganic components of dentin matrix. These components include collagenous proteins and hydroxyapatite crystals, which form a highly mineralized tissue that is both strong and flexible. Dentinogenesis continues throughout life as new layers of dentin are formed in response to various stimuli such as tooth wear, dental caries, or injury.

Orthodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. The term "corrective" in this context refers to the use of appliances (such as braces, aligners, or other devices) to move teeth into their proper position and correct malocclusion (bad bite). This not only improves the appearance of the teeth but also helps to ensure better function, improved oral health, and overall dental well-being.

The goal of corrective orthodontics is to create a balanced and harmonious relationship between the teeth, jaws, and facial structures. Treatment may be recommended for children, adolescents, or adults and can help address various issues such as crowding, spacing, overbites, underbites, crossbites, open bites, and jaw growth discrepancies. A combination of techniques, including fixed or removable appliances, may be used to achieve the desired outcome. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary throughout treatment to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.

Orthodontic extrusion is a dental treatment procedure that involves the deliberate and controlled vertical movement of a tooth out of its socket with the use of orthodontic appliances. This technique is often used in orthodontics to align teeth, correct their position, or prepare them for other procedures such as crowns or bridges.

During the extrusion process, gentle force is applied to the tooth using specific orthodontic appliances, like a spring or an elastic band, which causes the tooth to move slowly in an upward direction. The movement is usually slow and gradual, taking several weeks or even months to achieve the desired result.

Orthodontic extrusion has various clinical applications, such as intruding deep overerupted teeth, uprighting tilted teeth, creating space for restorative work, or aiding in the eruption of impacted teeth. It is essential to maintain good oral hygiene and have regular check-ups with an orthodontist during the treatment to ensure proper healing and avoid any potential complications.

Dental alloys are materials made by combining two or more metals to be used in dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, fillings, and orthodontic appliances. These alloys can be classified into three main categories based on their composition:

1. Precious Alloys: Predominantly composed of precious metals like gold, platinum, palladium, and silver. They are highly corrosion-resistant, biocompatible, and durable, making them suitable for long-term use in dental restorations. Common examples include high noble (gold) alloys and noble alloys.
2. Base Metal Alloys: Contain primarily non-precious metals like nickel, chromium, cobalt, and beryllium. They are more affordable than precious alloys but may cause allergic reactions or sensitivities in some patients. Common examples include nickel-chromium alloys and cobalt-chromium alloys.
3. Castable Glass Ionomer Alloys: A combination of glass ionomer cement (GIC) powder and metal liquid, which can be cast into various dental restorations. They have the advantage of being both strong and adhesive to tooth structure but may not be as durable as other alloy types.

Each type of dental alloy has its unique properties and applications, depending on the specific clinical situation and patient needs. Dental professionals consider factors like cost, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and esthetics when selecting an appropriate alloy for a dental restoration.

Endodontics is a branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases or injuries of the dental pulp (the soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue) and the tissues surrounding the root of the tooth. The most common endodontic procedure is root canal therapy, which involves removing infected or inflamed pulp tissue from within the tooth, cleaning and shaping the root canals, and filling and sealing the space to prevent reinfection. Endodontists are dental specialists who have undergone additional training in this field beyond dental school.

Orthodontic appliance design refers to the creation and development of medical devices used in orthodontics, which is a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of dental and facial irregularities. The design process involves creating a customized treatment plan for each patient, based on their specific needs and goals.

Orthodontic appliances can be removable or fixed and are used to move teeth into proper alignment, improve jaw function, and enhance the overall appearance of the smile. Some common types of orthodontic appliances include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, and retainers.

The design of an orthodontic appliance typically involves several factors, including:

1. The specific dental or facial problem being addressed
2. The patient's age, overall health, and oral hygiene habits
3. The patient's lifestyle and personal preferences
4. The estimated treatment time and cost
5. The potential risks and benefits of the appliance

Orthodontic appliance design is a complex process that requires a thorough understanding of dental anatomy, biomechanics, and materials science. It is typically performed by an orthodontist or a dental technician with specialized training in this area. The goal of orthodontic appliance design is to create a device that is both effective and comfortable for the patient, while also ensuring that it is safe and easy to use.

A periodontal pocket is a pathological space or gap that develops between the tooth and the surrounding gum tissue (gingiva) as a result of periodontal disease. This condition is also known as a "periodontal depth" or "probing depth." It is measured in millimeters using a dental probe, and it indicates the level of attachment loss of the gingival tissue to the tooth.

In a healthy periodontium, the sulcus (the normal space between the tooth and gum) measures 1-3 mm in depth. However, when there is inflammation due to bacterial accumulation, the gums may become red, swollen, and bleed easily. As the disease progresses, the sulcus deepens, forming a periodontal pocket, which can extend deeper than 3 mm.

Periodontal pockets provide an environment that is conducive to the growth of harmful bacteria, leading to further tissue destruction and bone loss around the tooth. If left untreated, periodontal disease can result in loose teeth and eventually tooth loss. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are essential for maintaining healthy gums and preventing periodontal pockets from developing or worsening.

A pulpotomy is a dental procedure that involves the removal of the pulp tissue from the crown portion of a tooth, while leaving the vital pulp tissue in the root canals. This procedure is typically performed on primary teeth (baby teeth) that have been damaged due to decay or trauma, but still have a healthy root canal system.

The goal of a pulpotomy is to preserve the vitality of the remaining tooth structure and prevent premature exfoliation of the primary tooth. After removing the infected or inflamed pulp tissue from the crown, a medicated dressing is placed over the remaining pulpal tissue in the root canals to promote healing and maintain the tooth's vitality.

A stainless steel crown is then typically placed over the tooth to provide additional protection and support. A pulpotomy can help alleviate pain, prevent further infection, and maintain the natural space for the permanent tooth to erupt properly.

Dental porcelain is a type of biocompatible ceramic material that is commonly used in restorative and cosmetic dentistry to create tooth-colored restorations such as crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays, and bridges. It is made from a mixture of powdered porcelain and water, which is heated to high temperatures to form a hard, glass-like substance. Dental porcelain has several desirable properties for dental restorations, including:

1. High strength and durability: Dental porcelain is strong enough to withstand the forces of biting and chewing, making it suitable for use in load-bearing restorations such as crowns and bridges.
2. Natural appearance: Dental porcelain can be matched closely to the color, translucency, and texture of natural teeth, allowing for highly aesthetic restorations that blend seamlessly with the surrounding dentition.
3. Biocompatibility: Dental porcelain is biologically inert and does not cause adverse reactions or toxicity in the body, making it a safe choice for dental restorations.
4. Chemical resistance: Dental porcelain is resistant to staining and chemical attack from substances such as coffee, tea, red wine, and acidic foods and drinks.
5. Low thermal conductivity: Dental porcelain has low thermal conductivity, which means it does not transmit heat or cold readily, reducing the risk of temperature sensitivity in dental restorations.

Overall, dental porcelain is a versatile and reliable material for creating high-quality, natural-looking, and durable dental restorations.

Bruxism is the medical term for grinding or clenching your teeth. It's often an unconscious habit that can occur during the day or at night (nocturnal bruxism). Mild bruxism may not require treatment, but chronic, severe grinding can lead to jaw disorders, headaches, and damaged teeth.

There are several potential causes of bruxism, including stress, anxiety, certain medications, alcohol and drug use, and sleep disorders. Dentists often diagnose bruxism based on the visible signs of wear on your teeth, or they may ask you about symptoms you're experiencing. Treatment for bruxism can include stress management techniques, dental guards to protect your teeth during sleep, and in some cases, medication.

Alveolar bone loss refers to the breakdown and resorption of the alveolar process of the jawbone, which is the part of the jaw that contains the sockets of the teeth. This type of bone loss is often caused by periodontal disease, a chronic inflammation of the gums and surrounding tissues that can lead to the destruction of the structures that support the teeth.

In advanced stages of periodontal disease, the alveolar bone can become severely damaged or destroyed, leading to tooth loss. Alveolar bone loss can also occur as a result of other conditions, such as osteoporosis, trauma, or tumors. Dental X-rays and other imaging techniques are often used to diagnose and monitor alveolar bone loss. Treatment may include deep cleaning of the teeth and gums, medications, surgery, or tooth extraction in severe cases.

Dental digital radiography is a type of medical imaging that uses digital sensors instead of traditional X-ray film to produce highly detailed images of the teeth, gums, and surrounding structures. This technology offers several advantages over conventional dental radiography, including:

1. Lower radiation exposure: Digital sensors require less radiation to produce an image compared to traditional film, making it a safer option for patients.
2. Instant results: The images captured by digital sensors are immediately displayed on a computer screen, allowing dentists to quickly assess the patient's oral health and discuss any findings with them during the appointment.
3. Improved image quality: Digital radiography produces clearer and more precise images compared to traditional film, enabling dentists to better detect issues such as cavities, fractures, or tumors.
4. Enhanced communication: The ability to easily manipulate and enhance digital images allows for better communication between dental professionals and improved patient education.
5. Environmentally friendly: Digital radiography eliminates the need for chemical processing and disposal of used film, making it a more environmentally conscious choice.
6. Easy storage and retrieval: Digital images can be stored electronically and accessed easily for future reference or consultation with other dental professionals.
7. Remote consultations: Digital images can be shared remotely with specialists or insurance companies, facilitating faster diagnoses and treatment planning.

A partial denture that is fixed and bonded with resin is a type of dental restoration used when one or more natural teeth are missing in a jaw. Unlike removable partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, also known as "dental bridges," are permanently attached to the remaining teeth or implants for support.

In this specific type, the false tooth (or pontic) is connected to the adjacent teeth with the help of resin-bonded retainers, which are made from a special dental resin material. The retainers are bonded to the back surfaces of the supporting teeth, providing a secure and stable fit for the replacement tooth.

Resin-bonded fixed partial dentures offer several advantages, including minimally invasive preparation, lower cost compared to other types of bridges, and quicker installation time. However, they may not be suitable for all cases, especially when supporting teeth have large fillings or significant crowning. A dental professional can determine the most appropriate treatment option based on an individual's oral health needs and preferences.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "silicates" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Silicates are a broad class of minerals that are composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in various arrangements. They are abundant in Earth's crust and are commonly found in sand, quartz, and many types of rocks.

While not directly related to human health, some silicate-based materials can have medical applications. For example, certain forms of magnesium silicate (talc) have been used as a component in some medications for their ability to absorb moisture and help reduce the risk of skin irritation. However, exposure to certain types of silica dust (like crystalline silica) has been linked to lung diseases such as silicosis, bronchitis, and lung cancer, especially in occupational settings like construction, sandblasting, and mining.

If you have any concerns about silicates or their potential impact on your health, I would recommend consulting a healthcare professional for personalized advice based on your specific situation.

Dental radiography is a specific type of imaging that uses radiation to produce detailed images of the teeth, bones, and soft tissues surrounding them. It is a crucial tool in dental diagnostics and treatment planning. There are several types of dental radiographs, including:

1. Intraoral Radiographs: These are taken inside the mouth and provide detailed images of individual teeth or small groups of teeth. They can help detect cavities, assess periodontal health, plan for restorations, and monitor tooth development in children. Common types of intraoral radiographs include bitewing, periapical, and occlusal radiographs.
2. Extraoral Radiographs: These are taken outside the mouth and provide images of larger areas, such as the entire jaw or skull. They can help diagnose issues related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), detect impacted teeth, assess bone health, and identify any abnormalities in the facial structure. Common types of extraoral radiographs include panoramic, cephalometric, and sialography radiographs.
3. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): This is a specialized type of dental radiography that uses a cone-shaped X-ray beam to create detailed 3D images of the teeth, bones, and soft tissues. It is particularly useful in planning complex treatments such as dental implants, orthodontic treatment, and oral surgery.

Dental radiographs are typically taken using a specialized machine that emits a low dose of radiation. Patients are provided with protective lead aprons to minimize exposure to radiation. The frequency of dental radiographs depends on the patient's individual needs and medical history. Dentists follow strict guidelines to ensure that dental radiography is safe and effective for their patients.

Acrylic resins are a type of synthetic polymer made from methacrylate monomers. They are widely used in various industrial, commercial, and medical applications due to their unique properties such as transparency, durability, resistance to breakage, and ease of coloring or molding. In the medical field, acrylic resins are often used to make dental restorations like false teeth and fillings, medical devices like intraocular lenses, and surgical instruments. They can also be found in orthopedic implants, bone cement, and other medical-grade plastics. Acrylic resins are biocompatible, meaning they do not typically cause adverse reactions when in contact with living tissue. However, they may release small amounts of potentially toxic chemicals over time, so their long-term safety in certain applications is still a subject of ongoing research.

In medical terms, "fossils" do not have a specific or direct relevance to the field. However, in a broader scientific context, fossils are the remains or impressions of prehistoric organisms preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. They offer valuable evidence about the Earth's history and the life forms that existed on it millions of years ago.

Paleopathology is a subfield of paleontology that deals with the study of diseases in fossils, which can provide insights into the evolution of diseases and human health over time.

A dental restoration, temporary, is a type of dental restorative material or device that is used for a short period of time to restore the function, shape, and aesthetics of a damaged or decayed tooth. It serves as a placeholder until a permanent restoration can be created and placed.

Temporary dental restorations are typically made of materials such as cotton, plastic, or metal alloys that are easy to manipulate and remove. They may be used in various situations, including:

1. To protect the tooth pulp from further damage or infection after a deep cavity preparation or root canal treatment.
2. To restore the shape and function of a fractured or chipped tooth while waiting for a permanent restoration to be fabricated.
3. As a provisional restoration during the period of healing following oral surgery, such as extraction or implant placement.
4. In some cases, temporary dental restorations may also serve as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the patient's comfort and function before proceeding with a permanent restoration.

It is important to note that temporary dental restorations are not intended for long-term use and should be replaced with a permanent restoration as soon as possible to ensure optimal oral health and functionality.

Surface properties in the context of medical science refer to the characteristics and features of the outermost layer or surface of a biological material or structure, such as cells, tissues, organs, or medical devices. These properties can include physical attributes like roughness, smoothness, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical properties like charge, reactivity, and composition.

In the field of biomaterials science, understanding surface properties is crucial for designing medical implants, devices, and drug delivery systems that can interact safely and effectively with biological tissues and fluids. Surface modifications, such as coatings or chemical treatments, can be used to alter surface properties and enhance biocompatibility, improve lubricity, reduce fouling, or promote specific cellular responses like adhesion, proliferation, or differentiation.

Similarly, in the field of cell biology, understanding surface properties is essential for studying cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and cell behavior. Cells can sense and respond to changes in their environment, including variations in surface properties, which can influence cell shape, motility, and function. Therefore, characterizing and manipulating surface properties can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular processes and offer new strategies for developing therapies and treatments for various diseases.

A dental abutment is a component of a dental implant restoration that connects the implant to the replacement tooth or teeth. It serves as a support structure and is attached to the implant, which is surgically placed in the jawbone. The abutment provides a stable foundation for the placement of a crown, bridge, or denture, depending on the patient's individual needs.

Dental abutments can be made from various materials such as titanium, zirconia, or other biocompatible materials. They come in different shapes and sizes to accommodate the specific requirements of each implant case. The selection of an appropriate dental abutment is crucial for ensuring a successful and long-lasting dental implant restoration.

Epoxy resins are a type of synthetic polymer that are created through the reaction of an epoxide compound with a hardening agent or curing agent. These materials are known for their strong adhesive properties, chemical resistance, and durability. They are commonly used in coatings, adhesives, and composite materials for various industrial, commercial, and consumer applications.

In medical contexts, epoxy resins may be used to create durable and reliable components for medical devices or equipment. For example, they might be used to make housings for medical instruments, or to bond together different parts of a medical device. However, it's worth noting that epoxy resins are not typically used in direct contact with the body or as part of medical treatments.

It's important to note that while epoxy resins have many useful properties, they can also release potentially harmful chemicals during their production and disposal. As such, appropriate safety precautions should be taken when working with these materials.

Dental marginal adaptation refers to the way in which a dental restoration, such as a filling or crown, fits precisely and accurately along the margin or edge where it meets the tooth structure. The term "marginal" describes the border between the restoration and the tooth. Ideally, this junction should be tight and smooth, without any gaps or spaces that could allow for the accumulation of bacteria, food debris, or dental plaque.

Achieving good marginal adaptation is crucial to ensure the longevity and success of a dental restoration. When the margin is well-adapted, it helps prevent microleakage, secondary tooth decay, and sensitivity. It also contributes to the overall seal and integrity of the restoration, minimizing the risk of recurrent caries or other complications.

The process of achieving optimal marginal adaptation involves careful preparation of the tooth structure, precise impression-taking techniques, and meticulous fabrication of the dental restoration. The use of high-quality materials and modern technologies, such as digital impressions and CAD/CAM systems, can further enhance the accuracy and predictability of the marginal adaptation.

Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel caused by excessive exposure to fluoride during tooth development. It is characterized by hypomineralization of the enamel, resulting in various appearances ranging from barely noticeable white spots to brown staining and pitting of the teeth. The severity depends on the amount, duration, and timing of fluoride intake, as well as individual susceptibility. Mild dental fluorosis is typically asymptomatic but can affect the appearance of teeth, while severe cases may cause tooth sensitivity and increased susceptibility to tooth decay.

Dentures are defined as a removable dental appliance that replaces missing teeth and surrounding tissues. They are made to resemble your natural teeth and may even enhance your smile. There are two types of dentures - complete and partial. Complete dentures are used when all the teeth are missing, while partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain.

Complete dentures cover the entire upper or lower jaw, while partial dentures replace one or more missing teeth by attaching to the remaining teeth. Dentures improve chewing ability, speech, and support the facial muscles and structure, preventing sagging of the cheeks and jowls that can occur with missing teeth.

