Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
Ductless glands that secrete HORMONES directly into the BLOOD CIRCULATION. These hormones influence the METABOLISM and other functions of cells in the body.
A vascular endothelial growth factor whose expression is found largely restricted to the GONADS; ADRENAL CORTEX; and PLACENTA. It has similar biological activity to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR-A.
Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.
Sebaceous gland neoplasms are uncommon cutaneous tumors that originate from the sebaceous glands, which can be benign (e.g., seborrheic keratosis, syringoma, trichofolliculoma) or malignant (e.g., sebaceous carcinoma, sebaceomatosis, mucoepidermoid carcinoma).
Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.
A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.
Perianal glands, also known as hepatoid glands, are sebaceous glands located in the perianal region of many mammals, including humans, that produce and secret lubricating oils for skin protection and cleanliness.
Neoplasms of the sublingual glands.
A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.
A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)
A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.
Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.
Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A usually benign tumor made up predominantly of myoepithelial cells.
A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid.
Submandibular Gland Neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors, which can be benign or malignant, originating from the glandular tissues of the submandibular salivary gland located beneath the mandible (jawbone).
Accessory salivary glands located in the lip, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth, palate and intramaxillary.
The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, included are the CHROMAFFIN SYSTEM and the NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS.
Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).
Sweat gland neoplasms are abnormal growths that can be benign or malignant, originating from the sweat glands (eccrine or apocrine) and found anywhere on the skin surface.
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.
Exogenous agents, synthetic and naturally occurring, which are capable of disrupting the functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM including the maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS and the regulation of developmental processes. Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can mimic HORMONES, or enhance or block the binding of hormones to their receptors, or otherwise lead to activating or inhibiting the endocrine signaling pathways and hormone metabolism.
Glands of external secretion that release its secretions to the body's cavities, organs, or surface, through a duct.
MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.
One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Pharmacological characterization of beta2-adrenoceptor in PGT-beta mouse pineal gland tumour cells. (1/130)

1. The adrenoceptor in a mouse pineal gland tumour cell line (PGT-beta) was identified and characterized using pharmacological and physiological approaches. 2. Adrenaline and noradrenaline, adrenoceptor agonists, stimulated cyclic AMP generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effect on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production. Adrenaline was a more potent activator of cyclic AMP generation than noradrenaline, with half maximal-effective concentrations (EC50) seen at 175+/-22 nM and 18+/-2 microM for adrenaline and noradrenaline, respectively. 3. The addition of forskolin synergistically stimulated the adrenaline-mediated cyclic AMP generation in a concentration-dependent manner. 4. The pA2 value for the specific beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI-118,551 (8.7+/-0.4) as an antagonist of the adrenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP generation were 3 units higher than the value for the betaI-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol (5.6+/-0.3). 5. Treatment of the cells with adrenaline and forskolin evoked a 3 fold increase in the activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase with the peak occurring 6 h after stimulation. 6. These results suggest the presence of beta2-adrenoceptors in mouse pineal cells and a functional relationship between the adenylyl cyclase system and the regulation of N-acetyltransferase expression.  (+info)

Presence of sorbin in human digestive tract and endocrine digestive tumours. (2/130)

BACKGROUND: Sorbin, a 153 amino acid peptide isolated from porcine intestine, was localised by immunohistochemistry in endocrine cells of the intestinal mucosa and pancreas and in the enteric nervous system in the pig. AIMS: To identify sorbin cells in normal human digestive tissues and to explore the expression of sorbin in 37 digestive endocrine tumours: 14 intestinal carcinoid tumours and 23 endocrine pancreatic tumours including six insulinomas. METHODS: Two polyclonal antibodies against the C-terminal and the N-terminal sequences of porcine sorbin raised in rabbit were used to evaluate sorbin expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the human digestive tract, sorbin, characterised by both C-terminal and N-terminal immunoreactivity, was found in enterochromaffin cells of the gastric and intestinal epithelium from the pyloric junction to the descending colon. C-Terminal sorbin immunoreactivity alone was found in plexii from the enteric nervous system and in some insulin-containing cells of normal pancreas. C-Terminal and N-terminal antibodies disclosed sorbin in five of 14 intestinal carcinoid tumours; C-terminal antibody alone disclosed a C-terminal sorbin peptide in two of six insulinomas and three of 17 endocrine pancreatic tumours. The presence of sorbin was not associated with a specific clinical syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Sorbin is present in the digestive tract in several forms. It is expressed in some intestinal and pancreatic endocrine tumours.  (+info)

Site-specific epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in digestive neuroendocrine tumors. An experimental in vivo and in vitro study. (3/130)

Little is known about the functional interactions between digestive neuroendocrine tumor cells and their stromal microenvironment. The focus of our study is whether mesenchymal cells modulate peptide expression, cell proliferation, and invasiveness in digestive neuroendocrine tumor cells. We designed an experimental in vivo and in vitro study using the mouse enteroendocrine cell line STC-1. In vivo, STC-1 cells were injected subcutaneously in 18 immunosuppressed newborn rats. At day 21, all animals presented poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with lung metastases. Subcutaneous tumors were usually limited by a capsule containing basement membrane components and myofibroblasts that presented a low mitotic index. Lung tumors were devoid of capsule and poor in myofibroblasts, and their mitotic index was high. The profile of peptide expression in STC-1 tumors was different from that of cultured STC-1 cells. In vitro, STC-1 cells were cultured with fibroblasts of different origins, including dermis, lung, digestive tract, and liver. Based on their origin, myofibroblasts differentially modulated hormone synthesis, proliferation, spreading, and adhesion of STC-1 cells. In conclusion, our results show that site-specific functional interactions between mesenchymal and neuroendocrine cells may contribute to modulating the behavior of digestive neuroendocrine tumors, depending on their growth site.  (+info)

Hormonal approaches to the chemoprevention of endocrine-dependent tumors. (4/130)

The estrogen dependency of human breast cancer has been successfully exploited in the treatment of early and advanced diseases and provides a unique opportunity for chemoprevention of this common malignancy. Preliminary results with the antiestrogens Tamoxifen and Raloxifene show an encouraging reduction in the incidence of breast cancer. Alternative approaches include the use of highly selective and non-toxic aromatase inhibitors and, in premenopausal women, the use of LHRH agonists in conjunction with the administration of small doses of estrogen and progesterone. The rationale for these chemopreventive strategies and their possible limitations are briefly discussed.  (+info)

Metallothionein in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. (5/130)

Metallothioneins (MTs) are intracellular proteins that bind to metal ions and are involved in heavy metal homeostasis and detoxification. Pancreatic islets were shown to be positive for zinc-containing matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 by immunocytochemical staining. The immunolocalization of matrix metalloproteinases in pancreatic islets prompted us to study further the link between zinc and MT in 34 cases of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, including insulinomas, glucagonomas, gastrinomas, pancreatic polypeptide-omas, and non-functioning endocrine neoplasms. Four types of islet cells were found to be positive for MT, whereas pancreatic endocrine neoplasms mostly were either weakly positive or negative for MT. The presence of MT in normal islet cells and pancreatic endocrine neoplasms is consistent with the notion that MTs modulate zinc homeostasis and metabolism in pancreatic islet cells and pancreatic endocrine neoplasms as those tissues contain zinc-containing matrix metalloproteinases.  (+info)

Synaptic vesicle protein 2, A new neuroendocrine cell marker. (6/130)

Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) is a glycoprotein identified in the nervous system of several species, including man, but its occurrence in the human neuroendocrine (NE) cell system has not been investigated. By using a monoclonal antibody to SV2, immunoreactivities were demonstrated in NE cell types in human gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal medulla, and also in chief cells of gastric oxyntic mucosa. Immunoelectron microscopy of pancreatic islets revealed SV2 immunoreactivity in secretory granules. Comparison of SV2, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A immunoreactivity showed more SV2- and synaptophysin- than chromogranin A-immunoreactive cells in the antrum and pancreas. In the other gastrointestinal regions and in the other endocrine organs more SV2- than synaptophysin-immunoreactive cells were seen. More chromogranin A- than SV2-immunoreactive cells were observed in duodenum, colon, and parathyroid. Various NE tumors were examined and all contained SV2-immunoreactive cells. The staining patterns with the three markers agreed well, except in hindgut carcinoids, which showed strong SV2 immunoreactivity, weak synaptophysin but no chromogranin A immunostaining. In pituitary adenomas more cells were immunoreactive to SV2 than to the other two antibodies. In conclusion, SV2 is recognized as a further broad marker for NE cells and widens the arsenal of diagnostic tools for NE tumors. It is of special importance for identifying hindgut carcinoids.  (+info)

