2-hydroxybutyric acid 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase PubChem. "3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. ... 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (or 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of valine. It is a chiral ... "Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (HMDB0000023)". hmdb.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-24. v ... compound having two enantiomers, D-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid and L-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid. ...

... is a chiral compound with two enantiomers: D-β-hydroxybutyric acid and L-β-hydroxybutyric acid. Its ... Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) Hydroxybutyric acid Ketogenesis This reaction is catalyzed by an ... β-Hydroxybutyric acid is able to cross the blood-brain-barrier into the central nervous system. Levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid ... D-β-Hydroxybutyric acid, along with butyric acid, are the two primary endogenous agonists of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 ...

Instead of using the acid itself, its salts are used. It is now mainly used for depilation. Hydroxybutyric acid 3- ... Thiolactic acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH2CO2H. The molecule contains both carboxylic acid and thiol ... It is structurally related to lactic acid by the interchange of SH for OH. It is a colorless oil. Thiolactic acid was once ... Mercaptopropionic acid T. Clausen (2006). "Hair Preparations". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley- ...

Q. Ashton, Acton (2013). Advances in 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid Research and Application: 2013 Edition: ScholarlyBrief. ...

... (or γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid) is a naturally occurring ... Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV) γ-Valerolactone (GVL) β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) "Pingers, ... May 2003). "A tertiary alcohol analog of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as a specific gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor ligand". ... "Resuscitative effect of a gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor antagonist on gamma-hydroxybutyric acid mortality in mice". Annals ...

2009). "Docosahexaenoic acid is a substrate for ACAT1 and inhibits cholesteryl ester formation from oleic acid in MCF-10A cells ... in which the dysfunction of a specific step of amino acid catabolism results in the excretion of non-amino acids in the urine. ... Fatty Acids. 80 (2-3): 165-71. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2009.01.001. PMID 19217763. Bzoma B; Debska-Slizieñ A; Dudziak M; et al. ( ... The resulting transcript encodes ACAT1, which is a 45.1 kDa protein composed of 427 amino acids. It is also a homotetrameric ...

γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB), also known as β-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid (β-hydroxy-GABA), and sold under the brand ... GABOB, or β-hydroxy-GABA, is a close structural analogue of GABA (see GABA analogue), as well as of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB ... García-Flores E, Farías R (1997). "γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid as add-on therapy in adult patients with severe focal epilepsy ... 2014). "Dose-related effects of gamma-amino beta-hydroxy butyric acid (GABOB) infusion on growth hormone secretion in normal ...

... a ligand for the gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor lacking a 4-hydroxyl group". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 12 (7): 1643 ... The compound is produced by the hydrochlorination of acrylic acid. With the name UMB66, this compound is a drug used in ... Samel U, Kohler W, Gamer AO, Keuser U (2005). "Propionic Acid and Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry ... Propionic acids, All stub articles, Nervous system drug stubs). ... "Chemical Data Sheet for 3-CHLOROPROPIONIC ACID". NOAA. v t e ( ...

... γ-hydroxybutyric acid, and ketamine fall under the umbrella of the term "party drugs," each with differing neuropharmacological ... The 24-hour mean urinary concentration of phenylacetic acid was increased by 77% after exercise. ... As phenylacetic acid ... γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and ketamine. Some barbiturates and benzodiazepines may cause euphoria. Euphoriant effects are ... A 30-minute bout of moderate to high intensity aerobic exercise increases phenylacetic acid levels in healthy regularly ...

... the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. In acidic water, a mixture of the lactone and acid forms exists in an equilibrium ... In humans GBL acts as a prodrug for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and it is often used as a recreational drug. The substance ... Elliott, S.; Burgess, V. (2005). "The presence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in alcoholic ... Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB): more than a date rape drug, a potentially addictive drug]". Presse Médicale. 38 (10): 1526- ...

This enzyme participates in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies and the metabolism of butyric acid. This enzyme has ... Lehninger AL, Sudduth HC, Wise JB (August 1960). "D-beta-Hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase of muitochondria". The Journal of ... Delafield FP, Cooksey KE, Doudoroff M (October 1965). "beta-Hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase and dimer hydrolase of Pseudomonas ... "3-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (3-HBDH)". Roche. Hoque MM, Shimizu S, Juan EC, Sato Y, Hossain MT, Yamamoto T, et al. (April ...

... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ... edetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.455 - egtazic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581 - iodoacetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581.400 - ... hexuronic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.915.400.500 - iduronic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901.177 - aconitic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901. ... muramic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562 - neuraminic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562.668 - sialic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844. ...

Hydroxybutyric acids: 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (alpha-hydroxybutyric acid) beta-Hydroxybutyric acid (3-hydroxybutyric acid) gamma- ... Hydroxybutyric acid (4-hydroxybutyric acid, GHB) Hydroxyisobutyric acids 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid ...

Other beta hydroxy acids include: β-Hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxypentanoic acid 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid 3-Hydroxydecanoic acid β ... β-methylbutyric acid Carnitine Salicylic acid, a β-hydroxy acid Alpha hydroxy acid Omega hydroxy acid Miltenberger, Karlheinz ( ... beta-hydroxy acids yield an alpha-beta unsaturated acid. Compared to non-hydroxylated carboxylic acids, this group of acids is ... A beta hydroxy acid or β-hydroxy acid (BHA) is an organic compound that contains a carboxylic acid functional group and hydroxy ...

GHB Aceburic acid γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV; 4-methyl-GHB) NCS-356 (4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy- ... Crunelli V, Emri Z, Leresche N (February 2006). "Unravelling the brain targets of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid". Current Opinion ... Snead OC (November 2000). "Evidence for a G protein-coupled gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor" (PDF). Journal of ... Castelli MP (October 2008). "Multi-faceted aspects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: a neurotransmitter, therapeutic agent and drug ...

HCA2 binds and thereby is activated by D-β-hydroxybutyric acid (hereafter termed β-hydroxybutyric acid), butyric acid, and ... butyric acid activates free fatty acid receptor 2 and like β-hydroxybutyric acid activates free fatty acid receptor 3 and ... β-Hydroxybutyric acid, butyric acid, and niacin have actions that are independent of HCA2. For example: 1) β-hydroxybutyric ... mice were treated with β-hydroxybutyric acid or a placebo. Compared to placebo-treated mice, β-hydroxybutyric acid-mice showed ...

alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid (2-hydroxybutyric acid) beta-Hydroxybutyric acid (3-hydroxybutyric acid) gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (4 ... The carboxylate anion and the esters of hydroxybutyric acids are known as hydroxybutyrates. β-hydroxybutyric acid is relevant ... Hydroxybutyric acid is a group of four-carbon organic compounds that have both hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups. ... hydroxybutyric acid, GHB) 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid Sodium oxybate ...

... gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (NCS-435) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-butanoic acid (NCS-356) 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPA) ... "The role of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcoholism: from animal to clinical studies". academic.oup.com. ... Bennett, W. R. Murray; Wilson, Lawrence G.; Roy-Byrne, Peter P. (2007-09-01). "Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) Withdrawal: A ... Caputo, Fabio; Vignoli, Teo; Maremmani, Icro; Bernardi, Mauro; Zoli, Giorgio (June 2009). "Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) for ...

... s are involved in behavioral actions of ethanol, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and possibly in pain. Recent ... receptors are involved in behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)". European Journal of Pharmacology. 519 (3): ... Dzitoyeva S, Dimitrijevic N, Manev H (April 2003). "Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 mediates behavior-impairing actions of ... November 2001). "Positive allosteric modulation of native and recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acid(B) receptors by 2,6-Di-tert- ...

Nyhan's areas of research span a variety of amino acid metabolism disorders, among them 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria, 3- ... "A familial disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system function". Am. J. Med. 36 (4): 561-70. doi:10.1016/0002- ...

... a putative antagonist of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) receptor". CNS Drug Reviews. 10 (3): 243-260. doi:10.1111/j.1527- ... "Blockade of the discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) by the GHB receptor antagonist NCS-382". ... gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria)". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 302 (1): 180-187. doi:10.1124/jpet. ... 58 (3): 587-590. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00086-X. PMID 8587968. Gupta M, Greven R, Jansen EE, Jakobs C, Hogema BM, Froestl W, ...

