A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.
A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that includes two distinctive targeting motifs; an N-terminal motif specific for the INSULIN RECEPTOR, and a C-terminal motif specific for the SH3 domain containing proteins. This subtype includes a hydrophobic domain which localizes it to the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.
The smaller fragment formed when complement C4 is cleaved by COMPLEMENT C1S. It is an anaphylatoxin that causes symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE) but its activity is weaker than that of COMPLEMENT C3A or COMPLEMENT C5A.
The large fragment formed when COMPLEMENT C4 is cleaved by COMPLEMENT C1S. The membrane-bound C4b binds COMPLEMENT C2A, a SERINE PROTEASE, to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE) and subsequent C4b2a3b (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C5 CONVERTASE).
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)
VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.
An autosomal recessive condition characterized by recurrent myoclonic and generalized seizures, ATAXIA, slowly progressive intellectual deterioration, dysarthria, and intention tremor. Myoclonic seizures are severe and continuous, and tend to be triggered by movement, stress, and sensory stimuli. The age of onset is between 8 and 13 years, and the condition is relatively frequent in the Baltic region, especially Finland. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp109-110)
An autosomal recessive fructose metabolism disorder due to deficient fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (EC 2.1.2.13) activity, resulting in accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate. The accumulated fructose-1-phosphate inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causing severe hypoglycemia following ingestion of fructose. Prolonged fructose ingestion in infants leads ultimately to hepatic failure and death. Patients develop a strong distaste for sweet food, and avoid a chronic course of the disease by remaining on a fructose- and sucrose-free diet.
An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in neurons and other tissues. It is caused by mutation in the common beta subunit of HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Thus this disease is also known as the O variant since both hexosaminidase A and B are missing. Clinically, it is indistinguishable from TAY-SACHS DISEASE.
Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.
Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.
A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.
A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)
A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)
Hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.
A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.
A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.
Oil obtained from the seeds of Gossypium herbaceum L., the cotton plant. It is used in dietary products such as oleomargarine and many cooking oils. Cottonseed oil is commonly used in soaps and cosmetics.
A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.
The practice of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the health of individuals associated with the marine environment.
Usually refers to planned scientific data-gathering excursions.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
The prevailing temper or spirit of an individual or group in relation to the tasks or functions which are expected.
'Medical manuscripts' are written documents that present original research, review articles, case studies, or theoretical discussions in the field of medicine, prepared following specific guidelines and structures for scientific communication, intended for publication in peer-reviewed medical journals.
Traditional Arabic methods used in medicine in the ARAB WORLD.
Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.

Mutations in the organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 in primary carnitine deficiency. (1/83)

Primary carnitine deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation caused by defective carnitine transport. This disease presents early in life with hypoketotic hypoglycemia or later in life with skeletal myopathy or cardiomyopathy. The gene for this condition maps to 5q31.2-32 and OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter, also maps to the same chromosomal region. Here we test the causative role of OCTN2 in primary carnitine deficiency by searching for mutations in this gene in affected patients. Fibroblasts from patients with primary carnitine deficiency lacked mediated carnitine transport. Transfection of patient's fibroblasts with the OCTN2 cDNA partially restored carnitine transport. Sequencing of the OCTN2 gene revealed different mutations in two unrelated patients. The first patient was homozygous (and both parents heterozygous) for a single base pair substitution converting the codon for Arg-282 to a STOP codon (R282X). The second patient was a compound heterozygote for a paternal 1-bp insertion producing a STOP codon (Y401X) and a maternal 1-bp deletion that produced a frameshift creating a subsequent STOP codon (458X). These mutations decreased the levels of mature OCTN2 mRNA and resulted in nonfunctional transporters, confirming that defects in the organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 are responsible for primary carnitine deficiency.  (+info)

A survey of the current clinical practice of psychiatrists and accident and emergency specialists in the United Kingdom concerning vitamin supplementation for chronic alcohol misusers. (2/83)

Although it is well known that B-vitamin deficiencies directly affecting the brain are common in alcohol misuse, no concise guidelines on the use of vitamin supplements in alcohol misusers currently exist in the UK. The purpose of this study was to assess current practice and opinion among UK physicians. Questionnaires were completed by a total of 427 physicians comprising Accident and Emergency (A&E) specialists and psychiatrists, with a response rate of 25%. The main findings were that vitamin deficiency was perceived as being uncommon amongst alcohol misusers (<25%) and there was no consensus as to which B vitamins are beneficial in treatment or the best method of administration of B-vitamin supplementation. The majority of psychiatrists favoured oral administration for prophylaxis against the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in chronic alcohol misusers and parenteral therapy in patients with signs of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Whilst only just over half the A&E specialists expressed a preference, most favoured parenteral therapy in both cases. Most respondents did not currently have a unit policy/protocol on the management of vitamin supplementation in chronic alcohol misusers. Overall, the findings suggest that there is wide variation in current practice and highlight the need for guidelines in this area.  (+info)

B vitamins, homocysteine, and neurocognitive function in the elderly. (3/83)

Evidence of the importance of the B vitamins folic acid, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 for the well-being and normal function of the brain derives from data showing neurologic and psychologic dysfunction in vitamin deficiency states and in cases of congenital defects of one-carbon metabolism. The status of these vitamins is frequently inadequate in the elderly and recent studies have shown associations between loss of cognitive function or Alzheimer disease and inadequate B vitamin status. The question that arises is whether these B vitamin inadequacies contribute to such brain malfunctions or result from aging and disease. From a theoretical standpoint, these inadequacies could give rise to impairment of methylation reactions that are crucial to the health of brain tissue. In addition or perhaps instead, these inadequacies could result in hyperhomocysteinemia, a recently identified risk factor for occlusive vascular disease, stroke, and thrombosis, any of which may result in brain ischemia. Advances in the understanding of this putative relation between inadequate vitamin status and loss of cognitive function in the elderly are likely to be slow and may depend on the outcomes of both prospective studies and longitudinal studies in which nutritional intervention is provided before cognitive decline occurs.  (+info)

Effect of physical activity on thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 requirements. (4/83)

Because exercise stresses metabolic pathways that depend on thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6, the requirements for these vitamins may be increased in athletes and active individuals. Theoretically, exercise could increase the need for these micronutrients in several ways: through decreased absorption of the nutrients; by increased turnover, metabolism, or loss of the nutrients; through biochemical adaptation as a result of training that increases nutrient needs; by an increase in mitochondrial enzymes that require the nutrients; or through an increased need for the nutrients for tissue maintenance and repair. Biochemical evidence of deficiencies in some of these vitamins in active individuals has been reported, but studies examining these issues are limited and equivocal. On the basis of metabolic studies, the riboflavin status of young and older women who exercise moderately (2.5-5 h/wk) appears to be poorer in periods of exercise, dieting, and dieting plus exercise than during control periods. Exercise also increases the loss of vitamin B-6 as 4-pyridoxic acid. These losses are small and concomitant decreases in blood vitamin B-6 measures have not been documented. There are no metabolic studies that have compared thiamine status in active and sedentary persons. Exercise appears to decrease nutrient status even further in active individuals with preexisting marginal vitamin intakes or marginal body stores. Thus, active individuals who restrict their energy intake or make poor dietary choices are at greatest risk for poor thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 status.  (+info)

Effects of protein and vitamin B deficiency on blood parameters and myenteric neurons of the colon of rats. (5/83)

The aims of this work were to evaluate the effects of the deficient ingestion of protein and vitamin B on the biochemical and hematologic parameters and on the NADH- and NADPH-diaphorase positive myenteric neurons. The control animals (n=10) received commercial chow and the experimental rats (n=10) received chow with protein level reduced to 8% during 120 days. At the time of killing blood was collected for assessment of the blood and hematologic parameters and the ascending colon for quantitative analysis of the neurons of the myenteric plexus. It was observed that the reduction of the protein level to 8% coupled to the reduction of the levels of vitamin B in adult rats neither led to qualitative or quantitative changes on red or white blood cells, nor decreased globulin levels, induced the formation of edema or gave rise to clinical signs typical of protein or vitamin B deficiency. On the other hand, the experimental protocol led to less weight gain, change on the body composition with fat deposition; decrease of the values of serum total protein and albumin; reduction of the area of colon and density of nitrergic and NADH-diaphorase myenteric neurons inferior to the expected.  (+info)

Effects of fatty liver induced by niacin-free diet with orotic acid on the metabolism of tryptophan to niacin in rats. (6/83)

The effects of dietary orotic acid on the metabolism of tryptophan to niacin in weaning rats was investigated. The rats were fed with a niacin-free, 20% casein diet containing 0% (control diet) or 1% orotic acid diet (test diet) for 29 d. Retardation of growth, development of fatty liver, and enlargement of liver were observed in the test group in comparison with the control group. The concentrations of NAD and NADP in liver significantly decreased, while these in blood did not decrease compared to the control group. The formation of the upper metabolites of tryptophan to niacin such as anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid were not affected, but the quinolinic acid and beyond, such as nicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinamide, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, were significantly reduced by the administration of orotic acid. Therefore, the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin significantly decreased in the test group in comparison with the control group.  (+info)

Preconception homocysteine and B vitamin status and birth outcomes in Chinese women. (7/83)

BACKGROUND: The associations between homocysteine, B vitamin status, and pregnancy outcomes have not been examined prospectively. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the associations of preconception homocysteine and B vitamin status with preterm birth and birth of low-birth-weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in Chinese women. DESIGN: This was a case-control study of women aged 21-34 y. Preterm cases (n = 29) delivered living infants at <37 wk gestation; term controls (n = 405) delivered infants at > or =37 wk. LBW cases (n = 33) had infants weighing <2500 g; normal-birth-weight controls (n = 390) had infants weighing > or =2500 g. SGA cases (n = 65) had infants below the 10th percentile of weight-for-gestational-age; appropriate-for-gestational-age controls (n = 358) had infants above this cutoff. Nonfasting plasma concentrations of homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 were measured before conception. RESULTS: Elevated homocysteine (> or =12.4 micro mol/L) was associated with a nearly 4-fold higher risk of preterm birth (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 10.0; P < 0.05). The risk of preterm birth was 60% lower among women with vitamin B-12 > or =258 pmol/L than among vitamin B-12-deficient women (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9; P < 0.05) and was 50% lower among women with vitamin B-6 > or =30 nmol/L than among vitamin B-6-deficient women (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.2; NS). Folate status was not associated with preterm birth, and homocysteine and B vitamin status were not associated with LBW or SGA status. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated homocysteine and suboptimal vitamin B-12 and B-6 status may increase the risk of preterm birth. These results need to be confirmed in larger prospective studies.  (+info)

A preliminary study of circulating vitamins in a Puerto Rican migrant farm population in New Jersey. (8/83)

A preliminary survey of circulating vitamin B12 biotin, folate, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, pantothenate, nicotinate, and vitamin A & B-carotene of 53 Puerto Rican migrant farm workers was undertaken. Results indicate that hypovitaminemia existed particularly for vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and vitamin A.  (+info)

Vitamin B deficiency refers to a condition where an individual's body lacks adequate amounts of one or more essential Vitamin B compounds, including Vitamin B1 (thiamin), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), Vitamin B7 (biotin), Vitamin B9 (folate), and Vitamin B12 (cobalamin). These water-soluble vitamins play crucial roles in various bodily functions, such as energy production, nerve function, DNA repair, and the formation of red blood cells.

Deficiency in any of these Vitamin B compounds can lead to specific health issues. For instance:

1. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency can cause beriberi, a condition characterized by muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, and heart failure.
2. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency may result in ariboflavinosis, which presents with inflammation of the mouth and tongue, anemia, and skin disorders.
3. Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency can lead to pellagra, marked by diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and, if left untreated, death.
4. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) deficiency is rare but can cause acne-like skin lesions and neurological symptoms.
5. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency may result in anemia, peripheral neuropathy, seizures, and skin disorders.
6. Vitamin B7 (biotin) deficiency can cause hair loss, skin rashes, and neurological symptoms.
7. Vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects in fetuses during pregnancy, and increased homocysteine levels, which may contribute to cardiovascular disease.
8. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency can cause pernicious anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, neurological symptoms, and, if left untreated, irreversible nerve damage.

Deficiencies in these vitamins can arise from inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption syndromes, or certain medications that interfere with absorption or metabolism. It is essential to maintain a balanced diet and consider supplementation if necessary under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 (PTPN1) is a type of enzyme that belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs play crucial roles in regulating various cellular processes by removing phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins, thereby controlling the activity of many proteins involved in signal transduction pathways.

PTPN1, also known as PTP1B, is a non-receptor type PTP that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol of cells. It has been extensively studied due to its important role in regulating various cellular signaling pathways, including those involved in metabolism, cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

PTPN1 dephosphorylates several key signaling molecules, such as the insulin receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). By negatively regulating these signaling pathways, PTPN1 acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a role in preventing excessive cell growth and survival. However, dysregulation of PTPN1 has been implicated in various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and cancer.

Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. It is a metalloid that is light-colored, hard, and highly resistant to corrosion. In its crystalline form, boron is nearly as hard as diamond.

In medicine, boron compounds have been studied for their potential therapeutic uses, particularly in the treatment of cancer. For example, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a type of radiation therapy that involves the use of boron-containing compounds to selectively deliver radiation to cancer cells.

Boron is also an essential micronutrient for plants and some animals, including humans. However, excessive exposure to boron can be toxic to humans and other organisms. Therefore, it is important to maintain appropriate levels of boron in the body and environment.

Complement C4a is a protein fragment or cleavage product generated during the activation of the complement system, which is a part of the immune system. The complement system helps to eliminate pathogens and damaged cells by marking them for destruction and direct lysis. Complement component 4 (C4) is one of the key proteins in this cascade, and it gets cleaved into C4a and C4b during the activation process.

C4a is a small anaphylatoxin with a molecular weight of approximately 9 kDa. It has chemotactic properties, meaning it can attract immune cells like neutrophils to the site of complement activation. Additionally, C4a can induce histamine release from mast cells and basophils, contributing to local inflammation. However, its precise physiological role in the immune response is not entirely clear, and dysregulation of C4a production has been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and allergies.

Complement C4b is a protein fragment that is formed during the activation of the complement system, which is a part of the immune system. The complement system helps to eliminate pathogens and damaged cells from the body by tagging them for destruction and attracting immune cells to the site of infection or injury.

C4b is generated when the C4 protein is cleaved into two smaller fragments, C4a and C4b, during the activation of the classical or lectin pathways of the complement system. C4b then binds covalently to the surface of the target cell or pathogen, forming a complex with other complement proteins that can create a membrane attack complex (MAC) and cause cell lysis.

C4b can also act as an opsonin, coating the surface of the target cell or pathogen and making it easier for immune cells to recognize and phagocytose them. Additionally, C4b can activate the alternative pathway of the complement system, leading to further amplification of the complement response.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a condition characterized by insufficient levels of vitamin B12 in the body, leading to impaired production of red blood cells, nerve function damage, and potential neurological complications. Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and maintaining the health of the nervous system.

