A biologic alkylating agent that exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming DNA ADDUCTS and DNA interstrand crosslinks, thereby inhibiting rapidly proliferating cells. The hydrochloride is an antineoplastic agent used to treat HODGKIN DISEASE and LYMPHOMA.
An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.
An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)
A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.
Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)
A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.
An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
A group of alkylating agents derived from mustard gas, with the sulfur replaced by nitrogen. They were formerly used as toxicants and vesicants, but now function as antineoplastic agents. These compounds are also powerful mutagens, teratogens, immunosuppressants, and carcinogens.
Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.
An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)
A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)
Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.
Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medications. Ointment bases are various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons.
A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026)
The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.
The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.
Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.
A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.
Therapeutic act or process that initiates a response to a complete or partial remission level.

Prednisone in MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. (1/421)

High remission rates have been produced by MOPP (mustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) chemotherapy in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease, but the prednisone component has caused adverse effects in patients who have undergone radiotherapy. The remission rates and length of remission were reviewed in 211 patients with Hodgkin's disease who received chemotherapy either with or without prednisone. In contrast to the findings of a British study, there were no significant differences in remission rates or length of remission between patients who had received prednisone and patients who had not. There were differences between the British prospective study and this retrospective one, but it is difficult to know what accounted for the substantial differences in the findings.  (+info)

The minimum CD34 threshold depends on prior chemotherapy in autologous peripheral blood stem cell recipients. (2/421)

We analysed 57 patients with non-myeloid malignancies who received a non-purged autologous PBSCT. All had similar mobilisation and conditioning regimens. A high prior chemotherapy score and the number of chemotherapy lines used (P = 0.015 and P = 0.01, respectively) were adverse predictors of CD34 cell yields. Lower CD34 values (P = 0.002) were seen in patients treated with potent stem cell toxins (BCNU, melphalan, CCNU and mustine), designated toxicity factor 4 agents (TF4). All patients infused with grafts containing CD34 cell doses between 1.0 and 2.0 x 10(6)/kg (range 1.25-1.90) engrafted by day 51. The only variable associated with slow platelet recovery was exposure to TF4 (P = 0.007). The majority of patients with CD34 >1.0 x 10(6)/kg achieved rapid and sustained engraftment and the only predictive factor of delayed recovery is prior exposure to stem cell toxins. Potential PBSCT candidates should if possible avoid first line and salvage chemotherapy containing TF4 drugs. We therefore advocate a minimum CD34 threshold of >1.0 x 10(6)/kg in patients without extensive prior chemoradiotherapy, and > or = 2.0 x 10(6)/kg in all other patients.  (+info)

Autologous transplantation of chemotherapy-purged PBSC collections from high-risk leukemia patients: a pilot study. (3/421)

We have recently demonstrated that the combination of the alkylating agent nitrogen mustard (NM) and etoposide (VP-16) is capable of eliminating, ex vivo, leukemic cells contaminating PBSC collections and this is associated with a significant recovery of primitive and committed hematopoietic progenitor cells. Based on these data a pilot study on autologous transplantation of NM/VP-16 purged PBSC for high-risk leukemic patients was recently initiated. Twelve patients (seven females and five males) with a median age of 46 years (range 18-57) have been treated. Two patients had acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) resistant to conventional induction treatment, four patients had secondary AML in I complete remission (CR), one patient was in II CR after failing a previous autologous BM transplantation, while two additional AML individuals were in I CR achieved after three or more cycles of induction treatment. Two patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in I CR and one patient with mantle cell lymphoma and leukemic dissemination were also included. Eight patients showed karyotypic abnormalities associated with a poor clinical outcome. The mobilizing regimens included cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone with (n = 6) or without fludarabine (n = 3) followed by subcutaneous administration of G-CSF (5 microg/kg/day until the completion of PBSC collection) and G-CSF alone (n = 3) (15 microg/kg/day). A median of two aphereses (range 1-3) allowed the collection of 7.2 x 10(8) TNC/kg (range 3.4-11.5), 5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg (range 2.1-15.3) and 9.2 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg (0.3-236). PBSC were treated with a constant dose of 20 microg of VP-16/ml and a median individual-adjusted dose (survival < or = 5% of steady-state BM CFU-GM) of NM of 0.7 microg/ml (range 0.25-1.25). Eleven patients were reinfused after busulfan (16 mg/kg) and Cy (120 mg/kg) conditioning with a median residual dose of 0.3 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg (0-11.5). The median time to neutrophil engraftment (>0.5 x 10(9)/l) for evaluable patients was 25 days (range 12-59); the median time to platelet transfusion independence (>20 and >50 x 10(9)/l) was 40 days (18-95) and 69 days (29-235), respectively. Hospital discharge occurred at a median of 25 days (18-58) after stem cell reinfusion. Four individuals are alive in CR (n = 3) or with residual nodal disease (n = 1 lymphoma patient) with a follow-up of 32, 26, 3 and 14 months, respectively. Seven patients died due to disease progression or relapse (n = 5) or extrahematological transplant toxicity (n = 2). Our data suggest that pharmacological purging of leukapheresis collections of leukemic patients at high-risk of relapse is feasible and ex vivo treated cells reconstitute autologous hematopoiesis.  (+info)

DNA polymerase II (polB) is involved in a new DNA repair pathway for DNA interstrand cross-links in Escherichia coli. (4/421)

