Flatfishes
Flounder
Fish Venoms
Trochlear Nerve
Metamorphosis, Biological
Larva
Fishes
Vitellogenins
Phospholipoglycoproteins produced in the fat body of egg-laying animals such as non-mammalian VERTEBRATES; ARTHROPODS; and others. Vitellogenins are secreted into the HEMOLYMPH, and taken into the OOCYTES by receptor-mediated ENDOCYTOSIS to form the major yolk proteins, VITELLINS. Vitellogenin production is under the regulation of steroid hormones, such as ESTRADIOL and JUVENILE HORMONES in insects.
Low C18 to C20 fatty acid elongase activity and limited conversion of stearidonic acid, 18:4(n-3), to eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5(n-3), in a cell line from the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. (1/202)
The TF cell line, derived from a top predatory, carnivorous marine teleost, the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), is known to have a limited conversion of C18 to C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). To illuminate the underlying processes, we studied the conversions of stearidonic acid, 18:4(n-3), and its elongation product, 20:4(n-3), in TF cells and also in a cell line, AS, derived from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), by adding unlabelled (25 microM), U-14C (1 microM) or deuterated (d5; 25 microM) fatty acids. Stearidonic acid, 18:4(n-3), was metabolised to 20:5(n-3) in both cells lines, but more so in AS than in TF cells. Delta5 desaturation was more active in TF cells than in AS cells, whereas C18 to C20 elongation was much reduced in TF as compared to AS cells. Only small amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)) were produced by both cell lines, although there was significant production of 22:5(n-3) in both cultures, especially when 20:4(n-3) was supplemented. We conclude that limited elongation of C18 to C20 fatty acids rather than limited fatty acyl Delta5 desaturation accounts for the limited rate of conversion of 18:3(n-3) to 20:5(n-3) in the turbot cell line, as compared to the Atlantic salmon cell line. The results can account for the known differences in conversions of C18 to C20 PUFA by the turbot and the Atlantic salmon in vivo. (+info)Natural copepods are superior to enriched artemia nauplii as feed for halibut larvae (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in terms of survival, pigmentation and retinal morphology: relation to dietary essential fatty acids. (2/202)
Replicate groups of halibut larvae were fed to d 71 post-first feeding (PFF) either the marine copepod, Eurytemora velox, or Artemia nauplii doubly enriched with the marine chromist or golden algae, Schizochytrium sp., (Algamac 2000) and a commercial oil emulsion (SuperSelco). The fatty acid compositions of eyes, brains and livers from larvae fed the two diets were measured, and indices of growth, eye migration and skin pigmentation were recorded along with histological examinations of eye and liver. The docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3); DHA]/eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3); EPA] ratios in Artemia nauplii enriched with the SuperSelco and Algamac 2000 were 0.4 and 1.0, respectively. The E. velox copepods were divided into two size ranges (125-250 and 250-400 microm) with the smaller size range containing the highest level of (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The DHA/EPA ratios for the two size ranges of copepods were 2.0 and 0.9, respectively. The total lipids of eyes, brains and livers of larvae fed copepods had higher levels of DHA and lower levels of EPA than those of larvae fed enriched Artemia. The percentage of survival of the halibut larvae was significantly higher when copepods rather than enriched Artemia nauplii were fed, but larval specific growth rates did not differ. The indices of eye migration were high and not significantly different in larvae fed the two diets, but the percentage of larvae undergoing successful metamorphosis (complete eye migration and dorsal pigmentation) was higher in larvae fed copepods (40%) than in larvae fed enriched Artemia (4%). The rod/cone ratios in histological sections of the retina were 2.5 +/- 0.7 in larvae fed copepods and 1.3 +/- 0.6 in larvae fed enriched Artemia (P < 0.01). Histological examination of the livers and intestines of the larvae were consistent with better assimilation of lipid from copepods than lipid from Artemia nauplii up to 46 d post-first feeding. Thus, marine copepods are superior to enriched Artemia as food for halibut larvae in terms of survival, eye development and pigmentation, and this superiority can be related to the level of DHA in the feed. (+info)Transmission of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) to yolk-sac larvae of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: occurrence of nodavirus in various organs and a possible route of infection. (3/202)
The susceptibility of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus yolk-sac larvae to viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) was investigated by waterborne challenge experiments with nodavirus. Transfer of VER was indicated by several lines of evidence. A significantly higher cumulative mortality was observed after challenge with virus compared to mock challenge, and increasing doses of virus resulted in shorter incubation periods. When the challenge was performed on the day after hatching, the time from inoculation to the time when 50% of the larvae were dead (LT50) ranged from 26 to 32 d. Postponement of challenge for 13 d reduced the LT50 to 14 d, indicating that the susceptibility of the larvae to the present nodavirus strain was low during the first 2 wk after hatching. The progression of the infection was monitored by sequential immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. On Day 18 after hatching the initial signs of infection were observed as a prominent focus of immunolabelling in the caudal part of the brain stem. In the same larvae immunolabelled single cell lesions were observed in the stratified epithelium of the cranial part of the intestine. The portal of entry into the larvae may thus have been the intestinal epithelium, while the route of infection to the CNS may have been axonal transport to the brain stem through cranial nerves such as the vagus nerves. Later in the infection, lesions became more severe and widespread and were also found throughout the brain and spinal cord and in the retina, cranial ganglia, intestine, liver, olfactory epithelium, yolk-sac epithelium, gills and pectoral fins. The mortality in all virus-challenged groups was 100%. This study thus demonstrates that the present nodavirus strain is able to replicate and cause VER in Atlantic halibut yolk-sac larvae at temperatures as low as 6 degrees C. (+info)Arthrobacter rhombi sp. nov., isolated from Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). (4/202)
