• Olive leaf extract may have shown protective effects against hyperglycemia, neuropathic pain, Cancer prevention, MRSA, and may exhibit antiviral activity against "Ebola like" viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV). (biostarschool.com)
  • Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a fish rhabdovirus belonging to the Novirhabdovirus genus, causes severe disease and mortality in many marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral Surveillance of Cultured Rainbow Trout in the Eastern Black Sea, Turkey. (fsu.ua)
  • In Europe, subtype Ia impairs predominantly the rainbow trout industry causing severe rates of mortality, while other VHSV genotypes and subtypes affect a number of marine and freshwater species, both farmed and wild. (figshare.com)
  • VHSV has repeatedly proved to be able to jump to rainbow trout from the marine reservoir, causing mortality episodes. (figshare.com)
  • With the scope of identifying in silico molecular markers for VHSV virulence, we generated an extensive dataset of 55 viral genomes and related mortality data obtained from rainbow trout experimental challenges. (figshare.com)
  • The phylogenetic analysis of VHSV coding regions supported the evolution toward greater virulence in rainbow trout within subtype Ia, and identified several other subtypes which may be prone to be virulent for this species. (figshare.com)
  • Most viruses in the European VHSV genotype Ia are highly virulent for rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), whereas, VHSV genotype IVb viruses from the Great Lakes region in the United States, which caused high mortality in wild freshwater fish species, are avirulent for trout. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genome of VHSV is composed of approximately 11-kb of single stranded RNA, which contains six genes that are located along the genome in the 3′-5′ order: 3′-N-P-M-G-NV-L-5′, nucleocapsid protein (N), polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), surface glycoprotein (G), a unique non-virion protein (NV), and virus polymerase (L). VHSV enters the host cell through either fusion or endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. (fsu.ua)
  • The molecular mechanisms regulating VHSV virulence and host tropism are not fully understood, mainly due to the scarce availability of complete genome sequences and information on the virulence phenotype. (figshare.com)
  • Using statistical association analyses that combined genetic and mortality data, we found 38 single amino acid polymorphisms scattered throughout the complete coding regions of the viral genome that were putatively involved in virulence of VHSV in trout. (figshare.com)
  • Complete sequence of the VHSV DK-3592B genome was determined from the cloned cDNA and deposited in GenBank under the accession no. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were used to identify viral diseases. (fsu.ua)
  • Using an existing clone of the trout-avirulent VHSV-IVb strain MI03 (pVHSVmi), eight chimeric VHSV clones were constructed in which the coding region(s) of the glycoprotein (G), non-virion protein (NV), G and NV, or G, NV and L (polymerase) genes together, were exchanged between the two clones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results demonstrate that the G, NV and L genes of VHSV are not, by themselves or in combination, major determinants of host-specific virulence in trout. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study implemented a Box-Behnken design and cytopathic reduction assay to derive an optimized extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. roots (OE-SOR) with maximum antiviral activity against VHSV. (bvsalud.org)
  • OE-SOR prepared under optimized extraction conditions (55% ethanol concentration at 50 °C for 5 h) exhibited potent antiviral activity against VHSV, with a 50% effective 0.21 µg/mL concentration and a 340 selective index. (bvsalud.org)
  • Different isolates (unique strains) of VHSV are typically grouped by genotyping. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) virus isolates of European marine origin were shown to be of low pathogenicity or non-pathogenic to Atlantic salmon parr by waterborne infection. (dtu.dk)
  • Senegalese sole is susceptible to marine VHSV isolates but is not affected by freshwater isolates, which may indicate differences regarding virus-host immune system interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, the stimulation of the Senegalese sole IFN I by VHSV infections has been evaluated by the relative quantification of the transcription of several ISG ( Mx, Isg15 and Pkr ) after inoculation with marine (pathogenic) and freshwater (non-pathogenic) VHSV isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protective role of the IFN I system was evaluated in poly I:C-inoculated animals subsequently challenged with VHSV isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VHSV isolates are classified into four genotypes and each group is endemic to specific geographic regions in the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1996 saw the first VHSV in Japan, among Japanese flounder farmed in the Seto Inland Sea, and different genotypes have appeared in different areas since then. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) is an OIE notifiable pathogen widespread in the Northern Hemisphere that encompasses four genotypes and nine subtypes. (figshare.com)
  • Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) is a fish disease that can cause large-scale mortality and has been detected in 32 species of fish in the lower Great Lakes since 2003. (nps.gov)
  • VHSv can infect a wide range of fish species and has been the cause of large fish kills in other parts of the Great Lakes. (nps.gov)
  • Great Lakes fish have no prior exposure to VHSv and, therefore, are especially susceptible to the disease. (nps.gov)
  • A vaccinia virus free reverse genetic system for Great Lakes VHSV (Genotype IVb) was developed by a research group from the USA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Great Lakes "viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus" (VHSV) poses no health threat to humans, but people should always avoid eating fish or game that looks or acts strangely. (sott.net)
  • Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) virus, which has invaded the Great Lakes, is a potential threat in the Western US, according to Jerri Bartholomew, Oregon State University, and Gael Kurath and Evi Emmenegger, USGS Western Fisheries Research Centre. (thefishsite.com)
  • VHSV has recently invaded the Great Lakes, resulting in many large-scale fish die-offs and new regulatory restrictions for aquaculture throughout the region. (thefishsite.com)
  • The Great Lakes strain of VHSV (type IVb) was first detected in 2003. (thefishsite.com)
  • VHSV has been detected in 28 species of fish from the Great Lakes region, including several important recreational species such as muskellunge, yellow perch, largemouth bass, and freshwater drum (for a complete list see the USDA-APHIS website). (thefishsite.com)
  • The exact route of introduction of VHSV into the Great Lakes is uncertain, but possible routes include bait fish movement, activities associated with recreational fishing, ballast water, or natural fish migrations. (thefishsite.com)
  • What is the difference between VHSV from the Western US and the Great Lakes? (thefishsite.com)
  • The VHSV found in Pacific watersheds (type IVa) is the same virus species as Great Lakes VHSV, but it is a different sub-group that has never caused disease in freshwater fish. (thefishsite.com)
  • VHSV from the Great Lakes is type IVb, which has caused large-scale epidemics in freshwater fish, but has never been found west of the Great Lakes region. (thefishsite.com)
  • Recently a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. (usmd.edu)
  • The discovery prompted further studies, and by the mid-1990s, marine VHSV was found in eight species along the northern North America's Pacific coast, and 14 species in and around the Atlantic's North Sea. (wikipedia.org)
  • VHSV continues to be found in new geographical areas, in new species of fish. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) is a deadly fish virus and an invasive species that is threatening Wisconsin's fish. (wisconsin.gov)
  • They injected a number of fish from each species with a wide range of doses VHSv to determine the level at which 50 percent of the fish of each species died. (wisconsin.gov)
  • In general, the cold water fish species faired better, meaning they could tolerate a higher dose of VHSv, than the warmer water species. (wisconsin.gov)
  • Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) is the causal agent of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), an important disease affecting farmed salmonid species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NNV causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in more than 30 species of marine warm-water and cold-water fish, whereas IPNV causes pancreatic necrosis disease in salmon and trout species. (usmd.edu)
  • All tested samples were free of IPNV, VHSV and VNN viruses as was determined by the methods of cell culture and PCR. (fsu.ua)
  • However, in my previous role my research mainly concerned viral diseases of fish that are important in Scottish aquaculture. (gov.scot)
  • To analyze the array of special literature and to summarize the information obtained regarding antiviral vaccines in aquaculture for the prevention of the most common viral diseases of fish. (fsu.ua)
  • Therefore, in this study, in order to evaluate the data on viral diseases of turbot in Ukraine, in 2020 a field survey in free-living Black Sea turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus) in the northern parts of Black Sea and Sea of Azov was carried out. (fsu.ua)
  • This was the first attempt to screen turbot viral diseases in the Ukrainian waters of the Black and Azov Seas. (fsu.ua)
  • In future the permanent surveillance of viral diseases in turbot in accordance with the EU strategy on animal health allows to prevent the outbreaks and develop new approaches for the diagnostic tests in purpose to study the ecology of pathogens in different areas. (fsu.ua)
  • First isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) virus from turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) cultured in the Trabzon coastal area of the Black Sea in Turkey. (fsu.ua)
  • Genotyping and Pathogenicity of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus from Free-Living Turbot ( Psetta maxima ) in a Turkish Coastal Area of the Black Sea. (fsu.ua)
  • ABSTRACT: This review summarises the state of knowledge of both viral and bacterial diseases of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua , and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. (int-res.com)
  • In nature, fish are exposed to a wide variety of microorganisms of bacterial, viral or fungal origins, many of which are capable of causing disease. (thefishsite.com)
  • Bacterial and Viral Fish Diseases in Turkey. (fsu.ua)
  • Common guppy fish diseases and illnesses can be categorized as parasitic, bacterial, fungal, or viral. (aquariumfishcity.com)
  • A new role of NV protein has been discovered and demonstrated that it inhibits apoptosis at the early stage of viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, shRBCs increased interleukin 8 (IL8), interleukin 1 _ (IL1_), interferon 8888 (IFN8888), and natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) protein production in response to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). (umh.es)
  • Effect of the Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Nonvirion Protein on Translation via PERK-eIF2α Pathway. (usmd.edu)
  • The prevalence of survivors with VHSV-positive tissues 25 d post-exposure was 64%, 16%, and 0% (at 8, 11 and 15 °C, respectively) with viral prevalence typically higher in brain tissues than in kidney/spleen tissue pools at each temperature. (usgs.gov)
  • Altuntaş C, Ogut H. Monthly occurrence and prevalence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in whiting Merlangius merlangus. (iranjournals.ir)
