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Hemorrhagic Septicemia, ViralNovirhabdovirusHemorrhagic SepticemiaRhabdoviridae InfectionsRhabdoviridaeFish DiseasesOncorhynchus mykissFlatfishesGreat Lakes RegionFishesAquacultureSalmonidaeInfectious hematopoietic necrosis virusFlounderFisheriesAnimal FinsPasteurella InfectionsSalmonCyprinidaeGillsInfectious pancreatic necrosis virusImmersionEdwardsiella tardaPasteurella multocidaPerciformesPasteurella3-Phosphoshikimate 1-CarboxyvinyltransferaseNorth AmericaMolecular Sequence DataSepsisFresh WaterTroutViral ProteinsRNA, ViralPhylogenyViral Envelope ProteinsSeawaterReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionDisease OutbreaksAnimals, WildGlycoproteinsDNA PrimersGenotypeAmino Acid SequenceBase SequenceEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayCell LineVirulenceRNA VirusesBacteremia
VHSVPathogensPancreatic NecrosisBacterialNecrosisGreat LakesVirulenceInfectionAeromonasBacteriaMortalityPathogenInfectionsHPR0SpeciesInfectSingle-stranded RNA virusDeadlyFeversGenomeFish populationsEbolaAquaculture industryProteinTroutDiarrhoeaFeverSepsisVaccinesNovirhabdovirusPolymeraseOutbreaksCausalEconomically importantGenesDiseases of fFungusPathogenesisAquariumsFinsInfluenzaHumansAcuteDisease causing oHerpes virusHerpesvirusCarriersDiagnosisSyndromeParticleNorth AmericaAnthraxDeathsSymptomsBovineSevere
VHSV30
  • VHSV is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the order Mononegavirales, family Rhabdoviridae, and genus Novirhabdovirus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome of VHSV is composed of approximately 11-kb of single stranded RNA, which contains six genes that are located along the genome in the 3′-5′ order: 3′-N-P-M-G-NV-L-5′, nucleocapsid protein (N), polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), surface glycoprotein (G), a unique non-virion protein (NV), and virus polymerase (L). VHSV enters the host cell through either fusion or endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • A vaccinia virus free reverse genetic system for Great Lakes VHSV (Genotype IVb) was developed by a research group from the USA. (wikipedia.org)
  • This system allows the investigators to explore the functional properties of individual viral genes of VHSV in detail. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is thought to represent both the spread of the virus into new areas, as with VHSV egg and live fish transfers from North America to Asia, or feeding of raw marine fish to inland farmed trout in Finland, as well as discovery of existing populations, as with an apparently well established marine reservoir in the Black Sea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus that causes the disease (VHSv) has not been found yet in Lake Superior. (nps.gov)
  • VHSv can infect a wide range of fish species and has been the cause of large fish kills in other parts of the Great Lakes. (nps.gov)
  • Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a disease caused by a virus (VHSV). (thefishsite.com)
  • The VHSV found in Pacific watersheds (type IVa) is the same virus species as Great Lakes VHSV, but it is a different sub-group that has never caused disease in freshwater fish. (thefishsite.com)
  • VHSV from the Great Lakes is type IVb, which has caused large-scale epidemics in freshwater fish, but has never been found west of the Great Lakes region. (thefishsite.com)
  • The Great Lakes "viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus" (VHSV) poses no health threat to humans, but people should always avoid eating fish or game that looks or acts strangely. (sott.net)
  • The Ohio Department of Natural Resources has confirmed that viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHSv), a virus that causes disease in fish but does not pose any threat to public health, was confirmed present in muskellunge sampled during routine egg collection in Clear Fork Reservoir in late April. (crawfordparkdistrict.org)
  • therefore, effective antiviral agents for controlling viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection are imperative. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study verifies that OE-SOR is an effective alternative for controlling viral hemorrhagic septicemia in olive flounder farms as it exhibits efficient in vivo anti-VHSV activity and increases innate immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a fish rhabdovirus belonging to the Novirhabdovirus genus, causes severe disease and mortality in many marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most viruses in the European VHSV genotype Ia are highly virulent for rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), whereas, VHSV genotype IVb viruses from the Great Lakes region in the United States, which caused high mortality in wild freshwater fish species, are avirulent for trout. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Well-known viruses such as the nodavirus that causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) have been isolated from Atlantic cod and can be a potential problem under intensive rearing conditions. (int-res.com)
