Harderian Gland
Lacrimal Apparatus
Porphyrins
Chloroprene
Glyceryl Ethers
Armadillos
Mesocricetus
Reptiles
Pentanes
Hyperprolactinemia
High frequency of codon 61 K-ras A-->T transversions in lung and Harderian gland neoplasms of B6C3F1 mice exposed to chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) for 2 years, and comparisons with the structurally related chemicals isoprene and 1,3-butadiene. (1/120)
Chloroprene is the 2-chloro analog of 1,3-butadiene, a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals. Following 2 years of inhalation exposure to 12.8, 32 or 80 p.p.m. chloroprene, increased incidences of lung and Harderian gland (HG) neoplasms were observed in B6C3F1 mice at all exposure concentrations. The present study was designed to characterize genetic alterations in the K- and H-ras proto-oncogenes in chloroprene-induced lung and HG neoplasms. K-ras mutations were detected in 80% of chloroprene-induced lung neoplasms (37/46) compared with only 30% in spontaneous lung neoplasms (25/82). Both K- and H-ras codon 61 A-->T transversions were identified in 100% of HG neoplasms (27/27) compared with a frequency of 56% (15/27) in spontaneous HG neoplasms. The predominant mutation in chloroprene-induced lung and HG neoplasms was an A-->T transversion at K-ras codon 61. This mutation has not been detected in spontaneous lung tumors of B6C3F1 mice and was identified in only 7% of spontaneous HG neoplasms. In lung neoplasms, greater percentages (80 and 71%) of A-->T transversions were observed at the lower exposures (12.8 and 32 p.p.m.), respectively, compared with 18% at the high exposure. In HG neoplasms, the percentage of A-->T transversions was the same at all exposure concentrations. The chloroprene-induced ras mutation spectra was similar to that seen with isoprene, where the predominant base change was an A-->T transversion at K-ras codon 61. This differed from 1,3-butadiene, where K-ras codon 13 G-->C transitions and H-ras codon 61 A-->G transitions were the predominant mutations. The major finding of K-ras A-->T transversions in lung and Harderian gland neoplasms suggests that this mutation may be important for tumor induction by this class of carcinogens. (+info)Bacterial conjunctivitis in Muc1 null mice. (2/120)
PURPOSE: In contrast to wild-type mice, genetically engineered Mucin1 (Muc1) null animals display a marked propensity for development of blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Molecular approaches confirmed the presence of Muc1 mRNA and protein in the conjunctival tissue of wild-type mice and identified the bacterial species in Muc1 null symptomatic mice. METHODS: Muc1 null animals housed in a conventional facility were examined for visually apparent inflammation of the eye and surrounding tissue. Blood taken from overtly affected animals was assayed for antibodies to common murine viral agents. Swabs of infected eyes and whole eye preparations were used to detect and speciate bacterial pathogens. Frozen sections of whole eye, lid margin, and Harderian gland were immunostained with antibodies to Muc1 and cytokeratin 14, both epithelial cell markers. Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed on RNA isolated from conjunctiva and Harderian gland of wild-type mice to compare relative levels of transcript. RESULTS: Student's unpaired t-test performed on the eye inflammation frequency of Muc1 null mice confirmed a statistical significance (P < 0.01) when compared to wild-type background animals housed in the same room. Analysis of blood samples from affected Muc1 null animals detected no common murine viral pathogens. Bacterial analysis of conjunctival swabs and whole eye preparations demonstrated the presence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus type alpha, and Corynebacterium group G2. Muc1 antibody staining of wild-type sections revealed the presence of Muc1 on conjunctival goblet and non-goblet cells and on the epithelium of the Harderian gland. Serial sections stained with cytokeratin 14 antibody confirmed the epithelial nature of cells expressing the Muc1 protein. RNA from conjunctiva and Harderian gland subjected to RT-PCR and northern blot analysis showed an abundance of Muc1 transcript in these tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Muc1 mRNA and protein are present in murine conjunctival and Harderian gland epithelia. Animals lacking Muc1 mRNA and protein are predisposed to developing eye inflammation when compared to wild-type animals with an intact Muc1 gene. Muc1 appears to play a critical protective role at the ocular surface, presumably by acting as a barrier to infection by certain bacterial strains. (+info)A parasympathetic ganglion innervating the harderian gland and lacrimal gland of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus): fluorescent tracing and immunohistochemical studies. (3/120)
