Inbred AKR mice are a strain of laboratory mice that are homozygous at all gene loci and have a high incidence of developing certain diseases, such as leukemia and autoimmune disorders, making them useful for research purposes in biomedicine.
A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) isolated from spontaneous leukemia in AKR strain mice.
Catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of hydroxyl groups of prostaglandins.
A group of enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction of 20-hydroxysteroids, such as from a 20-ketosteroid to a 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid (EC 1.1.1.149) or to a 20-beta-hydroxysteroid (EC 1.1.1.53).
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of an aldose to an alditol. It possesses broad specificity for many aldoses. EC 1.1.1.21.
Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.
Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS, containing many well-defined strains, producing leukemia in mice. Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice.
Leukemia induced experimentally in animals by exposure to leukemogenic agents, such as VIRUSES; RADIATION; or by TRANSPLANTATION of leukemic tissues.
Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone.
Enzymes of the oxidoreductase class that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.-.
A 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reduction of the active androgen, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE to 5 ALPHA-ANDROSTANE-3 ALPHA,17 BETA-DIOL. It also has activity towards other 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15- hydroxyprostaglandins. The enzyme is B-specific in reference to the orientation of reduced NAD or NADPH.
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.

Prolonged eosinophil accumulation in allergic lung interstitium of ICAM-2 deficient mice results in extended hyperresponsiveness. (1/937)

ICAM-2-deficient mice exhibit prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium concomitant with a delayed increase in eosinophil numbers in the airway lumen during the development of allergic lung inflammation. The ICAM-2-dependent increased and prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium results in prolonged, heightened airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal an essential role for ICAM-2 in the development of the inflammatory and respiratory components of allergic lung disease. This phenotype is caused by the lack of ICAM-2 expression on non-hematopoietic cells. ICAM-2 deficiency on endothelial cells causes reduced eosinophil transmigration in vitro. ICAM-2 is not essential for lymphocyte homing or the development of leukocytes, with the exception of megakaryocyte progenitors, which are significantly reduced.  (+info)

Induction of CYP1A2 by phenobarbital in the livers of aryl hydrocarbon-responsive and -nonresponsive mice. (2/937)

The effects of phenobarbital treatment on the expression of the cytochrome P-450 (CYP or P-450) enzyme CYP1A2 in the livers of mice of various strains were examined. Phenobarbital induced the expression of CYP1A2 at the levels of mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity (methoxyresorufin O-demethylation and metabolic activation of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) in both aryl hydrocarbon-responsive [C57BL/6NCrj (C57BL/6), C3H/HeJSlc] and -nonresponsive (DBA/2NCrj, AKR/JSea, NZB/NSlc) mouse strains. The induction of CYP2B10, which is known as a phenobarbital-inducible P-450 in mice, was prominent in the livers of all five strains examined, whereas clear inductive effects on the P-450 CYP2B9 were not observed in female C57BL/6 and female DBA/2NCrj mice. These results indicate that CYP1A2 is a member of the family of phenobarbital-inducible genes in mice and suggest that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent induction pathway is not involved in the induction of CYP1A2. This concept is in accordance with those proposed by other laboratories recently using the AhR knockout mice. The following are new observations of this report. The magnitude of the increases in the CYP1A2 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activities were comparable among these three levels (ranging from 1.4- to 3. 1-fold), suggesting that the induction of CYP1A2 by phenobarbital is mainly determined at a pretranslational level. Cyclobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital also induced CYP1A2 mRNA in primary culture hepatocytes from C57BL/6 mice. Barbital, in contrast, did not show any clear inductive effect on CYP1A2 mRNA.  (+info)

Strain-dependent induction of allergic sensitization caused by peanut allergen DNA immunization in mice. (3/937)

To investigate the potential application of allergen gene immunization in the modulation of food allergy, C3H/HeSn (C3H) mice received i.m. injections of pAra h2 plasmid DNA encoding one of the major peanut allergens, Ara h2. Three weeks following pDNA immunization, serum Ara h2-specific IgG2a, IgG1, but not IgE, were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. IgG1 was 30-fold higher in multiply compared with singly immunized mice. Ara h2 or peanut protein injection of immunized mice induced anaphylactic reactions, which were more severe in multiply immunized mice. Heat-inactivated immune serum induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, suggesting that anaphylaxis in C3H mice was mediated by IgG1. IgG1 responses were also induced by intradermal injection of pAra h2, and by i.m. injection of pOMC, the plasmid DNA encoding the major egg allergen protein, ovomucoid. To elucidate whether the pDNA immunization-induced anaphylaxis was a strain-dependent phenomenon, AKR/J and BALB/c mice also received multiple i.m. pAra h2 immunizations. Injection of peanut protein into these strains at weeks 3 or 5 following immunization did not induce reactions. Although IgG2a was increased significantly from week 2 in AKR/J mice and from week 4 in BALB/c mice and remained elevated for at least 6 wk, no IgG1 or IgE was detected. These results indicate that the type of immune responses to pDNA immunization in mice is strain dependent. Consequently, models for studying human allergen gene immunization require careful selection of suitable strains. In addition, this suggests that similar interindividual variation is likely in humans.  (+info)

Induction of autoimmunity by multivalent immunodominant and subdominant T cell determinants of La (SS-B). (4/937)

