Trigeminal Nerve Diseases
Trigeminal Nerve
Optic Nerve Diseases
Trigeminal Nerve Injuries
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Olfactory Nerve Diseases
Vagus Nerve Diseases
Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Diseases
Onchocerciasis, Ocular
Cranial Nerve Diseases
Accessory Nerve Diseases
Facial Nerve Diseases
Ophthalmic Nerve
Abducens Nerve Diseases
Maxillary Nerve
Trochlear Nerve Diseases
Trigeminal Nuclei
Oculomotor Nerve Diseases
Optic Neuritis
Peripheral Nerves
Nerve Compression Syndromes
Sciatic Nerve
Facial Pain
Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal
Facial Nerve
Trigeminal Ganglion
Nevus of Ota
Nerve Fibers
Mandibular Nerve
Neurilemmoma
Cranial Nerves
Optic Nerve
Lingual Nerve Injuries
Masticatory Muscles
Lingual Nerve
Neuritis
Pure extradural approach for skull base lesions. (1/81)
Lesions in the parasellar and paracavernous regions can be removed by various skull base approaches involving basal osteotomies. A major complication of intradural skull base approaches is CSF leak and associated meningitis. We have managed 5 patients with skull base lesions with a pure extradural approach using wide basal osteotomies. The operative techniques are described. (+info)Cavernous sinus syndrome associated with nonsecretory myeloma. (2/81)
The case of a 53-year-old man who developed cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS) four years after being diagnosed as having nonsecretory myeloma is described. He was admitted with diplopia and dull pain over the right infraorbital and zygomatic region in June 1997. The cause of CSS was the intracranial involvement of myeloma, which was diagnosed by fiberscopic biopsy. The results of endocrinologic evaluation were almost normal. The response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy was mild. CSS caused by nonsecretory myeloma is rare and its prognosis is poor. More aggressive chemotherapy with stem cell support may be indicated. (+info)Thermally induced transient trigeminal sensory neuropathy: imaging findings. (3/81)
We report the clinical and imaging features of a patient with transient partial trigeminal sensory neuropathy thought to have been induced by thermal injury to the tongue. Abnormal thickening and enhancement of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve was revealed by MR imaging. The diagnostic considerations for mass-like enlargement of the trigeminal nerve should include transient/inflammatory processes, as well as more common and sinister conditions, such as tumor. (+info)Trigeminal schwannoma associated with pathological laughter and crying. (4/81)
A 46 year old man with trigeminal schwannoma displayed symptoms of ataxia with pathological laughter and crying. The tumour developed in the cerebellopontine angle, compressing the pontomesencephalic structures backward, extending in the posterior parasellar region and Meckel's cave. No recurrence of laughter and crying attacks were noted after total removal of the tumour. Theories of mechanism of pathological laughter and crying reported in the literature are reviewed. (+info)Solitary metastasis from occult follicular carcinoma of the thyroid mimicking trigeminal neurinoma--case report. (5/81)
A 50-year-old woman presented with an extremely uncommon case of solitary metastasis from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, which presented clinically as trigeminal neurinoma. Neuroimaging detected a tumor in the right petrous apex, which was removed surgically. Histological examination showed metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. However, no primary tumor was detected by various investigations. The tumor recurred twice, and was treated surgically both times. The patient finally agreed to adjuvant therapy for the suspected primary. Radiotherapy was performed followed by complete thyroidectomy. Examination of the gross specimen found the tumor nodule. Clinically significant metastasis can arise from histologically benign and silent follicular thyroid neoplasms. (+info)Surgical treatment of trigeminal neurinomas. (6/81)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the best surgical approach for the removal of trigeminal neurinomas (TNs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 75' patients with TNs in Huashan Hospital was carried out. RESULTS: In the early group (1978-1984), a series of conventional intradural approaches were used; in the late group (1985-1995), an epidural approach via the skull-base craniotomy was used. Total tumor removal was achieved in 58% (20/35) of patients in the early group and 80% (32/40) in the late group (P < 0.025). Temporary and permanent cranial nerve morbidity were 62.7% and 37% in the early group and 28.1% and 10% in the late group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The best microsurgical approach for the removal of trigeminal neurinomas except those confined to the posterior fossa is epidural approach or epidurotransduro-transtentorial approach via the skull-base craniotomy. (+info)Magnetic resonance angiography in facial and other pain: neurovascular mechanisms of trigeminal sensation. (7/81)
For much of the twentieth century migraine and cluster headache have been considered as vascular headaches whose pathophysiology was determined by changes in cranial vascular diameter. To examine nociceptive neural influences on the cranial circulation, the authors studied healthy volunteers' responses to injection of the pain-producing compound capsaicin in terms of the caliber of the internal carotid artery. The study was conducted using magnetic resonance angiographic techniques. Injection of capsaicin into the skin innervated by the ophthalmic (first) division of the trigeminal nerve elicited 40% +/- 27% (mean +/- SD) increase in vascular cross-sectional area in the right (ipsilateral) internal carotid artery when compared with the mean baseline ( P < 0.001). Injection of capsaicin into the skin of the chin to stimulate the mandibular (third) division of the trigeminal nerve and into the leg led to a similar pain perception and failed to produce any significant change in vessel caliber. The data suggest that there is a highly functionally organized, somatotopically congruent trigeminal innervation of the cranial vessels, with a potent vasodilator effect of the ophthalmic division on the large intracranial vessels. The data are consistent with the notion that pain drives changes in vessel caliber in migraine and cluster headache, not vice versa. These conditions therefore should be regarded as primary neurovascular headaches not as vascular headaches. (+info)Basilar artery aneurysm with autonomic features: an interesting pathophysiological problem. (8/81)
Unruptured cerebral aneurysms often present with neuro-ophthalmological symptoms but ocular autonomic involvement from an aneurysm of the posterior circulation has not previously been reported. A patient is described with a basilar artery aneurysm presenting with headache and unilateral autonomic symptoms. After angiographic coiling of the aneurysm there was a near complete resolution of these features. The relevant anatomy and proposed mechanism of autonomic involvement of what may be considered--from a pathophysiological perspective as a secondary trigeminal-autonomic cephalgia--is discussed (+info)Trigeminal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the trigeminal nerve, which is one of the cranial nerves responsible for sensations in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. The trigeminal nerve has three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which innervate different parts of the face and head.
Trigeminal nerve diseases can cause various symptoms, including facial pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. Some common trigeminal nerve diseases include:
1. Trigeminal neuralgia: A chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, causing intense, stabbing, or electric shock-like pain in the face.
2. Hemifacial spasm: A neuromuscular disorder that causes involuntary muscle spasms on one side of the face, often affecting the muscles around the eye and mouth.
3. Trigeminal neuropathy: Damage or injury to the trigeminal nerve, which can result in numbness, tingling, or weakness in the face.
4. Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome): A viral infection that affects the facial nerve and geniculate ganglion of the trigeminal nerve, causing facial paralysis, ear pain, and a rash around the ear.
5. Microvascular compression: Compression of the trigeminal nerve by a blood vessel, which can cause symptoms similar to trigeminal neuralgia.
Treatment for trigeminal nerve diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.
The trigeminal nerve, also known as the fifth cranial nerve or CNV, is a paired nerve that carries both sensory and motor information. It has three major branches: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3). The ophthalmic branch provides sensation to the forehead, eyes, and upper portion of the nose; the maxillary branch supplies sensation to the lower eyelid, cheek, nasal cavity, and upper lip; and the mandibular branch is responsible for sensation in the lower lip, chin, and parts of the oral cavity, as well as motor function to the muscles involved in chewing. The trigeminal nerve plays a crucial role in sensations of touch, pain, temperature, and pressure in the face and mouth, and it also contributes to biting, chewing, and swallowing functions.
Optic nerve diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as vision loss, decreased visual acuity, changes in color vision, and visual field defects. Examples of optic nerve diseases include optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve), glaucoma (damage to the optic nerve due to high eye pressure), optic nerve damage from trauma or injury, ischemic optic neuropathy (lack of blood flow to the optic nerve), and optic nerve tumors. Treatment for optic nerve diseases varies depending on the specific condition and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Trigeminal nerve injuries refer to damages or traumas affecting the trigeminal nerve, also known as the fifth cranial nerve. This nerve is responsible for sensations in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. Trigeminal nerve injuries can result in various symptoms depending on the severity and location of the injury, including:
1. Loss or reduction of sensation in the face, lips, gums, teeth, or tongue.
2. Pain, often described as burning, aching, or stabbing, in the affected areas.
3. Numbness or tingling sensations.
4. Difficulty with biting, chewing, or performing other motor functions.
5. Impaired taste sensation.
6. Headaches or migraines.
7. Eye dryness or excessive tearing.
Trigeminal nerve injuries can occur due to various reasons, such as trauma during facial surgeries, accidents, tumors, infections, or neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis. Treatment options depend on the cause and severity of the injury and may include medication, physical therapy, surgical intervention, or pain management strategies.
Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which is one of the largest nerves in the head. It carries sensations from the face to the brain.
Medically, trigeminal neuralgia is defined as a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense, stabbing, electric shock-like pain in the areas of the face supplied by the trigeminal nerve (the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions). The pain can be triggered by simple activities such as talking, eating, brushing teeth, or even touching the face lightly.
The condition is more common in women over 50, but it can occur at any age and in either gender. While the exact cause of trigeminal neuralgia is not always known, it can sometimes be related to pressure on the trigeminal nerve from a nearby blood vessel or other causes such as multiple sclerosis. Treatment typically involves medications, surgery, or a combination of both.
Olfactory nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the olfactory nerve, which is the first cranial nerve responsible for the sense of smell. These diseases can result in impaired or loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), as well as distorted perception of smells (parosmia). The causes of olfactory nerve diseases can include trauma, infection, inflammation, neurological disorders, and exposure to certain chemicals. Some examples of specific olfactory nerve diseases include sinusitis, upper respiratory infections, head injuries, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Treatment for these conditions depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Vagus nerve diseases, also known as vagus nerve disorders, refer to conditions that affect the functioning of the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve and extends from the brainstem to the abdomen, playing a crucial role in regulating various automatic functions of the body such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and sweating.
Diseases of the vagus nerve can result from various causes, including inflammation, infection, trauma, compression, or degeneration. Some common vagus nerve disorders include:
1. Vagus nerve dysfunction: This is a general term used to describe any abnormality in the functioning of the vagus nerve. Symptoms may vary depending on the specific functions affected but can include difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, voice changes, and abnormal heart rate or blood pressure.
2. Vagus nerve neuropathy: This is a condition that results from damage to the vagus nerve fibers. It can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, voice changes, and abnormal digestive function.
3. Gastroparesis: This is a condition in which the stomach muscles fail to contract properly, leading to delayed gastric emptying. Vagus nerve dysfunction is a common cause of gastroparesis.
4. Orthostatic hypotension: This is a condition characterized by a drop in blood pressure when standing up from a sitting or lying down position. Vagus nerve dysfunction can contribute to this condition by causing an abnormal response in the heart rate and blood vessels.
5. Inflammatory disorders: Certain inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and sarcoidosis can affect the vagus nerve and cause various symptoms.
Treatment for vagus nerve diseases depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the 12th cranial nerve (CN XII), is primarily responsible for controlling tongue movements. Hypoglossal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and result in various tongue-related symptoms. These disorders can be congenital or acquired, and they may stem from different causes such as trauma, tumors, infections, inflammation, or degenerative processes.
Hypoglossal nerve diseases can present with the following symptoms:
1. Weakness or paralysis of the tongue muscles on one or both sides.
2. Deviation of the tongue towards the affected side when protruded.
3. Fasciculations (involuntary muscle twitches) or atrophy (wasting) of the tongue muscles.
4. Difficulty with speaking, swallowing, and chewing due to tongue weakness.
5. Changes in taste and sensation on the back of the tongue and throat.
Some specific hypoglossal nerve diseases include:
1. Hypoglossal nerve palsy: A condition characterized by unilateral or bilateral weakness or paralysis of the tongue due to damage to the hypoglossal nerve. Causes can include trauma, tumors, stroke, multiple sclerosis, or other neurological disorders.
2. Hypoglossal neuritis: Inflammation of the hypoglossal nerve, often caused by viral infections or autoimmune processes, leading to tongue weakness and atrophy.
3. Congenital hypoglossal nerve anomalies: Abnormal development of the hypoglossal nerve during fetal growth can result in various tongue-related symptoms and difficulties with speech and swallowing.
4. Tumors affecting the hypoglossal nerve: Both benign and malignant tumors, such as schwannomas or neurofibromas, can compress or infiltrate the hypoglossal nerve, causing weakness or paralysis.
5. Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis: A surgical procedure that connects the hypoglossal nerve to the facial nerve to restore facial movement in cases of facial nerve palsy. This connection can lead to tongue weakness as a side effect.
Cranial nerve neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop within or near the cranial nerves. These nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory and motor information between the brain and various parts of the head, neck, and trunk. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, each with a specific function and location in the skull.
Cranial nerve neoplasms can be benign or malignant and may arise from the nerve itself (schwannoma, neurofibroma) or from surrounding tissues that invade the nerve (meningioma, epidermoid cyst). The growth of these tumors can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and rate of growth. Common symptoms include:
* Facial weakness or numbness
* Double vision or other visual disturbances
* Hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
* Difficulty swallowing or speaking
* Loss of smell or taste
* Uncontrollable eye movements or drooping eyelids
Treatment for cranial nerve neoplasms depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and extent of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or complications.
The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the 8th cranial nerve, is responsible for transmitting sound and balance information from the inner ear to the brain. Vestibulocochlear nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and can result in hearing loss, vertigo, and balance problems.
These diseases can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infection, trauma, tumors, or degeneration. Some examples of vestibulocochlear nerve diseases include:
1. Vestibular neuritis: an inner ear infection that causes severe vertigo, nausea, and balance problems.
2. Labyrinthitis: an inner ear infection that affects both the vestibular and cochlear nerves, causing vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
3. Acoustic neuroma: a benign tumor that grows on the vestibulocochlear nerve, causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance problems.
4. Meniere's disease: a inner ear disorder that causes vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear.
5. Ototoxicity: damage to the inner ear caused by certain medications or chemicals that can result in hearing loss and balance problems.
6. Vestibular migraine: a type of migraine that is associated with vertigo, dizziness, and balance problems.
Treatment for vestibulocochlear nerve diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. It may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
The glossopharyngeal nerve, also known as the ninth cranial nerve (CN IX), is primarily responsible for providing motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus muscle and sensory innervation to parts of the pharynx, middle ear, and posterior tongue. It also plays a role in the reflexive control of heart rate via the baroreceptors located in the carotid sinus.
Glossopharyngeal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the function of this nerve, leading to various symptoms. These diseases can be classified into two main categories: peripheral and central. Peripheral disorders are caused by damage or injury to the nerve itself, while central disorders result from problems in the brainstem where the glossopharyngeal nerve originates.
Some examples of glossopharyngeal nerve diseases include:
1. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia: A rare condition characterized by severe, stabbing pain in the throat, ear, or tongue, often triggered by swallowing or talking. This disorder may be caused by compression of the nerve by blood vessels or other structures.
2. Infections: Bacterial and viral infections can cause inflammation and damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve, leading to dysfunction. Examples include Lyme disease, herpes zoster (shingles), and meningitis.
3. Tumors: Benign or malignant growths in the head and neck region can compress and injure the glossopharyngeal nerve, resulting in symptoms related to its dysfunction.
4. Trauma: Direct trauma to the neck or skull base can damage the glossopharyngeal nerve, causing various deficits depending on the severity of the injury.
5. Neurological disorders: Conditions such as multiple sclerosis and stroke can affect the central connections of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the brainstem, leading to dysfunction.
6. Genetic conditions: Rare genetic disorders like Moersch-Woltman syndrome (also known as stiff person syndrome) can involve the glossopharyngeal nerve and cause symptoms related to its dysfunction.
Symptoms of glossopharyngeal nerve dysfunction may include difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, loss of taste on the back of the tongue, decreased sensation in the throat or ear, and pain in the neck, throat, or ear. Treatment for these conditions depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, surgery, or other interventions to address the specific problem.
Onchocerciasis, Ocular is a medical condition that specifically refers to the eye manifestations caused by the parasitic infection, Onchocerca volvulus. Also known as "river blindness," this disease is spread through the bite of infected blackflies.
Ocular onchocerciasis affects various parts of the eye, including the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, and retina. The infection can cause symptoms such as itching, burning, and redness of the eyes. Over time, it may lead to more serious complications like punctate keratitis (small, scattered opacities on the cornea), cataracts, glaucoma, and ultimately, blindness.
