Gamma-Butyrolactone
... (GBL) or γ-butyrolactone, is a hygroscopic colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor ... Gamma-Butyrolactone is often referred to be used as a date rape drug. Frequent use of GHB or GBL, even when taken long-term and ... "Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) Pre-Review Report" (PDF). 4 June 2012. Van Cauter, E.; Plat, L.; Scharf, M. B.; Leproult, R.; ... γ-Butyrolactone is produced industrially by dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol at a temperature of 180-300 °C and atmospheric ...
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
Both γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol are converted to GHB in the body. In January 2016, it was announced scientists ... Some prodrugs, such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL), convert to GHB in the stomach and blood stream. Other prodrugs exist, such as 1,4 ... Elliott S, Burgess V (July 2005). "The presence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in alcoholic ... γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol". Clinical Toxicology. 50 (6): 458-70. doi:10.3109/15563650.2012.702218. PMID 22746383. ...
Embutramide
Amide formation via reaction with gamma-butyrolactone completed the synthesis of embutramide (4). Elks J (14 November 2014). ... 31 (4): 319-20. PMID 2815545. Kintz P, Cirimele V, Ludes B (October 2002). "Blood investigation in a fatality involving the ... Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2017. Hellebrekers LJ, Baumans V, Bertens AP, Hartman W (July 1990). "[The use of ... 315-. ISBN 978-0-323-24198-4. US 3045043, Schmitt K, Henning I, Lindner E, Ott H, "New gamma-hydroxy-carboxylic acid amides and ...
2-Acetylbutyrolactone
... (ABL) is a derivative of γ-butyrolactone that is used as a precursor in organic synthesis, and it is used ... with butyrolactone in an alkaline solution. 2-Acetylbutyrolactone can also be prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with ethyl ... "Method for Preparing 2-Acetyl-y-Butyrolactone". United States Patent. Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved March ... Ritanserin Risperidone Paliperidone Ocaperidone Seganserin Setoperone Novoldiamine (1-Diethylamino-4-aminopentane) [140-80-7] ...
Expanding monomer
Also a condensation analogous to acetalisation reaction is possible.: 83 An ethanediol derivate and γ-butyrolactone are ... 49 The epoxide cyclohexene oxide and the lactone γ-butyrolactone are reacting to the spiro orthoester spiro-7-9-dioxacyclo[4.3. ... Hsu, Ying-Gev; Wan, Yen-Shen (15 July 2009). "Cationic photopolymerization of cis-2,3-tetramethylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4,4] ... reacting to a derivate of 1,4,6-trioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane. The third possibility is using dibutyltin oxide and carbon disulfide ...
Γ-Valerolactone
... γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) NIH National Toxicology Program Baird, Zachariah Steven; Uusi-Kyyny, Petri; Pokki, Juha-Pekka; Pedegert, ... 37 (4): 250-4. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt013. PMID 23486087. Fred Smith (31 December 2004). Handbook of Forensic Drug Analysis. ...
Polyorthoester
The degradation of the polymer chain sets free the initial diol and γ-butyrolactone, which is further hydrolyzed to 4- ... synthesized from γ-butyrolactone and triethylorthoformate). In polycondensation small molecules are formed (in this case of ... The 4-hydroxybutanoic acid formed is responsible for the locally lowered pH value upon polymer degradation. The commercial use ... 4, pp. 770-772, Bibcode:1997MaMol..30..770N, doi:10.1021/ma9610626 J. Heller; J. Barr (2004), "Poly(ortho esters) - from ...
SCH-50911
August 2006). "Evaluation for the withdrawal syndrome from gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and 1,4- ... butanediol (1,4-BD) in different rat lines". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1074: 545-58. doi:10.1196/annals. ...
1,4-Butanediol
At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone. It is ... gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance. In Germany, the drug is not explicitly illegal, but might also be ... Butane-1,4-diol is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" ... Butane-1,4-diol was detected by GC-MS. The production plant seems to have intended to cut costs by replacing less toxic pentane ...
Diisopropyl ether
Shoji Hara, Akira Suzuk (1998). "Synthesis of 4-(2-Bromo-2-Propenyl)-4-Methyl-Y-Butyrolactone by the Reaction of Ethyl ...
