Tracheitis
Croup
Respiratory Insufficiency
Successful treatment of post-influenza pseudomembranous necrotising bronchial aspergillosis with liposomal amphotericin, inhaled amphotericin B, gamma interferon and GM-CSF. (1/88)
A case of aspergillus tracheobronchitis following influenza A infection in an immunocompetent 35 year old woman is described that required prolonged mechanical ventilation for airways obstruction. Treatment included liposomal amphotericin, inhaled amphotericin, gamma interferon and GM-CSF. Liposomal amphotericin therapy was associated with reversible hepatosplenomegaly. Inhaled corticosteroids with continued antifungal therapy were used for the management of severe recurrent airway obstruction. After a prolonged course of treatment she survived with fixed airways obstruction unresponsive to corticosteroids. (+info)Epithelial cell kinetics in the inflammatory process of chicken trachea infected with infectious bronchitis virus. (2/88)
All stages of degeneration and regeneration in chicken tracheal epithelium were studied morphologically following an intratracheal inoculation of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Viral antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of tracheal epithelium from 1 to 7 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.) with a peak on 3 d.p.i. At 1 d.p.i., almost all epithelial cells were involved in the degeneration. At this time, labelling index of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in the basal cells showed significantly high value compared with control. At 2 and 3 d.p.i., a great number of basal cells were recognized, but the BrdU labelling index tended to decrease. At 4 and 5 d.p.i., the BrdU labelling index of basal cells significantly decreased than 1 d.p.i., and a few number of regenerated immature ciliated epithelia appeared. At 6 to 11 d.p.i., the ciliated columnar epithelia increased rapidly in number, and returned to the normal appearance except for non-ciliated patch by 13 d.p.i. These results suggested that the tracheal epithelial cells infected with IBV degenerated within 24 hours and proliferating activity of basal cells functioned immediately, and 3 to 4 days later, these basal cells were differentiated to the ciliated epithelia. (+info)Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis due to Bacillus cereus. (3/88)
We present a case of a rapidly progressive pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis and pneumonia in a 52-year-old woman with severe aplastic anemia. Bacillus cereus was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, blood cultures, and pseudomembrane biopsy specimens; despite intensive antibiotic treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a B. cereus infection that has caused pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis, possibly because of the production of bacterial toxins. (+info)Detection of antibodies to a disease-associated herpesvirus of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas. (4/88)
Lung-eye-trachea disease-associated herpesvirus (LETV) is linked with morbidity and mortality in mariculture-reared green turtles, but its prevalence among and impact on wild marine turtle populations is unknown. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of anti-LETV antibodies and could distinguish LETV-exposed green turtles from those with antibodies to fibropapillomatosis-associated herpesvirus (FPHV). Plasma from two captive-reared green turtles immunized with inactivated LETV served as positive controls. Plasma from 42 healthy captive-reared green turtles and plasma from 30 captive-reared green turtles with experimentally induced fibropapillomatosis (FP) and anti-FPHV antibodies had low ELISA values on LETV antigen. A survey of 19 wild green turtles with and 27 without FP (with and without anti-FPHV antibodies, respectively) identified individuals with antibodies to LETV regardless of their FP status. The seroprevalence of LETV infection was 13%. The presence of antibodies to LETV in plasma samples was confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. These results are the first to suggest that wild Florida green turtles are exposed to LETV or to an antigenically closely related herpesvirus(es) other than FPHV and that FPHV and LETV infections are most likely independent events. This is the first ELISA developed to detect antibodies for a specific herpesvirus infection of marine turtles. The specificity of this ELISA for LETV (ability to distinguish LETV from FPHV) makes it valuable for detecting exposure to this specific herpesvirus and enhances our ability to conduct seroepidemiological studies of these disease-associated agents in marine turtles. (+info)Interpretation of respiratory tract histology in cot deaths. (5/88)