DNA-DNA interstrand cross-links are the cytotoxic lesions for many chemotherapeutic agents. A plasmid with a single nitrogen mustard (HN2) interstrand cross-link (inter-HN2-pTZSV28) was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli, and its replication efficiency (RE = [number of transformants from inter-HN2-pTZSV28]/[number of transformants from control]) was determined to be approximately 0.6. Previous work showed that RE was high because the cross-link was repaired by a pathway involving nucleotide excision repair (NER) but not recombination. (In fact, recombination was precluded because the cells do not receive lesion-free homologous DNA.) Herein, DNA polymerase II is shown to be in this new pathway, since the replication efficiency (RE) is higher in a polB+ ( approximately 0. 6) than in a DeltapolB (approximately 0.1) strain. Complementation with a polB+-containing plasmid restores RE to wild-type levels, which corroborates this conclusion. In separate experiments, E. coli was treated with HN2, and the relative sensitivity to killing was found to be as follows: wild type < polB < recA < polB recA approximately uvrA. Because cells deficient in either recombination (recA) or DNA polymerase II (polB) are hypersensitive to nitrogen mustard killing, E. coli appears to have two pathways for cross-link repair: an NER/recombination pathway (which is possible when the cross-links are formed in cells where recombination can occur because there are multiple copies of the genome) and an NER/DNA polymerase II pathway. Furthermore, these results show that some cross-links are uniquely repaired by each pathway. This represents one of the first clearly defined pathway in which DNA polymerase II plays a role in E. coli. It remains to be determined why this new pathway prefers DNA polymerase II and why there are two pathways to repair cross-links.  (+info)

Testicular function after cytotoxic chemotherapy: evidence of Leydig cell insufficiency. (5/421)

PURPOSE: To evaluate testicular function in men after treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in 209 men after treatment with mechlorethamine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone, hybrid chemotherapy, or high-dose chemotherapy and in 54 healthy age-matched controls. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 38 years (range, 19 to 68 years), and all patients had received chemotherapy between 1 and 22 years previously. Patients had significantly higher mean LH (7.9 v 4.1 IU/L; P < .0001) and FSH levels (18.8 v 3.1 IU/L; P < .0001) than controls. There was no significant difference in mean total testosterone level between the patients and controls, but there was a trend toward a lower mean testosterone/SHBG ratio in the patients (0.63 v 0.7; P = .08). Analysis of the hormonal parameters using a model that allowed for the effects of increasing age on testicular function showed evidence of significant recovery of gonadal function in the first 10 years after treatment. Fifty-two percent of patients had LH levels at or above the upper limit of normal, and 32% of patients had increased LH with testosterone levels in the lower half of the normal range, suggesting a degree of Leydig cell impairment. CONCLUSION: In a significant proportion of men, there is good evidence of Leydig cell dysfunction after cytotoxic chemotherapy. The clinical significance of this Leydig cell dysfunction is not clear, but some of these men may benefit from testosterone replacement. Further studies are warranted.  (+info)

Magnetic resonance detects metabolic changes associated with chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. (6/421)

Apoptosis was induced by treating L1210 leukaemia cells with mechlorethamine, and SW620 colorectal cells with doxorubicin. The onset and progression of apoptosis were monitored by assessing caspase activation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation and cell morphology. In parallel, 31P magnetic resonance (MR) spectra of cell extracts were recorded. In L1210 cells, caspase activation was detected at 4 h. By 3 h, the MR spectra showed a steady decrease in NTP and NAD, and a significant build-up of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-P) dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glycerol-3-phosphate, indicating modulation of glycolysis. Treatment with iodoacetate also induced a build-up of F-1,6-P, while preincubation with two poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, 3-aminobenzamide and nicotinamide, prevented the drop in NAD and the build-up of glycolytic intermediates. This suggested that our results were due to inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, possibly as a consequence of NAD depletion following poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Doxorubicin treatment of the adherent SW620 cells caused cells committed to apoptosis to detach. F-1,6-P was observed in detached cells, but not in treated cells that remained attached. This indicated that our observations were not cell line- or treatment-specific, but were correlated with the appearance of apoptotic cells following drug treatment. The 31P MR spectrum of tumours responding to chemotherapy could be modulated by similar effects.  (+info)

Protein-DNA footprinting of the human epsilon-globin promoter in human intact cells using nitrogen mustard analogues and other DNA-damaging agents. (7/421)

Nitrogen mustard analogues, bleomycin and dimethyl sulphate (DMS) have been used as probes of protein-DNA interactions in intact human cells. The sites of damage have been determined at base pair resolution in the single copy epsilon-globin gene promoter in erythroid K562 cells, non-erythroid HeLa cells and purified DNA. Exponential amplification of gene-specific damage fragments was achieved using the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LMPCR) technique and analysed on DNA sequencing gels. A comparison of the relative damage band intensities between purified DNA and intact cells revealed several significant differences - both protection (footprint) and enhancement. These differences occurred at putative transcription factor binding sites and hence are thought to be due to protein-DNA interactions. A major feature of the band intensity ratio plots was the footprint observed at the CCAAT box binding motif as revealed by nitrogen mustard analogues. Enhanced band intensity (hypersensitivity) was displayed at the 5'- and 3'-ends of the CCAAT box in K562 cells - this feature was absent in HeLa cells and in vitro reconstitutions. A footprint was found at the GATA-1 motif in K562 cells that was also absent in non-expressing HeLa cells. Footprints were also evident at the TATA box, CACC box and the epsilonF1 DNA binding motif in K562 cells.  (+info)

The presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr correlates with a decrease in the frequency of mutations in a plasmid shuttle vector. (8/421)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr protein induces cell cycle arrest at the border of G(2) and M similar to the arrest caused by agents which damage DNA. We determined whether the presence of Vpr would affect the ability of cells to repair DNA. We developed a shuttle vector system to analyze the effect of Vpr upon the repair of UV-damaged DNA. Our results demonstrated that the presence of Vpr decreased the rate of deletions in this system. Of note, cells arrested in G(2) by other genotoxic agents also increased the frequency of DNA repair of UV-damaged shuttle vectors. We did not observe any direct effect of Vpr upon the rate of double-strand break repair and/or nucleotide excision repair of genomic DNA in cells. Our results suggest a role for HIV-1 Vpr in altering the frequency of DNA repair, a property which may have importance for HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis.  (+info)

Mechlorethamine is an antineoplastic agent, which means it is used to treat cancer. It is a type of alkylating agent, which is a class of drugs that work by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Mechlorethamine is used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as some other types of cancer. It can be administered intravenously or topically (as a cream) to treat skin lesions caused by certain types of cancer.

