Ductless glands that secrete HORMONES directly into the BLOOD CIRCULATION. These hormones influence the METABOLISM and other functions of cells in the body.
Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
A vascular endothelial growth factor whose expression is found largely restricted to the GONADS; ADRENAL CORTEX; and PLACENTA. It has similar biological activity to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR-A.
A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.
A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.
The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, included are the CHROMAFFIN SYSTEM and the NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS.
Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.
Exogenous agents, synthetic and naturally occurring, which are capable of disrupting the functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM including the maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS and the regulation of developmental processes. Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can mimic HORMONES, or enhance or block the binding of hormones to their receptors, or otherwise lead to activating or inhibiting the endocrine signaling pathways and hormone metabolism.
Glands of external secretion that release its secretions to the body's cavities, organs, or surface, through a duct.
MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.
One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Materials, frequently computer applications, that combine some or all of text, sound, graphics, animation, and video into integrated packages. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)
Individuals who have the formal authority to manage a hospital, including its programs and services, in accordance with the goals and objectives established by a governing body (GOVERNING BOARD).
Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.
Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Using fine needles (finer than 22-gauge) to remove tissue or fluid specimens from the living body for examination in the pathology laboratory and for disease diagnosis.

The latrophilin family: multiply spliced G protein-coupled receptors with differential tissue distribution. (1/484)

Latrophilin is a brain-specific Ca2+-independent receptor of alpha-latrotoxin, a potent presynaptic neurotoxin. We now report the finding of two novel latrophilin homologues. All three latrophilins are unusual G protein-coupled receptors. They exhibit strong similarities within their lectin, olfactomedin and transmembrane domains but possess variable C-termini. Latrophilins have up to seven sites of alternative splicing; some splice variants contain an altered third cytoplasmic loop or a truncated cytoplasmic tail. Only latrophilin-1 binds alpha-latrotoxin; it is abundant in brain and is present in endocrine cells. Latrophilin-3 is also brain-specific, whereas latrophilin-2 is ubiquitous. Together, latrophilins form a novel family of heterogeneous G protein-coupled receptors with distinct tissue distribution and functions.  (+info)

Evidence that neuroepithelial endocrine cells control the spontaneous tone in guinea pig tracheal preparations. (2/484)

The hypothesis that neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) cells control spontaneous tone in isolated guinea pig tracheal preparations was examined. Epithelium-denuded preparations were unable to develop a normal oscillating tone in 12% oxygen (corresponding to systemic arterial oxygen levels) and, instead, developed a strong, smooth tone, similar to the "classic" tone in 94% oxygen. Inhibition of the hydrogen peroxide-producing NADPH oxidase in the NEE cells by 20 microM diphenyleneiodonium chloride transformed, in intact preparations in 94% oxygen, the tone from a strong, smooth type to an oscillating tone of considerably less force. Similar experiments in denuded preparations showed no change of tone and no oscillations. After pretreatment with the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2, 4-triazole (1 mM), addition of 2 mM hydrogen peroxide to intact preparations displaying the oscillating tone caused a transformation to a strong, smooth type. These findings support the hypothesis that the spontaneous tone in this preparation is largely controlled by the oxygen-sensing NEE cells. For the first time, previous findings on isolated cells can be linked to effects in intact tissue preparations. The results also suggest that the regulation by the NEE cells involves the release of powerful relaxing and contracting factors from the epithelium.  (+info)

Cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal effects of urodilatin in normal humans. (3/484)

Effects of urodilatin (5, 10, 20, and 40 ng. kg-1. min-1) infused over 2 h on separate study days were studied in eight normal subjects with use of a randomized, double-blind protocol. All doses decreased renal plasma flow (hippurate clearance, 13-37%) and increased fractional Li+ clearance (7-22%) and urinary Na+ excretion (by 30, 76, 136, and 99% at 5, 10, 20, and 40 ng. kg-1. min-1, respectively). Glomerular filtration rate did not increase significantly with any dose. The two lowest doses decreased cardiac output (7 and 16%) and stroke volume (10 and 20%) without changing mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. The two highest doses elicited larger decreases in stroke volume (17 and 21%) but also decreased blood pressure (6 and 14%) and increased heart rate (15 and 38%), such that cardiac output remained unchanged. Hematocrit and plasma protein concentration increased with the three highest doses. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was inhibited by the three lowest doses but activated by the hypotensive dose of 40 ng. kg-1. min-1. Plasma vasopressin increased by factors of up to 5 during infusion of the three highest doses. Atrial natriuretic peptide immunoreactivity (including urodilatin) and plasma cGMP increased dose dependently. The urinary excretion rate of albumin was elevated up to 15-fold (37 +/- 17 micrograms/min). Use of a newly developed assay revealed that baseline urinary urodilatin excretion rate was low (<10 pg/min) and that fractional excretion of urodilatin remained below 0.1%. The results indicate that even moderately natriuretic doses of urodilatin exert protracted effects on systemic hemodynamic, endocrine, and renal functions, including decreases in cardiac output and renal blood flow, without changes in arterial pressure or glomerular filtration rate, and that filtered urodilatin is almost completely removed by the renal tubules.  (+info)

Hormonal changes in thalassaemia major. (4/484)

Patients with severe thalassaemia major suffer endocrine and other abnormalities before their eventual death from iron overload due to repeated blood transfusions. The endocrine status of 31 thalassaemic patients aged 2-5 to 23 years was investigated. Exact data were available on the rate and duration of blood transfusion in all of them and in many the liver iron concentration was also known. Although the patients were euthyroid, the mean serum thyroxine level was significantly lower, and the mean thyrotrophic hormone level significantly higher, compared with the values found in normal children. Forty oral glucose tolerance tests with simultaneous insulin levels were performed in 19 children, of whom 5 developed symptomatic diabetes and one had impaired tolerance. Previous tests on all 6 patients were available and some showed raised insulin levels possibly due to insulin resistance. 2 patients had clinical hypoparathyroidism and are described. The parathyroid hormone levels determined by radioimmunoassay in 25 patients were below the mean for the age group in all and outside the reference range in 16. Nonfasting plasma calcium levels were not reduced. Puberty was delayed in some patients. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) measured in urine from 7 girls and 5 boys showed considerable variation. In the boys there was an overall tendency for FSH and LH excretion to be low with regard to age, but with respect to puberty rating FSH exretions were normal or low and LH normal or raised. The girls showed a tendency for LH but not FSH excretion to be raised in relation to puberty rating. The severity of the endocrine changes was related to the degree of iron loading and is discussed in relation to previous work in which the iron loading has rarely been accurately indicated nor parathyroid status assessed.  (+info)

A toxin to nervous, cardiac, and endocrine ERG K+ channels isolated from Centruroides noxius scorpion venom. (5/484)

Toxins isolated from a variety of venoms are tools for probing the physiological function and structure of ion channels. The ether-a-go-go-related genes (erg) codify for the K+ channels (ERG), which are crucial in neurons and are impaired in human long-QT syndrome and Drosophila 'seizure' mutants. We have isolated a peptide from the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann that has no sequence homologies with other toxins, and demonstrate that it specifically inhibits (IC50=16+/-1 nM) only ERG channels of different species and distinct histogenesis. These results open up the possibility of investigating ERG channel structure-function relationships and novel pharmacological tools with potential therapeutic efficacy.  (+info)

