Carboxyglutamic acid
... (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post- ... In the biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, the γ-proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. The ... Then CO2 is added to the γ-carbon to form γ-carboxyglutamic acid. A number of γ-carboxyglutamate residues are present in the γ- ... γ-Carboxyglutamic acid residues play an important role in coagulation. The high-affinity calcium binding sites in the GLA ...
Conantokin
Rigby AC, Baleja JD, Li L, Pedersen LG, Furie BC, Furie B (December 1997). "Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the calcium- ... It differs from Con-R mainly in the C-terminal amino acids and, like Con-R, it induces sleep-like symptoms in young mice, with ... a novel peptide antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor". Neuroscience Letters. 118 (2): 241-4. doi:10.1016/ ... 101 (1-2): 109-16. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00303-2. PMID 12507705. S2CID 25950992. Jimenez EC, Donevan S, Walker C, Zhou LM, ...
EGF-like domain
In factors VII, IX and X, the two cbEGF modules are preceded by an N-terminal gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) containing ... It comprises about 30 to 40 amino-acid residues and has been found in a large number of mostly animal proteins. Most ... β-Hydroxylation appears in hEGF- and cEGF-like domains, the former is hydroxylated on an aspartic acid while the latter is ... Multiple cbEGF domains are often connected by one or two amino acids to form larger, repetitive arrays, here referred to as ' ...
Factor IX
Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD (Sep 1995). "Structure of the calcium ion-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich ... Tranexamic acid may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the ... 14 Suppl 1: S59-64. doi:10.1097/00001721-200306001-00014. PMID 14567539. Du X (May 2007). "Signaling and regulation of the ... 9 (1): 18577. Bibcode:2019NatSR...918577S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54976-4. PMC 6901466. PMID 31819097. Kurachi K, Davie EW (Nov ...
Thrombin
Deficiency of vitamin K or administration of the anticoagulant warfarin inhibits the production of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... vitamin K-dependent reaction that converts 10-12 glutamic acids in the N terminus of the molecule to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... 32 Suppl 1: 3-15. doi:10.1055/s-2006-939550. PMID 16673262. Huber R, Bode W (1978-03-01). "Structural basis of the activation ... 209 (1): 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.03.016. PMID 19651065. Greenhalgh DG, Gamelli RL, Collins J, Sood R, Mozingo DW ...
Fetuin-B
2004). "Processing and transport of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in cultured ... 48 (1): 106-13. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.083. PMID 16797392. v t e (CS1: long volume value, Articles with short description, ... J. 376 (Pt 1): 135-45. doi:10.1042/BJ20030676. PMC 1223762. PMID 12943536. Wajih N, Borras T, Xue W, et al. ( ... "Carbohydrate binding properties of the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Glycoconj. J. 9 (6): 315 ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.125)
2-aminoadipic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170 - aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.275 - ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.275 - isoaspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.400 ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.427.300 - glutamic acid MeSH D12.125.481.100 - allylglycine MeSH D12.125.481.700 - n-substituted ... imino acids MeSH D12.125.072.401.200 - azetidinecarboxylic acid MeSH D12.125.072.401.623 - proline MeSH D12.125.072.401.623.270 ...
List of MeSH codes (D02)
... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ... edetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.455 - egtazic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581 - iodoacetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581.400 - ... hexuronic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.915.400.500 - iduronic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901.177 - aconitic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901. ... muramic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562 - neuraminic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562.668 - sialic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844. ...
Vitamin K antagonist
Synthesis Of Y-Carboxyglutamic Acid". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry. 8 (2): 191-223. doi:10.3109/10409238009105469. PMID ... For example, it is needed to carboxylate specific glutamic acid residues on prothrombin. Without these residues carboxylated, ... Warfarin (Coumadin) Coumatetralyl Phenprocoumon Acenocoumarol Dicoumarol Tioclomarol Brodifacoum Another group of VKAs are 1,3- ...
Non-proteinogenic amino acids
Carboxyglutamic acid. Whereas glutamic acid possess one γ-carboxyl group, Carboxyglutamic acid possess two. Hydroxyproline. ... ic acid.) Most natural amino acids are α-amino acids in the L conformation, but some exceptions exist. Some non-α-amino acids ... Chemically synthesized amino acids can be called unnatural amino acids. Unnatural amino acids can be synthetically prepared ... and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group is an amino acid. The proteinogenic amino acids are small subset of this group ...
Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase
Furie B, Bouchard BA, Furie BC (March 1999). "Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid". Blood. 93 (6): ... 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-epoxidizing). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction peptidyl-4- ...
Gla domain
Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD (1995). "Structure of the metal-free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich membrane binding ... Kulman JD, Harris JE, Xie L, Davie EW (February 2001). "Identification of two novel transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... "Primary structure and tissue distribution of two novel proline-rich gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... The GLA domain binds calcium ions by chelating them between two carboxylic acid residues. These residues are part of a region ...
1978 in science
M. L. (1978). "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in developing chick bone". ... 36 (1): 92-106. Bibcode:1978Icar...36...92F. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(78)90076-3. Rivest, R.; Shamir, A.; Adleman, L. (1978). "A ... November 1 - Helen Czerski, English physicist and science populariser. January 14 - Kurt Gödel (b. 1906), American ...
Prothrombinase
The light chain contains an N-terminal γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain (Gla domain) and two epidermal growth factor-like domains ... In Factor V Leiden, a G1691A nucleotide replacement results in an R506Q amino acid mutation. Factor V Leiden increases the risk ... "Complete cDNA and derived amino acid sequence of human factor V". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (14): 4846-50. Bibcode: ... Meizothrombin contains fragment 1•2 A chain linked to the B chain by a disulfide bond. Subsequent cleavage of meizothrombin by ...
Osteocalcin
... , also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a small (49-amino-acid) ... Hauschka PV, Reid ML (August 1978). "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in ... 396 (1-2): 66-9. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2008.07.001. PMID 18657532. Ba Y, Huang H, Yang Y, Cui L, Zhu J, Zhu C, et al. (November ... 382 (1): 521-526. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.008. PMC 3850748. PMID 24145129. Obri A, Khrimian L, Karsenty G, Oury F (March 2018 ...
Vitamin K reaction
... to gamma carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). There are controversial results in many studies that suggest the reduction of bone ... Many proteins in our body depends on vitamin K especially in the bone by carboxylating an amino acid glutamic acid (Glu) ... 12 (1): e1-e4. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1741055. ISSN 2474-5871. S2CID 246761908. Zhang M, Chen J, Wang CX, Lin NX, Li X (October ... 45 (1): 30. doi:10.1186/s13052-019-0625-y. PMC 6399912. PMID 30832683. Mladěnka P, Macáková K, Kujovská Krčmová L, Javorská L, ...
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
... while simultaneously adding CO2 to protein-bound glutamic acid (abbreviation = Glu) to form gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (also ... 54 (1): 459-77. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.002331. PMID 3896125. Presnell SR, Stafford DW (2002). "The vitamin K- ... 25 (1): 127-49. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092713. PMID 16011462. Zhang B, Ginsburg D (September 2004). "Familial ... ISBN 0-12-183492-1. glutamyl+carboxylase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article ...
GAS6
... is a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain-containing protein thought to be involved in the stimulation of cell ... It is similar to the Protein S with the same domain organization and 43% amino acid identity. It was originally found as a gene ... 30 (1): 129-31. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0027. PMID 8595896. Li R, Chen J, Hammonds G, Phillips H, Armanini M, Wood P, Bunge R, ... 415 (1): 59-63. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01093-4. PMID 9326369. Nakano T, Ishimoto Y, Kishino J, Umeda M, Inoue K, Nagata K, ...
Vitamin K2
... in conversion of peptide-bound glutamic acid (Glu) to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) in these proteins). Carboxylation of these ... Oxygen, heme, and menaquinones are needed for many species of lactic acid bacteria to conduct respiration. Variations in ... Many bacteria synthesize menaquinones from chorismic acid. They use it as a part of the electron transport chain, playing a ... 1570 (1): 27-32. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00147-2. PMID 11960685. Hofbauer LC, Brueck CC, Shanahan CM, Schoppet M, Dobnig H ( ...
Protein C
Esmon NL, DeBault LE, Esmon CT (May 1983). "Proteolytic formation and properties of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-domainless ... 5) Multiple proteolytic cleavages of the polypeptide backbone to remove an 18 amino acid signal peptide, a 24 amino acid ... Inactive protein C comprises 419 amino acids in multiple domains:: 2383 one Gla domain (residues 43-88); a helical aromatic ... a 32 amino acid N-terminus signal peptide preceding a propeptide.: S11 Protein C is formed when a dipeptide of Lys198 and ...