• Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), also called hepatic adenoma, is an uncommon benign solid liver tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Because of its nonenhanced CT attenuation of less than or equal to 10 HU, a lipid-rich adrenal adenoma may be mimicked by a benign adrenal cyst, or it may be mimicked by a tumor with central cystic and/or necrotic change such as ACC, pheochromocytoma, or metastasis. (ctisus.com)
  • Adrenal adenoma is the most common benign adrenal tumor that arises from the cortex, whereas adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor of the cortex. (ctisus.com)
  • In a review of 551 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma, mitotane induced a tumor response in 35% of patients. (medscape.com)
  • And a man with an androgen-producing adrenocortical carcinoma (tumor) may not notice any effects. (immunitytherapycenter.com)
  • This kind of pituitary gland tumor, called a pituitary adenoma, is not cancer. (utswmed.org)
  • The most common is a tumor called an adrenal adenoma. (utswmed.org)
  • Clinical and outcome characteristics of children with adrenocortical tumors: a report from the International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry. (oncolink.org)
  • Noncancerous tumors that can cause Cushing syndrome include: Adrenal adenomas, a common tumor that rarely makes excess cortisol. (jacanswers.com)
  • Introduction: Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • In this paper, we report imaging findings of an adrenal tumor containing a pseudocyst and a myelolipoma which was confused with adrenocortical carcinoma. (jurolsurgery.org)
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor with an incidence rate of approximately 0.7/million to 2.0/million in the population [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • It was identified that the nuclear division cycle 80, cyclin B2 and topoisomerase 2‑α may serve important roles in adrenocortical tumor development. (cancerindex.org)
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare tumor has the propensity to produce and secrete steroids with the most frequent condition is a cortisol-secreting ACC causing Cushingoid phenotype. (jofem.org)
  • Adrenocortical adenoma is a benign tumor that is either functional (hormonally active) or non-functioning (hormonally inactive) and is usually asymptomatic, found via unrelated CT scan. (mdapp.co)
  • In MEN2, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serve as excellent tumor markers for medullary thyroid carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • In a relatively recent study, nearly one-third of adenomas grew over time, all at a rate of less than 3 mm per year, as compared with all malignant nodules, which grew at a rate of greater than 5 mm per year. (ctisus.com)
  • The adaptation of cells to hypoxia appears to be mediated via hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) which is also said to be associated with malignant transformation of epithelial cells in various other carcinomas like prostate and cervical carcinoma. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Adrenocortical tumors may be benign or malignant. (docsbay.net)
  • Although the lesion had typical malignant features on imaging, histopathological examination revealed an adrenocortical adenoma. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Adrenocortical tumors encompass a spectrum of diseases with often seamless transition from benign (adenoma) to malignant (carcinoma) behavior. (oncolink.org)
  • Berstein L, Gurney JG: Carcinomas and other malignant epithelial neoplasms. (oncolink.org)
  • In 15% malignant entities were detected on final histology, including 6% adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and 8% metastases to the adrenal glands. (unibe.ch)
  • Malignant adrenal masses, primary adrenocortical carcinoma, retroperitoneal teratomas and mesenchymal tumors were considered in the differential diagnosis. (jurolsurgery.org)
  • All imaging findings were suggestive of adrenal malignant tumors, primarily adrenocortical carcinoma, secondarily teratomas or mesenchymal tumors. (jurolsurgery.org)
  • Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are also known as hepatic adenomas, telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) or, less commonly, liver cell adenomas. (medscape.com)