Mechlorethamine is a potent drug that can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and an increased risk of infection due to suppression of the immune system. It can also cause damage to the heart, lungs, and reproductive system with long-term use. As with all chemotherapy drugs, mechlorethamine should be administered under the close supervision of a healthcare professional.

Procarbazine is an antineoplastic agent, specifically an alkylating agent, used in the treatment of certain types of cancer such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain tumors. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Procarbazine is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to increase its effectiveness.

It is important to note that procarbazine can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakness. It can also suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infection. Additionally, it can cause damage to cells outside of the cancerous tissue, which can result in side effects such as hair loss and mouth sores.

Procarbazine is a prescription medication that should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional. It is important for patients to follow their doctor's instructions carefully when taking this medication and to report any side effects or concerns promptly.

Alkylating agents are a class of chemotherapy drugs that work by alkylating, or adding an alkyl group to, DNA molecules. This process can damage the DNA and prevent cancer cells from dividing and growing. Alkylating agents are often used to treat various types of cancer, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and solid tumors. Examples of alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and chlorambucil. These drugs can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and an increased risk of infection. They can also cause long-term damage to the heart, lungs, and reproductive system.

Hodgkin disease, also known as Hodgkin lymphoma, is a type of cancer that originates in the white blood cells called lymphocytes. It typically affects the lymphatic system, which is a network of vessels and glands spread throughout the body. The disease is characterized by the presence of a specific type of abnormal cell, known as a Reed-Sternberg cell, within the affected lymph nodes.

The symptoms of Hodgkin disease may include painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin; fever; night sweats; weight loss; and fatigue. The exact cause of Hodgkin disease is unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and infectious factors.

Hodgkin disease is typically treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or immunotherapy, depending on the stage and extent of the disease. With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Hodgkin disease is generally very good, with a high cure rate. However, long-term side effects of treatment may include an increased risk of secondary cancers and other health problems.

Vincristine is an antineoplastic agent, specifically a vinca alkaloid. It is derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus). Vincristine binds to tubulin, a protein found in microtubules, and inhibits their polymerization, which results in disruption of mitotic spindles leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death). It is used in the treatment of various types of cancer including leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Common side effects include peripheral neuropathy, constipation, and alopecia.

Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, which is a type of corticosteroid hormone. It is primarily used to reduce inflammation in various conditions such as asthma, allergies, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Prednisone works by mimicking the effects of natural hormones produced by the adrenal glands, suppressing the immune system's response and reducing the release of substances that cause inflammation.

It is available in oral tablet form and is typically prescribed to be taken at specific times during the day, depending on the condition being treated. Common side effects of prednisone include increased appetite, weight gain, mood changes, insomnia, and easy bruising. Long-term use or high doses can lead to more serious side effects such as osteoporosis, diabetes, cataracts, and increased susceptibility to infections.

Healthcare providers closely monitor patients taking prednisone for extended periods to minimize the risk of adverse effects. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage regimen and not discontinue the medication abruptly without medical supervision, as this can lead to withdrawal symptoms or a rebound of the underlying condition.

Vinblastine is an alkaloid derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) and is primarily used in cancer chemotherapy. It is classified as a vinca alkaloid, along with vincristine, vinorelbine, and others.

Medically, vinblastine is an antimicrotubule agent that binds to tubulin, a protein involved in the formation of microtubules during cell division. By binding to tubulin, vinblastine prevents the assembly of microtubules, which are essential for mitosis (cell division). This leads to the inhibition of cell division and ultimately results in the death of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.

Vinblastine is used to treat various types of cancers, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, and others. It is often administered intravenously in a healthcare setting and may be given as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen with other anticancer drugs.

As with any medication, vinblastine can have side effects, including bone marrow suppression (leading to an increased risk of infection, anemia, and bleeding), neurotoxicity (resulting in peripheral neuropathy, constipation, and jaw pain), nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and mouth sores. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is necessary during vinblastine treatment to manage side effects and ensure the safe and effective use of this medication.

Bleomycin is a type of chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, and lymphomas. It works by causing DNA damage in rapidly dividing cells, which can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

Bleomycin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces verticillus and is often administered intravenously or intramuscularly. While it can be effective in treating certain types of cancer, it can also have serious side effects, including lung toxicity, which can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. Therefore, bleomycin should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare professional who is experienced in administering chemotherapy drugs.

Lomustine is a medical term for a specific antineoplastic agent, which is a type of medication used to treat cancer. It's a nitrosourea compound that is classified as an alkylating agent, meaning it works by preventing the reproduction of cancer cells. Lomustine is used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including brain tumors, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It's usually administered orally in the form of a capsule. As with any medication, it can have side effects, which can include nausea, vomiting, and lowered blood cell counts.

Nitrogen mustard compounds are a group of chemical agents that have been used historically as chemotherapy drugs and also have potential as military chemical warfare agents. They are alkylating agents, which means they work by modifying DNA in such a way that it can no longer replicate properly, leading to cell death.