The medical definition of vitamin B12 deficiency includes:

1. Reduced serum or whole blood vitamin B12 concentrations (typically below 200 pg/mL or 145 pmol/L)
2. Presence of clinical symptoms and signs, such as:
* Fatigue, weakness, and lethargy
* Pale skin, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations due to anemia (megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia)
* Neurological symptoms like numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy), balance problems, confusion, memory loss, and depression
3. Laboratory findings consistent with deficiency, such as:
* Increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of red blood cells
* Reduced numbers of red and white blood cells and platelets in severe cases
* Elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels in the blood due to impaired metabolism

The most common causes of vitamin B12 deficiency include dietary insufficiency (common in vegetarians and vegans), pernicious anemia (an autoimmune condition affecting intrinsic factor production), gastrointestinal disorders (such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, or gastric bypass surgery), and certain medications that interfere with vitamin B12 absorption.

Untreated vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to severe complications, including irreversible nerve damage, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing long-term health consequences.

Medical Definition of Vitamin B6:

Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. It is involved in the process of making serotonin and norepinephrine, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the brain. Vitamin B6 is also necessary for the formation of myelin, a protein layer that forms around nerve cells. Additionally, it helps the body to metabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, and is involved in the creation of red blood cells.

Vitamin B6 can be found in a wide variety of foods, including poultry, seafood, bananas, potatoes, and fortified cereals. A deficiency in vitamin B6 can lead to anemia, confusion, and a weakened immune system. On the other hand, excessive intake of vitamin B6 can cause nerve damage and skin lesions. It is important to maintain appropriate levels of vitamin B6 through a balanced diet and, if necessary, supplementation under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Unverricht-Lundborg syndrome, also known as Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy type 1 or PME1, is a rare inherited neurological disorder characterized by progressive myoclonus (involuntary jerking movements), tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal seizures), and sometimes cognitive decline. It typically begins in childhood or adolescence. The condition is caused by mutations in the CSTB gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called cystatin B that helps regulate the activity of enzymes involved in brain function. The exact role of cystatin B in the brain and how its deficiency leads to Unverricht-Lundborg syndrome is not fully understood.

Fructose intolerance, also known as hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI), is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize the sugar called fructose, which is found in fruits, vegetables, and processed foods. It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aldolase B, which is necessary for the breakdown and absorption of fructose in the liver.

When individuals with fructose intolerance consume food or drinks containing fructose, the undigested fructose accumulates in the bloodstream and gets absorbed by other organs, leading to a range of symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, vomiting, and low blood sugar. Prolonged exposure to high levels of fructose can also cause liver damage, kidney failure, and growth retardation in children.

The diagnosis of fructose intolerance is usually made through a combination of clinical symptoms, genetic testing, and a fructose tolerance test. The treatment for fructose intolerance involves avoiding foods and drinks that contain fructose or limiting their consumption to very small amounts. In some cases, supplementation with enzyme replacement therapy may be recommended.

Sandhoff disease is a rare inherited disorder that affects the nervous system. It's a type of GM2 gangliosidosis, which is a group of conditions characterized by the body's inability to break down certain fats (lipids) called gangliosides.

In Sandhoff disease, deficiencies in the enzymes hexosaminidase A and B lead to an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in various cells, particularly in nerve cells of the brain. This accumulation results in progressive damage to the nervous system.

The symptoms of Sandhoff disease typically appear between 6 months and 2 years of age and can include developmental delay, seizures, an exaggerated startle response, muscle weakness, loss of motor skills, and vision and hearing loss. The condition is often fatal by around age 3. It's caused by mutations in the HEXB gene, and it's inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to develop the disease.

Medical Definition of Vitamin A:

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal vision, immune function, and cell growth. It is also an antioxidant that helps protect the body's cells from damage caused by free radicals. Vitamin A can be found in two main forms: preformed vitamin A, which is found in animal products such as dairy, fish, and meat, particularly liver; and provitamin A carotenoids, which are found in plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, and vegetable oils.

The most active form of vitamin A is retinoic acid, which plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of the heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness, dry skin, and increased susceptibility to infections. Chronic vitamin A toxicity can cause nausea, dizziness, headaches, coma, and even death.

Vitamins are organic substances that are essential in small quantities for the normal growth, development, and maintenance of life in humans. They are required for various biochemical functions in the body such as energy production, blood clotting, immune function, and making DNA.

Unlike macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), vitamins do not provide energy but they play a crucial role in energy metabolism. Humans require 13 essential vitamins, which can be divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in the body's fat tissues and liver, and can stay in the body for a longer period of time. Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex vitamins and vitamin C) are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly through diet or supplementation.

Deficiency of vitamins can lead to various health problems, while excessive intake of certain fat-soluble vitamins can also be harmful due to toxicity. Therefore, it is important to maintain a balanced diet that provides all the essential vitamins in adequate amounts.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid that is crucial for the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels in the body, which are essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth. It can be synthesized by the human body when skin is exposed to ultraviolet-B (UVB) rays from sunlight, or it can be obtained through dietary sources such as fatty fish, fortified dairy products, and supplements. There are two major forms of vitamin D: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), which is found in some plants and fungi, and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), which is produced in the skin or obtained from animal-derived foods. Both forms need to undergo two hydroxylations in the body to become biologically active as calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the hormonally active form of vitamin D. This activated form exerts its effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) found in various tissues, including the small intestine, bone, kidney, and immune cells, thereby influencing numerous physiological processes such as calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism, cell growth, and immune function.

Medical Definition of Vitamin E:

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting your body's cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules produced when your body breaks down food or is exposed to environmental toxins like cigarette smoke and radiation. Vitamin E is also involved in immune function, DNA repair, and other metabolic processes.

It is a collective name for a group of eight fat-soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form of vitamin E in humans and is the one most commonly found in supplements.

Vitamin E deficiency is rare but can occur in people with certain genetic disorders or who cannot absorb fat properly. Symptoms of deficiency include nerve and muscle damage, loss of feeling in the arms and legs, muscle weakness, and vision problems.

Food sources of vitamin E include vegetable oils (such as sunflower, safflower, and wheat germ oil), nuts and seeds (like almonds, peanuts, and sunflower seeds), and fortified foods (such as cereals and some fruit juices).

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a condition that occurs when there is a lack of vitamin A in the diet. This essential fat-soluble vitamin plays crucial roles in vision, growth, cell division, reproduction, and immune system regulation.

In its severe form, VAD leads to xerophthalmia, which includes night blindness (nyctalopia) and keratomalacia - a sight-threatening condition characterized by dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, with eventual ulceration and perforation. Other symptoms of VAD may include Bitot's spots (foamy, triangular, white spots on the conjunctiva), follicular hyperkeratosis (goose bump-like bumps on the skin), and increased susceptibility to infections due to impaired immune function.

Vitamin A deficiency is most prevalent in developing countries where diets are often low in animal source foods and high in plant-based foods with low bioavailability of vitamin A. It primarily affects children aged 6 months to 5 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Prevention strategies include dietary diversification, food fortification, and supplementation programs.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of DNA, formation of red blood cells, and maintenance of the nervous system. It is involved in the metabolism of every cell in the body, particularly affecting DNA regulation and neurological function.

Vitamin B12 is unique among vitamins because it contains a metal ion, cobalt, from which its name is derived. This vitamin can be synthesized only by certain types of bacteria and is not produced by plants or animals. The major sources of vitamin B12 in the human diet include animal-derived foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products, as well as fortified plant-based milk alternatives and breakfast cereals.

Deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to various health issues, including megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, neurological symptoms such as numbness and tingling in the extremities, memory loss, and depression. Since vitamin B12 is not readily available from plant-based sources, vegetarians and vegans are at a higher risk of deficiency and may require supplementation or fortified foods to meet their daily requirements.

Vitamin K deficiency is a condition that occurs when the body lacks adequate amounts of Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism. This can lead to an increased risk of excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) and calcification of tissues.

Vitamin K is required for the activation of several proteins involved in blood clotting, known as coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. A deficiency in Vitamin K can result in these factors remaining in their inactive forms, leading to impaired blood clotting and an increased risk of bleeding.

Vitamin K deficiency can occur due to several reasons, including malnutrition, malabsorption disorders (such as cystic fibrosis or celiac disease), liver diseases, use of certain medications (such as antibiotics or anticoagulants), and prolonged use of warfarin therapy.

In newborns, Vitamin K deficiency can lead to a serious bleeding disorder known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. This is because newborns have low levels of Vitamin K at birth, and their gut bacteria, which are responsible for producing Vitamin K, are not yet fully developed. Therefore, it is recommended that newborns receive a dose of Vitamin K within the first few days of life to prevent this condition.

Symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency can include easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, blood in urine or stools, and excessive menstrual bleeding. In severe cases, it can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage. Treatment typically involves administering Vitamin K supplements or injections to replenish the body's levels of this essential nutrient.

Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB) is a condition characterized by an insufficient amount of vitamin K in the body, leading to bleeding complications. It can be further classified into three types:

1. Early onset VKDB: This occurs in the first 24 hours of life and is often seen in infants whose mothers have taken medications that interfere with vitamin K metabolism or who are born prematurely.
2. Classic onset VKDB: This occurs between 2-7 days after birth and is most commonly seen in breastfed infants who have not received vitamin K supplementation at birth.
3. Late onset VKDB: This occurs after the first week of life and can occur up to six months of age. It is often associated with underlying medical conditions that affect vitamin K absorption or metabolism, such as liver disease, cystic fibrosis, or celiac disease.

Symptoms of VKDB may include bleeding from the umbilical cord, gastrointestinal tract, nose, or brain. Treatment typically involves administering vitamin K to stop the bleeding and prevent further complications. Prevention strategies include providing vitamin K supplementation to all newborns at birth.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in blood clotting and bone metabolism. It is essential for the production of several proteins involved in blood clotting, including factor II (prothrombin), factor VII, factor IX, and factor X. Additionally, Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of osteocalcin, a protein that contributes to bone health by regulating the deposition of calcium in bones.

There are two main forms of Vitamin K: Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), which is found primarily in green leafy vegetables and some vegetable oils, and Vitamin K2 (menaquinones), which is produced by bacteria in the intestines and is also found in some fermented foods.

Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders such as hemorrhage and excessive bruising. While Vitamin K deficiency is rare in adults, it can occur in newborns who have not yet developed sufficient levels of the vitamin. Therefore, newborns are often given a Vitamin K injection shortly after birth to prevent bleeding problems.

Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, is a type of fat-soluble vitamin K. It is the primary form of Vitamin K found in plants, particularly in green leafy vegetables such as kale, spinach, and collard greens. Vitamin K1 plays a crucial role in blood clotting and helps to prevent excessive bleeding by assisting in the production of several proteins involved in this process. It is also essential for maintaining healthy bones by aiding in the regulation of calcium deposition in bone tissue. A deficiency in Vitamin K1 can lead to bleeding disorders and, in some cases, osteoporosis.

Cottonseed oil is a type of vegetable oil that is extracted from the seeds of cotton plants. It is commonly used in cooking and food manufacturing due to its mild flavor, high smoke point, and long shelf life. Cottonseed oil is also used in the production of soaps, cosmetics, and industrial lubricants.

In a medical context, cottonseed oil is not typically used as a treatment or therapy. However, it does contain various nutrients and compounds that may have potential health benefits. For example, cottonseed oil is a good source of vitamin E, which has antioxidant properties that can help protect cells from damage. It also contains essential fatty acids like linoleic acid, which are important for maintaining heart health and reducing inflammation.

It's worth noting that cottonseed oil does contain small amounts of gossypol, a naturally occurring toxin found in cotton plants. While the levels of gossypol in cottonseed oil are generally considered safe for human consumption, high doses or long-term exposure can be harmful. Therefore, it's important to consume cottonseed oil in moderation and as part of a balanced diet.

Vitamin K2, also known as menaquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process and bone metabolism. It is one of the two main forms of Vitamin K (the other being Vitamin K1 or phylloquinone), and it is found in animal-based foods and fermented foods.

Vitamin K2 is a collective name for a group of vitamin K compounds characterized by the presence of a long-chain fatty acid attached to the molecule. The most common forms of Vitamin K2 are MK-4 and MK-7, which differ in the length of their side chains.

Vitamin K2 is absorbed more efficiently than Vitamin K1 and has a longer half-life, which means it stays in the body for a longer period. It is stored in various tissues, including bones, where it plays an essential role in maintaining bone health by assisting in the regulation of calcium deposition and helping to prevent the calcification of blood vessels and other soft tissues.

Deficiency in Vitamin K2 is rare but can lead to bleeding disorders and weakened bones. Food sources of Vitamin K2 include animal-based foods such as liver, egg yolks, and fermented dairy products like cheese and natto (a Japanese food made from fermented soybeans). Some studies suggest that supplementing with Vitamin K2 may have benefits for bone health, heart health, and cognitive function. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.

Naval medicine, also known as marine medicine or maritime medicine, is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries that occur in naval or maritime environments. This can include conditions related to sea travel, such as motion sickness, decompression sickness, and infectious diseases spread through contaminated water or food. It also covers occupational health concerns for naval personnel, including hearing loss from exposure to loud noises, respiratory problems from inhaling fumes, and musculoskeletal injuries from heavy lifting. Additionally, naval medicine may address the unique mental health challenges faced by naval personnel, such as those related to isolation, stress, and combat.

An expedition, in a medical context, is not a term that has a specific or technical meaning. The term "expedition" generally refers to a journey or voyage undertaken with a particular purpose, often to explore or discover new information or territories. In a medical or healthcare setting, an expedition might refer to a research project or mission to provide medical care and assistance in remote or underserved areas. For example, a group of doctors, nurses, and support staff might embark on a medical expedition to provide care and treatment to people living in a rural community with limited access to healthcare services. However, the use of the term "expedition" in this context is not common, and it is more likely that such a journey would be referred to as a "medical mission" or "humanitarian aid trip."

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "morale" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Morale generally refers to the overall psychological and emotional well-being or spirit of an individual or group, often in relation to their work, military service, or other collective endeavors. It encompasses factors such as confidence, motivation, and job satisfaction.

However, in a broader sense, morale can be related to mental health and well-being, which are certainly important aspects of medical care and treatment. Factors that contribute to positive morale, like social connections, meaningful activities, and a sense of purpose, can also support overall mental health and resilience.

Medical manuscripts are written documents that describe original research, analysis, or experiences in the field of medicine. These can take various forms such as:

1. Research papers: These report on original studies and include an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. They may also include tables, figures, and appendices.

2. Review articles: These provide a comprehensive overview of a specific topic in medicine, summarizing recent developments and findings from multiple sources.

3. Case reports: These describe unusual or interesting medical cases, often serving as educational tools for other healthcare professionals.

4. Clinical trials: These are detailed descriptions of clinical research studies involving human subjects, following a standardized format that includes information on the study's design, methods, results, and conclusions.

5. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: These involve a rigorous evaluation of all available evidence on a specific research question, using systematic methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant studies.

6. Letters to the editor: These are brief communications that may comment on previously published articles or raise new issues for discussion in the medical community.

Medical manuscripts must adhere to strict ethical guidelines and should be written in a clear, concise, and well-organized manner, following the standards set by reputable medical journals. They undergo rigorous peer review before publication to ensure their quality, accuracy, and relevance to the field of medicine.

The term "Arabic Medicine" refers to the medical knowledge and practices that were developed by scholars in the Islamic world, which stretched from Spain to Persia during the Middle Ages (approximately 8th to 15th centuries). This period saw a flourishing of intellectual activity in many fields, including medicine.