  • The Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) is an OIE notifiable pathogen widespread in the Northern Hemisphere that encompasses four genotypes and nine subtypes. (figshare.com)
  • In Europe, subtype Ia impairs predominantly the rainbow trout industry causing severe rates of mortality, while other VHSV genotypes and subtypes affect a number of marine and freshwater species, both farmed and wild. (figshare.com)
  • VHSV has repeatedly proved to be able to jump to rainbow trout from the marine reservoir, causing mortality episodes. (figshare.com)
  • With the scope of identifying in silico molecular markers for VHSV virulence, we generated an extensive dataset of 55 viral genomes and related mortality data obtained from rainbow trout experimental challenges. (figshare.com)
  • Using statistical association analyses that combined genetic and mortality data, we found 38 single amino acid polymorphisms scattered throughout the complete coding regions of the viral genome that were putatively involved in virulence of VHSV in trout. (figshare.com)
  • In the aquaculture environment, this technique has been successfully used to detect, among other pathogens, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), salmon alphavirus (SAV), Piscirickettsia salmonis , Renibacterium salmoninarum , infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). (thefishsite.com)
  • Senegalese sole is susceptible to marine VHSV isolates but is not affected by freshwater isolates, which may indicate differences regarding virus-host immune system interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The freshwater VHSV isolate did not cause any mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, viral RNA fold change and viral titers were lower in animals from the poly I:C + VHSV groups than in the controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) is the causal agent of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), an important disease affecting farmed salmonid species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current research in my laboratory has focused on two fish rhabdoviruses - infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), which are members of the genus Novirhabdovirus of the Rhabdoviridae family. (usmd.edu)
  • Recently a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. (usmd.edu)
  • Susceptibility of goldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris L. (Labridae), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotype III: experimental challenge and pathology. (gov.scot)
Pathogens7
  • Other aquatic invasive organisms include pathogens (disease-causing organisms), such as molds, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. (windrider.com)
  • Some of these pathogens are fastidious and highly aggressive, causing high mortality rates, while others persist in fish, representing a potential danger to managed fish in aquaculture if an outburst occurs close to harvest. (thefishsite.com)
  • Septicemia is a symptom of different pathogens with basically the same result: a poisoning of the blood. (grants-pass-aquarium.com)
  • Pathogens causing disease come from the wild and impact wild and farmed fish. (cermaq.com)
  • Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens. (cermaq.com)
  • Using the reverse genetics approach, we are investigating the function of viral proteins in virulence, host adaptation, pathogenesis, and creating attenuated viruses with vaccine potential against other fish pathogens. (usmd.edu)
  • Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are pathogens of economic importance to the aquaculture industry. (usmd.edu)
Pancreatic Necrosis4
Bacterial11
  • This disease is a systemic bacterial infection caused by a gram negative, motile, rod shaped bacteria of the family Vibrionaceae. (marine.ie)
  • Furunculosis is a significant systemic bacterial disease caused by a gram negative, non-motile, rod shaped, bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida. (marine.ie)
  • In the case of septicemia, the three kinds of diseases we're looking at are viral, bacterial, and parasites. (bettasource.com)
  • The term sepsis, when used in reference to the condition in tropical aquarium fish, is also applicable to a secondary bacterial infection that causes blood poisoning. (bettasource.com)
  • ABSTRACT: This review summarises the state of knowledge of both viral and bacterial diseases of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua , and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. (int-res.com)
  • In nature, fish are exposed to a wide variety of microorganisms of bacterial, viral or fungal origins, many of which are capable of causing disease. (thefishsite.com)
  • Dr Pesta began by pointing out the crucial and fundamental error of confusing bacterial infection with viruses. (annaraccoon.com)