In the medical context, nitrogen mustard compounds are used to treat certain types of cancer, including Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. They may also be used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and other cancers.

The most common nitrogen mustard compounds used in medicine are mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and melphalan. These drugs are typically administered intravenously or orally, and their use is carefully monitored to minimize side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and suppression of the immune system.

It's worth noting that nitrogen mustard compounds can also be highly toxic and dangerous if used as chemical warfare agents. They can cause severe respiratory, skin, and eye damage, as well as potentially fatal systemic effects.

Alopecia Areata is a medical condition characterized by the sudden loss of hair in round or oval patches on the scalp or other parts of the body. It is an autoimmune disorder, which means that the immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, leading to hair loss. The condition can affect both adults and children, and it can cause significant emotional distress and impact a person's quality of life. In some cases, the hair may grow back on its own, while in others, treatment may be necessary to promote hair regrowth.

Dacarbazine is a medical term that refers to a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is an alkylating agent, which means it works by modifying the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Dacarbazine is often used to treat malignant melanoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and soft tissue sarcomas.

The drug is typically administered intravenously in a hospital or clinic setting, and the dosage and schedule may vary depending on the type and stage of cancer being treated, as well as the patient's overall health and response to treatment. Common side effects of dacarbazine include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakness or fatigue. More serious side effects, such as low white blood cell counts, anemia, and liver damage, may also occur.

It is important for patients receiving dacarbazine to follow their doctor's instructions carefully and report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly. Regular monitoring of blood counts and other laboratory tests may be necessary to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Chlorambucil is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called alkylating agents. It is an antineoplastic drug, which means it is used to treat cancer. Chlorambucil works by interfering with the DNA in cells, which prevents them from dividing and growing. This makes it useful for treating certain types of cancer, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Chlorambucil is available in tablet form and is typically taken once a day. It is important to take chlorambucil exactly as directed by your healthcare provider, as the dosage and schedule will depend on your individual medical condition and response to treatment.

Like all medications, chlorambucil can cause side effects. Common side effects of chlorambucil include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. It can also cause more serious side effects, such as a decrease in the number of white blood cells (which can increase the risk of infection), anemia (low red blood cell count), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). Chlorambucil may also increase the risk of certain types of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and solid tumors.

It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of chlorambucil with your healthcare provider before starting treatment. They can help you understand the potential side effects and how to manage them, as well as any other precautions you should take while taking this medication.

Doxorubicin is a type of chemotherapy medication known as an anthracycline. It works by interfering with the DNA in cancer cells, which prevents them from growing and multiplying. Doxorubicin is used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and many others. It may be given alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.

Doxorubicin is usually administered through a vein (intravenously) and can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, and increased risk of infection. It can also cause damage to the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure in some cases. For this reason, doctors may monitor patients' heart function closely while they are receiving doxorubicin treatment.

It is important for patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits of doxorubicin therapy with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.

Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a rare cancer that affects the skin's immune system. It is characterized by the infiltration of malignant CD4+ T-lymphocytes into the skin, leading to the formation of patches, plaques, and tumors. The disease typically progresses slowly over many years, often starting with scaly, itchy rashes that can be mistaken for eczema or psoriasis. As the disease advances, tumors may form, and the lymphoma may spread to other organs, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, or spleen. Mycosis fungoides is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person. The exact cause of mycosis fungoides is unknown, but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.

An ointment is a semi-solid preparation, typically composed of a mixture of medicinal substance with a base, which is usually greasy or oily. The purpose of the base is to act as a vehicle for the active ingredient and allow it to be applied smoothly and evenly to the skin or mucous membranes.

Ointments are commonly used in dermatology to treat various skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, rashes, burns, and wounds. They can also be used to deliver medication for localized pain relief, muscle relaxation, and anti-inflammatory or antibiotic effects.

The base of an ointment may consist of various ingredients, including petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil, beeswax, or a combination of these. The choice of the base depends on the desired properties such as consistency, spreadability, and stability, as well as the intended route of administration and the specific therapeutic goals.

Antineoplastic agents, alkylating, are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs that work by alkylating (adding alkyl groups) to DNA, which can lead to the death or dysfunction of cancer cells. These agents can form cross-links between strands of DNA, preventing DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Examples of alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and cisplatin. While these drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells, they can also affect normal cells that divide quickly, such as those in the bone marrow and digestive tract, leading to side effects like anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea/vomiting.

Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols refer to a treatment plan for cancer that involves the use of more than one antineoplastic (chemotherapy) drug given in a specific sequence and schedule. The combination of drugs is used because they may work better together to destroy cancer cells compared to using a single agent alone. This approach can also help to reduce the likelihood of cancer cells becoming resistant to the treatment.

The choice of drugs, dose, duration, and frequency are determined by various factors such as the type and stage of cancer, patient's overall health, and potential side effects. Combination chemotherapy protocols can be used in various settings, including as a primary treatment, adjuvant therapy (given after surgery or radiation to kill any remaining cancer cells), neoadjuvant therapy (given before surgery or radiation to shrink the tumor), or palliative care (to alleviate symptoms and prolong survival).

It is important to note that while combined chemotherapy protocols can be effective in treating certain types of cancer, they can also cause significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and an increased risk of infection. Therefore, patients undergoing such treatment should be closely monitored and managed by a healthcare team experienced in administering chemotherapy.

Combined modality therapy (CMT) is a medical treatment approach that utilizes more than one method or type of therapy simultaneously or in close succession, with the goal of enhancing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. In the context of cancer care, CMT often refers to the combination of two or more primary treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapies (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc.).

