Fallopian tube patency tests are medical procedures used to determine if the fallopian tubes, which are a pair of narrow tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus in females, are open and functioning properly. The tests are often performed as part of an infertility evaluation to help identify any potential causes of difficulty conceiving.

There are several different types of fallopian tube patency tests, including:

1. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): This is a radiologic procedure in which a special dye is injected through the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes. X-ray images are then taken to visualize the flow of the dye and determine if the tubes are open and patent.
2. Sonohysterography (SHG): This is an ultrasound procedure in which a small amount of sterile saline solution is injected through the cervix into the uterus. The sonographer then uses ultrasound to visualize the flow of the fluid and assess the patency of the fallopian tubes.
3. Transvaginal hydro laparoscopy (THL): This is a surgical procedure in which a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera on the end, is inserted through the vagina and into the abdominal cavity. A special dye is then injected through the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes, allowing the surgeon to directly visualize any blockages or abnormalities in the tubes.
4. Selective salpingography: This is a radiologic procedure in which a catheter is inserted through the cervix and into the fallopian tube. A special dye is then injected through the catheter to visualize the patency of the tube using fluoroscopy.

It's important to note that these tests may carry some risks, such as infection, bleeding, or allergic reactions to the contrast material used in the procedure. Therefore, it's essential to discuss the benefits and risks with your healthcare provider before undergoing any fallopian tube patency test.

Fallopian tubes, på svenska även kända som eileiter, är en del av det kvinnliga reproduktionssystemet. De två fallopiska tuberna sträcker sig från äggstockarna och mynnar ut i livmoderns (matris) slemhinna. Deras främsta funktion är att transportera den befruktade ägcellen, det vill säga befruktat ägg, till livmodern där den kan utvecklas till ett foster. Fallopian tuberna innehåller cilier och muskulatur som hjälper till att transportera ägcellen genom rörelser och luftströmmer.

Fallopian tube neoplasms are abnormal growths that occur in the epithelial lining of the fallopian tubes, which are a pair of narrow tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus in females. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign neoplasms of the fallopian tube include adenomas, papillomas, and cystadenomas. They are usually slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and bloating.

Malignant neoplasms of the fallopian tube are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other organs in the pelvis and beyond. They include primary fallopian tube carcinoma, serous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma.

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a cancer that originates in the fallopian tube and accounts for less than 1% of all gynecologic malignancies. It typically affects women over the age of 50 and can cause symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and watery discharge.

Serous carcinoma is a type of ovarian cancer that can also arise in the fallopian tube. It is often aggressive and can spread quickly to other organs. Endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma are similar to their ovarian counterparts and can also occur in the fallopian tube.

Undifferentiated carcinoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that can arise in various parts of the body, including the fallopian tube. It has no specific features and can be challenging to diagnose and treat.

'Barnlöshet hos kvinnor', även känt som infertilitet, definieras av World Health Organization (WHO) som "en sjukdom av reproduktionssystemet definierad av oförmågan att uppnå en graviditet efter 12 månaders regelbunden samlag utan användning av preventivmedel." Detta inkluderar både oförmåga att bli befruktad och oförmåga att upprätthålla en graviditet till full term. Det är värt att notera att infertilitet kan drabba båda män och kvinnor, och i ungefär hälften av fallen är orsaken kombinerad.

'Kärlöppenhet' (engelska: 'Vasodilation') är ett medicinskt begrepp som refererar till den process där blodkärlen (artärer och vener) relaxerar och expanderar, vilket orsakar en ökning av kärldiametern och minskad perifer resistan. Detta leder till en sänkning av blodtrycket och en ökad blodgenomströmning i de drabbade områdena.

Kärlöppenhet kan vara ett normalt fysiologiskt fenomen, till exempel vid vila eller vid värmeexponering, men den kan också uppstå som en patofysiologisk process i samband med sjukdomar som hypertension, diabetes, hjärtsvikt och neurologiska störningar. Vissa läkemedel, såsom nitroglycerin och kalciumantagonister, kan också orsaka kärlöppenhet som en del av sin verkningsmekanism.

Fallopian tube diseases refer to conditions that affect the function and structure of the Fallopian tubes, which are a pair of narrow tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus in females. These diseases can cause various symptoms, including pelvic pain, abnormal menstrual bleeding, and infertility. Some common types of Fallopian tube diseases include:

1. Salpingitis: This is an inflammation of the Fallopian tubes, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It can lead to scarring and blockage of the tubes, increasing the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
2. Hydrosalpinx: This occurs when the Fallopian tube becomes filled with fluid, leading to dilation and distortion of the tube's shape. It is often caused by a previous infection or inflammation and can also increase the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
3. Endometriosis: This is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus grows outside of it, including on the Fallopian tubes. This can cause scarring, adhesions, and blockages in the tubes, leading to pain and infertility.
4. Ectopic pregnancy: This occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, often in the Fallopian tube. It is a medical emergency that can lead to severe bleeding and requires prompt treatment.
5. Tubal ligation: This is a surgical procedure used for permanent birth control, where the Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or blocked to prevent pregnancy. In some cases, the tubes may grow back together (recanalization), leading to unintended pregnancies.

Overall, Fallopian tube diseases can have significant impacts on female reproductive health and require proper diagnosis and treatment by a healthcare professional.