  • Using the reverse genetics approach, we are investigating the function of viral proteins in virulence, host adaptation, pathogenesis, and creating attenuated viruses with vaccine potential against other fish pathogens. (usmd.edu)
  • My laboratory is studying the molecular biology of economically important fish viruses and focuses on viral pathogenesis and development of novel vaccines. (usmd.edu)
  • Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses which replicate by binding to human cell receptors, entering the cells and high-jacking the cell's genetic machinery to reproduce viral components. (sanjosefuncmed.com)
  • Even though it has been demonstrated that the NV gene is not necessary for viral replication, it is highly essential for viral pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • therefore, effective antiviral agents for controlling viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection are imperative. (bvsalud.org)
  • Administering OE-SOR to olive flounder exhibited substantial efficacies against VHSV infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • As with SARS, COVID-19 disease occurs in stages: first, there is initial infection that allows viral replication, spread of the viral infection throughout the respiratory system, followed by an inflammatory response which can include in more serious cases immune hyper-reactivity. (sanjosefuncmed.com)
  • Virus was detected in some mortalities, however, demonstrating viral entry and replication. (dtu.dk)
  • An inverse relationship between water temperature and susceptibility of Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasii ) to viral hemorrhagic septicemia, genogroup IVa (VHS) was indicated by controlled exposure studies where cumulative mortalities, viral shedding rates, and viral persistence in survivors were greatest at the coolest exposure temperatures. (usgs.gov)
  • Among groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Pacific herring maintained at 8, 11, and 15 °C, cumulative mortalities after waterborne exposure to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) were 78%, 40%, and 13%, respectively. (usgs.gov)
  • This is thought to represent both the spread of the virus into new areas, as with VHSV egg and live fish transfers from North America to Asia, or feeding of raw marine fish to inland farmed trout in Finland, as well as discovery of existing populations, as with an apparently well established marine reservoir in the Black Sea. (wikipedia.org)
  • In North America, VHSV was first detected in 1988. (thefishsite.com)
  • Has VHSV been found in any commercially raised fish in North America? (thefishsite.com)
  • Similarly, geometric mean viral titers in brain tissues and kidney/spleen tissue pools decreased at higher temperatures, and kidney/spleen titers were generally 10-fold lower than those in brain tissues at each temperature. (usgs.gov)
  • Furthermore, viral RNA fold change and viral titers were lower in animals from the poly I:C + VHSV groups than in the controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reverse genetics is a powerful tool to study and characterize the previously unknown viral genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This system allows the investigators to explore the functional properties of individual viral genes of VHSV in detail. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1988, the first marine strain of VHSV, now designated type IV, was found in normal-appearing salmon returning from the Pacific to rivers of Washington State. (wikipedia.org)
  • The plan will assist park and tribal managers, staff, and cooperators in assessing the risk of VHSv introduction and, subsequently, planning and implementing the appropriate levels of prevention and monitoring actions for their area based upon that risk. (nps.gov)
  • This plan is focused on (1) preventing contamination of the waters of the four units of the National Park System located in the Lake Superior basin and the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, (2) detecting the introduction of VHSv, and (3) responding to VHSv detection and outbreaks. (nps.gov)
  • The effect of relatively small temperature differences on the susceptibility of a natural host to VHS provides insights into conditions that preface periodic VHSV epizootics in wild populations throughout the NE Pacific. (usgs.gov)
  • Susceptibility of goldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris L. (Labridae), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotype III: experimental challenge and pathology. (gov.scot)
  • Results are important to understand where management actions should focus to prevent population-level impacts of VHSv should it occur. (wisconsin.gov)
  • In this study, no parasitic and viral agents were observed in the sturgeons. (iranjournals.ir)
  • This study verifies that OE-SOR is an effective alternative for controlling viral hemorrhagic septicemia in olive flounder farms as it exhibits efficient in vivo anti-VHSV activity and increases innate immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Update on viral vaccines for fish. (fsu.ua)
  • Reverse genetics system is currently available for VHSV. (wikipedia.org)
  • The purpose of the following article is to review some of the scientific literature on this topic and provide an evidence-based rationale for the prevention and immune resistance of viral challenges, such as the one resulting from the coronavirus responsible for the current pandemic. (sanjosefuncmed.com)
  • Compared to marine VHSV, lower levels of RNA of the freshwater VHSV induced transcription of ISG to similar levels, with the Isg15 showing the highest fold induction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the marine VHSV isolate exerts a negative effect on the ISG transcription at 3 and 6 h post-inoculation (hpi), which is not observed for the freshwater isolate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study sheds light on the molecular basis for VHSV virulence, and provides an extensive list of putative virulence markers for their subsequent validation. (figshare.com)