Arabic medicine was heavily influenced by ancient Greek and Roman medical texts, particularly those of Galen and Hippocrates. These texts were translated into Arabic and studied by Islamic scholars, who built upon this foundation to make significant contributions of their own.

One of the most famous Arabic physicians was Avicenna (Ibn Sina), who wrote the Canon of Medicine, a comprehensive medical text that was widely used in Europe and the Middle East for centuries. Other notable Arabic physicians include Al-Razi (Rhazes) and Ibn al-Nafis, who made important discoveries in anatomy and physiology.

Arabic medicine encompassed a wide range of topics, including anatomy, pharmacology, surgery, and public health. It emphasized the importance of observation, experimentation, and critical thinking in medical practice, and placed a strong emphasis on the use of rational methods to diagnose and treat illness.

Overall, Arabic medicine played a crucial role in preserving and advancing medical knowledge during the Middle Ages, and its influence can still be seen in modern medical practices today.

I believe there might be a bit of confusion in your question. A "history" in medical terms usually refers to the detailed account of a patient's symptoms, illnesses, and treatments received, which is used by healthcare professionals to understand their health status and provide appropriate care. It is not typically associated with a specific century like the 17th century.

If you are asking for information about the medical practices or significant developments in the field of medicine during the 17th century, I would be happy to provide some insight into that. The 17th century was a time of great advancement in medical knowledge and practice, with several key figures and events shaping the course of medical history.

Some notable developments in medicine during the 17th century include:

1. William Harvey's discovery of the circulation of blood (1628): English physician William Harvey published his groundbreaking work "De Motu Cordis" (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood), which described the circulatory system and the role of the heart in pumping blood throughout the body. This discovery fundamentally changed our understanding of human anatomy and physiology.
2. The development of the microscope (1600s): The invention of the microscope allowed scientists to observe structures that were previously invisible to the naked eye, such as cells, bacteria, and other microorganisms. This technology opened up new avenues of research in anatomy, physiology, and pathology, paving the way for modern medical science.
3. The establishment of the Royal Society (1660): The Royal Society, a prominent scientific organization in the UK, was founded during this century to promote scientific inquiry and share knowledge among its members. Many notable scientists and physicians, including Robert Hooke and Christopher Wren, were part of the society and contributed significantly to the advancement of medical science.
4. The Smallpox Vaccination (1796): Although this occurred near the end of the 18th century, the groundwork for Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine was laid during the 17th century. Smallpox was a significant public health issue during this time, and Jenner's development of an effective vaccine marked a major milestone in the history of medicine and public health.
5. The work of Sylvius de le Boe (1614-1672): A Dutch physician and scientist, Sylvius de le Boe made significant contributions to our understanding of human anatomy and physiology. He was the first to describe the circulation of blood in the lungs and identified the role of the liver in metabolism.

These are just a few examples of the many advancements that took place during the 17th century, shaping the course of medical history and laying the foundation for modern medicine.

... vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. As of 21 December 2018, 81 countries required food fortification ... Vitamin deficiency is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia , Michigan Medicine". www.uofmhealth.org. Retrieved 8 October 2021. "How a Vitamin B Deficiency ... Other B Vitamins (1998). "Vitamin B6". Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin ...
Severe vitamin B12 deficiency can damage nerve cells. If this happens, vitamin B12 deficiency may result in sense loss, loss of ... If vitamin B12 deficiency exists with folate deficiency, vitamin B12 should be replaced first to prevent subacute combined ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia , Michigan Medicine". www.uofmhealth.org. Retrieved 2021-10-08. "How a Vitamin B Deficiency ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Disorders of Nutrition". MSD Manual Consumer Version. Retrieved 2021-10-15. "Vitamin B12 Deficiency: ...
... such as for fortified rice or vitamin A-rich sweet potato, may be more effective in eradicating vitamin A deficiency. "Vitamin ... Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995-2005, WHO global database on vitamin A deficiency. Black ... Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues. It is common in poorer countries, ... Other causes of vitamin A deficiency are inadequate intake, fat malabsorption, or liver disorders. Deficiency impairs immunity ...
There is a rare genetic condition termed isolated vitamin E deficiency or 'ataxia with isolated with vitamin E deficiency', ... Treatment is oral vitamin E supplementation. Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency Abetalipoproteinemia Tocopherol Institute ... Vitamin E deficiency in humans is a very rare condition, occurring as a consequence of abnormalities in dietary fat absorption ... Signs of vitamin E deficiency include the following: Neuromuscular problems - such as spinocerebellar ataxia and myopathies. ...
... results from insufficient dietary vitamin K1 or vitamin K2 or both. Symptoms include bruising, petechiae, ... The prevalence of vitamin K deficiency varies by geographic region. For infants in the United States, vitamin K1 deficiency ... Vitamin K is changed to its active form in the liver by the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase. Activated vitamin K is then ... Vitamin K1-deficiency may occur by disturbed intestinal uptake (such as would occur in a bile duct obstruction), by therapeutic ...
Evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with impaired immune function. Those with vitamin D deficiency ... Vitamin D deficiency can also be caused by inadequate nutritional intake of vitamin D; disorders that limit vitamin D ... Vitamin D deficiency or hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin D level that is below normal. It most commonly occurs in people when ... Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of schizophrenia. Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin under the ...
This combination can lead to vitamin K deficiency and later onset bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the risk of blood ... Newborns are relatively vitamin K deficient for a variety of reasons: They have low vitamin K stores at birth as vitamin K ... Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) of the newborn, previously known as haemorrhagic disease of the newborn, is a rare form of ... Classical VKDB is more common and caused by the relative deficiency at birth with inadequate vitamin K intake. This is often ...
"Vitamin D in Australia" (PDF). "Vitamin D deficiency and multicultural Australia". The Medical Journal of Australia. 2001. ... Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D Sun exposure "Australian Health Survey: Biomedical Results for Nutrients, 2011-12" (PDF). ... they were considered safe from a deficiency. Nowadays through technological advancements Vitamin D deficiencies are now ... Moderate deficiency: 13 - 29nmol/L •Severe deficiency: < 13 nmol/L In 1997, the prevalence of deficiency, defined as < 50 years ...
Vitamin E deficiency TTPA "Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2017-01-19. Doerflinger N, Linder C, ... Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency or Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a rare autosomal recessive ... "Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency". NCBI Bookshelf. PMID 20301419. Retrieved 2022-11-13. Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency at ... Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene for a-tocopherol transfer protein. Symptoms manifest ...
"Vitamin deficiency". The Guardian, 6 January 2005. Retrieved 6 January 2007. Goldacre, Ben. "Working papers". The Guardian, 20 ... The real crime here is that no full-scale human trials have been funded on vitamin C to follow up Jariwalla's important finding ... Goldacre writes that Holford based this conclusion on a non-clinical study where "you tip lots of vitamin C onto HIV-infected ... He argues that "Holford was guilty of at least incompetence in claiming that this study demonstrated vitamin C to be a better ...
Holick, M. F (2007). "Vitamin D deficiency". New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (3): 266-81. doi:10.1056/NEJMra070553. PMID ... 7-Dehydrocholesterol from lanolin is used as a raw material for producing vitamin D3 by irradiation with ultraviolet light. ... also used in vitamins" (PDF). American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER). 3 (7): 33-43. Archived (PDF) from the original ...
Pancreatic cancer cell in high magnification Scurvy is a nutritional deficiency of water-soluble vitamin C or ascorbic acid. It ... Maxfield L, Crane JS (October 2022). "Vitamin C Deficiency.". StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls ...
Specific cases include: Vitamin K deficiency: In the liver, vitamin K plays an important role in the synthesis of coagulation ... The liver synthesizes inactive precursor proteins in the absence of vitamin K (liver disease). Vitamin K deficiency leads to ... Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors have a very short half-life, sometimes leading to a deficiency when a depletion of ... A vitamin K-dependent clotting factor is seldom seen as a contributor to inherited prothrombin deficiencies, but lack of ...
"Vitamin Deficiency Anemia". Mayo Clinic. Pirklbauer M (July 2020). "Hemodialysis treatment in patients with severe electrolyte ... Folate deficiency can occur in some patients having hemodialysis. Although a dyalisate fluid, which is a solution containing ...
Many South Africans also have a Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency. A serious deficiency in this vital nutrient can cause ... due to the detrimental effects of Vitamin A on the immune system. Vitamin C deficiency also has detrimental effects on the ... An additional malnutrition problem is a deficiency in vitamin A. It is especially prominent in the Northern Province, the ... West Jr., K. (1 September 2002). "Extent of Vitamin A Deficiency Among Preschool children and Women of Reproductive Age". The ...
Mayo Clinic staff (March 4, 2011). "Vitamin deficiency anemia". Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Mayo Clinic ... "Folate-deficiency anemia". National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 31 January 2010. ... Hall, C. A. (November 1975). "Transcobalamins I and II as natural transport proteins of vitamin B12". J. Clin. Invest. 56 (5): ... Griffin JH, Evatt B, Zimmerman TS, Kleiss AJ, Wideman C (1981). "Deficiency of protein C in congenital thrombotic disease". J. ...
It demonstrates the ability for humans to develop and innovate themselves out of problems, such as the deficiency of vitamin A ... "Vitamin A Deficiency". www.goldenrice.org. Retrieved 2015-10-31. "NPIC - National Pesticide Information Centre" (PDF). "The DDT ... GM crops can create many advantages, such as higher food fields, added vitamins and increased farm profits. Depending on the ... a precursor of vitamin A). This enables healthier and fulfilling lifestyles for these individuals and consequently helps to ...
Sommer, Alfred; West, Keith P. (1996). Vitamin A Deficiency. Oxford University Press. p. 352. Prabhune, Meenakshi (April 6, ... she worked with Alfred Sommer to analyze data to uncover a link between vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and an increased risk for ... "The Story of Vitamin A". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2021. Howard, Brandon (May ... Her research has also sought to find low cost interventions to reduce micronutrient deficiencies, infectious diseases, and poor ...
... vitamin D deficiency; higher levels of poverty than the figures suggest; and adverse childhood experiences. Housing in Glasgow ... vitamin D deficiency, cold winters, higher levels of poverty than the figures suggest, adverse childhood experiences and ...
Holick, Michael F. (2007). "Vitamin D Deficiency". New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (3): 266-281. doi:10.1056/NEJMra070553 ... that the UVB doses produced by tanning beds exceed what is needed for adequate vitamin D production, and that adequate vitamin ... Vitamin D is produced when the skin is exposed to UVB, whether from sunlight or an artificial source. It is needed for ... Obtaining vitamin D from indoor tanning has to be weighed against the risk of developing skin cancer. The indoor-tanning ...
... and B vitamin deficiency. The protein in cottonseed meal is also low in lysine. Glandless cottonseed was developed in the early ...
B; Smith M (2015). "Vitamins and supplements lifestyle guide. Calcium;". Sahota, O. (2014). "Understanding vitamin D deficiency ... 1-2 serves of fruit (150g) should also be consumed daily as it is essential in preventing early onset vitamin deficiencies. 1- ... Vitamin D, also coined as the sunshine vitamin, is necessary within a child's diet as it allows body tissues and in particular ... Perlstein, D. (2015). "Rickets (Calcium, Phosphate, or Vitamin D Deficiency) Pg 1". Inglis, V.; Ball, K.; Crawford, D. (2005 ...
"Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)". Vitamin Deficiency Info (blog). Retrieved 2 January 2023. Saloheimo P (2005). "[Captain Cook ... Many health benefits have been claimed for sauerkraut: It is a high source of vitamins C and K; the fermentation process ...
Similarly, vitamin A deficiency can cause an increase in the severity of diarrheal episodes. However, there is some discrepancy ... Rice AL, West KP, Black RE (2004). "Vitamin A deficiency" (PDF). In Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJ (eds.). ... West KP (September 2002). "Extent of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children and women of reproductive age". The Journal ... "Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency". The American ...
Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the diet. A long-term deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to ... "Vitamin B12 deficiency" (PDF). BMJ. 349: g5226. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5226. PMID 25189324. S2CID 28782021. Archived from the ... Atrophic gastritis, particularly in the elderly, will cause an inability to absorb B12 and can lead to deficiencies such as ... In pernicious anemia, autoantibodies directed against parietal cells or intrinsic factor cause a reduction in vitamin B12 ...
Ting RZ, Szeto CC, Chan MH, Ma KK, Chow KM (October 2006). "Risk factors of vitamin B(12) deficiency in patients receiving ... May 2010). "Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised ... Higher doses and prolonged use are associated with increased incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency, and some researchers ... Andrès E, Noel E, Goichot B (October 2002). "Metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency". Archives of Internal Medicine. 162 ( ...
Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine deficiency) was reported to cause seizures, especially in alcoholics. Vitamin B6 depletion ( ... pyridoxine deficiency) was reported to be associated with pyridoxine-dependent seizures. Vitamin B12 deficiency was reported to ... Yavuz, Halûk (2008). "Vitamin B12 deficiency and seizures". Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 50 (9): 720. doi: ... Kumar, S (2004). "Recurrent seizures: an unusual manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency". Neurology India. 52 (1): 122-3. PMID ...
Hastings, V. E. (1938). "Cancer And Vitamin A Deficiency". The British Medical Journal. 1 (4042): 1390. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4042. ...
... tuberculosis and vitamin D deficiency. His study was the first of its kind which documented the widespread deficiency of ... Sasidharan, P.K; Vijayakumari V; Rajeev E (April 2002). "Tuberculosis and Vitamin D deficiency". J Assoc Physicians India. 50 ( ... the most prominent among them being the landmark study on Vitamin D deficiency in Tuberculosis which established the link ... Besides these, there are original studies on B12 deficiency, reversal of diabetes, reversal of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ...
Vitamin D deficiency can occur. Vitamin D binding protein is lost. Hypocalcaemia: lack of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (the way ... In addition to these key imbalances, vitamin D and calcium are also taken orally in case the alteration of vitamin D causes ... Hypothyroidism: deficiency of the thyroglobulin transport protein thyroxin (a glycoprotein that is rich in iodine and is found ... that vitamin D is stored in the body). As vitamin D regulates the amount of calcium present in the blood, a decrease in its ...
... deficiency) can affect your bones and overall health. Learn who is at risk, how much vitamin D you need, and how to get enough. ... What is vitamin D deficiency?. Vitamin D deficiency means that your body is not getting enough vitamin D to stay healthy. ... What causes vitamin D deficiency?. You can become deficient in vitamin D for different reasons:. *You dont get enough vitamin ... What problems does vitamin D deficiency cause?. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a loss of bone density, which can contribute ...
Dr David Johnson on why we should consider vitamin D supplementation beyond its benefits for bone health. ... to determine colorectal cancer risk at various ranges of vitamin D. They used the traditional measure for vitamin D deficiency ... This new study supports the idea that vitamin D deficiency makes a difference. Researchers pooled data from 17 study cohorts ( ... Cite this: Vitamin D Deficiency Elevates Colorectal Cancer Risk - Medscape - Nov 15, 2018. ...
... deficiency can occur in any age group but is encountered most often in infancy. VK, an essential, lipid-soluble vitamin that ... encoded search term (Vitamin K Deficiency) and Vitamin K Deficiency What to Read Next on Medscape ... Morbidity correlates with the severity of vitamin K deficiency. The risk of developing vitamin K deficiency bleeding is 81 ... Vitamin K prophylaxis for prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding: a systematic review. J Perinatol. 2016 May. 36 Suppl 1: ...
... vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. As of 21 December 2018, 81 countries required food fortification ... Vitamin deficiency is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia , Michigan Medicine". www.uofmhealth.org. Retrieved 8 October 2021. "How a Vitamin B Deficiency ... Other B Vitamins (1998). "Vitamin B6". Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin ...
... using serum cobalamin assay to diagnosis vitamin B12 deficiency has its limitations. "Functional" vitamin B12 deficiency is a ... Autonomic dysfunction in vitamin B12 deficiency: a heart rate variability study. J Auton Nerv Syst 1998;71:25-7.. 5- Aytemir K ... The clinical review of vitamin B12 deficiency by Hunt et al was concise and informative. However, it did not mention autonomic ... The exact mechanism of excessive sweating in vitamin-B12 deficiency is a matter of speculation and will require further studies ...
Late Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Infants Whose Parents Declined Vitamin K Prophylaxis - Tennessee, 2013. Vitamin K ... Sutor AH, Kries R, Cornelissen EAM, McNinch AW, Andrew M. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in infancy. Thromb Haemost 1999; ... In adults, vitamin K is absorbed from food and from vitamin K synthesized by gut bacteria. However, placental transfer in ... Zipursky A. Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns. Br J Haematol 1999;104:430-7. ...
Learn about vitamin K deficiency in adults and infants. ... The main symptom of a vitamin K deficiency is bleeding caused ... Vitamin K deficiency is much more likely to occur in infants. When it does, it is known as vitamin K deficiency bleeding or ... Vitamin K deficiency in adults is very rare, as most people get sufficient vitamin K from their diet. If a deficiency does ... What is vitamin B12 deficiency?. Medically reviewed by Emelia Arquilla, DO. Vitamin B12 is crucial for the formation of red ...
What causes vitamin D deficiency? Learn the signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency including fatigue, depression, and other ... Could you be at risk for vitamin D deficiency? ... The Vitamin D Council. How do I get the vitamin D my body needs ... What are signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?. The symptoms of vitamin D deficiency can be nonspecific such as fatigue, ... Other people who have vitamin D deficiency may not notice any symptoms. People with a severe vitamin D deficiency can have ...
Conventional wisdom says that oral B12 is too poorly absorbed to be able to correct a deficiency. Is that really true? ... Cite this: Treating Vitamin B12 Deficiency: What Formulation Is Best? - Medscape - Mar 09, 2020. ... Metformin Use Linked to Worse Cognition, B-Vitamin Deficiency * 2001. High Rates of B Vitamin Deficiency in Teens With Mental ...
... had substantial improvement in their symptoms of depression after they received treatment for their vitamin D deficiency, a new ... Because the women had risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, such as low vitamin D intake and poor sun exposure, they each ... Levels below 21 ng/mL are considered vitamin D deficiency, and normal vitamin D levels are above 30 ng/mL, according to The ... Treating vitamin D deficiency may improve depression. Date:. June 25, 2012. Source:. Endocrine Society. Summary:. Women with ...
To assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and tuberculosis disease progression, we studied vitamin D levels in a ... Gibney KB, MacGregor L, Leder K, Torresi J, Marshall C, Ebeling PR, Vitamin D deficiency is associated with tuberculosis and ... for a relative 1-log decrement in vitamin D levels, which suggests that vitamin D deficiency might be a strong risk factor for ... Vitamin D deficiency in an ample sunlight country. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2009;19:267-8.PubMedGoogle Scholar ...
... higher for subjects with vitamin D deficiency at the start of the study than for subjects with normal vitamin D levels and 77% ... Vitamin D deficiency increases risk of losing muscle strength by 78%. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo ... Vitamin D deficiency increases risk of losing muscle strength by 78% Researchers in Brazil and the UK analyzed data for more ... There are many more days of sunlight per year in Brazil, and yet were known to have a high incidence of vitamin D deficiency ...
The proper diagnostic term that has been adopted is currently vitamin K deficiency bleeding because vitamin K deficiency is not ... Late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the newborn. Late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding usually occurs between age 2- ... Early-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the newborn. Early-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding usually occurs during first ... Classic vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the newborn. Classic vitamin K deficiency bleeding usually occurs after 24 hours after ...
Learn more from WebMD about how to get plenty of vitamin D, and how to treat a vitamin D deficiency. ... Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones, and a lack of it can lead to health problems, including cardiovascular disease. ... Treatment for Vitamin D Deficiency. Treatment for vitamin D deficiency involves getting more vitamin D -- through diet and ... Tests for Vitamin D Deficiency. The most accurate way to measure how much vitamin D is in your body is the 25-hydroxy vitamin D ...
Efforts to tackle obesity should thus also help to reduce levels of vitamin D deficiency in the population, says the lead ... Obesity can lead to a lack of vitamin D circulating in the body, a new study suggests. ... Link Between Neonatal Vitamin D Deficiency and Schizophrenia Confirmed. Dec. 6, 2018 Newborns with vitamin D deficiency have an ... Vitamin D deficiency is a growing public health concern, and there is evidence that vitamin D metabolism, storage and action ...
This article explains some of the symptoms and causes of vitamin D deficiency, as well as how to treat it. ... Vitamin D deficiency is incredibly common in Western countries. ... While vitamin D deficiency may be seen in cases of obesity, ... Vitamin D deficiency occurs when the body doesnt get enough vitamin D from sunlight or diet. Vitamin D deficiency can cause ... 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, or calcitriol. The most common test for vitamin D deficiency is the 25-hydroxy vitamin D test. This ...
... vitamin B1) many years ago. It functions as a catalyst in the generation of energy through decarboxylation of branched-chain ... Review Chapter 30: historical aspects of the major neurological vitamin deficiency disorders: the water-soluble B vitamins.[ ... Review Chapter 30: historical aspects of the major neurological vitamin deficiency disorders: the water-soluble B vitamins.. ... Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency. Kimberly D. Wiley; Mohit Gupta.. Author Information and Affiliations. Authors. Kimberly D. ...
All posts tagged with vitamin C deficiency. * Study finds people with type 2 diabetes and obesity have lower vitamin C levels. ... Natural News) Vitamin C gets a lot of buzz during cold season, but it turns out that the nutrient also has a substantial effect ... Natural News) A recent study out of New Zealand has found an inverse relationship between the levels of vitamin C in a persons ... in: Food, Health, Mental Health, nervous system, Nutrition, Superfoods & healing foods, Vitamin C ...
... were rigorously reviewed and revised by a working group and presented for discussion at the XX International Vitamin A ... Comprehensive recommendations for the assessment and control of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) ... Assessment and control of vitamin A deficiency: the Annecy Accords J Nutr. 2002 Sep;132(9 Suppl):2845S-2850S. doi: 10.1093/jn/ ... Fortification, supplementation, or other means of increasing vitamin A intake are needed to correct widespread deficiency. To ...