Breast growth and the urinary excretion of lactose during human pregnancy and early lactation: endocrine relationships. (6/484)

Breast volume and morphology of eight subjects were measured before conception and at intervals throughout pregnancy until 1 month of lactation. Breast volume before conception ranged from 293 to 964 ml. At the end of pregnancy the volume of breast tissue had increased by 145+/-19 ml (mean+/-S.E.M., n = 13 breasts, range 12-227 ml) with a further increase to 211+/-16 ml (n = 12 breasts, range 129-320 ml) by 1 month of lactation. Urinary excretion of lactose increased at 22 weeks of pregnancy, signalling the capacity of the breast to synthesize lactose at this time. During pregnancy, both the change in breast volume and the change in cross-sectional area of the areola were related to the concentration of human placental lactogen in the plasma. The growth of the nipple and the rate of excretion of lactose were related to the concentration of prolactin in the plasma. During the first 3 days after birth, the rate of excretion of lactose was related to the rate of excretion of progesterone. There was no relationship between the growth of the breast during pregnancy and the amount of milk produced at 1 month of lactation.  (+info)

Environmental occurrence, analysis, and toxicology of toxaphene compounds. (7/484)

Toxaphene production, in quantities similar to those of polychlorinated biphenyls, has resulted in high toxaphene levels in fish from the Great Lakes and in Arctic marine mammals (up to 10 and 16 microg g-1 lipid). Because of the large variabiliity in total toxaphene data, few reliable conclusions can be drawn about trends or geographic differences in toxaphene concentrations. New developments in mass spectrometric detection using either negative chemical ionization or electron impact modes as well as in multidimensional gas chromatography recently have led researchers to suggest congener-specific approaches. Recently, several nomenclature systems have been developed for toxaphene compounds. Although all systems have specific advantages and limitations, it is suggested that an international body such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry make an attempt to obtain uniformity in the literature. Toxicologic information on individual chlorobornanes is scarce, but some reports have recently appeared. Neurotoxic effects of toxaphene exposure such as those on behavior and learning have been reported. Technical toxaphene and some individual congeners were found to be weakly estrogenic in in vitro test systems; no evidence for endocrine effects in vivo has been reported. In vitro studies show technical toxaphene and toxaphene congeners to be mutagenic. However, in vivo studies have not shown genotoxicity; therefore, a nongenotoxic mechanism is proposed. Nevertheless, toxaphene is believed to present a potential carcinogenic risk to humans. Until now, only Germany has established a legal tolerance level for toxaphene--0.1 mg kg-1 wet weight for fish.  (+info)

A female case of Kallmann's syndrome. (8/484)

A case of 20-year-old woman with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia is reported, since very few female cases of Kallmann's syndrome have been reported so far in Japan. Three uncles on the father's side had no children. Height was 168 cm, and arm span 165 cm. The olfactory test revealed complete anosmia. Bone age was 13 year. Chromosome was 46 XX and normal karyotype. Basal levels of serum FSH, LH and estrogens (E1, E2 and E3) were low. Serum FSH and LH levels rose slightly only after LH-RH administration, and did not increase in clomiphene test. Plasma estrogens did not increase after daily injection of 150 IU of HMG for 3 successive days. The response of serum GH to arginine infusion was normal, while that to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was poor.  (+info)

Endocrine glands are ductless glands in the human body that release hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then carry the hormones to various tissues and organs in the body. These glands play a crucial role in regulating many of the body's functions, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

Examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pineal gland, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Each of these glands produces specific hormones that have unique effects on various target tissues in the body.

The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to regulate many bodily functions through a complex network of feedback mechanisms. Disorders of the endocrine system can result in a wide range of symptoms and health problems, including diabetes, thyroid disease, growth disorders, and sexual dysfunction.

Endocrine gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths (tumors) that develop in the endocrine glands. These glands are responsible for producing hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various functions and processes in the body. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms tend to grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade nearby tissues and organs and may also metastasize (spread) to distant sites.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can occur in any of the endocrine glands, including:

1. Pituitary gland: located at the base of the brain, it produces several hormones that regulate growth and development, as well as other bodily functions.
2. Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and calcium balance.
3. Parathyroid glands: located near the thyroid gland, they produce parathyroid hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
4. Adrenal glands: located on top of each kidney, they produce hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.
5. Pancreas: located behind the stomach, it produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, and digestive enzymes that help break down food.
6. Pineal gland: located in the brain, it produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
7. Gonads (ovaries and testicles): located in the pelvis (ovaries) and scrotum (testicles), they produce sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone that regulate reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on the type and location of the tumor. For example, a pituitary gland neoplasm may cause headaches, vision problems, or hormonal imbalances, while an adrenal gland neoplasm may cause high blood pressure, weight gain, or mood changes.

Diagnosis of endocrine gland neoplasms typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and laboratory tests to measure hormone levels. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy, depending on the type and stage of the tumor.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a type of protein that plays a crucial role in the formation of new blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. There are several different types of VEGF, and one of them is referred to as "endocrine-gland-derived VEGF" or "VEGF-E."

VEGF-E is specifically produced by certain endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland, and it promotes the growth and proliferation of blood vessels. It does this by binding to and activating VEGF receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, which are the cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels.

VEGF-E has been studied as a potential therapeutic target for various medical conditions, including cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. However, more research is needed to fully understand its role in these diseases and to determine the safety and efficacy of VEGF-E-targeted therapies.

The adrenal glands are a pair of endocrine glands that are located on top of the kidneys. Each gland has two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens, which regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and other vital functions. The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help the body respond to stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.

The thyroid gland is a major endocrine gland located in the neck, anterior to the trachea and extends from the lower third of the Adams apple to the suprasternal notch. It has two lateral lobes, connected by an isthmus, and sometimes a pyramidal lobe. This gland plays a crucial role in the metabolism, growth, and development of the human body through the production of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine/T3 and thyroxine/T4) and calcitonin. The thyroid hormones regulate body temperature, heart rate, and the production of protein, while calcitonin helps in controlling calcium levels in the blood. The function of the thyroid gland is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland through the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones. It plays a crucial role in regulating various functions and processes in the body, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

The major endocrine glands include:

1. Pituitary gland: located at the base of the brain, it is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls other glands' functions. It produces and releases several hormones that regulate growth, development, and reproduction.
2. Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
3. Parathyroid glands: located near the thyroid gland, they produce parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels in the blood.
4. Adrenal glands: located on top of the kidneys, they produce hormones that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.
5. Pancreas: located in the abdomen, it produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels.
6. Sex glands (ovaries and testes): they produce sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone that regulate sexual development and reproduction.
7. Pineal gland: located in the brain, it produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.

The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis or balance in the body's internal environment. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target cells or organs, where they bind to specific receptors and elicit a response. Disorders of the endocrine system can result from overproduction or underproduction of hormones, leading to various health problems such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, growth disorders, and sexual dysfunction.

Salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity to keep the mouth and throat moist, aid in digestion by initiating food breakdown, and help maintain dental health. There are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands located in the cheeks, the submandibular glands found beneath the jaw, and the sublingual glands situated under the tongue. Additionally, there are numerous minor salivary glands distributed throughout the oral cavity lining. These glands release their secretions through a system of ducts into the mouth.