3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate
"Improved thermosets obtained from cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and γ-butyrolactone with lanthanide triflates as initiators. I. ... 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ECC) is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin which is used in many ... Record of 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexancarboxylat in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for ... 4′-epoxycyclohexancarboxylate in photoinitiated cationic polymerizations". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
4,5-tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol MeSH D03.438.079.800 - 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl ... 4,5-dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1h-pyrazol-3-amine MeSH D03.383.129.539.200 - epirizole MeSH D03.383.129.539.487 - ... 4-oxadiazole MeSH D03.383.312.649.290 - fanft MeSH D03.383.312.649.308 - furagin MeSH D03.383.312.649.313 - furazolidone MeSH ... 4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, methyl ester MeSH D03.383.725.210 - dimethindene MeSH D03.383. ...
GABA receptor agonist
4-Butanediol Baclofen GABA Gabamide GABOB gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) gamma-Hydroxyvaleric acid ( ... GHV) gamma-Valerolactone (GVL) Lesogaberan Phenibut 4-Fluorophenibut Picamilon Progabide SL-75102 Tolgabide ADX-71441 GABAA-ρ ...
C4H6O2
The molecular formula C4H6O2 may refer to: 1,4-Butynediol Butyrolactones β-Butyrolactone γ-Butyrolactone Crotonic acid Diacetyl ... or butanedione Diepoxybutane 1,4-Dioxene Isocrotonic acid Methacrylic acid Methyl acrylate Succinaldehyde Vinyl acetate ...
1,2,4-Butanetriol
... by using 3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone as a chiral synthon It is used as one of the monomers for manufacture of some polyesters ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol is also used as a precursor for two cholesterol-lowering drugs, Crestor and Zetia, which are derived from D-3 ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol is a clear or slightly yellow, odorless, hygroscopic, flammable, viscous liquid. It is an alcohol with three ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol can be prepared synthetically by several different methods such as hydroformylation of glycidol and ...
Aceburic acid
7-dione γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde (GHBAL) γ-Valerolactone (GVL) Aceturic acid Aceglutamide Ethyl acetoxy ... It is the acetyl ester of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, which is 4-hydroxybutanoic acid), and based on its structural relation to ... Aceburic acid (INN), also known as 4-acetoxybutanoic acid or 4-hydroxybutyric acid acetate, is a drug described as an analgesic ... 1052-. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Dardoize F, Goasdoue C, Goasdoue N, Laborit HM, Topall G (1989-01-01). "4-Hydroxybutyric acid ( ...
Gamma-Hydroxyvaleric acid
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) acts as a prodrug to GHV, analogously to how γ-butyrolactone (GBL) is a prodrug to GHB. 1,4-Butanediol (1 ... 37 (4): 250-4. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt013. PMID 23486087. v t e (Drugs with non-standard legal status, ECHA InfoCard ID from ... γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV), also known as 4-methyl-GHB, is a designer drug related to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). It is ... 4-BD) Aceburic acid Valerenic acid Valeric acid "GHB and Analogues: Fast Facts". National Drug Intelligence Center. January 1, ...
Succinic acid
Gamma-Butyrolactone & Polyurethanes), And Segment Forecasts To 2020". Grand View Research. September 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-18 ... 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) can be synthesized using succinic acid as a precursor. The automotive and electronics industries heavily ... This enzyme complex is a 4 subunit membrane-bound lipoprotein which couples the oxidation of succinate to the reduction of ... In humans, three HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases regulate the stability of HIFs. Hydroxylation of two prolyl residues in HIF1α ...
1-Tetralone
The AlCl3-catalyzed acylation of benzene with γ-butyrolactone produces 1-tetralone. 1-Tetralone can be reduced via a Birch ... 4-Phenylbutanoic acid can also be quantitatively converted into 1-tetralone by heating in the presence of a strong Lewis acid ... 4-Phenylbutanoic acid chlorides with electron-donating groups can be cyclized to 1-tetralones under mild reaction conditions in ... 4, pp. 249-266, doi:10.1016/S2225-4110(16)30111-0, PMC 3942903, PMID 24716140 H. Hock; W. Susemihl (1933), "Autoxydation von ...
Ethyl acetoxy butanoate
It is synthesised by the reaction of gamma-butyrolactone and ethyl acetate with sodium ethoxide. 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) 1,6- ... doi:10.1021/jf00016a014 常温下4-乙酰氧基丁酸乙酯的催化合成方法. 1994. CN1047589C v t e (Articles without InChI source, Articles without
Fischer carbene
Casey, Charles P.; Brunsvold, William R. (December 1975). "Synthesis of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone via transition metal ...
