• Recently developed Pore-C can capture multiway chromatin contacts that reflect regional topologies of single chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Autosomes can be described as the non-sex chromosomes that play diverse roles in the human body like harboring genes for the body's metabolism, functioning, and growth. (biologyonline.com)
  • An autosome is defined as any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes . (biologyonline.com)
  • These chromosomes exist in pairs in the somatic cells in contrast to their solo presence in germinal or sex cells , i.e. gametes . (biologyonline.com)
  • Human autosomes , the non-sex human chromosomes, are integral components of the human genome . (biologyonline.com)
  • Although sex hormones play a key role in sex differences in susceptibility, severity, outcomes, and response to therapy of different diseases, sex chromosomes are also increasingly recognized as an important factor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • X-degenerate sequences are single copy and broadly expressed genes which were evolved from ancestral autosomes to generate sex chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sex is principally determined by genotype in all species, but the mechanisms range from a single controlling locus to sex chromosomes bearing several linked loci required for sex determination. (researchgate.net)
  • The genome of some vole rodents exhibit large blocks of heterochromatin coupled to their sex chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we show prominent epigenetic marks of the heterochromatic blocks in the giant sex chromosomes of female Microtus cabrerae cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data reveal that histone acetylation level affects DNA replication dynamics of the sex chromosomes' heterochromatin and leads to a global reduction in replication fork rate genome wide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, we mapped major epigenetic modifications controlling the structure of the sex chromosome-associated heterochromatin and demonstrated the occurrence of differences in the molecular mechanisms controlling the replication timing of the heterochromatic blocks at the sex chromosomes in female Microtus cabrerae cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In some vole species, a bulk of constitutive heterochromatin is coupled to both sex chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sex hormones and genes on the sex chromosomes are not only key factors in the regulation of sexual differentiation and reproduction but they are also deeply involved in brain homeostasis. (mdpi.com)
  • Figure 2: SOX9 gene on the autosome 17 (long arm) plays an integral role in gonadal sex determination. (biologyonline.com)
  • Alex is interested how these PcG-mediated chromatin modifications are involved in the differentiation of motor neurons. (dasenlab.com)
  • This suggests a link between male-biased germline expression and sex differentiation in the sea lamprey. (nature.com)
  • For the first time, our research now suggests that the germline-specific region of the genome-the part jettisoned from somatic cells-holds the key to sea lamprey sex differentiation, and we propose a mechanism for how environmental and genetic factors might work together to control lamprey gonadal development. (nature.com)
  • The high-mobility group (HMG) domain is a DNA-binding motif that is shared abundant non-histone components of chromatin and by specific regulators of transcription and cell differentiation. (embl.de)
  • Sex specific development in the human comprises irreversible sexual differentiation of the external genitalia during embryogenesis, sexual maturation of secondary sex characteristics during puberty (e.g., sex specific body proportions, pubertal voice change) and eventually sex specific development of extragenital tissues and organs, including the brain. (pediatricendoreviews.com)
  • From a developmental perspective, this often leads to irreversible long-term changes of anatomy (e.g., sex-specific differentiation of the external genitalia) and function (e.g., sex-specific play behavior in children). (pediatricendoreviews.com)
  • Use of this method to target doublesex (a gene involved in sex differentiation) or fork head (which encodes a salivary gland transcription factor) resulted in reduced target gene expression and/or protein immunofluorescence signal, as measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) or fluorescence confocal microscopy, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • The protein is thought to disrupt chromatin in localized areas, enhancing transcription of certain genes while repressing the transcription of other genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Y chromosome harbors male‑specific genes, which either solely or in cooperation with their X-counterpart, and independent or in conjunction with sex hormones have a considerable impact on basic physiology and disease mechanisms in most or all tissues development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, loss of Y chromosome and/or aberrant expression of Y chromosome genes cause sex differences in disease mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The role of MSY genes in important cellular processes such as transcription regulation, translation, and protein stability in males is vital not only in sex determination but also in sex-dependent organ development [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here by using CRISPR/Cas9 and electrophysiological techniques we found that courtship and mating behaviors are regulated in male silk moths by mutating genes in the sex determination cascade belonging to two conserved pathways. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • 3. Gempe T, Beye M. Function and evolution of sex determination mechanisms, genes and pathways in insects. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • TRIM28 is recruited on chromatin in the proximity of FOXL2 to maintain the ovarian pathway and to repress testicular-specific genes. (gencelldis.fr)
  • The role of TRIM28 in ovarian maintenance depends on its E3-SUMO ligase activity that regulates the sex-specific SUMOylation profile of ovarian-specific genes. (gencelldis.fr)