The process of getting dentures usually involves several appointments with a dental professional, who will take impressions and measurements of your mouth to ensure a proper fit and comfortable bite. It may take some time to get used to wearing dentures, but they are an effective solution for restoring a natural-looking smile and improving oral function in people who have lost their teeth.

Phosphoric acids are a group of mineral acids known chemically as orthophosphoric acid and its salts or esters. The chemical formula for orthophosphoric acid is H3PO4. It is a weak acid that partially dissociates in solution to release hydrogen ions (H+), making it acidic. Phosphoric acid has many uses in various industries, including food additives, fertilizers, and detergents.

In the context of medical definitions, phosphoric acids are not typically referred to directly. However, they can be relevant in certain medical contexts, such as:

* In dentistry, phosphoric acid is used as an etching agent to prepare tooth enamel for bonding with dental materials.
* In nutrition, phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including energy metabolism, bone and teeth formation, and nerve function. Phosphoric acid is one form of phosphorus found in some foods and beverages.
* In medical research, phosphoric acids can be used as buffers to maintain a stable pH in laboratory experiments or as reagents in various analytical techniques.

Secondary dentin is a type of dentin that is formed after the initial development of the tooth. It is produced in response to stimuli such as tooth wear or injury and continues to form throughout an individual's life. Unlike primary dentin, which is laid down during tooth development and has a more uniform structure, secondary dentin is often deposited in a less organized manner and can vary in thickness. The formation of secondary dentin can help to protect the pulp tissue within the tooth from further damage or infection.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "toothpastes" is the plural form of "toothpaste," which is not a medical condition or procedure that requires a definition. However, I can provide you with some information about toothpaste.

Toothpaste is a dental hygiene product used to clean and maintain the health of teeth and gums. It generally contains mild abrasives, flavoring, and fluoride to help remove plaque, prevent tooth decay, and freshen breath. There are various types of toothpastes available on the market, including those formulated for sensitive teeth, whitening, gum health, and tartar control. It is essential to choose a toothpaste that meets your specific dental needs and has the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance, ensuring its safety and effectiveness.

Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the formula NaOCl. It is a pale greenish-yellow liquid that is highly reactive and unstable in its pure form. However, it is commonly available as a dilute aqueous solution known as bleach, which has the characteristic smell of chlorine.

In medical terms, sodium hypochlorite is widely used for its disinfectant and antiseptic properties. It is effective against a broad range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Sodium hypochlorite solution is commonly used to disinfect surfaces, medical instruments, and wounds.

When applied to wounds or skin infections, sodium hypochlorite can help reduce bacterial load, promote healing, and prevent infection. It is also a component of some mouthwashes and toothpastes, where it helps to kill bacteria and freshen breath. However, it can be irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, so it should be used with caution and at appropriate concentrations.

Calcium compounds are chemical substances that contain calcium ions (Ca2+) bonded to various anions. Calcium is an essential mineral for human health, and calcium compounds have numerous biological and industrial applications. Here are some examples of calcium compounds with their medical definitions:

1. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): A common mineral found in rocks and sediments, calcium carbonate is also a major component of shells, pearls, and bones. It is used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency and as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid.
2. Calcium citrate (C6H8CaO7): A calcium salt of citric acid, calcium citrate is often used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It is more soluble in water and gastric juice than calcium carbonate, making it easier to absorb, especially for people with low stomach acid.
3. Calcium gluconate (C12H22CaO14): A calcium salt of gluconic acid, calcium gluconate is used as a medication to treat or prevent hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels). It can be given intravenously, orally, or topically.
4. Calcium chloride (CaCl2): A white, deliquescent salt, calcium chloride is used as a de-icing agent, a food additive, and a desiccant. In medical settings, it can be used to treat hypocalcemia or hyperkalemia, or as an antidote for magnesium overdose.
5. Calcium lactate (C6H10CaO6): A calcium salt of lactic acid, calcium lactate is used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It is less commonly used than calcium carbonate or calcium citrate but may be better tolerated by some people.
6. Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2): A mineral found in rocks and bones, calcium phosphate is used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It can also be used as a food additive or a pharmaceutical excipient.
7. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4): A white, insoluble powder, calcium sulfate is used as a desiccant, a plaster, and a fertilizer. In medical settings, it can be used to treat hypocalcemia or as an antidote for magnesium overdose.
8. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2): A white, alkaline powder, calcium hydroxide is used as a disinfectant, a flocculant, and a building material. In medical settings, it can be used to treat hyperkalemia or as an antidote for aluminum overdose.
9. Calcium acetate (Ca(C2H3O2)2): A white, crystalline powder, calcium acetate is used as a food additive and a medication. It can be used to treat hyperphosphatemia (high blood phosphate levels) in patients with kidney disease.
10. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): A white, chalky powder, calcium carbonate is used as a dietary supplement, a food additive, and a pharmaceutical excipient. It can also be used as a building material and a mineral supplement.

Periodontitis is a severe form of gum disease that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting your teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss. It is caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on our teeth. The body's immune system fights the bacterial infection, which causes an inflammatory response. If the inflammation continues for a long time, it can damage the tissues and bones that support the teeth.

The early stage of periodontitis is called gingivitis, which is characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily when brushed or flossed. When gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to periodontitis. In addition to plaque, other factors that increase the risk of developing periodontitis include smoking or using tobacco products, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, a weakened immune system, and genetic factors.

Regular dental checkups and good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and using an antimicrobial mouth rinse, can help prevent periodontitis. Treatment for periodontitis may include deep cleaning procedures, medications, or surgery in severe cases.

A dental fistula is an abnormal connection or tunnel that develops between the oral cavity and the skin or other soft tissues, usually as a result of an infection in the teeth or surrounding structures. The infection can lead to the formation of a pus-filled sac (abscess) that eventually breaks through the bone or soft tissue, creating a small opening or channel that allows the pus to drain out.

The dental fistula is often accompanied by symptoms such as pain, swelling, redness, and difficulty swallowing or chewing. The infection can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated, so it's important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect that you have a dental fistula.

The treatment for a dental fistula typically involves addressing the underlying infection, which may involve antibiotics, drainage of the abscess, and/or removal of the affected tooth or teeth. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the damage to the bone or soft tissue and prevent further complications.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a type of electron microscopy that uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample and produce a high-resolution image. In SEM, a beam of electrons is scanned across the surface of a specimen, and secondary electrons are emitted from the sample due to interactions between the electrons and the atoms in the sample. These secondary electrons are then detected by a detector and used to create an image of the sample's surface topography. SEM can provide detailed images of the surface of a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and biological samples. It is commonly used in materials science, biology, and electronics for the examination and analysis of surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate (BPAGM) is a type of chemical compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycidyl methacrylates. It is created by the reaction between bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate.

BPAGM is used in various industrial applications, including the production of coatings, adhesives, and resins. In the medical field, it has been used as a component in some dental materials, such as bonding agents and composite resins. However, due to concerns about its potential health effects, including its possible estrogenic activity and potential to cause reproductive toxicity, its use in dental materials has become more restricted in recent years.

It is important to note that exposure to BPAGM should be limited as much as possible, and appropriate safety measures should be taken when handling this chemical compound.

Dinosaurs are a group of reptiles that were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous period. They first appeared approximately 230 million years ago and went extinct around 65 million years ago.

Dinosaurs are characterized by their upright stance, with legs positioned directly under their bodies, and a wide range of body sizes and shapes. Some dinosaurs were enormous, such as the long-necked sauropods that could reach lengths of over 100 feet, while others were small and agile.

Dinosaurs are classified into two main groups: the saurischians (lizard-hipped) and the ornithischians (bird-hipped). The saurischians include both the large carnivorous theropods, such as Tyrannosaurus rex, and the long-necked sauropods. The ornithischians were primarily herbivores and included a diverse array of species, such as the armored ankylosaurs and the horned ceratopsians.

Despite their extinction, dinosaurs have left a lasting impact on our planet and continue to be a source of fascination for people of all ages. The study of dinosaurs, known as paleontology, has shed light on many aspects of Earth's history and the evolution of life on our planet.

Nonparametric statistics is a branch of statistics that does not rely on assumptions about the distribution of variables in the population from which the sample is drawn. In contrast to parametric methods, nonparametric techniques make fewer assumptions about the data and are therefore more flexible in their application. Nonparametric tests are often used when the data do not meet the assumptions required for parametric tests, such as normality or equal variances.

Nonparametric statistical methods include tests such as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (also known as the Mann-Whitney U test) for comparing two independent groups, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for comparing two related groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing more than two independent groups. These tests use the ranks of the data rather than the actual values to make comparisons, which allows them to be used with ordinal or continuous data that do not meet the assumptions of parametric tests.

Overall, nonparametric statistics provide a useful set of tools for analyzing data in situations where the assumptions of parametric methods are not met, and can help researchers draw valid conclusions from their data even when the data are not normally distributed or have other characteristics that violate the assumptions of parametric tests.

Dental instruments are specialized tools that dentists, dental hygienists, and other oral healthcare professionals use to examine, clean, and treat teeth and gums. These instruments come in various shapes and sizes, and each one is designed for a specific purpose. Here are some common dental instruments and their functions:

1. Mouth mirror: A small, handheld mirror used to help the dentist see hard-to-reach areas of the mouth and reflect light onto the teeth and gums.
2. Explorer: A sharp, hooked instrument used to probe teeth and detect cavities, tartar, or other dental problems.
3. Sickle scaler: A curved, sharp-edged instrument used to remove calculus (tartar) from the tooth surface.
4. Periodontal probe: A blunt, calibrated instrument used to measure the depth of periodontal pockets and assess gum health.
5. Dental syringe: A device used to inject local anesthesia into the gums before dental procedures.
6. High-speed handpiece: Also known as a dental drill, it is used to remove decay, shape teeth, or prepare them for fillings and other restorations.
7. Low-speed handpiece: A slower, quieter drill used for various procedures, such as placing crowns or veneers.
8. Suction tip: A thin tube that removes saliva, water, and debris from the mouth during dental procedures.
9. Cotton rolls: Small squares of cotton used to isolate teeth, absorb fluids, and protect soft tissues during dental treatments.
10. Dental forceps: Specialized pliers used to remove teeth or hold them in place while restorations are being placed.
11. Elevators: Curved, wedge-shaped instruments used to loosen or lift teeth out of their sockets.
12. Rubber dam: A thin sheet of rubber or latex that isolates a specific tooth or area during dental treatment, keeping it dry and free from saliva and debris.

These are just a few examples of the many dental instruments used in modern dentistry. Each one plays an essential role in maintaining oral health and providing effective dental care.

Dental care refers to the practice of maintaining and improving the oral health of the teeth and gums. It involves regular check-ups, cleanings, and treatments by dental professionals such as dentists, hygienists, and dental assistants. Dental care also includes personal habits and practices, such as brushing and flossing, that help prevent tooth decay and gum disease.

Regular dental care is important for preventing common dental problems like cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. It can also help detect early signs of more serious health issues, such as oral cancer or diabetes, which can have symptoms that appear in the mouth.

Dental care may involve a range of treatments, from routine cleanings and fillings to more complex procedures like root canals, crowns, bridges, and implants. Dental professionals use various tools and techniques to diagnose and treat dental problems, including X-rays, dental impressions, and local anesthesia.

Overall, dental care is a critical component of overall health and wellness, as poor oral health has been linked to a range of systemic health issues, including heart disease, stroke, and respiratory infections.

Dental caries activity tests are a group of diagnostic procedures used to measure or evaluate the activity and progression of dental caries (tooth decay). These tests help dentists and dental professionals determine the most appropriate treatment plan for their patients. Here are some commonly used dental caries activity tests:

1. **Bacterial Counts:** This test measures the number of bacteria present in a sample taken from the tooth surface. A higher bacterial count indicates a higher risk of dental caries.
2. **Sucrose Challenge Test:** In this test, a small amount of sucrose (table sugar) is applied to the tooth surface. After a set period, the presence and quantity of acid produced by bacteria are measured. Increased acid production suggests a higher risk of dental caries.
3. **pH Monitoring:** This test measures the acidity or alkalinity (pH level) of the saliva or plaque in the mouth. A lower pH level indicates increased acidity, which can lead to tooth decay.
4. **Dye Tests:** These tests use a special dye that stains active carious lesions on the tooth surface. The stained areas are then easily visible and can be evaluated for treatment.
5. **Transillumination Test:** A bright light is shone through the tooth to reveal any cracks, fractures, or areas of decay. This test helps identify early stages of dental caries that may not yet be visible during a routine dental examination.
6. **Laser Fluorescence Tests:** These tests use a handheld device that emits a laser beam to detect and quantify the presence of bacterial biofilm or dental plaque on the tooth surface. Increased fluorescence suggests a higher risk of dental caries.

It is important to note that these tests should be used as part of a comprehensive dental examination and not as standalone diagnostic tools. A dentist's clinical judgment, in conjunction with these tests, will help determine the best course of treatment for each individual patient.

Periodontal attachment loss (PAL) is a clinical measurement in dentistry that refers to the amount of connective tissue attachment between the tooth and its surrounding supportive structures (including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone) that has been lost due to periodontal disease. It is typically expressed in millimeters and represents the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), which is the point where the tooth's crown meets the root, to the bottom of the periodontal pocket.

Periodontal pockets are formed when the gums detach from the tooth due to inflammation and infection caused by bacterial biofilms accumulating on the teeth. As the disease progresses, more and more of the supporting structures are destroyed, leading to increased pocket depths and attachment loss. This can eventually result in loose teeth and even tooth loss if left untreated.

Therefore, periodontal attachment loss is an important indicator of the severity and progression of periodontal disease, and its measurement helps dental professionals assess the effectiveness of treatment interventions and monitor disease status over time.

Topical fluorides are a form of fluoride that are applied directly to the teeth to prevent dental caries (cavities). They are available in various forms such as toothpastes, gels, foams, and varnishes. Topical fluorides work by strengthening the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria in the mouth. They can also help to reverse early signs of decay. Regular use of topical fluorides, especially in children during the years of tooth development, can provide significant protection against dental caries.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Stainless Steel" is not a medical term. It is a type of steel that contains at least 10.5% chromium content by mass, and usually contains nickel as well. The chromium forms a passive film that protects the metal from corrosion and staining. Stainless steel is widely used in various industries including medicine, for example, in medical equipment and surgical instruments due to its resistance to rust and corrosion.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta is a group of inherited dental disorders that affect the structure and appearance of tooth enamel. It is caused by mutations in various genes involved in the development and formation of enamel. The condition can be characterized by small, discolored, and poorly formed teeth that are prone to rapid wear, decay, and sensitivity. There are several types of Amelogenesis Imperfecta, which vary in their severity and the specific symptoms they present. Treatment typically focuses on managing the symptoms and improving the appearance and function of the teeth through restorative dental procedures.

Orthodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. This involves correcting teeth that are improperly positioned, often using braces or other appliances to move them into the correct position over time. The goal of orthodontic treatment is to create a healthy, functional bite and improve the appearance of the teeth and face.

Orthodontists are dental specialists who have completed additional training beyond dental school in order to become experts in this field. They use various techniques and tools, such as X-rays, models of the teeth, and computer imaging, to assess and plan treatment for each individual patient. The type of treatment recommended will depend on the specific needs and goals of the patient.

Orthodontic treatment can be beneficial for people of all ages, although it is most commonly started during childhood or adolescence when the teeth and jaws are still growing and developing. However, more and more adults are also seeking orthodontic treatment to improve their smile and oral health.

Mechanical stress, in the context of physiology and medicine, refers to any type of force that is applied to body tissues or organs, which can cause deformation or displacement of those structures. Mechanical stress can be either external, such as forces exerted on the body during physical activity or trauma, or internal, such as the pressure changes that occur within blood vessels or other hollow organs.

Mechanical stress can have a variety of effects on the body, depending on the type, duration, and magnitude of the force applied. For example, prolonged exposure to mechanical stress can lead to tissue damage, inflammation, and chronic pain. Additionally, abnormal or excessive mechanical stress can contribute to the development of various musculoskeletal disorders, such as tendinitis, osteoarthritis, and herniated discs.

In order to mitigate the negative effects of mechanical stress, the body has a number of adaptive responses that help to distribute forces more evenly across tissues and maintain structural integrity. These responses include changes in muscle tone, joint positioning, and connective tissue stiffness, as well as the remodeling of bone and other tissues over time. However, when these adaptive mechanisms are overwhelmed or impaired, mechanical stress can become a significant factor in the development of various pathological conditions.

Dental pulp exposure is a condition in which the soft, living tissue inside a tooth (the dental pulp) becomes exposed due to damage or injury to the tooth. This can occur as a result of tooth decay that has progressed deeply into the tooth, trauma or fracture that exposes the pulp, or recession of the gums due to periodontal disease.

Exposure of the dental pulp can lead to infection, inflammation, and severe pain. If left untreated, it may result in the need for a root canal procedure or even extraction of the tooth. Therefore, prompt dental treatment is necessary to prevent further complications and preserve the tooth.

Apexification is a dental procedure used to treat a non-vital or dead tooth that has not fully developed its root end, also known as an open apex. The goal of this treatment is to encourage the continued growth of the root end and formation of a hard tissue barrier at the apex, which will allow for the placement of a permanent filling or crown.

During the procedure, a medication such as calcium hydroxide is placed into the root canal space and left for several months to promote the growth of new hard tissue. After this time, the medication is removed and replaced with a rubber-like material called gutta-percha, which seals the root canal and provides a stable foundation for a permanent restoration.

Apexification is typically recommended for young patients whose teeth are still developing, as it allows them to keep their natural tooth rather than requiring extraction and replacement with a dental implant or bridge.