... is a B-complex vitamin involved in over 150 enzyme reactions. Here are 9 signs and symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency. ... Vitamin B deficiencies can cause a wide range of symptoms. Learn the importance of each B vitamin, their deficiency symptoms, ... One reason B6 deficiency may result in skin rashes is that the vitamin helps synthesize collagen, which is needed for healthy ... Vitamin B6 deficiency may lead to a variety of signs and symptoms, including skin rashes, mood changes, and low energy. To ...
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause various clinical manifestations. Are you familiar with risk factors, key aspects of ... Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause various neurologic diseases and other clinical manifestations. Its incidence widely varies on ... In the United States and the United Kingdom, the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in individuals aged , 60 years is ... Are you familiar with risk factors for the development of vitamin B12 deficiency, as well as related key aspects, clinical ...
... deficiency) can affect your bones and overall health. Learn who is at risk, how much vitamin D you need, and how to get enough. ... What is vitamin D deficiency?. Vitamin D deficiency means that your body is not getting enough vitamin D to stay healthy. ... What causes vitamin D deficiency?. You can become deficient in vitamin D for different reasons:. *You dont get enough vitamin ... What problems does vitamin D deficiency cause?. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a loss of bone density, which can contribute ...
Its the vitamin that we get from the sun, yet despite its ample availability, one in three Australian adults still suffer from ... "While severe vitamin D deficiency is rarer in Australia than elsewhere in the world, it can still affect those who have health ... Vitamin D deficiency linked to premature death. October 26, 2022. University of South Australia ... "Vitamin D deficiency has been connected with mortality, but as clinical trials have often failed to recruit people with low ...
Here we break down the best foods to eat for every vitamin deficiency and what pairings are best for maximum nutrient ... Best Foods to Eat for Every Vitamin Deficiency. Experts Reveal the Foods That Can Help You Cover All Your Vitamin Bases. ... and simply cover your bases when it comes to common vitamin deficiencies - from vitamin A to Omega-3 and everything in between. ... Still, common vitamin deficiencies can lurk under the surface if youre not pairing your food properly. It might sound a little ...
Vitamin D status of Asian mothers in Cardiff was investigated during early pregnancy and at the time of the birth of their ... Vitamin D deficiency: a concern in pregnant Asian women Br J Nutr. 1995 Jun;73(6):881-7. doi: 10.1079/bjn19950093. ... These findings suggest that subclinical vitamin D deficiency is still a cause for concern in Asian women. More active measures ... Vitamin D status of Asian mothers in Cardiff was investigated during early pregnancy and at the time of the birth of their ...
... is a vitamin K-dependent proenzyme that functions in the blood coagulation cascade. Factor II deficiency is a rare, inherited ... Vitamins, Fat-Soluble. Class Summary. Fat-soluble vitamins may play essential role in the function of clotting factors. ... encoded search term (Factor II Deficiency) and Factor II Deficiency What to Read Next on Medscape ... Factor II Deficiency Medication. Updated: Mar 16, 2021 * Author: Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH; Chief Editor: Perumal Thiagarajan ...
Learn about Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency, including symptoms, causes, and treatments. If you or a loved one is affected by ... Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency. Medline Plus. Updated Dec 1, 2015. Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics ... Vitamin E deficiency often occurs secondary to disorders that impair the absorption of vitamin E from fat including liver ... Premature infants may have low vitamin E levels due to small amounts of vitamin E cross the placenta. In rare cases vitamin E ...
The most important treatment for Vitamin A deficiency is changing the turtles diet to include adequate amounts of Vitamin A. ... As this supply of Vitamin A is depleted, the turtle must eat foods with adequate amounts of vitamin A. Good sources of Vitamin ... Vitamin A toxicity) presents similar to Vitamin A deficiency with red, inflamed skin which frequently sloughs. ... The symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency are very similar to the symptoms for other diseases so it is important to rule out other ...
Vitamin B2 Deficiency. George E. Meinig, DDS / March 31, 2005. Published on the Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation website, ... This is not a vitamin B2 deficiency but of course both things could exist at the same time. ... This vitamin is lost in the refining of grain, exposure of food to sunlight, and some of it is lost by heating food and when it ... When the corners of the mouth are cracked it is common to see that skin and eyes are also often involved with deficiencies of ...
Seventy-five percent of mothers had vitamin D deficiency, and 26 percent had blood vitamin D levels considered very low. Only ... "Vitamin D deficiency is the major cause of rickets around the world, but rickets may be just the tip of the iceberg," says Dr. ... "Vitamin D deficiency is also common in Arab women during pregnancy and is detrimental to the health of both mother and child," ... Vitamin D deficiency is largely due to how Arab women dress outdoors - preventing exposure of the skin to sunlight - and low ...
  • You can get vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are also vitamin D supplements, both in pills and in a liquid for babies. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you have vitamin D deficiency, the treatment is with supplements. (medlineplus.gov)
  • According to the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) , vitamin K deficiency is very rare in the United States. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • For more in-depth resources about vitamins, minerals, and supplements, visit our dedicated hub . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • People can also take vitamin K supplements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Taking vitamin D supplements are another way to get vitamin D. Some foods contains vitamin D, but food alone will not provide enough vitamin D. (medicinenet.com)
  • It is possible to have too much vitamin D. This most commonly occurs when people take too many vitamin D supplements. (medicinenet.com)
  • A study from the University of Milan found that taking vitamin D supplements led to weight loss in obese and overweight people who had vitamin D deficiency. (medicinenet.com)
  • The researchers believe that vitamin D supplements help weight loss and enhances the effects of a lower-calorie diet. (medicinenet.com)
  • The researchers suggest that obese people should be checked for vitamin D deficiency and if the condition is present, begin taking supplements. (medicinenet.com)
  • However, because we knew there are many worldwide cases of people with osteoporosis who take vitamin supplements, we needed to try to measure the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation," said Maicon Luís Bicigo Delinocente , first author of the article. (eurekalert.org)
  • Treatment for vitamin D deficiency involves getting more vitamin D -- through diet and supplements. (webmd.com)
  • Office of Dietary Supplements: "Dietary Supplement Sheet: Vitamin D. (webmd.com)
  • Vitamin D, which is essential for healthy bones as well as other functions, is made in the skin after exposure to sunlight but can also be obtained through the diet and through supplements. (sciencedaily.com)
  • While experiments in rats have suggested that large doses of vitamin D2 can boost the amount of energy they burn, trials testing the effect of vitamin D supplements on weight loss in obese or overweight people have not shown any consistent findings. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, it is important to note that taking vitamin D supplements - at any dosage - will not prevent COVID-19 ( 2 ). (healthline.com)
  • To improve the status of young infants, the vitamin A supplements provided to mothers during their first 6 wk postpartum and to young infants during their first 6 mo of life should be doubled. (nih.gov)
  • According to Trista Best, MPH, RD, LD, Environmental Health Specialist, and Adjunct Nutrition Professor and Registered Dietitian at Balance One Supplements , iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide - with nearly 50 percent of preschool-age children being iron deficient because their diets commonly lack iron - and drinking calcium-rich milk can block iron absorption. (askmen.com)
  • It may be helpful to bring any supplements, such as vitamin or mineral powders, fed to your turtle when you visit your veterinarian. (petplace.com)
  • Only 25 percent had taken vitamin D supplements during pregnancy, and 47 percent were taking supplements postpartum. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • You can also take Vitamin D supplements after consulting your doctor to increase the intake of this vitamin. (indiatimes.com)
  • "Vitamin D is important to the function of the immune system and vitamin D supplements have previously been shown to lower the risk of viral respiratory tract infections," ​said Dr Meltzer. (nutraingredients.com)
  • While our bodies do manufacture vitamin D on exposure to sunshine, the levels in some northern countries are so weak during the winter months that our body makes no vitamin D at all, meaning that dietary supplements and fortified foods are seen by many as the best way to boost intakes of vitamin D. (nutraingredients.com)
  • the evidence supporting a protective effect of vitamin D against severe COVID‐19 disease is very suggestive, a substantial proportion of the population in the Northern Hemisphere will currently be vitamin D deficient, and supplements, for example, 1000 international units (25 micrograms) per day are very safe. (nutraingredients.com)
  • But first, let's share the top 5 supplements for hair loss from vitamin D deficiency. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Vitamin D supplements are available in two forms: cholecalciferol (vitamin D) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D). (discovermagazine.com)
  • The next step is to conduct randomized clinical trials of vitamin D supplements in pregnant women who are vitamin D deficient, in order to examine the impact on child brain development and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. (scienceblog.com)
  • The sun is not the sole source of vitamin D. Many foods including salmon, eggs, milk and Portobello mushrooms also provide vitamin D. Another option is supplements as they are effective and low-risk, provided they are used as directed and a physician is consulted in advance. (worldhealth.net)
  • Outside of taking actual vitamin B2 supplements, there are also a ton of everyday foods that include vitamin B2. (fitday.com)
  • Because of that, there is a chance that you might suffer from vitamin B2 deficiency if you do not eat the right types of foods or take vitamin B2 supplements. (fitday.com)
  • And just a note: if by the end of this article you're a bit paranoid about your own vitamin deficiencies, skip the supplements aisle and instead check out our complete guide to getting all your nutrients from food. (popsci.com)
  • Disclaimer: Material provided on vitamins-minerals-supplements.org website is provided for educational purposes only. (vitamins-minerals-supplements.org)
  • A substantial proportion of the population in the Northern Hemisphere will currently be vitamin D deficient, and supplements eg. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The guidelines on vitamin D will enable primary health care centres, which are the cornerstone of the National Health Strategy that was launched in collaboration with WHO, to support in screening for vitamin D deficiency and providing needed supplements, further contributing to improved health outcomes. (who.int)
  • Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency usually results from inadequate absorption, but deficiency can develop in vegans who do not take vitamin supplements. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In such cases, crystalline vitamin B12 (such as that available in vitamin supplements) can be absorbed, but food-bound vitamin B12 is not liberated and absorbed normally. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Vitamin E has been demonstrated to inhibit platelet adhesion, as measured by a laminar flow chamber when blood from patients who have taken vitamin E supplements is tested. (medscape.com)
  • Increasing awareness of the rationale for and importance of vitamin D supplements for all breastfed infants and children should reduce the incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets and prevent bone deformity . (bvsalud.org)
  • Nonetheless, it raises the bar for vitamin D supplementation in our patients. (medscape.com)
  • I've also used supplementation in patients with diverticulitis , which we know to occur more frequently in patients with lower vitamin D. When you get into some of the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D on proliferation, differentiation, barrier function, and immune response, it makes sense to start looking at this in inflammatory/infectious disease as well. (medscape.com)
  • When vitamin K supplementation is given after the birth for early-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding, it may be too late to prevent this disease, especially if vitamin K supplementation was not provided during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Fortification, supplementation, or other means of increasing vitamin A intake are needed to correct widespread deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • Excessive supplementation with vitamin powders or liver can result in hypervitaminosis A (excess Vitamin A). (petplace.com)
  • It is important to check the vitamin dose with your veterinarian periodically, because as your turtle begins to eat a more healthy diet, the dose of vitamin powder needs to be decreased to avoid health problems associated with over-supplementation. (petplace.com)
  • Pancake tortoises seem to be especially sensitive to over supplementation with Vitamin A. Hypervitaminosis A (Vitamin A toxicity) presents similar to Vitamin A deficiency with red, inflamed skin which frequently sloughs. (petplace.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency is largely due to how Arab women dress outdoors - preventing exposure of the skin to sunlight - and low levels of supplementation, according to Adekunle Dawodu, MD , a physician in the Center for Global Child Health at Cincinnati Children's and lead author of the study. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • The problem can be addressed by either vitamin D supplementation or having expectant mothers expose their skin modestly to sunlight in private, such as the privacy of their own courtyards. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • No infants had been exposed to sunlight or received vitamin D supplementation. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Heightened awareness of the problem by health care providers and caregivers and corrective vitamin D supplementation starting during pregnancy would help prevent deficiency in mothers and infants in this setting. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • A wave of scientific publications has suggested that vitamin D3 supplementation could be a potentially promising and safe approach to reduce risk of COVID-19 infections and deaths. (nutraingredients.com)
  • It is time for governments to strengthen recommendations for vitamin D intake and supplementation, particularly when under lock‐down. (nutraingredients.com)
  • As the developing fetus is totally reliant on mother's vitamin D stores, our findings suggest that ensuring pregnant women have adequate levels of vitamin D may result in the prevention of some schizophrenia cases, in a manner comparable to the role folate supplementation has played in the prevention of spina bifida. (scienceblog.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency may play an important role in the severity of COVID-19 infections so supplementation should be strongly advised at this time, according to researchers who studied mortality rates across the globe. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Mortality rates from COVID-19 are higher at these latitudes, with the exception of Nordic countries, where vitamin D supplementation is widespread and deficiency much less common. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The report argues that further research is 'urgently needed' to assess whether there may be a correlation between vitamin D status and severity of COVID-19 but says that, in the meantime, governments should be advocating supplementation of the vitamin. (nutraingredients.com)
  • It is time for governments to strengthen recommendations for vitamin D intake and supplementation, particularly when under lock-down Vitamin D deficiency correlates with poor sunlight exposure, age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and ethnicity-all features associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Dr Laird adds that whilst vitamin D can be consumed through the diet, supplementation can help ensure sufficient levels in the bloodstream. (nutraingredients.com)
  • However, supplementation is the best means of ensuring sufficient Vitamin D blood levels. (nutraingredients.com)
  • "Our findings provide further rationale to explore the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease," ​wrote the researchers, led by Harvey Kaufman, MD, from Quest Diagnostics and Michael Holick, PhD, MD, professor of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Molecular Medicine at Boston University Medical Campus. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • In the interim, the authors recommend responsible vitamin D supplementation based on personal needs, risk factors, and advice from personal physicians in accordance with existing Endocrine Society Guidelines. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Sohl concluded, " Vitamin D supplementation could provide a way to prevent physical decline, but the idea needs to be explored further with additional studies. (themedguru.com)
  • Dr Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan noted what has been achieved for Lebanon in terms of guideline development, emphasizing the participatory approach with key stakeholders and saying that, "The guidelines will fill a major knowledge and care gap by providing recommendations that can help shape the vitamin D supplementation public health policy in Lebanon. (who.int)
  • The experts' discussion on anemia looked into the implementation of policies and interventions including fortification and supplementation to address anemia and other micronutrient deficiencies of concern. (who.int)
  • He was started on vitamin D supplementation 800 IU daily. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, current literature suggests that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of developing caries lesions. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the United States , prolonged breastfeeding without vitamin D supplementation is a major risk factor . (bvsalud.org)
  • Vitamin fortification programs exist in one or more countries for folate, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. As of 21 December 2018, 81 countries required food fortification with one or more vitamins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most people get enough B6 in their diet, but if you are deficient in other B complex vitamins, such as folate and B12, you're more likely to be deficient in vitamin B6 as well ( 1 ). (healthline.com)
  • Notably, deficiencies of riboflavin, folate , iron and other nutrients can also cause this condition, as can sunny, dry or windy weather and other external factors ( 13 , 14 ). (healthline.com)
  • Deficiencies of other nutrients, including folate and B12 , can also result in this condition. (healthline.com)
  • would likely result in a deficiency in vitamin B12 , folate, and iron. (brainmass.com)
  • A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health now estimates that this trend could put tens of millions of people at new risk of deficiencies in major B vitamins including thiamin, riboflavin, and folate. (harvard.edu)
  • On average, rising carbon dioxide levels could lead to an additional 132 million people with folate deficiency, 67 million more with thiamin deficiency, and 40 million more with riboflavin deficiency, the study found. (harvard.edu)
  • Quantifying one small portion of the health burden related to these changes, the study estimated that folate deficiency among mothers could lead to a 0.5% increase in neural tube birth defects, which translates roughly to an additional 27,900 life-years lost annually and 260 more deaths every year. (harvard.edu)
  • Vitamin B9 (folate or folic acid) plays a key role in fertility, pregnancy and the health of the baby. (preeclampsia.org)
  • Folate ( folic acid ) should not be used instead of vitamin B12 because folate may alleviate the anemia but allow neurologic deficits to progress. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Vitamins Vitamins may be Fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K) Water soluble (B vitamins and vitamin C) The B vitamins include biotin, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (B2), thiamin (B1). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Folate belongs to the group of water-soluble B vitamins that occur naturally in food. (cdc.gov)
  • Your body forms vitamin D naturally after exposure to sunlight. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Older adults, because your skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as when you were young, and your kidneys are less able to convert vitamin D to its active form. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The human body is designed to obtain its vitamin D from sunlight. (medicinenet.com)
  • The body produces vitamin D on its own when bare skin is exposed to sunlight. (medicinenet.com)
  • There are many more days of sunlight per year in Brazil, and yet we're known to have a high incidence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, especially among older people. (eurekalert.org)