  • Common guppy fish diseases and illnesses can be categorized as parasitic, bacterial, fungal, or viral. (aquariumfishcity.com)
  • KanaPlex™ is a blended kanamycin based medication that safely and effectively treats several fungal, and bacterial fish diseases (dropsy, popeye, fin/tail rot, septicemia). (aquaticavenueonline.com)
  • Infections in pregnancy may be classified based on the route of infection and type of organism (viral, bacterial, protozoal). (jpgo.org)
  • There he is responsible for the evaluation of serological responses to various bacterial and viral vaccines with a special interest in meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines. (meningitis.org)
Necrosis3
Great Lakes11
  • Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) is a fish disease that can cause large-scale mortality and has been detected in 32 species of fish in the lower Great Lakes since 2003. (nps.gov)
  • In fact, according to Dr. Gael Kurath, U.S. Geological Survey virologist, there has not been a virus in the past that has affected so many fish species from so many fish families in the Great Lakes. (nps.gov)
  • Any loss of stocks from the Apostle Islands area and Isle Royale could cause a loss of genetic material and valuable information that would compromise ongoing efforts to restore lake trout populations in the other Great Lakes. (nps.gov)
  • VHS was diagnosed for the first time ever in the Great Lakes as the cause of large fish kills in lakes Huron, St. Clair, Erie, Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River in 2005 and 2006. (wisconsin.gov)
  • This is the first time a virus has affected so many different fish species from so many fish families in the Great Lakes. (wisconsin.gov)
  • VHS virus is considered an invasive species (not native to the Great Lakes), but scientists are not sure how the virus arrived. (wisconsin.gov)
  • Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) virus, which has invaded the Great Lakes, is a potential threat in the Western US, according to Jerri Bartholomew, Oregon State University, and Gael Kurath and Evi Emmenegger, USGS Western Fisheries Research Centre. (thefishsite.com)
  • It has now been found in many freshwater fish species in the Great Lakes, and caused disease outbreaks in popular sport fish and bait fish. (thefishsite.com)
  • A deadly fish virus is approaching epidemic proportions in the Great Lakes and their neighboring waters, lining the beaches of Lake Erie with fish carcasses and threatening New York's $1.2 billion sport-fishing industry, a scientist says. (sott.net)
  • Officials in the Pacific Northwest are worried that a fish virus that causes fish kills in the Great Lakes could get here. (grants-pass-aquarium.com)
  • The first ever discovered VHS, Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia, to infect great lakes fish was discovered, a musky from Lake St. Clair. (muskyhunter.com)
Virulence1
Infection3
  • A new role of NV protein has been discovered and demonstrated that it inhibits apoptosis at the early stage of viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) mucosal infection in Atlantic salmon. (gov.scot)
  • Sulfathiazole is often a good choice when there is an infection caused by a scrape, abrasion, or similar. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
Aeromonas3
  • It is common in aquariums where the usual cause is the very common anaerobic gram negative bacteria, Aeromonas . (grants-pass-aquarium.com)
  • for fin and tail rot, ulcerations, mouth fungus and clamped or collapsed fins, Columnaris (mild to moderate infections ONLY), and hemorrhagic septicemia (although not effective to Aeromonas infections of the gut). (americanaquariumproducts.com)
  • Since Pseudomonas & Aeromonas are common causes of opportunistic fin rot in fish (assuming the causes of this opportunity are negated), this drug or a combination that includes it may be a good alternative treatment. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
Bacteria4
  • The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. (lookformedical.com)
  • Contrary to the name, this is actually caused by bacteria, not fungus. (aquaticavenueonline.com)
  • Viruses like rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster, HIV and parvovirus, bacteria like syphilis, and protozoans like toxoplasma and malaria are all transmitted via the placenta, while herpes simplex virus (HSV) and group B streptococcus (GBS) usually ascend through the genital tract and infect the fetus. (jpgo.org)
  • Several different microorganisms have been found in healthcare settings, including bacteria, viruses, and some fungi. (cdc.gov)
Mortality4
  • Four chimeric rVHSVdk viruses with the substitutions of the G, NV, G and NV, or G, NV and L genes from the avirulent pVHSVmi constructs were still highly virulent (100% mortality), while the reciprocal four chimeric rVHSVmi viruses with genes from pVHSVdk remained avirulent (0-10% mortality). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources announced on its website that VHS has caused significant mortality rates among specific species like yellow perch, walleye, and musky. (anglersadvantageguideservice.com)