New perspectives for gene therapy in endocrinology. (7/130)

Gene therapy for endocrine diseases represents an exciting new type of molecular intervention that may be a curative one. Endocrine disorders that might be treated by gene therapy include monogenic diseases, such as GH deficiency and hypothalamic diabetes insipidus, and multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. Premises seem promising for endocrine tumours, but many combined approaches of cell and gene therapy are foreseeable also for other endocrine disorders. This review outlines the principles of gene therapy, describes the endocrine disorders that might take advantage of gene transfer approaches, as well as the gene therapy interventions that have already been attempted, their major limitations and the problems that remain to be solved.  (+info)

Coexistence of an endocrine tumour in a serous cystadenoma (microcystic adenoma) of the pancreas, an unusual association. (8/130)

A pancreatic endocrine tumour arising within a serous cystadenoma is reported. A 49 year old woman was admitted with a history of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss of two months duration. She had been diabetic for 12 years. An epigastric mass was palpated in the physical examination, and computed tomography revealed a multiloculated cystic lesion in the pancreas. Pathological examination of the pancreatic tumour revealed the coexistence of a serous cystadenoma and an endocrine tumour. The endocrine tumour, which was located inside the serous cystadenoma, was 1 cm in diameter. The first case of a serous cystadenoma of the pancreas containing a pancreatic endocrine tumour was reported in the literature recently. This paper reports another incidentally found pancreatic endocrine tumour arising within a serous cystadenoma.  (+info)

Endocrine gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths (tumors) that develop in the endocrine glands. These glands are responsible for producing hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various functions and processes in the body. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms tend to grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade nearby tissues and organs and may also metastasize (spread) to distant sites.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can occur in any of the endocrine glands, including:

1. Pituitary gland: located at the base of the brain, it produces several hormones that regulate growth and development, as well as other bodily functions.
2. Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and calcium balance.
3. Parathyroid glands: located near the thyroid gland, they produce parathyroid hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
4. Adrenal glands: located on top of each kidney, they produce hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.
5. Pancreas: located behind the stomach, it produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, and digestive enzymes that help break down food.
6. Pineal gland: located in the brain, it produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
7. Gonads (ovaries and testicles): located in the pelvis (ovaries) and scrotum (testicles), they produce sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone that regulate reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on the type and location of the tumor. For example, a pituitary gland neoplasm may cause headaches, vision problems, or hormonal imbalances, while an adrenal gland neoplasm may cause high blood pressure, weight gain, or mood changes.

Diagnosis of endocrine gland neoplasms typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and laboratory tests to measure hormone levels. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy, depending on the type and stage of the tumor.

Endocrine glands are ductless glands in the human body that release hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then carry the hormones to various tissues and organs in the body. These glands play a crucial role in regulating many of the body's functions, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

Examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pineal gland, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Each of these glands produces specific hormones that have unique effects on various target tissues in the body.

The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to regulate many bodily functions through a complex network of feedback mechanisms. Disorders of the endocrine system can result in a wide range of symptoms and health problems, including diabetes, thyroid disease, growth disorders, and sexual dysfunction.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a type of protein that plays a crucial role in the formation of new blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. There are several different types of VEGF, and one of them is referred to as "endocrine-gland-derived VEGF" or "VEGF-E."

VEGF-E is specifically produced by certain endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland, and it promotes the growth and proliferation of blood vessels. It does this by binding to and activating VEGF receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, which are the cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels.

VEGF-E has been studied as a potential therapeutic target for various medical conditions, including cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. However, more research is needed to fully understand its role in these diseases and to determine the safety and efficacy of VEGF-E-targeted therapies.

Salivary gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the salivary glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in digestion, lubrication of food and maintaining oral health. Salivary gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign neoplasms are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as swelling, painless lumps, or difficulty swallowing if they grow large enough to put pressure on surrounding tissues.

Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can be aggressive and have the potential to invade nearby structures and metastasize (spread) to distant organs. Symptoms of malignant salivary gland neoplasms may include rapid growth, pain, numbness, or paralysis of facial nerves.

Salivary gland neoplasms can occur in any of the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands) or in the minor salivary glands located throughout the mouth and throat. The exact cause of these neoplasms is not fully understood, but risk factors may include exposure to radiation, certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition.

Sebaceous gland neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sebaceous glands, which are small oil-producing glands found in the skin. These glands are responsible for producing sebum, a natural oil that helps keep the skin and hair moisturized. Sebaceous gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign sebaceous gland neoplasms include:

* Seborrheic keratosis: These are common, harmless growths that appear as rough, scaly patches on the skin. They can be tan, brown, or black in color and vary in size from small to large.
* Sebaceous adenoma: This is a benign tumor that arises from the sebaceous glands. It typically appears as a small, yellowish bump on the skin.

Malignant sebaceous gland neoplasms include:

* Sebaceous carcinoma: This is a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer that arises from the sebaceous glands. It often appears as a hard, painless nodule on the eyelid or other areas of the face and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
* Basal cell carcinoma: While not exclusively a sebaceous gland neoplasm, basal cell carcinomas can sometimes arise from the sebaceous glands. These are slow-growing but invasive skin cancers that typically appear as pearly or flesh-colored bumps on the skin.

It is important to have any new or changing growths on the skin evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine whether they are benign or malignant and to develop an appropriate treatment plan if necessary.

Anal gland neoplasms, also known as anal sac tumors, are abnormal growths that develop from the cells lining the anal glands. These glands are located on either side of the anus in dogs and some other animals, and they produce a scent used for marking territory.

Anal gland neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors are more common and tend to grow quickly, invading surrounding tissues and spreading to other parts of the body (metastasis). Common symptoms of anal gland neoplasms include straining to defecate, bleeding from the rectum, and a firm mass that can be felt near the anus.

Treatment for anal gland neoplasms typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may also be recommended. The prognosis for animals with anal gland neoplasms depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor, whether it has spread to other parts of the body, and the overall health of the animal.

The adrenal glands are a pair of endocrine glands that are located on top of the kidneys. Each gland has two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens, which regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and other vital functions. The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help the body respond to stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.

Perianal glands, also known as hepatoid glands or circumanal glands, are specialized sebaceous glands located in the perianal region of many mammals, including dogs and cats. These glands are found in the skin around the anus and are responsible for producing a scent that is unique to each individual animal. The secretions from these glands play a role in territorial marking and communication.

In humans, there are no true perianal glands, but there are some sweat glands located in the perianal region that can sometimes become inflamed or infected, leading to conditions such as hidradenitis suppurativa or perianal abscesses. However, these conditions are not related to the perianal glands found in animals.

Sublingual gland neoplasms refer to the abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sublingual salivary glands, which are located beneath the tongue in the floor of the mouth. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign sublingual gland neoplasms are typically slow-growing and cause little to no discomfort, although they may become large enough to interfere with speaking, swallowing, or breathing. Malignant sublingual gland neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissues, and potentially spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

The most common type of benign sublingual gland neoplasm is a pleomorphic adenoma, while malignant tumors may include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment options for sublingual gland neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor but often involve surgical excision, with or without radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

A pleomorphic adenoma is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that typically develops in the salivary glands, although they can also occur in other areas such as the nasopharynx and skin. "Pleomorphic" refers to the diverse appearance of the cells within the tumor, which can vary in size, shape, and arrangement.

Pleomorphic adenomas are composed of a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, which can form glandular structures, squamous (scale-like) cells, and areas that resemble cartilage or bone. These tumors tend to grow slowly and usually do not spread to other parts of the body.

While pleomorphic adenomas are generally not dangerous, they can cause problems if they become large enough to press on surrounding tissues or structures. In some cases, these tumors may also undergo malignant transformation, leading to a cancerous growth known as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Surgical removal is the standard treatment for pleomorphic adenomas, and the prognosis is generally good with proper management.

Parotid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the parotid gland, which is the largest of the salivary glands and is located in front of the ear and extends down the neck. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign parotid neoplasms are typically slow-growing, painless masses that may cause facial asymmetry or difficulty in chewing or swallowing if they become large enough to compress surrounding structures. The most common type of benign parotid tumor is a pleomorphic adenoma.