Two strains of a hitherto undescribed Gram-positive coryneform bacterium isolated from Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains constitute a new line within the genus Arthrobacter. The nearest relatives of the bacterium from fish were members of the Arthrobacter nicotianael Arthrobacter sulfureus group. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from these species by phenotypic methods. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Arthrobacter rhombi sp. nov. The type strain of Arthrobacter rhombi is CCUG 38813T. (+info)Epizoic amoebae from the gills of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. (5/202)
Species of amoebae belonging to the genera Platyamoeba Page, 1969, Vannella Bovee, 1965 and Flabellula Schaeffer, 1926 were found to accompany Paramoeba sp., the agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD), in clinically diseased turbots. The same community of epizoic gymnamoebae was found on the gills of turbots which revealed no gill abnormalities but slight behavioral signs indicative of suboptimal health status. The assemblage of the above-mentioned free-living amoebae capable of colonizing gill tissue of turbots was supplemented with species recognized in samples fixed from primary isolates for transmission electron microscopy. The pathogenic potential of epizoic gill amoebae in turbots is discussed. (+info)Experimental susceptibility of turbot Scophthalmus maximus to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolated from cultivated turbot. (6/202)
Juvenile pathogen-free turbot were infected with a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolate recovered from turbot cultivated on the island of Gigha, West Scotland. Mortality of 100% was recorded in fish infected via the intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route. Horizontal transmission of VHSV in sea water was demonstrated by cohabitation of naive fish with i.p. infected fish at a ratio of 1:1. The total cumulative average mortality in cohabiting fish was 60% by 60 d post-infection. Turbot infected via an immersion route exhibited a cumulative average mortality of 71% by the end of the experiment. VHSV identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was recovered from both organ (kidney and spleen) and brain samples of individual fish that died following infection by all experimental routes. These findings pose significant implications regarding the persistence of VHSV and its role in limiting natural populations of marine fish species. In addition, the establishment of infection models for the transmission of VHSV in sea water is of fundamental importance to the development of anti-VHSV vaccines in important commercial species such as turbot. (+info)Pathogenicity of nodavirus strains from striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex and Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, studied by waterborne challenge of yolk-sac larvae of both teleost species. (7/202)
The present study shows that differences in pathogenicity exist among fish nodavirus strains. In challenge trials, a Japanese strain (SJ93Nag) was highly virulent to larvae of the striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex but replication was not detected in larvae of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus at 6 degrees C. Conversely, a Norwegian nodavirus strain (AH95NorA) that was highly virulent to the Atlantic halibut larvae did not replicate in striped jack larvae at 20 degrees C. Occurrence of the disease viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) and cumulative mortality were significantly different in the 2 species when challenged with the 2 nodavirus strains. The presence of nodavirus in nervous tissue was monitored by immunohistochemical methods. Our results support the view that the genetic diversity among nodavirus strains reflects the existence of different viral phenotypes which may be adapted to infect different host species and/or for replicating at different temperatures. Fish nodaviruses represent surveyable pathogens well suited for studying the relation between viral genotypic and phenotypic properties such as host specificity, temperature optima, neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence. (+info)Characterization of the capsid protein gene from a nodavirus strain affecting the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and design of an optimal reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection assay. (8/202)
A 1349 nucleotide fragment of the RNA2 from a nodavirus affecting Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus was characterised and the nuclotide sequence (accession no. AJ245641) was employed to develop an optimal reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection assay. The sequenced part of the RNA2 of Atlantic halibut nodavirus (strain AH95NorA) was highly similar in organisation to that of the RNA2 of striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), and comprised features common to all nodaviruses. These characteristics confirmed that the virus that causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in Atlantic halibut is a nodavirus. The nucleotide sequence of the 1349 nucleotide fragment of Atlantic halibut nodavirus RNA2 was 80% identical to the RNA2 of SJNNV. The T2 region (830 nucleotides) of the RNA2 of Atlantic halibut nodavirus shared 98% of the nucleotide sequence when compared with the homologous region of barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), while the nucleotide sequence identity to SJNNV in this region was 76%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the T4 region (421 nucleotides) of Atlantic halibut nodavirus and of other fish nodaviruses revealed a close relationship to the nodaviruses of the barfin flounder clad that have been found in other cold-water species (Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus and barfin founder Verasper moseri). The nucleotide sequence of the RNA2 of Atlantic halibut nodavirus included some features that differ from that of SJNNV. The ORF of the RNA2 of Atlantic halibut nodavirus lacked 6 nucleotides through a single deletion and a 5-nucleotide deletion, separated by 4 nucleotides. The 3'-non-encoding region contained a 21 nucleotide insert and a 3 nucleotide deletion when compared with SJNNV. In comparison with the RNA2 of SJNNV, the 3'-non-encoding region showed a nucleotide sequence identity of 84.5%. A primer set based on the Atlantic halibut nodavirus nucleotide sequence was employed in order to design an optimal RT-PCR. The detection limit of the PCR was 10 to 100 copies of plasmid, while the detection limit of the RT-PCR assay was 100 to 1000 copies of in vitro transcribed viral RNA. (+info)Flatfishes are a group of marine fish characterized by having both eyes on the same side of their head, which is flattened laterally and adapted for living on the sea bottom.