  • Therefore the virus had a much higher mortality rate on fish that were malnourished, sick, weak or otherwise not completely healthy. (muskyhunter.com)
  • Mortality Tabulation List 2, General mortality, Selected list (Table I) and Mortality Tabulation List 4, Infant and child mortality, Selected list (Table K), contain categories within most ICD-10 chapters for conditions and external causes significant for monitoring and analyzing population health status and mortality- related health concerns at both national and international levels. (cdc.gov)
Pathogen3
  • VHS can be a highly contagious disease, depending on the particular pathogen that's causing it. (bettasource.com)
  • My work was primarily focussed on the economically important pathogen infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). (gov.scot)
  • Ich (pronounced ICK), or "white spot disease," is caused by an obligate pathogen scientifically known as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. (aquariumfishcity.com)
Infections4
  • No commercial vaccines against nodavirus are currently available, whereas vaccines against IPNV infections based upon inactivated virus as well as IPNV recombinant antigens are available. (int-res.com)
  • Viral infections are less common than others. (aquariumfishcity.com)
  • Plague and Other Yersinia Infections Plague is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis . (msdmanuals.com)
  • non- specific fetal problems like IUGR, hydrops, and microcephaly may be seen later in pregnancy with a number of viral infections. (jpgo.org)
HPR02
  • First field evidence of the evolution from a non-virulent HPR0 to a virulent HPR-deleted infectious salmon anaemia virus. (gov.scot)
  • Dual mutation events in the haemagglutinin-esterase and F protein from an Infectious salmon anaemia virus HPR0 genotype promote viral fusion and activation by an ubiquitous host protease. (gov.scot)
Species12
  • Different strains of the virus occur in different regions, and affect different species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) is a deadly fish virus and an invasive species that is threatening Wisconsin's fish. (wisconsin.gov)
  • There are different strains of the virus that can infect marine and freshwater fish species, and the different strains may affect species differently. (thefishsite.com)
  • Several of these species exist as free-ranging populations in the west and could act as carriers and maintain the virus if it was introduced into the west. (thefishsite.com)
  • Current restrictions on movement of fish are available on the USDA-APHIS website: http://www.focusonfishhealth.org/regulations.php To move living VHS-susceptible species, documentation must be obtained from an appropriate State, Tribal or Federal authority for aquatic animal health, stating that the fish have tested negative for the VHS virus under existing national or international standards. (thefishsite.com)
  • June 13, 2007 PIKETON, Ohio-- A newly emerging fish virus spreading among wild species is causing concerns in Ohio's farmed aquaculture industry. (osu.edu)
  • Some fish-specific viruses affect wild freshwater and marine species. (bettasource.com)
  • Asian Carp - This family of leaping invasives has become one of the poster children of invasive species, as videos of infested waterways became viral over the years. (windrider.com)
  • Because salmon production in Chile relies on two additional species that are different from Salmo salar , we decided to compare the potential nucleotide variability in the RT-qPCR amplifiable target region of ELF1α in all three salmonid fish species reared in Chile, as variability in this region could be causing the species-dependent performance of the assay. (thefishsite.com)
  • Improving the specificity of serological diagnostics in aquaculture in conjunction with suitable vaccines could enable the application of DIVA strategies, but the immunological variation between different fish species and contrasting pathobiological characteristics of different viruses determines the feasibility and potential of such DIVA approaches for aquaculture industries. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Host tropism of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in marine and freshwater fish species. (gov.scot)
  • This will kill the VHS virus and other aquatic invasive species such as zebra mussels. (adirondackbasecamp.com)
Infect1
  • Virus particles in the water infect gill tissue first and then move to the internal organs and the blood vessels. (wisconsin.gov)
Single-stranded RNA virus3
  • VHS is caused by a single stranded RNA virus of the family Rhabdoviridae, genus Novirhabdoviridae. (marine.ie)
  • ISA is caused by a single stranded RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae. (marine.ie)
  • This disease is caused by a single stranded RNA virus of the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus known as the salmonid alphavirus. (marine.ie)