Smart cosubstrate
The formation of a thermodynamically stable gamma-butyrolactone as a co-product drives the reaction to completion while ... ChemCatChem 6 (4):973-976. doi:10.1002/cctc.201300841 Zuhse R, Leggewie C, Hollmann F, Kara S (2015) Scaling-Up of "Smart ... The use of 1,4-butanediol as an intelligent cosubstrate has also been validated in non-aqueous media using a commercial ADH. ... The use of 1,4-butanediol as a smart cosubstrate for cofactor regeneration was the next step towards more sustainable redox ...
Ethanol fermentation
... phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des ... 79 (4): 283-88. doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1973.tb03541.x. Ribéreau-Gayon, P.; Sapis, J. C. (2019). "On the presence in wine of ...
Beer
... phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des ... 79 (4): 283-288. doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1973.tb03541.x. Ribéreau-Gayon, P.; Sapis, J. C. (1965). "On the presence in wine of ... Roger Protz (4 December 2004). "The Complete Guide to World Beer". Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 21 ... In Belgium, some beers, such as table beer are of such low alcohol content (1%-4%) that they are served instead of soft drinks ...
Helenin
A comparative study of human and animal sensitivity to alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone and derivatives". The British ... 66 (4): 186-9. doi:10.1080/09674845.2009.11730271. PMID 20095126. Stampf, J (August 1978). "Allergic contact dermatitis due to ...
Ritanserin
Condensation of this β-keto lactone can be visualized to involve initial attack on the reactive butyrolactone by the primary ... 117-. ISBN 978-0-8247-5660-4. Paiva T, Arriaga F, Wauquier A, Lara E, Largo R, Leitao JN (1988). "Effects of ritanserin on ... 378 (1): 164-8. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90299-4. PMID 3091188. S2CID 43604995. Olmez I, Love S, Xiao A, Manigat L, Randolph P ... 4). Halogenation of the terminal alcohol with phosphorus oxychloride then yields 6-(2-chloroethyl)- 7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a] ...
Streptomyces virginiae
Kinoshita, H; Ipposhi, H; Okamoto, S; Nakano, H; Nihira, T; Yamada, Y (November 1997). "Butyrolactone autoregulator receptor ... 155 (Pt 4): 1250-9. doi:10.1099/mic.0.022467-0. PMID 19332826. Hopwood, David A. (2007). Streptomyces in nature and medicine : ... ISBN 978-4-431-54607-8. List of Streptomyces species "LPSN bacterio.net". Straininfo of Streptomyces virginiae "UniProt". www. ... ISBN 3-642-75617-4. {{cite book}}: ,first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Atta-ur- ...
List of EC numbers (EC 1)
A-factor type γ-butyrolactone 1′-reductase (1S-forming) EC 1.1.1.414: L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.415: noscapine ... EC 1.14.13.141: Now EC 1.14.15.29, cholest-4-en-3-one 26-monooxygenase [(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate forming] EC 1.14.13.142 ... 4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [(3E)-enoyl-CoA-producing] * *No Wikipedia article EC 1.3.2.1: now EC 1.3.99.2 EC 1.3.2.2: now EC 1.3. ... 4-chlorinase * *No Wikipedia article EC 1.14.21.1: Now EC 1.14.19.64, (S)-stylopine synthase EC 1.14.21.2: Now EC 1.14.19.65, ( ...
Tetronic acid
... and abyssomicins possess the β-keto-γ-butyrolactone motif of tetronic acid. In organic synthesis, it is used as a precursor for ... 2,4(3H,5H)-Furandione: Heteroannulations with aromatic o-amino carbonyl compounds and condensations with some vic-polyones". ... 5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone "2,4(3H,5H)-Furandione". Sigma-Aldrich. Abdou, Moaz M.; El-Saeed, Rasha A.; Abozeid, Mohamed A.; ... 12 (4): 464-475. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.11.004. Georgiadis, Dimitris; Zografos, Alexandros (2006). "Synthetic Strategies ...
GHB receptor
... metabolised into GHB by ADH and ALDH γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) - metabolised into GHB by paraoxonase γ-Valerolactone (GVL) - ... 37 (4): 250-4. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt013. PMID 23486087. Høg S, Wellendorph P, Nielsen B, Frydenvang K, Dahl IF, Bräuner-Osborne H ... 3-Hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid (HOCPCA) 4-(p-Chlorobenzyl)-GHB Aceburic acid γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) γ- ... Poldrugo F, Snead OC (January 1984). "1,4 Butanediol, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and ethanol: relationships and interactions". ...