  • Lesions based on histology were classified as cortical adrenal hyperplasia ( n = 67), adenocarcinoma ( n = 17), pheochromocytoma ( n = 10), metastases ( n = 7), adrenal adenoma ( n = 4), and adrenalitis ( n = 4). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by hyperplasia or adenomas of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cell tumors (also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), and/or pituitary gland tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some elegant clinical observations of dysregulated cortisol-secretion in cases of ACTH-independent macronodular hyperplasia (AIMAH) and more rarely adrenocortical adenomas (ACA) have led to the concept of aberrant or illegitimate membrane receptors (AR) in adrenal Cushing syndrome. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Other less common etiologies of endogenous Cushing's syndrome include ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS ~10%), adrenal adenomas and carcinomas and, more rarely, adrenal primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) or primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD) ( Table 1 ). (scielo.br)
  • Cancerous tumors of the adrenal cortex (adrenocortical carcinomas) are sporadic, but they can cause Cushing syndrome as well. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Introduction: Alterations of the cAMP signaling pathway are described in adrenal tumors causing Cushing syndrome, specifically mutations in the gene coding for the protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit alpha (PRAKCA) in cortisol producing adenomas (CPA) with overt Cushing syndrome.Materiel and Methods: Eight CPAs without PRKACA mutations were analyzed by whole exome sequencing. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Genomic and sequence variants of protein kinase A regulatory subunit type 1beta (PRKAR1B) in patients with adrenocortical disease and Cushing syndrome. (ukw.de)
  • Non-functioning adenomas have a good prognosis whilst functional adenomas may complicate to Cushing syndrome, virilization, or hyperaldosteronism. (mdapp.co)
  • Heterogeneous adrenal adenomas may mimic ACC, metastasis, or pheochromocytoma, particularly when they are 4 cm or larger, whereas smaller versions of ACC, metastasis, and pheochromocytoma and those with washout greater than 60% may mimic adenoma. (ctisus.com)
  • More recent data have shown that these values are not as specific for adenoma as previously believed, since other adrenal tumors such as pheochromocytoma, hypervascular metastases, and ACC also can meet these washout thresholds. (ctisus.com)
  • Surprisingly, following adrenocortical adenoma and pheochromocytoma, the third most common histological entity was metastasis of different extra-adrenal primary tumors to the adrenal gland. (unibe.ch)
  • Can established CT attenuation and washout criteria for adrenal adenoma accurately exclude pheochromocytoma? (mdapp.co)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplastic type 2 is a rare genetic syndrome, characterized by the familial occurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma either isolated or associated with pheochromocytoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, or typical features (Marfanoid habitus, mucosal neuromas). (nih.gov)
  • In addition, pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas were found to share similar patterns of gene expression when compared with those published for adult ACT. (figshare.com)
  • Factors associated with survival in pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). (oncolink.org)
  • Both lipid-rich and lipid-poor adenomas rapidly wash out contrast, whereas non-adenomas (e.g. metastases) take longer to washout. (mdapp.co)
  • With non-cancerous adenomas, the growth develops in the adrenal gland and results in a condition called primary hyperaldosteronism, in which the adrenal medulla produces excess aldosterone. (immunitytherapycenter.com)
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas are sporadic tumors in the vast majority of cases, but they can rarely be part of genetic conditions such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (NEM1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (NEM4) and familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) ( 8 8. (scielo.br)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is a rare genetic syndrome, characterized by the co-occurrence, in the same individual or in related individuals of the same family, of hyperparathyroidism, duodenopancraetic neuroendocrine tumors, pituitary adenomas, adrenocortical tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) in the thymus, the bronchi, or the stomach. (nih.gov)
  • Adrenal carcinomas arise from the adrenal cortex and are bilateral in up to 10% of patients. (medscape.com)
  • Today, localization studies are mandatory prior to bilateral exploration for adenomas. (medscape.com)
  • DNA adduct formation forms the basis of the carcinogenesis theory for pyrrolizidine alkaloids and why their consumption is associated with multiple types of neoplasia, including hemangiosarcoma, hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma, and bronchoalveolar adenoma/carcinoma in various rodent models. (usda.gov)
  • To evaluate the expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (ijpmonline.org)
  • Immunohistochemistry was used to detect E-cad expression in 20 cases each of normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. (ijpmonline.org)