Odontoma is a type of odontogenic tumor, which means it arises from the tissues that form teeth. It is considered a benign or non-cancerous tumor and is typically slow-growing. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered on routine dental X-rays or during procedures such as wisdom tooth removal.

Odontomas can be classified into two types: complex and compound. Complex odontomas are composed of a haphazard mixture of dental tissue, including enamel, dentin, and cementum, while compound odontomas contain small tooth-like structures called denticles.

These tumors typically occur in the posterior region of the jaw, and while they are usually asymptomatic, some patients may experience symptoms such as swelling, pain, or displacement of teeth. Treatment for odontomas typically involves surgical removal of the tumor.

Dentifrices are substances used in dental care for cleaning and polishing the teeth, and often include toothpastes, tooth powders, and gels. They typically contain a variety of ingredients such as abrasives, fluorides, humectants, detergents, flavorings, and sometimes medicaments like antimicrobial agents or desensitizing compounds. The primary purpose of dentifrices is to help remove dental plaque, food debris, and stains from the teeth, promoting oral hygiene and preventing dental diseases such as caries (cavities) and periodontal disease.

Dental implants are artificial tooth roots that are surgically placed into the jawbone to replace missing or extracted teeth. They are typically made of titanium, a biocompatible material that can fuse with the bone over time in a process called osseointegration. Once the implant has integrated with the bone, a dental crown, bridge, or denture can be attached to it to restore function and aesthetics to the mouth.

Dental implants are a popular choice for tooth replacement because they offer several advantages over traditional options like dentures or bridges. They are more stable and comfortable, as they do not rely on adjacent teeth for support and do not slip or move around in the mouth. Additionally, dental implants can help to preserve jawbone density and prevent facial sagging that can occur when teeth are missing.

The process of getting dental implants typically involves several appointments with a dental specialist called a prosthodontist or an oral surgeon. During the first appointment, the implant is placed into the jawbone, and the gum tissue is stitched closed. Over the next few months, the implant will fuse with the bone. Once this process is complete, a second surgery may be necessary to expose the implant and attach an abutment, which connects the implant to the dental restoration. Finally, the crown, bridge, or denture is attached to the implant, providing a natural-looking and functional replacement for the missing tooth.

Dental restoration wear refers to the progressive loss of structure and function of a dental restoration, such as a filling or crown, due to wear and tear over time. This can be caused by factors such as chewing, grinding, or clenching of teeth, as well as chemical dissolution from acidic foods and drinks. The wear can lead to changes in the shape and fit of the restoration, which may result in discomfort, sensitivity, or even failure of the restoration. Regular dental check-ups are important for monitoring dental restorations and addressing any issues related to wear before they become more serious.

Zinc oxide-eugenol cement is a dental material used as a temporary filling or base. It is a mixture of zinc oxide powder and eugenol (oil of cloves) liquid. The setting reaction of this cement is an acid-base reaction between the zinc oxide and eugenol, which results in the formation of a hard, insoluble material.

The cement has several desirable properties, including good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and antimicrobial activity due to the presence of eugenol. It is also radiopaque, meaning that it can be seen on X-rays, which makes it useful for temporary fillings in areas where there may be a need for future monitoring or evaluation.

Zinc oxide-eugenol cement is commonly used as a temporary filling material during root canal treatment, to seal the access cavity and protect the pulp tissue until a permanent restoration can be placed. It can also be used as a base material under dental restorations such as amalgam or composite fillings, providing a protective layer between the restoration and the dentin.

However, it is not recommended for long-term use due to its lack of strength and durability compared to other filling materials. Prolonged exposure to eugenol can also cause tissue irritation in some individuals.

Dental enamel permeability refers to the ability of substances to pass through the dental enamel, which is the hard, outermost layer of a tooth. The permeability of dental enamel can be affected by various factors such as its mineral content, structure, and the pH level of the oral environment.

Under normal conditions, dental enamel is relatively impermeable to substances due to its highly mineralized structure. However, when the enamel is exposed to acidic environments, such as those created by bacterial plaque, the minerals in the enamel can dissolve, creating microscopic pores that increase its permeability. This process, known as demineralization, can lead to tooth decay and other dental problems.

On the other hand, certain treatments and materials used in dentistry may temporarily increase the permeability of dental enamel, such as etching with acid before bonding procedures. This intentional increase in permeability allows for better adhesion of filling materials or sealants to the tooth surface. However, it is important to manage and control the permeability of dental enamel to maintain its structural integrity and protect oral health.

Shear strength is a property of a material that describes its ability to withstand forces that cause internal friction and sliding of one portion of the material relative to another. In the context of human tissues, shear strength is an important factor in understanding how tissues respond to various stresses and strains, such as those experienced during physical activities or injuries.

For example, in the case of bones, shear strength is a critical factor in determining their ability to resist fractures under different types of loading conditions. Similarly, in soft tissues like ligaments and tendons, shear strength plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of these structures during movement and preventing excessive deformation or injury.

It's worth noting that measuring the shear strength of human tissues can be challenging due to their complex structure and anisotropic properties. As such, researchers often use specialized techniques and equipment to quantify these properties under controlled conditions in the lab.

X-ray microtomography, often referred to as micro-CT, is a non-destructive imaging technique used to visualize and analyze the internal structure of objects with high spatial resolution. It is based on the principles of computed tomography (CT), where multiple X-ray images are acquired at different angles and then reconstructed into cross-sectional slices using specialized software. These slices can be further processed to create 3D visualizations, allowing researchers and clinicians to examine the internal structure and composition of samples in great detail. Micro-CT is widely used in materials science, biology, medicine, and engineering for various applications such as material characterization, bone analysis, and defect inspection.

Dental enamel solubility refers to the degree to which the mineral crystals that make up dental enamel can be dissolved or eroded by acidic substances. Dental enamel is the hard, outermost layer of a tooth that helps protect it from damage. It is primarily made up of minerals, including hydroxyapatite, which can dissolve in an acidic environment.

When the pH in the mouth drops below 5.5, the oral environment becomes acidic and dental enamel begins to demineralize or lose its mineral content. This process is known as dental caries or tooth decay. Over time, if left untreated, dental caries can lead to cavities, tooth sensitivity, and even tooth loss.

Certain factors can increase the solubility of dental enamel, including a diet high in sugar and starch, poor oral hygiene, and the presence of certain bacteria in the mouth that produce acid as a byproduct of their metabolism. On the other hand, fluoride exposure can help to reduce dental enamel solubility by promoting remineralization and making the enamel more resistant to acid attack.

Dental pulp capping is a dental procedure that involves the application of a small amount of medication or dressing to a small exposed area of the dental pulp, with the aim of promoting the formation of reparative dentin and preserving the vitality of the pulp. The dental pulp is the soft tissue located inside the tooth, containing nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues that provide nutrients and sensory functions to the tooth.

Pulp capping may be recommended when the dental pulp is exposed due to tooth decay or trauma, but the pulp is still vital and has the potential to heal. The procedure typically involves cleaning and removing any infected or damaged tissue from the exposure site, followed by the application of a medicated dressing or cement to promote healing and protect the pulp from further injury or infection.

There are two types of pulp capping: direct and indirect. Direct pulp capping involves applying the medication directly to the exposed pulp, while indirect pulp capping involves placing the medication over a thin layer of dentin that has been created to protect the pulp. The success of pulp capping depends on various factors, including the size and depth of the exposure, the patient's age and overall health, and the skill and experience of the dental professional performing the procedure.

A dental pulp test is a medical procedure used to determine if the pulp of a tooth is alive or dead. The pulp is the soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. There are several types of dental pulp tests, including:

1. Cold Test: This involves applying a cold stimulus to the tooth using a substance such as ice or a cold spray. A healthy pulp will respond to the cold by causing a brief, sharp pain. If the pulp is dead or damaged, there will be no response to the cold.
2. Heat Test: This involves applying a heat stimulus to the tooth using a hot substance such as gutta-percha or a hot water bath. A healthy pulp will respond to the heat by causing a brief, sharp pain. If the pulp is dead or damaged, there will be no response to the heat.
3. Electric Pulp Test: This involves applying a low-level electrical current to the tooth. A healthy pulp will respond to the electrical current by causing a tingling or buzzing sensation. If the pulp is dead or damaged, there will be no response to the electrical current.

The results of these tests can help dental professionals determine if a tooth needs root canal treatment or if it can be saved with other treatments.

A dental prosthesis that is supported by dental implants is an artificial replacement for one or more missing teeth. It is a type of dental restoration that is anchored to the jawbone using one or more titanium implant posts, which are surgically placed into the bone. The prosthesis is then attached to the implants, providing a stable and secure fit that closely mimics the function and appearance of natural teeth.

There are several types of implant-supported dental prostheses, including crowns, bridges, and dentures. A single crown may be used to replace a single missing tooth, while a bridge or denture can be used to replace multiple missing teeth. The specific type of prosthesis used will depend on the number and location of the missing teeth, as well as the patient's individual needs and preferences.

Implant-supported dental prostheses offer several advantages over traditional removable dentures, including improved stability, comfort, and functionality. They also help to preserve jawbone density and prevent facial sagging that can occur when teeth are missing. However, they do require a surgical procedure to place the implants, and may not be suitable for all patients due to factors such as bone density or overall health status.

The EDA receptor (Ectodysplasin A receptor) is a gene that encodes a transmembrane protein involved in the development and maintenance of various tissues, including the skin and hair follicles. The Edar receptor plays a crucial role in the signaling pathway that regulates the formation and patterning of these structures during embryonic development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with several human genetic disorders, such as ectodermal dysplasia, which is characterized by abnormalities in the hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands.

Fluorides are ionic compounds that contain the fluoride anion (F-). In the context of dental and public health, fluorides are commonly used in preventive measures to help reduce tooth decay. They can be found in various forms such as sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and calcium fluoride. When these compounds come into contact with saliva, they release fluoride ions that can be absorbed by tooth enamel. This process helps to strengthen the enamel and make it more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria in the mouth, which can lead to dental caries or cavities. Fluorides can be topically applied through products like toothpaste, mouth rinses, and fluoride varnishes, or systemically ingested through fluoridated water, salt, or supplements.

In medical and embryological terms, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early stages of embryonic development. It forms between the ectoderm and endoderm during gastrulation, and it gives rise to a wide variety of cell types, tissues, and organs in the developing embryo.

The mesoderm contributes to the formation of structures such as:

1. The connective tissues (including tendons, ligaments, and most of the bones)
2. Muscular system (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles)
3. Circulatory system (heart, blood vessels, and blood cells)
4. Excretory system (kidneys and associated structures)
5. Reproductive system (gonads, including ovaries and testes)
6. Dermis of the skin
7. Parts of the eye and inner ear
8. Several organs in the urogenital system

Dysfunctions or abnormalities in mesoderm development can lead to various congenital disorders and birth defects, highlighting its importance during embryogenesis.

Dental caries susceptibility refers to the likelihood or predisposition of an individual to develop dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities. It is influenced by various factors such as oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, saliva composition, and the presence of certain bacteria in the mouth, particularly mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.

People with a higher dental caries susceptibility may have thinner or softer enamel, reduced saliva flow, or a greater concentration of cavity-causing bacteria in their mouths. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and using fluoride toothpaste, can help reduce the risk of developing dental caries. Additionally, a balanced diet that limits sugary and starchy foods and beverages can also help lower the likelihood of tooth decay.

Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, beta-hemolytic species of bacteria that's part of the normal microbiota of the oral cavity in humans. It's one of the primary etiological agents associated with dental caries, or tooth decay, due to its ability to produce large amounts of acid as a byproduct of sugar metabolism, which can lead to demineralization of tooth enamel and dentin. The bacterium can also adhere to tooth surfaces and form biofilms, further contributing to the development of dental caries.

A complete denture is a removable dental appliance that replaces all of the teeth in an upper or lower arch. It is also commonly referred to as a "full denture." A complete denture is created specifically to fit a patient's mouth and can be made of either acrylic resin (plastic) or metal and acrylic resin.

The upper complete denture covers the palate (roof of the mouth), while the lower complete denture is shaped like a horseshoe to leave room for the tongue. Dentures are held in place by forming a seal with the gums and remaining jawbone structure, and can be secured further with the use of dental adhesives.

Complete dentures not only restore the ability to eat and speak properly but also help support the facial structures, improving the patient's appearance and overall confidence. It is important to maintain regular dental check-ups even if all teeth are missing, as the dentist will monitor the fit and health of the oral tissues and make any necessary adjustments to the denture.

Mixed dentition is a stage of dental development in which both primary (deciduous) teeth and permanent teeth are present in the mouth. This phase typically begins when the first permanent molars erupt, around the age of 6, and continues until all of the primary teeth have been replaced by permanent teeth, usually around the age of 12-13.

During this stage, a person will have a mix of smaller, temporary teeth and larger, more durable permanent teeth. Proper care and management of mixed dentition is essential for maintaining good oral health, as it can help to prevent issues such as crowding, misalignment, and decay. Regular dental check-ups and proper brushing and flossing techniques are crucial during this stage to ensure the best possible outcomes for long-term oral health.

Methacrylates are a group of chemical compounds that contain the methacrylate functional group, which is a vinyl group (CH2=CH-) with a carbonyl group (C=O) at the β-position. This structure gives them unique chemical and physical properties, such as low viscosity, high reactivity, and resistance to heat and chemicals.

In medical terms, methacrylates are used in various biomedical applications, such as dental restorative materials, bone cements, and drug delivery systems. For example, methacrylate-based resins are commonly used in dentistry for fillings, crowns, and bridges due to their excellent mechanical properties and adhesion to tooth structures.

However, there have been concerns about the potential toxicity of methacrylates, particularly their ability to release monomers that can cause allergic reactions, irritation, or even mutagenic effects in some individuals. Therefore, it is essential to use these materials with caution and follow proper handling and safety protocols.

An apicoectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing the tip of the root of a tooth. This procedure is typically performed by a dental specialist called an endodontist and is usually done when a previous root canal therapy has failed.

During the procedure, the endodontist makes a small incision in the gum tissue to expose the bone and surrounding inflamed tissue. The damaged tissue is removed along with the tip of the root. A small filling may be placed in the end of the root to seal it off. The gum tissue is then stitched back into place and allowed to heal.

The goal of an apicoectomy is to eliminate infection and pain, and to preserve the natural tooth. It is typically considered as a last resort before extraction of the tooth.

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is defined as the serum transudate or inflammatory exudate that flows from the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket. It is a physiological fluid found in the narrow space between the tooth and the surrounding gum tissue, which deepens during periodontal disease. The analysis of GCF has been used as a non-invasive method to assess the status of periodontal health and disease since it contains various markers of inflammation, host response, and bacterial products.

Ectodysplasin receptors are a group of proteins that belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. They play crucial roles in the development and function of ectodermal tissues, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands.

There are two main types of Ectodysplasin receptors: EDAR (Ectodysplasin A Receptor) and XEDAR (X-linked Ectodysplasin A Receptor). These receptors bind to their respective ligands, Ectodysplasin A (EDA) and Ectodysplasin A2 (EDA2), which are also members of the TNF family.

When EDA or EDA2 binds to EDAR or XEDAR, it activates a signaling pathway that involves several downstream molecules, including TRAF6 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6) and NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). This signaling cascade ultimately leads to the regulation of gene expression and cellular responses that are essential for ectodermal development.

Mutations in the genes encoding EDA, EDAR, or XEDAR have been associated with various genetic disorders, such as ectodermal dysplasias, which are characterized by abnormalities in the development of ectodermal tissues.

In the context of medical terminology, "hardness" is not a term that has a specific or standardized definition. It may be used in various ways to describe the firmness or consistency of a tissue, such as the hardness of an artery or tumor, but it does not have a single authoritative medical definition.

In some cases, healthcare professionals may use subjective terms like "hard," "firm," or "soft" to describe their tactile perception during a physical examination. For example, they might describe the hardness of an enlarged liver or spleen by comparing it to the feel of their knuckles when gently pressed against the abdomen.

However, in other contexts, healthcare professionals may use more objective measures of tissue stiffness or elasticity, such as palpation durometry or shear wave elastography, which provide quantitative assessments of tissue hardness. These techniques can be useful for diagnosing and monitoring conditions that affect the mechanical properties of tissues, such as liver fibrosis or cancer.

Therefore, while "hardness" may be a term used in medical contexts to describe certain physical characteristics of tissues, it does not have a single, universally accepted definition.

A periapical abscess is a localized infection that occurs at the tip of the tooth's root, specifically in the periapical tissue. This tissue surrounds the end of the tooth's root and helps anchor the tooth to the jawbone. The infection is usually caused by bacteria that enter the pulp chamber of the tooth as a result of dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal disease, or trauma that damages the tooth's protective enamel layer.

The infection leads to pus accumulation in the periapical tissue, forming an abscess. The symptoms of a periapical abscess may include:

1. Pain and tenderness in the affected tooth, which can be throbbing or continuous
2. Swelling in the gums surrounding the tooth
3. Sensitivity to hot, cold, or pressure on the tooth
4. Fever, general malaise, or difficulty swallowing (in severe cases)
5. A foul taste in the mouth or bad breath
6. Tooth mobility or loosening
7. Formation of a draining sinus tract (a small opening in the gums that allows pus to drain out)

Periapical abscesses require dental treatment, which typically involves removing the infected pulp tissue through root canal therapy and cleaning, shaping, and sealing the root canals. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to help control the infection, but they do not replace the necessary dental treatment. If left untreated, a periapical abscess can lead to severe complications, such as the spread of infection to other parts of the body or tooth loss.

"Prosthesis coloring" is not a recognized medical term or concept in the field of prosthetics. However, I can provide you with some context that might help clarify what you are looking for.

In the context of artificial limbs (prostheses), patients may want their devices to match their skin tone as closely as possible to make them less noticeable and more aesthetically appealing. This process is called "prosthetic covering" or "cosmesis," which involves applying custom-made covers, sleeves, or skins over the prosthesis to mimic the appearance of natural skin color and texture.