We investigated the consequences of altering the form and valence of defined autodeterminants on the initiation and spreading of experimentally induced La/Ro autoimmunity. Anti-La and Ro (SS-A) Ab responses were monitored following immunization of healthy mice with defined immunodominant and subdominant T cell determinants of the La (SS-B) autoantigen synthesized as either monomeric or multiple antigenic (MAP) peptides. Abs to mouse La (mLa) developed faster and were of higher titer in mice immunized with the subdominant mLa25-44 MAP compared with mice immunized with the 25-44 monomer. Rapid intermolecular spreading of the autoimmune response to 60-kDa Ro was observed in AKR/J mice immunized with mLa25-44 MAP, but not in mice immunized repeatedly with monomeric peptide. A/J mice immunized and boosted with the known tolerogenic mLa287-301 determinant delivered as monomeric peptide failed to develop Abs to either intact mLa or mLa287-301 peptide. However, immunization with the multivalent mLa287-301 peptide led to the rapid production of high titer mLa autoantibodies associated with a proliferative T cell response to the mLa287-301 peptide. The data suggested that the enhanced immunogenicity of MAPs was not due to augmented Ag presentation or T cell stimulation. However, MAP-, but not monomer peptide-, containing immune complexes were potent substrates for Ab-dependent fixation of complement. These results demonstrate that the form of Ag responsible for inducing autoimmunity can profoundly influence the nature and magnitude of the immune response. Thus, molecular mimicry of tolerogenic and nontolerogenic self determinants might trigger autoimmunity under conditions of altered valence.  (+info)

Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake. (5/937)

Recent reports have demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has effects on body fat accumulation. In our previous work, CLA reduced body fat accumulation in mice fed either a high-fat or low-fat diet. Although CLA feeding reduced energy intake, the results suggested that some of the metabolic effects were not a consequence of the reduced food intake. We therefore undertook a study to determine a dose of CLA that would have effects on body composition without affecting energy intake. Five doses of CLA (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% by weight) were studied in AKR/J male mice (n = 12/group; age, 39 days) maintained on a high-fat diet (%fat 45 kcal). Energy intake was not suppressed by any CLA dose. Body fat was significantly lower in the 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% CLA groups compared with controls. The retroperitoneal depot was most sensitive to the effects of CLA, whereas the epididymal depot was relatively resistant. Higher doses of CLA also significantly increased carcass protein content. A time-course study of the effects of 1% CLA on body composition showed reductions in fat pad weights within 2 wk and continued throughout 12 wk of CLA feeding. In conclusion, CLA feeding produces a rapid, marked decrease in fat accumulation, and an increase in protein accumulation, at relatively low doses without any major effects on food intake.  (+info)

Factors regulating stem cell recruitment to the fetal thymus. (6/937)

Colonization of the thymic rudiment during development is initiated before vascularization so that hemopoietic precursors must leave the pharyngeal vessels and migrate through the perithymic mesenchyme to reach the thymus, suggesting that they may be responding to a gradient of chemoattractant factors. We report that diffusible chemoattractants are produced by MHC class II+ epithelial cells of the fetal thymus, and that the response of precursors to these factors is mediated via a G protein-coupled receptor, consistent with factors being members of the chemokine family. Indeed, a number of chemokine receptors are expressed by thymic precursors, and several chemokines are also expressed by thymic epithelial cells. However, these chemokines are also expressed in a tissue that is unable to attract precursors, although the thymus expressed chemokine, TECK, is expressed at higher levels in thymic epithelial cells and we show that it has chemotactic activity for isolated thymic precursors. Neutralizing Ab to TECK, however, did not prevent thymus recolonization by T cell precursors, suggesting that other novel chemokines might be involved in this process. In addition, we provide evidence for the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in chemoattractant-mediated T cell precursor recruitment to the thymus during embryogenesis.  (+info)

Self-reactive T cells selected on thymic cortical epithelium are polyclonal and are pathogenic in vivo. (7/937)

Positive selection of CD4+ T cells requires that the TCR of a developing thymocyte interact with self MHC class II molecules on thymic cortical epithelium. In contrast, clonal deletion is mediated by dendritic cells and medullary epithelium. We previously generated K14 mice expressing MHC class II only on thymic cortical epithelium. K14 CD4+ T cells were positively, but not negatively, selected and had significant in vitro autoreactivity. Here, we examine the function of these autoreactive CD4+ T cells in more detail. Analysis of a series of K14-derived T hybrids demonstrated that the autoreactive population of CD4+ T cells is phenotypically and functionally diverse. Purified K14 CD4+ T cells transferred into lethally irradiated wild-type B6 mice cause acute graft vs host disease with bone marrow failure. Further, these autoreactive CD4+ T cells cause hypergammaglobulinemia and the production of autoantibodies when transferred into unirradiated wild-type hosts. Thus, positive selection by normal thymic cortical epithelial cells, unopposed by negative selection, produces polyclonal CD4+ T cells that are pathologic.  (+info)

Sequences between the enhancer and promoter in the long terminal repeat affect murine leukemia virus pathogenicity and replication in the thymus. (8/937)