  • Sex-associated Early-life viral Innate Immune Response is Transcriptionally Associated with chromatin remodeling of Type-I IFN-inducible Genes Published in Mucosal Immunology on June 9th, 2023 Check out these new findings from MCIDT Affiliates Dr. Nicholas Lukacs and. (umich.edu)
  • Complex patterns of posttranslational modifications of chromatin including acetylation of histones establish combinatorial signals that are apparently interpreted by chromatin-binding proteins and the gene expression machinery to control transcriptional activity of individual genes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Potential methylation regulation of chromatin structure. (github.io)
  • Although epigenetic information is heritable, it is not stored in the sequence of the DNA but mainly in the modification pattern of the chromatin, i.e. the methylation of cytosine residues in the DNA or covalent modifications of the histones. (pediatricendoreviews.com)
  • Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
  • Furuta, T, Arur S . sart -3 functions to regulate germline sex determination in C. elegans . (mdanderson.org)
  • In addition to quantifying the mites' proteins, the researchers found that males and females expressed proteins involved in chromatin remodeling differently. (asbmb.org)
  • Part of what that might be pointing to is the mites exposing different parts of the DNA to express more sex-specific proteins. (asbmb.org)
  • Chromatin modifications - mediated through the activity of Polycomb group proteins - have been implicated in a range of biological processes, from sex-determination to cancer progression. (dasenlab.com)
  • HMG-box domains are found in one or more copies in HMG-box proteins, which form a large, diverse family involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and strand repair, all of which require the bending and unwinding of chromatin. (embl.de)
  • Furthermore, AT-hook motifs are frequently associated with known functional domains seen in chromatin proteins and in DNA-binding proteins (e.g. histone folds, homeodomains and zinc fingers). (embl.de)
  • Histone deacetylases (HDAC) reverse the acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins and thereby modulate chromatin structure and function of nonhistone proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Reversible acetylation of histone proteins is considered to affect local structure of chromatin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • For example, histone variants and histone modifications can influence local chromatin structure, either directly or indirectly. (nature.com)
  • Helicase domino: Exchanges phosphorylated histone for acetylated form, with chromatin remodeling impacting gene expression. (github.io)
  • Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)
  • In Drosophila, the Additional sex combs (Asx) gene encodes a chromatin-binding protein required for normal determination of segment identity in the developing embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4. Graham PL, Yanowitz JL, Penn JK, Deshpande G, Schedl P. The translation initiation factor eIF4E regulates the sex-specific expression of the master switch gene Sxl in Drosophila melanogaster. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • 5. Hashiyama K, Hayashi Y, Kobayashi S. Drosophila Sex lethal gene initiates female development in germline progenitors. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Sexual back talk with evolutionary implications: stimulation of the Drosophila sex-determination gene sex-lethal by its target transformer. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Regulation of olfactory-based sex behaviors in. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Regulation of sex-specific selection of fruitless 5' splice sites by transformer and transformer-2. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In higher eukaryotes, the nuclear genome is compartmentalized into distinct chromatin territories to facilitate the regulation of complex processes such as DNA repair, transcription and replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reyes-Castro R, Chen SY, Seemann J, Kundu ST, Gibbons D, Arur S . Phosphorylated nuclear DICER1 promotes open chromatin state and lineage plasticity of AT2 tumor cells in lung adenocarcinomas. (mdanderson.org)
  • Reyes-Castro R, Chen SY, Seemann J, Arur S . ERK-dependent DICER1 phosphorylation promotes open chromatin state and lineage plasticity to mediate tumor progression. (mdanderson.org)
  • Canonical three-dimensional (3D) genome structures represent the ensemble average of pairwise chromatin interactions but not the single-allele topologies in populations of cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because sea lamprey sex ratios shifted from ~75% male to ~75% female following initiation of sea lamprey control, environmental sex determination (which has been observed in some fishes and many reptiles) was suggested previously, and a systematic and exhaustive analysis of the sea lamprey somatic genome, led by Dr. Phil Grayson (second author on this paper), found no evidence of genomic differences between males and females (Grayson et al. (nature.com)
  • Transcription start site heterogeneity and its role in RNA fate determination distinguish HIV-1 from other retroviruses and are mediated by core promoter elements Published on 8 September 2023 in the Journal of Virology MCIDT Affiliate Dr. Alice Telesnitsky's research. (umich.edu)
  • In the C. elegans germline, reprograming germ cells into somatic cells requires chromatin perturbation. (scite.ai)
  • Here, we show that TRIM28 is required to prevent female-to-male sex reversal of the mouse ovary after birth. (gencelldis.fr)
  • High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) enables the global quantification of chromatin interaction frequency in eukaryotic nuclei. (bvsalud.org)
  • A subset of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) is at risk for malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs). (pediatricendoreviews.com)