The rationale behind using combined modality therapy is that each treatment method can target cancer cells in different ways, potentially increasing the likelihood of eliminating all cancer cells and reducing the risk of recurrence. The specific combination and sequence of treatments will depend on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, patient's overall health, and individual preferences.

For example, a common CMT approach for locally advanced rectal cancer may involve preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemoradiation therapy, followed by surgery to remove the tumor, and then postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy. This combined approach allows for the reduction of the tumor size before surgery, increases the likelihood of complete tumor removal, and targets any remaining microscopic cancer cells with systemic chemotherapy.

It is essential to consult with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate CMT plan for each individual patient, considering both the potential benefits and risks associated with each treatment method.

Neoplasm staging is a systematic process used in medicine to describe the extent of spread of a cancer, including the size and location of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body. The most widely accepted system for this purpose is the TNM classification system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).

In this system, T stands for tumor, and it describes the size and extent of the primary tumor. N stands for nodes, and it indicates whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. M stands for metastasis, and it shows whether the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

Each letter is followed by a number that provides more details about the extent of the disease. For example, a T1N0M0 cancer means that the primary tumor is small and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites. The higher the numbers, the more advanced the cancer.

Staging helps doctors determine the most appropriate treatment for each patient and estimate the patient's prognosis. It is an essential tool for communication among members of the healthcare team and for comparing outcomes of treatments in clinical trials.

Etoposide is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various types of cancer, including lung cancer, testicular cancer, and certain types of leukemia. It works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called topoisomerase II, which is involved in DNA replication and transcription. By doing so, etoposide can interfere with the growth and multiplication of cancer cells.

Etoposide is often administered intravenously in a hospital or clinic setting, although it may also be given orally in some cases. The medication can cause a range of side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and an increased risk of infection. It can also have more serious side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, which can lead to anemia, bleeding, and a weakened immune system.

Like all chemotherapy drugs, etoposide is not without risks and should only be used under the close supervision of a qualified healthcare provider. It is important for patients to discuss the potential benefits and risks of this medication with their doctor before starting treatment.

Remission induction is a treatment approach in medicine, particularly in the field of oncology and hematology. It refers to the initial phase of therapy aimed at reducing or eliminating the signs and symptoms of active disease, such as cancer or autoimmune disorders. The primary goal of remission induction is to achieve a complete response (disappearance of all detectable signs of the disease) or a partial response (a decrease in the measurable extent of the disease). This phase of treatment is often intensive and may involve the use of multiple drugs or therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy. After remission induction, patients may receive additional treatments to maintain the remission and prevent relapse, known as consolidation or maintenance therapy.