We previously showed that the 93-bp region between the enhancer and promoter (named DEN for downstream of enhancer) of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the MCF13 murine leukemia virus is an important determinant of the ability of this virus to induce thymic lymphoma. In this study we observed that DEN plays a role in the regulation of virus replication in the thymus during the preleukemic period. A NF-kappaB site in the DEN region partially contributes to the effect of DEN on both lymphomagenicity and virus replication. To further study the effects of DEN and the NF-kappaB site on viral pathogenicity during the preleukemic period, we examined replication of wild-type and mutant viruses with a deletion of the NF-kappaB site or the entire DEN region in the thymus. Thymic lymphocytes which were infected with wild-type and mutant viruses were predominantly the CD3(-) CD4(+) CD8(+) and CD3(+) CD4(+) CD8(+) cells. The increase in infection by wild-type virus and both mutant viruses of these two subpopulations during the preleukemic period ranged from 9- to 84-fold, depending upon the time point and virus. The major difference between the wild-type and both mutant viruses was the lower rate and lower level of mutant virus replication in these thymic subpopulations. Significant differences in replication between wild-type and both mutant viruses were seen in the CD3(-) CD4(+) CD8(+) and CD3(-) CD4(-) CD8(-) subpopulations, suggesting that these thymic cell types are important targets for viral transformation.  (+info)

'Inbred AKR mice' is a strain of laboratory mice used in biomedical research. The 'AKR' designation stands for "Akita Radioactive," referring to the location where this strain was first developed in Akita, Japan. These mice are inbred, meaning that they have been produced by many generations of brother-sister matings, resulting in a genetically homogeneous population with minimal genetic variation.

Inbred AKR mice are known for their susceptibility to certain types of leukemia and lymphoma, making them valuable models for studying these diseases and testing potential therapies. They also develop age-related cataracts and have a higher incidence of diabetes than some other strains.

It is important to note that while inbred AKR mice are widely used in research, their genetic uniformity may limit the applicability of findings to more genetically diverse human populations.

The AKR murine leukemia virus (AKR MLV) is a type of retrovirus that naturally infects mice of the AKR strain. It is a member of the gammaretrovirus genus and is closely related to other murine leukemia viruses (MLVs).

AKR MLV is transmitted horizontally through close contact with infected animals, as well as vertically from mother to offspring. The virus primarily infects hematopoietic cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages, and can cause a variety of diseases, most notably leukemia and lymphoma.

The AKR MLV genome contains three main structural genes: gag, pol, and env, which encode the viral matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and envelope proteins, respectively. Additionally, the virus carries accessory genes, such as rex and sor, that play a role in regulating viral gene expression and replication.

AKR MLV has been extensively studied as a model system for retrovirus biology and pathogenesis, and its study has contributed significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms of retroviral infection, replication, and disease.

Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases (HPGDs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like lipid compounds with various physiological effects in the body. The oxidation reaction catalyzed by HPGDs involves the removal of hydrogen atoms from the prostaglandin molecule and the addition of a ketone group in its place.

The HPGD family includes several isoforms, each with distinct tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The most well-known isoform is 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), which preferentially oxidizes PGE2 and PGF2α at the 15-hydroxyl position, thereby inactivating these prostaglandins.

The regulation of HPGD activity is critical for maintaining prostaglandin homeostasis, as imbalances in prostaglandin levels have been linked to various pathological conditions, including inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. For example, decreased 15-PGDH expression has been observed in several types of cancer, leading to increased PGE2 levels and promoting tumor growth and progression.

Overall, Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases play a crucial role in regulating prostaglandin signaling and have important implications for human health and disease.

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases (20-HSDs) are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in the metabolism of steroid hormones. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of steroid hormone precursors to their active forms by adding or removing a hydroxyl group at the 20th carbon position of the steroid molecule.

There are several isoforms of 20-HSDs, each with distinct tissue distribution and substrate specificity. The most well-known isoforms include 20-HSD type I and II, which have opposing functions in regulating the activity of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal gland.

Type I 20-HSD, primarily found in the liver and adipose tissue, converts inactive cortisone to its active form, cortisol. In contrast, type II 20-HSD, expressed mainly in the kidney, brain, and immune cells, catalyzes the reverse reaction, converting cortisol back to cortisone.

Dysregulation of 20-HSDs has been implicated in various medical conditions, such as metabolic disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancers. Therefore, understanding the function and regulation of these enzymes is essential for developing targeted therapies for these conditions.

Aldehyde reductase is an enzyme that belongs to the family of alcohol dehydrogenases. Its primary function is to catalyze the reduction of a wide variety of aldehydes into their corresponding alcohols, using NADPH as a cofactor. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated from various metabolic processes, such as lipid peroxidation and alcohol metabolism. It is widely distributed in different tissues, including the liver, kidney, and brain. In addition to its detoxifying function, aldehyde reductase has been implicated in several physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as neuroprotection, cancer, and diabetes.

3-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3-HSDs) are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in steroid hormone biosynthesis. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of 3-beta-hydroxy steroids to 3-keto steroids, which is an essential step in the production of various steroid hormones, including progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones such as testosterone and estradiol.

There are several isoforms of 3-HSDs that are expressed in different tissues and have distinct substrate specificities. For instance, 3-HSD type I is primarily found in the ovary and adrenal gland, where it catalyzes the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 17-hydroxycortisol. On the other hand, 3-HSD type II is mainly expressed in the testes, adrenal gland, and placenta, where it catalyzes the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to androstenedione and androstenedione to testosterone.

Defects in 3-HSDs can lead to various genetic disorders that affect steroid hormone production and metabolism, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations such as adrenal insufficiency, ambiguous genitalia, and sexual development disorders.

Medical Definition:

Murine leukemia virus (MLV) is a type of retrovirus that primarily infects and causes various types of malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas in mice. It is a complex genus of viruses, with many strains showing different pathogenic properties.

