Valerianaceae
Phylogeny of Valerianaceae based on matK and ITS markers, with reference to matK individual polymorphism. (1/3)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The monophyly of Valerianaceae and the precise delimitation of the family are not totally resolved. Our knowledge on the phylogeny of the group is only partial: on a morphological basis, some contradicting taxonomic proposals have been published, which demonstrates the difficulties in establishing a natural classification of the family and especially in proposing a relevant treatment of the large genus Valeriana. The aims of this study are to contribute to the phylogeny and generic delineation of the Valerianaceae on the basis of molecular data. METHODS: A cladistic analysis of the sequences of one plastid (matK) and one nuclear (ITS) molecular marker was carried out, both individually and in combination. KEY RESULTS: The results of the analyses of both regions confirm that the family is monophyletic, with the exclusion of Triplostegia. The tribe Patrinieae is monophyletic, and the tribe Valerianeae is also a natural group. Two of the subtribes of Valerianeae, Fediinae and Centranthinae, are also monophyletic, with the exclusion of the genus Plectritis from Fediinae. The subtribe Valerianinae, on the other hand, is paraphyletic. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm, for the first time on a molecular basis, the suggested paraphyly of Valeriana in its present circumscription, with profound nomenclatural and taxonomic implications. The correlation between molecular phylogeny and biogeography is close. In the course of the plastid DNA sequencing, a polymorphism concerning the matK gene was found, a fact that should be carefully evaluated in phylogenetic analyses. (+info)Sedative effect of Centranthus longiflorus ssp. longiflorus in rats and the influence of adrenalectomy on its effect. (2/3)
Sedative effect of the aqueous extract of Centranthus longiflorus ssp. longiflorus (Cle-1) on intact and adrenalectomized rats was investigated using a thiopental sleeping test to clarify the relationship of this effect on adrenal gland hormones, particularly glucocorticoids. Adrenal gland hormones were found to play an important role in inhibiting the sedative effect of the investigated drugs. It is clear, however, that these hormones are not glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids were not responsible for shortening the sleep period. (+info)Rapid isolation and cross-amplification of microsatellite markers in Plectritis congesta (Valerianaceae) with 454 sequencing. (3/3)
(+info)Valerianaceae is a family of flowering plants, rather than a medical term. It belongs to the order Dipsacales and includes the well-known genus Valeriana, from which the medicinal herb valerian is derived. The name "Valerianaceae" refers to this family of plants, which are characterized by their aromatic roots and rhizomes.
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) has been used in traditional medicine for its sedative and calming properties. Its active components, including valerenic acid and other volatile oils, interact with the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain, helping to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality. However, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies for medicinal purposes.
Caprifoliaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes shrubs, trees, and climbers. It was previously known as Honeysuckle family, as it includes the genera containing common honeysuckles (Lonicera spp.). The family Caprifoliaceae contains around 90 genera and 2000 species of plants, including well-known garden plants such as elderberries (Sambucus spp.), valerians (Valeriana spp.), and snowberries (Symphoricarpos spp.).
The plants in Caprifoliaceae are characterized by their opposite leaves, typically with entire margins, and their flowers, which are usually tubular or bell-shaped. The fruits of these plants can be berries, drupes, or capsules. Many species in this family have medicinal properties, while others are cultivated for their ornamental value.
It's worth noting that recent phylogenetic studies have led to a reclassification of some plant families, and Caprifoliaceae is now sometimes included as part of the larger family Dipsacaceae.