Chromaffin cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

A tumor arising from these cells is called neuroblastoma. (wikipedia.org)
These terms can be used interchangeably but usually paraganglioma refer to a tumor originating from chromaffin cells outside the adrenal gland, which can also be called extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, whereas pheochromocytoma typically refer to a tumor originating from the chromaffin cells within the adrenal gland. (wikipedia.org)
The different tumor properties may be linked to specific tumor founder cells in adrenal and sympathetic ganglia. (institut-curie.org)
The differential dependence of chromaffin cells and neuroblasts on BET and CDK signaling may indicate different mechanisms during tumor initiation in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal. (institut-curie.org)
A pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumor of chromaffin cells. (merckvetmanual.com)
Transporters on the plasma membrane of tumor cells are promising molecular "Trojan horses" to deliver drugs and imaging agents into cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
mIBG enters cancer cells through the norepinephrine transporter (NET) where the radioactive decay of 131 I causes DNA damage, cell death, and tumor necrosis. (aspetjournals.org)
Pheochromocytoma (Pheo) is a tumor derived from chromaffin cells. (bvsalud.org)
[ 10 ] SDH- associated syndromes are characterized by the development of PGLs, with an additional risk for developing other tumor types [ e.g. , clear cell renal cancer (RCC), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and, more rarely, neuroendocrine tumors and pituitary adenomas]. (medscape.com)

Although a common sympathoadrenal (SA) progenitor cell for chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons has been postulated, there is evidence to suggest that chromaffin progenitors are already distinct, at least in part, from neuronal SA progenitors prior to invading the adrenal gland. (huji.ac.il)
Distinct developmental requirements of chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons must also be assumed based on the analyses of mice carrying targeted mutations of the genes for two transcription factors, MASH1 and Phox2B. (huji.ac.il)
Both genes are expressed by SA progenitors, but are distinctly required for the development of chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons. (huji.ac.il)
Such molecules may be candidates for triggering the distinct developmental pathway of chromaffin cells, as opposed to sympathetic neurons. (huji.ac.il)
CAPS was originally identified as a factor which reconstitutes secretion in permeabilised neuroendocrine cells, and has since been recognised as important in regulated release of DCVs in C. elegans and large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells, as well as in SV exocytosis in neurons. (uni-goettingen.de)
Thus, at least in mammals, both Munc13s and CAPS proteins are critical in the regulation of both SV and LDCV exocytosis in neurons as well as in neuroendocrine cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
The diversification of neural-crest-derived sympathoadrenal (SA) progenitor cells into sympathetic neurons and neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cells was thought to be largely understood. (silverchair.com)
Neurons, chromaffin cells and membrane fusion. (nih.gov)
Proteoglycans involved in bidirectional communication between mast cells and hippocampal neurons. (us.es)
This is because NCCs are a population of stem cell-like progenitors that delaminate and migrate to give rise to a dizzying array of cell types all throughout our bodies and most of the skull: pigment cells, sensory neurons, glia, cartilage, bone, connective tissue, smooth muscle, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (biologists.com)
The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)

In lower concentrations, extra-adrenal chromaffin cells also reside in the bladder wall, prostate, and behind the liver. (wikipedia.org)
Extra-Adrenal Chromaffin Cells of the Zuckerkandl Paraganglion: Morphological and Electrophysiological Study. (us.es)

Although overexpression studies had also implicated Munc13s in LDCV release in chromaffin cells, in this cell type no LDCV release deficit had ever been demonstrated in their absence, and CAPSs proteins had been suggested to be the main regulators of LDCV exocytosis. (uni-goettingen.de)
To gain a more complete picture of potential differences in the regulation of SV and LDCV exocytosis, we investigated the role of different Munc13 isoforms in chromaffin cell LDCV exocytosis. (uni-goettingen.de)
This study is the first to report a deficit in chromaffin cell LDCV exocytosis in the absence of Munc13 isoforms. (uni-goettingen.de)
By contrast, deletion of Baiap3, another Munc13 isoform with relatively high expression in adrenal medulla, did not lead to changes in LDCV exocytosis and its overexpression could not rescue the release deficit of Munc13-1/2-deficient cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
The remaining Munc13 isoforms, bMunc13-2, Munc13-3 and Munc13-4 are not expressed in perinatal adrenal glands and do not contribute to LDCV exocytosis in this cell type. (uni-goettingen.de)
Taken together, our findings show that ubMunc13-2 and Munc13-1 regulate LDCV exocytosis in chromaffin cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
Recently, miRNA exocytosis by vesicle fusion in response to stimulation was observed in chromaffin cells, which are neuroendocrine cells in the sympathetic nervous system ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
The objective of this review is to discuss how miRNAs are released by active exocytosis and to examine the physiological functions of vesicle-free miRNAs in neuroendocrine cells. (frontiersin.org)
Calcium-dependent exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells is reduced due to a reduced number of secretory vesicles in releasable pools. (jax.org)
J. Oliver Dolly Ca 2+ -triggered catecholamine exocytosis from chromaffin cells involves SNAP-25, synaptobrevin and syntaxin (known as SNAREs). (biologists.com)