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones. It plays a crucial role in regulating various functions in the body, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

Endocrine system diseases or disorders occur when there is a problem with the production or regulation of hormones. This can result from:

1. Overproduction or underproduction of hormones by the endocrine glands.
2. Impaired response of target cells to hormones.
3. Disruption in the feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone production.

Examples of endocrine system diseases include:

1. Diabetes Mellitus - a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
2. Hypothyroidism - underactive thyroid gland leading to slow metabolism, weight gain, fatigue, and depression.
3. Hyperthyroidism - overactive thyroid gland causing rapid heartbeat, anxiety, weight loss, and heat intolerance.
4. Cushing's Syndrome - excess cortisol production resulting in obesity, high blood pressure, and weak muscles.
5. Addison's Disease - insufficient adrenal hormone production leading to weakness, fatigue, and low blood pressure.
6. Acromegaly - overproduction of growth hormone after puberty causing enlargement of bones, organs, and soft tissues.
7. Gigantism - similar to acromegaly but occurs before puberty resulting in excessive height and body size.
8. Hypopituitarism - underactive pituitary gland leading to deficiencies in various hormones.
9. Hyperparathyroidism - overactivity of the parathyroid glands causing calcium imbalances and kidney stones.
10. Precocious Puberty - early onset of puberty due to premature activation of the pituitary gland.

Treatment for endocrine system diseases varies depending on the specific disorder and may involve medication, surgery, lifestyle changes, or a combination of these approaches.

Endocrine disruptors are defined as exogenous (external) substances or mixtures that interfere with the way hormones work in the body, leading to negative health effects. They can mimic, block, or alter the normal synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis, reproduction, development, and/or behavior.

Endocrine disruptors can be found in various sources, including industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. They have been linked to a range of health problems, such as cancer, reproductive issues, developmental disorders, neurological impairments, and immune system dysfunction.

Examples of endocrine disruptors include bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and certain pesticides like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and vinclozolin.

It is important to note that endocrine disruptors can have effects at very low doses, and their impact may depend on the timing of exposure, particularly during critical windows of development such as fetal growth and early childhood.

Exocrine glands are a type of gland in the human body that produce and release substances through ducts onto an external or internal surface. These glands are responsible for secreting various substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricants that help in digestion, protection, and other bodily functions.

Exocrine glands can be further classified into three types based on their mode of secretion:

1. Merocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by exocytosis, where the secretory product is enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell. Examples include sweat glands and mucous glands.
2. Apocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by pinching off a portion of the cytoplasm along with the secretory product. An example is the apocrine sweat gland found in the armpits and genital area.
3. Holocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by disintegrating and releasing the entire cell, including its organelles and secretory products. An example is the sebaceous gland found in the skin, which releases an oily substance called sebum.

Mammary glands are specialized exocrine glands found in mammals, including humans and other animals. These glands are responsible for producing milk, which is used to nurse offspring after birth. The mammary glands are located in the breast region of female mammals and are usually rudimentary or absent in males.

In animals, mammary glands can vary in number and location depending on the species. For example, humans and other primates have two mammary glands, one in each breast. Cows, goats, and sheep, on the other hand, have multiple pairs of mammary glands located in their lower abdominal region.

Mammary glands are made up of several structures, including lobules, ducts, and connective tissue. The lobules contain clusters of milk-secreting cells called alveoli, which produce and store milk. The ducts transport the milk from the lobules to the nipple, where it is released during lactation.

Mammary glands are an essential feature of mammals, as they provide a source of nutrition for newborn offspring. They also play a role in the development and maintenance of the mother-infant bond, as nursing provides opportunities for physical contact and bonding between the mother and her young.

The submandibular glands are one of the major salivary glands in the human body. They are located beneath the mandible (jawbone) and produce saliva that helps in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the oral cavity. The saliva produced by the submandibular glands contains enzymes like amylase and mucin, which aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and provide moisture to the mouth and throat. Any medical condition or disease that affects the submandibular gland may impact its function and could lead to problems such as dry mouth (xerostomia), swelling, pain, or infection.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "multimedia" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Multimedia generally refers to the use of multiple forms of media, such as text, audio, video, graphics, and animation, in a single interactive presentation or platform. It is often used in various fields including education, entertainment, marketing, and some areas of healthcare for purposes like training, patient education, and therapy. However, it does not have a specific medical meaning itself.

A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in a hospital is a top-level executive who is responsible for the overall management and operation of the hospital. The CEO reports to the hospital's board of directors and is accountable for ensuring that the hospital meets its financial, operational, and quality goals.

The CEO's responsibilities typically include developing and implementing strategic plans, overseeing hospital operations, managing budgets and finances, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements, and building relationships with key stakeholders such as medical staff, employees, patients, and community members. The CEO may also be involved in fundraising efforts and advocating for the hospital's interests with policymakers and other external groups.

In larger healthcare systems, the CEO may oversee multiple hospitals or facilities and work closely with other executives to coordinate operations and ensure alignment with the organization's mission and values.

In the context of medicine, "needles" are thin, sharp, and typically hollow instruments used in various medical procedures to introduce or remove fluids from the body, administer medications, or perform diagnostic tests. They consist of a small-gauge metal tube with a sharp point on one end and a hub on the other, where a syringe is attached.

There are different types of needles, including:

1. Hypodermic needles: These are used for injections, such as intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), or intravenous (IV) injections, to deliver medications directly into the body. They come in various sizes and lengths depending on the type of injection and the patient's age and weight.
2. Blood collection needles: These are used for drawing blood samples for diagnostic tests. They have a special vacuum-assisted design that allows them to easily penetrate veins and collect the required amount of blood.
3. Surgical needles: These are used in surgeries for suturing (stitching) wounds or tissues together. They are typically curved and made from stainless steel, with a triangular or reverse cutting point to facilitate easy penetration through tissues.
4. Acupuncture needles: These are thin, solid needles used in traditional Chinese medicine for acupuncture therapy. They are inserted into specific points on the body to stimulate energy flow and promote healing.

It is essential to follow proper infection control procedures when handling and disposing of needles to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens and infectious diseases.

A needle biopsy is a medical procedure in which a thin, hollow needle is used to remove a small sample of tissue from a suspicious or abnormal area of the body. The tissue sample is then examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells or other abnormalities. Needle biopsies are often used to diagnose lumps or masses that can be felt through the skin, but they can also be guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to reach areas that cannot be felt. There are several types of needle biopsy procedures, including fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy. FNA uses a thin needle and gentle suction to remove fluid and cells from the area, while core needle biopsy uses a larger needle to remove a small piece of tissue. The type of needle biopsy used depends on the location and size of the abnormal area, as well as the reason for the procedure.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

A fine-needle biopsy (FNB) is a medical procedure in which a thin, hollow needle is used to obtain a sample of cells or tissue from a suspicious or abnormal area in the body, such as a lump or mass. The needle is typically smaller than that used in a core needle biopsy, and it is guided into place using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.