  • Our body only synthesizes vitamin D when large areas of skin are exposed to sunlight, Alexandre recalled. (eurekalert.org)
  • Known as the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D is produced by the body in response to skin being exposed to sunlight. (webmd.com)
  • Because the body makes vitamin D when your skin is exposed to sunlight, you may be at risk of deficiency if you are homebound, live in northern latitudes, wear long robes or head coverings for religious reasons, or have an occupation that prevents sun exposure. (webmd.com)
  • During the winter, vitamin D deficiency can be more prevalent because there is less sunlight available. (webmd.com)
  • The pigment melanin reduces the skin's ability to make vitamin D in response to sunlight exposure. (webmd.com)
  • It has also been suggested that obesity could result from an excessive adaptive winter response, and that the decline in vitamin D skin synthesis from less exposure to sunlight contributes to the tendency to put on weight during colder seasons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency occurs when the body doesn't get enough vitamin D from sunlight or diet. (healthline.com)
  • Vitamin D is sometimes called the sunshine vitamin because your body makes it from cholesterol when your skin is exposed to sunlight ( 1 ). (healthline.com)
  • Even though sunlight, the prominent source of Vitamin D, is available to us in abundance, most people across the globe are deficient in this sunshine vitamin. (indiatimes.com)
  • In summers it is still easy to get the daily recommended RDI for the Vitamin D through exposure to sunlight. (indiatimes.com)
  • Sunlight is the best source of Vitamin D. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, our body converts cholesterol to the D Vitamin. (indiatimes.com)
  • The best way to treat vitamin D deficiency is to get more sunlight or take a supplement. (discovermagazine.com)
  • However, the body's main source of vitamin D is through exposure to sunlight. (discovermagazine.com)
  • When you are exposed to sunlight, your skin produces cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D. This vitamin is then transported to the liver where it is converted into calcifediol. (discovermagazine.com)
  • If you are unable to get enough vitamin D from sunlight or food sources, you may need to take a supplement. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Cholecalciferol is the form of vitamin D that is produced in the skin when exposed to sunlight. (discovermagazine.com)
  • The study states that all countries that lie below a latitude of 35 degrees North have relatively low mortality from COVID-19, whereas people in countries that lie thirty-five degrees North and above receive insufficient sunlight for adequate vitamin D levels in winter and spring. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The National Health Service has also recommended everyone consider taking 10 micrograms of vitamin D a day during lockdown as they may not be getting enough vitamin D from sunlight if they're indoors most of the day. (nutraingredients.com)
  • By smothering her daughter in factor-50 sun screen she deprived the youngster of vitamin D, which is produced by the body as a reaction to sunlight on the skin. (ecochildsplay.com)
  • British health officials now recommend people spend 15 minutes outside during peak sun hours three times a week to prevent vitamin D deficiency, as sunlight is responsible for 90 percent of our vitamin D intake. (ecochildsplay.com)
  • said the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in countries having four seasons with limited exposure to sunlight, for instance, in European countries, North America, and some parts of Australia. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Approximately 40% of the U.S. population is deficient in Vitamin D. Often referred to as the 'sunshine vitamin,' vitamin D plays a pivotal role in our overall well-being, influencing everything from bone health to immune function and mood regulation. (discovermagazine.com)
  • There are a few different reasons why someone might be deficient in vitamin D. (discovermagazine.com)
  • If you are deficient in vitamin D, your body will be less able to absorb calcium, leading to weak bones. (discovermagazine.com)
  • And with half of Americans deficient in Vitamin D, understanding whether treating Vitamin D deficiency changes COVID-19 risk could be of great importance locally, nationally and globally, said Dr Meltzer. (nutraingredients.com)
  • In fact, it is estimated that one billion people worldwide are deficient in vitamin D. (discovermagazine.com)
  • An individual who is deficient in vitamin D should have his levels checked. (worldhealth.net)
  • Natural News) Vitamin C gets a lot of buzz during cold season, but it turns out that the nutrient also has a substantial effect on the human brain. (naturalnews.com)
  • Vitamin D is an important nutrient that helps maintain good health and keep our bones and muscles strong and healthy. (scienceblog.com)
  • Vitamin D is a nutrient that you need to get in enough quantity daily to keep your bone and muscles healthy. (indiatimes.com)
  • Aching muscles can be a sign of vitamin D deficiency because this nutrient is essential for keeping your muscles healthy. (discovermagazine.com)
  • A sweaty head can be a sign of vitamin D levels low because this nutrient is essential for keeping your body cool. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Although anyone can develop a deficiency due to how widespread the vitamin D nutrient gap is, there are a few key risk factors that make a person more prone to it. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • Researchers in both studies found that countries where people had lower levels of vitamin D had a higher rate of severe COVID-19 cases and deaths than countries where people had higher levels of the nutrient. (insider.com)
  • Two new studies linked vitamin D deficiency with coronavirus risks, suggesting that not having enough of the nutrient could mean people are more likely to experience serious complications if they are infected. (insider.com)
  • The analysis revealed subjects in the age bracket of 65 to 88 years with the lowest vitamin D levels were 1.7 times inclined to have at least one physical limitation as opposed to those with highest of the nutrient. (themedguru.com)
  • The body manufactures vitamin D when exposed to sunshine, but people are spending more time indoors and are deficient of the nutrient. (themedguru.com)
  • A sweaty head or sweaty scalp is characterised as an early sign of vitamin D deficiency. (indiatimes.com)
  • They warn that neonatal tremor may be an early clinical sign of vitamin D deficiency and that such deficiency should be considered when tremors occur in a full-term neonate who lacks other indicators of pathology. (medscape.com)
  • Endocrine disorders such as vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency can lead to loss of bone mineral density as well as a reduction in muscle mass, strength and function," he said. (eurekalert.org)
  • The results proved that the risk of muscle weakness is heightened by both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, Alexandre said. (eurekalert.org)
  • Another conclusion to be derived from the results of the study is that it's important to take vitamin D if you have a deficiency or insufficiency," he added. (eurekalert.org)
  • 30 nmol/L, respectively) were found to be common (44% and 15%, respectively), and compared to those with sufficient status, participants with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency had strongly increased respiratory mortality. (nutraingredients.com)
  • New study reveals that nearly 1 billion people worldwide are likely to have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency as a result of chronic disease and inadequate sun exposure. (worldhealth.net)
  • The study also determined that a whopping 95% of African American adults might have vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. (worldhealth.net)
  • Any insufficiency in Vitamin D absorption is hazardous to health and associated with the risk of disease, cancer, and disorders like osteoporosis. (cancertutor.com)
  • With 41% of American adults meeting the criteria for clinical insufficiency 1 , and an alarming 93-plus% failing to consume just 400 IU of vitamin D per day 2 , it's possible you may need more of the sunshine vitamin yourself. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • Even that 30 ng/ml benchmark is really the bare minimum (because it's the cutoff for clinical vitamin D insufficiency), which is not ideal. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • Roughly 41% of American adults meet the criteria for clinical insufficiency and 29% for deficiency. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified as a primary deficiency, whereas when due to an underlying disorder such as malabsorption it is called a secondary deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the women had risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, such as low vitamin D intake and poor sun exposure, they each underwent a 25-hydroxyvitamin D blood test. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Worldwide, thiamine deficiency is primarily due to inadequate dietary intake, specifically in diets comprised mainly of polished rice and grains. (nih.gov)
  • More active measures need to be taken to implement current recommendations to improve their vitamin D intake in pregnancy. (nih.gov)
  • Hypovitaminosis A is a common problem in pet turtles caused by inadequate Vitamin A intake in the diet. (petplace.com)
  • Increasing concern for sunscreen use, reduced intake of Vitamin D in food and the increase in people working and playing indoors continues to contribute to the continued epidemic of Vitamin D deficiency. (cancertutor.com)
  • 8 ) A powerful immune supporting protein that requires a steady intake of Vitamin D3 is GcMAF. (cancertutor.com)
  • Vitamin D supplement intervention with intake of 800 UI per day in six weeks improved the insulin resistance on the teenagers. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Liver vitamin B12 stores can normally sustain physiologic needs for 3 to 5 years if B12 intake stops (eg, in people who become vegans) and for months to 1 year if enterohepatic reabsorption capacity is absent. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inadequate vitamin B12 intake is possible in vegans but is otherwise unlikely. (msdmanuals.com)
  • [ 6 , 7 ] Several epidemiologic studies have indicated that high dietary intake of vitamin E is associated with high serum concentrations of alpha tocopherol, as well as with lower rates of ischemic heart disease. (medscape.com)
  • ABSTRACT Nutritional rickets is the failure of normal bone formation in children , caused by vitamin D deficiency , low calcium intake, or a combination of both. (bvsalud.org)
  • Symptoms of bone pain and muscle weakness can mean you have a vitamin D deficiency. (webmd.com)
  • As per data, about 1 billion people worldwide have low blood levels of the vitamin, which make them more prone to loss of bone density, muscle weakness and fatigue. (indiatimes.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency can lead to muscle weakness and pain. (discovermagazine.com)
  • A deficiency of Vitamin E in the body can lead to muscle weakness, loss of sensation and dry skin, wrinkles and premature aging. (indiatimes.com)
  • An individual who is vitamin D deficient or insufficient is more prone to bone fractures and muscle weakness. (worldhealth.net)
  • Abnormalities relating vitamin E deficiency progress from hyporeflexia, ataxia, limitation in upward gaze, and strabismus to long-tract defects, including visual-field constriction and profound muscle weakness. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with rickets, a disease in which the bone tissue doesn't properly mineralize, leading to soft bones and skeletal deformities. (webmd.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency is the major cause of rickets around the world, but rickets may be just the tip of the iceberg," says Dr. Dawodu. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Vitamin D deficiency rickets in a toddler. (bvsalud.org)
  • Breastfed infants, because human milk is a poor source of vitamin D. If you are breastfeeding , give your infant a supplement of 400 IU of vitamin D every day. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Infants with VK deficiency are at risk for hemorrhagic disease of newborn, caused by a lack of VK reaching the fetus across the placenta, the low level of VK in breast milk, and low colonic bacterial synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • The risk of developing VK deficiency bleeding is 81 times greater in infants who do not receive a vitamin K injection. (medscape.com)
  • In infants, the low transmission of vitamin K (VK) across the placenta, liver prematurity with prothrombin synthesis, lack of VK in breast milk, and the sterile gut in neonates account for VK deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • A number of regions have published guidelines defining vitamin deficiencies and advising specific intakes for healthy people, with different recommendations for women, men, infants, the elderly, and during pregnancy and breast feeding including Japan, the European Union, the United States, and Canada. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is a coagulopathy that develops in infants who do not have sufficient vitamin K stores to support production of clotting factors. (cdc.gov)
  • The relative risk for developing late VKDB has been estimated at 81 times greater among infants who do not receive intramuscular vitamin K than in infants who do receive it ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The four infants had laboratory-confirmed coagulopathy, defined as elevation of prothrombin time (PT) greater than or equal to four times the laboratory limit of normal, correctable by vitamin K administration, and symptomatic bleeding. (cdc.gov)
  • To assess the proportion of neonates who did not receive a vitamin K injection in 2013, records of a random sample of infants born during January-October 2013 at each of three Nashville area hospitals and at four major Tennessee nonhospital birthing centers were reviewed. (cdc.gov)
  • At the Nashville hospital with the highest proportion of neonates not administered vitamin K, 3.4% of 3,080 infants discharged from the newborn nursery received no vitamin K injection. (cdc.gov)
  • Parents of the four infants with VKDB were asked why they declined vitamin K prophylaxis for their neonate. (cdc.gov)
  • Vitamin K deficiency is much more likely to occur in infants. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • [ 1 ] The current proper diagnostic term that has been adopted is "vitamin K deficiency bleeding" (VKDB), because vitamin K deficiency is not the sole cause of hemorrhagic disorders in preterm and term infants. (medscape.com)
  • Classic vitamin K deficiency bleeding is observed in infants who have not received prophylactic vitamin K at birth, with an incidence ranging from 0.25 to 1.7 cases per 100 births. (medscape.com)
  • This disease is most common in breastfed infants who did not receive vitamin K prophylaxis at birth. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Dawodu studied vitamin D status of 60 breastfeeding mothers and their infants in Doha, Qatar. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Eighty-four percent of infants had vitamin D deficiency, and 64 percent had very low levels at the age of four weeks. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • To achieve a 25(OH)D blood levels of at least 30 ng/mL, the Endocrine Society Guidelines recommends infants, children and adults receive 400-1000 IUs, 600-1000 IUs and 1000-1500 IUs of vitamin D daily respectively. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • In the United States, administration of intramuscular vitamin K at birth to prevent all forms of VKDB has been standard practice since first recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1961 ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, 28.0% of 218 neonates at birthing centers did not receive vitamin K. Case-finding efforts revealed no additional cases of late VKDB in Tennessee in 2013. (cdc.gov)
  • When it does, it is known as vitamin K deficiency bleeding or VKDB. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • How likely are Americans to be deficient in vitamins or minerals? (consumerlab.com)
  • Based on the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2012 , about 10% or less of the general population had nutrition deficiencies for selected vitamin and minerals. (consumerlab.com)
  • Nutrition and Food Sources: vitamins, water, minerals. (brainmass.com)
  • Test your knowledge of this common nutritional deficiency with this short quiz. (medscape.com)
  • Frequent cracks in the lips and at the corners of the mouth may be caused by a rather common nutritional deficiency technically called cheilosis or angular stomatitis. (price-pottenger.org)
  • Nutritional Deficiency. (bvsalud.org)
  • This activity reviews the causes of thiamine deficiency, the associated pathophysiology, and typical patient presentation and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management. (nih.gov)
  • Describe the pathophysiology of thiamine deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • What are signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency? (medicinenet.com)
  • The symptoms of vitamin D deficiency can be nonspecific such as fatigue, aches, and pains. (medicinenet.com)
  • The symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency are very similar to the symptoms for other diseases so it is important to rule out other causes of the symptoms. (petplace.com)
  • One of the most common symptoms of vitamin D deficiency is hair loss. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Also known as niacin, the symptoms of Vitamin B3 deficiency include memory loss, diarrhea, dermatitis and a red tongue. (indiatimes.com)
  • Hair loss, fatigue and anemia are other symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency. (indiatimes.com)
  • Obesity can lead to a lack of vitamin D circulating in the body, a new study suggests. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Obesity can lead to a lack of vitamin D circulating in the body, according to a study led by the UCL Institute of Child Health (ICH). (sciencedaily.com)
  • While previous studies have linked vitamin D deficiency with obesity, the ICH-led paper, published in the journal PLOS Medicine , sought to establish the direction of causality, i.e. whether a lack of vitamin D triggers a weight gain, or whether obesity leads to the deficiency. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Overall, the findings suggest that a higher BMI leads to lower levels of available vitamin D, while the effect of a lack of vitamin D on BMI appears to be very small. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Our study highlights the importance of monitoring and treating vitamin D deficiency in people who are overweight or obese, in order to alleviate adverse health effects caused by a lack of vitamin D. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When there is a lack of vitamin D, these cells stop functioning properly and this can lead to hair loss. (discovermagazine.com)
  • The results of a clinical review recently printed in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association show that nearly a billion people across the world may have insufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D. It is believed that the lack of vitamin D is the result of minimal exposure to the sun caused by over-use of sunscreen. (worldhealth.net)
  • Pernicious anemia is a condition in which the body does not make enough red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B12 in the body. (brainmass.com)
  • Deficiency or a lack of vitamin D becomes a health problem that threatens Indonesian children. (ugm.ac.id)
  • How many of you talk to your patients about vitamin D as a supplement? (medscape.com)
  • It's necessary to explain to people that they risk losing muscle strength if they don't get enough vitamin D. They need to expose themselves to the sun, eat food rich in vitamin D or take a supplement, and do resistance training exercises to maintain muscle strength," he said. (eurekalert.org)
  • If you don't spend much time in the sun or always are careful to cover your skin ( sunscreen inhibits vitamin D production), you should speak to your doctor about taking a vitamin D supplement, particularly if you have risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. (webmd.com)
  • Correcting B6 deficiency with foods rich in the vitamin or a supplement may clear up these symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Some excellent iron-rich foods include spinach, legumes, dark leafy greens, and fortified cereals - but make sure to combine these foods with vitamin C, either in supplement form or via fresh fruit, for best results. (askmen.com)
  • Used to replace essential vitamins that are not obtained in sufficient quantities in the diet or to further supplement levels. (medscape.com)
  • The most important treatment for Vitamin A deficiency is changing the turtle's diet to include adequate amounts of Vitamin A. While this conversion is taking place, your veterinarian is likely to prescribe an oral vitamin supplement. (petplace.com)
  • A good diet including foods above mentioned plus a supplement of B complex is recommended, inasmuch as all of the B vitamins have interlocking functions. (price-pottenger.org)
  • Your doctor can help you to determine the best form of vitamin D supplement for you and the correct dosage. (discovermagazine.com)
  • In general, vitamin B2 is very easy to supplement in the body. (fitday.com)
  • Hence, the provision of supplement can be one of the solutions to treat vitamin D deficiency. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods but is available as a dietary supplement. (themedguru.com)
  • For many, the simplest and most common source of vitamin D is in supplement form. (themedguru.com)
  • As the authors state, using serum cobalamin assay to diagnosis vitamin B12 deficiency has its limitations. (bmj.com)
  • Functional" vitamin B12 deficiency is a syndrome where a wide variety of symptoms in the presence of "normal" serum levels of the vitamin respond to vitamin B12 therapy. (bmj.com)
  • This spectrum of disease usually presents in the absence of any changes in red blood cell indices and is easily misdiagnosed since serum levels of vitamin are in the "normal" range. (bmj.com)
  • In this study, only 16% of patients with clinical response to cobalamin therapy had low serum levels of the vitamin and values were above 300pg/mL in 54% of cases. (bmj.com)
  • Most of the studies of oral vitamin B12 therapy used serum levels of vitamin and its metabolites as the markers of response to therapy. (bmj.com)