The infection is diagnosed through a skin snip or blood test, which can detect the presence of microfilariae (the larval stage of the parasite) or antibodies against the parasite. Treatment typically involves administering oral medications such as ivermectin, which kills the microfilariae and reduces the risk of eye damage. However, it does not kill the adult worms, so multiple doses are often required to control the infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove advanced ocular lesions.
Cranial nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the cranial nerves, which are a set of 12 pairs of nerves that originate from the brainstem and control various functions in the head and neck. These functions include vision, hearing, taste, smell, movement of the eyes and face, and sensation in the face.
Diseases of the cranial nerves can result from a variety of causes, including injury, infection, inflammation, tumors, or degenerative conditions. The specific symptoms that a person experiences will depend on which cranial nerve is affected and how severely it is damaged.
For example, damage to the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) can cause vision loss or visual disturbances, while damage to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) can result in weakness or paralysis of the face. Other common symptoms of cranial nerve diseases include pain, numbness, tingling, and hearing loss.
Treatment for cranial nerve diseases varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, medication or surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying cause and relieve symptoms. Physical therapy or rehabilitation may also be recommended to help individuals regain function and improve their quality of life.
The accessory nerve, also known as the 11th cranial nerve (CN XI), has both a cranial and spinal root and innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle. Accessory nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the function of this nerve, leading to weakness or paralysis of the affected muscles.
Some examples of accessory nerve diseases include:
1. Traumatic injury: Direct trauma to the neck or posterior scalene region can damage the spinal root of the accessory nerve. This can result in weakness or paralysis of the trapezius muscle, leading to difficulty with shoulder movement and pain.
2. Neuralgia: Accessory nerve neuralgia is a condition characterized by painful spasms or shooting pains along the course of the accessory nerve. It can be caused by nerve compression, inflammation, or injury.
3. Tumors: Tumors in the neck region, such as schwannomas or neurofibromas, can compress or invade the accessory nerve, leading to weakness or paralysis of the affected muscles.
4. Infections: Viral infections, such as poliovirus or West Nile virus, can cause inflammation and damage to the accessory nerve, resulting in weakness or paralysis.
5. Neuropathy: Accessory nerve neuropathy is a condition characterized by degeneration of the accessory nerve fibers due to various causes such as diabetes, autoimmune disorders, or exposure to toxins. This can result in weakness or paralysis of the affected muscles.
6. Congenital defects: Some individuals may be born with congenital defects that affect the development and function of the accessory nerve, leading to weakness or paralysis of the affected muscles.
Treatment for accessory nerve diseases depends on the underlying cause and can include physical therapy, medications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
Facial nerve diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the function of the facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve. This nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression, and it also carries sensory information from the taste buds in the front two-thirds of the tongue, and regulates saliva flow and tear production.
Facial nerve diseases can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the specific location and extent of the nerve damage. Common symptoms include:
* Facial weakness or paralysis on one or both sides of the face
* Drooping of the eyelid and corner of the mouth
* Difficulty closing the eye or keeping it closed
* Changes in taste sensation or dryness of the mouth and eyes
* Abnormal sensitivity to sound (hyperacusis)
* Twitching or spasms of the facial muscles
Facial nerve diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
* Infections such as Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, and Lyme disease
* Trauma or injury to the face or skull
* Tumors that compress or invade the facial nerve
* Neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis or Guillain-Barre syndrome
* Genetic disorders such as Moebius syndrome or hemifacial microsomia
Treatment for facial nerve diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. In some cases, medication, physical therapy, or surgery may be necessary to restore function and relieve symptoms.
The ophthalmic nerve, also known as the first cranial nerve or CN I, is a sensory nerve that primarily transmits information about vision, including light intensity and color, and sensation in the eye and surrounding areas. It is responsible for the sensory innervation of the upper eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, and nasal cavity. The ophthalmic nerve has three major branches: the lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, and nasociliary nerve. Damage to this nerve can result in various visual disturbances and loss of sensation in the affected areas.
The abducens nerve, also known as the sixth cranial nerve, is responsible for controlling the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which enables the eye to move outward. Abducens nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and can result in various symptoms, primarily affecting eye movement.
Here are some medical definitions related to abducens nerve diseases:
1. Abducens Nerve Palsy: A condition characterized by weakness or paralysis of the abducens nerve, causing difficulty in moving the affected eye outward. This results in double vision (diplopia), especially when gazing towards the side of the weakened nerve. Abducens nerve palsy can be congenital, acquired, or caused by various factors such as trauma, tumors, aneurysms, infections, or diseases like diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
2. Sixth Nerve Palsy: Another term for abducens nerve palsy, referring to the weakness or paralysis of the sixth cranial nerve.
3. Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO): A neurological condition affecting eye movement, often caused by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the abducens nucleus with the oculomotor nucleus. INO results in impaired adduction (inward movement) of the eye on the side of the lesion and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) of the abducting eye on the opposite side when attempting to look towards the side of the lesion.
4. One-and-a-Half Syndrome: A rare neurological condition characterized by a combination of INO and internuclear ophthalmoplegia with horizontal gaze palsy on the same side, caused by damage to both the abducens nerve and the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). This results in limited or no ability to move the eyes towards the side of the lesion and impaired adduction of the eye on the opposite side.
5. Brainstem Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brainstem, which can affect the abducens nerve and other cranial nerves, leading to various neurological symptoms such as diplopia (double vision), ataxia (loss of balance and coordination), and facial weakness. Brainstem encephalitis can be caused by infectious agents, autoimmune disorders, or paraneoplastic syndromes.
6. Multiple Sclerosis (MS): An autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system, including the brainstem and optic nerves. MS can cause various neurological symptoms, such as diplopia, nystagmus, and INO, due to damage to the abducens nerve and other cranial nerves.
7. Wernicke's Encephalopathy: A neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, often seen in alcoholics or individuals with malnutrition. Wernicke's encephalopathy can affect the brainstem and cause various symptoms such as diplopia, ataxia, confusion, and oculomotor abnormalities.
8. Pontine Glioma: A rare type of brain tumor that arises from the glial cells in the pons (a part of the brainstem). Pontine gliomas can cause various neurological symptoms such as diplopia, facial weakness, and difficulty swallowing due to their location in the brainstem.
9. Brainstem Cavernous Malformation: A benign vascular lesion that arises from the small blood vessels in the brainstem. Brainstem cavernous malformations can cause various neurological symptoms such as diplopia, ataxia, and facial weakness due to their location in the brainstem.
10. Pituitary Adenoma: A benign tumor that arises from the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain. Large pituitary adenomas can compress the optic nerves and cause various visual symptoms such as diplopia, visual field defects, and decreased vision.
11. Craniopharyngioma: A benign tumor that arises from the remnants of the Rathke's pouch, a structure that gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland. Craniopharyngiomas can cause various neurological and endocrine symptoms such as diplopia, visual field defects, headaches, and hormonal imbalances due to their location near the optic nerves and pituitary gland.
12. Meningioma: A benign tumor that arises from the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas can cause various neurological symptoms such as diplopia, headaches, and seizures depending on their location in the brain or spinal cord.
13. Chordoma: A rare type of malignant tumor that arises from the remnants of the notochord, a structure that gives rise to the spine during embryonic development. Chordomas can cause various neurological and endocrine symptoms such as diplopia, visual field defects, headaches, and hormonal imbalances due to their location near the brainstem and spinal cord.
14. Metastatic Brain Tumors: Malignant tumors that spread from other parts of the body to the brain. Metastatic brain tumors can cause various neurological symptoms such as diplopia, headaches, seizures, and cognitive impairment depending on their location in the brain.
15. Other Rare Brain Tumors: There are many other rare types of brain tumors that can cause diplopia or other neurological symptoms, including gliomas, ependymomas, pineal region tumors, and others. These tumors require specialized diagnosis and treatment by neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons with expertise in these rare conditions.
In summary, diplopia can be caused by various brain tumors, including pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, chordomas, metastatic brain tumors, and other rare types of tumors. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you experience diplopia or other neurological symptoms, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life.
The maxillary nerve, also known as the second division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V2), is a primary sensory nerve that provides innervation to the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, part of the cheek, upper lip, and roof of the mouth. It also supplies sensory fibers to the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate, and upper teeth. Furthermore, it contributes motor innervation to the muscles involved in chewing (muscles of mastication), specifically the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani. The maxillary nerve originates from the trigeminal ganglion and passes through the foramen rotundum in the skull before reaching its target areas.