MLV contains two identical single-stranded RNA genomes and has the ability to reverse transcribe its RNA into DNA upon infection, integrating this proviral DNA into the host cell's genome. This is facilitated by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which MLV carries within its viral particle.

The virus can be horizontally transmitted between mice through close contact with infected saliva, urine, or milk. Vertical transmission from mother to offspring can also occur either in-utero or through the ingestion of infected breast milk.

MLV has been extensively studied as a model system for retroviral pathogenesis and tumorigenesis, contributing significantly to our understanding of oncogenes and their role in cancer development. It's important to note that Murine Leukemia Virus does not infect humans.

Experimental leukemia refers to the stage of research or clinical trials where new therapies, treatments, or diagnostic methods are being studied for leukemia. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

In the experimental stage, researchers investigate various aspects of leukemia, such as its causes, progression, and potential treatments. They may conduct laboratory studies using cell cultures or animal models to understand the disease better and test new therapeutic approaches. Additionally, clinical trials may be conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel treatments in human patients with leukemia.

Experimental research in leukemia is crucial for advancing our understanding of the disease and developing more effective treatment strategies. It involves a rigorous and systematic process that adheres to ethical guidelines and scientific standards to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.

Ketosteroids are a type of steroid compound that contain a ketone functional group in their chemical structure. They are derived from cholesterol and are present in both animal and plant tissues. Some ketosteroids are produced endogenously, while others can be introduced exogenously through the diet or medication.

Endogenous ketosteroids include steroid hormones such as testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol, which contain a ketone group in their structure. Exogenous ketosteroids can be found in certain medications, such as those used to treat hormonal imbalances or inflammation.

Ketosteroids have been studied for their potential therapeutic uses, including as anti-inflammatory agents and for the treatment of hormone-related disorders. However, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and potential benefits.

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in steroid hormone metabolism. They catalyze the oxidation and reduction reactions of hydroxyl groups on the steroid molecule, which can lead to the activation or inactivation of steroid hormones. HSDs are involved in the conversion of various steroids, including sex steroids (e.g., androgens, estrogens) and corticosteroids (e.g., cortisol, cortisone). These enzymes can be found in different tissues throughout the body, and their activity is regulated by various factors, such as hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. Dysregulation of HSDs has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Alcohol oxidoreductases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, while reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NADH. These enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of alcohols and other organic compounds in living organisms.

The most well-known example of an alcohol oxidoreductase is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which is responsible for the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in the liver during the metabolism of alcoholic beverages. Other examples include aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH).

These enzymes are important targets for the development of drugs used to treat alcohol use disorder, as inhibiting their activity can help to reduce the rate of ethanol metabolism and the severity of its effects on the body.

Thymus neoplasms are abnormal growths in the thymus gland that result from uncontrolled cell division. The term "neoplasm" refers to any new and abnormal growth of tissue, also known as a tumor. Thymus neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous).

Malignant thymus neoplasms are called thymomas or thymic carcinomas. Thymomas are the most common type and tend to grow slowly, invading nearby tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Thymic carcinomas are rarer and more aggressive, growing and spreading more quickly than thymomas.

Symptoms of thymus neoplasms may include coughing, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling in the neck or upper chest. Treatment options for thymus neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