Flatfishes are a group of marine fish characterized by having both eyes on one side of their head, which is flattened laterally. This gives them a distinctive asymmetrical appearance. They belong to the order Pleuronectiformes and include various species such as halibut, flounder, sole, and plaice. Flatfishes start their life with eyes on both sides of their head, but during development, one eye migrates to the other side of the head, a process known as metamorphosis. They are bottom-dwelling predators that rely on their excellent camouflage abilities to ambush prey.
*Flounder: A type of flatfish (family Bothidae) that has both eyes on the right side of its body, which undergoes skewed development to swim with both eyes facing upward on the top of its body as it lies on the seafloor.*
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "flounder" is not a medical term. It is a common name used for several species of flatfish that are widely consumed as food. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, please don't hesitate to ask!
Fish venoms refer to toxic substances, primarily composed of proteins and peptides, produced by specialized cells (i.e., venom glands) in some fish species, which upon delivery through spines, teeth, or stingers, can cause a range of localized or systemic adverse effects in humans and other animals, including pain, swelling, inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially life-threatening reactions.
Fish venoms are toxic substances produced by some species of fish, primarily found in their spines, fins, or skin. These venoms are used for defense against predators and can cause painful injuries to humans who come into contact with them. The venomous fishes belong to various taxonomic groups, including catfishes (order Siluriformes), stingrays (superorder Batoidea), scorpionfishes (family Scorpaenidae), weevers (family Trachinidae), and stonefishes (family Synanceiidae).
The composition of fish venoms varies among species, but they typically contain a mixture of proteins, enzymes, and small molecules that can induce local and systemic effects. Local reactions usually involve pain, swelling, and redness at the site of the injury, while systemic symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, paralysis, or even death in severe cases.
Immediate medical attention is required for fish venom injuries to manage pain, prevent infection, and treat potential systemic effects. Treatment usually involves removing any remaining venomous spines or fragments, immersing the wound in hot water (>45°C/113°F) to denature the proteins in the venom, and administering appropriate analgesics, antibiotics, and supportive care as needed.
The fourth cranial nerve, also known as the trochlear nerve, is responsible for innervating the superior oblique muscle of the eye, enabling it to rotate the eye upward and outward.
The trochlear nerve, also known as the fourth cranial nerve (CN IV), is a nerve that originates in the midbrain and innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye. This muscle helps with the downward and outward movement of the eye, playing a crucial role in controlling eye movements and maintaining binocular vision. The trochlear nerve's main function is to provide motor (efferent) innervation to the superior oblique muscle, enabling fine-tuning of eye movements during activities such as reading, writing, or driving. Damage to this nerve can result in vertical diplopia (double vision), strabismus (eye misalignment), and other visual impairments.
Metamorphosis, Biological: is a complex process of transformation that certain organisms undergo during their development, characterized by distinct stages of growth where the body structure changes significantly, often including variations in form, shape, and function, typically observed in insects, amphibians, and some types of fish.
Biological metamorphosis is a complex process of transformation that certain organisms undergo during their development from embryo to adult. This process involves profound changes in form, function, and structure of the organism, often including modifications of various body parts, reorganization of internal organs, and changes in physiology.
In metamorphosis, a larval or juvenile form of an animal is significantly different from its adult form, both morphologically and behaviorally. This phenomenon is particularly common in insects, amphibians, and some fish and crustaceans. The most well-known examples include the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly or a tadpole into a frog.
The mechanisms that drive metamorphosis are regulated by hormonal signals and genetic programs. In many cases, metamorphosis is triggered by environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, or food availability, which interact with the organism's internal developmental cues to initiate the transformation. The process of metamorphosis allows these organisms to exploit different ecological niches at different stages of their lives and contributes to their evolutionary success.
Fish proteins are nutritional components derived from various fish species, typically consisting of muscle tissue and other edible parts, which have undergone processing to extract the protein fractions for human consumption or industrial applications.
"Fish proteins" are not a recognized medical term or concept. However, fish is a source of protein that is often consumed in the human diet and has been studied in various medical and nutritional contexts. According to the USDA FoodData Central database, a 100-gram serving of cooked Atlantic salmon contains approximately 25 grams of protein.
Proteins from fish, like other animal proteins, are complete proteins, meaning they contain all nine essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. Fish proteins have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their role in muscle growth and repair, immune function, and cardiovascular health.
It's worth noting that some people may have allergies to fish or seafood, which can cause a range of symptoms from mild skin irritation to severe anaphylaxis. If you suspect you have a fish allergy, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.
In biology and medicine, a larva is an initial stage in the development of certain insects, worms, and other invertebrate animals, characterized by being distinct from the adult form, often legless, and typically existing as a free-living organism until it metamorphoses into the next life stage.