  • We observed a significant decrease in E-cad expression from dysplasia to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma suggesting that loss of expression of E-cad is closely related to carcinoma. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Adrenal cortical adenoma. (epnet.com)
  • Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116764/Adrenal-cortical-adenoma. (epnet.com)
  • Absolute washout ≥ 60% is strongly suggestive of adrenal adenoma. (mdapp.co)
  • The incidence of adrenocortical tumors in children is extremely low (only 0.2% of pediatric cancers). (oncolink.org)
  • In the non-Brazilian cases, relatives of children with adrenocortical tumors often, although not invariably, have a high incidence of nonadrenal cancers (Li-Fraumeni syndrome). (oncolink.org)
  • Adrenocortical carcinomas, or adrenal cancers, are the least common cause of Cushing's syndrome. (jacanswers.com)
  • Most of these cases involve non-cancerous tumors called adrenal adenomas, which release excess cortisol into the blood. (jacanswers.com)
  • This highlights that imaging alone may not be able to distinguish adrenocortical carcinomas from adrenal masses. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The major role for surgery in this patient population occurs with primary adrenal hypercorticalism either due to adenomas or to adrenal carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • The European Society of Endocrinology and the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors has taken a simpler approach and recommend no further follow-up imaging for nodules less than 4 cm with a nonenhanced attenuation of less than 10 HU (ie, those that can be diagnosed as lipid-rich adenomas). (ctisus.com)
  • 20 mm in diameter and nodular in shape were often identified as cortical hyperplastic nodules or adenomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unilateral adrenal adenomas are generally treated surgically. (medscape.com)
  • Adrenocortical hormone (ACTH) is produced by the anterior pituitary lobe. (labtestsguide.com)
  • Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare clinical condition that is due to ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma, and it is the most common etiology of endogenous Cushing's syndrome after 6 yrs of age (~70%) ( 2 2. (scielo.br)
  • 10HU, if absolute washout is more than 60%, then that is a lipid-poor adenoma. (mdapp.co)
  • A substantial minority of pheochromocytomas (30-45%) have absolute or relative washout characteristics that overlap with those of lipid-poor adenomas. (mdapp.co)
  • Its phenotype is changing from single lesions to multiple lesions owing to the reduction in estrogen exposure and increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome as driving factors in the formation of hepatic adenoma. (medscape.com)
  • Prior to this, a study by Edmonson reported finding only two hepatic adenomas among 50,000 autopsy specimens at Los Angeles County Hospital between 1907 and 1958. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] In 1973, Baum et al first suggested an association between hepatic adenomas and OCPs. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatic adenoma, inflammatory type, with associated ischemic necrosis and extensive hemorrhage. (ocu-radiology.jp)
  • A detailed hormonal workup is also recommended to identify potential autonomous excess of glucocorticoids, sex hormones, mineralocorticoids, and adrenocortical steroid hormone precursors. (medscape.com)
  • Seventy-nine adrenal cortical tumours were divided into adenomas (n = 17), non-metastatic carcinomas (n = 24) and carcinomas with metastatic disease and/or local recurrence during follow-up (n = 19) or at time of presentation (n = 19). (surgeonsoftomorrow.com)
  • Ribeiro RC, Figueiredo B: Childhood adrenocortical tumours. (oncolink.org)
  • Penetrance of adrenocortical tumours associated with the germline TP53 R337H mutation. (oncolink.org)
  • A general objective of the Endocrine Unit mission is to collect data from patients undergoing surgery for medullary thyroid carcinoma to gather relevant demographics, clinical and genetic features, extent of surgery, pathology finding, in order to create an extensive database including also follow-up data. (unipd.it)
  • Because the attenuation of simple fluid is less than or equal to 10 HU, a homogeneous unilocular cystic adrenal lesion can mimic adenoma at nonenhanced CT. (ctisus.com)
  • In this paper, we report the imaging findings of an adrenal lesion with pseudocyst and myelolipoma mimicking an adrenocortical carcinoma in a 42-year-old female patient. (jurolsurgery.org)
  • To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an adrenal lesion containing myelolipoma and hemorrhagic pseudocyst mimicking an adrenal carcinoma in the literature. (jurolsurgery.org)
  • Ongoing research programs are focused on primary aldosteronism, hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. (unipd.it)