Vascular Neoplasms
Hemangioendothelioma
Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid
Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue
Hemangioma
Hemangiosarcoma
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Neoplasms
Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium. (1/299)
Angiosarcomas apparently derive from blood vessel endothelial cells; however, occasionally their histological features suggest mixed origin from blood and lymphatic endothelia. In the absence of specific positive markers for lymphatic endothelia the precise distinction between these components has not been possible. Here we provide evidence by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry that podoplanin, a approximately 38-kd membrane glycoprotein of podocytes, is specifically expressed in the endothelium of lymphatic capillaries, but not in the blood vasculature. In normal skin and kidney, podoplanin colocalized with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, the only other lymphatic marker presently available. Complementary immunostaining of blood vessels was obtained with established endothelial markers (CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, and Ulex europaeus I lectin) as well as podocalyxin, another podocytic protein that is also localized in endothelia of blood vessels. Podoplanin specifically immunolabeled endothelia of benign tumorous lesions of undisputed lymphatic origin (lymphangiomas, hygromas) and was detected there as a 38-kd protein by immunoblotting. As paradigms of malignant vascular tumors, poorly differentiated (G3) common angiosarcomas (n = 8), epitheloid angiosarcomas (n = 3), and intestinal Kaposi's sarcomas (n = 5) were examined for their podoplanin content in relation to conventional endothelial markers. The relative number of tumor cells expressing podoplanin was estimated and, although the number of cases in this preliminary study was limited to 16, an apparent spectrum of podoplanin expression emerged that can be divided into a low-expression group in which 0-10% of tumor cells contained podoplanin, a moderate-expression group with 30-60% and a high-expression group with 70-100%. Ten of eleven angiosarcomas and all Kaposi's sarcomas showed mixed expression of both lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial phenotypes. By double labeling, most podoplanin-positive tumor cells coexpressed endothelial markers of blood vessels, whereas few tumor cells were positive for individual markers only. From these results we conclude that (1) podoplanin is a selective marker of lymphatic endothelium; (2) G3 angiosarcomas display a quantitative spectrum of podoplanin-expressing tumor cells; (3) in most angiosarcomas, a varying subset of tumor cells coexpresses podoplanin and endothelial markers of blood vessels; and (4) all endothelial cells of Kaposi's sarcomas expressed the lymphatic marker podoplanin. (+info)Prognostic value of p53 protein expression for patients with gastric cancer--a multivariate analysis. (2/299)
Mutations in the p53 gene, one of the most common genetic alterations in human cancer, are implicated in tumorigenesis and tumour progression. Although p53 protein expression appears to be correlated to prognosis in patients with malignancy, its prognostic role in gastric cancer has remained controversial. We examined the clinical significance of p53 overexpression in 427 patients with gastric cancer, using multivariate analysis. Tumour sections of gastric cancer tissues from these 427 Japanese patients were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibody PAb1801. The presence of p53 expression was statistically compared with clinicopathological features and post-operative survival, using univariate and multivariate analyses. p53 expression was detected in 38.6% (165 out of 427) of these gastric cancers and immunoreactivity was not observed in normal mucosa adjacent to the tumour. A higher rate of p53 detection was observed among large tumours and in those with a prominent depth of invasion, lymphatic and vascular invasion and lymph node involvement. Prognosis was significantly worse for patients with p53-positive-staining tumours. The 5-year survival rate was 62.5% for patients with p53-negative tumours and 43.3% for those with positive malignancies. p53 expression was a significant prognostic factor for node-positive gastric cancers in subjects undergoing treatment with curative resection, as assessed by Cox regression analysis. Thus, the expression of p53 was closely related to the potential for tumour advance and a poorer post-operative prognosis for patients with gastric cancer. (+info)Subclavian artery resection and reconstruction for thoracic inlet cancers. (3/299)
PURPOSE: We previously described an original transcervical approach to resect primary or secondary malignant diseases that invade the thoracic inlet (TI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical aspects and long-term results of the resection and revascularization of the subclavian artery (SA). METHODS: Between 1986 and 1998, 34 patients (mean age, 49 years) underwent en bloc resection of TI cancer that had invaded the SA. The surgical approach was an L-shaped transclavicular cervicotomy in 33 patients. In 14 of these patients, this approach was associated with a posterolateral thoracotomy (n = 10) or a posterior midline approach (n = 4). In one patient, the procedure was achieved with a single posterolateral thoracotomy approach. An end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 16 patients. In one patient, a subclavian-left common carotid artery transposition was performed. In one other patient, an end-to-end anastomosis was performed between the proximal innominate artery and the SA. The right carotid artery was transposed into the SA in an end-to-side fashion. In 16 patients, prosthetic revascularization with a polytetrafluoroethylene graft was performed. Thirty-three patients underwent postoperative radiation therapy. RESULTS: There were no cases of perioperative death, neurologic sequelae, graft infections or occlusions, or limb ischemia. There were two delayed asymptomatic polytetrafluoroethylene graft occlusions at 12 and 31 months. The 5-year patency rate was 85%. During this study, 20 patients died: 18 died of tumor recurrence (5 local and systemic and 13 systemic), one of respiratory failure, and one of an unknown cause at 74 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 36%, and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 18%. CONCLUSION: Tumor arterial invasion per se should not be a contraindication to TI cancer resection. This study shows that cancers that invade the SA can be resected through an L-shaped transclavicular cervicotomy, with good results with a concomitant revascularization of the SA. (+info)Stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma--case report. (4/299)
