Buttocks
Hip Joint
Encyclopedias as Topic
Hip
Acetabulum
Obturator internus muscle abscess in children: report of seven cases and review. (1/587)
Obturator internus muscle (OIM) abscess is an uncommon entity often mistaken for septic arthritis of the hip. We describe seven children with OIM abscess and review seven previously reported cases. The most common presenting symptoms were hip or thigh pain (14 patients), fever (13), and limp (13). The hip was flexed, abducted, and externally rotated in 11 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) were diagnostic for OIM abscess in the 14 patients. Associated abscesses were located in the obturator externus muscle (5 patients), psoas muscle (2), and iliac muscle (1). The etiologic agents were Staphylococcus aureus (8 patients), Streptococcus pyogenes (2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2), and Enterococcus faecalis (1). Three patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous drainage, and three had surgical drainage. Three patients had ischial osteomyelitis in addition to OIM abscess. The 11 children with uncomplicated OIM abscess were treated for a median of 28 days. All patients had an uneventful recovery. (+info)Neonatal examination and screening trial (NEST): a randomised, controlled, switchback trial of alternative policies for low risk infants. (2/587)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of one rather than two hospital neonatal examinations in detection of abnormalities. DESIGN: Randomised controlled switchback trial. SETTING: Postnatal wards in a teaching hospital in north east Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: All infants delivered at the hospital between March 1993 and February 1995. INTERVENTION: A policy of one neonatal screening examination compared with a policy of two. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Congenital conditions diagnosed in hospital; results of community health assessments at 8 weeks and 8 months; outpatient referrals; inpatient admissions; use of general practioner services; focused analysis of outcomes for suspected hip and heart abnormalities. RESULTS: 4835 babies were allocated to receive one screening examination (one screen policy) and 4877 to receive two (two screen policy). More congenital conditions were suspected at discharge among babies examined twice (9.9 v 8.3 diagnoses per 100 babies; 95% confidence interval for difference 0.3 to 2.7). There was no overall significant difference between the groups in use of community, outpatient, or inpatient resources or in health care received. Although more babies who were examined twice attended orthopaedic outpatient clinics (340 (7%) v 289 (6%)), particularly for suspected congenital dislocation of the hip (176 (3.6/100 babies) v 137 (2.8/100 babies); difference -0.8; -1.5 to 0.1), there was no significant difference in the number of babies who required active management (12 (0.2%) v 15 (0.3%)). CONCLUSIONS: Despite more suspected abnormalities, there was no evidence of net health gain from a policy of two hospital neonatal examinations. Adoption of a single examination policy would save resources both during the postnatal hospital stay and through fewer outpatient consultations. (+info)Spontaneous or traumatic premature closure of the tibial tubercle. (3/587)
A premature closure of the physis of the tibial tubercle in a young man has given rise to a shortening of the tibia, a patella alta and a reversed tibial slope of 20 degrees with clinical genu recurvatum. After a proximal open wedge tibial osteotomy all three postural deformities could be restored. The etiology of this complex deformity is discussed. (+info)Fatal case due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants in an AIDS patient. (4/587)
We describe the first known case of a fatal infection with small colony variants of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with AIDS. Recovered from three blood cultures as well as from a deep hip abscess, these variants may have resulted from long-term antimicrobial therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. (+info)Oreopithecus was a bipedal ape after all: evidence from the iliac cancellous architecture. (5/587)
Textural properties and functional morphology of the hip bone cancellous network of Oreopithecus bambolii, a 9- to 7-million-year-old Late Miocene hominoid from Italy, provide insights into the postural and locomotor behavior of this fossil ape. Digital image processing of calibrated hip bone radiographs reveals the occurrence of trabecular features, which, in humans and fossil hominids, are related to vertical support of the body weight, i.e., to bipedality. (+info)Comparison of quantitative ultrasound in the human calcaneus with mechanical failure loads of the hip and spine. (6/587)
OBJECTIVE: Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus is used clinically for evaluating bone fracture risk, but its association with the mechanical properties at other skeletal sites is not well characterized. The objective was therefore to determine its predictive ability of the mechanical failure loads of the proximal femur and lumbar spine. METHOD: In 45 human cadavers (29 males and 16 females, aged 82.5 +/- 9.6 years), we determined the speed of sound, broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) and the empirical stiffness index, using a commercial quantitative ultrasound scanner. The proximal femora and the fourth vertebral body were excised and loaded to failure in a testing machine. RESULTS: Femoral failure loads ranged from 933 to 7000 N and those of the vertebrae from 1000 to 7867 N, their correlation being 0.51 in females and -0.08 in males. Forty percent of the variability of femoral, but only 24% of the variability of the vertebral fracture loads could be predicted with calcaneal speed of sound. In the femur, a combination of speed of sound and BUA improved the prediction (r2 = 50-60%), but not in the spine. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides experimental evidence that calcaneal quantitative ultrasound is capable of predicting mechanical failure at other skeletal sites and has potential to identify patients at risk from osteoporotic fracture. The different association of quantitative ultrasound with femoral and vertebral failure may result from the influence of the cortical bone and a higher microstructure-related similarity of the calcaneus and the femur. (+info)Determinants of the first decade of bone loss after menopause at spine, hip and radius. (7/587)