The trochlear nerve, also known as the fourth cranial nerve (CN IV), is responsible for controlling the movement of the eye. It innervates the superior oblique muscle, which helps in depressing and rotating the eye downwards and outwards. Trochlear nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and impair its function, leading to symptoms such as double vision (diplopia), vertical misalignment of the eyes, and difficulty with depth perception.
Trochlear nerve diseases can be caused by various factors, including trauma, compression, inflammation, infection, or tumors. Some common conditions that affect the trochlear nerve include:
1. Trochlear nerve palsy: This is a weakness or paralysis of the trochlear nerve, which can cause vertical and torsional diplopia, especially when looking downwards or to the side. It can be congenital or acquired due to trauma, compression, or other causes.
2. Aneurysm: Aneurysms in the vicinity of the trochlear nerve can compress or damage it, leading to palsy and diplopia.
3. Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges (the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) due to infection or other causes can affect the trochlear nerve and cause palsy.
4. Multiple sclerosis (MS): This is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the cranial nerves. MS can cause demyelination of the trochlear nerve, leading to palsy and diplopia.
5. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic neuropathy, which can affect any peripheral nerve, including the trochlear nerve.
6. Tumors: Space-occupying lesions in the brain or skull base, such as meningiomas, schwannomas, or pituitary adenomas, can compress the trochlear nerve and cause palsy.
The diagnosis of trochlear nerve diseases involves a thorough neurological examination, including assessment of eye movements and alignment. Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans may be ordered to identify any structural lesions causing compression or damage to the nerve. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve surgical intervention, medication, or observation.
The trigeminal nuclei are a collection of sensory nerve cell bodies (nuclei) located in the brainstem that receive and process sensory information from the face and head, including pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception. There are four main trigeminal nuclei: the ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular, and mesencephalic nuclei. Each nucleus is responsible for processing sensory information from specific areas of the face and head. The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) carries these sensory signals to the brainstem, where they synapse with neurons in the trigeminal nuclei before being relayed to higher brain centers for further processing.
The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve (CN III), is responsible for controlling several important eye movements and functions. Oculomotor nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and can lead to various symptoms related to eye movement and function. Here's a medical definition of oculomotor nerve diseases:
Oculomotor nerve diseases are a group of medical disorders characterized by the dysfunction or damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III), resulting in impaired eye movements, abnormalities in pupillary response, and potential effects on eyelid position. These conditions can be congenital, acquired, or traumatic in nature and may lead to partial or complete paralysis of the nerve. Common oculomotor nerve diseases include oculomotor nerve palsy, third nerve ganglionopathies, and compressive oculomotor neuropathies caused by various pathologies such as aneurysms, tumors, or infections.
Optic neuritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. This condition can result in various symptoms such as vision loss, pain with eye movement, color vision disturbances, and pupillary abnormalities. Optic neuritis may occur in isolation or be associated with other underlying medical conditions, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and autoimmune disorders. The diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity testing, dilated funduscopic examination, and possibly imaging studies like MRI to evaluate the optic nerve and brain. Treatment options may include corticosteroids or other immunomodulatory therapies to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the optic nerve.
Peripheral nerves are nerve fibers that transmit signals between the central nervous system (CNS, consisting of the brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. These nerves convey motor, sensory, and autonomic information, enabling us to move, feel, and respond to changes in our environment. They form a complex network that extends from the CNS to muscles, glands, skin, and internal organs, allowing for coordinated responses and functions throughout the body. Damage or injury to peripheral nerves can result in various neurological symptoms, such as numbness, weakness, or pain, depending on the type and severity of the damage.
Nerve compression syndromes refer to a group of conditions characterized by the pressure or irritation of a peripheral nerve, causing various symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected area. This compression can occur due to several reasons, including injury, repetitive motion, bone spurs, tumors, or swelling. Common examples of nerve compression syndromes include carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, radial nerve compression, and ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist or elbow. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, medications, injections, or surgery, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.
The sciatic nerve is the largest and longest nerve in the human body, running from the lower back through the buttocks and down the legs to the feet. It is formed by the union of the ventral rami (branches) of the L4 to S3 spinal nerves. The sciatic nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to various muscles and skin areas in the lower limbs, including the hamstrings, calf muscles, and the sole of the foot. Sciatic nerve disorders or injuries can result in symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the lower back, hips, legs, and feet, known as sciatica.
Facial pain is a condition characterized by discomfort or pain felt in any part of the face. It can result from various causes, including nerve damage or irritation, injuries, infections, dental problems, migraines, or sinus congestion. The pain can range from mild to severe and may be sharp, dull, constant, or intermittent. In some cases, facial pain can also be associated with other symptoms such as headaches, redness, swelling, or changes in sensation. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause are essential for effective management of facial pain.
The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a component of the trigeminal nerve sensory nuclear complex located in the brainstem. It is responsible for receiving and processing pain, temperature, and tactile discrimination sensations from the face and head, particularly from the areas of the face that are more sensitive to pain and temperature (the forehead, eyes, nose, and mouth). The spinal trigeminal nucleus is divided into three subnuclei: pars oralis, pars interpolaris, and pars caudalis. These subnuclei extend from the pons to the upper part of the medulla oblongata.
The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve (CN VII), is a mixed nerve that carries both sensory and motor fibers. Its functions include controlling the muscles involved in facial expressions, taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and secretomotor function to the lacrimal and salivary glands.
The facial nerve originates from the brainstem and exits the skull through the internal acoustic meatus. It then passes through the facial canal in the temporal bone before branching out to innervate various structures of the face. The main branches of the facial nerve include:
1. Temporal branch: Innervates the frontalis, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles responsible for eyebrow movements and eyelid closure.
2. Zygomatic branch: Supplies the muscles that elevate the upper lip and wrinkle the nose.
3. Buccal branch: Innervates the muscles of the cheek and lips, allowing for facial expressions such as smiling and puckering.
4. Mandibular branch: Controls the muscles responsible for lower lip movement and depressing the angle of the mouth.
5. Cervical branch: Innervates the platysma muscle in the neck, which helps to depress the lower jaw and wrinkle the skin of the neck.
Damage to the facial nerve can result in various symptoms, such as facial weakness or paralysis, loss of taste sensation, and dry eyes or mouth due to impaired secretion.
The trigeminal ganglion, also known as the semilunar or Gasserian ganglion, is a sensory ganglion (a cluster of nerve cell bodies) located near the base of the skull. It is a part of the trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve), which is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.
The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons that carry information from three major branches of the trigeminal nerve: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions. These divisions provide sensation to different areas of the face, head, and oral cavity, including the skin, mucous membranes, muscles, and teeth.
Damage to the trigeminal ganglion or its nerve branches can result in various sensory disturbances, such as pain, numbness, or tingling in the affected areas. Conditions like trigeminal neuralgia, a disorder characterized by intense, stabbing facial pain, may involve the trigeminal ganglion and its associated nerves.
A Nevus of Ota, also known as an oculodermal melanocytosis, is a benign birthmark characterized by the presence of darkly pigmented (melanin-containing) cells called melanocytes in the skin and mucous membranes around the eye. These pigmented cells can also extend to the sclera (the white part of the eye), dura mater (the outer covering of the brain), and leptomeninges (the middle layer of the meninges, which cover the brain and spinal cord).
The Nevus of Ota typically presents as a unilateral (occurring on one side) bluish-gray or brown patch that follows the distribution of the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. It usually affects the eye, forehead, temple, and cheek, but it can also involve other areas of the face, scalp, and neck.
While Nevi of Ota are generally harmless, they may be associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma (a type of skin cancer) in the affected area. Therefore, regular monitoring and evaluation by a healthcare professional is recommended.
Nerve fibers are specialized structures that constitute the long, slender processes (axons) of neurons (nerve cells). They are responsible for conducting electrical impulses, known as action potentials, away from the cell body and transmitting them to other neurons or effector organs such as muscles and glands. Nerve fibers are often surrounded by supportive cells called glial cells and are grouped together to form nerve bundles or nerves. These fibers can be myelinated (covered with a fatty insulating sheath called myelin) or unmyelinated, which influences the speed of impulse transmission.
The mandibular nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve), which is responsible for sensations in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. The mandibular nerve provides both sensory and motor innervation to the lower third of the face, below the eye and nose down to the chin.
More specifically, it carries sensory information from the lower teeth, lower lip, and parts of the oral cavity, as well as the skin over the jaw and chin. It also provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (chewing), which include the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles.