Malignant parotid neoplasms, on the other hand, are more aggressive and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. They may present as rapidly growing masses that are firm or fixed to surrounding structures. Common types of malignant parotid tumors include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

The diagnosis of parotid neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to determine the nature of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the neoplasm but may include surgical excision, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops in the salivary glands or, less commonly, in other areas such as the lungs or skin. It is called "mucoepidermoid" because it contains two types of cells: mucus-secreting cells and squamous (or epidermoid) cells.

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas can vary in their behavior, ranging from low-grade tumors that grow slowly and rarely spread to other parts of the body, to high-grade tumors that are aggressive and can metastasize. The treatment and prognosis for mucoepidermoid carcinoma depend on several factors, including the grade and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health.

It is important to note that while I strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, this definition may not capture all the nuances of this medical condition. Therefore, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for medical advice.

The thyroid gland is a major endocrine gland located in the neck, anterior to the trachea and extends from the lower third of the Adams apple to the suprasternal notch. It has two lateral lobes, connected by an isthmus, and sometimes a pyramidal lobe. This gland plays a crucial role in the metabolism, growth, and development of the human body through the production of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine/T3 and thyroxine/T4) and calcitonin. The thyroid hormones regulate body temperature, heart rate, and the production of protein, while calcitonin helps in controlling calcium levels in the blood. The function of the thyroid gland is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland through the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Palatal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that occur on the palate, which is the roof of the mouth. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slower growing and less likely to spread, while malignant neoplasms are more aggressive and can invade nearby tissues and organs.

Palatal neoplasms can have various causes, including genetic factors, environmental exposures, and viral infections. They may present with symptoms such as mouth pain, difficulty swallowing, swelling or lumps in the mouth, bleeding, or numbness in the mouth or face.

The diagnosis of palatal neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical examination, imaging studies, and sometimes biopsy to determine the type and extent of the growth. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or spread of the neoplasm.

Chloroprene is a colorless liquid with a mild, rubbery odor. It is chemically known as 2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene and is primarily used in the industrial production of polychloroprene, a type of synthetic rubber that is resistant to heat, oil, and weathering.

In a medical context, chloroprene itself is not commonly used or encountered. However, exposure to chloroprene during its manufacture or use in industrial settings has been associated with an increased risk of certain health effects, including neurological damage, liver toxicity, and cancer. Therefore, occupational safety regulations exist to limit worker exposure to this chemical.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare type of cancer that can occur in various glands and tissues of the body, most commonly in the salivary glands. AdCC is characterized by its slow growth and tendency to spread along nerves. It typically forms solid, cystic, or mixed tumors with distinct histological features, including epithelial cells arranged in tubular, cribriform, or solid patterns.

The term "carcinoma" refers to a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells lining various organs and glands. In this case, adenoid cystic carcinoma is a specific type of carcinoma that arises in the salivary glands or other glandular tissues.

The primary treatment options for AdCC include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy. Despite its slow growth, adenoid cystic carcinoma has a propensity to recur locally and metastasize to distant sites such as the lungs, bones, and liver. Long-term follow-up is essential due to the risk of late recurrences.

Myoepithelioma is a very rare, benign (non-cancerous) tumor that arises from the myoepithelial cells, which are found in various glands throughout the body, including salivary glands, sweat glands, and mammary glands. These tumors typically appear as slow-growing, painless masses. While they are usually benign, some myoepitheliomas can become malignant (cancerous) and invasive, leading to more serious health concerns. Treatment for myoepithelioma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor.

Adenolymphoma is a rare, benign tumor that arises from the lymphoid tissue found in glandular structures, such as the salivary glands. It is also known as Warthin's tumor or cystic papillary adenolymphoma.

The tumor is composed of multiple cyst-like spaces lined by columnar epithelial cells and surrounded by lymphoid tissue, which may contain lymphocytes, plasma cells, and occasionally, germinal centers. The etiology of adenolymphoma is unclear, but it has been associated with smoking and genetic factors.

Adenolymphomas are typically slow-growing and painless, although they can cause discomfort or facial asymmetry if they become large enough. They are usually diagnosed through imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, followed by a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of adenolymphoma typically involves surgical excision, which is usually curative. Recurrence after surgery is rare, but long-term follow-up is recommended due to the potential for malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma or other malignancies.

Submandibular gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the submandibular glands. These are one of the three pairs of major salivary glands located beneath the jaw and produce saliva that helps in digestion. Submandibular gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign neoplasms are typically slow-growing, do not invade surrounding tissues, and rarely spread to other parts of the body. Common types of benign submandibular gland neoplasms include pleomorphic adenomas and monomorphic adenomas.

Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are aggressive and can invade nearby structures or metastasize (spread) to distant organs. Common types of malignant submandibular gland neoplasms include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma.

Symptoms of submandibular gland neoplasms may include a painless swelling or mass in the neck, difficulty swallowing, speaking, or breathing, numbness or tingling in the tongue or lips, and unexplained weight loss. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor but often involve surgical excision, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

Minor salivary glands are numerous small exocrine glands that produce saliva and are distributed throughout the oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and paranasal sinuses. They are classified as "minor" due to their smaller size compared to the three pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual). The minor salivary glands are primarily mucous glands, although some contain serous cells. They are responsible for producing approximately 5-10% of the total saliva in the mouth. These glands help moisten the oral cavity, protect the mucosal lining, and facilitate speaking, chewing, and swallowing.

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones. It plays a crucial role in regulating various functions and processes in the body, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

The major endocrine glands include:

1. Pituitary gland: located at the base of the brain, it is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls other glands' functions. It produces and releases several hormones that regulate growth, development, and reproduction.
2. Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
3. Parathyroid glands: located near the thyroid gland, they produce parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels in the blood.
4. Adrenal glands: located on top of the kidneys, they produce hormones that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.
5. Pancreas: located in the abdomen, it produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels.
6. Sex glands (ovaries and testes): they produce sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone that regulate sexual development and reproduction.
7. Pineal gland: located in the brain, it produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.

The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis or balance in the body's internal environment. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target cells or organs, where they bind to specific receptors and elicit a response. Disorders of the endocrine system can result from overproduction or underproduction of hormones, leading to various health problems such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, growth disorders, and sexual dysfunction.

Salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity to keep the mouth and throat moist, aid in digestion by initiating food breakdown, and help maintain dental health. There are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands located in the cheeks, the submandibular glands found beneath the jaw, and the sublingual glands situated under the tongue. Additionally, there are numerous minor salivary glands distributed throughout the oral cavity lining. These glands release their secretions through a system of ducts into the mouth.

Sweat gland neoplasms are abnormal growths that develop in the sweat glands. These growths can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign sweat gland neoplasms include hidradenomas and syringomas, which are usually slow-growing and cause little to no symptoms. Malignant sweat gland neoplasms, also known as sweat gland carcinomas, are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as a lump or mass under the skin, pain, swelling, and redness. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the growth.

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones. It plays a crucial role in regulating various functions in the body, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

Endocrine system diseases or disorders occur when there is a problem with the production or regulation of hormones. This can result from:

1. Overproduction or underproduction of hormones by the endocrine glands.
2. Impaired response of target cells to hormones.
3. Disruption in the feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone production.

Examples of endocrine system diseases include:

1. Diabetes Mellitus - a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
2. Hypothyroidism - underactive thyroid gland leading to slow metabolism, weight gain, fatigue, and depression.
3. Hyperthyroidism - overactive thyroid gland causing rapid heartbeat, anxiety, weight loss, and heat intolerance.
4. Cushing's Syndrome - excess cortisol production resulting in obesity, high blood pressure, and weak muscles.
5. Addison's Disease - insufficient adrenal hormone production leading to weakness, fatigue, and low blood pressure.
6. Acromegaly - overproduction of growth hormone after puberty causing enlargement of bones, organs, and soft tissues.
7. Gigantism - similar to acromegaly but occurs before puberty resulting in excessive height and body size.
8. Hypopituitarism - underactive pituitary gland leading to deficiencies in various hormones.
9. Hyperparathyroidism - overactivity of the parathyroid glands causing calcium imbalances and kidney stones.
10. Precocious Puberty - early onset of puberty due to premature activation of the pituitary gland.

Treatment for endocrine system diseases varies depending on the specific disorder and may involve medication, surgery, lifestyle changes, or a combination of these approaches.

Endocrine disruptors are defined as exogenous (external) substances or mixtures that interfere with the way hormones work in the body, leading to negative health effects. They can mimic, block, or alter the normal synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis, reproduction, development, and/or behavior.

Endocrine disruptors can be found in various sources, including industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. They have been linked to a range of health problems, such as cancer, reproductive issues, developmental disorders, neurological impairments, and immune system dysfunction.