This study documented bone loss at three different sites in the early postmenopausal period, and examined potential predictors. Forty-three women underwent repeated measurements of bone density at the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal radius for up to 14 years. Individual rates of bone loss were calculated for the spine and hip; for radial trabecular bone, rates were calculated separately for two time periods, earlier and later after menopause. In the spine and radius, initially high rates of loss diminished with time after menopause. No positive correlations for bone loss were found between the three sites, suggesting that faster than average bone loss was specific to individual bones. High body mass index (BMI) was significantly protective against fast bone loss at the spine and radius; in the spine, each unit increase in BMI was associated with a approximately 5% reduction in the rate of bone loss. Of the other variables measured (maximum oxygen consumption, lean body mass, fat mass, mean psoas muscle area at the L3 level, hand grip strength as well as anthropometry) only bone densitometry was sufficiently predictive to help guidance on hormone replacement or other prophylactic therapy. The data suggest that the known relationship between excessive leanness and risk of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture after menopause might in part be due to fast post-menopausal bone loss. Because bulk of psoas muscle was associated with low spine loss rates, the data also support a role for applied muscular loading in local maintenance of bone density. (+info)An additional dimension to health inequalities: disease severity and socioeconomic position. (8/587)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the severity of hip pain and disability, and a number of measures of socioeconomic position, using a range of individual and ecological socioeconomic indicators. DESIGN: Interviewer administered and self completed questionnaires on symptoms of pain and disability, general health and socioeconomic indicators, completed by people reporting hip pain in a cross sectional, postal, screening questionnaire. SETTING: 40 general practices from inner city, suburban and rural areas of south west England. PARTICIPANTS: 954 study participants who had reported hip pain in a postal questionnaire survey of 26,046 people aged 35 and over, selected using an age/sex stratified random probability sample. DATA: Individual indicators of socioeconomic position: social class based on occupation, maximum educational attainment, car ownership, gross household income, manual or non-manual occupation and living alone. Area level measures of socioeconomic position: Townsend scores for material deprivation at enumeration district level; urban or rural location based on the postcode of residence. Severity of hip disease, measured by the pain, disability and independence components of the New Zealand score for major joint replacement. Self reported comorbidity validated using general practice case notes and summary measures of general health. MAIN RESULTS: Increasing disease severity was strongly associated with increasing age and a variety of measures of general health, including comorbidity. The data provide considerable evidence for the systematic association of increased severity of hip disease with decreasing socioeconomic position. Measures of socioeconomic position that were systematically associated with increasing disease severity, standardised for age and sex, included educational attainment (relative index of inequality 1.95 (95% confidence intervals 1.29 to 2.62) and income (relative index of inequality 4.03 (95% confidence intervals 3.43 to 4.64). Those with access to a car (mean disease severity 15.5) had statistically significant lower severity of hip disease than those without (mean 17.5, p < 0.01). Similar results were found for access to higher or further education and living with others. For a given level of income, people with greater comorbidity had more severe hip pain and disability. The gradient in disease severity between rich and poor was steepest among those with the most comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: People with lower socioeconomic position experience a greater severity of hip disease. The poorest sector of the population seem to be in double jeopardy: they not only experience a greater burden of chronic morbidity but also a greater severity of hip disease. This study has implications for health care provision, if the National Health Service is to live up to its principle of equal treatment for equal medical need. (+info)The buttocks are the rounded part of the lower back, above the hips. They are formed by the masses of muscle tissue (gluteal muscles) and fat that cover the coccyx and sacrum, which are the terminal parts of the vertebral column. The primary function of the gluteal muscles is to provide stability and strength for walking, running, and jumping movements.