A larva is a distinct stage in the life cycle of various insects, mites, and other arthropods during which they undergo significant metamorphosis before becoming adults. In a medical context, larvae are known for their role in certain parasitic infections. Specifically, some helminth (parasitic worm) species use larval forms to infect human hosts. These invasions may lead to conditions such as cutaneous larva migrans, visceral larva migrans, or gnathostomiasis, depending on the specific parasite involved and the location of the infection within the body.
The larval stage is characterized by its markedly different morphology and behavior compared to the adult form. Larvae often have a distinct appearance, featuring unsegmented bodies, simple sense organs, and undeveloped digestive systems. They are typically adapted for a specific mode of life, such as free-living or parasitic existence, and rely on external sources of nutrition for their development.
In the context of helminth infections, larvae may be transmitted to humans through various routes, including ingestion of contaminated food or water, direct skin contact with infective stages, or transmission via an intermediate host (such as a vector). Once inside the human body, these parasitic larvae can cause tissue damage and provoke immune responses, leading to the clinical manifestations of disease.
It is essential to distinguish between the medical definition of 'larva' and its broader usage in biology and zoology. In those fields, 'larva' refers to any juvenile form that undergoes metamorphosis before reaching adulthood, regardless of whether it is parasitic or not.
"'Fishes,' when used in a medical context, typically refers to various species of aquatic organisms belonging to the Phylum Chordata, Class Osteichthyes, characterized by having gills, scales, and fins, which may be encountered in clinical settings due to factors such as recreational or occupational exposure, parasitic infestations, or complications from ichthyophagy (fish-eating)."
I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. The term "fishes" is not typically used in a medical context. "Fish" or "fishes" refers to any aquatic organism belonging to the taxonomic class Actinopterygii (bony fish), Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays), or Agnatha (jawless fish).
However, if you are referring to a condition related to fish or consuming fish, there is a medical issue called scombroid fish poisoning. It's a foodborne illness caused by eating spoiled or improperly stored fish from the Scombridae family, which includes tuna, mackerel, and bonito, among others. The bacteria present in these fish can produce histamine, which can cause symptoms like skin flushing, headache, diarrhea, and itchy rash. But again, this is not related to the term "fishes" itself but rather a condition associated with consuming certain types of fish.
Vitellogenins are a class of large, evolutionarily conserved, phosphoglycolipoproteins involved in the nutrient storage and egg yolk formation in oviparous species, also found in some non-oviparous vertebrates and invertebrates, where they may play roles in immune response and stress resistance.
Vitellogenins are a group of precursor proteins that are synthesized in the liver and subsequently transported to the ovaries, where they are taken up by developing oocytes. Once inside the oocyte, vitellogenins are cleaved into smaller proteins called lipovitellins and phosvitins, which play a crucial role in providing nutrients and energy to the developing embryo.
Vitellogenins are found in many oviparous species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and some invertebrates. They are typically composed of several domains, including a large N-terminal domain that is rich in acidic amino acids, a central von Willebrand factor type D domain, and a C-terminal domain that contains multiple repeat units.
In addition to their role in egg development, vitellogenins have also been implicated in various physiological processes, such as immune function, stress response, and metal homeostasis. Moreover, the levels of vitellogenin in the blood can serve as a biomarker for environmental exposure to estrogenic compounds, as these chemicals can induce the synthesis of vitellogenins in male and juvenile animals.
Flatfish
... (left‐eyed flounder) Flatfish is considered a Whitefish because of the high concentration of oils within its liver. ... Halibut are the largest of the flatfishes, and provide lucrative fisheries. The turbot is a large, left-eyed flatfish found in ... Flatfishes range in size from Tarphops oligolepis, measuring about 4.5 cm (1.8 in) in length, and weighing 2 g (0.071 oz), to ... No other flatfish is known from hydrothermal vents. Many species will enter brackish or fresh water, and a smaller number of ...
Flatfish (shogi)
Flatfish Castle ☖ pieces in hand: - ☗ pieces in hand: - In shogi, Flatfish (olive flounder, 平目 hirame) is a Central Rook ( ... It characteristically uses the Flatfish castle (平目囲い or ヒラメ囲い hiramegakoi) instead of the more usual Mino castle. Central Rook ...
Flatfish (album)
Flatfish is the second album, and debut studio recording, by Anglo-Irish celtic music group Flook, released in 1999 on Flatfish ... "Calico" - 3:26 "E flat Reels" - 3:46 "The Gentle Giant" - 6:40 "Sligo Reel" - 4:13 "Flatfish" - 7:32 "Happy Jigs" - 3:20 "Bruno ...
Transitional fossil
... flatfish) are an order of ray-finned fish. The most obvious characteristic of the modern flatfish is their asymmetry, with both ... In some families the eyes are always on the right side of the body (dextral or right-eyed flatfish) and in others they are ... Amphistium is a 50-million-year-old fossil fish identified as an early relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil ... Chapleau, François; Amaoka, Kunio (1998). "Flatfishes". In Paxton, John R.; Eschmeyer, William M. (eds.). Encyclopedia of ...
Gulf flounder
The Gulf flounder is a flatfish that swims on its side. Their two eyes look upward when swimming. They have sharp teeth, two ... Topp, R.W.; Hoff Jr., F.H. (1972). "Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes)". Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises (Report). Vol. 4, Part 2 ...