A small ganglion, named the peri-trigeminal ganglion (PTG), was found in the ventromedial border of the rostral half of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus). In frontal sections, the PTG was semicircular or elliptical in shape. Most of the neurons constituting this ganglion were round in shape and much smaller than those of the TG. The retrograde fluorescent tracer fluoro-gold was injected into various regions of the face in order to investigate innervation by the PTG neurons. When the tracer was injected subcutaneously around the external acoustic meatus and around the circumference of the orbit, a number of labeled neurons were seen not only in the TG but also in the PTG. After applying the tracer to the lacrimal gland (LG) and the harderian gland (HG), numerous labeled neurons were detected only in the PTG. A few labeled neurons were found in the PTG after injection into the palatoglossal arch. Immunohistochemically, most of the neurons constituting the PTG were positive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antiserum. And a moderate number of somatostatin (SOM)-immunoreactive neurons and a small number of leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK)-immunoreactive neurons were detected. Numerous substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers and varicosities were found in the PTG, and fewer L-ENK-, SOM- and VIP-immunoreactive fibers were observed. The present results suggest that the PTG is an autonomic ganglion that resembles in part the pterygopalatine ganglion in other species, and mainly innervates the HG and LG. (+info)Immunohistochemical characterisation of epithelial cells of rodent harderian glands in primary culture. (4/120)
The aims of the current investigation were (1) to establish an efficient procedure for the isolation of rodent harderian gland cells and to define conditions for maintenance of viable differentiated cells; (2) to compare the in vitro growth pattern of cultured epithelial cells; and (3) to characterise the cultured epithelial cells from 3 rodent species: Wistar rats, Syrian hamsters and Djungarian hamsters. We have established primary culture conditions that permit the maintenance of viable and differentiated secretory cells from adult rodent harderian gland. This study demonstrates that the cell growth pattern is faster in hamsters than in rats and despite morphological changes, epithelial cells reestablish their distinctive (biochemical/metabolic) phenotype as indicated by lipid-containing vacuoles, porphyrin pigment and serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase labelling. (+info)Isolation and characterization of protoporphyrin glycoconjugates from rat harderian gland by HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and HPLC/electrospray ionization MS. (5/120)
It has been widely reported that the Harderian gland, present in most vertebrates, accumulates high levels of porphyrins, particularly protoporphyrin. The present study describes the extraction, identification and characterization of a group of hitherto unreported protoporphyrin glycoconjugates in the rat Harderian gland using HPLC, capillary electrophoresis, on-line HPLC/electrospray ionization MS and tandem MS. The major glycoconjugate was identified as protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl beta-xyloside with a smaller amount of protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl beta-glucoside also detected. In the Harderian glands studied, 50-70% of the porphyrins present were in the form of protoporphyrin glycoconjugates. This is the first reported occurrence of glycoconjugates of porphyrins in Nature and suggests that previous studies have wrongly identified the major porphyrin in the Harderian gland as the unconjugated protoporphyrin. (+info)Chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of 3-chloro-2-methylpropene in BDF1 mice. (6/120)
Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of 3-chloro-2-methylpropene (CMP), which has been widely used as an insecticide and chemical intermediate, were carried out in BDF1 mice. CMP was administered to mice in groups of 50 male and 50 female mice by the inhalation route 5 days per week for 104 weeks at doses of 0, 50, 100 or 200 ppm. Male and female mice in the CMP-exposed groups had decreased body weight but no noticeable clinical signs when compared with the control group. Dose-related increases in the incidences of gastric mucosal hyperplasia and squamous cell papilloma were observed in both sexes, and squamous cell carcinoma was observed in only one male mouse in the 100 ppm group. An increased incidence of Harderian gland adenoma in female mice was also recognized. In the nasal cavity, eosinophilic exudate associated with atrophy of olfactory epithelia, respiratory metaplasia of olfactory epithelia and olfactory gland, and eosinophilic changes in respiratory and olfactory epithelia were increased in both sexes. (+info)Endogenous and ectopic gland induction by FGF-10. (7/120)