The sample obtained during an FNB can be used to diagnose various medical conditions, including cancer, infection, or inflammation. The procedure is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with minimal risks of complications such as bleeding, infection, or discomfort. However, the accuracy of the diagnosis depends on the skill and experience of the healthcare provider performing the biopsy, as well as the adequacy of the sample obtained.

Overall, FNB is a valuable diagnostic tool that can help healthcare providers make informed decisions about treatment options and improve patient outcomes.

The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, ... Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood. ... Secondary endocrine disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary gland. Tertiary endocrine disease is associated with ... is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets that ...
An endocrine gland neoplasm is a neoplasm affecting one or more glands of the endocrine system.[citation needed]Examples ... Conditions such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. ... Pinealoma is often grouped with brain tumors because of its location.[citation needed] Multiple endocrine neoplasia "Thyroid ... Endocrine neoplasia, All stub articles, Neoplasm stubs). ...
The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. ... The pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it functions both as an endocrine and as an exocrine gland. In 1998, skeletal muscle was ... "Endocrine glands". opentextbc. Retrieved 16 September 2019. Nosek, Thomas M. "Section 5/5ch4/s5ch4_17". Essentials of Human ... 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions. ISBN 978-1-947172-04-3. Frühbeck G (July 2004). "The adipose tissue as a ...
"Endocrine glands". In Reese WO (ed.). Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals (12th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Comstock. pp. 621-69. ISBN ... These hormones are secreted from pancreatic islets (bundles of endocrine tissues), of which there are four types: alpha (A) ...
Endocrine Glands". Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research. Academic Press. pp. 185- ... It supplies the posterior pituitary of the pituitary gland. The inferior hypophysial artery is a branch of the cavernous ... The inferior hypophysial artery supplies the pituitary gland, specifically the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). It is ...
Diverticulum "Endocrine Glands". Archived from the original on March 14, 2008. "The thyroid gland". Archived from the original ...
Sherwood L (2010). "19 The Peripheral Endocrine Glands". Human Physiology. Brooks/Cole. p. 694. ISBN 978-0-495-39184-5. Kendall ... Once produced by the thyroid gland, T4 is exported into the blood stream. T4 is a prohormone; that is, T4 is a precursor to the ... Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroxine (T4), which is secreted by the thyroid gland. Levothyroxine and thyroxine-T4 are ... The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), the Endocrine Society, and the American Thyroid Association did ...
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology 666-701.........................................Diseases of the ... Endocrine gynecology 211-483...................................Abnormalities and diseases of the female genital organs 484-485 ... Diseases of the glands, hair, nails 201-331...................................Hyperemias, inflammations, and infections of the ...
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including ... A number of endocrine diseases involve dysfunctions of the adrenal gland. Overproduction of cortisol leads to Cushing's ... 2013). Endocrine Gland Development and Disease. Burlington: Elsevier Science. p. 241. ISBN 9780123914545. Antonio Carlos A. ... The glands are yellowish in colour. The adrenal glands are surrounded by a fatty capsule and lie within the renal fascia, which ...
"Endocrine Glands and Types of Hormones". Hormone Health Network. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 11 May ...
McCune-Albright syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by endocrine neoplastic features involving endocrine glands that ... Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b "multiple ... Wermer P (1954). "Genetic aspects of adenomatosis of endocrine glands". Am. J. Med. 16 (3): 363-71. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(54) ... Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare hereditary endocrine cancer syndrome characterized primarily by tumors of ...
Cohen MM, Jr (January 2010). "Hedgehog signaling: endocrine gland development and function". American Journal of Medical ... Absent adrenal gland is a rare condition where the adrenal gland is absent at birth. It should not be confused with adrenal ... Congenital disorders of endocrine system, Adrenal gland disorders, Rare diseases). ... SF-1 plays a role in the development of adrenal gland. Single gene polymorphism involving SF-1 gene may have a role in adrenal ...
Endocrine glands: Hypothalamic pituitary axis commonly involved. Diabetes insipidus is most common. Anterior pituitary hormone ... Endocrine deficiency often require lifelong supplement e.g. desmopressin for diabetes insipidus which can be applied as nasal ... Assessment of endocrine function and bonemarrow biopsy are also performed when indicated.[citation needed] S-100 protein is ...
"The Endocrine System (Major Endocrine Glands)" (PDF). p. 1. Retrieved 21 April 2015. "Four layers of the Gastointestinal Tract ... 1 inch The major glands of the endocrine system, excluding ovaries and testes: "T-A-P." (T2, A3, P4) Thymus Thyroid Anterior ... glands Aorta Duodenum (distal 1st part - 4th part)* Pancreas* Ureter Colon (ascending and descending)* Kidney Esophagus Rectum ... glands Intraperitoneal Organs DJ CLASS PIG Duodenum (proximal 1st part) Jejunum Colon (cecum, transverse, sigmoid) Liver ...
99% of the pancreas is exocrine and 1% is endocrine. As an endocrine gland, it functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels ... "Pancreas Gland - Endocrine System". Innerbody. Retrieved 2021-06-12. Beger's 2018, pp. 124. "Endocrine Pancreas - an overview ... In a few teleost species, the endocrine tissue has fused to form a distinct gland within the abdominal cavity, but otherwise it ... The pancreas is a mixed or heterocrine gland, i.e., it has both an endocrine and a digestive exocrine function. ...
... , Endocrine glands and their functional value; exploration and diagnostic methods, G. Doin, 1923 Jacques Parisot ... In 1906, he was appointed head of the clinic; in 1907, he defended his thesis, Blood pressure and glands with internal ...
Kilby, E. (1997). "Glands at a Glance - The horses' endocrine system". EQUUS Magazine, Cruz Bay Publishing. Archived from the ... The initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone ACTH. The adrenal gland is ...
Studies on Conditions of Activity in Endocrine Glands. Studies on Conditions of Activity in Endocrine Glands. Massachusetts ... Hunt, H. B., & Bright, E. M. (1926). Studies on Conditions of Activity in Endocrine Glands. American Journal of Physiology. ... McIver, Monroe A., & Bright, E. M. (1924). Studies on Conditions of Activity in Endocrine Glands. American Journal of ...
His special field of interest was the endocrine glands. His name is associated with "Simmonds' disease", defined as a form of ...
These glands are part of the endocrine system: 1. Neurosecretory cells 2. Corpora cardiaca 3. Prothoracic glands 4. Corpora ... digestion starts as partially chewed food is broken down by saliva from the salivary glands. As the salivary glands produce ... Hormones and the glands that produce them run the development of butterflies and moths as they go through their life cycle, ... Some glands are specialized to perform certain task such as producing silk or producing saliva in the palpi.: 65, 75 While the ...
Six body systems investigated were cardiovascular/cardiopulmonary (heart, lungs and blood vessels); renal/endocrine (kidneys ... and hormone-secreting organs and glands); blood (blood plasma); immune system (white blood cells); musculoskeletal (muscles and ...
Nelson WO (1936). "Endocrine Control of the Mammary Gland". Physiological Reviews. 16 (3): 488-526. doi:10.1152/physrev.1936.16 ... Greene RR (1941). "Endocrine Therapy for Gynecologic Disorders". Medical Clinics of North America. 25 (1): 155-168. doi:10.1016 ... In rodents, estriol induces mammary gland development similar to that with estrone. By the oral route in women, estriol has ...
Operations on endocrine glands (endocrine surgery) 5-08...5-16: Operations on the eye (eye surgery) 5-18...5-20: Operations on ...
Cannon, Walter B; Britton, Sydney William (1 April 1925). "Studies on the conditions of activity in endocrine glands: XV. ...
The pineal gland thereby was established as an endocrine gland. As it controls other the important endocrine glands, including ... the so-called "master gland", the pituitary gland, it is more appropriate to refer the pineal gland as the true "master gland" ... The history of the pineal gland is an account of the scientific development on the understanding of the pineal gland from the ... As an elusive and unique part of the brain, the pineal gland has the longest history among the body organs as a structure of ...
Axelrod, J. (December 2013). The Pineal Gland and its Endocrine Role. ISBN 9781475714517 - via Google Books.[full citation ... Some authorities state that xenarthrans lack a functional pineal gland; pineal activity is related to the perception of light. ...