"Stock A Strain k AKR mouse originally inbred in the laboratory of Dr. C. P. Rhoads by K. B. Rhoads at the Rockefeller Institute ... The "Ak" in Akt refers to the AKR mouse strain that develops spontaneous thymic lymphomas. The "t" stands for 'thymoma'; the ... In a mouse which is null for Akt1 but normal for Akt2, glucose homeostasis is unperturbed, but the animals are smaller, ... In contrast, mice which do not have Akt2, but have normal Akt1, have mild growth deficiency and display a diabetic phenotype ( ...
... mice, inbred a MeSH B01.050.157.520.318 - mice, inbred akr MeSH B01.050.157.520.338 - mice, inbred balb c MeSH B01.050.157.520. ... mice, inbred a MeSH B01.050.199.520.520.318 - mice, inbred akr MeSH B01.050.199.520.520.338 - mice, inbred balb c MeSH B01.050. ... mice, inbred mdx MeSH B01.050.157.520.440 - mice, inbred cba MeSH B01.050.157.520.445 - mice, inbred cftr MeSH B01.050.157.520. ... mice, inbred hrs MeSH B01.050.157.520.510 - mice, inbred icr MeSH B01.050.157.520.555 - mice, inbred mrl lpr MeSH B01.050. ...
Further inbreeding was undertaken with Ak mice at the Rockefeller Institute in 1936, leading to the designation of the AKR ... AKT8 was isolated from a spontaneous thymoma cell line derived from AKR mice by cocultivation with an indicator mink cell line ... In 1977, a transforming retrovirus was isolated from the AKR mouse. This virus was named Akt-8, the "t" representing its ... Mice from three different stocks were studied, and the stocks were designated A, R, and S. Stock A was noted to yield many ...
Mice - Mice, Inbred AKR PubMed MeSh Term *Overview. Overview. subject area of * A polymorphism in the alpha 4 nicotinic ... PROVIRAL ORGANIZATION AND RNA EXPRESSION IN 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE-INDUCED AND SPONTANEOUS HYMIC LYMPHOMAS IN RF AND AKR MICE ...
"Stock A Strain k AKR mouse originally inbred in the laboratory of Dr. C. P. Rhoads by K. B. Rhoads at the Rockefeller Institute ... The "Ak" in Akt refers to the AKR mouse strain that develops spontaneous thymic lymphomas. The "t" stands for thymoma; the ... In a mouse which is null for Akt1 but normal for Akt2, glucose homeostasis is unperturbed, but the animals are smaller, ... In contrast, mice which do not have Akt2, but have normal Akt1, have mild growth deficiency and display a diabetic phenotype ( ...
Effective treatment of AKR leukemia with antibody to gp7 1 eliminates the neonatal burst of ecotropic AKR virus producing cells ... Effective treatment of AKR leukemia with antibody to gp7 1 eliminates the neonatal burst of ecotropic AKR virus producing cells ... Effective treatment of AKR leukemia with antibody to gp7 1 eliminates the neonatal burst of ecotropic AKR virus producing cells ... Effective treatment of AKR leukemia with antibody to gp7 1 eliminates the neonatal burst of ecotropic AKR virus producing cells ...
Inbred BALB CGammaretrovirusArthritis-Encephalitis Virus, CaprineMason-Pfizer monkey virusMice, Inbred AKRRauscher Virus ... A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) isolated from spontaneous leukemia in AKR strain mice.. ... Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse. The type species of BETARETROVIRUS commonly latent in mice. It causes mammary adenocarcinoma in a ... Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos ...
MICE,. INBRED AKR Mice,. Inbred AKR. Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish. ...
MICE,. INBRED AKR Mice,. Inbred AKR. Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish. ...
MICE,. INBRED AKR Mice,. Inbred AKR. Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish. ...
MICE,. INBRED AKR Mice,. Inbred AKR. Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish. ...
MICE,. INBRED AKR Mice,. Inbred AKR. Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish Rats,. Inbred A x C 9935 Irish. ...
Inbred AKR Mouse Medicine & Life Sciences 25% * Exudates and Transudates Medicine & Life Sciences 19% ... The plating efficiency was 2.2% (1.3 to 3.9%) in AKR mice 3 days after intrapleural injection of 0.5 ml TM. A small but ... The plating efficiency was 2.2% (1.3 to 3.9%) in AKR mice 3 days after intrapleural injection of 0.5 ml TM. A small but ... The plating efficiency was 2.2% (1.3 to 3.9%) in AKR mice 3 days after intrapleural injection of 0.5 ml TM. A small but ...
43:26-36, 1982.) Using two independent AKR/J-derived sets of recombinant inbred mouse strains, AKXL (AKR/J x C57L/J) and AKXD ( ... AKR/J x DBA/2J), as well as the HP/EiTy strain (an Emv-13-carrying inbred strain partially related to AKR/J mice) (Taylor et al ... Cell cultures derived from recombinant inbred strains that carry only Emv-13 failed to express detectable infectious virus, ... All AKR/J mice carry at least three endogenous ecotropic viral loci which have been designated Emv-11 (Akv-1), Emv-13 (Akv-3), ...
... factor loci previously mapped in mouse chromosomes. These results suggest that Evi-1 represents a new locus involved in myeloid ... was determined by recombinant inbred and conventional backcross analyses. We mapped Evi-1 to a location approximately 15 cM ... Mice, Mice-Inbred-A, Mice-Inbred-AKR, Mice-Inbred-BALB-C, Mice-Inbred-C3H, Mice-Inbred-C57BL, Mice-Inbred-DBA, Proto-Oncogenes ... factor loci previously mapped in mouse chromosomes. These results suggest that Evi-1 represents a new locus involved in myeloid ...
Mice, Inbred A B1.50.50.157.520.300 Mice, Inbred AKR B1.50.50.157.520.318 Mice, Inbred BALB C B1.50.50.157.520.338 Mice, Inbred ... Mice, Inbred CBA B1.50.50.157.520.440 Mice, Inbred CFTR B1.50.50.157.520.445 Mice, Inbred DBA B1.50.50.157.520.500 Mice, Inbred ... Mice, Inbred MRL lpr B1.50.50.157.520.555 Mice, Inbred NOD B1.50.50.157.520.565 Mice, Inbred NZB B1.50.50.157.520.580 Mice, ... Inbred ACI B1.50.50.157.760.80 Rats, Inbred BB B1.50.50.157.760.90 Rats, Inbred BN B1.50.50.157.760.110 Rats, Inbred BUF B1.50. ...
Mice, Inbred A B1.50.50.157.520.300 Mice, Inbred AKR B1.50.50.157.520.318 Mice, Inbred BALB C B1.50.50.157.520.338 Mice, Inbred ... Mice, Inbred CBA B1.50.50.157.520.440 Mice, Inbred CFTR B1.50.50.157.520.445 Mice, Inbred DBA B1.50.50.157.520.500 Mice, Inbred ... Mice, Inbred MRL lpr B1.50.50.157.520.555 Mice, Inbred NOD B1.50.50.157.520.565 Mice, Inbred NZB B1.50.50.157.520.580 Mice, ... Inbred ACI B1.50.50.157.760.80 Rats, Inbred BB B1.50.50.157.760.90 Rats, Inbred BN B1.50.50.157.760.110 Rats, Inbred BUF B1.50. ...