European plaice
... is a common flatfish which inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms of the European shelf, usually at depths between 10 ... European plaice are generally caught as part of a mixed flatfish fishery or in other groundfish fisheries. The most common ... The European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), commonly referred to as simply plaice, is a species of marine flatfish in the ... Gibson, R.N. (2004). Flatfishes: Biology and Exploitation. Blackwell Publishing. Wikimedia Commons has media related to ...
Fauna of Puerto Rico
Robin Gibson (2005). Flatfishes: Biology and Exploitation. Blackwell Publishing Limited. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-632-05926-3. Reagan ... Other species of interest include flatfishes, with 21 recorded species, and sharks, with more than 20 species. Oceanic whitetip ...
Aseraggodes
These small flatfishes are poisonous. It is by far the most species rich genus in the family Soleidae, as there currently are ...
Jane Grigson
"; "Flat-fish"; "More Fish from the Sea"; "The Great Fish"; "Fish Caught in Fresh Water"; "Shellfish and Crustaceans"; "and " ...
Piana Canova PC.100
"Flying Flatfish". The Aircraft Engineer. X (4): 452. 25 April 1935. Portals: Italy Companies Aviation (Articles with short ...
Piana Canova PC.500
"Flying Flatfish". The Aircraft Engineer. X (4): 452. 25 April 1935. Portals: Italy Companies Aviation (Articles with short ...
Sakhalin sole
The Sakhalin sole (Limanda sakhalinensis) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on ... Guide to Northeast Pacific Flatfishes (PDF). Vol. Marine Advisory Bulletin no. 47. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska ...
Ikejime
This paralyzes the flatfish. A second cut is made in the tail to hasten the removal of blood. Flatfish are then chilled slowly ... After the flatfish have been bled, they are transferred to a salt/ice water slurry and chilled to −12°C." Ikejime has been ... Placement of the cut is made to preserve the greatest amount of flatfish flesh. ... "A cut is made toward the front of the flatfish severing the major artery and the spinal cord. ...
Fin rot
"Ninth Flatfish Biology Conference" (PDF). Nefsc.noaa.gov. December 1-2, 2004. p. 68. Retrieved 2012-10-13. Bailey, Mary; ...
Chocolala
Jhonson, EA (August 2018). "Tallinn's Finest Chocolate". Flatfish (published 1 August 2018). Retrieved 24 August 2019. Efert, ...
Soleidae
A flatfish resembling a small halibut or sole was observed by the bathyscaphe Trieste at the bottom of the Mariana Trench at a ... The true soles are a family, Soleidae, of flatfishes. It includes saltwater and brackish water species in the East Atlantic, ... Jamieson, A.J., and Yancey, P. H. (2012). On the Validity of the Trieste Flatfish: Dispelling the Myth. The Biological Bulletin ...
Symmetry in biology
Head of a male crossbill showing asymmetrical upper and lower beak A winter flounder, a type of flatfish, with both eyes on the ... Friedman, Matt (2008). "The evolutionary origin of flatfish asymmetry". Nature. 454 (7201): 209-212. Bibcode:2008Natur.454.. ...
Turbot (disambiguation)
Turbot is a species of flatfish. Turbot may also refer to: Turbot (business) Turbot Island, a small Irish island Turbot Street ...
Olive flounder
It is often referred to as the Korean flatfish (광어) or Japanese flatfish when mentioned in the context of those countries. It ... This process is typically called the "metamorphosis." The olive flounder is the most common flatfish species raised in ... In 2017 its genome and transcriptome was sequenced as a model to study flatfish asymmetry. The olive flounder is often found in ... Practical Flatfish Culture and Stock Enhancement. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 156-168. doi:10.1002/9780813810997.ch9. ISBN 978-0-8138- ...
Vision in fish
Flatfish are benthic fish with a negative buoyancy so they can rest on the seafloor. Although flatfish are bottom dwellers, ... When flatfish larvae hatch they have the elongated and symmetric shape of a typical bony fish. The larvae do not dwell on the ... Benthic predators, like flatfish, have eyes arranged so they have a binocular view of what is above them as they lie on the ... When the larvae of a flatfish grows, the eye on one side rotates to the other side so the fish can rest on the seafloor. The ...
Amphistium
In a typical modern flatfish, the head is asymmetric with both eyes on one side of the head. In Amphistium, the transition from ... Matt Friedman (2008-07-10). "The evolutionary origin of flatfish asymmetry". Nature. 454 (7201): 209-212. Bibcode:2008Natur.454 ... is a fossil fish which has been identified as a Paleogene relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil. ...
Evolution of fish
Matt Friedman (10 July 2008). "The evolutionary origin of flatfish asymmetry". Nature. 454 (7201): 209-212. Bibcode:2008Natur. ...
Halibut
... other species of large flatfish. The word is derived from haly (holy) and butte (flat fish), for its popularity on Catholic ... The name "halibut" means "holy flatfish". It came from halibut being a popular food fish on holy days in England during early ... Halibut is the common name for three flatfish in the genera Hippoglossus and Reinhardtius from the family of right-eye ... and Arctic Oceans The Atlantic halibut is the world's largest flatfish. The IGFA record was apparently broken off the waters of ...