Deadly2
Fevers1
  • Ideally, rubella non-immune women should be offered vaccination prior to conception, or if screened during pregnancy, they should be counseled about viral fevers and rash, especially in the first trimester. (jpgo.org)
Genome1
  • Principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. (fsu.ua)
Fish populations2
  • VHS can cause large fish kills, reducing important recreational opportunities, subsistence and commercial fish stocks, alter food webs and age structures of fish populations, and create unpleasant conditions such as windrows of dead fish. (nps.gov)
  • The reason behind this measure is to prevent further spread of a virus affecting fish populations called viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS). (anglersadvantageguideservice.com)
Ebola4
  • how the disease was spread by human to human contact, and how it was not only hugely more contagious but also considerably nastier than "mere" Bubonic Plague, exhibiting a pathology which is much closer to a modern form of haemorrhagic fever, such as Ebola. (annaraccoon.com)
  • Those diseases, which are caused by a variety of microorganisms such as, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Ebola Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can pose significant risks to life and health. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, for Ebola virus disease, severe symptoms are strongly associated with high levels of virus production. (cdc.gov)
  • This should be considered during the risk assessment, such as in the case of Ebola virus disease, as Ebola patients can release large volumes (as much as 8 liters/day) of body fluids (vomit, diarrhea) [Kreuels 2014 ]. (cdc.gov)
Aquaculture industry1
  • The expanding aquaculture industry continues to encounter major challenges from highly contagious viruses. (stir.ac.uk)
Protein1
Trout3
  • Some members of one group of strains (type I) cause disease outbreaks disease outbreaks in the European trout industry, while others affect marine fish. (thefishsite.com)
  • Rhabdoviruses of the genus Vesiculovirus are an emerging group of pathogenic viruses and include perch rhabdovirus, pike-fry rhabdovirus, tench rhabdovirus, lake trout rhabdovirus and spring viraemia of carp virus. (marine.ie)
  • The increased availability and application of sophisticated biotechnology tools has enabled improved prophylaxis and serological diagnosis for control of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in rainbow trout, infectious salmon anaemia in Atlantic salmon and koi herpesvirus disease in carp. (stir.ac.uk)
Diarrhoea1
  • Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) is present. (unog.ch)
Fever4
  • When there is a high fever resulting from systemic or respiratory disease this can also cause abortion. (infonet-biovision.org)
  • Malaria is the most common cause of acute undifferentiated fever after travel to sub-Saharan Africa and some other tropical areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Symptoms are either severe pneumonia or large, tender lymphadenopathy with high fever, often progressing to septicemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pregnant women may be at risk, exposed to, or contract a viral fever with rash, where the management varies from simple observation and counseling to medical termination of pregnancy, for example in cases of rubella in first trimester. (jpgo.org)
Sepsis1
  • gastroenteritis was the ness was assessed by the modified Glasgow commonest cause of sepsis-related coma. (who.int)
Vaccines7
  • My laboratory is studying the molecular biology of economically important fish viruses and focuses on viral pathogenesis and development of novel vaccines. (usmd.edu)
  • To this end, we have expressed the major host-protective genes of these viruses in suitable expression systems and seek to develop virus-like particles (VLPs) based vaccines that could be fed orally to fish. (usmd.edu)
  • There are live virus vaccines and inactivated viral vaccines. (infonet-biovision.org)
  • modified live virus and killed vaccines are available. (infonet-biovision.org)
  • To analyze the array of special literature and to summarize the information obtained regarding antiviral vaccines in aquaculture for the prevention of the most common viral diseases of fish. (fsu.ua)
  • Update on viral vaccines for fish. (fsu.ua)
  • A comparative review on European-farmed finfish RNA viruses and their vaccines. (fsu.ua)
Novirhabdovirus1
Polymerase1
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of RNA polymerase of TiLVs from Thailand (triangles) and reference viruses of the families Orthomyxoviridae, Arenaviridae, and Bunyaviridae. (cdc.gov)
Outbreaks4
  • These outbreaks led to identification of a virus affecting tilapia, called tilapia lake virus (TiLV). (cdc.gov)
  • During 2015-2016, we investigated 32 outbreaks involving a large number of deaths of unknown cause among Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and red hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis spp. (cdc.gov)