FGF-10, a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, is expressed in mesodermally derived cell populations during embryogenesis. During normal ocular development, FGF-10 is expressed in the perioptic mesenchyme adjacent to the Harderian and lacrimal gland primordia. In this report, we provide evidence that FGF-10 is both necessary and sufficient to initiate glandular morphogenesis. Lens-specific expression of FGF-10 was sufficient to induce ectopic ocular glands within the cornea. In addition, lacrimal and Harderian glands were not seen in FGF-10 null fetuses. Based on these results we propose that FGF-10 is an inductive signal that initiates ocular gland morphogenesis. (+info)Investigation of the role of prolactin in the development and function of the lacrimal and harderian glands using genetically modified mice. (8/120)
PURPOSE: To determine whether prolactin receptor is essential for normal development and function of the lacrimal gland and whether hyperprolactinemia can alter lacrimal development. METHODS: Lacrimal gland morphology and function were examined in two genetic mouse models of prolactin action: a prolactin receptor knockout model that is devoid of prolactin action and a transgenic model of hyperprolactinemia. RESULTS: Image analysis of lacrimal and Harderian gland sections was used to quantify glandular morphology. In females, lacrimal acinar area decreased by 30% and acinar cell density increased by 25% over control subjects in prolactin transgenic animals, but prolactin receptor knockout mice showed no changes. In males, transgenic animals showed no changes, but prolactin receptor knockout mice showed a 5% reduction in acinar area and an 11% increase in acinar cell density, which was lost after castration. The morphology of the Harderian glands underwent parallel changes but to a lesser degree. A complete loss of porphyrin accretions was seen in the Harderian glands of male and female knockout animals. No differences in tear protein levels were seen in knockout animals by two-dimensional gels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis showed that the level of secretory component and IgA in knockout mouse tears remained unchanged. There was no change in the predisposition of the 129 mouse strain to conjunctivitis in the knockout animals. CONCLUSIONS: Prolactin plays a small role in establishing the sexual dimorphism of male lacrimal glands. In females, hyperprolactinemia causes a hyperfemale morphology, suggesting a role in dry eye syndromes. Prolactin is required for porphyrin secretion by the Harderian gland but plays no essential role in the secretory immune function of the lacrimal gland. (+info)The Harderian gland is a specialized exocrine gland located in many vertebrate species, including birds and mammals. In humans, it is rudimentary and not fully developed. However, in other animals like rodents, lagomorphs (rabbits and hares), and some reptiles, this gland plays a significant role.
The Harderian gland is primarily responsible for producing and secreting lipids, which help to lubricate the eye's surface and the nictitating membrane (third eyelid). This lubrication ensures that the eyes remain moist and protected from dryness and external irritants. Additionally, the secretions of the Harderian gland contain immunoglobulins, which contribute to the animal's immune defense system by providing protection against pathogens.
In some animals, the Harderian gland also has a role in pheromone production and communication. The study and understanding of this gland are particularly important in toxicological research, as it is often used as an indicator of environmental pollutant exposure and their effects on wildlife.
The lacrimal apparatus is a complex system in the eye that produces, stores, and drains tears. It consists of several components including:
1. Lacrimal glands: These are located in the upper outer part of the eyelid and produce tears to keep the eye surface moist and protected from external agents.
2. Tear ducts (lacrimal canaliculi): These are small tubes that drain tears from the surface of the eye into the lacrimal sac.
3. Lacrimal sac: This is a small pouch-like structure located in the inner part of the eyelid, which collects tears from the tear ducts and drains them into the nasolacrimal duct.
4. Nasolacrimal duct: This is a tube that runs from the lacrimal sac to the nose and drains tears into the nasal cavity.
The lacrimal apparatus helps maintain the health and comfort of the eye by keeping it lubricated, protecting it from infection, and removing any foreign particles or debris.
Dacryocystitis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the lacrimal sac, which is a small sac-like structure located in the inner corner of the eye near the nose. The lacrimal sac is responsible for draining tears from the eye into the nasal cavity.
Dacryocystitis can occur as a result of an infection or obstruction in the tear drainage system, leading to the accumulation of tears and other debris in the lacrimal sac. This can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and tenderness in the affected area, as well as discharge from the eye or nose.