Examples of endocrine disruptors include bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and certain pesticides like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and vinclozolin.

It is important to note that endocrine disruptors can have effects at very low doses, and their impact may depend on the timing of exposure, particularly during critical windows of development such as fetal growth and early childhood.

Exocrine glands are a type of gland in the human body that produce and release substances through ducts onto an external or internal surface. These glands are responsible for secreting various substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricants that help in digestion, protection, and other bodily functions.

Exocrine glands can be further classified into three types based on their mode of secretion:

1. Merocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by exocytosis, where the secretory product is enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell. Examples include sweat glands and mucous glands.
2. Apocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by pinching off a portion of the cytoplasm along with the secretory product. An example is the apocrine sweat gland found in the armpits and genital area.
3. Holocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by disintegrating and releasing the entire cell, including its organelles and secretory products. An example is the sebaceous gland found in the skin, which releases an oily substance called sebum.

Mammary glands are specialized exocrine glands found in mammals, including humans and other animals. These glands are responsible for producing milk, which is used to nurse offspring after birth. The mammary glands are located in the breast region of female mammals and are usually rudimentary or absent in males.

In animals, mammary glands can vary in number and location depending on the species. For example, humans and other primates have two mammary glands, one in each breast. Cows, goats, and sheep, on the other hand, have multiple pairs of mammary glands located in their lower abdominal region.

Mammary glands are made up of several structures, including lobules, ducts, and connective tissue. The lobules contain clusters of milk-secreting cells called alveoli, which produce and store milk. The ducts transport the milk from the lobules to the nipple, where it is released during lactation.

Mammary glands are an essential feature of mammals, as they provide a source of nutrition for newborn offspring. They also play a role in the development and maintenance of the mother-infant bond, as nursing provides opportunities for physical contact and bonding between the mother and her young.

The submandibular glands are one of the major salivary glands in the human body. They are located beneath the mandible (jawbone) and produce saliva that helps in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the oral cavity. The saliva produced by the submandibular glands contains enzymes like amylase and mucin, which aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and provide moisture to the mouth and throat. Any medical condition or disease that affects the submandibular gland may impact its function and could lead to problems such as dry mouth (xerostomia), swelling, pain, or infection.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.