Damage to the mandibular nerve can result in numbness or loss of sensation in the lower face and mouth, as well as weakness or difficulty with chewing and biting.
A neurilemmoma, also known as schwannoma or peripheral nerve sheath tumor, is a benign, slow-growing tumor that arises from the Schwann cells, which produce the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates peripheral nerves. These tumors can occur anywhere along the course of a peripheral nerve, but they most commonly affect the acoustic nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve), leading to a type of tumor called vestibular schwannoma or acoustic neuroma. Neurilemmomas are typically encapsulated and do not invade the surrounding tissue, although larger ones may cause pressure-related symptoms due to compression of nearby structures. Rarely, these tumors can undergo malignant transformation, leading to a condition called malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor or neurofibrosarcoma.
Cranial nerves are a set of twelve pairs of nerves that originate from the brainstem and skull, rather than the spinal cord. These nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory information (such as sight, smell, hearing, and taste) to the brain, as well as controlling various muscles in the head and neck (including those involved in chewing, swallowing, and eye movement). Each cranial nerve has a specific function and is named accordingly. For example, the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain, while the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) controls parasympathetic functions in the body such as heart rate and digestion.
The optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. It is composed of approximately one million nerve fibers that carry signals related to vision, such as light intensity and color, from the eye's photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) to the visual cortex in the brain. The optic nerve is responsible for carrying this visual information so that it can be processed and interpreted by the brain, allowing us to see and perceive our surroundings. Damage to the optic nerve can result in vision loss or impairment.
A lingual nerve injury refers to damage or trauma to the lingual nerve, which is a branch of the mandibular nerve (itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve). The lingual nerve provides sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the floor of the mouth. It also contributes to taste perception on the front two-thirds of the tongue through its connection with the chorda tympani nerve.
Lingual nerve injuries can result from various causes, such as surgical procedures (e.g., dental extractions, implant placements, or third molar surgeries), pressure from tumors or cysts, or direct trauma to the mouth and tongue area. The injury may lead to symptoms like numbness, altered taste sensation, pain, or difficulty speaking and swallowing. Treatment for lingual nerve injuries typically involves a combination of symptom management and possible surgical intervention, depending on the severity and cause of the injury.
Masticatory muscles are a group of skeletal muscles responsible for the mastication (chewing) process in humans and other animals. They include:
1. Masseter muscle: This is the primary muscle for chewing and is located on the sides of the face, running from the lower jawbone (mandible) to the cheekbone (zygomatic arch). It helps close the mouth and elevate the mandible during chewing.
2. Temporalis muscle: This muscle is situated in the temporal region of the skull, covering the temple area. It assists in closing the jaw, retracting the mandible, and moving it sideways during chewing.
3. Medial pterygoid muscle: Located deep within the cheek, near the angle of the lower jaw, this muscle helps move the mandible forward and grind food during chewing. It also contributes to closing the mouth.
4. Lateral pterygoid muscle: Found inside the ramus (the vertical part) of the mandible, this muscle has two heads - superior and inferior. The superior head helps open the mouth by pulling the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) downwards, while the inferior head assists in moving the mandible sideways during chewing.
These muscles work together to enable efficient chewing and food breakdown, preparing it for swallowing and digestion.
The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). It provides general sensory innervation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, including taste sensation from the same region. It also supplies sensory innervation to the floor of the mouth and the lingual gingiva (gum tissue). The lingual nerve is closely associated with the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands and their ducts.
The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is a narrow space located at the junction of the brainstem and the cerebellum, where the pons and cerebellum meet. This region is filled with several important nerves, blood vessels, and membranous coverings called meninges. The CPA is a common site for various neurological disorders because it contains critical structures such as:
1. Cerebellum: A part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
2. Pons: A portion of the brainstem that plays a role in several vital functions, including facial movements, taste sensation, sleep regulation, and respiration.
3. Cranial nerves: The CPA is home to the following cranial nerves:
* Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII): This nerve has two components - cochlear and vestibular. The cochlear part is responsible for hearing, while the vestibular part contributes to balance and eye movement.
* Facial nerve (CN VII): This nerve controls facial expressions, taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, salivary gland function, and lacrimation (tear production).
4. Blood vessels: The CPA contains critical blood vessels like the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), which supplies blood to various parts of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cranial nerves.
5. Meninges: These are protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. In the CPA, the meninges include the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
Disorders that can affect the structures in the cerebellopontine angle include acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannomas), meningiomas, epidermoids, and arteriovenous malformations. These conditions may cause symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (dizziness), facial weakness or numbness, difficulty swallowing, and imbalance.
Neuritis is a general term that refers to inflammation of a nerve or nerves, often causing pain, loss of function, and/or sensory changes. It can affect any part of the nervous system, including the peripheral nerves (those outside the brain and spinal cord) or the cranial nerves (those that serve the head and neck). Neuritis may result from various causes, such as infections, autoimmune disorders, trauma, toxins, or metabolic conditions. The specific symptoms and treatment depend on the underlying cause and the affected nerve(s).
Zoster sine herpete (ZSH) is a rare and somewhat controversial clinical entity within the family of herpes zoster infections. It is characterized by the presence of dermatomal pain, or shingles, without the accompanying rash or vesicles typically associated with classic herpes zoster (shingles).
In ZSH, the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivates from its dormant state in the sensory ganglia and travels along the affected nerve to the skin, causing pain. However, it does not produce the characteristic rash due to an unknown reason, which differentiates it from classic herpes zoster.
Diagnosis of ZSH can be challenging since the absence of a rash makes it difficult to confirm VZV reactivation through direct observation or laboratory tests. Diagnosis often relies on clinical judgment and response to antiviral therapy, as well as supportive findings from imaging studies, like MRI or PET scans, which may reveal inflammation in the affected dermatome.
The condition can be particularly distressing for patients, as they experience painful shingles symptoms without the rash that would typically signal the need for medical intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral medications are crucial to help manage pain, reduce complications, and shorten the duration of the illness.
Nose picking
Fernando Asuero
Salman Khan
Trigeminal nerve
Trigeminal trophic syndrome
Glabellar reflex
Mixed connective tissue disease
Ventral posterior nucleus
Neurotrophic keratitis
Atypical trigeminal neuralgia
Cranial nerve disease
William Allen Sturge
Walter Dandy
Orofacial pain
List of ICD-9 codes 320-389: diseases of the nervous system and sense organs
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
Toothache
Endoscopic endonasal surgery
Headshaking
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1
Shortness of breath
Bacteroides
Neurogenic inflammation
Postencephalitic trophic ulcer
Adolphe-Marie Gubler
Konstantin Slavin
Neurological disorder
Fazio-Londe disease
Central chromatolysis
Parry-Romberg syndrome
Trigeminal Nerve Diseases | Profiles RNS
How to treat neuralgia of the facial nerve How to treat trigeminal neuralgia Treatment of diseases
Trigeminal Neuralgia in Emergency Medicine: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Recognition, classification and treatment of trigeminal neuropathy - Aalborg University's Research Portal
Nose picking - Wikipedia
Chacko A[au] - Search Results - PubMed
KCC3 axonopathy: neuropathological features in the central and peripheral nervous system | Modern Pathology
Figure 1 - Isolation of Prion with BSE Properties from Farmed Goat - Volume 17, Number 12-December 2011 - Emerging Infectious...
GENERAL GLOSSARY | cma
Stereotactic radiotherapy for trigeminal schwannomas.
Trigeminal Nerve Block: Background, Indications, Contraindications
June Y. Guillet, MD - El Paso, TX - Neurological Surgeon | Doctor.com
Surgical Neurology International
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
DeCS - New terms
Median Neuropathy; Median Nerve Diseases
Bio2Vec
Should i get my tongue pierced?