The degree of inflammation in the trachea, bronchi, and lungs of 139 cot deaths has been analysed and each case allocated to one of four groups. In group I the changes were considered to be serious enough to have caused death, while group II cases showed similar abnormalities but of a less severe nature, and in this group there was some doubt as to whether they were a significant cause of death. Group III lesions were very minor in type and were not considered to be serious enough to have resulted in the death of the child. There was a good correlation between the degree of inflammation in the respiratory tract, and whether or not bacteria of any type were grown. The great majority of the bacterial pathogens were isolated from the first two groups. Respiratory viruses were isolated from three of the four cases of acute bronchiolitis included in group I, and also from a group II case which showed considerable bronchiolar inflammation. One-third of the cases with minor inflammation in the lung parenchyma (group III) showed some evidence of recent virus infection. (+info)Inhibition of the TNF-pathway: use of infliximab and etanercept as remission-inducing agents in cases of therapy-resistant chronic inflammatory disorders. (6/88)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential of the two tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors infliximab and etanercept as remission-inducing agents in chronic therapy-resistant inflammatory disorders of immune or non-immune pathogenesis. METHODS: 14 patients with adult Still's disease/macrophage activation syndrome (4), Wegener's disease (3), Behcet's disease (3), keratoscleritis (1), lymphomatous tracheo-bronchitis (1) Cogan's syndrome (1), and rapidly destructive crystal arthropathy (1) were treated with infliximab (n = 10) and etanercept (n = 4). All patients showed organ-threatening progression of their diseases with resistance to conventional immunosuppressive medication. Therapeutic benefit was assessed clinically and by documenting organ-specific functional and morphological alterations. Side effects were compared with the data of our clinic's rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated by TNF inhibitors. RESULTS: A rapid and dramatic beneficial effect was documented in 9 patients and a moderate one in 5. Best responses (clinical and laboratory parameters) were seen in patients with macrophage activation syndrome/adult Still's disease and Behcet's disease, while the results were less impressive in those with Wegener's disease, Cogan's syndrome, idiopathic cerato-scleritis and lymphomatous tracheobronchitis. In all cases immunosuppressive agents and systemic glucocorticoids could be reduced or discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: TNF inhibition may be highly effective in patients with severe, therapy-resistant chronic inflammatory disorders. (+info)A cotton rat model of human parainfluenza 3 laryngotracheitis: virus growth, pathology, and therapy. (7/88)
Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) infection led to laryngotracheitis in cotton rats. Laryngeal virus titers peaked at 10(5.0)-10(6.0) plaque-forming units (pfu)/g of tissue from days 2 through 5 after inoculation with 10(5.5) pfu of PIV3. Lymphocytic and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrates were present in the subglottic and proximal tracheal regions, whereas respiratory epithelial cells were blunted with loss of cilia. Topical therapy with moderate doses of triamcinolone acetonide, an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, greatly reduced the extent of lesions. Interferon-gamma messenger RNA production was increased by infection and was suppressed by the highest dose of glucocorticoid. Topical glucocorticoid therapy, with or without concurrent topical immunotherapy with antibody to PIV3, did not lead to a rebound of viral replication. (+info)Nosocomial tracheobronchitis in mechanically ventilated patients: incidence, aetiology and outcome. (8/88)
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, the organisms responsible for and the impact on outcome of nosocomial tracheobronchitis (NTB) in the intensive care unit (ICU). This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a 30-bed medical/surgical ICU over a period of 6.5 yrs. All patients ventilated for >48 h were eligible. Patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) without prior NTB were excluded. Patients with first episodes of NTB were compared with those without NTB by univariate analysis. The study diagnosed 201 (10.6%) cases of NTB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacteria. NP rates were similar in patients with NTB compared with patients without NTB. Even in the absence of subsequent NP, NTB was associated with a significantly higher length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation in both surgical and medical populations. Mortality rates were similar in NTB patients without subsequent NP compared with patients without NTB. Antimicrobial treatment in NTB patients was associated with a trend to a better outcome. Nosocomial tracheobronchitis is common in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients. In this population, nosocomial tracheobronchitis was associated with longer durations of intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of antibiotics on outcomes of patients with nosocomial tracheobronchitis. (+info)Tracheitis is a medical condition that involves inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe. It can cause symptoms such as cough, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever. Tracheitis can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, and it may also occur as a complication of other respiratory conditions. In some cases, tracheitis may require medical treatment, including antibiotics for bacterial infections or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of tracheitis, especially if they are severe or persistent.