Yellowtail flounder
It is thinner than other flatfish. The fish's head is approximately a quarter as long as the total body and is scaly. The eye's ... The yellowtail flounder is a wide flatfish with an ovoid body, about half as broad as it is long. The name "yellowtail" comes ... The yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), also known as the rusty dab, is a species of flatfish in the family ...
Joseph Thomas Cunningham
... on the action of light on the coloration of flatfish, Cunningham directed light upon the lower sides of flatfishes by means of ... He discovered that light causes the production of pigments on the lower sides of flatfishes, and gave his results a Lamarckian ... Joseph Thomas Cunningham (1859-1935) was a British marine biologist and zoologist known for his experiments on flatfish and his ... Cunningham, Joseph Thomas (May 1893). "Researches on the Coloration of the Skins of Flat Fishes". Journal of the Marine ...
Lamarckism
Cunningham, Joseph Thomas (May 1893). "Researches on the Coloration of the Skins of Flat Fishes". Journal of the Marine ... "Additional Evidence on the Influence of Light in producing Pigments on the Lower Sides of Flat Fishes" (PDF). Journal of the ... "An Experiment concerning the Absence of Color from the lower Sides of Flat-fishes". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 14: 27-32. ...
New Zealand turbot
Manikiam, J. S. (1969). A guide to the flatfishes (Order Heterosomata) of New Zealand. Tuatara, 17(3), 118Á129. Poortenaar, C. ... Age and growth of two endemic flatfish (Colistium guntheri and C. nudipinnis) in central New Zealand waters. Marine and ...
Plaice (disambiguation)
Plaice is the common name of four species of flatfishes. Plaice or PLAICE may also refer to: USS Plaice (SS-390), a Balao-class ...
New Zealand brill
The New Zealand brill, Colistium guntheri, is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish native to ... Manikiam, John (December 1969). "A Guide to The Flatfishes (Order Heterosomata) of New Zealand". Tuatara: Journal of the ...
Saratoga Passage
Dungeness crab, clams and flatfish are abundant. In the past, strong salmon runs passed through on the way to the rivers on the ...
Flounder11
- Some scientists believe that the finds represent evolutionary transitions from fish with eyes on either side of their heads to flatfish such as the flounder. (icr.org)
- All adult flatfishes--including the gastronomically familiar flounder, plaice, sole, turbot, and halibut--have asymmetrical skulls, with both eyes located on one side of the head. (blogspot.com)
- Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish have 45 milligrams of Cholesterol and 1.93 grams of fat. (freefoodfacts.com)
- 100 grams of Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish contain 70 calories, the 4% of your total daily needs. (freefoodfacts.com)
- An average adult needs 2,000 calories per day, so you may have 70 calories from 100 grams of Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish, the 4% of your total daily needs. (freefoodfacts.com)
- 100 grams of Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish contain 84.6% of water, 84.63 grams. (freefoodfacts.com)
- Some of the vitamins found in Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish are: Vitamin A (33 IU), Vitamin B-9 (5 mg) and Vitamin D (2.8 µg). (freefoodfacts.com)
- 33 IU of Vitamin A can be found on every 100 grams of Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish, the 1% of the total daily recommended Vitamin A intake. (freefoodfacts.com)
- 100 grams of Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish contains 1.13 micrograms of Vitamin B12, that's the 19% of the daily recommended value for an adult. (freefoodfacts.com)
- In 100 grams of Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish, you can find 0.63 milligrams of Vitamin E. It provides the 4% of the daily recommended value for the average adult. (freefoodfacts.com)
- In 100 grams of Flatfish (flounder and sole species) Fish, you can find 0.02 milligrams of Vitamin B-2. (freefoodfacts.com)
Asymmetry3
- The most obvious characteristic of the flatfish is its asymmetry, with both eyes lying on the same side of the head in the adult fish. (wikipedia.org)
- The evolutionary origin of flatfish asymmetry. (icr.org)
- These two fossil fishes "indicate that the evolution of the profound cranial asymmetry of extant flatfishes was gradual in nature. (blogspot.com)
Fossils6
- Evolutionists are praising research recently conducted on flatfish fossils, and one banner publication went a bold step further in claiming that the find contradicts intelligent design and creation arguments. (icr.org)
- National Geographic posted the story 1 based on Chicago paleontologist Matt Friedman's research on the 'incomplete orbital transit' of two flatfish fossils found in northern Italy. (icr.org)
- Minard failed to answer Sherwin's challenge, focusing instead on Friedman's arguments: 'Fossils from excavations in northern Italy and Paris revealed that the intermediate specimens once lived together with flatfishes having both eyes on one side of the skull, [Friedman] said. (icr.org)
- Philosophy of Science Portal: Flatfish fossils fill evolutionary link? (blogspot.com)
- Flatfish fossils fill evolutionary link? (blogspot.com)
- Hidden away in museums for more that 100 years, some recently rediscovered flatfish fossils have filled a puzzling gap in the story of evolution and answered a question that initially stumped even Charles Darwin. (blogspot.com)
Halibut1
- Halibut, sole and other flatfish are household names around the world. (nereusprogram.org)
Species of flatfish1
- Combining this unique tool with other simulation models, Cheung and Oyinlola analyzed the climate risk to 47 species of flatfish from around the world. (nereusprogram.org)
Lures3
- The U20 Flatfish is one of those esteemed lures that everyone owns, uses and has faith in. (yakimabait.com)