In non-mammals, chromaffin cells are found in a variety of places, generally not organised as an individual organ, and may be without innervation, relying only on endocrine or paracrine signals for secretion. (wikipedia.org)
This increased sympathetic activity leads to chronically increased synthesis and secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal chromaffin cells. (wikipedia.org)
This chronic increase of epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion causes desensitization of the chromaffin cells to catecholamines resulting in a decrease in production and presence of α2 adrenergic receptors on their cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
This desensitization and downregulation of α2 adrenergic receptors is caused by the upregulation of the enzyme Adrenal G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) which effectively eliminates the normal autocrine-type negative feedback that normally prevents the cells from over producing the catecholamines and replaces it with a positive feedback loop in which increased secretion further elicits more secretion. (wikipedia.org)
Using patch-clamp techniques, excitation and secretion in chromaffin cells were studied by measurement of unitary inward currents and of stimulus-evoked increments in membrane capacitance. (mpg.de)
When expressed in chromaffin cells from SNAP-25 null mice, the isoforms support different levels of secretion. (nih.gov)
this observation demonstrates that vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells, in a manner similar to hormone secretion. (frontiersin.org)

The chromaffin cells release catecholamines: ~80% of adrenaline (epinephrine) and ~20% of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) into systemic circulation for systemic effects on multiple organs (similarly to secretory neurones of the hypothalamus), and can also send paracrine signals. (wikipedia.org)
The biosynthesis and storage of catecholamines in chromaffin cell tumors may differ from the biosynthesis and storage in the normal medulla. (medscape.com)
Pheochromocytomas arise from the adrenal medullary chromaffin cells that normally synthesize and secrete the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. (merckvetmanual.com)

We provisionally categorized the adrenal gland as nerve tissue because of the presence of chromaffin cells in the medulla of the gland. (cdc.gov)

Chromaffin cells, also called pheochromocytes (or phaeochromocytes), are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Hence they are called neuroendocrine cells. (wikipedia.org)
This review focuses on the mechanisms by which vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells and will discuss potential functions of vesicle-free miRNAs and how vesicle-free miRNAs regulate cell-to-cell communication. (frontiersin.org)

Tumors arising from these cell are called paragangliomas or pheochromocytomas. (wikipedia.org)
Background: Pheochromocytomas (PHEO) are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

We show that neuroblast and chromaffin cell proliferation was affected by WNT, ALK, IGF1, and PRC2/EZH2 signaling inhibitors to a similar extent. (institut-curie.org)
Potassium (K + ) channels have an important role in HCC, including regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance of HCC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lang F, Föller M, Lang KS, Lang PA, Ritter M, Gulbins E, Vereninov A and Huber SM: Ion channels in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death. (spandidos-publications.com)
Metformin has been shown to have antiproliferative properties in several cancer cell lines, possibly related to its ability to inhibit cell proliferation pathways. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin in the survival and proliferation of PHEO cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The effects of metformin on cell proliferation markers were analyzed by western blot. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Moreover, metformin treatment reduced the activation of proteins of the AMPK/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway, which suggests growth and cell proliferation impairment. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

The resistance to ethanol of carbachol‐induced catecholamine release from cells grown in medium containing ethanol also extended to the inhibitory effects of butanol. (uky.edu)