  • Serum levels of vitamin D in TB patients are lower than in healthy controls ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Paradoxically, prolonged treatment of TB also causes a decline in serum vitamin D levels ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Total circulating serum 25[OH] vitamin D was measured with ELISA by using the Immuno Diagnostic System Ltd (IDS, Fountain Hill, AZ, USA). (cdc.gov)
  • Vitamin D status of Asian mothers in Cardiff was investigated during early pregnancy and at the time of the birth of their babies, using serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). (nih.gov)
  • 8.1% (with deficiency defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level less than 12 ng/mL). (consumerlab.com)
  • Pharmacokinetic research 3 shows that it takes 100 IU of vitamin D to increase a normal-weight adult's serum D levels by about 10 ng/ml. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • Research suggests we need a minimum of 3,000 IU vitamin D3(which is the body's preferred form) per day, but experts recommend getting 5,000 IU in order to achieve optimal serum 25(OH)D levels. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • Treatment was limited to studies enrolling or analyzing participants with low serum vitamin D levels. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • 1-3 Vitamin D deficiency refers to serum levels of vitamin D (serum total hydroxyvitamin D, or 25[OH]D) that are inadequate to support bodily needs. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • Serum total 25(OH)D is currently considered the best marker of vitamin D status. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • 4 , 5 However, there is no consensus regarding the serum level of 25(OH)D that represents optimal health or deficiency. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • A recent meta-analysis of research (which included 19 individual studies for a total of 3211 cases) found that women with preeclampsia had significantly lower serum vitamin B12 levels compared with pregnant women without preeclampsia (Mardali 2020). (preeclampsia.org)
  • A normal serum level of vitamin B12 in your bloodstream is generally between 200 and 900 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). (preeclampsia.org)
  • Diagnosis is usually made by measuring serum vitamin B12 levels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Vitamin E appears to enhance lymphocyte proliferation, decrease the production of immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2, and decrease levels of immunosuppressive serum lipid peroxides. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin B12 and folic acid are essential for the synthesis of DNA. (brainmass.com)
  • Add Vitamin C, Folic acid and Vitamin B12 too. (brainmass.com)
  • So what is the Role of Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) during pregnancy? (preeclampsia.org)
  • Folic acid has been well-studied for its ability to prevent neural tube defects, which is why women who are pregnant or trying to conceive are encouraged to take a prenatal vitamin that includes folic acid. (preeclampsia.org)
  • However, genetics can affect how well your body converts vitamin B9 (folic acid) to its active form, methylfolate. (preeclampsia.org)
  • In the present study, we explored the role of vitamin D deficiency in TB disease progression within this cohort. (cdc.gov)
  • The main role of vitamin D is to help the body absorb calcium, which is necessary for strong bones. (discovermagazine.com)
  • "The findings of this study suggest a role of vitamin D status, based on deficiency of levels and treatment, in risk of COVID-19 infection," ​wrote the researchers. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Researchers from Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, studied the high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Northern Hemisphere countries and the possible role of vitamin D in suppressing the severe inflammatory responses seen in very ill COVID-19 patients and in COVID-19 deaths. (nutraingredients.com)
  • However, determining the role of vitamin D in muscle performance of older people is difficult because they may suffer from a number of pre-existing health conditions that can also affect their vitamin D status. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • In adults, severe vitamin D deficiency leads to osteomalacia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In adults, vitamin K is absorbed from food and from vitamin K synthesized by gut bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Most adults obtain an adequate supply of vitamin K through the foods they eat and through what their body naturally produces. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Certain medications and medical conditions can reduce vitamin K production and inhibit absorption, meaning adults can become deficient. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some studies show that older adults with darker skin are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. (webmd.com)
  • Guidelines from the Institute of Medicine increased the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin D to 600 international units (IU) for everyone ages 1-70, and raised it to 800 IU for adults older than age 70 to optimize bone health. (webmd.com)
  • Most adults should get 1,500-2,000 international units (IU) of vitamin D daily. (healthline.com)
  • One research review found that almost 42% of U.S. adults have a vitamin D deficiency. (healthline.com)
  • One study in 480 older adults linked vitamin D deficiency with fatigue symptoms ( 12 ). (healthline.com)
  • It's the vitamin that we get from the sun, yet despite its ample availability, one in three Australian adults still suffer from mild, moderate or severe vitamin D deficiency. (scienceblog.com)
  • The study, led by Professor John McGrath from Aarhus University and the University of Queensland, found that newborns with vitamin D deficiency had a 44 per cent increased risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia as adults, compared to those with normal Vitamin D levels. (scienceblog.com)
  • 8 per cent of all schizophrenia-cases in Denmark The team made the discovery by analysing vitamin D concentration in blood samples taken from Danish newborns between 1981 and 2000 who had gone on to develop schizophrenia as young adults. (scienceblog.com)
  • To review the evidence about screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • Healthy doses of vitamin B2 help your body to maintain healthy hair, skin and vision. (fitday.com)
  • Periodic large oral doses of vitamin A for the prevention of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia : a summary of experiences, a report of the International Vitamin A Consultative Group / Keith P. West, Alfred Sommer. (who.int)
  • Similarly, in an open study of vitamin B12 deficiency related to food-cobalamin malabsorption in 10 patients, oral crystalline cobalamin was prescribed at a dose of 650mcg per day for at least 3 months. (bmj.com)
  • Chronic diseases related to malabsorption such as celiac disease, Chron's disease, kidney disease and Type 2 Diabetes drastically reduce the body's ability to create vitamin D from food. (worldhealth.net)
  • Severe deficiency, as may occur in persons with abetalipoproteinemia or fat malabsorption, profoundly affects the central nervous system and can cause ataxia and a peripheral neuropathy resembling Friedreich ataxia. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin deficiencies related to cystic fibrosis, chronic cholestatic liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia, short-bowel syndrome, isolated vitamin E deficiency syndrome, and other malabsorption syndromes may lead to varying degrees of neurologic deficits. (medscape.com)
  • Arab women who are breastfeeding have a "very high prevalence" of vitamin D deficiency - a potential health issue for them and their babies, according to a new Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center study. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Objective: This study aimed to survey articles, published from 2004 to 2014, about the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the prevalence of early childhood caries. (bvsalud.org)
  • People who take medicines that affect vitamin D levels, including certain cholesterol , anti-seizure, steroid , and weight-loss medicines. (medlineplus.gov)
  • perhaps measure the patient's vitamin D levels, and monitor and target it in patients-particularly those at risk. (medscape.com)
  • Indeed, short-term fluctuations in HCy and MMA levels may also result in normal levels of these metabolites, thus obscuring the deficiency. (bmj.com)
  • cord blood and infant liver reserve levels of vitamin K are substantially below adult levels ( 1,2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Without adequate vitamin D levels, the body takes calcium from the bones, weakening them and preventing new bone from being formed. (medicinenet.com)
  • Too much vitamin D can also raise calcium levels that can lead to heart rhythm disturbances, confusion, and disorientation. (medicinenet.com)
  • For all three women, the test found low levels of vitamin D, ranging from 8.9 to 14.5 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL), Pathak reported. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Levels below 21 ng/mL are considered vitamin D deficiency, and normal vitamin D levels are above 30 ng/mL, according to The Endocrine Society. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and tuberculosis disease progression, we studied vitamin D levels in a cohort of tuberculosis patients and their contacts (N = 129) in Pakistan. (cdc.gov)
  • Low vitamin D levels were associated with a 5-fold increased risk for progression to tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • For the present study, 129 de-identified, plasma samples preserved at -70°C from the baseline visit were shipped to Stanford University (Stanford, CA, USA) for analysis of vitamin D levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Levels of vitamin D in test samples were derived by fitting a 2-parameter logistic curve to 6 standard levels and expressed as ng/mL (1 nmol/L × 0.4 = 1 ng/mL). (cdc.gov)
  • Vitamin D levels in the cohort were classified in population-based tertiles (low, middle, high). (cdc.gov)
  • Levels of vitamin D in plasma in the Karachi, Pakistan, tuberculosis (TB) household cohort ( 7 ) by TB status at baseline (disease-free, index TB case-patient, coprevalent TB case-patient, and past. (cdc.gov)
  • The main conclusion was that individuals with vitamin D deficiency, defined as less than 30 nanomoles per liter in the blood, had a 70% higher risk of developing dynapenia by the end of the four-year study period than those with normal levels of vitamin D, defined as more than 50 nmol/L. (eurekalert.org)
  • People with a body mass index of 30 or greater often have low blood levels of vitamin D. (webmd.com)
  • Although there is no consensus on vitamin D levels required for optimal health -- and it likely differs depending on age and health conditions -- a concentration of less than 20 nanograms per milliliter is generally considered inadequate, requiring treatment. (webmd.com)
  • Efforts to tackle obesity should thus also help to reduce levels of vitamin D deficiency in the population, says the lead investigator of the study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • An estimated 1 billion people around the globe have low blood levels of the vitamin ( 4 ). (healthline.com)
  • If you often become sick, especially with colds or the flu, low vitamin D levels may be a contributing factor. (healthline.com)
  • Plus, a study in 39 children associated low vitamin D levels with poor sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, and delayed bedtimes ( 13 ). (healthline.com)
  • One observational study in female nurses also found a strong connection between low vitamin D levels and self-reported fatigue. (healthline.com)
  • Natural News) A recent study out of New Zealand has found an inverse relationship between the levels of vitamin C in a person's blood and their BMI and fasting glucose. (naturalnews.com)
  • Our study provides strong evidence for the connection between low levels of vitamin D and mortality, and this is the first study of its kind to also include respiratory disease related mortality as an outcome. (scienceblog.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency has been connected with mortality, but as clinical trials have often failed to recruit people with low vitamin D levels - or have been prohibited from including vitamin deficient participants - it's been challenging to establish causal relationships. (scienceblog.com)
  • Senior investigator and Director of UniSA's Australian Centre for Precision Health , Professor Elina Hyppönen , says more research is now needed to establish effective public health strategies that can help achieve national guidelines and reduce the risk of premature death associated with low vitamin D levels. (scienceblog.com)
  • It is very important to continue public health efforts to ensure the vulnerable and elderly maintain sufficient vitamin D levels throughout the year. (scienceblog.com)
  • Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement and motor control caused by very low vitamin E levels in the blood. (rarediseases.org)
  • Without adequate levels of vitamin E, individuals with AVED have neurological issues like trouble coordinating movements (ataxia) and speech (dysarthria), loss of reflexes in the legs (lower limb areflexia) and a loss of sensation in the limbs (peripheral neuropathy). (rarediseases.org)
  • Seventy-five percent of mothers had vitamin D deficiency, and 26 percent had blood vitamin D levels considered very low. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Problems sleeping well can be a sign of vitamin D levels low for a few reasons. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Second, low levels of vitamin D can cause fatigue and low moods, both of which can make it difficult to sleep. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Led by David Meltzer, MD, PhD, Chief of Hospital Medicine at UChicago Medicine, the research team found that patients who had vitamin D deficiency (less than 20ng/ml) that was not treated were almost twice as likely to test positive for the COVID-19 coronavirus compared to patients who had sufficient levels of the vitamin. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Data published in JAMA Network Open ​ indicated that the relative risk of testing positive for COVID-19 was 1.77 times greater for people with vitamin D deficiency compared with people with sufficient levels. (nutraingredients.com)
  • We will also provide tips on how to increase your Vitamin D levels and improve your hair health. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Do I have to get a test taken by my doctor to test vitamin D levels? (discovermagazine.com)
  • Yes, you will need to get your vitamin D levels checked by a doctor in order to know if you are deficient and how severe your deficiency is. (discovermagazine.com)
  • If you are experiencing hair loss, it is important to get your vitamin D levels checked by a doctor. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Eating foods that are rich in vitamin D can help to increase your levels of this vitamin. (discovermagazine.com)
  • By increasing your vitamin D levels, you can help to improve your hair health and reduce the risk of hair loss. (discovermagazine.com)
  • We hypothesised that low vitamin D levels in pregnant women due to a lack of sun exposure during winter months might underlie this risk, and investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of schizophrenia. (scienceblog.com)
  • The variations of vitamin D across races are due to unique levels of skin pigmentation. (worldhealth.net)
  • Boosting and maintaining healthy levels of vitamin D is as simple as spending between five minutes and half an hour in the afternoon sun a couple of times per week. (worldhealth.net)
  • So one should not apply sunscreen during his 5-30 minute sessions in the sun meant to boost vitamin D levels. (worldhealth.net)
  • Thanks to sailors with skin lesions, we all know the importance of getting enough vitamin C. It doesn't take much to be sufficient, but without at least low levels of certain nutrients in our diet, we humans can waste away. (popsci.com)
  • One clinical study showed that individuals with low levels of the active form of Vitamin D showed loss of brain development and neuroprotection. (cancertutor.com)
  • The loss of Vitamin D results in reduced detoxification processes, lower levels of the antioxidant glutathione, increased nitric oxide levels in the brain and the overall lack of cellular survival abilities. (cancertutor.com)
  • In fact, optimal Vitamin D levels are one of the most important nutrients beneficial to the health of a baby during a woman's pregnancy. (cancertutor.com)
  • Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals who have inadequate Vitamin D levels are at an increased likelihood to develop an immune-related disorder such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases and metabolic complications associated with type 1 diabetes. (cancertutor.com)
  • When normal magnesium levels accompany a vitamin B6 deficiency, urinary citrate and oxalate solubility may decrease, causing formation of urinary calculi. (vitamins-minerals-supplements.org)
  • Urine levels of xanthurenic acid exceeding 100 mg/24 hours indicate vitamin B6 deficiency. (vitamins-minerals-supplements.org)
  • These include Italy and Spain, which have low population levels of vitamin D. (nutraingredients.com)
  • As the effects of coronavirus continue, many of us are limited in the time we can spend outdoors, so extra care is required to keep vitamin D levels healthy. (nutraingredients.com)
  • After analyzing vitamin D levels and headache frequency in some 2,600 men age 42 through 60, researchers at the University of Eastern Finland found that men who reported having headaches at least weekly had lower vitamin D levels than other males included in the study. (drweil.com)
  • In fact, their headache risk was more than double that of men whose vitamin D levels were highest. (drweil.com)
  • Men who were examined from October through May reported more headaches than those seen in the summer months when vitamin D levels tend to rise as a result of greater sun exposure, the researchers wrote. (drweil.com)
  • However, of the 2,600 men studied, 68 percent had levels of "D" that were bordering on deficiency. (drweil.com)
  • The investigators noted that an association between headaches and low levels of vitamin D has been shown in other - considerably smaller - studies. (drweil.com)
  • Data published in PLoS ONE ​ ​ indicated that, compared to people with sufficient levels of vitamin D (blood level 25-hydroxyvitamin D of at least 30 ng/mL), people with a vitamin D deficiency (blood level 25-hydroxyvitamin D less than 20 ng/mL) have a 54% higher SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • When the researchers separated the individual according to 25(OH)D levels they found that the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was higher for those with vitamin D deficiency, compared to those with adequate or higher vitamin D levels. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • So, let's break down everything you need to know about vitamin D deficiency, including the telltale signs to look out for, plus what you can do to get your levels back into a healthy place. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • Among asymptomatic, community-dwelling populations with low vitamin D levels, the evidence suggests that treatment with vitamin D has no effect on mortality or the incidence of fractures, falls, depression, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, or adverse events. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • Multiple studies have linked low vitamin D levels to poor muscle strength, particularly in the elderly, according to the researchers. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Typical vitamin D levels in humans range between 40 and 50 nmol.L-1, and a diagnosis of acute vitamin D deficiency is given when levels drop below 12 nmol.L-1. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • On average, the mice in this study had vitamin D levels of 30 nmol.L1, with diet-induced vitamin D deficiency leading to levels of 3 nmol.L-1, which, while more extreme than typically observed in humans, is still within the clinically-recognized range. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • The United States National Institutes of Health recommends testing vitamin A levels in people with celiac disease at diagnosis. (glutenfreeworks.com)
  • Recent research has shown that rice grown under carbon dioxide levels that could be reached as soon as 2050 could lose 17-30% of its B vitamin content. (harvard.edu)
  • They compared this with data on the levels of vitamin D in the population in those countries before the pandemic. (insider.com)
  • Another study also found a link between higher levels of vitamin D and fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths. (insider.com)
  • In the study , published on Wednesday in the journal Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, researchers from the UK found that among 20 European countries, those with higher average levels of vitamin D had fewer coronavirus cases and lower mortality rates. (insider.com)
  • Italy and Spain, for instance, had higher mortality rates than other countries in the study, and both had lower average levels of vitamin D. Northern European countries like Finland, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden had higher average levels of vitamin D and lower rates of coronavirus cases and deaths. (insider.com)
  • Question: Is there an association between low Vitamin B12 levels and preeclampsia? (preeclampsia.org)
  • This meta-analysis showed that average vitamin B12 levels were on average 15.24 pg/mL lower among women with preeclampsia when compared to those without. (preeclampsia.org)
  • If the body does not have enough of these B vitamins, not enough homocysteine is converted, leading to higher levels of homocysteine concentrations in the bloodstream. (preeclampsia.org)
  • Lead author of the study author Evelien Sohl, of VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam, said, "Seniors who have low levels of vitamin D are more likely to have mobility limitations and to see their physical functioning decline over time. (themedguru.com)
  • They evaluated the vitamin D levels of participants and asked them questions pertaining to their performance of six functions of daily living. (themedguru.com)