- Wordens Original Flatfish lures have been catching fish for over 50 years. (camper1.com)
- Original Flatfish lures feature a built-in diving lip that quickly gets these lures down into the strike zone. (camper1.com)
Fishes3
- Skull of heteronectes chaneti, showing incomplete orbital migration intermediate between generalized fishes and living flatfishes. (blogspot.com)
- What we found was an intermediate stage between living flatfishes and the arrangement found in other fishes," he said. (blogspot.com)
- Citharidae (Lyre Flatfishes) is a family of ray-finned fishes . (eol.org)
Flounders1
- the big flat fish i know are, soles.flounders, a flatfish? (poweraudioas.com)
Shallow2
- Flatfish are shallow water swimmers found in inshore areas such as estuaries, mudflats, and sand flats. (fish.govt.nz)
- FlatFish is a shallow diving plug that produces high action and vibration that attracts fish. (ish2fish.com)
Sole2
- Since you already solved the clue North sea flatfish which had the answer SOLE, you can simply go back at the main post to check the other daily crossword clues. (7littlewordsanswers.com)
- The main objective for the meeting was to review data inputs and assessment methods for several flatfish stocks in the North Sea and English Channel (IV plaice, VIId sole, VIIe sole) and to update Stock Annexes for these stocks (the recipes for conducting assessments to be applied by working groups over the next three to five years). (figshare.com)
Offshore4
- Flatfish move offshore for first spawning at 2-3 years of age during winter and spring. (fish.govt.nz)
- The BPO Flatfish is a versatile and reliable holding prong ideal for use in marine and offshore environments. (fk-marine.com)
- Whether you are working on a ship, an offshore platform, or any other marine environment, the BPO Flatfish is the perfect tool for securing your equipment and ensuring the safety of your crew. (fk-marine.com)
- So if you are looking for a reliable and effective holding prong for your marine or offshore operations, look no further than the BPO Flatfish. (fk-marine.com)
Impacts2
- OCI has also done its part to manage the economic impacts on the flatfish business, having invested substantial amounts of money in its plants, its workers, its technology, trawlers, and marketing and research programs. (oceanchoice.com)
- These less-flexible flatfish fisheries will be more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. (nereusprogram.org)
Habitat1
- Cheung and Oyinlola call for the rebuilding of depleted stocks and enhancing and protecting important flatfish habitat. (nereusprogram.org)
Skull1
- 3 Larval flatfish undergo a unique transformation whereby one eye (and its socket, etc.) migrates over the top of its skull to the other side, so the adults have both eyes on one side of the skull. (icr.org)
Fish10
- A flatfish is a member of the ray-finned demersal fish order Pleuronectiformes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. (wikipedia.org)
- An observation of a flatfish from the Bathyscaphe Trieste at the bottom of the Mariana Trench at a depth of almost 11 km (36,000 ft) has been questioned by fish experts, and recent authorities do not recognize it as valid. (wikipedia.org)
- If they were transitional, they should be in rock layers above regular fish but below flatfish. (icr.org)
- Over the past couple of years OCI has consulted with employees and the Fish, Food and Allied Workers Union (FFAW) as well as the provincial government around the conditions that would allow them to continue to operate their flatfish business on the Burin Peninsula for the long-term. (oceanchoice.com)
- This added to the strengthening of the Canadian currency which nets less dollars for OCI fish sales around the world, rising fuel prices, and increasing operational costs, makes it impossible for OCI to make the flatfish business profitable as it is today. (oceanchoice.com)
- In fact, aligned efforts from all stakeholders to change the flatfish business model to make the business more viable also presents the opportunity for significant increased jobs at sea to meet the demand for yellowtail fish. (oceanchoice.com)
- Most flatfish aquaculture occurs in net-cages, so those fish are still susceptible to changes in their natural environment. (nereusprogram.org)
- Flatfish are just one example, but other fish will follow similar patterns. (nereusprogram.org)
- No matter where you are fishing, or what you are fishing for, the Flatfish will simply catch fish. (camper1.com)
- The wide wobble, side to side motion of the Flatfish drives fish nuts. (camper1.com)
Island Designs4
- I love looking through the Flatfish Island Designs website and dreaming of building a new home! (houseofturquoise.com)
- All e-mails will come from Flatfish Island Designs. (flatfishislanddesigns.com)
- We created Flatfish Island Designs as a way to provide well-designed homes by Charleston's top architects and designers at affordable prices. (flatfishislanddesigns.com)
- How much will it cost me to build a Flatfish Island Designs Home Plan? (flatfishislanddesigns.com)
Oceans1
- Flatfishes are found in oceans worldwide, ranging from the Arctic, through the tropics, to Antarctica. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
- In a paper published in early July, Nereus Science Director Dr. William Cheung and PhD Fellow Dr. Muhammed Oyinlola found that climate change will drastically reduce flatfish numbers and alter species distributions by hundreds of kilometers by the end of the century. (nereusprogram.org)
Years1
- Years later, imported flatfish is available for overnight delivery. (brownetrading.com)
Intermediate1
- It is also possible that there were no intermediate versions at all, just extinct variations within the created flatfish kind. (icr.org)
Change4
- Some flatfishes are also able to change their pigmentation to match the background, in a manner similar to some cephalopods. (wikipedia.org)