The properties of Ca(2+)- and voltage-dependent K+ currents and their role in defining membrane potential were studied in cultured rat chromaffin cells. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, important properties of chromaffin cell membrane excitability are determined by the type of BK current expressed. (jneurosci.org)
The essential membrane fusion apparatus in mammalian cells, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex, consists of four alpha-helices formed by three proteins: SNAP-25, syntaxin 1, and synaptobrevin 2. (nih.gov)
Liquid-liquid phase separation in cells has emerged as a common principle for the organization of membrane-less compartments. (ki.se)

The concept of an essential role of glucocorticoid signalling for chromaffin cell development has been shaken by the observation that chromaffin cells in mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor develop largely normal. (huji.ac.il)
However, analysis of mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor gene had revealed that adrenal chromaffin cells develop mostly normally in these mice. (silverchair.com)

There are two types of cells that originate from the neural crest and are related to the sympathetic nervous system (originate from a cell called sympathogonia): 1) Neuroblasts: These cells migrate, during the fourth to the fifth week of fetal development in humans, on both sides of the spinal cord toward the region just behind the dorsal aorta forming the two chains of sympathetic ganglia (Sympathetic chain). (wikipedia.org)
Some of these cells will migrate to the adrenal medulla to form sympathetic ganglia cells within the adrenal medulla (without postsynaptic sympathetic fibers). (wikipedia.org)
2) Chromaffin cells (or pheochromocytes): These cells will migrate to the area adjacent to the sympathetic ganglia (hence the name paraganglia) and to the adrenal medulla where they will be the most abundant type of cells. (wikipedia.org)
the chromaffin cells settle near the sympathetic ganglia, the vagus nerve, paraganglia, and carotid arteries. (medscape.com)

In-vitro studies with isolated SA progenitor cells had suggested that chromaffin cell differentiation depends crucially on glucocorticoids provided by adrenal cortical cells. (silverchair.com)

Dissociated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in culture were utilized to study the mechanisms for development of cellular tolerance to ethanol. (uky.edu)

In the fifth week of fetal development, neuroblastic cells migrate from the thoracic neural crest to form the sympathetic chains and preaortic ganglia. (medscape.com)
Presumably, the ability to delaminate, migrate, and differentiate into several different cell types would have been added on to these ancestral melanocyte progenitors 6,7 . (biologists.com)

The ubiquitous (ub)Munc13-2 is the dominant isoform in murine chromaffin cells, and its deletion results in reductions of 60% of the fast burst component, of 52% of the slow burst component and of 72% of the sustained component, which is a more drastic reduction of release than in chromaffin cells of CAPS-deficient mice. (uni-goettingen.de)

These cells are derivatives of the neural crest and are intimately associated with the sympathetic nervous system. (huji.ac.il)
Of course, one of the most important vertebrate features is a population of cells called the Neural Crest Cells (NCCs). (biologists.com)
In cephalochordates, the other major chordate subphylum, cells along the lateral borders of the neural plate give rise to melanocytes associated with a series of light-sensing organs in the neural tube, known as Dorsal Ocelli 2 . (biologists.com)
Although the peripheral nervous systems of tunicate larvae have several sensory neuron subtypes 9 , none of them have been decisively linked to NCCs, either because they do not arise from the neural plate borders or because they more closely resemble non-NCC-derived sensory cells in vertebrates. (biologists.com)

Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system. (jefferson.edu)

To address this question, we first set up cultures of mouse sympathetic neuroblasts and adrenal chromaffin cells. (institut-curie.org)
However, differential effects were observed in response to bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors (JQ1, GSK1324726A) and to the CDK-7 inhibitor THZ1, with BET inhibitors preferentially affecting chromaffin cells, and THZ1 preferentially affecting neuroblasts. (institut-curie.org)

International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology 1986 : Coolfont, W. Va. (nih.gov)
Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)

Chromaffin cells also settle near the vagus nerve and carotid arteries. (wikipedia.org)

Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
[12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing mIBG transport in cancer and normal cells is a critical step for developing strategies to optimize the efficacy of 131 I-mIBG while minimizing toxicity in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)

Although extracellular miRNAs are believed to contribute to cell-to-cell communication, the mechanisms by which miRNAs are released are still not understood. (frontiersin.org)

In general they originate in the chromaffin cells. (knowcancer.com)

The largest extra-adrenal cluster of chromaffin cells in mammals is the organ of Zuckerkandl. (wikipedia.org)