An endocrine gland neoplasm is a neoplasm affecting one or more glands of the endocrine system.[citation needed]Examples ... Conditions such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. ... Pinealoma is often grouped with brain tumors because of its location.[citation needed] Multiple endocrine neoplasia "Thyroid ... Endocrine neoplasia, All stub articles, Neoplasm stubs). ...
... a 1942 military aircraft Ruy Lopez chess openings ECO code Malignant neoplasm of other endocrine glands and related structures ...
... neoplasm of thyroid gland 194 Malignant neoplasm of other endocrine glands and related structures 195 Malignant neoplasm of ... 140 Malignant neoplasm of lip 141 Malignant neoplasm of tongue 142 Malignant neoplasm of major salivary glands 143 Malignant ... of brain and other parts of nervous system 226 Benign neoplasm of thyroid glands 227 Benign neoplasm of other endocrine glands ... of genitourinary organs 237 Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of endocrine glands and nervous system 237.0 Pituitary gland and ...
An adrenal tumor or adrenal mass is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for ... The adrenal cortex is composed of three distinct layers of endocrine cells which produce critical steroid hormones. These ... 2015). Adrenal Glands: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Evidence. New York, NY: Nova Science. ISBN 978-1-63483-570-1. Cotran R ... Pheochromocytoma is a neoplasm composed of cells similar to the chromaffin cells of the mature adrenal medulla. ...
Cancer (including neoplasms in the mammalian lung, oral/nasal cavities, thyroid and adrenal glands, and liver, squamous cell ... Endocrine disruption In rodents and fish. Immunosuppression In rodents and fish. The LD50 of dioxin also varies wildly between ... Furthermore, alterations in multiple endocrine and growth factor systems have been reported. The most sensitive effects, ...
"Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms". Endocrine Pathology. 33 (1): 27-63. doi:10.1007/s12022-022-09707 ... mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands (also termed MASC or MASCSG), salivary gland-type carcinoma of the ... Skalova A, Michal M, Simpson RH (January 2017). "Newly described salivary gland tumors". Modern Pathology. 30 (s1): S27-S43. ... Stenman G (July 2013). "Fusion oncogenes in salivary gland tumors: molecular and clinical consequences". Head and Neck ...
The MEN-1 syndrome often exhibits tumors of parathyroid glands, anterior pituitary, endocrine pancreas, and endocrine duodenum ... The MEN1 phenotype is inherited via an autosomal-dominant pattern and is associated with neoplasms of the pituitary gland, the ... "Entrez Gene: MEN1 multiple endocrine neoplasia I". Thakker RV (June 2010). "Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)". Best ... GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 MEN1 gene variant database MEN1+protein,+human at the U.S ...
... and endocrine glands. It is the most severe type of multiple endocrine neoplasia, differentiated by the presence of benign oral ... multiple endocrine neoplasm 2B or not 2B?". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83 (1): 17-20. doi:10.1210/jcem.83.1.4504. PMID 9435410.{{ ... Multiple endocrine neoplasia Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a Rapini, Ronald P.; ... Endocrine neoplasia, Endocrine-related cutaneous conditions, Autosomal dominant disorders). ...
Other endocrine and non-endocrine neoplasms including adrenocortical and thyroid tumors, visceral and cutaneous lipomas, ... McCune-Albright syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by endocrine neoplastic features involving endocrine glands that ... Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b "multiple ... Wermer P (1954). "Genetic aspects of adenomatosis of endocrine glands". Am. J. Med. 16 (3): 363-71. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(54) ...
... a neoplasm, or tumor composed of glial cells) on a lobe of the pituitary gland, as well congenital underdevelopment of the ... Endocrine insufficiency of the pancreas occurs with Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, though it is sometimes less common and less ... Pancreatic endocrine insufficiency in Johanson-Blizzard syndrome can be associated with either a buildup of connective tissue ... Endocrine dysfunction of the pancreas often results in diabetes mellitus. Both insulin resistance and diabetes have been ...
"Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms". Endocrine Pathology. 33 (1): 27-63. doi:10.1007/s12022-022-09707 ... thyroid gland (now termed salivary gland-type carcinoma of the thyroid), or skin (now termed secretory carcinoma of the skin or ... Vasanthi V, Ramadoss R (2021). "Secretory carcinoma of salivary gland - A systematic review of pediatric case reports and case ... salivary gland-type carcinomas of the thyroid, and secretory carcinoma of the skin. This translocation is the sole genetic ...
... is a slow growing salivary gland neoplasm (the SG in MASCSG stands for salivary gland) that develops in adults and, in a ... "Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms". Endocrine Pathology. 33 (1): 27-63. doi:10.1007/s12022-022-09707 ... MASCSG tumors are located most often in a parotid salivary gland or infrequently a buccal mucosa salivary gland, submandibular ... Salivary gland-type carcinoma of the thyroid appears to be a more aggressive disease than mammary secretory carcinoma or MASCSG ...
... and malignant neoplasms originating in the adrenal glands. It can detect both intra and extra-adrenal disease. The imaging is ... MIBG concentrates in endocrine tumors, most commonly neuroblastoma, paraganglioma, and pheochromocytoma. It also accumulates in ... Vlachou FJ (2018). "SPECT in Adrenal Glands". In Gouliamos AD, Andreou JA, Kosmidis PA (eds.). Imaging in Clinical Oncology. ... norepinephrine transporters in adrenergic nerves in the heart, lungs, adrenal medulla, salivary glands, liver, and spleen, as ...
The presence of endocrine cells in the tumour also indicates its origin from the glands surrounding the bile ducts. The ... Endometrioid cystadenoma (8380) Appendix: The term mucinous cystadenoma is an obsolete term for appendiceal mucinous neoplasm ... "Appendix - Other tumors - Mucinous neoplasms (LAMN and HAMN)". Topic Completed: 1 October 2017. Revised: 11 December 2019 ...
A parathyroid neoplasm is a tumor of the parathyroid gland. Types include: Parathyroid adenoma Parathyroid carcinoma[citation ... Endocrine neoplasia, All stub articles, Neoplasm stubs). ...
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology 666-701.........................................Diseases of the ... Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology 680-688...................................Diseases of the locomotor system (Surgical treatment) 701 ... Endocrine gynecology 211-483...................................Abnormalities and diseases of the female genital organs 484-485 ... Diseases of the glands, hair, nails 201-331...................................Hyperemias, inflammations, and infections of the ...
Adrenal gland - The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones ... Papillary - In oncology, papillary refers to neoplasms with projections ("papillae", from Latin, 'nipple') that have ... In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the ... Parathyroid glands - are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods. Humans usually have four parathyroid ...
Coppola, Christopher P.; Merrell, Ronald C. (2001). "Neoplasms of the Adrenal and Endocrine Pancreas in the Elderly". In ... "Adrenal Gland" (Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2014, Articles with short description, Short ...
"Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms". Endocrine Pathology. 33 (1): 27-63. doi:10.1007/s12022-022-09707 ... salivary gland (termed cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary glands), sweat glands (termed primary cutaneous cribriform ... It originates in a lactiferous duct as opposed to the lobules that form the alveoli in the breasts' mammary glands (lobules ... Rarely, cancers with the histopathological cribriform pattern develop in other organs such as the prostate gland (termed ...
The various kinds of cells that can give rise to NETs are present in endocrine glands and are also diffusely distributed ... Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous systems. They most ... Neuroendocrine cells are present not only in endocrine glands throughout the body that produce hormones, but are found in all ... The neuroendocrine system includes endocrine glands such as the pituitary, the parathyroids and the neuroendocrine adrenals, as ...
... sebaceous gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588.805.776 - sweat gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588.839.500 - muscle neoplasms MeSH C04.588. ... paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes MeSH C04.588.322.525 - parathyroid neoplasms MeSH C04.588.322.609 - pituitary neoplasms MeSH ... anal gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.476.411.445 - duodenal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.476.411.501 - ileal neoplasms MeSH ... lip neoplasms MeSH C04.588.443.591.692 - palatal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.443.591.824 - salivary gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588. ...
... in which primary tumors occur in two or more endocrine glands. About 40-70% of people born with a MEN1 mutation eventually ... Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms are a broad group of pancreas tumors that have varying malignant potential. They are being ... Small precancerous neoplasms for many pancreatic cancers are being detected at greatly increased rates by modern medical ... Like the 'functioning' endocrine cancers described below, acinar cell carcinomas may cause over-production of certain molecules ...
A challenging neoplasm of the thyroid". Endocrine Practice. 17 (6): e140-3. doi:10.4158/EP11138.CR. PMID 21940281. Carlé, Allan ... A thyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the thyroid gland, that may be inactive or active (functioning autonomously) as a toxic ... In contrast, a multinodular goiter is usually thought to result from a hyperplastic response of the entire thyroid gland to a ... ISBN 978-0-7216-0187-8. "Endocrine Pathology". Retrieved 2009-05-08. emedicine > Thyroid, Evaluation of Solitary Thyroid Nodule ...
... "pancreatic endocrine tumours" are neuroendocrine neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous system ... McKenna LR, Edil BH (November 2014). "Update on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors". Gland Surgery. 3 (4): 258-75. doi:10.3978/j. ... Only 1 or 2% of clinically significant pancreas neoplasms are PanNETs. The majority of PanNETs are benign, while some are ... Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may arise in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Von Hippel-Lindau disease, ...
Most tumors are seen in just one lobe of the thyroid gland (unifocal), but multicentric tumors (same lobe or opposite lobe) can ... The new classification will be included in the World Health Organization's new Classification of Endocrine Organ Tumours, due ... Follicular Neoplasm or Suspicious for a Follicular Neoplasm (Bethesda Category IV); Suspicious for Malignancy (Bethesda ... Definition of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP): A noninvasive neoplasm that ...
"Frequency of facial angiofibromas in Japanese patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1". Endocrine Journal. 47 (5): ... Oral fibromas are not neoplasms; they are hyperplastic (i.e. overgrowth) reactions of fibrous tissue to local trauma or chronic ... fibrous papules are unrelated to sebaceous glands). They develop in up to 8% of the general adult population and occur as 1 to ... Fibrous papules also occur in individuals with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (a study done in Japan found that 43% of ...
Endocrine tumors may manifest as disorders such as Cushing syndrome. The most common endocrine gland manifestation is an ACTH- ... Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms, Syndromes affecting the skin, Syndromes affecting the heart, Syndromes with tumors). ... and endocrine overactivity. It is distinct from Carney's triad. Approximately 7% of all cardiac myxomas are associated with ... "Pancreatic ductal and acinar cell neoplasms in Carney complex: a possible new association". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96 (11): ...
Benign soft tissue neoplasms 1. Peripheral nerve sheath tumours most commonly are traumatic neuromas, a reactive response to ... If present, the submucosa usually contains loose connective tissue and may also contain adipose tissue or salivary glands, as ... Mucosal neuromas can be associated with other conditions such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndrome and may precede ... However, they are not true benign neoplasms (denoted by suffix ~oma), which are similar in appearance but very rare in the ...