Prosthetic covering materials can be painted, printed, or dyed to achieve the desired color match. This process is often referred to as "coloring" or "painting the prosthesis." The coloring technique may involve using various shades, tones, and textures to create a natural-looking appearance that blends well with the user's remaining limb or body.

In summary, while there is no formal medical definition for "prosthesis coloring," it likely refers to the process of applying custom colors, shading, or patterns to an artificial limb (prosthesis) to create a more natural and aesthetically pleasing appearance that matches the user's skin tone.

Gingival diseases are infections or inflammations that affect the gingiva, which is the part of the gum around the base of the teeth. These diseases can be caused by bacteria found in dental plaque and can lead to symptoms such as redness, swelling, bleeding, and receding gums. If left untreated, gingival diseases can progress to periodontal disease, a more serious condition that can result in tooth loss. Common types of gingival diseases include gingivitis and periodontitis.

Fluoridation is the process of adding fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. The level of fluoride that is typically added to the water is regulated and maintained at around 0.7-1.2 parts per million (ppm), which has been shown to be effective in reducing dental caries while minimizing the risk of fluorosis, a cosmetic condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development.

Fluoridation can also refer to the process of applying fluoride to the teeth through other means, such as topical fluoride applications in dental offices or the use of fluoride toothpaste. However, community water fluoridation is the most common and cost-effective method of delivering fluoride to a large population.

The practice of water fluoridation has been endorsed by numerous public health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the American Dental Association (ADA). Despite some controversy surrounding the practice, extensive research has consistently shown that community water fluoridation is a safe and effective way to prevent tooth decay and improve oral health.

Dental pulp diseases are conditions that affect the soft tissue inside a tooth, known as dental pulp. The two main types of dental pulp diseases are pulpitis and apical periodontitis.

Pulpitis is inflammation of the dental pulp, which can be either reversible or irreversible. Reversible pulpitis is characterized by mild to moderate inflammation that can be treated with a dental filling or other conservative treatment. Irreversible pulpitis, on the other hand, involves severe inflammation that cannot be reversed and usually requires root canal therapy.

Apical periodontitis, also known as a tooth abscess, is an infection of the tissue surrounding the tip of the tooth's root. It occurs when the dental pulp dies and becomes infected, causing pus to accumulate in the surrounding bone. Symptoms of apical periodontitis may include pain, swelling, and drainage. Treatment typically involves root canal therapy or extraction of the affected tooth.

Other dental pulp diseases include pulp calcification, which is the hardening of the dental pulp due to age or injury, and internal resorption, which is the breakdown and destruction of the dental pulp by the body's own cells. These conditions may not cause any symptoms but can weaken the tooth and increase the risk of fracture.

Saliva is a complex mixture of primarily water, but also electrolytes, enzymes, antibacterial compounds, and various other substances. It is produced by the salivary glands located in the mouth. Saliva plays an essential role in maintaining oral health by moistening the mouth, helping to digest food, and protecting the teeth from decay by neutralizing acids produced by bacteria.

The medical definition of saliva can be stated as:

"A clear, watery, slightly alkaline fluid secreted by the salivary glands, consisting mainly of water, with small amounts of electrolytes, enzymes (such as amylase), mucus, and antibacterial compounds. Saliva aids in digestion, lubrication of oral tissues, and provides an oral barrier against microorganisms."

Gingival hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding of the gingiva, or gums. It refers to the condition where the gums bleed, often as a result of trauma or injury, but also can be caused by various systemic conditions such as disorders of coagulation, leukemia, or scurvy.

Gingival hemorrhage is commonly seen in individuals with poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease, which can cause inflammation and damage to the gums. This can lead to increased susceptibility to bleeding, even during routine activities such as brushing or flossing. It's important to address any underlying causes of gingival hemorrhage to prevent further complications.

Forensic anthropology is a subfield of anthropology that applies scientific techniques and methods to analyze human remains for the purpose of establishing identity, determining the cause and manner of death, and investigating incidents of crime, mass disasters, or human rights violations. Forensic anthropologists use their knowledge of osteology, skeletal biology, and archaeological techniques to examine bones, teeth, and other tissues to help law enforcement agencies and legal professionals in criminal and civil investigations. They may also provide expert testimony in court based on their findings.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical technique used to compare the means of two or more groups and determine whether there are any significant differences between them. It is a way to analyze the variance in a dataset to determine whether the variability between groups is greater than the variability within groups, which can indicate that the groups are significantly different from one another.

ANOVA is based on the concept of partitioning the total variance in a dataset into two components: variance due to differences between group means (also known as "between-group variance") and variance due to differences within each group (also known as "within-group variance"). By comparing these two sources of variance, ANOVA can help researchers determine whether any observed differences between groups are statistically significant, or whether they could have occurred by chance.

ANOVA is a widely used technique in many areas of research, including biology, psychology, engineering, and business. It is often used to compare the means of two or more experimental groups, such as a treatment group and a control group, to determine whether the treatment had a significant effect. ANOVA can also be used to compare the means of different populations or subgroups within a population, to identify any differences that may exist between them.

Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is a hardened deposit that forms on the surface of teeth. It's composed of mineralized plaque, which is a sticky film containing bacteria, saliva, and food particles. Over time, the minerals in saliva can cause the plaque to harden into calculus, which cannot be removed by brushing or flossing alone. Dental calculus can contribute to tooth decay and gum disease if not regularly removed by a dental professional through a process called scaling and root planing.

In medical terms, the mouth is officially referred to as the oral cavity. It is the first part of the digestive tract and includes several structures: the lips, vestibule (the space enclosed by the lips and teeth), teeth, gingiva (gums), hard and soft palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and salivary glands. The mouth is responsible for several functions including speaking, swallowing, breathing, and eating, as it is the initial point of ingestion where food is broken down through mechanical and chemical processes, beginning the digestive process.

In the context of medical terminology, 'color' is not defined specifically with a unique meaning. Instead, it generally refers to the characteristic or appearance of something, particularly in relation to the color that a person may observe visually. For instance, doctors may describe the color of a patient's skin, eyes, hair, or bodily fluids to help diagnose medical conditions or monitor their progression.

For example, jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes that can indicate liver problems, while cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to insufficient oxygen in the blood. Similarly, doctors may describe the color of stool or urine to help diagnose digestive or kidney issues.

Therefore, 'color' is not a medical term with a specific definition but rather a general term used to describe various visual characteristics of the body and bodily fluids that can provide important diagnostic clues for healthcare professionals.

Compomers are a type of dental restorative material that contain both glass ionomer and composite resin components. They are designed to combine the advantages of both materials, such as the fluoride release and adhesion to tooth structure of glass ionomers, and the strength and esthetics of composite resins. Compomers are often used for restoring primary teeth in children due to their ease of use and reduced sensitivity compared to traditional composite resins. However, they may not be as durable or wear-resistant as other restorative materials, so their use is generally limited to small to moderate-sized cavities.

Oral surgical procedures refer to various types of surgeries performed in the oral cavity and maxillofacial region, which includes the mouth, jaws, face, and skull. These procedures are typically performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, who are dental specialists with extensive training in surgical procedures involving the mouth, jaws, and face.

Some common examples of oral surgical procedures include:

1. Tooth extractions: This involves removing a tooth that is damaged beyond repair or causing problems for the surrounding teeth. Wisdom tooth removal is a common type of tooth extraction.
2. Dental implant placement: This procedure involves placing a small titanium post in the jawbone to serve as a replacement root for a missing tooth. A dental crown is then attached to the implant, creating a natural-looking and functional replacement tooth.
3. Jaw surgery: Also known as orthognathic surgery, this procedure involves repositioning the jaws to correct bite problems or facial asymmetry.
4. Biopsy: This procedure involves removing a small sample of tissue from the oral cavity for laboratory analysis, often to diagnose suspicious lesions or growths.
5. Lesion removal: This procedure involves removing benign or malignant growths from the oral cavity, such as tumors or cysts.
6. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery: This procedure involves treating disorders of the TMJ, which connects the jawbone to the skull and allows for movement when eating, speaking, and yawning.
7. Facial reconstruction: This procedure involves rebuilding or reshaping the facial bones after trauma, cancer surgery, or other conditions that affect the face.

Overall, oral surgical procedures are an important part of dental and medical care, helping to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions affecting the mouth, jaws, and face.

Tensile strength is a material property that measures the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) stress that a material can withstand before failure, such as breaking or fracturing. It is usually measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). In the context of medical devices or biomaterials, tensile strength may be used to describe the mechanical properties of materials used in implants, surgical tools, or other medical equipment. High tensile strength is often desirable in these applications to ensure that the material can withstand the stresses and forces it will encounter during use.

Gingiva is the medical term for the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth and forms the margin of the dental groove, also known as the gum. It extends from the mucogingival junction to the base of the cervical third of the tooth root. The gingiva plays a crucial role in protecting and supporting the teeth and maintaining oral health by providing a barrier against microbial invasion and mechanical injury.

Microradiography is a radiographic technique that uses X-rays to produce detailed images of small specimens, such as microscopic slides or individual cells. In this process, the specimen is placed in close contact with a high-resolution photographic emulsion, and then exposed to X-rays. The resulting image shows the distribution of radiopaque materials within the specimen, providing information about its internal structure and composition at a microscopic level.

Microradiography can be used for various applications in medical research and diagnosis, including the study of bone and tooth microstructure, the analysis of tissue pathology, and the examination of mineralized tissues such as calcifications or osteogenic lesions. The technique offers high resolution and contrast, making it a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians seeking to understand the complex structures and processes that occur at the microscopic level in living organisms.

The stomatognathic system is a term used in medicine and dentistry to refer to the coordinated functions of the mouth, jaw, and related structures. It includes the teeth, gums, tongue, palate, lips, cheeks, salivary glands, as well as the muscles of mastication (chewing), swallowing, and speech. The stomatognathic system also involves the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures that allow for movement of the jaw. This complex system works together to enable functions such as eating, speaking, and breathing. Dysfunction in the stomatognathic system can lead to various oral health issues, including temporomandibular disorders, occlusal problems, and orofacial pain.

Epithelial attachment is a general term that refers to the point where epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels, adhere or attach to an underlying structure. In the context of the mouth and teeth, epithelial attachment is often used to describe the connection between the gum tissue (gingiva) and the tooth surface.

In a healthy mouth, the gingival tissue fits tightly around each tooth, forming a protective seal that helps prevent bacteria and other harmful substances from entering the spaces between the teeth and gums. This tight seal is maintained by specialized epithelial cells called junctional epithelial cells, which form a barrier between the oral environment and the underlying connective tissue.

When the gingival tissue becomes inflamed due to factors such as poor oral hygiene or certain medical conditions, the epithelial attachment can become compromised, leading to a condition known as gingivitis. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease, which is characterized by the destruction of the tissues that support the teeth, including the bone and connective tissue.

In summary, epithelial attachment refers to the point where epithelial cells adhere to an underlying structure, and in the context of oral health, it describes the connection between the gum tissue and the tooth surface.

A smear layer is a thin, amorphous layer of debris that forms on the dentin surface when it comes into contact with instruments or solutions during dental procedures such as cavity preparation, root canal treatment, or biopsies. This layer is composed of organic and inorganic components, including dentinal cuttings, pulp tissue, bacteria, and materials from the irrigating solution. The smear layer can occlude the dentinal tubules, affecting the adhesion of filling materials and sealing ability of obturation points. Therefore, it is often removed during root canal preparation using various methods such as chemical dissolution, ultrasonic agitation, or laser ablation to ensure proper disinfection and seal of the root canal system.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a medical imaging technique that uses a cone-shaped X-ray beam to create detailed, cross-sectional images of the body. In dental and maxillofacial radiology, CBCT is used to produce three-dimensional images of the teeth, jaws, and surrounding bones.

CBCT differs from traditional computed tomography (CT) in that it uses a cone-shaped X-ray beam instead of a fan-shaped beam, which allows for a faster scan time and lower radiation dose. The X-ray beam is rotated around the patient's head, capturing data from multiple angles, which is then reconstructed into a three-dimensional image using specialized software.

CBCT is commonly used in dental implant planning, orthodontic treatment planning, airway analysis, and the diagnosis and management of jaw pathologies such as tumors and fractures. It provides detailed information about the anatomy of the teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures, which can help clinicians make more informed decisions about patient care.

However, it is important to note that CBCT should only be used when necessary, as it still involves exposure to ionizing radiation. The benefits of using CBCT must be weighed against the potential risks associated with radiation exposure.

Dental disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms present on dental instruments, equipment, and surfaces in order to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. These disinfectants are intended to reduce the number of pathogens to a level that is considered safe and poses minimal risk of infection.

Dental disinfectants can be classified based on their spectrum of activity, which ranges from low-level disinfectants that are effective against vegetative bacteria, fungi, and viruses, to high-level disinfectants that also inactivate bacterial spores. The choice of a particular dental disinfectant depends on the intended use, the level of contamination, and the type of microorganisms present.

It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use, including the recommended contact time, concentration, and method of application, to ensure the effectiveness of dental disinfectants. Additionally, proper handling, storage, and disposal of these agents are essential to prevent harm to patients, staff, and the environment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Finite Element Analysis" (FEA) is not a medical term. It is a computational technique used in engineering and physical sciences. FEA is a computerized method for predicting how a product reacts to real-world forces, vibration, heat, fluid flow, and other physical effects. It's a way that engineers can simulate the performance of a product or system before it is built, which can help reduce costs, improve quality, and shorten the development time.

However, in a medical context, FEA might be used in the field of biomechanical engineering to analyze the mechanical behavior of biological systems, such as bones, joints, or soft tissues, under various loads and conditions. This can help researchers and clinicians better understand the mechanisms of injury, disease, or the effects of treatment, and develop more effective prevention, diagnostic, or therapeutic strategies.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Cephalometry is a medical term that refers to the measurement and analysis of the skull, particularly the head face relations. It is commonly used in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery to assess and plan treatment for abnormalities related to the teeth, jaws, and facial structures. The process typically involves taking X-ray images called cephalograms, which provide a lateral view of the head, and then using various landmarks and reference lines to make measurements and evaluate skeletal and dental relationships. This information can help clinicians diagnose problems, plan treatment, and assess treatment outcomes.

Developmental gene expression regulation refers to the processes that control the activation or repression of specific genes during embryonic and fetal development. These regulatory mechanisms ensure that genes are expressed at the right time, in the right cells, and at appropriate levels to guide proper growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of an organism.

Developmental gene expression regulation is a complex and dynamic process involving various molecular players, such as transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, non-coding RNAs, and signaling molecules. These regulators can interact with cis-regulatory elements, like enhancers and promoters, to fine-tune the spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression during development.

Dysregulation of developmental gene expression can lead to various congenital disorders and developmental abnormalities. Therefore, understanding the principles and mechanisms governing developmental gene expression regulation is crucial for uncovering the etiology of developmental diseases and devising potential therapeutic strategies.

"Dens in dente" is a developmental anomaly of teeth, primarily the permanent maxillary (upper) molars. It is characterized by the presence of an additional cusp or tubercle on the occlusal surface of the tooth, which resembles a small "tooth within a tooth." This extra cusp typically appears on the lingual/palatal aspect of the crown, near the cingulum area.

The term "dens in dente" is derived from Latin, where "dens" means tooth and "in dente" refers to something being inside or within the tooth. It is also known as "dens invaginatus," "invaginated odontome," or "evaginated odontoma."

The presence of dens in dente can lead to various dental issues, such as dental caries (cavities), periodontal problems, and difficulties with tooth eruption. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications and maintain good oral health.

A dental cavity lining, also known as a dental restoration or filling, refers to the material used to fill and seal a tooth after decay has been removed. The purpose of the lining is to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of the tooth, while preventing further decay and infection. Common materials used for dental cavity linings include:

1. Amalgam: A mixture of metals, such as silver, tin, copper, and mercury, amalgam fillings are strong, durable, and resistant to wear. They are often used for posterior teeth that undergo heavy chewing forces. However, due to their dark color, they may be less aesthetically pleasing compared to other materials.
2. Composite resin: A tooth-colored material made of a mixture of plastic and glass particles, composite resins provide a more natural appearance and are often used for anterior teeth or cosmetic restorations. They bond directly to the tooth structure, which can help reinforce the remaining tooth structure. However, they may be less durable than amalgam fillings and may wear down or discolor over time.
3. Glass ionomer: A tooth-colored material made of acrylic and a type of glass, glass ionomers release fluoride, which can help protect the tooth from further decay. They are often used for fillings near the gum line, for cementing crowns or orthodontic appliances, or as a base layer under other restorative materials. Glass ionomers are less durable than composite resins and amalgam fillings and may not withstand heavy chewing forces as well.
4. Gold: A precious metal used for dental restorations, gold is highly durable, non-reactive, and resistant to corrosion. It can be used for inlays, onlays, or crowns and provides excellent longevity. However, due to its high cost and less desirable aesthetics, it is not as commonly used as other materials.
5. Porcelain: A ceramic material that can be matched to the color of natural teeth, porcelain is often used for inlays, onlays, crowns, or veneers. It provides excellent aesthetics and durability but may be more brittle than other materials and requires a skilled dental technician for fabrication.

Ultimately, the choice of restorative material depends on several factors, including the location and extent of the decay, the patient's oral health status, aesthetic preferences, and budget. Dentists will consider these factors when recommending the most appropriate material for a specific situation.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Metal Ceramic Alloys" is not a recognized medical term. It is, however, a term used in the field of materials science and engineering. Metal ceramic alloys, also known as cermets, are materials that combine properties of both metals and ceramics. They are typically composed of a metal or alloy matrix with embedded ceramic particles.