HealthCare For Medical Diseases, Drugs & Treatments -- eCureMe.com
Diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia3
- I've been diagnosed with Trigeminal Neuralgia since 2013. (awarecauses.com)
- About 150,000 people each year are diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. (clevelandclinic.org)
- If you were hurt in an accident and diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia, you may be able to recover for your injuries. (dmlawyer.com)
Herpes zoster3
- Magnetic resonance imaging of third cranial nerve palsy and trigeminal sensory loss caused by herpes zoster. (ouhsc.edu)
- Reactivation of herpes zoster involving the trigeminal nerve may mimic odontogenic pain during the prodromal stage of the disease. (drjack.world)
- Herpes Zoster Oticus Herpes zoster oticus is an uncommon manifestation of herpes zoster that affects the 8th cranial nerve ganglia and the geniculate ganglion of the 7th (facial) cranial nerve. (msdmanuals.com)
Multiple sclerosis6
- In symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia, the pain syndrome is secondary to tumor, multiple sclerosis, or other structural abnormalities. (medscape.com)
- Occasionally, tumor infiltration, vascular compression of the nerve, or diseases such as multiple sclerosis may be the causative factors. (medscape.com)
- Trigeminal neuralgia has been traced to multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks the myelin sheath, causing nerves to short-circuit. (timescolonist.com)
- TN symptoms can also occur in people with multiple sclerosis, a disease that causes deterioration of the trigeminal nerve's myelin sheath. (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
- The etiology of this pain includes vascular compression of the nerve as it exits the brain stem, mass effect from a tumor, trauma to the nerve, infection, amyloidosis, infarction in the brainstem and demyelination of the nerve root due to multiple sclerosis (MS). While familial cases have been described, the vast majority are idiopathic. (scirp.org)
- About 1 to 2% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) also have trigeminal neuralgia. (clevelandclinic.org)
Ganglion10
- The trigeminal nerve ganglion (also referred to as the gasserian ganglion) lies in the trigeminal cave (also known as the Meckel cave), which is a dural invagination in the petrous part of the temporal bone. (medscape.com)
- This ganglion is formed by 2 roots that exit the ventral surface of the brainstem at the midpontine level and travel forwards and laterally to enter the trigeminal cave. (medscape.com)
- The dural pouch (trigeminal cistern) contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and lies behind the ganglion. (medscape.com)
- Introduction: Traditionally radiofrequency ablation of the trigeminal ganglion is performed using fluoroscopy and under heavy sedation. (scirp.org)
- To place the probe tip in the 3rd division it was advanced through the foramen ovale into the trigeminal ganglion until its tip was 5 mm anterior to the clival plane. (scirp.org)
- Conclusion: Trigeminal ganglion ablation under general anesthesia is a good option for older patients and for those who cannot tolerate being awakened during the procedure. (scirp.org)
- The cell bodies of the sensory part of the nerve lie in the gasserian , or semilunar, ganglion . (mhmedical.com)
- The central axons of the ganglion cells form the sensory root of the nerve. (mhmedical.com)
- However it must be bourne in mind that the presence of corneal disease could cause trigeminal nerve stimulation, thus causing reactivation of latent virus from the trigeminal ganglion - thus the presence of FHV-1 virus in such corneas does not prove that they were the cause of the initial ulcer or the subsequent sequestrum. (felipedia.org)
- results from involvement of the gasserian ganglion, with pain and vesicular eruption around the eye and on the forehead, in the V1 distribution of the ophthalmic division of the 5th (trigeminal) cranial nerve. (msdmanuals.com)
Neuralgia is characterized2
- Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by facial pain often accompanied by a brief facial spasm or tic. (medscape.com)
- Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by spontaneous, paroxysmal lancinating pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. (medscape.com)
Unilateral5
- Pain distribution is unilateral and follows the sensory distribution of cranial nerve V, typically radiating to the maxillary (V2) or mandibular (V3) area, or rarely, the ophthalmic (V1) area. (medscape.com)
- Trigeminal neuropathy (TNO) manifests with unilateral or bilateral facio-oral sensory disturbances accompanied by pain and trigeminal nerve dysfunction. (aau.dk)
- Nerve-sheath tumor was diagnosed in 10 dogs with clinical signs of unilateral trigeminal nerve dysfunction. (avmi.net)
- Most individuals suffer from unilateral disease, but bilateral pain can also occur. (scirp.org)
- Typically, trigeminal neuralgia is unilateral (meaning it only affects one side of your face). (clevelandclinic.org)
Disorder6
- Here is a history of a teen girl who had tongue piercings: Her doctors diagnosed trigeminal neuralgia, a nerve disorder sometimes called 'suicide disease' because of the excruciating and dispiriting pain it causes. (answerbag.com)
- Lee Shanks has many ways to describe the pain in her face erupting from the rare disorder trigeminal neuralgia, sometimes described as "suicide disease. (timescolonist.com)
- Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN) is a nerve disorder originating with the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for sensations in the face, and muscular movements such as chewing and biting. (timescolonist.com)
- The slide below indicates that he had a Nerve Meridian Disorder, but also his left and right dental, allergy-immunology, Heart, Liver and Gallbladder meridians were out of balance. (thehealthyplanet.com)
- More than one nerve branch can be affected by the disorder. (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
- In reality, trigeminal neuralgia is a rare disorder that is recognized and treated by a neurologist. (dmlawyer.com)
Cause trigeminal2
- Irritation of your trigeminal nerve cause trigeminal neuralgia. (clevelandclinic.org)
- There are several conditions that may cause trigeminal neuralgia, but it's typically caused by a blood vessel exerting pressure on the nerve near your brain stem. (clevelandclinic.org)
Idiopathic trigeminal3
- No mortality is associated with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN), although secondary depression is common if a chronic pain syndrome evolves. (medscape.com)
- The possible role of dental and oral disease in the etiology of idiopathic trigeminal and atypical facial neuralgias has been caused by the existence of cavities in alveolar bone and jawbone of the patients. (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
- It was concluded that in both idiopathic trigeminal and atypical facial neuralgias, dental and oral pathoses may be major etiologic factors. (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
Branches12
- In our results, we could see that in the left upper limb, the majority of the median nerve's branches (29.7%) began in the distal half of the forearm's middle third part and the majority of median nerve points penetration (30.3 %) began in the proximal half of the forearm's proximal third part. (scielo.cl)
- In the right upper limb, the majority of the median nerve branches (25.7%) began in the arm's distal third part and the majority of median nerve penetration (30.5%) began in the distal half of the forearm's proximal third part. (scielo.cl)
- The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and supplies sensory innervations to the face via its branches (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- The dissection of the facial nerve in its trunk and its branches with electrostimulation is the surgical way to suspect it intraoperatively. (bvsalud.org)
- The chewing muscles have a special molecular structure because of the unique motor nerve branches that serve them. (vin.com)
- inflammation of the trigeminal nerve disease, accompanied by lesion of the branches of the trigeminal nerve almost always on the right side of the face. (doclandmed.com)
- The nerve has three branches that conduct sensations from the upper, middle, and lower portions of the face, as well as the oral cavity, to the brain. (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
- The fibers that mediate pain and temperature sensation do not end in these nuclei but form long descending branches of the spinal trigeminal tract. (mhmedical.com)
- The aim of this study is to report a case of a 21-year-old patient, diagnosed with zoster, with commitment of the trigeminal nerve comprehending the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches. (bvsalud.org)
- Painful ophthalmoplegia is a rare entity characterized by orbital pain associated with ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis, and sometimes with ocular sympathetic involvement and sensitive impairment in the areas supplied by the maxillary and ophthalmic branches of the trigeminal nerve. (isciii.es)
- There are some other procedures to kill the trigeminal nerve or it's branches (injection of a liquid that would kill the nerve like: Glycerol, Phenol, Alcohol, etc.) or use radiation or surgery to cut the nerve or decompress the pressure from the close by tumor or artery (Gamma Knife radiation therapy or Microscopic Neurovascular decompression surgery). (mypain.ca)
- This nerve has three branches that provide sensory information to different areas of your face. (clevelandclinic.org)
Mandibular nerve3
- The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. (ouhsc.edu)
- The mandibular nerve has sensory and motor functions. (medscape.com)
- These include the ophthalmic nerve, the maxillary nerve, and the mandibular nerve. (dmlawyer.com)
Disorders4
- The cold or viral infections can occur circulatory disorders of the nerve in this area. (kakprosto.ru)
- Certain diseases also lead to facial disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
- There remain to be described the disorders of the facial (VII) nerve and of the lower cranial nerves (IX to XII), as well as certain diseases that affect the trigeminal (V) nerve. (mhmedical.com)