  • It was noted that participants (aged 55 to 65) with the lowest vitamin D levels doubled their odds of one physical limitation compared to those with the highest vitamin D levels. (themedguru.com)
  • The study found 70 percent of the subjects in the older age with inadequate vitamin D levels had at least one physical limitation, while those with sufficient or high vitamin D levels exhibited no physical limitations. (themedguru.com)
  • Those who eat a plant-based diet are also at risk of iron deficiency. (askmen.com)
  • There were higher rates of iron deficiency in Mexican-American children aged 1 to 5 years (11%) and in non-Hispanic black (16%) and Mexican-American women (13%) of childbearing age (12 to 49 years) when compared to other race/ethnic groups. (consumerlab.com)
  • Vitamin B6 deficiency can cause hypochromic microcytic anemia without iron deficiency and central nervous system disturbances. (vitamins-minerals-supplements.org)
  • Published in Annals of Internal Medicine , the study found that the more severe the vitamin D deficiency, the greater the risk of mortality. (scienceblog.com)
  • First author and UniSA PhD candidate, Josh Sutherland, says while vitamin D has been connected with mortality, it has been challenging to establish causal effects. (scienceblog.com)
  • Vitamin D is important in regulation and suppression of the inflammatory cytokine response, which plays a role in the severe consequences of COVID-19 and 'acute respiratory distress syndrome' associated with ventilation and mortality in COVID-19. (nutraingredients.com)
  • They found a strong correlation between vitamin D deficiency and a complication known as a cytokine storm, which occurs when the immune system goes into overdrive, and a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and mortality rates. (insider.com)
  • [ 8 ] Both PT and aPTT can be elevated in more severe deficiency states. (medscape.com)
  • Megaloblastic anemia and sub-acute combined degeneration of spinal cord are only the extreme manifestations observed at the far end of the spectrum with severe deficiency. (bmj.com)
  • Individuals categorized with a severe deficiency were at an increased risk of 394 percent to present with symptoms of cognitive decline. (cancertutor.com)
  • Vitamin B6 deficiency may lead to a variety of signs and symptoms, including skin rashes, mood changes, and low energy. (healthline.com)
  • Some subtle signs to look for if you suspect a magnesium deficiency include muscle conditions, bone loss, fatigue, mental conditions, and hypertension. (askmen.com)
  • In this article, we unveil the 14 subtle and not-so-subtle signs that may indicate a deficiency, shedding light on the importance of recognizing and addressing this often-overlooked health issue. (discovermagazine.com)
  • From chapped lips to weak bones, there are several signs that our bodies give us in order to indicate vitamin deficiencies. (indiatimes.com)
  • These are just some of the signs that point to vitamin B2 deficiency. (fitday.com)
  • It might be most commonly known as the 'Sunshine vitamin,' but contrary to popular belief, we can get enough vitamin D from foods, too. (askmen.com)
  • Scientists at the University of Chicago are calling for clinical trials to investigate if vitamin D may reduce COVID-19 incidence after their retrospective study found a link between deficiency of the sunshine vitamin and the likelihood of becoming infected with the coronavirus. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The associations between vitamin D status and COVID-19 risk continue to strengthen, with new data from Quest Diagnostics and Boston University indicating that people with deficiency in the sunshine vitamin may have a significantly higher positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Basically, we're not in a good place with the sunshine vitamin-and don't let the fact that vitamin D deficiency is so common it can fool you into thinking it's not a really big deal. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • The discovery could prevent some cases of the disease, and shows that neonatal vitamin D deficiency could possibly account for about 8 per cent of all schizophrenia cases in Denmark. (scienceblog.com)
  • The study confirms a previous study that also found an association between neonatal vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of schizophrenia. (scienceblog.com)
  • According to John McGrath, schizophrenia is associated with many different risk factors, both genetic and environmental, but the new research suggests that neonatal vitamin D deficiency could possibly account for about 8 per cent of schizophrenia cases in Denmark. (scienceblog.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency, especially during neonatal development, is believed to increase the risk of schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and other diseases of the central nervous system. (cancertutor.com)
  • Dr. Maria Dizon, a neonatologist at Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, told Reuters Health in a phone interview that this study is "useful in raising awareness" of a possible connection between neonatal shudders and vitamin D deficiency, especially in children who are exclusively breastfed, whose mothers have darker skin, and who live at higher latitudes. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Chris Retajczyk, a neonatologist at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco, told Reuters Health by phone and in a follow-up email that this report was the first he had heard of noting a potential vitamin D connection with neonatal shudders. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin K (VK) deficiency can occur in any age group but is encountered most often in infancy. (medscape.com)
  • Autonomic dysfunction, it seems, is a common manifestation of functional vitamin B12 deficiency and seems to occur early in the course of disease process. (bmj.com)
  • however, it can occur during first month and sometimes overlaps with late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency can be difficult to notice because symptoms may not occur for several months or years. (healthline.com)
  • Although vitamin B6 isn't directly involved in energy metabolism, it's essential for reactions that occur in protein metabolism and for amino acid synthesis. (vitamins-minerals-supplements.org)
  • [ 4 ] Complete blindness, cardiac arrhythmia, and dementia may occur in patients in whom vitamin E deficiency has been prolonged and severe. (medscape.com)
  • This is because the body's ability to absorb vitamin D decreases with age. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Sunscreen mitigates the body's ability to generate vitamin D. This is why sunscreen should be used in a strategic manner. (worldhealth.net)
  • Some unprotected exposure to the sun is necessary to catalyze the body's production of vitamin D. However, only a moderate level of exposure to the sun is healthy. (worldhealth.net)
  • This is precisely why vitamin D plays a vital role in the body's functions ranging from immune system functionality to the minimization of inflammation, cell growth modulation and beyond. (worldhealth.net)
  • A variety of influencing concerns weaken the body's capacity to naturally absorb Vitamin D from the sun and diet. (cancertutor.com)
  • Conditions that can lead to a deficiency include celiac disease and cystic fibrosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Your digestive tract cannot adequately absorb vitamin D. Certain medical problems, including Crohn's disease , cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease can affect your intestine's ability to absorb vitamin D from the food you eat. (webmd.com)
  • People with chronic kidney or liver disease , which can affect your ability to change vitamin D into a form your body can use. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vitamin K is required in the synthesis of 4 clotting factors in the liver: factors II,VII, IX, and X. It is also essential in the production of protein C and S, which are anticoagulant proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Indications for using FFP include bleeding in patients with congenital coagulation defects and multiple coagulation factor deficiencies (severe liver disease). (medscape.com)
  • Fat-soluble vitamin K absorbed by the gut and stored in the liver. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver and fatty tissues. (discovermagazine.com)
  • This is because the vitamin is absorbed from the intestine into the bloodstream where it can be transported to the liver and other organs. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Inform the patient with vitamin B6 deficiency that yeast, wheat, corn, liver, and kidneys are good sources of pyridoxine. (vitamins-minerals-supplements.org)
  • He says: "In addition to metabolism in the skin, which is due to sun exposure, Vitamin D is present in foods such as oily fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), cheese, egg yolks and beef liver. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The issue of low vitamin D level in South Asian people, she stated, is caused by excess visceral fat around the organs like the liver, heart, and kidney. (ugm.ac.id)
  • The liver stores large amounts of vitamin B12. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Breastfed babies of vegan mothers may develop vitamin B12 deficiency by age 4 to 6 months because in these babies, liver stores (which are normally extensive in other babies) are limited and their rapid growth rate results in high demand. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In order to examine an association between vitamin D deficiency and physical functioning, the researchers carried out a study. (themedguru.com)
  • Final considerations: There is a clear association between vitamin D deficiency and early childhood caries. (bvsalud.org)
  • For a few vitamins, there is not sufficient information to set EARs and RDAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sufficient vitamin D is also a requirement for proper calcium absorption in the body. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • As this supply of Vitamin A is depleted, the turtle must eat foods with adequate amounts of vitamin A. Good sources of Vitamin A include dark, leafy greens such as dandelion greens (not treated with lawn chemicals), yellow or orange vegetables such as carrots and other foods containing carotenes. (petplace.com)
  • Adequate Vitamin A is usually provided in name brand commercial turtle pellets and live whole fish. (petplace.com)
  • The deficiency of vitamin B12 creates a case of hyperhomocysteinemia and decline of S-adenosylmethionine, which is a risk factor for depression without adequate treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, vitamin B2 is a water-soluble vitamin. (fitday.com)
  • Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin found mainly in meat, eggs, and dairy products. (preeclampsia.org)
  • Preliminary queries of Tennessee hospital discharge data during 2007-2012 revealed no confirmed cases of late vitamin K deficiency bleeding, defined as an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis code of either hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (776.0) or vitamin K deficiency (269.0), plus any codes for symptoms of bleeding, including intracranial or gastrointestinal hemorrhages, epistaxis, bruising, or hemothorax. (cdc.gov)
  • Are you familiar with risk factors for the development of vitamin B 12 deficiency, as well as related key aspects, clinical manifestations, and best practices for diagnosis and treatment? (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, he believes that vitamin D deficiency "will definitely be useful to add to the differential diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical review of vitamin B12 deficiency by Hunt et al was concise and informative. (bmj.com)
  • Other studies have suggested that vitamin D has an effect on mood and depression, but there is a need for large, good-quality, randomized controlled clinical trials to prove whether there is a real causal relationship, Dr Pathak said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Vitamin B 12 deficiency can cause various neurologic diseases and other clinical manifestations. (medscape.com)
  • Randomized clinical trials of interventions to reduce vitamin D deficiency are needed to determine if those interventions could reduce COVID-19 incidence, including both broad population interventions and interventions among groups at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and/or COVID-19. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Comprehensive recommendations for the assessment and control of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were rigorously reviewed and revised by a working group and presented for discussion at the XX International Vitamin A Consultative Group meeting in Hanoi, Vietnam. (nih.gov)
  • International Vitamin A Consultative Group. (who.int)
  • Congenital deficiencies and abnormalities of prothrombin. (medscape.com)
  • Addition of micronutrients to staples and condiments can prevent large-scale deficiency diseases in these cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Meanwhile, insufficient vitamin D is associated with the increased risk of non-communicable diseases, such as osteoporosis, some cancers and cardiovascular disease. (dairyreporter.com)
  • The chronic diseases outlined above are also another indicator of vitamin D deficiency. (worldhealth.net)
  • Some diseases can lead to a B6 deficiency, like alcoholism and diabetes, but it's still pretty rare (and even rarer on its own). (popsci.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency can stunt growth and cause bone diseases, as well as other diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Low level of vitamin D in the body can increase the risk of nontransmissible diseases, such as cardiovascular, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, diabetes, as well as autoimmune diseases. (ugm.ac.id)
  • If a child has a vitamin D deficiency, it will stunt their growth and make them susceptible to nontransmissible diseases, and affect their quality of life in the future. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Vitamin D deficiency known to increase susceptibility to a wide range of diseases may also be linked to mobility issues and disability in the aged, claims a new Dutch study. (themedguru.com)
  • Food fortification is the process of adding micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food as a public health policy which aims to reduce the number of people with dietary deficiencies within a population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Institute of Medicine: "Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and vitamin D. (webmd.com)
  • While severe vitamin D deficiency is rarer in Australia than elsewhere in the world, it can still affect those who have health vulnerabilities, the elderly, and those who do not acquire enough vitamin D from healthy sun exposure and dietary sources," Sutherland says. (scienceblog.com)
  • The term vitamin A also includes certain plant carotenoids called provitamin A because they are dietary precursors of retinol. (glutenfreeworks.com)
  • The mechanisms by which anticonvulsant and antituberculosis medications cause vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates is not clearly understood, but limited studies suggest that this disorder is a result of vitamin K deficiency and can be prevented by administration of vitamin K to the mother during the last 2-4 weeks of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • According to expert dermatologists, it is quite rare to spot cracked heels that are a result of vitamin deficiencies, but they are more commonly associated with other medical conditions like eczema, diabetes, hypothyroidism etc. (indiatimes.com)
  • But, it can also be the result of vitamin B2 deficiency. (fitday.com)
  • If you feel that you are suffering from any of these ailments as a result of vitamin B2 deficiency, talk to your doctor about ways to get more vitamin B2 or try incorporating more vitamin B2-enriched foods into your diet to reduce these ailments. (fitday.com)
  • The first consultation was held on 15 and 16 May 2023 and focused on the development of guidelines on vitamin D. The second consultation was held on 17 and 18 May 2023 and focused on the prevention and management of anemia among women in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
  • Vitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus absorption by the organism. (eurekalert.org)
  • Vitamin D is important in maintaining bone health, in absorbing calcium and phosphorus, and in helping the immune system. (themedguru.com)
  • 21563 Pernicious Anemia and Vitamin B12 Loss of Vitamin B12 leads to a disease called Pernicious anemia.The chemical reaction involved is discussed here. (brainmass.com)
  • Fast Five Quiz: Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Medscape - Dec 22, 2020. (medscape.com)
  • However, vitamin D is stored in fatty tissue and thus, the most likely explanation for the association found in the ICH-led study is that the larger storage capacity for vitamin D in obese people leads to lower circulating concentrations of vitamin D. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As much as 68 obese teenage boys had vitamin D deficiency. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Government guidelines on vitamin deficiencies advise certain intakes for healthy people, with specific values for women, men, babies, children, the elderly, and during pregnancy or breastfeeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Numerous other maternal medications and/or exposure to toxins during pregnancy are lalso associated with vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates, including but not limited to vitamin K antagonists (eg, warfarin, phenprocoumon). (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency is also common in Arab women during pregnancy and is detrimental to the health of both mother and child," he says. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Certain medical conditions, such as Crohn's disease and Celiac disease, can also lead to vitamin D deficiency. (discovermagazine.com)
  • This is because vitamin A deficiency is common in celiac disease. (glutenfreeworks.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a loss of bone density , which can contribute to osteoporosis and fractures (broken bones). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency has become a problem in almost all countries in the world, including countries with abundant sun exposure, such as Indonesia," said Dian at the Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing UGM. (ugm.ac.id)
  • The first consultation included an expert discussion and presentations on the Lebanese vitamin D guidelines, their applicability to the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, research gaps on vitamin D nutrition, as well as appropriate methodology for obtaining necessary data. (who.int)
  • 2019 ( https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/UNICEF-WHOlowbirthweight-estimates-2019/en/ ). (who.int)
  • People with a severe vitamin D deficiency can have symptoms like bone pain, weakness, and frequent infections. (medicinenet.com)
  • Getting too much vitamin D (known as vitamin D toxicity) can be harmful. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Like the other B vitamins (it's also known as vitamin B5), pantothenic acid is involved in the chemical cycle that produces energy inside your cells, so a deficiency hurts all kinds of bodily functioning. (popsci.com)
  • To help get you started on the right foot and ensure you're eating and pairing all the right foods that your body needs to function at its highest level, we've enlisted the help of a handful of nutritionists, dieticians, and nurse practitioners to get their top tips on exactly what to eat and when to eat it to prevent vitamin deficiencies. (askmen.com)
  • But too much sun exposure can lead to skin aging and skin cancer, so many people try to get their vitamin D from other sources. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People at high risk of vitamin D deficiency may need more. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with dark skin, which has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People who have obesity , because their body fat binds to some vitamin D and prevents it from getting into the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most people get enough vitamin K from their diets. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Other people who have vitamin D deficiency may not notice any symptoms. (medicinenet.com)
  • Researchers in Brazil and the UK analyzed data for more than 3,000 people aged 50 or more to prove the importance of vitamin D to muscles. (eurekalert.org)
  • As people age, their kidneys are less able to convert vitamin D to its active form, thus increasing their risk of vitamin D deficiency. (webmd.com)
  • Now, new research from the University of South Australia gives strong evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with premature death, prompting calls for people to follow healthy vitamin D level guidelines. (scienceblog.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency affects over 1 billion people worldwide. (discovermagazine.com)
  • People who live in cold climates or who spend most of their time indoors are at a higher risk for vitamin D deficiency. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Unfortunately, vitamin D deficiency is becoming increasingly common, particularly in developed countries where people tend to spend less time outdoors. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Basically all foods you eat have at least some pantothenic acid, which means very few people get this particular deficiency. (popsci.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency is too common today affecting an estimated 1 billion people worldwide or 90 percent of the world's population. (cancertutor.com)
  • Moreover, geographical analysis indicated that people living in predominantly African-American and Hispanic zip codes were not only more likely to be vitamin D deficient but also to have a higher risk of infection. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Previous studies have indicated impaired muscle strength in people with vitamin D deficiency may be linked to impaired muscle mitochondrial function. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • A deficiency in B12 can result in a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia that makes people tired and weak. (preeclampsia.org)
  • This fact shows that South Asian people with the same sun exposure as Caucasians in four season countries are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Moreover, it was noted that vitamin D deficient people were more prone to suffer additional physical limitations over time. (themedguru.com)