This monoester links the same beta-hydroxybutyric acid found in ketone salts but bonded with D 1,3-butanediol (also called R 1, ... Ketone salts are usually a synthetic compound of Beta-hydroxybutyric acid, also known as βHB. It is then bonded to sodium, ... In the body, β-HB can be converted to acetoacetic acid. It is this acetoacetic acid that will enter the energy pathway using ... β-Hydroxybutyrate is also synthesized within liver cells; this is accomplished through the metabolism of fatty acids. Through a ...

... mice and characterization of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid pharmacology". Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 30 (3): 279-94. ... is a rare inborn error in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In response to the defect, ... 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria)". American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (2): 399-408. doi:10.1086/301964. PMC 1377305. PMID 9683595 ... gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria). Hypotheses evolved from 25 years of patient evaluation, studies in Aldh5a1-/- ...

... sorbic acid MeSH D10.251.355.920 - trans fatty acids MeSH D10.251.400.092 - acetic acids MeSH D10.251.400.092.129 - acetic acid ... fatty acids, omega-6 MeSH D10.251.355.343.249 - gamma-linolenic acid MeSH D10.251.355.343.500 - linoleic acids MeSH D10.251. ... linolenic acids MeSH D10.251.355.310.640.400 - alpha-linolenic acid MeSH D10.251.355.310.640.425 - gamma-linolenic acid MeSH ... oleic acids MeSH D10.251.355.325.600.525 - oleic acid MeSH D10.251.355.325.600.780 - ricinoleic acids MeSH D10.251.355.325.919 ...

"Drosophila GABAB receptors are involved in behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 519 (3): ... Although in chemical terms, GABA is an amino acid (as it has both a primary amine and a carboxylic acid functional group), it ... By convention the term "amino acid", when used without a qualifier, refers specifically to an alpha amino acid. GABA is not an ... γ-Aminobutyric acid (gamma-aminobutyric acid) /ˈɡæmə əˈmiːnoʊbjuːˈtɪrɪk ˈæsɪd/, or GABA /ˈɡæbə/, is the chief inhibitory ...

Butyric acid α-Aminobutyric acid (homoalanine) 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-hydroxybutyric acid) Other oxobutanoic acids 3- ... α-Ketobutyric acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C(O)CO2H. It is a colorless solid that melts just above room ... Oxobutanoic acid (acetoacetic acid) 4-Oxobutanoic acid (succinic semialdehyde) http://smpdb.ca/[not specific enough to verify] ... It is also one of the degradation products of threonine, produced by the catabolism of the amino acid by threonine dehydratase ...

... crotonic acid converts to the acid anhydride: Esterification of crotonic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst provides the ... Crotonic acid is soluble in water and many organic solvents. Its odor is similar to that of butyric acid. Crotonic acid ... Crotonic acid ((2E)-but-2-enoic acid) is a short-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid, described by the formula CH3CH=CHCO2H. It ... Crotonic acid converts into butyric acid by hydrogenation or by reduction with zinc and sulfuric acid. Upon treatment with ...

It is an analogue of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), as well as an active metabolite of GHB. Similarly to GHB, T-HCA has been ... trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic acid (T-HCA), also known as γ-hydroxycrotonic acid (GHC), is an agent used in scientific research to ... "Analogues of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Synthesis and binding studies". J. Med. Chem. 31 (5): 893-7. doi:10.1021/jm00400a001. ... "Selective gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor ligands increase extracellular glutamate in the hippocampus, but fail to activate ...

Hydroxybutyric acids α-Hydroxybutyric acid β-Hydroxybutyric acid γ-Hydroxybutyric acid Oxobutyric acids 2-Oxobutyric acid (α- ... It is one of the fatty acid subgroup called short-chain fatty acids. Butyric acid is a typical carboxylic acid that reacts with ... acetoacetic acid) 4-Oxobutyric acid (succinic semialdehyde) β-Methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid Most of the ... Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. ...

... accumulates and cannot be oxidized to succinic acid and is therefore reduced to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) by gamma- ... Amino acid metabolism disorders, Autosomal recessive disorders, Rare diseases, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid). ... Gibson, K. M.; Hoffmann, G. F.; Hodson, A. K.; Bottiglieri, T.; Jakobs, C. (1998). "4-Hydroxybutyric acid and the clinical ... Under normal conditions, SSADH works with the enzyme GABA transaminase to convert GABA to succinic acid. Succinic acid can then ...