A 40-year-old female presented with cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma manifesting as left abducens and trigeminal nerve pareses. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left cavernous sinus tumor. The tumor was partially removed. Histological examination of the specimen confirmed cavernous hemangioma. Radiosurgery was performed using the gamma knife. The tumor markedly decreased in size after radiosurgery and morbidity was avoided. Cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas may be difficult to treat surgically due to intraoperative bleeding and cranial nerve injury. Stereotactic radiosurgery can be used either as an adjunct treatment to craniotomy, or as the primary treatment for small cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma. (+info)Pulmonary artery sarcoma diagnosed using intravascular ultrasound images. (5/299)
Primary and secondary malignant intravascular tumours of the pulmonary artery occur infrequently and the diagnosis is usually delayed as symptoms and findings from conventional examinations are non-specific. The case is presented of a patient with a pulmonary artery sarcoma, probably arising from ribs resected some years previously, in which intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provided important diagnostic findings. (+info)Intravascular lymphomatosis presenting as an ascending cauda equina: conus medullaris syndrome: remission after biweekly CHOP therapy. (6/299)
A 63 year old man developed dysaesthesia in the legs followed by a subacute ascending flaccid paraparesis with sacral sensory and autonomic involvement. Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) was favoured by the presence of low grade fever and raised serum C reactive protein, CSF pleocytosis, raised lymphoma markers (serum LDH, soluble IL-2 receptor), and steroid responsiveness. Only muscle, among several organ biopsies, confirmed IVL. A cytogenetic study of the bone marrow showed chromosome 6 monosomy, as previously reported. The monosomy of chromosome 19, which bears the intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, newly found in this case, may be related to the unique tumour embolisation of IVL. The CHOP regimen (six courses in 12 weeks) using granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) led to gradual resolution of myeloradiculopathy and laboratory supported remission lasting for more than 13 months. The biweekly CHOP with G-CSF support may be a choice of chemotherapy in averting rapidly fatal IVL. (+info)External jugular vein hemangioma occurring as a lateral neck mass. (7/299)
Hemangioma is an extremely frequent tumor, accounting for 7% of all benign neoplasms. In contrast, hemangioma arising in blood vessels is rare and should be differentiated from other neoplasms of vascular origin, such as hemangioendothelioma, hemangiopericytoma, hemangiosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. The case we report has the peculiarity of occurring as a lateral neck mass in which color-coded duplex sonography contributed significantly to diagnosis. (+info)Measurement of telomerase activity in dog tumors. (8/299)
Telomeres are specific structures present at the end of liner chromosomes. DNA polymerase can not synthesize the end of liner DNA and, as a result, the telomeres become progressively shortened by successive cell divisions. To overcome the end replication problem, telomerase adds new telomeric sequences to the end of chromosomal DNA. The enzyme activity is undetectable in most normal human adult somatic cells, in which shortening of the telomere is thought to limit the somatic-cell life span. In contrast to normal somatic cells, many human tumors possess telomerase activity. The present study looked at whether telomerase activity might serve as a marker for canine tumors. Telomerase activity was measured using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Normal dog somatic tissues showed little or no telomerase activity, while normal testis exhibited a high level of telomerase activity. We measured telomerase activity in tumor samples from 45 dogs; 21 mammary gland tumors, 16 tumors developed in the skin and oral cavity, 7 vascular tumors and 1 Sertoli cell tumor. Greater than 95% of the tumor samples contained telomerase activity (3-924 U/2 micrograms protein). The results obtained in this study indicated that telomerase should be a useful diagnostic marker for a variety of dog tumors, and it may serve as a target for antitumor chemotherapy. (+info)Vascular neoplasms are a type of tumor that develops from cells that line the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign vascular neoplasms, such as hemangiomas and lymphangiomas, are usually harmless and may not require treatment unless they cause symptoms or complications. Malignant vascular neoplasms, on the other hand, are known as angiosarcomas and can be aggressive, spreading to other parts of the body and potentially causing serious health problems.
Angiosarcomas can develop in any part of the body but are most commonly found in the skin, particularly in areas exposed to radiation or chronic lymph edema. They can also occur in the breast, liver, spleen, and heart. Treatment for vascular neoplasms depends on the type, location, size, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Hemangioendothelioma is a rare type of vascular tumor, which means it arises from the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels. It can occur in various parts of the body, but it most commonly involves the soft tissues and bones. Hemangioendotheliomas are often classified as borderline malignant tumors because they can behave either indolently (like a benign tumor) or aggressively (like a malignant tumor), depending on their specific type and location.
There are several subtypes of hemangioendothelioma, including:
1. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: This subtype typically affects young adults and can involve various organs, such as the liver, lungs, or soft tissues. It tends to have a more indolent course but can metastasize in some cases.
2. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: This is an aggressive subtype that usually occurs in infants and children. It often involves the skin and soft tissues, causing local invasion and consumptive coagulopathy (Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon).
3. Retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare and low-grade malignant tumor that typically affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue of adults. It has a favorable prognosis with a low risk of metastasis.
4. Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma (PILA): This is a rare, slow-growing tumor that usually occurs in the head and neck region of children and young adults. It has an excellent prognosis with no reported cases of metastasis or recurrence after complete surgical resection.
Treatment for hemangioendotheliomas typically involves surgical excision when possible. Other treatment options, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapies, may be considered depending on the tumor's location, size, and behavior. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for potential recurrence or metastasis.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma is a rare type of vascular tumor that can develop in various parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, bones, and soft tissues. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of endothelial cells, which line the interior surface of blood vessels.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma is classified as a borderline malignant tumor, meaning it has the potential to behave in a benign or malignant manner. The tumor typically grows slowly and may remain localized for an extended period, but it can also metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body.
The epithelioid variant of Hemangioendothelioma is named for its distinctive appearance under a microscope. The tumor cells are large and have an epithelial-like morphology, which means they resemble the cells that make up the outer layer of the skin and other organs.
Clinical presentation and management of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma depend on the location and extent of the tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence or progression.
A neoplasm of vascular tissue is an abnormal growth or mass of cells in the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms, such as hemangiomas and lymphangiomas, are typically not harmful and may not require treatment. However, they can cause symptoms if they grow large enough to press on nearby organs or tissues. Malignant neoplasms, such as angiosarcomas, are cancerous and can invade and destroy surrounding tissue, as well as spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Treatment for vascular tissue neoplasms depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the growth, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.
A hemangioma is a benign (noncancerous) vascular tumor or growth that originates from blood vessels. It is characterized by an overgrowth of endothelial cells, which line the interior surface of blood vessels. Hemangiomas can occur in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes.
Hemangiomas can be classified into two main types:
1. Capillary hemangioma (also known as strawberry hemangioma): This type is more common and typically appears during the first few weeks of life. It grows rapidly for several months before gradually involuting (or shrinking) on its own, usually within the first 5 years of life. Capillary hemangiomas can be superficial, appearing as a bright red, raised lesion on the skin, or deep, forming a bluish, compressible mass beneath the skin.
2. Cavernous hemangioma: This type is less common and typically appears during infancy or early childhood. It consists of large, dilated blood vessels and can occur in various organs, including the skin, liver, brain, and gastrointestinal tract. Cavernous hemangiomas on the skin appear as a rubbery, bluish mass that does not typically involute like capillary hemangiomas.
Most hemangiomas do not require treatment, especially if they are small and not causing any significant problems. However, in cases where hemangiomas interfere with vital functions, impair vision or hearing, or become infected, various treatments may be considered, such as medication (e.g., corticosteroids, propranolol), laser therapy, surgical excision, or embolization.
Hemangiosarcoma is a type of cancer that arises from the cells that line the blood vessels (endothelial cells). It most commonly affects middle-aged to older dogs, but it can also occur in cats and other animals, as well as rarely in humans.
This cancer can develop in various parts of the body, including the skin, heart, spleen, liver, and lungs. Hemangiosarcomas of the skin tend to be more benign and have a better prognosis than those that arise internally.
Hemangiosarcomas are highly invasive and often metastasize (spread) to other organs, making them difficult to treat. The exact cause of hemangiosarcoma is not known, but exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, and viruses may increase the risk of developing this cancer. Treatment options typically include surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy, depending on the location and stage of the tumor.
Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the pancreas that can be benign or malignant. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces hormones and digestive enzymes. Pancreatic neoplasms can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to various health complications.
Benign pancreatic neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually removed through surgery to prevent any potential complications, such as blocking the bile duct or causing pain.
Malignant pancreatic neoplasms, also known as pancreatic cancer, are cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or bones. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat, with a poor prognosis.
There are several types of pancreatic neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neoplasms. The specific type of neoplasm is determined through various diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.
Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.
Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.
Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.
Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal growths of tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They occur when the normal control mechanisms that regulate cell growth and division are disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
Cystic Neoplasms: Cystic neoplasms are tumors that contain fluid-filled sacs or cysts. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can occur in various organs of the body, including the pancreas, ovary, and liver.
Mucinous Neoplasms: Mucinous neoplasms are a type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of mucin, a gel-like substance produced by certain types of cells. These tumors can occur in various organs, including the ovary, pancreas, and colon. Mucinous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, and malignant forms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.
Serous Neoplasms: Serous neoplasms are another type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of serous fluid, which is a thin, watery fluid. These tumors commonly occur in the ovary and can be benign or malignant. Malignant serous neoplasms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.
In summary, neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths that can be benign or malignant. Cystic neoplasms contain fluid-filled sacs and can occur in various organs of the body. Mucinous neoplasms produce a gel-like substance called mucin and can also occur in various organs, while serous neoplasms produce thin, watery fluid and commonly occur in the ovary. Both mucinous and serous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, with malignant forms often being aggressive and having a poor prognosis.