Mice, Inbred A B1.50.50.157.520.300 Mice, Inbred AKR B1.50.50.157.520.318 Mice, Inbred BALB C B1.50.50.157.520.338 Mice, Inbred ... Mice, Inbred CBA B1.50.50.157.520.440 Mice, Inbred CFTR B1.50.50.157.520.445 Mice, Inbred DBA B1.50.50.157.520.500 Mice, Inbred ... Mice, Inbred MRL lpr B1.50.50.157.520.555 Mice, Inbred NOD B1.50.50.157.520.565 Mice, Inbred NZB B1.50.50.157.520.580 Mice, ... Inbred ACI B1.50.50.157.760.80 Rats, Inbred BB B1.50.50.157.760.90 Rats, Inbred BN B1.50.50.157.760.110 Rats, Inbred BUF B1.50. ...
There is mounting evidence suggesting that inbred mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds demonstrate variable ... Such mouse strain studies may prove useful in elucidating the genetic as well as epigenetic factors in humans that could help ... However, BALB/c mice are resistant to pulmonary fibrosis but susceptible to hepatic fibrosis. Few studies have assessed the ... A total of 44 studies were included covering 21 mouse strains and focusing on fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney, intestine ...
Sequenced Mouse Inbred Strain Genome Meta-data. Organism. mouse. Strain/Species. AKR/J ... Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse ... Annotation of mouse strain AKR/J genome assembly provided by GENCODE consortium. Distributed via Ensembl Release 103. Gene type ... J:259852 Mouse Genome Informatics and the WTSI Mouse Genomes Project, MGI Strain Genome Feature and Gene Model Load. Database ...
Sequenced Mouse Inbred Strain Genome Meta-data. Organism. mouse. Strain/Species. AKR/J ... Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse ... Annotation of mouse strain AKR/J genome assembly provided by GENCODE consortium. Distributed via Ensembl Release 103. Gene type ... J:259852 Mouse Genome Informatics and the WTSI Mouse Genomes Project, MGI Strain Genome Feature and Gene Model Load. Database ...
AKR inbred observed. Summary Hosted by. Part of Mouse Genome Informatics. Citing This Resource ... AKR inbred observed. observed. Summary Bone osteosarcoma. Bone. None (spontaneous). ...
Mice, Inbred A. *Mice, Inbred AKR. *Mice, Inbred BALB C. *Mice, Inbred C3H ... Mice, Inbred Strains [B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400]. *Mice, Inbred DBA [B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500. ... Inbred DBA" by people in this website by year, and whether "Mice, Inbred DBA" was a major or minor topic of these publications ... An inbred strain of mouse. Specific substrains are used in a variety of areas of BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH such as DBA/1J, which is ...
Mice, Inbred AKR. *Mice, Inbred BALB C. *Mice, Inbred C3H. *Mice, Inbred C57BL ... Mice, Inbred Strains [B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400]. *Mice, Inbred C57BL [B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635. ... One of the first INBRED MOUSE STRAINS to be sequenced. This strain is commonly used as genetic background for transgenic mouse ... Inbred C57BL" by people in this website by year, and whether "Mice, Inbred C57BL" was a major or minor topic of these ...
Mice, Inbred A. *Mice, Inbred AKR. *Mice, Inbred BALB C. *Mice, Inbred C3H ... Mice, Inbred Strains [B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400]. *Mice, Inbred DBA [B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500. ... Inbred DBA" by people in this website by year, and whether "Mice, Inbred DBA" was a major or minor topic of these publications ... An inbred strain of mouse. Specific substrains are used in a variety of areas of BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH such as DBA/1J, which is ...
Mice, Inbred AKR/parasitology. ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/parasitology. ; Mice, Inbred C57BL/parasitology. ; Mice/parasitology*. ... mice. fed with a normal diet; (ii) HFD, mice. fed with HFD; (iii) HFD-SIM, mice. fed with HFD and given simvastatin (20 mg/kg/ ... mice. .. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five ICR mice. and 20 BALB/C mice. were used where five animals as control and the rest ... mice. immunized with WT, CD X and CPD X were fully protected, but the CD XY- and CPD XY-vaccinated mice. had delayed symptoms ...
AKR, BALB/c, C3H, C57L, C58, CBA, DBA, GR, NOD.scid, SAMP, and SJL/J, and non-inbred mice, including 4WC, AB6F1, Ames dwarf, B6 ... AKR/J x DBA/2J)F1] x [(C57BL/6J x SJL/J)F1] These are "4-way cross (4WC) mice, which are (F2) offspring of (AKR/J x DBA/2J)F1 ... when the mice in the given reference were C57BL/6J mice fostered on C3Hf/Nctr mice.. ... The use of induced and spontaneous mutant mice and genetically engineered mice (and combinations thereof) to study cancers and ...
Furth for his development of the AKR mouse, whose DNA contains the genome of the leukemia virus, as a model for spontaneous ... Little for his pioneering work in the establishment of inbred mouse strains and his founding of the Jackson Laboratory, the ... Prehn for his development of inbred mouse strains to demonstrate specific cancer antigens, firmly developing the concept of ... Strong for his landmark studies in cancer genetics and his development of multiple strains of inbred mice. ...
The increase of NREMS delta power as a function of previous wake duration varies among inbred mouse strains. We sought to ... were assessed in AKR/J, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J mice, three strains that exhibit distinct EEG responses to SD. Cortical expression ... mice using molecular and behavioral end points. They found that vitamin A-depleted rbp-/- mice exhibit either normal ... we analyzed the locomotor behaviors in Egfrwa2 mutant mice on genetically defined, congenic backgrounds. METHODS: Mice carrying ...
characteristic of inbred laboratory mice. Wild mice control. from Drosophila melanogaster are illustrated in Fig. 6.25C. ... AKR mice or mammary tumors in some mice seems to con-. Many of these elements encode RT, and of these many ...