Meeting-Abstract: Exo-Endocytosis in Response to Stress Hormonal Stimulation in Peritoneal Mast Cells. (us.es)

Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. (usda.gov)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression inside the cell. (frontiersin.org)
in this way, vesicle-free miRNA may regulate cell-to-cell communication including the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Recently, the gene regulatory networks specifying and differentiating these cells have been shown to be shared with the NCC-derived melanocytes of vertebrates, strengthening the case for homology 5 . (biologists.com)

These cells serve a variety of functions such as serving as a response to stress, monitoring carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the body, maintenance of respiration and the regulation of blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
Methods: Cell viability was evaluated by MTT and TRIPAN assays using the PC12-Adh PHEO cell line treated with metformin in increasing concentrations (0 30 mM). (endocrine-abstracts.org)

The presence of ethanol in vitro was inhibitory to all these stimuli in untreated cell cultures, carbachol‐induced release being most sensitive (IC 50 approximately 30 mm). (uky.edu)
Growing viruses in cell cultures allowed preparation of purified viruses for the manufacture of vaccines . (wikipedia.org)
This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)

the former produce norepinephrine, the latter arise out of N cells through interaction with glucocorticoids, and convert norepinephrine into epinephrine. (wikipedia.org)

Results and Discussion: Metformin at 20 mM induced an inhibition of 60% of cell viability after 48 h treatment, as compared to untreated controls, and increased cellular lipid peroxidation, while decreased O 2 consumption in PC12-Adh PHEO cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Our results suggest that metformin has a moderate inhibitory effect on the viability of PC12-Adh PHEO cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Chromaffin Cells" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)

Intestinal and Peritoneal Mast Cells Differ in Kinetics of Quantal Release. (us.es)
Identification of a New Exo-Endocytic Mechanism Triggered by Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Mast Cells. (us.es)

Further, cancer treatment often involves radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which not only kills cancer cells but also affects healthy cells. (aspetjournals.org)

Neoplasms arising from these cells are pheochromocytomas (also called chromaffin or sympathetic paragangliomas, in contrast to non-chromaffin or parasympathetic paragangliomas of glomus cells). (wikipedia.org)
In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)

Sia D, Villanueva A, Friedman S and Llovet J: Liver cancer cell of origin, molecular class, and effects on patient prognosis. (spandidos-publications.com)

In order to activate chromaffin cells, the splanchnic nerve of the sympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine, which then binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the adrenal medulla. (wikipedia.org)
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are innervated by the splanchnic nerve and secrete adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), some dopamine, enkephalin and enkephalin-containing peptides, and a few other hormones into the blood stream. (wikipedia.org)
In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated the growth of frog embryonic cells that would give rise to nerve cells in a medium of clotted lymph . (wikipedia.org)
the donor.4,11 In the case of nerve cells obtained from either delivery of dopamine released from cells the developing central nervous system (CNS), the opti- implanted into the ventricle, adjacent to the stria- mal age was shown to be at, or close to, the cell-cycle tum,6,7 or restoration of synaptic dopamine release exit. (lu.se)

The adrenal medulla, composed of chromaffin cells, secretes the hormone epinephrine, also called adrenaline, in response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system at times of stress. (funtrivia.com)

There is an ongoing search for molecules selectively operating at the sites, where chromaffin cells develop. (huji.ac.il)

This article summarizes some of the recent progress in understanding the development of chromaffin cells. (huji.ac.il)
Harper, JC & Littleton, JM 1990, ' Development of Tolerance to Ethanol in Cultured Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ', Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research , vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 508-512. (uky.edu)
The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science1

Tumor9

Neurons12

Extra-adrenal chromaffin cells2

Exocytosis10

Secretion7

Catecholamines3

Adrenal gland1

Neuroendocrine cells3

Tumors2

Proliferation7

Catecholamine1

Membrane4

Lacking the glucocorticoid receptor2

Sympathetic ganglia4

Progenitor1

Bovine1

Migrate2

Mice1

Neural4

PARAGANGLIA1

Neuroblasts2

Biology3

Vagus nerve1

Tissues3

Mechanisms1

Originate1

Mammals1

Abstract1

Secretory vesicles1

Gene3

Concentrations2

Cultures3

Glucocorticoids1

PHEO2

MeSH1

Mast Cells2

Involves1

Contrast2

Liver1

Nerve4

Hormone1

Search1

Development3