In vertebrates, endocrine glands are specialized organs that secrete hormones into the endocrine signaling system. Hormone ... Hormone producing cells are found in the endocrine glands, such as the thyroid gland, ovaries, and testes. Exocytosis and other ... For example, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) causes growth and increased activity of another endocrine gland, the thyroid, ... Wisse B (13 June 2021). "Endocrine glands". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved November 18, 2021. ...
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)28332-9. "Bradshaw Lecture ON THE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES, SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM, AND ENDOCRINE GLANDS". ... doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)97552-X. Greenfield, W.S. (1893). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON SOME DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND". The ... doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)96264-6. Greenfield, W.S. (1893). "The Bradshaw Lecture ON SOME DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND". The ... a new endocrine syndrome 1975 Ronald W. Raven, Oncology : attainment and anticipation 1974 Richard S. Handley, Carcinoma of the ...
It causes the dysfunction of multiple endocrine glands due to autoimmunity. It is a genetic disorder, inherited in autosomal ... This leads to damage to endocrine organs. Common problems include hypercalcaemia and nephrocalcinosis (due to a lack of ... and serum endocrine autoantibody screening. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 treatment is based on the symptoms that ... a model disease to study molecular aspects of endocrine autoimmunity". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 135 (3): 348-57. ...
He discovered that the endocrine glands were of completely independent functions. He found that muscle seizure (tetany) thought ... He found that muscle seizure (tetany) was due to abrogation of parathyroid glands, and that injection of calcium salt could ... From 1909 MacCallum investigated a unique tetanic condition called gastric tetany, in which parathyroid glands are normal. The ... Randolph, Gregory W. (2013). Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands (Second ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders (Elsevier ...
Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their ... Examples include Brunner's glands, esophageal glands, and pyloric glands Seromucous glands (mixed) secrete both protein and ... mainly serous gland. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, a lipid product. These glands are also known as oil glands, e.g. Fordyce ... maximum sweat glands of humans, salivary glands, goblet cells, intestinal glands, tear glands, etc. Apocrine - the apical ...
The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, ... Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood. ... Secondary endocrine disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary gland. Tertiary endocrine disease is associated with ... is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets that ...
The glands that make up the endocrine system produce chemical messengers called hormones that travel through the blood to other ... Important endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, and adrenal glands. ... The glands that make up the endocrine system produce chemical messengers called hormones that travel through the blood to other ... There are other glands that contain endocrine tissue and secrete hormones, including the pancreas, ovaries, and testes. ...
Endocrine glands release (secrete) hormones into the bloodstream. ... Organization of endocrine control. In: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL, ... Hypersecretion is when an excess of one or more hormone is secreted from a gland. Hyposecretion is when the amount of hormones ...
Endocrine (Glands and Hormones). The endocrine system consists of specialized groups of cells called glands that make, store, ... Some of these endocrine glands include the adrenals, chemoreceptor organs, gonads (testis and ovary), hypothalamus, pancreatic ... These glands secrete hormones that travel through the circulatory system to regulate the various body systems. A few of these ...
Learn about Endocrine glands or find a doctor at Mount Sinai Health System. ... Endocrine glands release hormones (chemical messengers) into the bloodstream to be transported to various organs and tissues ... Although the thyroid gland releases the hormones which govern growth and metabolism, the brain (the pituitary and the ... Organization of endocrine control. In: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL, eds. Medical Physiology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017 ...
... thyroid.The underactive endocrine gland which causes goitre is the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland secrets thyroxine hormone, and ... The underactive endocrine gland which causes goitre is (a) pancreas (b) thyroid (c) adrenal (d) pituitary - (b) ... Adrenal gland(d) Salivary gland. *. Which of the following does not act as an endocrine gland as well as an exocrine gland?(a) ... which acts only as an endocrine gland.(b) which acts only as an exocrine gland.(c) which acts both as an endocrine gland as ...
endocrine-paracrine cell of prostate gland basal cell of prostate epithelium luminal cell of prostate epithelium blood vessel ... endocrine-paracrine cell of prostate gland, basal cell of prostate epithelium, luminal cell of prostate epithelium, blood ...
Autoantibodies recognising endocrine organs are found alone or with related autoantibodies in a group of complex disorders ...
endocrine system wall art for home and office décor. Discover canvas art prints, photos, mural, big canvas art and framed wall ... Female mammary gland. endocrine system. Item # 2279872. Encyclopaedia Britannica ,p,For more than 240 years, Britannica has ...
ELISA Kit for Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF), PK1; EGVEGF; PRK1, PROK1; Prokineticin 1; ... ELISA Kit for Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF). PK1; EGVEGF; PRK1, PROK1; Prokineticin 1; ... The concentration of Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) in the samples is then determined by ... Recombinant Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF). Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.. ...
The pituitary gland is composed of an anterior and posterior lobes.. *. Anterior Pituitary. - contains three divisions; *Pars ... Distalis - comprises most of the anterior lobe (~75%) and contains five types of endocrine cells. *. Chromophils. - stain with ...
Stay up to date on Endocrinology research at Endocrine News. ... Read more on the topic of head glands with recent news, ... Always mystifying and bit mysterious, the pituitary is the gland that sends out the orders to the other glands in the body, ... Endocrine News takes a closer look at how the Mexican Acromegaly Registry has helped endocrinologists address the issues ... 2015 Copyright Endocrine Society. All rights reserved.2055 L Street NW, Suite 600 , Washington, DC 20036. Phone: 202.971.3636 ...
... spot endocrine glands with riddles. Diagnose disorders through case studies. Learn now! ... 5. Identify the endocrine gland based on this riddle: There are two of me in your body and I have two parts. I help keep your ... Endocrine System: Hormones, Glands, and Disorders Answer in Detail i. Solved by qualified expert ... 3. Identify the endocrine gland based on this riddle: They say "good things come in small packages" and that is true with me. I ...
... female-only endocrine glands of the human body. ... Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that exocrine ... For a diagram indicating the locations within the body of each of the endocrine glands, see Endocrine Glands of the Human Body ... glands have ducts (so may be referred to as ducted) whereas endocrine glands do not have ducts (and so may be referred to as ... The ovaries (singular ovary) are female-only endocrine glands in the human body. ...
Parts of the Endocrine System. Many glands make up the endocrine system. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland ... What Is a Gland?. A gland is an organ that makes and puts out hormones that do a specific job in your body. Endocrine glands ... Parts of the Endocrine System*Endocrine system glands and hormones , Endocrine system anatomy and physiology ... Thyroid gland. This gland makes thyroid hormone, which controls your metabolism. If this gland doesnt make enough, a condition ...
Tag Archives: astrology and endocrine glands Alternative Health & Yoga, Vedic Astrology Astrology of the Endocrine System. 2 ... adrenalastrology and endocrine glandsendocrine systemhormones and astrologyhypothalamusovariespancreaspineal and astrology ... these two glands rule over the entire endocrine system. They also call this gland "the seat of prana" as it controls the ... The relationship between the adrenal glands & the reproductive glands (ovaries & testes) can be suggested by the angular ...
The surgical removal of your entire thyroid gland is known as a thyroidectomy. Thyroidectomy is one of the thyroid disease ...
Tag: endocrine gland. qa What is the Pineal Gland? , Q&A. May 5, 2023. by doolly ... The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located in the center of the brain that produces the hormone melatonin, which helps ...
Thyroid Gland. * The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the lower part of the neck (8✔ ✔Trusted ... Endocrine Glands. * The major endocrine glands in the human body are the pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, ... Adrenal Gland. * The adrenal gland is a small, triangular-shaped gland found on both sides of the kidney. This gland is ... They are referred to as the ductless glands.. Pituitary Gland. * The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the ...