Croup is a common respiratory condition that mainly affects young children. It is characterized by a harsh, barking cough and difficulty breathing, which can sometimes be accompanied by stridor (a high-pitched, wheezing sound that occurs when breathing in). Croup is typically caused by a viral infection that leads to inflammation of the upper airway, including the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe).
The medical definition of croup is:
* Acute laryngotracheitis or laryngotracheobronchitis
* Inflammation of the larynx and trachea, often with involvement of the bronchi
* Characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness
* Most commonly caused by viral infections, such as parainfluenza virus
* Typically affects children between 6 months and 3 years of age.
Epiglottitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis, which is a flap of tissue that sits at the base of the tongue and covers the windpipe (trachea) during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway. When the epiglottis becomes inflamed and swollen, it can obstruct the flow of air into the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and other symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and drooling. Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment, often with antibiotics and airway management measures such as intubation or tracheostomy.
Respiratory insufficiency is a condition characterized by the inability of the respiratory system to maintain adequate gas exchange, resulting in an inadequate supply of oxygen and/or removal of carbon dioxide from the body. This can occur due to various causes, such as lung diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia), neuromuscular disorders (e.g., muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injury), or other medical conditions that affect breathing mechanics and/or gas exchange.
Respiratory insufficiency can manifest as hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood) and/or hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide levels in the blood). Symptoms of respiratory insufficiency may include shortness of breath, rapid breathing, fatigue, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or even death. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition and may include oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, medications, and/or other supportive measures.
The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube-like structure in the respiratory system that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi (the two branches leading to each lung). It is composed of several incomplete rings of cartilage and smooth muscle, which provide support and flexibility. The trachea plays a crucial role in directing incoming air to the lungs during inspiration and outgoing air to the larynx during expiration.
Tracheitis
Cutting fluid
Trachea
Hot pot
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down
Upper respiratory tract infection
Respiratory disease
Acute inhalation injury
Aix-les-Bains
Croup
Emu
Oxolamine
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Antelope Island
Karl van Beethoven
Subglottic stenosis
Chest pain
Maria Callas
Dog collar
Maiwei Dihuang Wan
Capillaria aerophila
Zhu Min (Russian language professor)
Gapeworm
Pear-syrup candy
List of types of inflammation by location
Laryngotracheitis
Murine respirovirus
List of inflammatory disorders
List of ICD-9 codes 460-519: diseases of the respiratory system
Airway obstruction
Tracheitis - Wikipedia
Tracheitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Bacterial Tracheitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Bacterial Tracheitis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Bacterial tracheitis
Bacterial tracheitis: Video, Anatomy & Definition | Osmosis
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Breathing Bacterial tracheitis1
- Increasing deep or barking croup cough following a recent upper respiratory infection Crowing sound when inhaling (inspiratory stridor) 'Scratchy' feeling in the throat Chest pain Fever Ear ache Headache Dizziness (light headed) Labored breathing Bacterial tracheitis is a bacterial infection of the trachea and is capable of producing airway obstruction. (wikipedia.org)
Trachea9
- Tracheitis is an inflammation of the trachea. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] The diagnosis of tracheitis requires the direct vision of exudates or pseudomembranes on the trachea. (wikipedia.org)
- Tracheitis is a bacterial infection of the windpipe (trachea). (medlineplus.gov)
- Bacterial tracheitis is a diffuse inflammatory process of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi with adherent or semiadherent mucopurulent membranes within the trachea. (medscape.com)