In some cases, dacryocystitis may be treated with antibiotics to clear up any infection. In more severe cases, surgery may be required to remove any blockages and improve tear drainage. If left untreated, dacryocystitis can lead to complications such as the formation of an abscess or damage to the eye.
Porphyrins are complex organic compounds that contain four pyrrole rings joined together by methine bridges (=CH-). They play a crucial role in the biochemistry of many organisms, as they form the core structure of various heme proteins and other metalloproteins. Some examples of these proteins include hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and catalases, which are involved in essential processes such as oxygen transport, electron transfer, and oxidative metabolism.
In the human body, porphyrins are synthesized through a series of enzymatic reactions known as the heme biosynthesis pathway. Disruptions in this pathway can lead to an accumulation of porphyrins or their precursors, resulting in various medical conditions called porphyrias. These disorders can manifest as neurological symptoms, skin lesions, and gastrointestinal issues, depending on the specific type of porphyria and the site of enzyme deficiency.
It is important to note that while porphyrins are essential for life, their accumulation in excessive amounts or at inappropriate locations can result in pathological conditions. Therefore, understanding the regulation and function of porphyrin metabolism is crucial for diagnosing and managing porphyrias and other related disorders.
Chloroprene is a colorless liquid with a mild, rubbery odor. It is chemically known as 2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene and is primarily used in the industrial production of polychloroprene, a type of synthetic rubber that is resistant to heat, oil, and weathering.
In a medical context, chloroprene itself is not commonly used or encountered. However, exposure to chloroprene during its manufacture or use in industrial settings has been associated with an increased risk of certain health effects, including neurological damage, liver toxicity, and cancer. Therefore, occupational safety regulations exist to limit worker exposure to this chemical.
Glyceryl ethers, also known as glycerol ethers or alkyl glycosides, are a class of compounds formed by the reaction between glycerol and alcohols. In the context of medical definitions, glyceryl ethers may refer to a group of naturally occurring compounds found in some organisms, including humans.
These compounds are characterized by an ether linkage between the glycerol molecule and one or more alkyl chains, which can vary in length. Glyceryl ethers have been identified as components of various biological tissues, such as lipid fractions of human blood and lung surfactant.
In some cases, glyceryl ethers may also be used as pharmaceutical excipients or drug delivery systems due to their unique physicochemical properties. For example, they can enhance the solubility and bioavailability of certain drugs, making them useful in formulation development. However, it is important to note that specific medical applications and uses of glyceryl ethers may vary depending on the particular compound and its properties.
An armadillo is not a medical condition or term. It is a type of mammal that is native to the Americas, known for its distinctive armor-like shell. If you have any questions about a specific medical condition or topic, I would be happy to help if you could provide more information.
"Mesocricetus" is a genus of rodents, more commonly known as hamsters. It includes several species of hamsters that are native to various parts of Europe and Asia. The best-known member of this genus is the Syrian hamster, also known as the golden hamster or Mesocricetus auratus, which is a popular pet due to its small size and relatively easy care. These hamsters are burrowing animals and are typically solitary in the wild.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Reptiles" is not a medical term. It is a term used in biology to describe a class of cold-blooded, scaly-skinned animals that include snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, turtles, and tortoises. They are characterized by having lungs for breathing, laying eggs on land, and having a three-chambered heart. If you have any medical questions or terms, I'd be happy to help clarify those!
Butyrophenones are a group of synthetic antipsychotic drugs that are primarily used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. They act as dopamine receptor antagonists, which means they block the action of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain associated with mood, motivation, and pleasure.
Some examples of butyrophenones include haloperidol, droperidol, and benperidol. These drugs are known for their potent antipsychotic effects and can also be used to manage agitation, aggression, and other behavioral disturbances in patients with various psychiatric and neurological disorders.
In addition to their antipsychotic properties, butyrophenones have been used off-label for their sedative and analgesic effects. However, they are associated with a range of side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as involuntary muscle spasms and tremors, as well as other neurological and cardiovascular adverse reactions. Therefore, their use is typically reserved for cases where other treatments have been ineffective or contraindicated.