Issues dealing with Endocrine & Glandular disorders (e.g., Thyroid and Pituitary) and how they relate to neurological ... Issues dealing with Endocrine & Glandular disorders (e.g., Thyroid and Pituitary) and how they relate to neurological disorders ...
Endocrine Glands and Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders - Learn about from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Major Endocrine Glands. The major glands of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, ... For example, sweat glands, salivary glands, glands in mucus membranes, and mammary glands are called exocrine glands, because ... hormones that control the functions of many other endocrine glands Endocrine Controls The main function of endocrine glands is ...
Endocrine System. Adrenal Gland - Angiectasis Narrative. Comment:. Angiectasis (Figure 1. and Figure 2. ) in the adrenal cortex ... Adrenal gland, Cortex - Angiectasis in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. There are widely dilated, blood-filled vascular ... Adrenal gland, Cortex - Angiectasis in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. There are widely dilated, blood-filled vascular ... Adrenal gland, Cortex - Angiectasis in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study (higher magnification of Figure 1). The widely ...
Learn The Function of the Endocrine System Glands? Discover a quick way to remember the glands and their location Understand ... The endocrine system glands are part of the endocrine system and makeup approximately 12% of your Level 3 Anatomy and ... The endocrine system glands are part of the endocrine system and makeup approximately 12% of your Level 3 Anatomy and ... A quick way to remember the 7 Endocrine Glands. There are many endocrine glands in the body, however for your level 3 Anatomy ...
Endocrine system 5: the functions of the pineal and thymus glands. The endocrine system comprises glands and tissues that ... Pineal gland: location and histology. The pineal gland, also known as the pineal body, is a neuroendocrine gland found towards ... What are the functions of the major endocrine glands?. admin. 1 month ago. 031 mins ... The endocrine system consists of glands and tissues that produce and secrete hormones to regulate and coordinate vital bodily ...
Get Rocklands Human Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Recombinant Protein - 009-001-U74-0005 for SDS-PAGE. ... Specifications for rHuman Endocrine Gland VEGF Protein Product Details. Description:. Human Endocrine Gland Vascular ... Related products to: rHuman Endocrine Gland VEGF Protein. Human EG-VEGF ELISA Kit KOA0351 ... Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Recombinant Protein has bene tested by SDS-PAGE and is suitable as a control ...
Pituitary Gland Endocrine Dysfunction Caused By Sheehan Syndrome. Posted on October 9, 2023 by Tom Wade MD ... The posterior pituitary gland has its blood supply which functions under higher pressure than the anterior pituitary, so it is ... The blood supply that feeds the anterior pituitary gland is a relatively low-pressure system. It is theorized that this is the ... This blood loss results in the pituitary gland not being able to produce hormones. The diagnosis of Sheehan syndrome is not ...
... which of the following is not an endocrine gland? Continue Reading. Previous Which Of The Following Is Not An Endocrine Gland? ... Which Of The Following Is Not An Endocrine Gland?. [email protected] December 1, 2022 1 min read ...
  • The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by the pituitary stalk, and is enclosed by bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland secretes only one enzyme that is melanocyte stimulating hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • That pea-sized structure hanging below it is the pituitary gland. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The hypothalamus sends either hormonal or electrical messages to the pituitary gland. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pituitary gland is composed of an anterior and posterior lobes. (histologyguide.com)
  • The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland are in your brain. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • Its main job is to tell your pituitary gland to start or stop making hormones. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • The pituitary gland is at the base of the brain, and is no bigger than a pea. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • The hypothalamus (a small region of the brain that connects to the pituitary gland) secretes several hormones that control the pituitary gland. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sheehan syndrome which is also called post-partum pituitary necrosis refers to the necrosis of cells of the anterior pituitary gland following significant post-partum bleeding, hypovolemia, and shock. (tomwademd.net)
  • Sheehan syndrome occurs when the anterior pituitary gland is damaged due to significant blood loss. (tomwademd.net)
  • This blood loss results in the pituitary gland not being able to produce hormones. (tomwademd.net)
  • Other symptoms are associated with loss of pituitary gland hormone production and may include amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, hot flashes, and/or decreased sex drive. (tomwademd.net)
  • This increase is caused principally by hyperplasia of prolactin-producing cells (lactotrophs) and hyperplasia of other cells in the anterior pituitary gland. (tomwademd.net)
  • This hyperplasia leads to increased nutritional and metabolic demand by the anterior pituitary gland as a whole, but the blood supply that feeds the anterior pituitary does not increase. (tomwademd.net)
  • The blood supply that feeds the anterior pituitary gland is a relatively low-pressure system. (tomwademd.net)
  • The posterior pituitary gland has its blood supply which functions under higher pressure than the anterior pituitary, so it is not usually affected by shock or hypovolemia. (tomwademd.net)
  • The hypothalamus also synthesizes and secretes regulatory hormones that control the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland such as Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone, Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone and somatostatin. (jackwestin.com)
  • 2. The pituitary gland, sometimes called the "master gland," is located at the base of the brain. (jackwestin.com)
  • The hypothalamus synthesizes hormones and transports them to the posterior pituitary gland while also synthesizing and secreting regulatory hormones that control cells in the anterior pituitary gland. (jackwestin.com)
  • It produces crucial h ormones to control the pituitary gland. (tomsk.ru)
  • The hormones created in the Pituitary gland affect growth and reproduction. (tomsk.ru)
  • Nerve cells in the hypothalamus make chemicals that control the release of hormones secreted from the pituitary gland. (kidshealth.org)
  • These glands include the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These hormones then act on the pituitary gland, which in turn directs the actions of several other glands in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The pituitary gland releases hormones that travel throughout the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This hormone is made in the hypothalamus but stored and released from the posterior pituitary gland. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone promotes normal development and activity of the thyroid gland. (wikipedia.org)
  • The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck, in front of the thyroid cartilage, and is shaped like a butterfly, with two wings connected by a central isthmus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcitonin, produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland in response to rising blood calcium levels, depresses blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone matrix resorption and enhancing calcium deposit in bones. (wikipedia.org)
  • The underactive endocrine gland which causes goitre is the thyroid gland. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Thyroid gland secrets thyroxine hormone, and lack of this hormone causes goitre in humans. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Thyroid gland. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • Take the thyroid gland for example. (mikessleepingdog.com)
  • 3. The thyroid gland, one of the largest endocrine glands in the body, is located in the neck, just below the larynx and in front of the trachea. (jackwestin.com)
  • The thyroid gland produces the hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). (jackwestin.com)
  • These glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. (jackwestin.com)
  • These really small glands sit behind the thyroid gland and produce hormones to regulate calcium levels in the body's bones and blood. (tomsk.ru)
  • Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is a procedure to remove thyroid cells for examination. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located inside the front of the lower neck. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • A thyroid nodule is a growth (lump) in the thyroid gland. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck, just above where your collarbones m. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Thyroid cancer is a cancer that starts in the thyroid gland. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • The main risk is bleeding into or around the thyroid gland. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • In 2007, our group designed, using biocompatible material, an organomorphic scaffold-bioreactor unit for bioengineering ex situ the human thyroid gland, chosen as a model for its simple anatomical organization (repetitive follicular cavities). (unibas.ch)