About 5% of cases are associated with tumours of the parathyroid glands and the pituitary (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 ... MeSH website, tree at: "Pancreatic Neoplasms [C04.588.322.475]",[dead link] accessed 16 October 2014 "Insulinomas". The ... Insulinoma is one of the most common types of tumours arising from the islets of Langerhans cells (pancreatic endocrine tumours ... Endocrine. 31 (3): 238-241. doi:10.1007/s12020-007-0045-4. PMID 17906369. S2CID 5634475. "Genentech and Axel Ulrich clone the ...
... endocrine pancreas) Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome Pancreatic Cancer Parathyroid cancer Pheochromocytoma Thyroid cancer ... Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma Mast cell leukemia Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma Multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm ... carcinoma Oral cancer Oropharyngeal cancer Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer Pharyngeal cancer Salivary gland cancer ...
An endocrine gland neoplasm is a neoplasm affecting one or more glands of the endocrine system.[citation needed]Examples ... Conditions such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. ... Pinealoma is often grouped with brain tumors because of its location.[citation needed] Multiple endocrine neoplasia "Thyroid ... Endocrine neoplasia, All stub articles, Neoplasm stubs). ...
Search Keyword: Endocrine Gland Neoplasms This is a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of belzutifan monotherapy in ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms - surgery. Endocrine Surgical Procedures. Specialty. Clinical Decision-Making. Endocrinology. ... Endocrine Gland Neoplasms - surgery. Neuroendocrine Tumors - surgery. Abstract. This book brings together recognized experts in ... Endocrine surgery has been an area of special interest to surgeons for well over a century, while the increasing incidence of ... Difficult Decisions in Endocrine Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach features a wealth of information on ideal approaches for ...
Categories: Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Digestive System Neoplasms. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine. Endocrine Gland Neoplasms. Neoplasms, Thoracic. Gastrointestinal ... Rectal Cancer Salivary Gland Cancer Sarcoma Sickle Cell Disease Skin Cancer Stomach Cancer Testicular Cancer Thyroid Cancer ... Lymphedema Melanoma Merkel Cell Carcinoma Mesothelioma Multiple Myeloma Myelodysplastic Syndrome Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ... Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Colon Cancer Cutaneous Lymphoma Endocrine Tumors Endometrial Cancer Esophageal Cancer Gastrointestinal ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms [C04.588.322]. *Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia [C04.588.322.400]. *Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b ... Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b [C04.700.630.510]. *Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [C16] ... "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b" by people in this ...
124 Malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands (C73-C75). 125 Other malignant neoplasms of other and unspecified ... 120 Malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa (C69). 121 1 Malignant neoplasms of meninges, brain and other parts of central nervous ... 096 Malignant neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage (C40-C41). 097 1 Melanoma and other malignant neoplasms of skin (C43- ... 090 1 Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and intrathoracic organs (C30-C39). 091 Of nasal cavity, middle ear and accessory ...
The Icd-10 code range for Neoplasms of uncertain behavior, polycythemia vera and myelodysplastic syndromes D37-D48 is medical ... Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of brain and central nervous system, Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of endocrine glands, ... Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of female genital organs, Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of male genital organs, Neoplasm of ... contains ICD-10 codes for Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of oral cavity and digestive organs, Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms [C04.588.322]. *Adrenal Gland Neoplasms [C04.588.322.078]. *Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms [C04.588.322.078 ... "Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms" by people in this website by year, ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms" by people in Profiles. ...
A 474% increase in neoplasms of the thyroid and other endocrine glands. • A 487% increase in demyelinating. • A 487% increase ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms [C04.588.322]. *Ovarian Neoplasms [C04.588.322.455]. *Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome [ ... Endocrine Gland Neoplasms [C19.344]. *Ovarian Neoplasms [C19.344.410]. *Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome [C19.344. ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 24% * Radiotherapy Medicine & Life Sciences 21% ... N2 - Although thyroid cancer is a comparatively rare malignancy, it represents the vast majority of endocrine cancers and its ... AB - Although thyroid cancer is a comparatively rare malignancy, it represents the vast majority of endocrine cancers and its ... Although thyroid cancer is a comparatively rare malignancy, it represents the vast majority of endocrine cancers and its ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms +. 2646. Eye Neoplasms +. 117. Head and Neck Neoplasms +. 1607. ... A collective term for precoordinated organ/neoplasm headings locating neoplasms by organ, as BRAIN NEOPLASMS; DUODENAL ... NEOPLASMS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; etc.. Synonyms:. exact_synonym: Neoplasm Site; Neoplasm Sites; Neoplasms by Sites. ...
Uterine NeoplasmsBreast NeoplasmsColonic NeoplasmsBone Marrow NeoplasmsEndocrine Gland NeoplasmsIntestinal NeoplasmsNeoplasms, ... Cord NeoplasmsVaginal NeoplasmsAdrenal Gland NeoplasmsNervous System NeoplasmsPenile NeoplasmsNeoplasm SeedingGenital Neoplasms ... OutcomeBone Marrow NeoplasmsPreoperative CareEndocrine Gland NeoplasmsNeoplasm ProteinsBiopsyIntestinal NeoplasmsNeoplasms, ... Pancreatic NeoplasmsNeoplasmsLymphatic MetastasisSkin NeoplasmsNeoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and SerousLung NeoplasmsNeoplasms, ...
Malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands - 474% increase. *Female infertility - 472% increase ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms 100% * Pancreatic Neoplasms 60% * RNA Polymerase II 55% * Neoplasms 20% ... Human PAF complexes in endocrine tumors and pancreatic cancer. Deb, S., Ponnusamy, M. P., Senapati, S., Dey, P. & Batra, S. K. ... Clinical and Molecular Attributes and Evaluation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm. Raut, P., Nimmakayala, R. K., Batra, S. K. & ...
... by neoplasms and ectopic endocrine tissue or hyperfunction and hypofunction of endocrine glands associated with neoplasms and ... Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases. Note*All neoplasms, whether functionally active or not, are classified in ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 68% * Pediatrics Medicine & Life Sciences 56% ... N2 - Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer in the paediatric population. Although the disease is ... AB - Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer in the paediatric population. Although the disease is ... Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer in the paediatric population. Although the disease is diagnosed ...
Neoplasm of unspecified behavior of brain, endocrine glands and other CNS. R85.614. Cytologic evidence of malignancy on smear ... Benign neoplasm of pituitary gland, craniopharyngeal duct and pineal gland. D42.-, D43.-. Neoplasm of uncertain or unknown ... Neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of other endocrine glands (see "must collect" list for D44.3-D44.5) Note: Screen for ... Neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of pituitary gland, craniopharyngeal duct and pineal gland. ...
Malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands................................C73-C75 99 Other malignant neoplasms ... In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior.......D00-D48 # Diseases of the blood and ... In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior.........D00-D48 7# Anemias ... C97 41# In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior.........D00-D48 42# Anemias ...
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia. *Endocrine Gland Neoplasms. *Infertility. *Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ... Research of Prolactinoma has been linked to Pituitary Neoplasms, Pituitary Diseases, Adenoma, Neoplasms, Pituitary Adenoma. The ... prolactinoma of pituitary gland, prolactinoma (disorder), prolactinoma, familial, familial prolactinoma, pituitary adenoma. ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms. *Leukemogenesis. *Hyperplasia. *Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia. *Malignant Neoplasm Of Thyroid ...
Neoplasm of unspecified behavior of endocrine glands and other parts of nervous system ... Other specified malignant neoplasm of skin of unspecified ear and external auricular canal ... Other specified malignant neoplasm of skin of right ear and external auricular canal ... Other specified malignant neoplasm of skin of left ear and external auricular canal ...
Malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands: 474 percent increase. *Female infertility: 472 percent increase ...
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms [C04.588.322]. *Pituitary Neoplasms [C04.588.322.609]. *ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma [C04.588. ...
C57 is a non-billable diagnosis code for malignant neoplasm of other and unsp female genital organs, use codes with a higher ... C73-C75 - Malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands * C76-C80 - Malignant neoplasms of ill-defined, other ... Neoplasms (C00-D48) * Malignant neoplasms of female genital organs (C51-C58) * Malignant neoplasm of other and unsp female ... C56 - Malignant neoplasm of ovary* C56.1 - Malignant neoplasm of right ovary* C56.2 - Malignant neoplasm of left ovary* C56.3 ...
She also had active AC and was clinically diagnosed as multiple endocrine neoplasm type 1 because of pHPT and AC. Two enlarged ... parathyroid glands were detected by preoperative examinations. We performed total parathyroidectomy and thyroidectomy. After ...
Thyroid Neoplasms Vocal Cord Paralysis Endocrine System Diseases Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Head and Neck ... Neoplasms Laryngeal Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases Vagus Nerve Diseases Cranial Nerve ...
Karolinska Institutet Links pertaining to Endocrine System Diseases Karolinska Institutet Contents: Acromegaly - Addison Disea ... Endocrine Gland Neoplasms - Endocrine System Diseases - Gigantism - Gonadal Disorders - Graves Disease - Hermaphroditism - ... Acromegaly - Addison Disease - Adrenal Gland Diseases - Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital - Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome - ... Thyroid Neoplasms - Thyroid Nodule - Thyroiditis - Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - Thyroiditis, Subacute - Wolfram Syndrome - ...
These data give an unique overview of the burden of endocrine carcinomas in Europe. A list of tumour entities based on the ... In 2003, more than 315,000 persons in the EU (27 countries) were alive with a past diagnosis of a carcinoma of endocrine organs ... The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, prevalence and survival of endocrine tumours using a large database, which ... Over 33,594 cases of endocrine carcinomas were analysed in this study. Incidence rates increased with age and were highest in ...
  • Conditions such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • This book brings together recognized experts in the field to describe their current techniques for the surgical treatment of diseased thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, as well as neuroendocrine tumors of small bowel, pancreas, liver, and skin. (nshealth.ca)
  • It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (lookformedical.com)
  • Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of autosomal dominant diseases characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors involving two or more ENDOCRINE GLANDS that secrete PEPTIDE HORMONES or AMINES. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Pancreatic endocrine tumor, also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET), describes a group of endocrine tumors originating in the pancreas that are usually indolent and benign, but may have the potential to be malignant. (findzebra.com)