In anatomical terms, the buttocks are also known as the natis or nates. Medical professionals may use these terms when discussing conditions or treatments related to this area of the body.
The hip joint, also known as the coxal joint, is a ball-and-socket type synovial joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the pelvis. The "ball" is the head of the femur, while the "socket" is the acetabulum, a concave surface on the pelvic bone.
The hip joint is surrounded by a strong fibrous capsule and is reinforced by several ligaments, including the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments. The joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction movements, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body.
The hip joint is also supported by various muscles, including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas, and other hip flexors and extensors. These muscles provide stability and strength to the joint, allowing for weight-bearing activities such as walking, running, and jumping.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
In medical terms, the hip is a ball-and-socket joint where the rounded head of the femur (thigh bone) fits into the cup-shaped socket, also known as the acetabulum, of the pelvis. This joint allows for a wide range of movement in the lower extremities and supports the weight of the upper body during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The hip joint is surrounded by strong ligaments, muscles, and tendons that provide stability and enable proper functioning.
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped cavity in the pelvic bone (specifically, the os coxa) where the head of the femur bone articulates to form the hip joint. It provides a stable and flexible connection between the lower limb and the trunk, allowing for a wide range of movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. The acetabulum is lined with articular cartilage, which facilitates smooth and frictionless movement of the hip joint. Its stability is further enhanced by various ligaments, muscles, and the labrum, a fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens the socket and increases its contact area with the femoral head.
Hip arthroplasty, also known as hip replacement surgery, is a medical procedure where the damaged or diseased joint surfaces of the hip are removed and replaced with artificial components. These components typically include a metal or ceramic ball that replaces the head of the femur (thigh bone), and a polyethylene or ceramic socket that replaces the acetabulum (hip socket) in the pelvis.
The goal of hip arthroplasty is to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and restore function to the hip joint. This procedure is commonly performed in patients with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hip fractures, or other conditions that cause significant damage to the hip joint.
There are several types of hip replacement surgeries, including traditional total hip arthroplasty, partial (hemi) hip arthroplasty, and resurfacing hip arthroplasty. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, such as the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and the extent of joint damage.
After surgery, patients typically require rehabilitation to regain strength, mobility, and function in the affected hip. With proper care and follow-up, most patients can expect significant pain relief and improved quality of life following hip arthroplasty.
A hip prosthesis, also known as a total hip replacement, is a surgical implant designed to replace the damaged or diseased components of the human hip joint. The procedure involves replacing the femoral head (the ball at the top of the thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the socket in the pelvis) with artificial parts, typically made from materials such as metal, ceramic, or plastic.
The goal of a hip prosthesis is to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and restore function, allowing patients to return to their normal activities and enjoy an improved quality of life. The procedure is most commonly performed in individuals with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other degenerative conditions that have caused significant damage to the hip joint.
There are several different types of hip prostheses available, each with its own unique design and set of benefits and risks. The choice of prosthesis will depend on a variety of factors, including the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and specific medical needs. In general, however, all hip prostheses are designed to provide a durable, long-lasting solution for patients suffering from debilitating joint pain and stiffness.