Mechlorethamine belongs to the group of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. It has been derivatized into the estrogen analogue ... Chlormethine (INN, BAN), also known as mechlorethamine (USAN, USP), mustine, HN2, and (in post-Soviet states) embikhin (эмбихин ... The adverse effects of mechlorethamine depend on the formulation. When used in chemical warfare, it can cause immunosuppression ... Though ingestion is uncommon, if mechlorethamine is swallowed it causes severe chemical burns to the gastrointestinal tract and ...
Valchlor (mechlorethamine): In 2013, Actelion announced that Valchlor could be purchased in the United States. Valchlor is an ... ACTELION LAUNCHES VALCHLOR (MECHLORETHAMINE) GEL 0.016% IN THE US". ENP Newswire. Normans Media Ltd. 19 November 2013. " ...
Nitrogen mustards include mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, ifosfamide and busulfan. Nitrosoureas ...
C-MOPP involves switching the nitrogen mustard from mechlorethamine to cyclophosphamide. C-MOPP is thus very similar to COPP, ... The acronym is derived from the component drugs of the regimen: (M)ustargen (also known as mechlorethamine, chlormethine, ...
From studies of mustard gas, he developed a drug called mechlorethamine or Mustargen. Its success in clinical trials during the ...
Millard JT, Raucher S, Hopkins PB (1990). "Mechlorethamine Cross Links Deoxyguanosine Residues at 5'-GNC Sequences in Duplex ...
Use of methyl bis (B-chloroethyl)emine hydrochloride (mechlorethamine, mustine) and tris (B-chloroethy) amine hydrochloride for ... Chlormethine also known as mechlorethamine or mustine (HN2) - the first alkylating agent to receive regulatory approval. ...
Aliphatic mustards were developed first, such as mechlorethamine hydrochloride (mustine hydrochloride), which is still used in ...
... using mechlorethamine. The first practical oximeter is described by Glenn Allan Millikan. Katharine Cook Briggs and her ...
... was, at the time of its creation as a drug, claimed to be considerably less toxic than mechlorethamine. For ...
This combination of mechlorethamine, vincristine (Oncovin), procarbazine, and prednisone proved capable of curing almost 70% of ... such as mechlorethamine), which were thought to be responsible for many of the long-term side effects of MOPP. ABVD was ...
... using mechlorethamine, carried out with Louis S. Goodman. January 1 - Atomic Energy Research Establishment established at ...
Narrowband UV-B is commonly considered for children, as opposed to Psoralen with UV-A, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, or oral ...
Protection from cytotoxic effects induced by the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro ...
Dacarbazine Mechlorethamine MOPP/COPP/BEACOPP Streptozocin VIP Some moderately emetogenic agents and regimens include: ...
Gasoline (contains aromatics) Lead and its compounds Alkylating antineoplastic agents (e.g., mechlorethamine) Styrene Other ...
... mechlorethamine MeSH D02.455.526.728.650.594 - melphalan MeSH D02.455.526.728.650.594.690 - peptichemio MeSH D02.455.526.728. ...
... mechlorethamine Co-administration of the following drugs may make allopurinol less active or decrease its half-life: ...
... mechlorethamine - MEDI-507 - medial supraclavicular lymph node - median survival time - mediastinal pleura - mediastinoscopy - ...
... and the very toxic mechlorethamine, which is prone to giving severe neutropenia and to severely heighten the risk of secondary ...
... mechlorethamine, actinomycin D, and epirubicin. As pharmacologic agents successful in treating and preventing anagen effluvium ...
... tricarbonyl methylcyclopentadienyl Mechlorethamine Mercuric acetate Mercuric chloride Mercuric oxide Methacrolein diacetate ...
Amsacrine Cisplatin Dactinomycin Daunorubicin Docetaxel Doxorubicin Epirubicin Idarubicin Mechlorethamine Mitomycin C ...
US FDA approves mechlorethamine, a nitrogen mustard compound, for treatment of cancer 1949 - Oncolytic viruses began human ...
Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) Phototherapy (broad and narrow band UVB or PUVA) Electron therapy Conventional radiation ...
Mechlorethamine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before receiving mechlorethamine,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to mechlorethamine, any other ... Talk to your doctor about the risks of receiving mechlorethamine.. Mechlorethamine may cause other side effects. Call your ... You should not become pregnant or breast-feed while you are receiving mechlorethamine injection. Mechlorethamine may harm the ...
Provides a summary of interactions with vitamins, herbs, and food
In 2009, a shortage of mechlorethamine (a standard component of chemotherapy regimens for childhood leukemia) forced ... The impact of drug shortages on children with cancer-the example of mechlorethamine.. Citation Text:. Metzger ML, Billett A, ... The impact of drug shortages on children with cancer--the example of mechlorethamine. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(26):2461-2463. doi ... The impact of drug shortages on children with cancer--the example of mechlorethamine. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(26):2461-2463. doi ...
Mechlorethamine belongs to the group of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. Alkylating agents work by three different ... Topical mechlorethamine restores autoimmune-arrested follicular activity in mice with an alopecia areata-like disease by ... Curators Comment: It was examined the ability of mechlorethamine (MCT) to conceal the 6H4 epitope and block prion protein PrP ... Mechlorethamine treatment significantly decreased in vitro amplification of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) in the highly ...
ValchlorTM Drug type Alkylating drug How the drug is given Topical Indications and Usage Mechlorethamine gel is FDA approved ... Generic name Mechlorethamine gel Pronunciation me-klor-ETH-a-meen gel Brand name(s), other common name(s) ... Mechlorethamine gel is FDA approved for the treatment of Stage 1A and 1B mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in ... Patients Disease Information Treatment Types of Treatment Chemotherapy and Other Drug Therapies Drug Listings Mechlorethamine ...
Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride AHFS 10:00. Mustine Hydrochloride in ASHP® Injectable Drug Information™ ... Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride published on 01 Jan 2023 by ASHP. ...
Mechlorethamine belongs to the group of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. It has been derivatized into the estrogen analogue ... Chlormethine (INN, BAN), also known as mechlorethamine (USAN, USP), mustine, HN2, and (in post-Soviet states) embikhin (эмбихин ... The adverse effects of mechlorethamine depend on the formulation. When used in chemical warfare, it can cause immunosuppression ... Though ingestion is uncommon, if mechlorethamine is swallowed it causes severe chemical burns to the gastrointestinal tract and ...
Mechlorethamine. Mechlorethanamine. N-Methyl-2,2′-dichlorodiethylamine. Methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine. N-Methylbis(2- ...
... mechlorethamine; mustine; 2,2-dichloro-N-methyldiethylamine; dichloren; caryolysin; mechlorethanamine; chlormethine; bis(2- ... HN-2: MBA; mechlorethamine; mustine; 2,2-dichloro-N-methyldiethylamine; dichloren; caryolysin; mechlorethanamine; chlormethine ...
For example, consider Mustargen (mechlorethamine HCl)-the injectable form of mustard gas-which can be used as an anticancer ...
Mustargen (Mechlorethamine HCl). MUSTARGEN® MSD Mechlorethamine HCl Alkylating Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: ... Mechlorethamine, a biologic alkylating agent, has a cytotoxic action which inhibits rapidly proliferating cells. tag_ ...
Detailed drug Information for Bacillus of calmette and guerin vaccine, live (Intradermal). Includes common brand names, drug descriptions, warnings, side effects and dosing information.