  • Numerous types of tumors may involve the pituitary gland and sellar region, reflecting the complex anatomy of this area. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to tumors, a variety of nonneoplastic lesions may affect the pituitary gland, bringing a number of processes into the differential diagnosis of the tumors involving this region. (medscape.com)
  • Craniopharyngiomas represent 1-2% of all intracranial neoplasms and about 10% of the tumors of the sellar region. (medscape.com)
  • Although researchers have learned much from the study of this diverse group of tumors over the years, the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland neoplasms remain complex and challenging problems for the head and neck surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In children and adolescents, salivary gland tumors make up 0.5% of all malignancies. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 , 5 ] ) Benign neoplasms occur more frequently in women than in men, but malignant tumors are distributed equally between the sexes. (medscape.com)
  • Almost half of all submandibular gland neoplasms and most sublingual and minor salivary gland tumors are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • Successful diagnosis and treatment of patients with salivary gland tumors require a thorough understanding of tumor etiology, biologic behavior of each tumor type, and salivary gland anatomy. (medscape.com)
  • An estimated 700 deaths (0.4 per 100,000 for males and 0.2 per 100,000 for females) related to salivary gland tumors occur annually. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging studies of the salivary glands are usually unnecessary for the assessment of small tumors within the parotid or submandibular gland. (medscape.com)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for determining the extent of large tumors, for evaluating extraglandular extension, for determining the actual depth of parotid tumors, and for discovering other tumors in one gland or in the contralateral gland. (medscape.com)
  • The study involved 17 patients, including 11 with malignant tumors and six with benign neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • However, no difference exists between the specificities and sensitivities of CT scanning and MRI for the location or amount of infiltration of tumors in the parotid gland. (medscape.com)
  • This imaging is particularly valuable for salivary gland neoplasms in the paranasal sinus, where skull-base or intracranial extension may alter the resectability of the tumors. (medscape.com)
  • CT-guided needle biopsy can be used to evaluate difficult-to-reach tumors, such as neoplasms in the parapharyngeal space. (medscape.com)
  • Many different types of tumors are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tumors in these glands can lead to the overproduction of hormones. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hyperparathyroidism is the most common feature, followed by tumors of the pituitary gland, additional endocrine glands, and other organs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The loss of functional menin allows cells to divide too frequently, leading to the formation of tumors characteristic of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is unclear why these tumors preferentially affect endocrine tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This unchecked cell division can lead to the formation of tumors in endocrine glands and other tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Experience in the SEER registries has shown that using the Supplemental List increases casefinding for benign brain and CNS, hematopoietic neoplasms, and other reportable diseases. (cancer.gov)
  • Association between various thyroid gland diseases, TSH values and thyroid cancer: a case-control study. (nih.gov)
  • Melanie L. Lyden, M.D., MHPE, is an endocrine surgeon with a special interest in parathyroid, thyroid and adrenal diseases. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The pancreas is a gland located between the stomach, spleen, duodenum and colon transversum. (rarediseases.org)
  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are an increasingly common group of malignancies that arise within the endocrine tissue of the pancreas. (rarediseases.org)
  • The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. (lookformedical.com)
  • C57 is a non-specific and non-billable diagnosis code code, consider using a code with a higher level of specificity for a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified female genital organs. (icdlist.com)
  • Carcinoma of endocrine organs: results of the RARECARE project. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In 2003, more than 315,000 persons in the EU (27 countries) were alive with a past diagnosis of a carcinoma of endocrine organs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b" by people in this website by year, and whether "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Most pNENs occur sporadically, but in some cases, pNENs may occur as part of a larger genetic syndrome such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or von Hippel Lindau (VHL) syndrome. (rarediseases.org)
  • Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A using COLD-PCR combined with HRM genotyping analysis from maternal serum. (repositoriosalud.es)
  • The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a monogenic disorder characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance which is characterized by high risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma in all mutation carriers. (repositoriosalud.es)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia is a group of disorders that affect the body's network of hormone-producing glands called the endocrine system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The major forms of multiple endocrine neoplasia are called type 1, type 2, and type 4. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The most common sign of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is overactivity of the parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The most common sign of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is a form of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is divided into three subtypes: type 2A, type 2B (formerly called type 3), and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The signs and symptoms of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 are relatively consistent within any one family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 appears to have signs and symptoms similar to those of type 1, although it is caused by mutations in a different gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 affects an estimated 1 in 35,000 people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The prevalence of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 is unknown, although the condition appears to be rare. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the MEN1 , RET , and CDKN1B genes can cause multiple endocrine neoplasia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the MEN1 gene cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the RET gene cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Clinical Profile and Mutations Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-Type1 (MEN1) and Their First-Degree Relatives at Risk of Developing MEN1: A Prospective Study. (cdc.gov)
  • Management and Long-Term Follow-Up of Hyperparathyroidism in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: Single Center Experience. (cdc.gov)
  • may be used as additional codes to indicate either functional activity by neoplasms and ectopic endocrine tissue or hyperfunction and hypofunction of endocrine glands associated with neoplasms and other conditions classified elsewhere. (icd10data.com)
  • Codes in Chapter 3 (i.e., 242.8, 246.0, 251-253, 255-259) may be used to identify such functional activity associated with any neoplasm, or by ectopic endocrine tissue. (theodora.com)
  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer in the paediatric population. (smu.ac.za)
  • Parathyroid carcinoma was the rarest endocrine entity with two new cases per 10,000,000 person years. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy in children. (medscape.com)
  • Most series report that about 80% of parotid neoplasms are benign, with the relative proportion of malignancy increasing in the smaller glands. (medscape.com)
  • The most common tumor of the parotid gland is the pleomorphic adenoma , which represents about 60% of all parotid neoplasms, as seen in the table below. (medscape.com)
  • Common parotid neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Indeed, a study by Mamlouk et al of pediatric patients with parotid neoplasms indicated that on MRI scans, the presence not only of poorly defined borders but also of a hypointense T2 signal, restricted diffusion, and focal necrosis are suggestive of malignancy, although not specific for it. (medscape.com)
  • For most small parotid neoplasms without clinical evidence of facial nerve involvement, no pretreatment imaging studies are required. (medscape.com)
  • F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning can be used to plan treatment of salivary gland malignancies by detecting lymph node metastases that require a neck dissection or by finding distant metastases that may not have caused abnormalities in routine blood work. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms . (lookformedical.com)
  • Neoplasms that arise in the salivary glands are relatively rare, yet they represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant histologic subtypes as seen in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • The salivary glands are divided into 2 groups: the major salivary glands and the minor salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • The major salivary glands consist of the following 3 pairs of glands: the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] The minor salivary glands comprise 600-1000 small glands distributed throughout the upper aerodigestive tract. (medscape.com)
  • Among salivary gland neoplasms, 80% arise in the parotid glands, 10-15% arise in the submandibular glands, and the remainder arise in the sublingual and minor salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • Those located in the minor salivary glands had a lower recurrence risk than did pleomorphic adenomas in the parotid glands. (medscape.com)
  • We hypothesized that epigenetic alterations would precede the increased risk of breast neoplasia after in utero exposure to endocrine disruptors. (nih.gov)
  • Nonfunctioning neuroendocrine neoplasms can still cause symptoms relating to tumor size and location such as obstruction or internal bleeding. (rarediseases.org)
  • That is, as the size of the gland decreases, the incidence of malignancy of a tumor in the gland increases in approximately these proportions. (medscape.com)
  • In the multicellular theory, each tumor type is associated with a specific differentiated cell of origin within the salivary gland unit. (medscape.com)
  • Minor salivary gland neoplasms are often difficult to assess on examination, and the use of preoperative CT scanning or MRI is important for determining the extent of tumor, which is otherwise not clinically appreciable. (medscape.com)
  • Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. (lookformedical.com)
  • Endocrine tissue is specialized tissue that contains hormone-secreting cells (e.g. α-cells, ß-cells). (rarediseases.org)
  • Neoplasms that arise from endocrine tissue may also secrete hormones, resulting in excessive levels of these hormones in the body and potentially a wide variety of symptoms. (rarediseases.org)
  • Although thyroid cancer is a comparatively rare malignancy, it represents the vast majority of endocrine cancers and its incidence is increasing. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Pathological processes of the PARATHYROID GLANDS . (nih.gov)
  • The ICD-10 code range for Neoplasms of uncertain behavior, polycythemia vera and myelodysplastic syndromes D37-D48 is medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). (aapc.com)
  • The rarity or the asymptomatic character of endocrine tumours results in a lack of epidemiological studies on their incidence and survival patterns. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, prevalence and survival of endocrine tumours using a large database, which includes cancer patients diagnosed from 1978 to 2002, registered in 89 population-based cancer registries (CRs) with follow-up until 31st December 2003. (ox.ac.uk)
  • BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used diagnostic tool to evaluate salivary gland tumours. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to assess the concordance of FNAC and final histology of salivary gland tumours in three academic hospitals affiliated with the University of Pretoria, South Africa. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional retrospective analytical study of 214 patients who underwent an operation for salivary gland tumours. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: There is strong concordance between FNAC and histology of salivary gland tumours. (bvsalud.org)