  • This virus has caused two financially damaging outbreaks in Atlantic salmon aquaculture in Scotland (1998 and 2008), and a non-virulent strain has also been found in circulation. (gov.scot)
  • In 2021 Australia had no outbreaks of infectious diseases or similar occurrences caused by toxins that seemed to deviate from the normal pattern. (unog.ch)
Causal1
Economically important1
  • Three economically important notifiable viruses, causing major problems in three different cultured fish industries, are considered. (stir.ac.uk)
Genes1
  • Reverse genetics is a powerful tool to study and characterize the previously unknown viral genes. (wikipedia.org)
Diseases of f1
  • However, in my previous role my research mainly concerned viral diseases of fish that are important in Scottish aquaculture. (gov.scot)
Fungus1
  • The fishing industry was affected as the virus and fungus are continually affecting the fishes, resulting to mortalities. (wepapers.com)
Pathogenesis1
  • Even though it has been demonstrated that the NV gene is not necessary for viral replication, it is highly essential for viral pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Aquariums1
  • This is the most common variety of septicemia associated with pet fish that live in home aquariums. (bettasource.com)
Fins1
Influenza3
  • Genetic subtyping and phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA from avian influenza virus in wild birds from Peru reveals unique features among circulating strains in America. (usmd.edu)
  • During epidemics the sudden occurrence of mass abortions at all stages of pregnancy especially in sheep and camels, deaths in new-born animals and severe influenza like occasionally also fatal haemorrhagic disease in humans are characteristic. (infonet-biovision.org)
  • The influence of ß-propiolactone on immunogenic and protective activities of influenza virus. (fsu.ua)
Humans2
  • No, the virus does not affect humans. (thefishsite.com)
  • The seagoing strain of the virus, which does not affect humans, has devastated herring schools in Puget Sound near Seattle and Prince William Sound. (grants-pass-aquarium.com)
Acute1
  • Acute brain injury has been reported to be with the highest rates in the preschool age the cause of approximately 100 000 pae- group [10,11]. (who.int)
Disease causing o1
  • Biosecurity in aquaculture can be defined as a set of management practices put in place to prevent the introduction of disease causing organisms onto a site. (marine.ie)
Herpes virus2
  • a) Chicken Pox - Varicella herpes virus (b) AIDS - HIV virus. (rbsesolutions.com)
  • The disease is caused by a herpes virus and usually results in respiratory disease, but may also cause sporadic abortions in cows. (infonet-biovision.org)
Herpesvirus2
  • KHV is caused by koi herpesvirus (or cyprinid herpesvirus-3) a double stranded DNA virus of the family Herpesviridae. (marine.ie)
  • Generation and characterization of koi herpesvirus recombinants lacking viral enzymes of nucleotide metabolism. (fsu.ua)
Carriers3
Diagnosis1
  • In the case of targeting viral RNA, specifically for the diagnosis of the ISA virus in infected tissues of fish, the use of the elongation factor 1 alpha (ELF1α) has been demonstrated to be a reliable reference RNA-expressed control because of its stability and constant expression in Salmo salar organs, in both the presence and the absence of the ISA virus. (thefishsite.com)
Syndrome2
  • Resistance to white spot syndrome virus in the European shore crab is associated with suppressed virion trafficking and heightened immune responses. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Purpura fulminans is a rare syndrome of intravascular thrombosis and hemorrhagic infarction of the skin that is rapidly progressive and is accompanied by vascular collapse and disseminated intravascular coagulation. (medscape.com)
Particle1
  • The virus is an enveloped, bullet-shaped particle, about 180 nm long by 60 nm in diameter, covered with 5 to 15 nm long peplomers. (wikipedia.org)
North America1
Anthrax1
  • Anthrax Anthrax is caused by the gram-positive Bacillus anthracis , which are toxin-producing, encapsulated, facultative anaerobic organisms. (msdmanuals.com)
Deaths2
  • Now the culprit has been discovered, and it's bad news for all fish: turns out the deaths were caused by viral hemorrhagic septicemia . (blogspot.com)
  • The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus in 2019 had rapidly developed into a global pandemic, causing more than 6.8 million deaths and impacting the. (annals.edu.sg)
Symptoms1
Bovine1
  • It is caused by a virus related to the one that causes Bovine Viral Diarrhea disease in cattle. (infonet-biovision.org)
Severe1
  • 29% cause of coma during the preschool and of the survivors were unimpaired at follow school ages and was accompanied by poor up, 9% of had motor deficits but normal outcome (death or impairment) in more than intellect and 9% had severe intellectual and half of the cases. (who.int)