Vonderheid, E. C., Van Scott, E. J., Wallner, P. E., & Johnson, W. C. (1979). A 10-year experience with topical mechlorethamine ... Vonderheid, EC, Van Scott, EJ, Wallner, PE & Johnson, WC 1979, A 10-year experience with topical mechlorethamine for mycosis ... T1 - A 10-year experience with topical mechlorethamine for mycosis fungoides. T2 - Comparison with patients treated by total- ... Dive into the research topics of A 10-year experience with topical mechlorethamine for mycosis fungoides: Comparison with ...
... mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) chemotherapy, escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, ...
Topical chemotherapy (ie, nitrogen mustard [mechlorethamine] or carmustine) * Topical retinoids (ie, bexarotene) ...
Several different chemotherapy drugs are used in the treatment of different subtypes of lymphoma,
Examples are: methotrexate, mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, and azathioprine.. KEY TERMS. Anti-inflammatory ...
Bendamustine is a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative containing a purine-like benzimidazole ring. Mechlorethamine and its ... Bendamustine hydrochloride monohydrate contains a mechlorethamine group and a benzimidazole heterocyclic ring with a butyric ...
Bendamustine is a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative containing a purine-like benzimidazole ring. Mechlorethamine and its ...
mechlorethamine increases expression. EXP. 6480464. Mechlorethamine results in increased expression of MIR125B1 mRNA. CTD. PMID ...
Mechlorethamine Mustargen. 10 mg. Chemotherapy Alkylating Agent. Nitrogen Mustard. No 1949. Jan. 1, 1986 In Use. ...
Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride. Meperidine Hydrochloride. Methadone. Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta. Methylene Blue. ...
mechlorethamine. name=description> ...
Day 1: mechlorethamine 6 mg/m2 IV on day 1 plus ... Day 1: mechlorethamine 6 mg/m2 IV on day 1 plus ... The Stanford V regimen includes doxorubicin, vinblastine, mechlorethamine, etoposide, vincristine, bleomycin, and prednisone ... The Stanford V regimen includes doxorubicin, vinblastine, mechlorethamine, etoposide, vincristine, bleomycin, and prednisone ...
Bendamustine is a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative containing a purine-like benzimidazole ring. Mechlorethamine and its ... Bendamustine hydrochloride contains a mechlorethamine group and a benzimidazole heterocyclic ring with a butyric acid ...
During graduate school, Benedette investigated the dermatotoxicity of mechlorethamine and bendamustine; two nitrogen mustard ...
Mechlorethamine hydrochloride, HN2, Mustarge. Oprelvekin. Neumega, Interleukin-11. Paclitaxel. Taxol. Peg-L-Asparaginase. ...
Topical chemotherapy with mechlorethamine for mycosis fungoides Eric C. Vonderheid, M.D. and Eugene J. Van Scott, M.D. ...
  • Mechlorethamine also known as mustine, brand name MUSTARGEN administered intravenously is the prototype anticancer chemotherapeutic drug, is indicated for the palliative treatment of Hodgkin's disease (Stages III and IV), lymphosarcoma, chronic myelocytic or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera, mycosis fungoides, and bronchogenic carcinoma. (ncats.io)
  • Chlormethine (INN, BAN), also known as mechlorethamine (USAN, USP), mustine, HN2, and (in post-Soviet states) embikhin (эмбихин), is a nitrogen mustard sold under the brand name Mustargen among others. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechlorethamine injection must be given under the supervision of a doctor who is experienced in giving chemotherapy medications for cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In 2009, a shortage of mechlorethamine (a standard component of chemotherapy regimens for childhood leukemia) forced oncologists to treat patients with an alternative agent, cyclophosphamide (which was thought to be equally effective). (ahrq.gov)
  • A group of 243 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) received treatment with topical applications of dilute acqueous solutions of mechlorethamine and/or systemic chemotherapy over the past 10 years. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • MUSTARGEN® MSD Mechlorethamine HCl Alkylating Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechlorethamine, a biologic alkylating agent, has a cytotoxic action which inhibits rapidly proliferating cells. (rxmed.com)
  • The particular nitrogen mustard chlormethine (mechlorethamine) was first synthesized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bendamustine is a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative containing a purine-like benzimidazole ring. (centerwatch.com)
  • Mechlorethamine (maybe bendamustine, its deriv? (freezingblue.com)
  • In 2013 was approved orphan drug Valchlor (mechlorethamine) gel for the topical treatment of stage IA and IB mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients who have received prior skin-directed therapy. (ncats.io)
  • Mechlorethamine gel is FDA approved for the treatment of Stage 1A and 1B mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients who have received prior skin-directed therapy. (lls.org)
  • There have been studies demonstrating that topical administration of mechlorethamine has efficacy in mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T cell lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, some uses of mechlorethamine have included lymphoid malignancies such as Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera, and bronchogenic carcinoma Mechlorethamine is often administered intravenously, but when compounded into a topical formulation it can also be used to treat skin diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • By having the commercial rights of VALCHLOR ® (mechlorethamine) in China, Kyowa Kirin has shown that it is serious about meeting patients' unmet needs in the rare disease therapeutic areas" added Kazunobu Mikawa, General Manager in China (KKCN) , "VALCHLOR ® will be one of our strategic products for our dermatology and hemato-oncology franchise. (pharmiweb.com)
  • VALCHLOR ® is contraindicated in patients with known severe hypersensitivity to mechlorethamine. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Mechlorethamine is also used to treat polycythemia vera (a disease in which too many red blood cells are made in the bone marrow). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mechlorethamine comes as powder to be mixed with liquid to be injected intravenously (into a vein) by a doctor or nurse in a medical facility. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Though ingestion is uncommon, if mechlorethamine is swallowed it causes severe chemical burns to the gastrointestinal tract and concomitant nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hemorrhage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechlorethamine is a highly toxic medication, especially for women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or of childbearing age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechlorethamine belongs to the group of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. (ncats.io)
  • The impact of drug shortages on children with cancer-the example of mechlorethamine. (ahrq.gov)
  • Mechlorethamine and its derivatives form electrophilic alkyl groups. (centerwatch.com)
  • The major use of mechlorethamine was in a regimen with vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone, commonly referred to as MOPP, used to treat Hodgkin disease and lymphoma. (nih.gov)
  • Purpose: Previous investigators have reported responses in 52% of patients treated with mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), vincristine, and procarbazine (MOP) for recurrent glioma. (illinois.edu)