In medical terms, the orbit refers to the bony cavity or socket in the skull that contains and protects the eye (eyeball) and its associated structures, including muscles, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and the lacrimal gland. The orbit is made up of several bones: the frontal bone, sphenoid bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla bone, and palatine bone. These bones form a pyramid-like shape that provides protection for the eye while also allowing for a range of movements.
In medical terms, "tears" are a clear, salty liquid that is produced by the tear glands (lacrimal glands) in our eyes. They serve to keep the eyes moist, protect against dust and other foreign particles, and help to provide clear vision by maintaining a smooth surface on the front of the eye. Tears consist of water, oil, and mucus, which help to prevent evaporation and ensure that the tears spread evenly across the surface of the eye. Emotional or reflexive responses, such as crying or yawning, can also stimulate the production of tears.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pentanes" is not a medical term. It is a chemical term that refers to a group of five-carbon alkane hydrocarbons, including n-pentane and iso-pentane. These substances can be used in medical settings as anesthetics or for medical research, but "Pentanes" itself does not have a specific medical definition.
Hyperprolactinemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. In women, this can lead to menstrual irregularities, milk production outside of pregnancy (galactorrhea), and infertility. In men, it can cause decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, breast enlargement (gynecomastia), and infertility. The condition can be caused by various factors, including pituitary tumors, certain medications, and hypothyroidism. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include medication to lower prolactin levels.
Harderian gland
Evidence of common descent
Mammaliaformes
Avian immune system
Tears
Euchambersia
Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
Murine coronavirus
Rat coronavirus
Elephant
Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase
Hair
Diamondback terrapin
Manuel Álvarez-Uría
Campbell's dwarf hamster
Diepoxybutane
Cynodont
Cherry eye
Bird vision
Health threat from cosmic rays
Radiobiology evidence for protons and HZE nuclei
Musk xylene
History of coronavirus
Infectious bursal disease
White-crowned parrot
Synapsid
Evolution of mammals
Harderian gland - Wikipedia
Harderian gland - Infiltration Cellular, Mononuclear Cell - Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
Mouse BLC Harderian gland Frozen Sections | MF-110-BLC | ZYAGEN
Harderian gland pathology in transgenic mice carrying the MMTV/v-Ha-ras gene - PubMed
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: Rat Embedding Suggestions
Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens | Environmental Health Perspectives | Vol. 113, No. 9
Model Details
Lacrimal gland - Inflammation - Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
Euchambersia - Wikipedia
Biomarkers Search
Methylene chloride (EHC 32, 1984, 1st edition)
Gerbils - Exotic and Laboratory Animals - Merck Veterinary Manual
lens nucleus - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database
lens fiber - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database
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Respiratory System - Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats - NCBI Bookshelf
Environmental Health Perspectives | Vol. 86, No.
Tumors4
- Mice and rats that breathed 1,2-dichloropropane developed respiratory tract cancer and tumors in the Harderian gland and spleen. (cdc.gov)
- Butadiene induced dose related increases in the incidence of lymphoma, heart hemangiosarcomas, and lung, liver, forestomach, and Harderian tumors in both male and female mice. (cdc.gov)
- Male mice also developed tumors of the preputial gland. (cdc.gov)
- There is sufficient evidence from laboratory studies to conclude that RF can cause tumors in experimental animals with strong findings for gliomas, heart Schwannomas and adrenal pheochomocytomas in male rats and harderian gland tumors in male mice and uterine polyps in female mice. (emraustralia.com.au)
Secretions2
- The secretions of these glands contain porphyrin which accumulates near nostrils and eyes causing irritation. (homepethelp.com)
- 1990). Lipids in the Rathke's gland secretions of hatchling Kemp's Ridley sea turtles ( Lepidochelys kempi ). (oregonstate.edu)
Adrenal1