AKR *Murine leukemia virus*LDEV select virus isolates*E. cuniculi*Resistent to mousepox*Glomerular hylinosis*Thymic lymphoma* ... K virus lethal to suckling mice*MCMV*MMTV*Resistent to TMEV*Resistent to Salmonella enteritidis*Mast cells in spleen*Mammary ... Most frequently used mouse to superovulate for transgenic egg retrieval. - Retinal degeneration ... Reticulum cell sarcomas are common in old mice - Resistant to ectromelia - Resistant to irradiation ...
AKR, BALB/c, C3H/He, C58, CBA/Ca, CBA/J, DBA/2, NZB, NZW). Activation of Vβ5 TCR-expressing T cells by this determinant is ... These gene loci are deleted in mice having the ,/span>,span style=font-style:italic;font-family:Times,serif;font-size:9pt;>a ... These gene loci are deleted in mice having the ,/span>,span style=font-style:italic;font-family:Times,serif;font-size:9pt;>a ... Vβ5.1 and 5.2 TCR-bearing T lymphocytes are clonally eliminated, either completely or partially, in mice expressing I-E and ...
Donald Bailey develops the first recombinant inbred strains of mice by crossing two inbred strains. The resulting inbreds prove ... Mouse News Letter becomes a peer-reviewed journal, Mouse Genome, marking an increase in formality in the mouse community. In ... Obese mouse is discovered at JAX. The first animal model for obesity, the mouse later proves to have a key mutation in the ... By inserting rat growth hormone gene into a mouse, R. D. Palmiter et al. create an extra-large transgenic mouse - and a media ...
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Mice, Inbred BALB C" by people in this website by year, and whether "Mice, Inbred BALB C" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Mice, Inbred BALB C" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Acute treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan increases social approach behaviour but does not activate serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus in juvenile male BALB/c mice: A model of human disorders with deficits of sociability. (ucdenver.edu)
  • In this study, mtDNA variations among four classical (BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6J and DBA/2) and three Chinese (TA2, 615 and T739) inbred strains of laboratory mice were analyzed by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism) and PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction coupled with single-stranded conformational polymorphism) techniques. (silverchair.com)
  • Trichuris muris-infected AKR (susceptible to infection and generates Th1 response), BALB/c (resistant to infection and generates Th2 response), Stat4-deficient (impaired in Th1 response) and Stat6-deficient (impaired in Th2 response) mice were investigated to assess enterochromaffin cells, 5-HT and cytokines. (nih.gov)
  • In association with the generation of a Th2 response we observed higher enterochromaffin cell numbers and 5-HT content in the colon of BALB/c mice compared with AKR mice. (nih.gov)
  • BALB/c nude mouse produced by introducing the Foxn1〈nu〉 gene into the by backcrossing. (jslc.co.jp)
  • only three haplotypes are found in laboratory mice: ga, gb, and gc which are represented by balb/c, akr, and dba/2 prototypes respectively. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • To elucidate whether the pDNA immunization-induced anaphylaxis was a strain- dependent phenomenon, AKR/J and BALB/c mice also received multiple i.m. pAra h2 immunizations. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Although IgG2a was increased significantly from week 2 in AKR/J mice and from week 4 in BALB/c mice and remained elevated for at least 6 wk, no IgG1 or IgE was detected. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The AKR/J mouse strain, which spontaneously develops acute T cell lymphatic leukemia, was used to implement a novel strategy to generate global gene expression profiles of WBCs at different time points. (nih.gov)
  • The "Ak" in Akt refers to the AKR mouse strain that develops spontaneous thymic lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors state, "Stock A Strain k AKR mouse originally inbred in the laboratory of Dr. C. P. Rhoads by K. B. Rhoads at the Rockefeller Institute. (wikipedia.org)
  • An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in IMMUNOLOGY studies and cancer research. (nih.gov)
  • Continuity of a particular inbred strain implies that mice must live long enough to produce offspring, but beyond that minimal requirement there are great differences between strains in characteristic lifespan. (jax.org)
  • This strain was produced by Dr. Sudo and Suzuki (1984) by introducing a mutant gene (nu) into inbred DDD/1 mice. (jslc.co.jp)
  • 2. Strain differences in sucrose- and fructose-conditioned flavor preferences in mice. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Contribution of orosensory stimulation to strain differences in oil intake by mice. (nih.gov)
  • 19. Differences in saccharin preference and genetic alterations of the Tas1r3 gene among senescence-accelerated mouse strains and their parental AKR/J strain. (nih.gov)
  • These results indicate that the type of immune responses to pDNA immunization in mice is strain dependent. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Furthermore, we show that partial CD22 deficiency, i.e., heterozygous level of CD22 expression, markedly promotes the production of IgG anti-DNA autoantibodies in C57BL/6 (Cd22b) mice bearing the Y chromosome-linked autoimmune acceleration gene, Yaa. (unige.ch)
  • 1991. Hereditary hydronephrosis in C57BL/KsJ mice. (nih.gov)
  • C57BL/6 lymph node cells were incubated simultaneously with FITC-conjugated MR11-1, PE-conjugated anti-mouse CD4 RM4-5 (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 6. Sucrose motivation in sweet "sensitive" (C57BL/6J) and "subsensitive" (129P3/J) mice measured by progressive ratio licking. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Postoral glucose sensing, not caloric content, determines sugar reward in C57BL/6J mice. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Maltodextrin and sucrose preferences in sweet-sensitive (C57BL/6J) and subsensitive (129P3/J) mice revisited. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Enhanced sucrose and Polycose preference in sweet "sensitive" (C57BL/6J) and "subsensitive" (129P3/J) mice after experience with these saccharides. (nih.gov)