  • It is now under intense investigation as an experimental tool to test cellular 3D auto-assembly of thyroid tissue and its related vascular system up to the ex situ generation of a 3D macroscopic thyroid gland. (unibas.ch)
  • Thyroxin is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism. (proprofs.com)
  • Calcitonin, on the other hand, is produced by the thyroid gland as well and helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. (proprofs.com)
  • This hormone causes the thyroid gland to produce hormones that regulate the body's metabolism, energy balance, growth, and nervous system activity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This paper reviews the main landmarks in the history of thyroid disease, supplemented by a brief discussion of the historically relevant scientific aspects of the thyroid gland, and the evolution of endocrinology as a formal discipline. (who.int)
  • 3 ]. on the thyroid gland. (who.int)
  • The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are neuroendocrine organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. The hypothalamus is an endocrine organ located in the brain. (jackwestin.com)
  • Hypothalamus - The Hypothalamus is p art of the brain and plays a central and integrated role linking the nervous system to the endocrine system. (tomsk.ru)
  • There are other glands that contain endocrine tissue and secrete hormones, including the pancreas, ovaries, and testes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pancreas is a small organ that has both exocrine and endocrine functions. (medindia.net)
  • As an endocrine gland, the pancreas produces several important hormones, such as insulin and glucagon in the islets of Langerhans , which are secreted into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels. (jackwestin.com)
  • The pancreas is part of the endocrine system and the digestive system . (kidshealth.org)
  • This book brings together recognized experts in the field to describe their current techniques for the surgical treatment of diseased thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, as well as neuroendocrine tumors of small bowel, pancreas, liver, and skin. (nshealth.ca)
  • Pancreas: A gland located in your abdomen that makes insulin and glucagon . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • It contains both exocrine cells that excrete digestive enzymes and endocrine cells that release hormones. (jackwestin.com)
  • Endocrine glands release hormones (chemical messengers) into the bloodstream to be transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Unlike exocrine glands that release their secretions through ducts, endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream for widespread distribution. (proprofs.com)
  • The glands and organs of the endocrine system release hormones that regulate important functions in the body. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The parathyroid glands, of which there are 4-6, are found on the back of the thyroid glands, and secrete parathyroid hormone, This causes an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, the intestine, and the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypersecretion is when an excess of one or more hormone is secreted from a gland. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your job as a potential doctor is to consider the symptoms of each person and then to state in your medical opinion the name of the disorder, the endocrine gland involved, the hormone and whether a hypo- or hyper- secretion is responsible. (myassignmenthelp.com)
  • This gland makes thyroid hormone, which controls your metabolism. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • Best known for making the "fight or flight" hormone adrenaline (also called epinephrine), these two glands also make hormones called corticosteroids. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located in the center of the brain that produces the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. (doolly.com)
  • Adrenaline or epinephrine is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a vital role in the fight or flight response. (medindia.net)
  • Not all organs that secrete hormones or hormone-like substances are considered part of the endocrine system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 4. The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands that produce parathyroid hormone . (jackwestin.com)
  • The main hormone produced and secreted by the pineal gland is melatonin . (jackwestin.com)
  • Depending on the hormones or calcium levels in the blood, the endocrine system adjusts how much of each hormone is released in order to appropriately regulate the body. (tomsk.ru)
  • It is a part of the endocrine (hormone) system, and plays a major role in regulating the body's metabolism. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • The endocrine system regulates how much of each hormone is released. (kidshealth.org)
  • This hormone causes the adrenal gland to produce cortisol. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Endocrinologists treat diseases of the endocrine system: glandular disorders characterized by fluctuations in hormone levels. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Some endocrine facts, such as the sequelae coined the term "hormone" for this internal of castration, are deeply rooted in the past. (who.int)
  • Endocrine glands release (secrete) hormones into the bloodstream. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The endocrine system consists of specialized groups of cells called glands that make, store, and release regulating chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate how the body functions. (cdc.gov)
  • Endocrine glands release the substances they make into your bloodstream. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • The endocrine glands do not have any ducts and transfer hormones directly into the bloodstream. (medindia.net)
  • Endocrine Controls The main function of endocrine glands is to secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For example, sweat glands, salivary glands, glands in mucus membranes, and mammary glands are called exocrine glands, because they secrete substances other than hormones and because they secrete the substances into ducts, not directly into the bloodstream. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These glands produce and send hormones into the bloodstream, where they travel to different tissues in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It's called the master gland because it regulates the activity of the glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, thanks to a worldwide collaboration and a new database, this "master gland" is slowly but surely unlocking its secrets. (endocrine.org)
  • Despite its small size, the pituitary is often called the "master gland. (kidshealth.org)
  • It is sometimes known as the "master gland" because it plays a role in so many bodily functions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These glands secrete hormones that travel through the circulatory system to regulate the various body systems. (cdc.gov)
  • The endocrine system consists of glands and tissues that produce and secrete hormones to regulate and coordinate vital bodily functions. (tomsk.ru)
  • The relationship between the adrenal glands & the reproductive glands (ovaries & testes) can be suggested by the angular relationship betweenVenus & Mars. (mikessleepingdog.com)
  • Testes - The testes are the male gender sex gland and is located in the scrotum. (tomsk.ru)
  • Testes: Reproductive glands (gonads) in males that contain sperms. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Endocrine Gland-derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) is an angiogenic growth factor specifically expressed in the ovaries, testis, adrenal and placental tissues. (rockland.com)
  • Ovaries - The ovaries are the female gender sex gland and is located on each side of the uterus. (tomsk.ru)
  • Ovaries: Reproductive glands (gonads) in females that contain eggs. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The pineal gland is a small, tiny cone-shaped gland located in the center of the brain. (medindia.net)
  • 7. The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland in the brain. (jackwestin.com)
  • Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are referred to as the ductless glands. (medindia.net)
  • 5. Adrenal glands are a pair of ductless glands located above the kidneys. (jackwestin.com)
  • The glands that make up the endocrine system produce chemical messengers called hormones that travel through the blood to other parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many glands make up the endocrine system. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • The individual organs that make up the endocrine system have different and often unrelated functions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • There are several different glands that make up the endocrine system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What gland secretes t3 and t4? (tomsk.ru)
  • The pituitary also secretes endorphins (pronounced: en-DOR-fins), chemicals that act on the nervous system and reduce feelings of pain. (kidshealth.org)
  • The endocrine system produces and secretes a number of hormones in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF). (uscnk.com)