- A considerable uptake of the compounds was seen in the lungs, kidney, liver, bone marrow, urinary bladder, gastrointestinal tract and in various glands e.g. adrenal, Harderian and salivary glands. (erowid.org)
Lacrimal gland4
- In some animals, it acts as an accessory to the lacrimal gland, secreting fluid that eases movement of the nictitating membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- The direct effects of Reb on the lacrimal glands were analyzed using cultured lacrimal gland cells. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
- In addition to the therapeutic effect of Reb treatment on keratoconjunctivitis, severe inflammatory lesions of intraorbital lacrimal gland tissues in this model of SS were resolved. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
- Moreover, lactoferrin production from lacrimal gland cells was restored by Reb treatment. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Digestive tract1
- Morpho-histological study of the digestive tract and the annex glands of CHINCHILLA LANIGER. (chinchilla-scientia.com)
Spleen1
- Meanwhile reactions on trachea, proventriculus, spleen and Harderian gland were almost identical. (nexusacademicpublishers.com)
Secretes3
- The gland can be compound tubular or compound tubuloalveolar, and the fluid it secretes (mucous, serous or lipid) varies between different groups of animals. (wikipedia.org)
- In mammals, the gland secretes an oily substance used to preen the fur. (wikipedia.org)
- The Harderian gland, which lies behind the rat's eyeball, secretes a reddish-brown substance that lubricates the eye and eyelids. (msdvetmanual.com)
Ductal1
- Regeneration can occur in some simple glands by proliferation and differentiation of ductal cells. (iastate.edu)
Lachrymal2
- He documented his findings in a paper titled Glandula nova lachrymalis una cum ductu excretorio in cervis et damis, ("A new lachrymal gland with an excretory duct in red and fallow deer", English translation). (wikipedia.org)
- The primary site of virus replication is believed to be in the nasal mucous glands or the lachrymal or Harderian glands. (iastate.edu)
Nictitating membrane2
- The Harderian gland is a gland found within the eye's orbit that occurs in tetrapods (reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals) that possess a nictitating membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- This lower lobe, also know as the deep gland of the nictitating membrane, can prolapse, similar to a "cherry eye" in a dog (Figure 8.2). (descarga.nu)
Male and fe1
- Both male and female glands showed a moderate/intense AD-positive reaction. (uthscsa.edu)
Found1
- MAO activity found in the hamster Harderian glands corresponded mainly to MAO type A since treatment with chlorgyline (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mm) totally inhibited it. (uthscsa.edu)
Small1
- It also covers a Harderian gland which has a small, white upper lobe and a larger, pink lower lobe. (descarga.nu)
Eyes3
- Both these conditions cause hypersecretion of Harderian glands (located in eyes). (homepethelp.com)
- Their eyes bulge due to the presence of the harderian gland behind each eye. (adelaidevet.com.au)
- Porphyrin stains (a secretion with a red pigment from a Harderian Gland) around the nose or eyes. (smallpetselect.com)
Presence1
- The presence or absence of this gland is one of the cues used by palaeontologists to determine when fur evolved in the ancestors of mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Lacrimal9
- In some animals, it acts as an accessory to the lacrimal gland, secreting fluid that eases movement of the nictitating membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- 1999. Salivary, Harderian, and lacrimal glands. (nih.gov)
- 1988. Cytomegalic changes and "inclusions" in lacrimal glands of laboratory rats. (nih.gov)
- Nonneoplastic and neoplastic changes in the Harderian and lacrimal glands. (nih.gov)
- Lacrimal gland inflammation in rats and mice can result from various causes, including retrobulbar bleeding trauma, infectious agents such as sialodacryoadenitis virus in rats, and autoimmune disease. (nih.gov)
- Lacrimal gland inflammation should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade whenever present. (nih.gov)
- 1989. Sequential changes in the Harderian and exorbital lacrimal glands in Wistar rats infected with sialodacryoadenitis virus. (nih.gov)
- Human tears are produced by the lacrimal gland, which is located above the outer corner of the eye. (squishface.com)
- An animal can produce tears if its eyes are outfitted with lacrimal glands. (nerdist.com)
Adenoma2
- The range of pathology observed in the Harderian glands of these transgenic mice was similar to that which arises spontaneously, although hyperplasia, and not adenoma, occurred in these mice as the benign tumor. (nih.gov)