- Seizures are most frequently observed, but focal neurologic deficits, movement disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, and mimics of hemiplegic migraines have been reported. (hindawi.com)
Tumor3
- Rarely, symptoms of TN may be caused by nerve compression from a tumor, or a tangle of arteries and veins called an arteriovenous malformation. (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
- It can happen without any reason known to us, or because of degeneration, viral infection or compression of Trigeminal nerve by a tumor or an artery. (mypain.ca)
- This condition can also be caused by a tumor or lesion that compresses your nerves, though this isn't nearly as common. (clevelandclinic.org)
Bilateral1
- Bilateral trigeminal neuralgia is also very rare. (clevelandclinic.org)
Neuropathy4
- Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC) is an autosomal recessive disease of the central and peripheral nervous system that presents as early-onset polyneuropathy. (nature.com)
- 4 Pathological findings from muscle and nerve biopsies, reported by Larbrisseau et al 5 , revealed evidence of chronic denervation with angular fibers and type grouping, suggesting an axonal neuropathy and a major primary defect at the level of peripheral nerve in HMSN/ACC. (nature.com)
- TN is broken up into seven subcategories, which includes post-traumatic trigeminal neuralgia or trigeminal neuropathy. (dmlawyer.com)
- Are You Suffering from Trigeminal Neuropathy as a Result of an Accident? (dmlawyer.com)
Affects5
- Trigeminal Neuralgia is a degenerative disease that affects the Trigeminal nerve. (awarecauses.com)
- This affects the nerve endings of the teeth, hence, the pain. (evdp.net)
- It is a disease that affects the facial nerves known as the trigeminal nerve. (evdp.net)
- Any disease that affects the trigeminal nerve will lead to marked atrophy of the muscles that masticate. (vin.com)
- Trigeminal neuralgia affects people over the age of 50 significantly more than it does people under the age of 40, where it's considered rare. (clevelandclinic.org)
Etiology2
- Classic trigeminal neuralgia includes all cases without established etiology after investigation, as well as those with potential microvascular compression of the fifth cranial nerve. (medscape.com)
- Scleroderma is a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterized by thickening and hardening of skin resulting from increased collagen production. (hindawi.com)
Patients17
- Previous neuropathological observations in HMSN/ACC patients have included the presence of small oval vacuoles in the brain white matter, signs of axonal swelling and depletion of large myelinated fibers in nerves. (nature.com)
- trigeminal nerve block is reserved for patients who do not respond to medical treatment or patients in whom neurologic decompression of the canal is not feasible or has failed. (medscape.com)
- Patients have typical symptoms of catarrhal diseases: a cough, runny nose, weakness. (ecureme.com)
- In the old days when there was no treatment at all, patients were faced with excruciating pain, unpredictable and often unrelenting," said Dr. Christopher Honey, a Vancouver neurosurgeon and expert in trigeminal neuralgia. (timescolonist.com)
- And about two per cent of MS patients end up with trigeminal neuralgia. (timescolonist.com)
- ALS, MS and Parkinson's disease are on the rise, and patients do not have time. (thehealthyplanet.com)
- Based on the current literature, we recommend that corneal refractive surgery is appropriate for patients with a history of HSK without multiple recurrences who have had no evidence of disease for at least one year. (dovepress.com)
- Patients with trigeminal nerve disease, however, have dropped jaw that cannot stay closed rather than trismus. (vin.com)
- Combiflam Tablet should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease. (121cure.com)
- Please consult your doctor.Use of Combiflam Tablet is not recommended in patients with severe kidney disease. (121cure.com)
- Patients suffering from TN describe pain episodes as "sharp, shooting, stabbing, or lightning-bolt" sensations along the distribution of cranial nerve V that last from a few seconds up to two minutes. (scirp.org)
- Many patients were dependent on opioids to manage the pain caused by a debilitating disease or injury, according to alerts about the closures that state health officials emailed to area physicians. (fi38.com)
- However, previous studies mainly conducted interventions on patients with pain symptoms that can be explained based on the physiological basis of the disease related to the trigeminal nerve. (medpharmres.com)
- TN is called "suicide disease" because there have been multiple reports of patients who committed suicide due to severity of this chronic neuropathic pain condition. (mypain.ca)
- Chiron's Brain and Spine Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre specializes in dealing with brain and spine-related diseases, providing diagnosis and minimally invasive surgery for patients. (chiron.care)
- MS patients can also develop trigeminal neuralgia after their MS diagnosis. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Similarly, any 40-and-under trigeminal neuralgia patients are considered candidates to develop MS. So, if you fall in this age range, you should consider getting tested for MS. (clevelandclinic.org)
Myelin sheath3
- This compression causes the wearing away or damage to the protective coating around the nerve (the myelin sheath). (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
- MS and trigeminal neuralgia both slowly break down the body's main protective layer around the nerve (the myelin sheath), which is why there's a slight overlap. (clevelandclinic.org)
- MS causes the deterioration of the nerve coating called the myelin sheath, so people with MS may also develop TN. (clevelandclinic.org)
Painful8
- Painful sensations are not a disease but can be perhaps the only symptom that allows diagnosing a number of dangerous diseases in time. (ecureme.com)
- Trigeminal neuralgia is also known as the most painful medical condition, which led to it sometimes being called the suicide disease. (timescolonist.com)
- Painful dental disease. (vin.com)
- They are used together in the treatment of acute and painful diseases affecting nerves like trigeminal neuralgias, post-operative pain, etc. (pulseplus.in)
- Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the most exquisitely painful syndromes known to humankind. (scirp.org)
- This includes regularly performing skin biopsies that industry experts describe as out of the norm for pain specialists, as well as notably high rates of other sometimes painful procedures, including nerve ablations and high-end urine tests that screen for an extensive list of drugs. (fi38.com)
- Affected cats may exhibit blepharospasm, lacrimation, enophtalmos, elevation of the nictitating membrane, and decreased activity and appetite that reflect the painful nature of the disease. (felipedia.org)
- Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic condition that can cause sudden, intense painful episodes, typically on one particular side of your face, that can disrupt daily activities. (clevelandclinic.org)
Symptoms7
- Prolonged headaches are especially dangerous since they are symptoms of such serious diseases as meningitis, nervous system damage (arachnoiditis, encephalitis), tuberculosis, syphilitic nervous system damage, parasitic diseases. (ecureme.com)
- T-cell responses correlate directly with clinical symptoms, and were better predictors of HHV-6 disease than viral load or total CD3+ counts. (hhv-6foundation.org)
- Its preoperative diagnosis is difficult since it has no symptoms or pathognomonic signs of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
- What are the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia? (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
- Two additional diseases, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sjogren's Disease, may also contribute their symptoms to the overall clinical picture. (mctdfoundation.org)
- With atypical trigeminal neuralgia, you may have more difficulty controlling the symptoms. (clevelandclinic.org)
- If you damage your trigeminal nerve through oral or sinus surgery, a stroke or from facial trauma, you may feel facial nerve pain that's similar to the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia. (clevelandclinic.org)
Diagnosis4
- Signs of dysfunction of other cranial neruves or other neurologic abnormality exclude the diagnosis of classic trigeminal neuralgia and suggest that pain may be secondary to a structural lesion. (medscape.com)
- Trigeminal nerve block provides hemifacial anesthesia and is used predominantly in the diagnosis and treatment of neuralgia. (medscape.com)
- The diagnosis, in most cases, is eminently clinical, usually determined by vesicle-bullous lesions involving the skin over the brachial nerve pathway. (bvsalud.org)
- Unless trauma triggered an existing trigeminal neuralgia issue, it may take some time before you reach a TN diagnosis. (dmlawyer.com)
Bell's1
- For example, nerve diseases like trigeminal neuralgia or Bell's palsy sometimes cause facial pain, spasms and trouble with eye or facial movement. (medlineplus.gov)
Pain17
- Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also known as tic douloureux, is a pain syndrome often recognizable by the patient's history alone. (medscape.com)
- Pain is perceived when nociceptive neurons in a trigeminal nucleus involve thalamic relay neurons. (medscape.com)
- Lesions of the entry zone of the trigeminal roots within the pons may cause a similar pain syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Pain in the eye area can be a symptom of autonomic dysfunction, migraine, as well as glaucoma and a number of other eye diseases. (ecureme.com)
- TN is characterized by extreme nerve pain, typically occurring on. (awarecauses.com)
- Trigeminal neuralgia is marked by intense bolts of pain, usually around the face. (timescolonist.com)
- Without its insulating sheath, the nerve can short-circuit, causing intense bolts of pain. (timescolonist.com)