In the context of medical devices or dental restorations, the term you might be looking for is "porcelain-fused-to-metal" (PFM). PFM restorations are a type of dental crown or bridge that combines a metal substructure with a ceramic outer layer. The metal provides strength and durability, while the ceramic layer mimics the appearance of natural teeth.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or definitions, please don't hesitate to ask!

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of genetic disorders that affect the development and formation of ectodermal tissues, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. The condition is usually present at birth or appears in early infancy.

The symptoms of ED can vary widely depending on the specific type and severity of the disorder. Common features may include:

* Sparse or absent hair
* Thin, wrinkled, or rough skin
* Abnormal or missing teeth
* Nail abnormalities
* Absent or reduced sweat glands, leading to heat intolerance and problems regulating body temperature
* Ear abnormalities, which can result in hearing loss
* Eye abnormalities

ED is caused by mutations in genes that are involved in the development of ectodermal tissues. Most cases of ED are inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that a child can inherit the disorder even if only one parent (dominant) or both parents (recessive) carry the mutated gene.

There is no cure for ED, but treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include measures to maintain body temperature, such as cooling vests or frequent cool baths; dental treatments to replace missing teeth; hearing aids for hearing loss; and skin care regimens to prevent dryness and irritation.

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of teeth 44, evenly distributed. Liver 45 kg. "Examination of the skeleton revealed that the animal was very young." Colby, p. ... The killer whale named Moby Doll's impact in scientific research was enormous and in a sense unrepeatable. He was the first ...
"SCTV News: Earl's Impacted Wisdom Tooth" (YouTube clip). Retrieved 2021-02-15. "SCTV News - Togo Earthquake, Mr. Earl Doll" ( ... Another time, when Camembert was in severe pain from an impacted wisdom tooth, Robertson decided to make him laugh by ending ...
Impacted or displaced teeth are often found due to COC. The diameter of the cyst ranges from 2 to 4 cm and swelling pain may be ... It is associated with impacted and unerupted teeth. Calcifying odontogenic cyst can is the presence of a variable number of ... an impacted tooth is involved. Histologically, cells that are described as "ghost cells", enlarged eosinophilic epithelial ... Symptoms include swelling in the mouth, both inside the bone, in the tooth bearing areas, and outside the bone, in the gingiva ...
Esposito M and Coulthard P. Impacted wisdom teeth. In: Clinical Evidence Handbook. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2008 ISBN 978-1- ...
In 2021, he and his wife, Andrea Masters, launched the $5,000 Creative Force Fund Award for Social Impact Journalists. The ... Giving the Environment Teeth". The New York Times. "Waste Management, American Style". The New York Times. April 25, 1993 - via ... ". "The impact of the pandemic". April 30, 2020. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/41361/2014_SeptemberOctober ...
"An Audit of the Pathologies associated with impacted wisdom tooth". Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal Vol: 26 No.2 December - 2006 ...
The Greater Mooses Tooth unit 2 was planned for 48 wells, cost to exceed $1 billion with first oil expected between late-2020 ... "Willow Master Development Plan Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement". eplanning.blm.gov. 2023-03-13. Retrieved 2023-03- ... The infrastructure of Greater Mooses Tooth unit is to be used by the much larger Willow project located further West in the ... "Greater Mooses Tooth Unit Development Project, Alaska - Hydrocarbons Technology". www.hydrocarbons-technology.com. n.d. ...
This is the oldest recorded case of impacted wisdom teeth. Other evidence that indicated her age were fully fused epiphyses and ... There has been much debate over Magdalenian Girl's age due to her impacted wisdom teeth. According to Science Daily, impaction ... According to Robert D. Martin, "Finding impacted wisdom teeth 15,000 years ago indicates that the human diet might have already ... "15,000-year-old Early Modern Human Skeleton Has Oldest Recorded Case Of Impacted Wisdom Teeth". www.sciencedaily.com. 8 March ...
... the tooth is said to be impacted. The most common cause of tooth impaction is lack of space in the mouth for the tooth. Other ... "primary teeth", "baby teeth", or "milk teeth", normally eventually contains 20 teeth. Primary teeth typically start to appear ... The tooth bud (sometimes called the tooth germ) is an aggregation of cells that eventually forms a tooth. It is organized into ... Tooth eruption in humans is a process in tooth development in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible. Current ...
"Our Impact". Kiln Theatre. 2018. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018. "Saint Augustine's Kilburn ... Iqbal, Nosheen (11 April 2018). "Kilburn's Tricycle relaunches as Kiln theatre with Zadie Smith's White Teeth". The Guardian. ...
Any permanent tooth can be involved. Regezi and Sciubba stated that the impacted teeth were most commonly seen in the third ... The dentigerous cyst commonly involves a single tooth and rarely affects multiple teeth. The most frequently involved tooth is ... A potentially erupting tooth on an impacted follicle can obstruct the venous outflow, inducing rapid transudation of serum ... The treatment of choice for dentigerous cyst is enucleation along with extraction of the impacted teeth. If eruption of the ...
These teeth may erupt into the mouth or remain impacted in the bone. Hyperdontia is often associated with syndromes such as ... Medicine portal Deciduous dentition Tooth development Tooth eruption Teething Dentition "Tooth eruption: The permanent teeth". ... Permanent teeth or adult teeth are the second set of teeth formed in diphyodont mammals. In humans and old world simians, there ... teeth and permanent teeth during the mixed dentition period until the last primary tooth is lost or shed. The first of the ...
Recovering from an impacted tooth, Montgomery was returning from a two-month layoff. Before a crowd of 6,500, Scalzo lost the ...
This suggests that tooth whitening negatively impacts composite resin restorations. Glass ionomer and other cements - studies ... Tooth whitening or tooth bleaching is the process of lightening the color of human teeth. Whitening is often desirable when ... "Teeth Whitening". WebMD. Retrieved 2020-03-03. Greenwall, Linda (2017-04-11), "Tooth Sensitivity Associated with Tooth ... tooth whitening can occur within three days and lighten teeth by one or two shades. This type of tooth whitening is available ...
Joey Peters, "'Don't Tell Me How To Brush My Teeth!' Former mayor Sam Pick hyperbolically takes down 'strong mayor' proposal." ... Tripp Stelnicki, "Feel-good resolutions: Acts of impact or distraction?", The Santa Fe New Mexican, October 15, 2017. ...
This policy had a great impact on Japan's cosmetic culture. In this period, tooth blackening and eyebrow shaving were rejected ... Tooth blackening is called "Ohaguro" in Japanese. People could judge women's situation by looking at their teeth and eyebrows. ... For instance, if a woman paints her teeth black, people can say the woman is married. Additionally, if the woman also shaves ... On the other hand, when it comes to teeth blackening which was used for distinguishing status and situation, women were ...
These visions began shortly after Dick had two impacted wisdom teeth removed. When a delivery person from the pharmacy brought ...
Safari Magazine, Art of the Hunt: Maximum Impact, January/February 2014. The Artist's Magazine, Big Game, July/August 2006. " ... Open Fences, John Banovich: Big Animals, Big Teeth, Big Program, Spring 2012. Wildlife Art Magazine, John Banovich: A ...
Gander, Kashmira (17 February 2014). "Dolphins 'suffering miscarriage, lung disease, losing teeth after BP oil spill' ... Also another impact to marine species was the impact to various food chains. With one break in the chain, the rest of the chain ... Most of the impact was on the marine species. Eight U.S. national parks were threatened and more than 400 species that live in ... 2012). "Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico". Proceedings of the ...
Two thirds of the cases are associated with an impacted tooth (usually being the canine). On radiographs, the adenomatoid ... odontogenic tumor presents as a radiolucency (dark area) around an unerupted tooth extending past the cementoenamel junction. ...
There may be a painless swelling, and it is often concurrent with an impacted tooth. On radiographs, it appears as a ... ODAM (gene) Proteopathy Tooth development Ida Marie Tabangay-Lim; Raymund Noel C. Mallari; Noelito M. Lacsamana; Dexter Domingo ...
"Tooth Plaque May Hold Clues About Ancient Life". National Geographic News. 2016-03-16. Retrieved 2019-10-31. "Editorial Board ... "Indiana Jones + Charles Darwin + Jane Goodall = ASU's Anne Stone". ASU Now: Access, Excellence, Impact. 2017-02-15. Retrieved ... "Anthropology meets genetics to tell our collective story". ASU Now: Access, Excellence, Impact. 2019-04-23. Retrieved 2019-05- ...
Tooth decay has the economic impact of heart disease, obesity and diabetes. Tooth decay is, however, easily prevented by ... Mouth hygiene was established with a small wooden stick Late 1400s- The first tooth brush was invented by the Chinese 1723- A ... Risk factors for tooth decay include physical, biological, environmental, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors such as ... Stimulating saliva flow assists in the remineralisation process of teeth, this can be done by chewing sugar free gum. Using an ...
"THE ALMOST: 'Fear Inside Our Bones' Set For June 2013 Release On Tooth & Nail; First Single "I'm Down" To Impact Alternative ... According to Tooth and Nail Records' podcast "Labelled," Dusty Redmon stated that he's no longer with the band. "The Almost ... In a November 2008 episode of the Tooth & Nail Records podcast, he stated that "the new album will be more of a complete band ... "Tooth and Nail No Gift To Bring". Toothandnail.com. Retrieved October 16, 2011. Billboard "The Almost Announces New Album Name ...
It also does not have any impacts on nails, teeth or skin. Loose anagen syndrome is more predominantly seen in fairer skin and ... Treatment involving the maintenance of nutrients within the patient and biotin have not made any noted impacts to the ... There are no noted impacts on any other hairs of the body such as eyebrows and eyelashes. ...
Van Valkenburgh, Blaire (2016). "The impact of large terrestrial carnivores on Pleistocene ecosystems". Proceedings of the ... "Blaire Van Valkenburgh: Staring down the saber-tooths". TrowelBlazers. TrowelBlazers. Retrieved 23 Jul 2018. ...
Used in some toothpastes for sensitive teeth. Recently, the use of potassium nitrate in toothpastes for treating sensitive ... Environmental Impact of Fertilizer on Soil and Water. American Chemical Society. p. 40. ISBN 9780841238114. Archived from the ... "Sensodyne Toothpaste for Sensitive Teeth". 2008-08-03. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-03. ... teeth has increased. Used historically to treat asthma. Used in some toothpastes to relieve asthma symptoms. Used in Thailand ...
It can be associated with an impacted tooth and it might impede eruption of other teeth. The lesion can be asymptomatic when it ... It can be mistaken as dentigerous cyst as the lesion is often associated with an impacted tooth. As ameloblastic fibromas are ... It gives rise to the dental follicle which encapsulates the developing tooth (8). In Ameloblastoma the stroma is mature, often ... They are often identified when tooth development is complete with the posterior mandible being the most common site. Although ...
Hypoplasias on this part of the tooth do not show on the surface of the tooth. Because of this buried enamel, teeth record ... The same cannot be said for human bone collage, as δ18O values in collagen seem to be impacted by drinking water, food water, ... But once the teeth are fully developed, age is hard to determine using teeth. In adults, degenerative changes to the pubic ... Dental caries, commonly referred to as cavities or tooth decay, are caused by localized destruction of tooth enamel, as a ...
Vizard, Sarah (11 December 2019). "Thinkbox aims to show business impact of TV ads in Tooth Fairy campaign". Marketing Week. ... Only this is not your average business; it's the Tooth Fairy's business. The ad tells the story of the Tooth Fairy's struggle ... Thinkbox's most recent TV ad - 'Tooth Fairy' - can be seen on screens currently and is the sixth TV ad campaign from Thinkbox. ... Previous Thinkbox research studies include: "A Matter of Time", which explored the impact of time length in TV advertising; "As ...
... or impacted. Impacted teeth are ones that fail to erupt due to blockage from other teeth. Wisdom teeth, as the last teeth to ... tooth loss rates that start at 10 teeth lost per 1000 teeth per year at 5mm to a rate of 70 teeth lost per year per 1000 teeth ... Wisdom teeth become impacted when there is not enough room in the jaws to allow for all of the teeth to erupt into the mouth. ... Impacted wisdom teeth is a condition where the third molars (wisdom teeth) are prevented from erupting into the mouth. This can ...
These are called impacted wisdom teeth, and removal may be necessary. Learn more in this article. ... If there is not enough room for wisdom teeth to grow, they may partially erupt into the mouth or grow out at the wrong angle. ... Impacted wisdom teeth are wisdom teeth that do not erupt properly. It can lead to overcrowding of the teeth, infections, ear ... When a wisdom tooth does not erupt from the gums properly, dentists refer to this as an impacted wisdom tooth. This can result ...
An impacted tooth is a tooth that gets blocked as it is pushing through the gum into your mouth. Learn more about this here. ... What are the symptoms of impacted teeth?. Impacted wisdom teeth do not always show symptoms, meaning you could have impacted ... an impacted wisdom tooth may partially emerge so that some of the crown (top part of the tooth) is visible (partially impacted ... others have no problems with wisdom teeth crowding or impacting their other teeth and may keep their wisdom teeth for life. ...
So my bottom wisdom teeth are impacted. My left wisdom tooth is trying to come out. Gum is slightly raised(been like that for ... Is the tooth impacted below the tissue. Is it just one tooth you are removing and how old are you? Depending on your answers to ... So my bottom wisdom teeth are impacted.. My left wisdom tooth is trying to come out. Gum is slightly raised(been like that for ... Im having bad back of the head aches! And Im wondering if its from one of my impacted teeth. I just got blood work done ...
Wisdom teeth are the furthest back teeth, providing no anchorage or stability to other teeth. In fact, impacted wisdom teeth ... How are impacted wisdom teeth surgically removed?. Removing impacted wisdom teeth is an outpatient oral surgery procedure ... Can extracting wisdom teeth cause teeth to become loose or fall out?. Wisdom teeth removal does not directly make other teeth ... Tooth decay and gum disease. The irregular erupted portion of an impacted wisdom tooth traps plaque and debris, increasing ...
Changing levels of nitrogen and carbon in teeth evidence of starving body breaking down and consuming itself. ... Famine victims teeth lead to new discoveries on impact of starvation. Changing levels of nitrogen and carbon in teeth evidence ... The teeth and bone samples used in the study, which is published in the journal PLOS ONE, came from children and adults who ... Researchers used the teeth of Irish famine victims to study the effects of starvation on the body. Tim Sackton / Flickr ...
Although some people never have any trouble with them, impacted wisdom teeth can cause problems. An impacted wisdom tooth can ... Wisdom teeth often cant grow in normally. When they are impacted, it means the teeth either become stuck under the gum or are ... Wisdom teeth usually become impacted because the jaw doesnt have enough space for all the teeth that are growing in, or ... Dentists or oral surgeons often remove impacted wisdom teeth because they may damage other teeth or cause pain or infection. ...
Impacted" by people in this website by year, and whether "Tooth, Impacted" was a major or minor topic of these publications. ... "Tooth, Impacted" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... A tooth that is prevented from erupting by a physical barrier, usually other teeth. Impaction may also result from orientation ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Tooth, Impacted" by people in Profiles. ...
Impacted Teeth - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... However, most teeth that become impacted are wisdom teeth because they are the last permanent teeth to come in and the jaw ... See also Overview of Tooth Disorders Overview of Tooth Disorders Common tooth disorders include Cavities (caused by tooth decay ... Impacted teeth are teeth that are unable to emerge (erupt) properly from the gum. ...
Crooked teeth may have more serious repercussions than people think because your oral health has been proven to affect your ... Impact of Crooked Teeth on Health. *Poor Oral Hygiene - If you have crooked and crowded teeth, your toothbrush wont be reach ... How can crooked teeth impact your health. Crooked teeth do more than just give you a bad smile, it can also seriously affect ... Tooth Wear, Fracture And Loss - If the teeth are not aligned properly or crowded, it may affect the bite. When the teeth are ...
Discover the link between stress and teeth grinding. Learn the causes, symptoms, and treatment options to prevent this common ... If left untreated, teeth-grinding can lead to tooth damage, jaw pain, headaches, and other issues that can negatively impact ... What is teeth grinding(also known as bruxism)?. Have you ever experienced clenching or grinding your teeth? This habit is ... Treatment options for teeth grinding. Mouth guards. One of the most common treatment options for teeth grinding is a mouth ...
The diagnosis of impacted wisdom teeth can be confirmed with dental x-rays, which may also reveal damage to the other teeth or ... Do You Need Oral Surgery to Remove Impacted Wisdom Teeth?. Jun 10, 2022 , Blog, Dental Topics 2, Wisdom Teeth ... it is called impacted. Oral surgery to extract impacted wisdom teeth may be considered if you have the following problems:. * ... To diagnose impacted wisdom teeth, your dental professional will look for signs of infection or swollen gums. Your dentist will ...
Impacted wisdom teeth. Impacted wisdom teeth can be detected early using a panelipse x-ray and can usually be identified by ... Any patient with impacted wisdom teeth will begin to notice a few symptoms that will worsen as the condition continues to ...
3-Year-Old Boy Finds Woolly Mammoth Tooth. Impact Lab. , Science & Technology News. , 3-Year-Old Boy Finds Woolly Mammoth Tooth ... Copyright 2020 Impact Lab LLC , Impact Lab is owned and operated by Impact Lab LLC. ... Gary Kidd had a pretty good idea that what his 3-year-old grandson had found was no rock, but the tooth of a woolly mammoth. ... He told his grandson it looked like the tooth of the extinct woolly mammoth. ...
An impacted tooth is any tooth that is prevented from reaching its normal position in the mouth by tissue, bone, or another ... Impacted Teeth Part 1. What is Impacted Tooth? An impacted tooth is any tooth that is prevented from reaching its normal ... Indications and contraindications for removal of impacted tooth “A strong indication for removal of impacted third molar ... This entry was posted in Oral Surgery and tagged impacted teeth, impaction, surgical removal on January 17, 2012. by meifong. ...
Build your own Impact Mouthguard by selecting the options below. ... Build your own Impact Mouthguard by selecting the options below ... 2023 Impact Mouthguards. Designed & Developed by Blaze Digital Brands Powered by Shopify ...
The Psychological Impact of Tooth Loss and How Dental Implants Can Help. by Skope • November 14, 2023. Losing a tooth is not ... The Emotional Impact of Tooth Loss. Tooth loss can result from various factors, such as dental decay, gum disease, accidents, ... These mental health issues can impact ones overall quality of life.. *Difficulty in Communication: Missing teeth can affect ... Dental implants offer a life-changing solution for those struggling with the psychological impact of tooth loss. Heres how: ...
Uncover the profound emotional impact of tooth loss and discover effective strategies to restore well-being. ... Emotional impact of tooth loss FAQ What are the emotional effects of tooth loss?. Tooth loss can have a profound emotional ... Emotional Impact of Tooth Loss. Psychological Effects. Missing teeth can have a significant emotional impact on individuals. It ... The Profound Impact Of Tooth Loss On Quality Of Life. The impact of tooth loss on quality of life cannot be understated. It ...
I would like to inform you that extraction is the only treatment for an impacted wisdom tooth, In your case, it is associated ... Treatment For Painful Impacted Wisdom Teeth? Hello XXXXXXX Thanks for writing to us,. I would like to inform you that ... I would like to inform you that extraction is the only treatment for an impacted wisdom tooth,. In your case, it is associated ... extraction is the only treatment for an impacted wisdom tooth,. In your case, it is associated with symptoms like pain, ...