- termFormat EnglishLanguage MPATH--306 "signet ring cell carcinoma") (subclass MPATH--361 MPATH--358) (subclass MPATH--42 MPATH--33) (subclass MPATH--196 MPATH--194) (subclass MPATH--163 MPATH--162) (termFormat EnglishLanguage MPATH--226 "eccrine gland adenoma") (termFormat EnglishLanguage MPATH--33 "intracellular and extracellular accumulation") (documentation Smo-Subset EnglishLanguage "Subset of OBO terms from the ontology. (ontologyportal.org)
Forestomach1
- Butadiene induced dose related increases in the incidence of lymphoma, heart hemangiosarcomas, and lung, liver, forestomach, and Harderian tumors in both male and female mice. (cdc.gov)
Preputial Gland1
- Male mice also developed tumors of the preputial gland. (cdc.gov)
Infiltration Cellular1
- Harderian gland - Infiltration cellular, Mononuclear cell in a female B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
Located behind the eyeball1
- Dogs' tears are produced by the Harderian gland, which is located behind the eyeball. (squishface.com)
Duct3
- He documented his findings in a paper titled Glandula nova lachrymalis una cum ductu excretorio in cervis et damis, ("A new lachrymal gland with an excretory duct in red and fallow deer", English translation). (wikipedia.org)
- The location of the inflammation within the gland (acini or duct) should be indicated in the pathology narrative. (nih.gov)
- Surgical removal of the damaged gland and duct is the treatment of choice. (surgeryvet.com)
Salivary3
- Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland in a Chinchilla (Chinchilla Lanigera). (chinchilla-scientia.com)
- A sialocele is a cyst filled with a collection of mucoid saliva in the tissues surrounding a salivary gland. (surgeryvet.com)
- 1 The most commonly affected salivary glands are the large ones under the jaw, called the mandibular salivary glands. (surgeryvet.com)
Tumor1
- Twenty-four Harderian glands from 16 transgenic mice carrying a v-Ha-ras gene under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter were examined histologically upon death of the animals. (nih.gov)
Alveoli2
Carcinoma1
- Four additional glands showed predominantly hyperplasia, but also contained foci of dysplasia and in situ carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Hemorrhage2
Spleen1
- These immune cells migrate to other areas in the body, including the Harderian gland, spleen, and bone marrow. (carminefeed.com)
Interstitium1
- Small focal clusters of inflammatory cells in the interstitium are common incidental findings in the Harderian gland of rats and mice. (nih.gov)
MMTV1
- Histopathological features of the Harderian glands in transgenic mice carrying MMTV/N-ras protooncogene. (nih.gov)
Preen2
- In mammals, the gland secretes an oily substance used to preen the fur. (wikipedia.org)
- Referred to as the "preen" gland, it exudes a fatty, waxy substance. (blogpamelaclarkonline.com)
Adenocarcinoma1
- One gland contained an adenocarcinoma. (nih.gov)
Mice1
- NDF/heregulin induces persistence of terminal end buds and adenocarcinomas in the mammary glands of transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
Rats1
- Harderian Gland of Wistar Rats Revised[permanent dead link] by Edmyr Rosa dos Reis, et al. (wikipedia.org)
Produces1
- this gland produces a lipid and red porphyrin-rich secretion. (crestwoodvethospital.com)
Severity2
Tongue1
- The sublingual glands located under the tongue can also be affected. (surgeryvet.com)
Compound1
- The gland can be compound tubular or compound tubuloalveolar, and the fluid it secretes (mucous, serous or lipid) varies between different groups of animals. (wikipedia.org)
Eyes1
- Their eyes bulge due to the presence of the harderian gland behind each eye. (vetwest.com.au)
Figure2
- Figure 1 Harderian gland - Cyst in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
- Harderian gland cysts are large, widely distended, single to multiloculated spaces (Figure 1 and Figure 2) lined by flattened epithelium and fil ed with variable amounts of pale amorphous secretory material. (nih.gov)
Large1
- Gerbils have a large, ventral abdominal marking gland that is androgen dependent. (merckvetmanual.com)
Additional1
- Birds also have an additional structure around the retina, called the Harderian gland. (blogpamelaclarkonline.com)
Mouse1
- The Harderian gland in autoimmune diabetes of the nonobese diabetic mouse. (nih.gov)
Cells1
- Focal interstitial clusters of mononuclear cells (arrows) in the Harderian gland. (nih.gov)
Study1
- Morpho-histological study of the digestive tract and the annex glands of CHINCHILLA LANIGER. (chinchilla-scientia.com)