- Not having turned a profit at the Marystown plant since 2007, however, OCI can no longer sustain continued loss, contributing another reason why the flatfish business must change. (oceanchoice.com)
- If ocean conditions change, the habitats for flatfish aquaculture will also be affected. (nereusprogram.org)
- Our findings on flatfish can be used as a window to see how other fisheries will be influenced by climate change," Cheung said. (nereusprogram.org)
Include1
- For bright conditions a few of the best Flatfish colors include the Double Trouble, California Watermelon, Metallic Silver/Chartreuse and Metallic Silver Red Spot. (yakimabait.com)
Website1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Flatfishes" by people in this website by year, and whether "Flatfishes" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Nature2
- In Nature , Freidman refers to 'the sudden appearance of anatomically modern pleuronectiform [flatfish] groups in the Palaeogene period. (icr.org)
- Because of the limited nature of the documents we provide, the process of designing and constructing a home using Flatfish as your designer is more of a builder-driven process than an architect-driven process, where your builder is involved early and throughout design and construction - to provide feedback and coordination regarding materials, systems, details and overall pricing direction. (flatfishislanddesigns.com)
Find1
- Want to find out more about Flatfish? (flatfish-ltd.co.uk)
Ocean2
- Some flatfish can camouflage themselves on the ocean floor. (wikipedia.org)
- Ocean Choice International (OCI) is looking for a way forward in a challenging flatfish business because they believe in it. (oceanchoice.com)
Review2
- The taxonomy of some groups is in need of a review, as the last monograph covering the entire order was John Roxborough Norman's Monograph of the Flatfishes published in 1934. (wikipedia.org)
- This is a part of the company's strategic review of their flatfish business in an effort to manage the business without a loss and, ultimately, make it sustainable for the future. (oceanchoice.com)
Water2
- Back-trolling in rivers with plugs is the practice of holding a boat steady in flowing water while allowing plugs like the U20 Flatfish to trail downstream of the boat. (yakimabait.com)
- Four adult men fell into an artificial lake which was being used to raise flatfish, after a water pipe had been connected to a tube allowing seawater to flow into the lake. (who.int)
Additional1
- Are there any additional photos of Flatfish Island Home Plans? (flatfishislanddesigns.com)
Global2
- Annual global catches of these flatfish have dropped from three million tons in the 1970's to two million tons in the 2000s, mainly due to overfishing and management interventions. (nereusprogram.org)
- If we continue with business as usual, we will experience a 20% decrease in global flatfish catches by the end of the century," Cheung said. (nereusprogram.org)
Type1
- Higher tubes of the qualitative download flatfishes : biology concert type, for License, may make minds to both example more basic way and rule more not. (kilroy.aero)
Areas1
- Because temperatures fluctuate less in the tropics and the poles than they do in temperate areas, flatfish that live in the very high or very low latitudes tend to have narrower temperature ranges in which they can survive. (nereusprogram.org)
Produce2
- This remarkable arrangement arises during the youth of every flatfish, where the symmetrical larva undergoes a metamorphosis to produce an asymmetrical juvenile. (blogspot.com)
- FlatFish produce a wide, strike-producing wiggle when trolled or reeled at slow speed. (ish2fish.com)
Business7
- We believe in the flatfish business. (oceanchoice.com)
- we just need to bring all other parts of the equation in line so that the flatfish business can be economically viable," said Blaine Sullivan, Chief Operating Officer of OCI. (oceanchoice.com)
- We are encouraged by the opportunity we believe the future holds for the flatfish business. (oceanchoice.com)
- But this future only can be achieved if there is a cumulative effort from our company, employees, the union and the provincial government to look at the flatfish business today, acknowledge the business model doesn't work anymore, and allow us to be competitive in the market. (oceanchoice.com)
- This divide means heavy losses for those operating flatfish business out of the Burin Peninsula, historically causing companies like FPI to close their flatfish business. (oceanchoice.com)
- The development of a strong flatfish business plan and the realization of the opportunity that lies ahead in the flatfish business requires all stakeholders to work together with a common plan. (oceanchoice.com)
- OCI looks for the commitment from employees, the union and the provincial government for a resolution, as they strive to overcome the many challenges facing them in the flatfish business. (oceanchoice.com)
Wide1
- While Flatfish are produced in 14 different sizes, the U20 is hands down the most popular size among river steelhead fishermen who covet this lure for it's wide wobble, hunting action and sonic thump. (yakimabait.com)
Click1
- In local download flatfishes : biology and it is from annual covenant and Click. (kilroy.aero)
General1
- In general, flatfishes rely on their camouflage for avoiding predators, but some have aposematic traits such as conspicuous eyespots (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Eyes1
- In some families, the eyes are usually on the right side of the body (dextral or right-eyed flatfish), and in others, they are usually on the left (sinistral or left-eyed flatfish). (wikipedia.org)
Submit1
- The download flatfishes : toward more non-invasive electroencephalogram classrooms to submit with such guardians Provides a excellent research to establishment, but the area Examines used by corporate Theory population and the forms it allows. (kilroy.aero)
Families1
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Leader1
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