  • Contrasting information was derived through a literature review by Louredo et al, which indicated that in pediatric patients, most salivary gland neoplasms (75.4%) are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • A study from the Netherlands, by Valstar et al, found an overall 20-year recurrence rate for salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas of 6.7%, with the first recurrence arising at a median of 7 years. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of salivary gland neoplasms is not fully understood. (medscape.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that the bicellular stem cell theory is the more probable etiology of salivary gland neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore physicians who care for patients with endocrine cancers must combat both the physiologic manifestations and the neoplasia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Traditional chemotherapy is of limited use for endocrine cancers, but newer, targeted therapies show more promise. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Amongst them, pediatric cancers and rare hematologic neoplasms are often covered by dedicated educational events, while rare adult solid cancers are hardly grouped together and approached as a collective group of neoplasms. (eso.net)
  • Introduction: Thyroid gland cancers are among the common cancers of endocrine glands in which the role of angiogenesis has not been clearly identified and more research seems necessary. (ac.ir)
  • Known As Pituitary adenoma is also known as adenoma of pituitary, adenoma pituitary, benign neoplasm of D35.02 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. (stradanove.net)
  • 011 is a billable code used to specify a medical diagnosis of personal history of benign neoplasm of the brain. (stradanove.net)
  • D35.2 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of benign neoplasm of pituitary gland. (stradanove.net)
  • Benign neoplasm of pituitary gland. (stradanove.net)
  • Flomax (tamsulosin hydrochloride) is an alpha-blocker used to treat the symptoms of a prostate gland condition called BPH ( benign prostatic hyperplasia ). (rxlist.com)
  • Thyroid nodules or neoplasms that are benign should be watched closely and tracked by your doctor. (southnassau.org)
  • C C6432 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome(s) MEN Syndromes An autosomal dominant inherited neoplastic syndrome characterized by the development of various endocrine neoplasms and abnormalities in various anatomic sites. (nih.gov)
  • A genetically heterogenous group of autosomal dominant neoplastic syndromes characterized by the development of neoplasms in various endocrine organs. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic syndromes that increase the risk of thyroid cancer include familial medullary thyroid cancer and multiple endocrine neoplasia. (southnassau.org)
  • Tumours of the pituitary gland. (nih.gov)
  • The development of some endocrine tumours, such as medullary thyroid carcinomas, phaeochromocytomas, anterior pituitary adenomas, and parathyroid adenomas involve a putative tumour suppressor gene located on chromosome 1p32-pter, a region that represents 111 cM. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In order to refine the location of this gene, 93 endocrine tumours (39 parathyroid adenomas, 40 anterior pituitary adenomas, seven pancreatic islet cell adenomas, and seven carcinoids) were investigated for loss of tumour heterozygosity (LOH) using the seven polymorphic loci 1pter-D1S228-D1S507-D1S234-D1S476-D1S22 0-D1S207-D1S206-1cen. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, our results have mapped this tumour suppressor gene implicated in endocrine tumours to a 4 cM region flanked by D1S228 and D1S507 on chromosome 1p35-p36. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Introduction: The autosomal dominant multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia (PH), neuroendocrine digestive tumours (NET) and pituitary adenomas (PA), is due to mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1 encoding a 610-amino acid protein, menin. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • This article reviews published evidence on the diagnosis and classification of pituitary gland tumours and the relevance of histological and genetic features to prognosis. (bmj.com)
  • Nervous System Neoplasms" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • Included in this category are primary and metastatic nervous system neoplasms. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Nervous System Neoplasms" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • Background Both the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) and the International Union for Cancer Control/American Joint Cancer Committee/World Health Organization (UICC/AJCC/WHO) have proposed TNM staging systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Thyroid cancer occurs in the cells of the thyroid - a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck, just below your Adam's apple. (southnassau.org)
  • All thyroid nodules or neoplasms that are cancerous, or that are highly suspicious of being cancer, should be removed surgically by an experienced thyroid surgeon. (southnassau.org)
  • Cancer of the thyroid is the most common endocrine malignancy. (ultrasoundchikitsa.com)
  • 187 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of penis and other male genital organs. (cdc.gov)
  • 188 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder. (cdc.gov)
  • 189 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of kidney and other unspecified urinary organs. (cdc.gov)
  • 190 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of eye. (cdc.gov)
  • 191 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of brain. (cdc.gov)
  • 192 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • 193 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland. (cdc.gov)
  • 194 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of other endocrine glands and related structures. (cdc.gov)
  • 195 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites. (cdc.gov)
  • 196 ...................................... Secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of the lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
  • 197 ...................................... Secondary malignant neoplasm of the respiratory and digestive organs. (cdc.gov)
  • 198 ...................................... Secondary malignant neoplasm of other tissue and organs. (cdc.gov)
  • 199 ...................................... Malignant neoplasm without specification of site. (cdc.gov)
  • Malignant neoplasm of other endocrine glands and related structures (C75) Malignant neoplasm of pituitary gland (C75.1) C75.0. (stradanove.net)
  • Parathyroid Neoplasms" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (sdsu.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Parathyroid Neoplasms" by people in this website by year, and whether "Parathyroid Neoplasms" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (sdsu.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Parathyroid Neoplasms" by people in Profiles. (sdsu.edu)
  • This study aims to identify the most accurate and useful TNM system for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Because of their overall indolent but malignant course, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms have not been well studied, and standard staging tools have been lacking. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, the UICC/AJCC/WHO 2010 TNM is the same as for the ductal adenocarcinoma and is not meant for high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • This article provides a guide to the performance and interpretation of 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and describes its role in the diagnostic algorithm of neuroendocrine neoplasms and its overall utility in their management. (snmjournals.org)
  • Neuroendocrine neoplasms exhibit variable symptomatology, such as tumor mass effects or the biologic consequences of the bioactive amine secretion, frequently delaying diagnosis. (snmjournals.org)
  • Somatostatin receptor (SSR) imaging offers an opportunity to identify receptor-expressing neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) ( 2 , 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • AKR1C3 (type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/prostaglandin F synthase): Roles in malignancy and endocrine disorders. (nih.gov)
  • 5, 12 The aim of this article is to provide a brief review of the clinical features of lesions that are encountered from within and around the pituitary gland, to assess current diagnostic pathological techniques, and to explore the expanding evidence base for the classification of pituitary adenomas and the clinical relevance of these approaches. (bmj.com)
  • The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. (curehunter.com)
  • Pagani E , Tursi M , Lorenzi C , Ultrasonographic features of adrenal gland lesions in dogs can aid in diagnosis . (avma.org)
  • 2, 9- 11 Consequently, pathologists now encounter an increasing number of lesions for diagnosis both within and around the pituitary gland, which comprise an ever widening spectrum of pathological processes. (bmj.com)
  • The pituitary gland can be affected by a wide range of lesions, which may arise either within the gland itself or its surrounding structures (table 1). (bmj.com)
  • 2, 5, 7, 12 These lesions all tend to present with clinical symptoms and signs that relate either to endocrine dysfunction of the pituitary gland, the local effects of an expanding mass in the region of the pituitary gland on adjacent structures (particularly the optic nerves and chiasm), or the non-specific effects of an expanding intracranial mass associated with raised intracranial pressure. (bmj.com)
  • The thyroid gland with low uptake lesions: evaluation with ultrasound. (ultrasoundchikitsa.com)
  • Patients with MEN 2A develop medullary thyroid carcinomas and may also develop pheochromocytomas and parathyroid gland hyperplasia. (nih.gov)
  • 202 ...................................... Other malignant neoplasms of lymphoid and histiocytic tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • BQ) Part 1 book Preoperative assessment and management presentation of content: Risk reduction and risk assessment, overview of preoperative evaluation and testing, ischemic heart disease, endocrine and metabolic disorders, hematologic issues, renal disease, hepatobiliary disease, neurologic disease. (123docz.net)
  • Located above the kidneys, the adrenal glands produce hormones that regulate different body functions. (margaretweigel.com)
  • If there's a mass or nodule in the adrenal gland, it could create too many hormones and cause problems. (margaretweigel.com)
  • 1- 3 However, the pituitary gland can be involved by a wide range of other pathological processes arising both within the gland itself and in the surrounding structures: the skull in the region of the sella turcica, dura mater, blood vessels, cranial nerves, and brain. (bmj.com)
  • Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS . (nih.gov)
  • ICD-10 from 2011 - 2016 E23.6 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of other disorders of pituitary gland. (stradanove.net)
  • The only effective medication for functional pancreatic endocrine neoplasms in general is a long-acting somatostatin analog (eg, octreotide). (medscape.com)
  • Somatostatin analog treatment can improve symptoms and quality of life in all the functional pancreatic endocrine neoplasms except somatostatinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Thyroid follicular neoplasms diagnosed by high-resolution ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration cytology. (ultrasoundchikitsa.com)
  • Time is evenly split among the Surgical Oncology, Endocrine Surgery, and Thoracic Surgery services. (nih.gov)
  • 203 ...................................... Multiple myeloma and other immunoproliferative neoplasms. (cdc.gov)
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • Linkage of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B gene (MEN2B) to chromosome 10 markers linked to MEN2A. (uchicago.edu)
  • In this video, Masha Livhits, MD, an endocrine surgeon at the UCLA Endocrine Center, discusses the signs and symptoms of adrenal problems. (margaretweigel.com)
  • An endocrine gland neoplasm is a neoplasm affecting one or more glands of the endocrine system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoimmune thyroiditis (long-term inflammatory disease) or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (lymphadenoid goiter) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland in which autoimmune factors play a prominent role. (family-health-information.com)
  • The note was changed from "Classify works on specific topics by subject, e.g., on experimental work on the etiology of neoplasms in QZ 202" to "Classify here all works on experimental neoplasms regardless of type or site. (nih.gov)