  • No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) and analogues was observed. (uscnk.com)
  • Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of recombinant Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) in samples. (uscnk.com)
  • Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively. (uscnk.com)
  • Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. (uscnk.com)
  • The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) and their serial dilutions. (uscnk.com)
  • The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF). (uscnk.com)
  • Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF). (uscnk.com)
  • Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor purity was determined to be greater than 97% as determined by analysis by HpLC, UV-Spectroscopy at 280nm and by reducing and non-reducing SDS-pAGE. (rockland.com)
  • Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Recombinant Protein has bene tested by SDS-PAGE and is suitable as a control for polyclonal or monoclonal anti-Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in immunological assays. (rockland.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (pharmas-eu.org)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Mouse Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (pharmas-eu.org)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (pharmas-eu.org)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (pharmas-eu.org)
  • This article, the fifth in an eight-part series on the endocrine system, explores the anatomy and physiology of the pineal and thymus glands, and describes how they regulate and coordinate vital physiological processes in the body through hormonal action. (tomsk.ru)
  • Citation: Knight J et al (2021) Endocrine system 5: pineal and thymus glands. (tomsk.ru)
  • Thymus: A gland in the upper part of your chest that helps in the development of the body's immune system during the early stages of your life. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What body processes do each of the main endocrine glands influence? (tomsk.ru)
  • This is a set of four small glands behind your thyroid. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • Parathyroids: Four small glands in your neck that control the level of calcium in your blood. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Four of the six anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The endocrine system works together with the nervous system to regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism. (medindia.net)
  • The endocrine system consists of a group of glands and organs that regulate and control various body functions by producing and secreting hormones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is produced by the pineal gland in the brain and helps to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. (proprofs.com)
  • One of the human body's main systems, is the endocrine system, otherwise known as the hormonal system. (tomsk.ru)
  • Even though most people don't know much about the endocrine system this hormonal system requires a delicate balance that when disturbed can wreak havoc on the body. (tomsk.ru)
  • Autoantibodies recognising endocrine organs are found alone or with related autoantibodies in a group of complex disorders termed Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndromes (APS). (southtees.nhs.uk)
  • Issues dealing with Endocrine & Glandular disorders (e.g. (braintalkcommunities.org)
  • Doctors who specialize in disorders of the endocrine system are known as endocrinologists. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Many endocrinologists further subspecialize in the functions and disorders of specific glands. (msdmanuals.com)
  • By contrast, inappropriate responsiveness of the stress system may impair growth and development and may account for a number of endocrine, metabolic, autoimmune, and psychiatric disorders. (nih.gov)
  • ἔνδον - inside, κρίνω - eject λόγος - word, study) - part of medicine studying structure and function of glands of internal secretion and hormones produced by them and also diseases developing as a result of function disorders of these glands. (mediclub.az)
  • If the glands do not function properly and produce incorrect amounts of hormones, a person can develop certain disorders of the endocrine system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This article discusses the endocrine system, its functions, the different glands present in the system, and certain endocrine disorders and diseases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The pineal body, also called the pineal gland, is in the middle of the brain. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys in humans and in front of the kidneys in other animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The adrenal glands also sit on top of the kidneys which are ruled by Venus (Kidneys, bladder, urinary tract). (mikessleepingdog.com)
  • 1.Which Endocrine System Gland is located immediately above the Kidneys? (parallelcoaching.co.uk)
  • Adrenals: A pair of glands, one on each side of the abdomen, located on the top of your kidneys. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Endocrine system is a series of organs and glands in your body that secret chemical messengers called hormones in to your blood stream. (proprofs.com)
  • Cancer is one of the diseases that can affect any of the endocrine glands and is often heritable. (tomsk.ru)
  • Medicine: Internal medicine: Specialties of internal medicine: Diseases of the endocrine glands. (doaj.org)
  • Chemical messengers released by endocrine glands are called hormones. (proprofs.com)
  • Neurons are nerve cells that transmit electrical signals, not chemical messengers released by endocrine glands. (proprofs.com)
  • The adrenal glands produce different hormones with a variety of functions. (endocrinesurgeon.co.uk)
  • The adrenal glands produce glucocorticoids and androgens , which are sex hormones that promote masculinity. (jackwestin.com)
  • It is made up of eight major glands, w here hormones are produced, stored and released. (tomsk.ru)
  • 8. The gonads are additional types of endocrine glands. (jackwestin.com)
  • The pineal gland, also known as the pineal body, is a neuroendocrine gland found towards the centre of the brain. (tomsk.ru)
  • These glands are responsible for creating hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone and adrenaline (also known as epinephrine). (tomsk.ru)
  • If this gland doesn't make enough, a condition called hypothyroidism, If it makes too much, this condition also called hyperthyroidism. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • Attached to the thyroid are four tiny glands that work together called the parathyroids (pronounced: par-uh-THY-roydz). (kidshealth.org)
  • The adrenal glands also produce epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) in response to stress. (jackwestin.com)
  • The brain sends instructions to the endocrine system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It's the part of the brain that controls the endocrine system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Unlike most other brain components, the pineal gland is found outside of the neuroprotective blood brain barrier (Chlubek and Sikora, 2020). (tomsk.ru)
  • Pineal: A gland found near the center of the brain that may be linked to sleep patterns. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Pituitary: A pea-sized gland located at the base of your brain that controls all the other hormones. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Thyroid: A butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, and brain development. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Always mystifying and bit mysterious, the pituitary is the gland that sends out the orders to the other glands in the body, from regulating the adrenals and the thyroid to coordinating reproduction. (endocrine.org)
  • 5. Identify the endocrine gland based on this riddle: There are two of me in your body and I have two parts. (myassignmenthelp.com)
  • The endocrine system is a network of glands in your body that make the hormones that help cells talk to each other. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • They take messages from one part of the body (the gland) to tell another part of the body (the target cell) to do something important. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • A gland is an organ that makes and puts out hormones that do a specific job in your body. (overseas-doctor.com)
  • It is at this point that a signal is sent to the major Endocrine glands so they can secrete the relevant hormones which will restore homeostasis in the body. (parallelcoaching.co.uk)
  • There are many endocrine glands in the body, however for your level 3 Anatomy and Physiology Exam, you need to know about 7 of these. (parallelcoaching.co.uk)
  • The endocrine system is the name for the glands that produce hormones in a person's body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Certain glands throughout the body make these hormones. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Different glands within the body produce different hormones. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These hormones either direct certain processes within the body or stimulate other glands to produce other hormones. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Endocrine News takes a closer look at how the Mexican Acromegaly Registry has helped endocrinologists address the issues patients with acromegaly face, both physically and financially. (endocrine.org)