THE UNFAVORABLE IMPACTS OF MISSING ONE OR MANY TEETH. If one or several teeth are lost, it impacts a wide array of factors ... Losing even one tooth may impact your capability to chew and converse with ease. A missing tooth may get in the way of your ... acute tooth decay, infection, or injury. More factors that could require a patient to receive a tooth removal are cracked teeth ... If tooth loss starts to impact your quality of life, we urge you to call our highly qualified staff of dental practitioners in ...
Impacted Wisdom Teeth Recovery Time. Free Online Advertising Free Internet Web Site Advertising. UK Free Classifieds United ... Sometimes patients need more than one tooth extraction. You may have all four of your wisdom teeth removed at the same time, ... Your dentist can help you prepare for multiple tooth extraction recovery time.. ...
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Impacted teeth can contribute to gum inflammation and pain. They can also damage other teeth as the impacted teeth try to push ... Surgical Extraction for Impacted Teeth. An impacted tooth will require surgical extraction since it is found inside the gum ... impacted teeth cause challenges in cleaning them, so they are vulnerable to decay and cavities. Sometimes, an impacted tooth ... My Tooth is Impacted, What Kind of Tooth Extraction Does The Dentist Perform?. Posted on 2/20/2023 by Evan ...
Cheek Biting From Erupted (Non-Impacted) Wisdom Teeth. Impacted or malpositioned wisdom teeth are associated with a number of ... teeth Sinus lift sinus lift bone graft surgeon surgery teeth teeth extraction tooth extraction top dentist Versah Wisdom Teeth ... atraumatic extraction atraumatic tooth extraction syst benex bethesda Bone Grafting book on wisdom teeth cbct Densah bur Densah ... kazemi easy tooth extraction extraction full arch dental implants immediate dental implant immediate implants iMovie implant ...
The wisdom teeth grow at the back of your gums and are the last teeth to come through. Most people have four wisdom teeth - one ... Wisdom teeth usually grow through the gums during the late teens or early twenties. By this time, the other 28 adult teeth are ... After your wisdom teeth have been removed and any swelling and bruising has disappeared, your mouth and face should return to ... There may also be an unpleasant smell or taste from the empty tooth socket. If you look into the socket, you might be able to ...
Instructions for after the exposure of an impacted tooth, provided by Toronto ON Oral Surgeon. Call today. ... After Exposure of an Impacted Tooth. Home Instructions After Impacted Tooth Exposure. After Impacted tooth exposure, do not ... Brush your teeth normally if possible. Rinse with warm salt water (1 teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water) six times a day. ... The packing helps to keep the tooth exposed. If it gets dislodged or falls out, do not get alarmed but please contact our ...
The impact of brushing teeth on carbon-14 urea breath test results.. E Higazy, F Al-Saeedi, I Loutfi, S Heiba, M Kalaoui, B Al- ... The impact of brushing teeth on carbon-14 urea breath test results. ... The impact of brushing teeth on carbon-14 urea breath test results. ... The impact of brushing teeth on carbon-14 urea breath test results. ...
While the most common type of impacted tooth is a wisdom tooth, there are other teeth that ... An impacted tooth is a tooth that does not break through the gum. ... An impacted tooth is a tooth that does not break through the gum. While the most common type of impacted tooth is a wisdom ... Impacted tooth removal is the usual treatment for an impacted tooth. Dr. Patel is an experienced dental surgeon and is highly ...
Find a local endodontic dentist near you for help with tooth pain from an abscessed or cracked tooth. Find an affordable ... Learn About - Impacted Wisdom Teeth. Dr. D.S. Shoker, D.D.S, Inc.. Appointments: (408) 945-0411. ... When a tooth is cracked or has a deep cavity, saliva and the bacteria in it can get to the tooth pulp. An infection is likely ... Each tooth has at least one root canal, but may have as many as four or five, depending on the number of roots below that tooth ...
  • All teeth are classified as either developing, erupted (into the mouth), embedded (failure to erupt despite lack of blockage from another tooth), or impacted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Impacted teeth are ones that fail to erupt due to blockage from other teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wisdom teeth, as the last teeth to erupt in the mouth are the most likely to become impacted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth are wisdom teeth that do not erupt properly. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • According to the American Dental Association (ADA ), an impacted tooth is one that is trapped in your jaw or under your gums and gets blocked as it pushes through the gum into your mouth when it's trying to erupt. (colgate.com)
  • They are the last teeth to erupt, usually between ages 17 to 25 years. (cdhp.org)
  • Impacted teeth are teeth that are unable to emerge (erupt) properly from the gum. (merckmanuals.com)
  • When a wisdom tooth, otherwise known as a third molar, cannot erupt into proper alignment, it is called impacted. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • A tooth may be completely blocked by another tooth, erupt in the wrong space, or even come in from the wrong direction. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • Occasionally, that baby tooth just won't budge, and the permanent tooth starts to erupt behind it. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • In this case, a device called a palatal expander might be used to gradually widen the upper jaw to allow the permanent teeth to erupt without crowding. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • In other rare cases, a tooth (often the canine) fails to erupt and may require oral surgery to uncover it, followed by orthodontic treatment to guide it into position. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • Left untreated, the teeth can fail to erupt at all or erupt in the wrong place, crowd other permanent teeth, damage the roots of the teeth near them, and lead to difficulties eating and dental pain. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • Partially erupted teeth, those that have begun to emerge through the gums but don't erupt fully, can be the source of different gum and tooth problems. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • But teeth that don't erupt at the right time, in the right place, can have a different kind of impact on dental health and appearance. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • Regular exams and X-rays with Drs. Joanne Oppenheim, Marilia Montero, and Mary J. Hayes at our Chicago office will show the progress of the teeth even before they erupt, and if there will be the space for them to fit in the mouth properly. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • Regular exams and X-rays with Dr. Donald Schmitt and Dr. Rinku Saini at our Concord or Danville office will show the progress of the teeth even before they erupt, and if there will be the space for them to fit in the mouth properly. (kidstoothdoctor.com)
  • An impacted tooth simply means that it is "stuck" and cannot erupt into function. (albanyoms.com)
  • Normally, the maxillary cuspid teeth are the last of the "front" teeth to erupt into place. (albanyoms.com)
  • If a cuspid tooth gets impacted, every effort is made to get it to erupt into its proper position. (albanyoms.com)
  • The older the patient the more likely an impacted eyetooth will not erupt by natural forces alone, even if the space is available for the tooth to fit in the dental arch. (albanyoms.com)
  • 13-14 years old - the impacted eyetooth will not erupt by itself, even with the space cleared for its eruption. (albanyoms.com)
  • In cases where the eyeteeth will not erupt spontaneously, the orthodontist and oral surgeon will work together to get these teeth to erupt. (albanyoms.com)
  • The goal is to erupt the impacted tooth and not to extract it. (albanyoms.com)
  • Typically, wisdom teeth "erupt" much later than your regular teeth, commonly between the ages of 17 and 25. (harbourpointeoralsurgery.net)
  • If the eruption path is cleared and the space is opened up by age 11-12, there is a good chance the impacted eyetooth will erupt with nature's help alone. (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • If the eyetooth is allowed to develop too much (age 13-14), the impacted eyetooth will not erupt by itself even with the space cleared for its eruption. (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • In these cases the tooth will not budge despite all the efforts of the orthodontist and oral surgeon to erupt it into place. (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • The risks of wisdom tooth removal are roughly proportional to the difficulty of the extraction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Supporters of early removal cite the increasing risks for extraction over time and the costs of monitoring the wisdom teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • But not all impactions require extraction - some can be monitored if the teeth remain problem-free. (cdhp.org)
  • When making a decision with your dentist about wisdom tooth extraction, it's important to consider your age. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Younger patients experience considerably fewer complications with oral surgery for wisdom tooth extraction than older adults. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Thanks for writing to us, I would like to inform you that extraction is the only treatment for an impacted wisdom tooth , In your case, it is associated with symptoms like pain, therefore a thorough dental check up is needed prior to extracting it. (healthcaremagic.com)
  • Sometimes patients need more than one tooth extraction. (usnetads.com)
  • Your dentist can help you prepare for multiple tooth extraction recovery time. (usnetads.com)
  • My Tooth is Impacted, What Kind of Tooth Extraction Does The Dentist Perform? (areasontosmile.com)
  • There is simple extraction which happens to teeth with visible crowns. (areasontosmile.com)
  • If a tooth is decayed, damaged, or infected and its crown is still visible, a dentist can conduct a simple extraction. (areasontosmile.com)
  • The other type of extraction is surgery-based tooth removal. (areasontosmile.com)
  • An impacted tooth will require surgical extraction since it is found inside the gum tissue. (areasontosmile.com)
  • We make your tooth extraction pain-free and ensure that you manage post-op discomfort easily with pain relievers. (areasontosmile.com)
  • See your dentist if you have signs of infection after having your wisdom teeth removed, or if you're bleeding heavily from the extraction site. (eahealth.org)
  • Some issues that force tooth extraction include: Crowded teeth Dental decay Gum disease/Periodontal disease Tooth infection Trauma Impacted teeth Even if you feel a little nervous about an extraction process, it's good to know that it's a fairly common procedure that people. (omsnashville.com)
  • When this happens, a simple baby tooth extraction will often let the permanent tooth move into its proper position on schedule. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • Treatment may require referral to an oral surgeon for extraction of over-retained baby teeth and/or selected adult teeth that are blocking the eruption of the all-important eyeteeth. (albanyoms.com)
  • These teeth get "stuck" in the back of the jaw and can develop painful infections, among a host of other problems (see 3rd Molar Extraction ). (michiganoms.com)
  • Tooth extraction is performed under local anesthesia, intravenous sedation, or general anesthesia. (ugureldis.com)
  • During the operation, the bone is removed with the state-of-the-art devices used by our polyclinic and tooth extraction is easily performed. (ugureldis.com)
  • Completely unerupted wisdom teeth usually result in no symptoms, although they can sometimes develop cysts or neoplasms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Removal of impacted wisdom teeth is advised in the case of certain pathologies, such as nonrestorable caries or cysts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth are often described by the direction of their impaction (forward tilting, or mesioangular being the most common), the depth of impaction and the age of the patient as well as other factors such as pre-existing infection or the presence of pathology (cysts, tumors or other disease). (wikipedia.org)
  • Third molars can get cavities, abscesses, gum disease, and cysts that can damage adjacent teeth when impacted. (colgate.com)
  • In rare cases, impacted wisdom teeth can cause cysts and tumors. (colgate.com)
  • Fluid sacs called dentigerous cysts or non-cancerous tumors like odontogenic keratocysts may arise from impacted wisdom tooth follicles. (cdhp.org)
  • Jaw destruction from expanding cysts can affect other teeth. (cdhp.org)
  • Jaw and nerve damage caused by cysts that form around the impacted wisdom teeth. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • But if impacted wisdom teeth develop cysts, affect the teeth around them, or lead to other dental complications, they should be extracted. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • Cysts, on the other hand, can cause damage to bone tissue, enlargement of the jaw, and damage to nearby teeth. (ugureldis.com)
  • Removing an impacted tooth prevents the risks that can lead to advanced cysts and bone loss that can occur in this area. (ugureldis.com)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth may be associated with pathological changes, such as pericoronitis, root resorption, gum and alveolar bone disease (periodontitis), caries and the development of cysts and tumours. (ru.nl)
  • Waite PD, Cherala S. Surgical outcomes for suture-less surgery in 366 impacted third molar patients. (umassmed.edu)
  • Indications and contraindications for removal of impacted tooth “A strong indication for removal of impacted third molar should be complemented with a strong contraindication to its retention†â€" Mercier P., Precious D., Risk and benefits of removal of impacted third molars, IJOMS 21:17, 1992. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Class B: The lowest portion of the crown of the impacted maxillary third molar is between the occlusal plane of the second molar and the cervical line. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Patients frequently develop problems with impacted third molar (wisdom) teeth. (albanyoms.com)
  • There may also be pain and swelling in the gums, tooth decay, and bad breath. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • You might think that while they're hidden under the surface of your gums, wisdom teeth are safe from disease and can do little harm. (colgate.com)
  • According to the Mayo Clinic , an impacted wisdom tooth may partially emerge so that some of the crown (top part of the tooth) is visible (partially impacted), or it may never break through the gums (fully impacted). (colgate.com)
  • Visual and tactile inspection of the teeth and gums to check for swelling, tenderness, infection, cavities etc. (cdhp.org)
  • Intraoral palpation examines the tooth position below the gums. (cdhp.org)
  • A build-up of bacteria and plaque in the mouth can lead to cavities or tooth decay and inflammation of the gums. (ottawalife.com)
  • Crooked teeth can also cause excess wear and tear on the teeth, gums, and jaw muscles leading to jaw strain, and chronic headaches. (ottawalife.com)
  • Whenever the teeth don't fit properly together, it can affect your ability to chew correctly and cause pain in the gums while chewing. (ottawalife.com)
  • To diagnose impacted wisdom teeth, your dental professional will look for signs of infection or swollen gums. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Here a dentist cuts through the gums in order to access the tooth. (areasontosmile.com)
  • The teeth are buried inside the gums. (areasontosmile.com)
  • The only way to get to the tooth is to make an incision in the gums. (areasontosmile.com)
  • The wisdom teeth grow at the back of your gums and are the last teeth to come through. (eahealth.org)
  • Wisdom teeth usually grow through the gums during the late teens or early twenties. (eahealth.org)
  • It can cause pain, a tingling sensation and numbness in your tongue, lower lip, chin, teeth and gums. (eahealth.org)
  • An impacted tooth can have severe symptoms such as pain or tenderness of the gums or jaw bone, prolonged headaches, infection, bad breath, and other serious complications. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • Teeth that are partially emerged can also cause problems because food and plaque can become trapped in the gums, which can lead to gingivitis and periodontal disease. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • We're committed to your life-long healthy gums and teeth. (1strootcanal.com)
  • We're here to help you maintain healthy gums and teeth for life. (1strootcanal.com)
  • Maintaining good dental hygiene is the foundation for healthy teeth and gums. (1strootcanal.com)
  • We'll help you have healthy gums and teeth for life. (losangeleswisdomteeth.com)
  • For many people with crowded or crooked teeth in the Arcadia area, braces can help keep their teeth cleaner, their gums healthier and provide relief from jaw pain. (losangeleswisdomteeth.com)
  • Gum Infection: Bacteria accumulate under the gums when the impacted teeth are rubbed in half, causing infection. (ugureldis.com)
  • If denture treatment is started without interfering with the impacted teeth, irritation of the soft tissues in the gums occurs. (ugureldis.com)
  • Sample adult questions focus primarily on symptoms (of teeth, gums, and mouth), access to dental care, and oral cancer screening. (cdc.gov)
  • 1) to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of impacted canines and transmigrated canine teeth, and (2) to evaluate the possible relationships between impacted teeth, malocclusions and systemic conditions in an orthodontic patient population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Root resorption was seen in four teeth adjacent to impacted canines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although larger samples are required, this study provides a baseline regarding the frequency and type of impacted canines in this particular population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The spectrum of possible associations among tooth anomalies includes multiple missing teeth, impacted teeth, aplasia of upper lateral incisors and intraosseous displacement of maxillary canines [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most commonly impacted teeth were reported as third molars, maxillary canines, maxillary central incisors and premolars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of impacted canines and transmigrated canine teeth and investigate the associated pathologies and evaluate possible relationships between impacted teeth, malocclusions and systemic conditions in an orthodontic patient population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tooth at risk of resorption with palatal impacted canines is usually the first premolar. (herman4braces.com)
  • For arch or front impacted canines, it is almost always the lateral incisor that is at risk. (herman4braces.com)
  • Partially erupted wisdom teeth can develop cavities or pericoronitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • An impacted wisdom tooth can sometimes trap food, plaque, and other debris in the soft tissue around it, leading to swelling, gum tenderness, cavities, and bad breath. (akronchildrens.org)
  • Poor dental care - If you don't take care of your teeth at home or if you are unable to visit the dentist regularly means that problems like cavities and gum disease are left to fester. (ottawalife.com)
  • Additionally, impacted teeth cause challenges in cleaning them, so they are vulnerable to decay and cavities. (areasontosmile.com)
  • The classification structure helps clinicians estimate the risks for impaction, infections and complications associated with wisdom teeth removal. (wikipedia.org)
  • 143-144 Each of these factors is used to predict the difficulty (and rate of complications) when removing an impacted tooth, with age being the most reliable predictor rather than the orientation of the impaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The AAOMS also recommends that practitioners should actively monitor wisdom teeth in case of complications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Impacted or malpositioned wisdom teeth are associated with a number of complications related to inflammation including infection, caries, and periodontal disease. (facialart.com)
  • Dry socket (alveolar osteitis) is one of the most common complications of wisdom tooth removal. (eahealth.org)
  • Your dentist or surgeon will try to minimise the possibility of nerve damage when removing your wisdom tooth, and they should tell you about the risk of complications before the procedure. (eahealth.org)
  • This can lead to complications, such as "impacted" (not fully erupted from the gum) wisdom teeth. (omsnashville.com)
  • Complications related to impacted teeth (pain, cystic changes, root resorption or eruption disturbance of adjacent teeth) were also noted. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What Complications Can Occur During Wisdom Tooth Removal? (articleapprove.com)
  • It was the meeting of sterile technique, radiology, and anesthesia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that allowed the more routine management of impacted wisdom teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • These diagnostic records help dentists determine the ideal time and technique for management of impacted wisdom teeth tailored to each patient. (cdhp.org)
