• These results demonstrate that the G, NV and L genes of VHSV are not, by themselves or in combination, major determinants of host-specific virulence in trout. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genome of VHSV is composed of approximately 11-kb of single stranded RNA, which contains six genes that are located along the genome in the 3′-5′ order: 3′-N-P-M-G-NV-L-5′, nucleocapsid protein (N), polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), surface glycoprotein (G), a unique non-virion protein (NV), and virus polymerase (L). VHSV enters the host cell through either fusion or endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using an existing clone of the trout-avirulent VHSV-IVb strain MI03 (pVHSVmi), eight chimeric VHSV clones were constructed in which the coding region(s) of the glycoprotein (G), non-virion protein (NV), G and NV, or G, NV and L (polymerase) genes together, were exchanged between the two clones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. (fsu.ua)
  • Complete sequence of the VHSV DK-3592B genome was determined from the cloned cDNA and deposited in GenBank under the accession no. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different isolates (unique strains) of VHSV are typically grouped by genotyping. (wikipedia.org)
  • Senegalese sole is susceptible to marine VHSV isolates but is not affected by freshwater isolates, which may indicate differences regarding virus-host immune system interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, the stimulation of the Senegalese sole IFN I by VHSV infections has been evaluated by the relative quantification of the transcription of several ISG ( Mx, Isg15 and Pkr ) after inoculation with marine (pathogenic) and freshwater (non-pathogenic) VHSV isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protective role of the IFN I system was evaluated in poly I:C-inoculated animals subsequently challenged with VHSV isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VHSV isolates are classified into four genotypes and each group is endemic to specific geographic regions in the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A vaccinia virus free reverse genetic system for Great Lakes VHSV (Genotype IVb) was developed by a research group from the USA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. (usmd.edu)
  • Compared to marine VHSV, lower levels of RNA of the freshwater VHSV induced transcription of ISG to similar levels, with the Isg15 showing the highest fold induction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The freshwater VHSV isolate did not cause any mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the marine VHSV isolate exerts a negative effect on the ISG transcription at 3 and 6 h post-inoculation (hpi), which is not observed for the freshwater isolate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A new role of NV protein has been discovered and demonstrated that it inhibits apoptosis at the early stage of viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Effect of the Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Nonvirion Protein on Translation via PERK-eIF2α Pathway. (usmd.edu)
  • Reverse genetics is a powerful tool to study and characterize the previously unknown viral genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This system allows the investigators to explore the functional properties of individual viral genes of VHSV in detail. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is thought to represent both the spread of the virus into new areas, as with VHSV egg and live fish transfers from North America to Asia, or feeding of raw marine fish to inland farmed trout in Finland, as well as discovery of existing populations, as with an apparently well established marine reservoir in the Black Sea. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of targeting viral RNA, specifically for the diagnosis of the ISA virus in infected tissues of fish, the use of the elongation factor 1 alpha (ELF1α) has been demonstrated to be a reliable reference RNA-expressed control because of its stability and constant expression in Salmo salar organs, in both the presence and the absence of the ISA virus. (thefishsite.com)
  • Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) is the causal agent of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), an important disease affecting farmed salmonid species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using the reverse genetics approach, we are investigating the function of viral proteins in virulence, host adaptation, pathogenesis, and creating attenuated viruses with vaccine potential against other fish pathogens. (usmd.edu)
  • The discovery prompted further studies, and by the mid-1990s, marine VHSV was found in eight species along the northern North America's Pacific coast, and 14 species in and around the Atlantic's North Sea. (wikipedia.org)
  • VHSV continues to be found in new geographical areas, in new species of fish. (wikipedia.org)
  • NNV causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in more than 30 species of marine warm-water and cold-water fish, whereas IPNV causes pancreatic necrosis disease in salmon and trout species. (usmd.edu)
  • Additionally, because of its relevance, ELF1α has also been recommended as a housekeeping gene for gene expression analyses of other salmonid fish-related pathogens, such as Piscirickettsia salmonis , SAV, and VHSV. (thefishsite.com)
  • IHNV) or with both viruses. (unileon.es)
  • My laboratory is studying the molecular biology of economically important fish viruses and focuses on viral pathogenesis and development of novel vaccines. (usmd.edu)
  • In 1988, the first marine strain of VHSV, now designated type IV, was found in normal-appearing salmon returning from the Pacific to rivers of Washington State. (wikipedia.org)
  • To analyze the array of special literature and to summarize the information obtained regarding antiviral vaccines in aquaculture for the prevention of the most common viral diseases of fish. (fsu.ua)
  • Update on viral vaccines for fish. (fsu.ua)
  • In nature, fish are exposed to a wide variety of microorganisms of bacterial, viral or fungal origins, many of which are capable of causing disease. (thefishsite.com)
  • Even though it has been demonstrated that the NV gene is not necessary for viral replication, it is highly essential for viral pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reverse genetics system is currently available for VHSV. (wikipedia.org)
  • The implication of the IFN I system in the protection observed was confirmed by the transcription of the ISG in animals from the poly I:C + VHSV groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The viral cause of the disease was discovered in 1963 by M. H. Jenson. (wikipedia.org)
  • This note for guidance is intended to provide general guidance on the type of data which should be included i n applications for marketing authorisations for bacterial and viral vaccines intended for administration to fish. (nih.gov)
  • Bacterial and Viral Vaccines for Veterinary Use are made. (nih.gov)
  • Prophylactic vaccines can inhibit viral migration and persistence. (bvsalud.org)
  • The genome of VHSV is composed of approximately 11-kb of single stranded RNA, which contains six genes that are located along the genome in the 3′-5′ order: 3′-N-P-M-G-NV-L-5′, nucleocapsid protein (N), polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), surface glycoprotein (G), a unique non-virion protein (NV), and virus polymerase (L). VHSV enters the host cell through either fusion or endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even though it has been demonstrated that the NV gene is not necessary for viral replication, it is highly essential for viral pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The successful replication of a viral agent in a host is a complex process which consists of a number of interactions, most of them related to the coevolution of pathogen and host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A new role of NV protein has been discovered and demonstrated that it inhibits apoptosis at the early stage of viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discovery prompted further studies, and by the mid-1990s, marine VHSV was found in eight species along the northern North America's Pacific coast, and 14 species in and around the Atlantic's North Sea. (wikipedia.org)