  • Briggs D.K. The individuality of nuclear chromatin with particular reference to polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes. (ijmhr.org)
  • Additionally, SIRT1 can regulate the acetylation of sex determining region Y- (SRY-) box 9 (SOX9) through nuclear translocation [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 7. Valcárcel J, Singh R, Zamore PD, Green MR. The protein Sex-lethal antagonizes the splicing factor U2AF to regulate alternative splicing of transformer pre-mRNA. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Expression of SIRT1/SOX9/LCN2 in the hypoxic cells was determined, and their interactions were predicted by bioinformatics websites and followed by the verification by luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). (hindawi.com)
  • Remarkable variation in SG cell and chromatin organization differed among individuals and across the L4 stage. (cdc.gov)
  • An important point to note here is that certain autosomes do play a role in phenotypic sex determination! (biologyonline.com)
  • So, we can't say that autosomes have no role in phenotypic sex determination in humans because they play an integral and indispensable role! (biologyonline.com)
  • Aim of the study is gender determination by drumstick appearance of neutrophils using Leishman's stain and Field stain. (ijmhr.org)
  • Mikniene, Z. and Ivanauskaite, R. (2018) 'Sex Chromatin in Peripheral Blood Neutrophils and Sex Determination', Scientific Research Publishing: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, 2018(7), 55-62. (sinergis.org)
  • For example, important differences between sexes were evidenced in respect of palisadic tissue, epidermal stomatic number, secretory hair distribution etc. (researchgate.net)
  • Sex differences at the genetic/epigenetic level in early development. (ubc.ca)
  • Because the species with male individuals and female individuals have evolved repeatedly from hermaphroditic progenitors, the mechanisms for the control of sex determination in flowering plants are extremely diverse. (researchgate.net)
  • 2019). When and how the future sex of the lamprey gonad is determined has been a deep-rooted mystery for lamprey researchers. (nature.com)
  • Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that SSL clusters are likely formed via a molecular agent-mediated chromatin condensation process. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cbx2 is required for male sex determination by activating expression of the Sry gene. (rndsystems.com)
  • In this review, we explore the role of biological sex in the development of the brain and analyze its impact on the predisposition toward and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Our work offers a comprehensive and high-resolution roadmap for dissecting chromatin state transition dynamics during the epigenomic reprogramming of human and mouse FGCs. (nature.com)
  • Chromatin remodeling is important for the epigenetic reprogramming of human primordial germ cells. (nature.com)
  • However, the comprehensive chromatin state has not yet been analyzed for human fetal germ cells (FGCs). (nature.com)
  • The term sex chromatin comprises of two superficially dissimilar structures known as Barr body in epithelial cells, other tissue cells and as Drumstick appearance in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. (ijmhr.org)
  • Gender determination using barr bodies from teeth exposed to high temperatures. (ijmhr.org)
  • Cannabis sativa L. is one of the best studied species under the aspect of genetic determinism of the sex, but the problem is not yet entirely deciphered. (researchgate.net)
  • The goals of his research include improving our understanding of human impacts on biodiversity, clarifying the environmental sensitivity and genetic underpinnings of key traits such as temperature-dependent sex determination and the responses of already-endangered organisms to rapid environmental changes. (iastate.edu)
  • Very little is known about what happens when an individual's genetic makeup doesn't match their physical sex. (pasteur.fr)
  • Janzen has primarily studied turtles to dissect how a fundamental trait - sex determination - is controlled by temperature and affects the structure of wild populations. (iastate.edu)
  • 2012), especially during sex determination processes (Broquard et al. (github.io)
  • SOX9 belongs to the SOX gene family expressed in several organisms and involved in numerous physiological processes such as sex determination and development gonad [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, the hemp is included, according to some authors, in the category of plants with male heterogamy, whereas the others sustain the idea of a complex sex determinism, seen as resultant of interaction between individual hereditary potencies and the environmental factors. (researchgate.net)
  • mechanisms for the control of s ex determination in flowering plants are extrem ely diverse. (researchgate.net)
  • In our recent paper in Nature Communications Biology, we describe a detailed transcriptomic analysis of sex and stage specific changes in sea lamprey gonad development that provides insights into the long-standing mystery of sex determination in lampreys. (nature.com)
  • Their action is crucial for the development of the brain, which presents different characteristics depending on the sex of individuals. (mdpi.com)
  • We profiled the transcriptome, chromatin accessibility state, and heteroplasmy in cells from the eyes of a patient with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and from healthy control donors. (jci.org)
  • Is Thermal Responsiveness Affected by Maternal Estrogens in Species with Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination? (ooir.org)
  • SOX9 gene) of autosome 17 has an effect on how the gonads will develop, for instance, a dysfunctional SOX9 gene has been found to be associated with sex reversals. (biologyonline.com)
  • Crossing of HDAC2-mutant with tumor-prone APC min mice revealed tumor rates that are lower in HDAC2-deficient mice by 10% to 100% depending on segment of the gut and sex of the mice. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The common belief is that they don't have any role to play in sex determination. (biologyonline.com)