- Although the pathogenesis of bacterial tracheitis is unclear, mucosal damage or impairment of local immune mechanisms due to a preceding viral infection, an injury to the trachea from recent intubation, or trauma may predispose the airway to invasive infection with common pyogenic organisms. (medscape.com)
- Patients have been reported to present with symptoms and signs of bacterial tracheitis and multiorgan failure due to exotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes in the trachea. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial tracheitis is a serious infection of the subglottic trachea , most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus , Moraxella catarrhalis , Streptococcus pneumoniae , or Haemophilus influenzae . (osmosis.org)
- People with bacterial tracheitis can present with fever, painful cough with thick secretions, stridor, and tenderness of the trachea. (osmosis.org)
- Bacterial tracheitis is bacterial infection of the trachea, typically causing dyspnea and stridor. (msdmanuals.com)
Croup8
- however, patients with bacterial tracheitis do not respond to standard croup therapy (racemic epinephrine) and instead require treatment with antibiotics and may experience acute respiratory decompensation. (medscape.com)
- [ 10 ] Approximately 98% had viral croup, and 2% had bacterial tracheitis. (medscape.com)
- Symptoms of bacterial tracheitis may be intermediately between those of epiglottitis and croup. (medscape.com)
- A high index of suspicion for bacterial tracheitis is needed in children with viral croup-like symptoms who do not respond to standard croup treatment or clinically worsen. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial tracheitis is a medical emergency which may be confused with either croup or acute epiglottitis. (gpnotebook.com)
- Diagnosis of bacterial tracheitis is suspected clinically and can be confirmed by direct laryngoscopy, which reveals purulent secretions and inflammation in the subglottic area with a shaggy, purulent membrane, or by lateral neck x-ray, which reveals subglottic narrowing that may be irregular as opposed to the symmetric tapering typical of croup. (msdmanuals.com)
- In young children, otitis media and respiratory complications such as croup, bronchiolitis, and tracheitis can occur. (cdc.gov)
- Viral croup may be complicated by bacterial tracheitis (found in the patient below) that is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae , or Moraxella catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
Viral1
- Acute viral upper respiratory tract infection defined as a visit with only one listed diagnosis and this diagnosis had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for acute nasopharyngitis (ICD-9-CM 460), acute laryngitis and tracheitis (ICD-9-CM 464.xx), acute respiratory infections of multiple or unspecified sites (ICD-9-CM 465.xx), or cough (ICD-9-CM 786.2). (cdc.gov)
Inflammation3
- Bacterial tracheitis results in severe exudative inflammation of the airway, which can lead to airway obstruction . (osmosis.org)
- In traditional Korean medicine (TKM), TF is used for improving eye trouble, as well as liver and kidney disorders, cutaneous pruritus, edema, inflammation, and tracheitis in skin diseases [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The copper slags produced lung adenomas, chronic bronchitis, and chronic tracheitis without secondary inflammation of the pulmonary lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
Bronchitis4
- Acute bronchitis and tracheitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- It is most often but not exclusively caused by one or a mixture of Mycoplasma species, Infectious Bronchitis or Avian Rhino Tracheitis. (poultrykeeper.com)
- A decoction has been used in the treatment of whooping cough, bronchitis, tracheitis etc[9]. (pfaf.org)
- Nickel slag treatment produced bronchitis and tracheitis and alveolar foci consisting of variable aggregates of pigmented macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Airway3
- Suspicion for tracheitis should be high in cases of onset of airway obstruction that do not respond to racemic epinephrine. (wikipedia.org)
- Except in patients with a tracheostomy or an endotracheal tube, bacterial tracheitis is an uncommon infectious cause of acute upper airway obstruction. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial tracheitis may be more common in the pediatric patient because of the size and shape of the subglottic airway. (medscape.com)
Secretions1
- Obtain bacterial culture and Gram staining of tracheal secretions and blood cultures in patients with suspected bacterial tracheitis. (medscape.com)
Strains1