- The blood vessel can then press sharply against the naked, uninsulated nerve, causing the bolt of pain. (timescolonist.com)
- When this nerve malfunctions or functions hyper-actively, the person may experience enhanced pain in the facial areas, including the jaws. (evdp.net)
- Injury to the trigeminal nerve (perhaps the result of sinus surgery, oral surgery, stroke, or facial trauma) may also produce neuropathic facial pain. (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
- This pathway, which contains both facilitatory and inhibitory fibers, together with its adjacent nucleus, extends from the junction of the pons and medulla to the uppermost segments (C2 or C3) of the spinal cord (as evidenced by the relief of facial pain after medullary trigeminal tractotomy). (mhmedical.com)
- But the problem is that like any other neuropathic pain condition, once the nerve becomes crazy and starts to function abnormally, it may not be easy to calm it down. (mypain.ca)
- Even with cutting the nerve the pain may continue. (mypain.ca)
- Sometime injections may make the pain worse by causing more irritation for the nerve. (mypain.ca)
- Trigeminal neuralgia, also referred to as tic douloureaux, is a condition defined by intense facial pain that can disrupt your normal, everyday activities. (clevelandclinic.org)
- It represents such intense pain that it is nicknamed the suicide disease. (dmlawyer.com)
- Ear discomfort can be a component of some pain for trigeminal neuralgia victims. (dmlawyer.com)
Atypical1
- Atypical (Type 2) trigeminal neuralgia. (clevelandclinic.org)
Maxillary2
- The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. (ouhsc.edu)
- The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are purely sensory. (medscape.com)
Nuclei2
- Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. (ouhsc.edu)
- Scheme of the trigeminal nuclei and some of the trigeminal reflex arcs. (mhmedical.com)
Pons2
- Aneurysms, tumors, chronic meningeal inflammation, or other lesions may irritate trigeminal nerve roots along the pons, causing symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia. (medscape.com)
- The spinal trigeminal nucleus in the upper cervical cord is a continuation of the spinal tract of Lissauer and substantia gelatinosa, while the main trigeminal sensory nucleus in the pons and medulla is a continuation of the nucleus of the medial lemniscus. (mhmedical.com)
Alzheimer's7
- Researchers at Griffith University have discovered a connection between bacteria and Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Once inside the brain, this bacterium triggers the production of certain markers that are indicative of Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- In response to this invasion, brain cells deposit a protein called amyloid beta, which is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, it is according to Professor St John, a co-author of the study, advisable to avoid nose picking or plucking nasal hairs to maintain the integrity of the nasal passage and lower the chances of developing Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Chlamydia pneumoniae can infect the central nervous system via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and contributes to Alzheimer's disease risk. (nih.gov)
- Three top experts on HHV-6A/B teamed up to write a comprehensive review and propose criteria for establishing HHV-6A/B to MS, epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. (hhv-6foundation.org)
- Dysregulation of the microRNA miR155 is associated with pathophysiological progression of Alzheimer's disease. (hhv-6foundation.org)
Blood vessel3
- People can be born with blood vessels too close to the nerve, and over the years the blood vessel rubs off the myelin. (timescolonist.com)
- Relieved of contact with the blood vessel, the nerve can replace its insulating myelin and the condition is reversed. (timescolonist.com)
- TN can be caused by a blood vessel pressing on the trigeminal nerve as it exits the brain stem. (lincroftoralsurgery.com)
Lesion1
- In scleroderma en coup de sabre (LScs) the atrophic lesion in frontoparietal area is the disease hallmark. (hindawi.com)
100,0002
- About 10 people in 100,000 have blood vessels lying too close to their trigeminal nerve. (timescolonist.com)
- The disease occurs quite often - 40 people per 100,000. (doclandmed.com)
Olfactory3
- Nose picking, however, should not affect the sense of smell, as the nasal cavity where the olfactory nerves are located is too high up to reach. (wikipedia.org)
- They have found evidence that a specific bacterium (Chlamydia pneumoniae) is capable of traveling through the olfactory nerve in the nose and entering the brain of mice. (wikipedia.org)
- The olfactory nerve, located in the nose, provides a direct and relatively short route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Neurology1
- The cranial nerves occupy a special place in neurology because examination of their function and dysfunction can provide critical information localizing lesions to the brainstem or skull base. (mhmedical.com)
Neurologic1
- Next, secondary TN is due to an underlying neurologic disease. (medscape.com)
Reactivation1
- Zoster is a viral disease in which the reactivation mechanism is poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
Facial nerve9
- Part of the facial nerve is located in the narrow canal of the temporal bone. (kakprosto.ru)
- In neuralgia of the facial nerve on the affected side changes is smoothed nasolabial folds, ceases to close the eyelid and is limited to the amount of movement of the facial muscles. (kakprosto.ru)
- In some cases, carry out microsurgical reconstruction of the affected area of the facial nerve . (kakprosto.ru)
- An abnormal vascular course of the superior cerebellar artery is often cited as the cause, as well as other small arteries or veins compressing the facial nerve. (medscape.com)
- Schwannoma is a rare pathology of the facial nerve. (bvsalud.org)
- The repair of the facial nerve as a first option should be the immediate graft or end-to-end suture. (bvsalud.org)
- The rehabilitation of the facial nerve requires a multidisciplinary team and the permanent collaboration of the patient to achieve the proposed objectives. (bvsalud.org)
- BACKGROUND: Intended subtotal resection (STR) followed by adjuvant gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has emerged as an effective treatment option for facial nerve (FN) preservation in vestibular schwannomas (VSs). (bvsalud.org)
- BACKGROUND: An indentation, designating a furrowed hole on the facial nerve, has been used in many studies for locating pathophysiology and assessing relevant clinical outcomes after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm (HFS). (bvsalud.org)
Inflammation2
- In most cases the victims of such illness, such as inflammation of the trigeminal nerve, are women. (doclandmed.com)
- Sometimes it is used for nervous diseases, residual effects of polio and inflammation of the facial trigeminal nerve. (pastaplusrestaurant.com)
Parkinson's1
- Medical Acupuncture on Nerve Degeneration Meridian: ALS, MS and Parkinson's Disease on the Rise! (thehealthyplanet.com)
Suicide disease2
- See the latest on trauma and suicide disease. (dmlawyer.com)
- We realize categorizing something as the suicide disease might suggest rather alarming presumptions. (dmlawyer.com)
Sensory nerves1
- The postganglionic fibers are the sensory nerves to the face and exit via various foramina at the base of the skull. (medscape.com)
Compression2
- Classical TN is described as vascular compression that causes anatomical changes in the trigeminal nerve root. (medscape.com)
- Open surgery is directed at relieving vascular compression of the nerve, whereas gamma-knife and percutaneous surgery are aimed at nerve destruction. (scirp.org)
Severe4
- Your dentist will be able to identify any signs of early periodontal disease before it becomes more severe. (nbjcoalition.org)
- Keep in mind that of all the people diagnosed with this disease, 13% may develop severe complications in 6-12 years. (mctdfoundation.org)
- Ocular disease can be severe. (msdmanuals.com)
- Vesicles on the tip of the nose (Hutchinson sign) indicate involvement of the nasociliary branch and a higher risk of severe ocular disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Schwannomas2
Systemic lupus erythem1
- Intriguingly, many of these polymorphisms are shared with other rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. (hindawi.com)
Fibers1
- Treatment should be started immediately, otherwise it might be irreversible loss of nerve fibers. (kakprosto.ru)
Demyelination1
- Microscopic demonstration of demyelination in primary trigeminal neuralgia. (medscape.com)
Pathway1
- Their study demonstrates that Chlamydia pneumoniae exploits the nerve pathway that extends from the nasal cavity to the brain as a means to invade the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment4
- Exercises are performed 3 times a day for the entire period of treatment of the disease. (kakprosto.ru)
- When refractory, it can be an unpleasant sensation of breathlessness caused by a disease that persists despite optimum treatment directed at the underlying pathology. (asjo.in)
- That said, Dr. Shelton recommends collecting a biopsy from the temporalis muscle in addition to sending the blood sample as ,the degree of scarring in the muscle will be helpful in staging the severity of the disease and in assessing the patient's ability to respond to treatment. (vin.com)
- Thereafter, it is dependent on the course of the disease, how well you are responding to current treatment and whether you are experiencing any side effects. (mctdfoundation.org)
Brain stem1
- Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA. (ouhsc.edu)
Stroke1
- Common diseases of the brain and nerves include stroke, hydrocephalus, cerebral artery aneurysm, and trigeminal neuralgia. (chiron.care)
Branch2
- Based upon 36 fresh and embalmed adult cadaver specimens, the arrangement of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) is described in the present study. (scielo.cl)
- That's just one small branch of the trigeminal nerve. (timescolonist.com)
Spinal1
- SptV, spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. (cdc.gov)