  • Dentists will recommend taking out a wisdom tooth if it causes a person pain and discomfort or if it damages or could damage the adjacent teeth or jaw bone. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Dentists often leave wisdom teeth alone if they are healthy, fully erupted, and in the appropriate positions and a person can easily clean them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, many dentists and oral surgeons in the United States suggest removing impacted wisdom teeth as a preventative measure against infection, such as gum disease and tooth decay. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Dentists closely monitor wisdom tooth status during this time. (cdhp.org)
  • How do dentists assess wisdom tooth impaction? (cdhp.org)
  • Due to the potential risks, dentists often recommend prophylactic removal of asymptomatic wisdom teeth in adolescence or early adulthood. (cdhp.org)
  • Dentists or oral surgeons often remove impacted wisdom teeth because they may damage other teeth or cause pain or infection. (akronchildrens.org)
  • For this reason, it is imperative that dentists examine the underlying issues connected to crooked teeth. (ottawalife.com)
  • Dentists will recommend that you get your impacted teeth removed particularly if they are presenting oral problems. (areasontosmile.com)
  • Dental X-rays can confirm the presence of impacted teeth and can help dentists see how a partially impacted tooth is affecting neighboring teeth. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • Dentists recommend early intervention in the treatment of impacted teeth. (ugureldis.com)
  • Supernumerary impacted teeth represent a challenge to pediatric dentists. (bvsalud.org)
  • One review found that 11% of wisdom teeth will have evidence of disease and are symptomatic, 0.6% will be symptomatic but have no disease, 51% will be asymptomatic but have disease present and 37% will be asymptomatic and have no disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth, practitioners cannot accurately predict which wisdom teeth will cause issues. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Prophylactic removal of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth is the surgical removal of wisdom teeth in the absence of symptoms and with no evidence of local disease. (ru.nl)
  • Other reasons to justify prophylactic removal of asymptomatic disease-free impacted third molars have included preventing late lower incisor crowding, preventing damage to adjacent structures such as the second molar or the inferior alveolar nerve, in preparation for orthognathic surgery, in preparation for radiotherapy or during procedures to treat people with trauma to the affected area. (ru.nl)
  • Removal of asymptomatic disease-free wisdom teeth is a common procedure, and researchers must determine whether evidence supports this practice. (ru.nl)
  • OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of removal compared with retention (conservative management) of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth in adolescents and adults. (ru.nl)
  • SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), with no restriction on length of follow-up, comparing removal (or absence) with retention (or presence) of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth in adolescents or adults. (ru.nl)
  • Primary outcome No eligible studies in this review reported the effects of removal compared with retention of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth on health-related quality of life Secondary outcomes We found only low- to very low-certainty evidence of the effects of removal compared with retention of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth for a limited number of secondary outcome measures. (ru.nl)
  • One prospective cohort study, reporting data from a subgroup of 416 healthy male participants, aged 24 to 84 years, compared the effects of the absence (previous removal or agenesis) against the presence of asymptomatic disease-free impacted wisdom teeth on periodontitis and caries associated with the distal aspect of the adjacent second molar during a follow-up period of three to over 25 years. (ru.nl)
  • Infection resulting from impacted wisdom teeth can be initially treated with antibiotics, local debridement or surgical removal of the gum overlying the tooth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The long-term risk of coronectomy is that chronic infection can persist from the tooth remnants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even if no apparent damage occurs, the angle and position of wisdom teeth can make them susceptible to disease and bacteria buildup, which can lead to infection and decay. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The second molar, next to the wisdom tooth, becomes more prone to infection if something is pushing against it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • You may also experience damage to your other teeth, including infection and overcrowding of teeth. (colgate.com)
  • Several of the more common causes of missing teeth are advanced periodontal disease, severe jawbone weakening, acute tooth decay, infection, or injury. (dentalworks.com)
  • Because the gum tissue overlaps the tooth, food particles and bacteria can become trapped, leading to rapid tooth decay and even infection. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • When a wisdom tooth does not get the required space to grow, it results in infection, pain, discomfort, and maybe other dental concerns. (articleapprove.com)
  • Have you had a recent sore throat , sinus infection , tooth abscess , or other illness? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth can also be classified by the presence or absence of symptoms and disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth without communication to the mouth, that have no pathology associated with the tooth, and have not caused tooth resorption on the blocking tooth, rarely have symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • What are the symptoms of impacted teeth? (colgate.com)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth do not always show symptoms, meaning you could have impacted teeth and did not even realize it. (colgate.com)
  • Annual dental appointments and x-rays can catch impacted teeth early before they start to show symptoms. (colgate.com)
  • If symptoms do arise, it is usually the gum result on top of the tooth becoming infected or swollen. (colgate.com)
  • Should you experience any of these impacted wisdom tooth symptoms, visit your dentist. (colgate.com)
  • It can be mild or severe, and some people don't even know they're doing it until they experience symptoms such as headache, jaw pain, and tooth sensitivity. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Both types may result in similar symptoms such as headaches in the morning, soreness in the jaw muscles upon waking up or throughout the day & worn down teeth over time due to wear-and-tear on the enamel from constant rubbing between opposing rows of teeth for extended periods - although these symptoms tend to be more pronounced in night-time grinders since they are unaware they are doing so at all! (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Any patient with impacted wisdom teeth will begin to notice a few symptoms that will worsen as the condition continues to develop. (talkhealthpartnership.com)
  • An AAOMS review also suggests that having a wisdom tooth is more likely to cause a worsened periodontal status than not having one. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Impaction may also result from orientation of the tooth in an other than vertical position in the periodontal structures. (umassmed.edu)
  • The most prevalent oral diseases include dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal (gum) disease, tooth loss, and cancers of the lips and oral cavity. (who.int)
  • Severe periodontal disease, a major cause of total tooth loss, is estimated to affect 267 million people, particularly older people. (who.int)
  • Those with highest public health relevance include dental caries, severe periodontal (gum) disease, complete tooth loss (edentulism), oral cancer, oro-dental trauma, noma and congenital malformations such as cleft lip and palate, most of which are preventable. (who.int)
  • Sensory innervation of the periodontal ligaments provides proprioceptive information about pressure on the teeth and oral stereognosis (perceiving the form of an object) as well as jaw opening and salivation reflexes. (medscape.com)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth are classified by their direction of impaction, their depth compared to the biting surface of adjacent teeth and the amount of the tooth's crown that extends through gum tissue or bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • The prognosis for the second molar is good following the wisdom teeth removal with the likelihood of bone loss after surgery increased when the extractions are completed in people who are 25 years of age or older. (wikipedia.org)
  • 140 Impacted wisdom teeth are classified by the direction and depth of impaction, the amount of available space for tooth eruption, and the amount of soft tissue or bone (or both) that covers them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dentist informed me she would have to remove the tooth (whenever Ineeded it because it isn't causing discomfort) and since it's pressed against molar she needs to remove part of the bone on that molar and replace it. (dentalfearcentral.org)
  • It involves making an incision to visualize the tooth and removing bone and tooth structure as necessary to extract it. (cdhp.org)
  • The teeth and bone samples used in the study, which is published in the journal PLOS ONE , came from children and adults who were buried in a graveyard that was excavated ten years ago. (irishcentral.com)
  • Gum Disease - Misaligned, crowded, or crooked teeth make it more difficult to clean them properly as they create more hiding places for plaque and bacteria thereby heightening the chance of gingival inflammation, bone loss, and gum recession. (ottawalife.com)
  • An impacted tooth is any tooth that is prevented from reaching its normal position in the mouth by tissue, bone, or another tooth. (intelligentdental.com)
  • A dense bone decreases the movement of the teeth in forward direction. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Impacted tooth proves that weakening of the mandible occurs due to displacement of bone. (intelligentdental.com)
  • 2. Movement of teeth during eruption consists of preparing a path through bone / soft tissues and moving them along this path. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Prevention of Bone Loss: Unlike other tooth replacement options , such as dentures, dental implants stimulate the jawbone and prevent bone loss. (skopemag.com)
  • Bone weakening has its own set of side effects and could make it harder to substitute lost teeth with dental implants. (dentalworks.com)
  • It usually happens when a tooth is stuck against another tooth, bone, or soft tissue. (webmd.com)
  • The remaining impacted eye teeth are found in the middle of the supporting bone, but are stuck in an elevated position above the roots of the adjacent teeth, or are out to the facial side of the dental arch. (albanyoms.com)
  • Because of the lack of space in the structure of the tooth jaw, the gum may remain embedded under another tooth or bone. (ugureldis.com)
  • Why is the age 17 to 25 years crucial for wisdom teeth eruption? (cdhp.org)
  • 3. Formation of the eruption pathway is the rate-limiting step as revealed by rapid catch-up eruption of temporary unerrupted teeth. (intelligentdental.com)
  • It was stated that when a tooth is unerupted more than 1 year after the normal age for eruption, it is then defined as "impacted" [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The techniques involved to aid eruption can be applied to any impacted tooth in the upper or lower jaw, but most commonly they are applied to the maxillary cuspid (upper eye) teeth. (albanyoms.com)
  • The oral surgeon will also need to remove any extra teeth (supernumerary teeth) or growths that are blocking the eruption of any adult teeth. (albanyoms.com)
  • The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that a panorex screening x-ray, along with a dental examination, be performed on all dental patients at around the age of seven years to count the teeth and determine if there are problems with eruption of the adult teeth. (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • Are there extra teeth present or unusual growths that are blocking the eruption of the eyetooth? (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • Treating such a problem may involve an orthodontist placing braces to open spaces to allow for proper eruption of the adult teeth. (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • Their presence can cause failure of eruption of permanent teeth, growth and development alterations and displacement of teeth. (bvsalud.org)
  • A person may need orthodontic treatments to straighten crooked teeth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Once the tooth is exposed, the oral surgeon will bond an orthodontic bracket to the exposed tooth. (michiganoms.com)
  • Before Orthodontic Treatment: Orthodontic treatment is performed to correct the tooth arch and tooth alignment in young patients. (ugureldis.com)
  • In order for orthodontic treatment to be completed successfully, it is necessary to perform impacted dental treatment first. (ugureldis.com)
  • These 3 impacted and stacked teeth were sequentially aligned after surgical exposure and orthodontic traction , and the surrounding dentigerous cyst healed simultaneously. (bvsalud.org)
  • The tooth may grow into a sac in the jawbone, which fills with fluid, creating a cyst . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The cyst can damage the jawbone and nearby teeth and nerves. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The diagnosis of impacted wisdom teeth can be confirmed with dental x-rays, which may also reveal damage to the other teeth or jawbone. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • The jawbone depends on regular stimulation from the tooth roots to stay in good shape. (dentalworks.com)
  • When teeth are lost, the jawbone can't rely on this structure, causing it to weaken. (dentalworks.com)
  • Implants merge with the jawbone to produce long-term durability for tooth replacement. (dentalworks.com)
  • Wisdom teeth that are completely impacted (still in the jawbone) can sometimes be left alone if they aren't causing other problems. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • A dentist may clean the teeth and prescribe antibiotics , but if the problem returns, the teeth may need removing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • your dentist is likely following your wisdom teeth' progress during your regular dental checkups. (colgate.com)
  • Although wisdom teeth may not always require removal, they can still be vulnerable to tooth decay due to placement and should be checked by a dentist frequently to ensure they remain disease and decay-free. (colgate.com)
  • If you believe you have impacted wisdom teeth, contact your dentist for a checkup and x-rays. (colgate.com)
  • The only way to really know if a wisdom tooth that is partially through the gum is impacted is to see a dentist or an oral surgeon for an X-ray. (akronchildrens.org)
  • You should see your dentist or oral surgeon to find out if your tooth is impacted. (akronchildrens.org)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth can be detected early using a panelipse x-ray and can usually be identified by your dentist before they begin to cause debilitating pain. (talkhealthpartnership.com)
  • After examination with imaging devices such as X-rays and 3D scans, a dentist can establish if an impacted tooth has the potential to cause problems in the future. (areasontosmile.com)
  • The dentist wiggles the tooth, making it loosen up before pulling it gently but swiftly to remove it. (areasontosmile.com)
  • Once the dentist accesses the tooth and removes it, the gum tissues are then stitched together. (areasontosmile.com)
  • There is no visible part of the tooth that the dentist can grasp with dental forceps. (areasontosmile.com)
  • Talk to our dentist regarding surgical and simple extractions for your teeth. (areasontosmile.com)
  • If you are looking for a dentist who is experienced in impacted tooth removal, contact Family & Cosmetic Dental Care today to schedule an appointment. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • Can your dentist save the tooth? (webmd.com)
  • Most dentist recommend crowns for cracked teeth to prevent the crack from worsening. (webmd.com)
  • Dental bonding in the Stone Mountain area is available from experienced dentist Candace Rausch, D.M.D.. If your teeth have unsightly cracks or discoloration, dental bonding can help. (1stwisdomteeth.com)
  • My 9-year-old son's dentist told me he has an impacted canine and that it might resorb the root of adjacent teeth. (herman4braces.com)
  • While the most common type of impacted tooth is a wisdom tooth, there are other teeth that can become impacted in the mouth and require removal. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • But this is also a common age for wisdom teeth to cause impaction issues. (cdhp.org)
  • Periapicals - X-rays show wisdom tooth root status and angle of impaction . (cdhp.org)
  • Impaction is usually caused by the overcrowding of teeth, which leaves insufficient room for a new tooth to emerge. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Impaction can occur when a baby tooth is lost before the new tooth is ready to emerge, which allows the remaining teeth to drift into the space reserved for the new tooth. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Growth of the jaw and movement of teeth occurs in forward direction,so any thing that interfere with such moment will cause an impaction (small jaw-decreased space). (intelligentdental.com)
  • Transmigration, which is defined as migration of an impacted tooth across the midline, is a rarer condition than standard impaction cases [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This case report presents an 11-year-old girl with impaction of 3 adjacent maxillary anterior teeth , including labiopalatally oriented maxillary right central and lateral incisors and a mesially inclined maxillary right canine. (bvsalud.org)
  • Wisdom teeth that grow in a different position can cause pain and damage adjacent teeth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Panoramic - Orthopantomograms reveal wisdom teeth and adjacent structures. (cdhp.org)
  • The irregular erupted portion of an impacted wisdom tooth traps plaque and debris, increasing decay risk of adjacent teeth. (cdhp.org)
  • Pressure on adjacent teeth, especially lower second molars, can lead to gradual root resorption. (cdhp.org)
  • While impacted teeth often do not cause problems right away, they can push on adjacent teeth and eventually cause misalignment of the bite. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • When this happens, it can cause misaligned teeth and even more severe dental health problems. (ottawalife.com)
  • While occasional teeth grinding is not harmful, persistent bruxism can cause dental problems like worn-down teeth and jaw pain. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • If your dental professional recommends removal due to the diagnosis of an impacted wisdom tooth, ask for a referral to a qualified oral and maxillofacial surgeon to ensure a successful and complication-free oral surgery. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • At blue cedar dentistry, we understand the emotional toll of tooth loss and offer dental implants as a remarkable solution to restore your smile and confidence. (skopemag.com)
  • Dental implants offer a life-changing solution for those struggling with the psychological impact of tooth loss. (skopemag.com)
  • Restored Self-Confidence: Dental implants look and feel like natural teeth. (skopemag.com)
  • When a tooth is lost, it no longer remains in the dental arch, resulting in a gap that can disrupt the overall structure and functionality of the mouth. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Understanding the definition and implications of tooth loss is where dental experts like John G. Kostides, D.D.S, P.C. come into the picture. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Through their research and clinical experience, dental professionals can provide tailored solutions and support to individuals experiencing the challenges posed by tooth loss. (gogreennrv.org)
  • By recognizing the significance of dental experts, individuals can find reassurance and access the necessary resources to address the emotional impact of tooth loss. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Seeking professional help from experienced dental experts is crucial in navigating the emotional journey of tooth loss. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Dental restoration plays a vital role in enhancing body image perception by providing a solution to missing teeth. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Note: Find out which dental treatment will work best for your teeth. (healthcaremagic.com)
  • Teeth play a more important part in a person's dental health and general wellness than merely creating the look of a gorgeous, bright smile. (dentalworks.com)
  • At DentalWorks - Dublin, our experienced team of dental professionals is pleased to perform a spectrum of tooth replacement solutions to help men and women in Dublin, OH address tooth loss and experience optimal dental health. (dentalworks.com)
  • Inadequately functioning teeth may have to be removed in an attempt to preserve a person's dental wellness and minimize the risk of concerns for the long term. (dentalworks.com)
  • If one or several teeth are lost, it impacts a wide array of factors regarding your mouth, dental health, and overall daily life. (dentalworks.com)