- this could result in a greater frequency of MRSA strains that cause tracheitis. (medscape.com)
Bronchopneumonia1
- Histopathological examination revealed tracheitis, fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia and enteritis. (bvsalud.org)
Severe1
- Salamone FN, Bobbitt DB, Myer CM, Rutter MJ, Greinwald JH Jr. Bacterial tracheitis reexamined: is there a less severe manifestation? (medscape.com)
Pediatrics1
- Bacterial tracheitis in pediatrics: 12 year experience at a medical center in Taiwan. (medscape.com)
Complications1
- A study that described the frequency and severity of complications in hospitalized children younger than 18 years with seasonal influenza (during 2003-2009) and 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) (during 2009-2010) reported that out of 7293 children hospitalized with influenza, less than 2% had complications from tracheitis. (medscape.com)
Influenza2
- Bacterial tracheitis is a rare complication of influenza infection. (wikipedia.org)
- H1N1 influenza A presenting as bacterial tracheitis. (medscape.com)
Intubation1
- Reports suggest it is a leading cause of bacterial tracheitis and associated with increased intubation. (medscape.com)
Occur1
- If it is inflamed, a condition known as tracheitis can occur. (wikipedia.org)
Uncommon1
- Bacterial tracheitis is uncommon and can affect children of any age. (msdmanuals.com)
Lung1
- This is the first published case of HSV tracheitis in a non immunosuppressed individual with chronic lung disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Medical1
- Tracheitis is an emergency medical condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Pneumonia3
- These rats showed slight increases in lung tumors and other respiratory problems including pneumonia and tracheitis. (soapqueen.com)
- According to the coroner's office on Feb. 24, Brister's cause of death was determined to be acute bacterial pneumonia and tracheitis (staphylococcus aureus) - other significant conditions asthma with mucus plugging. (fox5vegas.com)
- On Feb. 24, the Clark County Coroner's office said Jordan Brister died from acute bacterial pneumonia and tracheitis (staphylococcus aureus), which is an infection of the lungs with certain bacteria. (wcax.com)
Treatment of bacterial tracheitis1
- Eckel HE, Widemann B, Damm M, Roth B. Airway endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial tracheitis in children. (medscape.com)
Bronchitis6
- Acute bronchitis and tracheitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Rats inhaling 2,3- pentanedione developed necrotizing rhinitis, tracheitis, and bronchitis comparable to diacetyl -induced injury. (cdc.gov)
- It also has an expectorant and anti-spasmodic action and maybe used in bronchitis , in tracheitis where there is persistentirritable coughing , and in whooping cough . (healthy.net)
- Tracheitis and bronchitis with catarrh are caused by bacteria and viruses, smoke, pollution, humidity and sudden changes in temperature. (termesalvarola.it)
- Tracheitis is often caused by an ENT infection of viral origin such as bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis or nasopharyngitis (cold). (4healthfamily.com)
- The peculiarities of our waters make inhalation treatments particularly recommended in cases of: pharyngolaryngitis, tracheitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic sinusitis, chronic ear infections. (termesangiovanni.it)
Complication1
- Bacterial tracheitis is a rare complication of influenza infection. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotics1
- Veterinarians administered additional antibiotics and nebulization to treat the tracheitis. (si.edu)
Airway obstruction2
- Suspicion for tracheitis should be high in cases of onset of airway obstruction that do not respond to racemic epinephrine. (wikipedia.org)
- Necrotizing tracheitis secondary to corynebacterium species presenting with central airway obstruction. (nih.gov)
Lungs1
- Radiographs indicated that his tracheitis had worsened and likely progressed to the lungs. (si.edu)
Cases1
- Donnelly BW, McMillan JA, Weiner LB. Bacterial tracheitis: report of eight new cases and review. (medscape.com)
Children2
- Brook I. Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of bacterial tracheitis in children. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial tracheitis is uncommon and can affect children of any age. (msdmanuals.com)
Report1
- This report of necrotizing tracheitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum illustrates the widening spectrum of infections caused by these organisms. (nih.gov)
Case1
- Casazza G, Graham ME, Nelson D, Chaulk D, Sandweiss D, Meier J. Pediatric Bacterial Tracheitis-A Variable Entity: Case Series with Literature Review. (medscape.com)