  • The Vancouver hybrid, which consists of mechlorethamine, vincristine sulfate (Oncovin), procarbazine hydrochloride, prednisone, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), bleomycin, and vinblastine sulfate (MOPP/ABV), was based on the hypothesis of preventing drug resistance by early introduction and alternation of all active agents and was aimed at decreasing the severity and frequency of treatment-related complications. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Topical mechlorethamine has not been associated with liver injury, although the possibility of systemic absorption continues to make hepatic adverse events mentioned as a concern. (nih.gov)
  • 1] Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed infant, breastfeeding from mechlorethamine mothers should not breastfed during therapy with mechlorethamine therapy, including topical application. (nih.gov)
  • Vallerand AHA, Sanoski CAC, Quiring CC. Mechlorethamine (topical). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Historically, some uses of mechlorethamine have included lymphoid malignancies such as Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, chronic myelocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera, and bronchogenic carcinoma Mechlorethamine is often administered intravenously, but when compounded into a topical formulation it can also be used to treat skin diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • There have been studies demonstrating that topical administration of mechlorethamine has efficacy in mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T cell lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. Long-term efficacy, curative potential, and carcinogenicity of topical mechlorethamine chemotherapy in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. (nih.gov)
  • 2. A prospective study of cutaneous intolerance to topical mechlorethamine therapy in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Mechlorethamine gel for the topical treatment of stage IA and IB mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Topical chemotherapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: positive results of a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial testing the efficacy and safety of a novel mechlorethamine, 0.02%, gel in mycosis fungoides. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Topical mechlorethamine therapy for early stage mycosis fungoides. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Clinical potential of mechlorethamine gel for the topical treatment of mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a review on current efficacy and safety data. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Response of mycosis fungoides to topical chemotherapy with mechlorethamine. (nih.gov)
  • 19. Treatment of early-stage mycosis fungoides with twice-weekly applications of mechlorethamine and topical corticosteroids: a prospective study. (nih.gov)
  • Mechlorethamine is currently available as a topic gel for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and mycosis fungoides, but requires special handling. (nih.gov)
  • 14. Frequent low doses of intravenous mechlorethamine for late-stage mycosis fungoides lymphoma. (nih.gov)
  • Currently, the FDA-approved drugs available in the CTCL market for the treatment of mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome include Istodax (romidepsin), Valchlor (mechlorethamine), Uvadex (methoxsalen), Targretin (bexarotene), Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin) and Zolinza (vorinostat) . (delveinsight.com)
  • Mechlorethamine hydrochloride (NM) is widely used as an SM surrogate. (researchwithnj.com)
  • You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take mechlorethamine with all of your drugs and health problems. (medicine.com)
  • Because it is irritating to local tissues and causes gastrointestinal intolerance, mechlorethamine is administered intravenously. (nih.gov)
  • The impact of drug shortages on children with cancer-the example of mechlorethamine. (ahrq.gov)
  • The mechlorethamine portion of Emcyt (Estramustine) prevents the growth of cancer cells by interfering with the genetic material DNA, which is necessary for reproduction of cells. (pocketpills.com)
  • Mechlorethamine is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. (medlineplus.gov)
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to mechlorethamine, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in mechlorethamine injection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is made up of 2 different types of medications joined together: Mechlorethamine and estrogen. (pocketpills.com)
  • The adverse effects of mechlorethamine depend on the formulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechlorethamine is used to treat a type of lymphoma that affects the skin. (medicine.com)
  • The potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity from mechlorethamine is probably similar to that of other alkylating agents, a direct cytotoxic injury which is most specific to rapidly dividing cells, but in high doses can injury other cell types such as sinusoidal lining cells or hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Though ingestion is uncommon, if mechlorethamine is swallowed it causes severe chemical burns to the gastrointestinal tract and concomitant nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hemorrhage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Check with the doctor or pharmacist to see how to handle mechlorethamine. (medicine.com)
  • you should know that mechlorethamine may interfere with the normal menstrual cycle (period) in women, may stop sperm production in men, and may cause infertility (difficulty becoming pregnant). (medlineplus.gov)
  • You should not become pregnant or breast-feed while you are receiving mechlorethamine injection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you are pregnant or you get pregnant while taking mechlorethamine, call your doctor right away. (medicine.com)
  • Mechlorethamine is a highly toxic medication, especially for women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or of childbearing age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Modifications of the chemical structure of mechlorethamine has led to similarly effective, but safer and better tolerated forms of alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, chlorambucil and melphalan. (nih.gov)
  • In recent years, mechlorethamine has been replaced by more stable alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide (COPP). (nih.gov)
  • Most sources consider that mothers receiving antineoplastic therapy should not breastfeed, especially with alkylating agents such as mechlorethamine. (nih.gov)
  • The disease-free survival rate was 88 percent for the 181 patients whose treatment included mechlorethamine. (wgbh.org)
  • Given parenterally in combination with other antineoplastic agents it was associated with low rates of serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but mechlorethamine has not been implicated specifically in cases of acute, clinically apparent injury. (nih.gov)
  • You will need to take special care when handling mechlorethamine. (medicine.com)
  • Caregivers need to wear special gloves when putting on mechlorethamine and wash hands after use. (medicine.com)
  • Do not breast-feed while you take mechlorethamine. (medicine.com)
  • mechlorethamine decreases effects of adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
  • If you get mechlorethamine in your eyes, it may cause eye problems like eye pain, burns, swelling, or blurred eyesight. (medicine.com)
  • Do not touch your eyes while using mechlorethamine. (medicine.com)
  • If you get mechlorethamine in your eyes, flush with water for at least 15 minutes and call your doctor. (medicine.com)
  • Your doctor may not want you to receive mechlorethamine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Use mechlorethamine as ordered by your doctor. (medicine.com)
  • What are the side effects of mechlorethamine that I need to call my doctor about immediately? (medicine.com)