  • From problems with proper oral function to damaged self-confidence, lost teeth usually have a notable effect on your overall way of living, smile, and dental wellness. (dentalworks.com)
  • Our highly qualified Dublin, OH dental practitioners provide custom-made dentures, implants, and dental bridges to enable you to overcome missing a single tooth or many teeth. (dentalworks.com)
  • Implant-supported appliances are composed of a metal screw that serves as a man-made tooth root, as well as a dental crown, bridge, or denture that's attached to the post. (dentalworks.com)
  • A dental bridge takes the place of one or many teeth missing from the same area in the mouth. (dentalworks.com)
  • Bridges take the form of a set of dental crowns that are adjoined to act as a single appliance and take the place of a single tooth or more teeth. (dentalworks.com)
  • With modern dental techniques, restoring missing teeth with customized dentures, implants, and fixed or removable bridges can help you achieve good oral health and an elevated smile. (dentalworks.com)
  • If tooth loss starts to impact your quality of life, we urge you to call our highly qualified staff of dental practitioners in Dublin, OH for a consultation. (dentalworks.com)
  • Our experienced team offers comprehensive dental exams, general and cosmetic dentistry, dental implants, clear aligners, and teeth whitening. (areasontosmile.com)
  • Your Toronto Oral Surgeon, Dr. Tina Meisami , offers exceptional oral surgery services including Dental Implants, Wisdom Teeth Removal, Jaw Surgery, and more. (yorkvilleoralsurgery.com)
  • There are a variety of issues that can result from impacted teeth, making them important to have removed by a dental professional who specializes in impacted tooth removal. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • Dr. Mitul Patel at Family & Cosmetic Dental Care is a board certified Doctor of Dental Surgery and is highly qualified to remove impacted teeth. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • Dr. Patel is an experienced dental surgeon and is highly certified to remove impacted teeth, including wisdom teeth. (hellofamilydental.com)
  • With your new dental veneers, you'll be thrilled to show off your healthy teeth and beautiful smile. (1strootcanal.com)
  • Impacted teeth is a common oral/dental problem that can often cause pain and discomfort in the mouth and jaw area. (omsnashville.com)
  • A lot of people often dismiss impacted teeth as a simple toothache, and don't get the dental care they need in order to address the issue, ultimately leading to worsening problems. (omsnashville.com)
  • To schedule a consultation regarding dental implants , wisdom teeth removal , all-on-4 , or any other oral procedure, contact OMS Nashville today. (omsnashville.com)
  • Dr. D.S. Shoker, D.D.S, Inc. is a trusted Fremont area dental implants practice providing natural-looking, comfortable tooth replacement. (1stwisdomteeth.com)
  • To prevent it, brush your teeth at least twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, limit snacks, floss daily, rinse with a fluoride mouthwash, and keep up with your dental appointments. (webmd.com)
  • Implant & Family Dentistry is a trusted Marietta area dental implants practice providing natural-looking, comfortable tooth replacement. (1stwisdomteeth.com)
  • At Alicia Dental, we want you to have the straight teeth and beautiful smile you desire. (anaheimwisdomteeth.com)
  • Sixty percent of these impacted eyeteeth are located on the palatal (roof of the mouth) side of the dental arch. (albanyoms.com)
  • A panoramic x-ray, along with a dental examination, will help determine whether all the adult teeth are present or if some adult teeth are missing. (albanyoms.com)
  • The only option is to extract the impacted tooth and replace it with a crown on a dental implant or a fixed bridge. (albanyoms.com)
  • Sadly, the only option at this point is to extract the impacted tooth and consider an alternate treatment to replace it in the dental arch (crown on a dental implant or a fixed bridge). (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • A space will be opened to provide room for the impacted tooth to be moved into its proper position in the dental arch. (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • Whether you're missing a single tooth or experiencing pain from slipping dentures, mini dental implants can be a faster way to regain your beautiful smile. (losangeleswisdomteeth.com)
  • If the canine is impacted within the dental arch or in front of erupted teeth it is always due to crowding. (herman4braces.com)
  • Healing is developing faster in impacted dental treatments performed at an early age. (ugureldis.com)
  • The ease or difficulty of impacted dental surgery depends on some conditions, such as the location, position, and root formation of the tooth. (ugureldis.com)
  • In impacted dental operations, the anatomy of the region is examined and appropriate and adequate anesthesia is applied so that the patient does not feel any pain during the operation. (ugureldis.com)
  • The case reported in this paper presents the resolution of a case of two supernumerary impacted teeth in a dental office environment, under sedation and with excellent radiographic clinical success. (bvsalud.org)
  • Untreated dental caries in permanent teeth is the single most prevalent condition globally, affecting 2.3 billion people. (who.int)
  • We were interested in people with both cosmetic and physical dental problems, people with no teeth at all, and people with children under 18 (including infants). (cdc.gov)
  • Hay tres teorías que tratan the etiology of supernumerary teeth has not de explicar esta anomalía dental: dicotomía del germen been defined, but three theories try to explain this dental anomaly. (bvsalud.org)
  • Screening for the presence of wisdom teeth often begins in late adolescence when a partially developed tooth may become impacted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wisdom teeth can also grow in an atypical direction, coming out sideways, at an atypical angle, or only partially. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sometimes a partially impacted wisdom tooth can have a flap of gum tissue that collects food particles that can harbor bacteria, leading to inflammation and discomfort. (colgate.com)
  • If the inflammation of the gum tissue around the partially erupted tooth persists, then you may find it painful to bite down or sense a bad taste in your mouth. (colgate.com)
  • When they are impacted, it means the teeth either become stuck under the gum or are only able to partially break through the gum. (akronchildrens.org)
  • Because of the lack of space, wisdom teeth can sometimes emerge at an angle or get stuck and only partially emerge. (eahealth.org)
  • Is the tooth impacted below the tissue. (dentalfearcentral.org)
  • Inflamed and infected gum tissue created because the area around impacted wisdom teeth is difficult to clean properly. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Partial dentures depend on the permanent teeth to keep their placement, while full-arch dentures rest securely on the gum tissue via jaw contours or a minimal amount of denture glue. (dentalworks.com)
  • At a young age, the surgical procedure can be performed more easily because the roots of the mature teeth are not fully developed and the tissue is softer. (ugureldis.com)
  • However, most teeth that become impacted are wisdom teeth because they are the last permanent teeth to come in and the jaw lacks enough room to accommodate them. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Toddlers frequently develop their baby teeth and permanent teeth in a crooked fashion. (ottawalife.com)
  • But other permanent teeth can be impacted as well. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • It also causes gum inflammation and pockets around nearby teeth. (cdhp.org)
  • As time goes by, these spaces can push the neighboring teeth to move, because there will be little to no support from the nearby teeth. (ottawalife.com)
  • If teeth are lost, the nearby teeth tend to shift into this gap. (dentalworks.com)
  • These appliances may be supported by implants or attached to nearby teeth, depending on your needs. (dentalworks.com)
  • After Impacted tooth exposure , do not disturb the wound. (yorkvilleoralsurgery.com)
  • A definitive analysis of the impact on public health of lead-contaminated soil is limited often by a lack of information on human exposure factors and soil conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the health assessor will find the information in this report useful in characterizing the significance of exposure pathways and the importance of the physical and chemical properties of the lead compounds that may impact on persons' uptake of lead. (cdc.gov)
  • An impacted canine was considered to be transmigrated when at least part of its length had crossed the midline. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Impacted and transmigrated canine teeth were found in 16 (3.53%) and two (0.44%) patients in the study group, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What causes a canine to become impacted and which teeth are at risk of resorption? (herman4braces.com)
  • If a canine is impacted (stuck) in the palate the cause is either genetics or an unknown cause. (herman4braces.com)
  • Any child with an impacted canine should immediately see an orthodontist for evaluation. (herman4braces.com)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth is a condition where the third molars (wisdom teeth) are prevented from erupting into the mouth. (wikipedia.org)
  • This system includes a horizontal and vertical component to classify the location of third molars (predominately applicable to lower third molars): the third molar's relationship to the level of the teeth already in the mouth, being the vertical or x-component and to the anterior border of the ramus being the horizontal or y-component. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human mouth normally does not have room for 32 teeth, which includes the four wisdom teeth, so if wisdom teeth come through, they may cause crowding, infections, ear pain, and swelling. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Having a small jaw or mouth with an abundance of teeth does not allow wisdom teeth to come through - they do not fully emerge into the mouth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The teeth are typically too small to fill out the gum space in the mouth or the jaw is too small for the teeth. (ottawalife.com)
  • Mouth pain and bite problems caused by damage to surrounding teeth created from crowding caused by the extra molars. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Aside from leaving a gap in the smile, losing one or several teeth can result in someone's facial structures appearing sunken near the mouth and jawline. (dentalworks.com)
  • Even though a few people may not know this, the teeth need each other to maintain their proper location within the mouth. (dentalworks.com)
  • By this time, the other 28 adult teeth are usually in place, so there isn't always enough room in the mouth for the wisdom teeth to grow properly. (eahealth.org)
  • Meanwhile, it can help to rinse your mouth with warm water, floss to remove food caught between teeth, and take an over-the-counter pain reliever. (webmd.com)
  • How many teeth are in your mouth? (webmd.com)
  • A more complicated situation develops when upper teeth are impacted because there isn't enough space in the mouth for them. (chicagokidsdds.com)
  • Your third molars situated at the back of your mouth are also called your wisdom teeth. (harbourpointeoralsurgery.net)
  • Oral health is the state of the mouth, teeth and orofacial structures that enables individuals to perform essential functions, such as eating, breathing and speaking, and encompasses psychosocial dimensions, such as self-confidence, well-being and the ability to socialize and work without pain, discomfort and embarrassment. (who.int)
  • In most cases, surgical extractions are done on teeth whose crowns cannot be seen. (areasontosmile.com)
  • The removal of wisdom teeth, or third molars, is one of the most common surgical procedures carried out in the UK. (eahealth.org)
  • The surgery to expose and bracket an impacted tooth is a very straightforward surgical procedure that is performed in the oral surgeon's office. (albanyoms.com)
  • Brush your teeth as best you can avoiding the surgical site. (drsilvaoralsurgery.com)
  • In a simple surgical procedure performed in the surgeon's office, the gum on top of the impacted tooth will be lifted up to expose the hidden tooth underneath. (michiganoms.com)
  • Alignment issues that alter the effects of braces, bridges, crowns and partial dentures due the crowding created by impacted wisdom teeth. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Dentures are partial or full-arch devices that fill in for lost teeth in the top or bottom arches. (dentalworks.com)
  • Implant retained dentures won't slip, and are a long-lasting solution to missing teeth. (anaheimwisdomteeth.com)
  • Contrary to popular belief, impacted teeth may not be located only in the upper or lower jaw. (ugureldis.com)
  • The maxillary cuspid (upper eyetooth) is the second most common tooth to become impacted. (albanyoms.com)
  • Traction of impacted and stacked maxillary anterior teeth with precise biomechanics followed by torque control using gate spring. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mesiodens are supernumerary teeth, commonly seen in the maxillary midline. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cuando la región afectada está ubicada en la línea the two maxillary central incisors is termed media del paladar entre los dos incisivos centrales superio- mesiodens. (bvsalud.org)
  • If the procedure only requires exposing the tooth with no bracketing, the time required will be shortened by about one half. (albanyoms.com)
  • Even though our permanent, adult teeth are meant to stay with us, there are some instances where they simply need to be removed. (omsnashville.com)
  • An adult tooth that doesn't come in properly is "impacted. (webmd.com)
  • If you're like most people, you had 20 primary, or "baby," teeth, and you now have 32 adult teeth. (webmd.com)
  • It is important to determine whether all the adult teeth are present or are some adult teeth missing. (middletownoralsurgery.com)
  • Low Self-Esteem - Misaligned teeth may also affect mental health. (ottawalife.com)
  • Since an attractive smile boosts self-confidence, we can see the clear link between great teeth and self-esteem. (ottawalife.com)
  • Lowered Self-Esteem: A missing or multiple teeth can decrease self-esteem and self-confidence. (skopemag.com)
  • By recognizing the emotional impact of tooth loss and taking proactive steps, individuals can reclaim their self-esteem, improve social interactions, and restore their overall emotional well-being. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Body image and self-esteem can be significantly impacted by tooth loss. (gogreennrv.org)
  • It is crucial to address these body image concerns related to tooth loss and implement effective strategies for improving self-esteem. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Your self esteem will return with your new natural-looking teeth. (anaheimwisdomteeth.com)
  • Supporters for retaining wisdom teeth cite the risk and cost of unnecessary surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Removing impacted wisdom teeth is an outpatient oral surgery procedure performed under local or general anesthesia . (cdhp.org)
  • As with any type of surgery, wisdom tooth removal carries some risks. (eahealth.org)
  • So to avoid this concern, many people have their wisdom teeth removed before these problems arise as a preventative measure. (colgate.com)
  • Ninety-four patients brushed their teeth before the test while 74 did not. (snmjournals.org)
  • Thirty-six of the 74 patients (49%) who did not brush their teeth had positive results at 10 min, which became negative at 20 min. (snmjournals.org)
  • None of the 94 patients who brushed their teeth before testing showed this pattern with agreement of results at 10 and 20 min. (snmjournals.org)
  • The number, position, localization (right/left) and transmigration of teeth, as well as sex, age and systemic conditions of patients, were noted. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the treatment of impacted teeth, patients usually wait until they encounter a situation that will make them uncomfortable. (ugureldis.com)
  • Chewing Difficulty - Crooked teeth may hinder one's ability to chew properly. (ottawalife.com)
  • These mental health issues can impact one's overall quality of life. (skopemag.com)
  • Tooth loss can lead to losing one's identity and attractiveness. (skopemag.com)
  • The perception of one's physical appearance can be negatively influenced by the presence of missing teeth, leading to self-consciousness and a negative body image. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Therefore, knowing and understanding demands of the various initiatives required that proper nutrition and physical activity by this policy, we must all be prepared have a significant impact on one's ability to to be dynamic and flexible. (who.int)
  • The supernumerary teeth were diagnosed by periapical radiograph and computed tomography. (bvsalud.org)
  • When it comes to addressing the emotional impact of tooth loss, seeking professional help and guidance plays a crucial role. (gogreennrv.org)
  • The emotional impact of tooth loss can be profound, affecting various aspects of a person's life. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Once you're in your late teens and early twenties, you may think you've accomplished all your major oral health milestones until you discover your wisdom teeth are coming in. (colgate.com)
  • Crooked teeth do more than just give you a bad smile, it can also seriously affect your health. (ottawalife.com)
  • When tooth decay and gum disease occur, due to improper hygiene, it can affect overall health. (ottawalife.com)
  • Negative Impact On Whole-Body Health - Many studies have revealed a connection between oral health and overall health. (ottawalife.com)
  • However, chronic stress can have a negative impact on our physical and mental health. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Understanding the causes of your teeth grinding can help you identify triggers and take steps to manage it before it becomes a chronic problem that affects your overall health and well-being. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • Don't let tooth loss affect your mental and emotional health any longer. (skopemag.com)
  • Understanding the definition of tooth loss is essential in recognizing its impact on oral health and the subsequent emotional and social implications it can have. (gogreennrv.org)
  • Losing teeth can harm several areas of your health. (dentalworks.com)
  • The straight teeth, bright smile and life-long oral health you envision really can be yours. (losangeleswisdomteeth.com)
  • Share information to help all people living in the US have better oral health and 1 IN 4 keep their natural teeth longer. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite being largely preventable, these diseases are among the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases globally, with significant health, social and economic impacts. (who.int)
  • The Agency was established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA, also known as Superfund) to assess the public health impact of hazardous wastes in the general environment, to identify human populations at risk, and to effect actions to prevent adverse health effects from human contact with hazardous substances. (cdc.gov)
  • This report provides background information on the complex and interactive factors that environmental health scientists need to consider when evaluating the impact of lead-contaminated soil on public health. (cdc.gov)
  • Is it just one tooth you are removing and how old are you? (dentalfearcentral.org)
  • In addition, when the impacted tooth tries to come out later, situations such as removing and re-installing the prosthesis may be faced. (ugureldis.com)
  • Additionally, impacted wisdom teeth can push against other teeth and cause crowding. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The most common treatment for recurrent pericoronitis is wisdom tooth removal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although far less common than dry socket, injury to sections of a nerve called the trigeminal nerve is another possible complication of wisdom tooth removal. (eahealth.org)
  • When there is tooth decay and gum disease, this can increase the likelihood of diseases such as stroke, diabetes, and heart disease. (ottawalife.com)
  • Impacted wisdom teeth that are left untreated can lead to gum disease and tooth decay. (colgate.com)
  • Sometimes, when there is a high risk to the inferior alveolar nerve, only the crown of the tooth will be removed (intentionally leaving the roots) in a procedure called a coronectomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wisdom tooth roots not fully formed, increasing chances of malpositioning. (cdhp.org)
  • More factors that could require a patient to receive a tooth removal are cracked teeth, fractured roots, or irreparable wear. (dentalworks.com)
  • The cuspid teeth are very strong biting teeth and have the longest roots of any human teeth. (albanyoms.com)
  • As the age progresses, the treatment may become difficult because the tooth roots will develop. (ugureldis.com)
  • The impacted tooth is removed as a whole or by dividing it into roots, depending on its position. (ugureldis.com)
  • On the other hand, awake bruxism occurs when you clench your jaw or grind your teeth while being conscious. (royaldentalcentre.com)
  • when it occurs, it impacts the patient 's chewing function and smile esthetics , and it has always been problematic for clinicians. (bvsalud.org)