  • 11. Differential fructose and glucose appetition in DBA/2, 129P3 and C57BL/6 × 129P3 hybrid mice revealed by sugar versus non-nutritive sweetener tests. (nih.gov)
  • The first purpose of this chapter is to provide information about lifespans of mice from a variety of inbred strains and F 1 hybrids to assist investigators in the design of experiments. (jax.org)
  • This was demonstrated by a breeding scheme in which the highly metastatic polyoma middle T transgenic mouse mammary tumor model was bred to a variety of inbred strains and the metastatic capacity of the tumors in each of the F 1 hybrid populations determined [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And Ludwig Gross's induction of leukemia in mice with AKR thymic lymphomas met the same sort of reaction. (nih.gov)
  • When miR-290, containing both miR-290-3p and miR-290-5p, was ectopically expressed in the metastatic breast cancer cell line Mvt-1 and orthotopically injected into FVB/N mice, a 70% reduction in mammary tumor burden and a complete suppression of lung metastasis was observed. (nih.gov)
  • different populations of wild mice (mus musculus domesticus) in los angeles and ventura counties were observed over their lifespan in captivity for expression of infectious murine leukemia virus (mulv) and murine mammary tumor virus (mmtv) and for the occurrence of cancer and other diseases. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Objectives: We evaluated the utility of genetically diverse mouse strains for estimating toxicokinetic population variability for risk assessment, using trichloroethylene (TCE) metabolism as a case study. (nih.gov)
  • Methods: We used data on oxidative and glutathione conjugation metabolism of TCE in 16 inbred and 1 hybrid mouse strains to calibrate and extend existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. (nih.gov)
  • When extrapolated to lower doses more relevant to environmental exposures, mouse population-derived variability estimates for TCE metabolism closely matched population variability estimates previously derived from human toxicokinetic studies with TCE, highlighting the utility of mouse interstrain metabolism studies for addressing toxicokinetic variability. (nih.gov)
  • A mouse model with complete deletion of the Akt1 gene manifests growth retardation and increased spontaneous apoptosis in tissues such as testes and thymus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spontaneous heritable hydronephrosis in inbred mice. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular analysis of spontaneous nephrotropic anti-laminin antibodies in an autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mouse. (musc.edu)
  • Autoimmune lpr/lpr mice deficient in CD40 ligand: spontaneous Ig class switching with dichotomy of autoantibody responses. (musc.edu)
  • southern blotting analysis using a cdna probe consisting of the central portion of the e12 coding region has revealed two distinct forms of e2a, one which is common to all inbred and wild mouse strains derived from mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus, whereas the other is less common and has only been found in the wild mouse population of mus musculus domesticus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • AKR/J and C3H/J females) are usually extremely susceptible to a specific kind of neoplasm. (jax.org)
  • Female but Not Male Mice Deficient in Soluble IgM Are Susceptible to Chemically Induced Glomerular Injury. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Mice were NOT carriers of infectious MMTV but were susceptible to it. (jax.org)
  • Elevated sterol synthesis in lymphocytic leukemia cells from two inbred strains of mice. (jax.org)
  • Many of the research uses of inbred mice have developed from the reliable and predictable development of specific types of tumors, described in detail in Chapter 27 . (jax.org)
  • liver tumors from interspecific hybrid, transgenic mice containing the sv40 early region linked to a mouse major urinary protein enhancer/promoter were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity to identify chromosomal regions which potentially contain genetic loci involved in multistep tumorigenesis. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The full induction of human apoprotein A-I gene expression by the experimental nephrotic syndrome in transgenic mice depends on cis-acting elements in the proximal 256 base-pair promoter region and the trans-acting factor early growth response factor 1. (musc.edu)
  • genetic analysis of liver tumorigenesis in sv40 t antigen transgenic mice implies a role for imprinted genes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Some of the best material for comparison of the relative longevity of different genetic types comes from life-histories of mice of many inbred strains maintained together under a single regimen, as in the pedigreed expansion stocks of a supply colony. (jax.org)
  • The second purpose of this chapter, particularly pertinent to mouse pathology, is to present a discussion of the aging patterns of mice and of variation between genetic groups of mice in the incidence of particular pathological conditions. (jax.org)
  • In this chapter I will deal with relationships between lifespan and the incidence of pathological conditions and will discuss genetic and environmental influences on longevity of mice. (jax.org)
  • genetic control of retroviral disease in aging wild mice. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • 10. Genetic variance contributes to ingestive processes: a survey of eleven inbred mouse strains for fat (Intralipid) intake. (nih.gov)
  • This material, previously unpublished, may be suitable for demonstrating: (1) range of lifespans characteristic of mice in single genetically homogeneous populations, (2) differences between inbred strains in means and range of lifespan, (3) effects of sex, breeding, environmental conditions, and hybrid vigor on lifespan. (jax.org)
  • Mutant prenyltransferase-like mitochondrial protein (PLMP) and mitochondrial abnormalities in kd/kd mice. (musc.edu)
  • Conclusions: Population PBPK modeling of genetically diverse mouse strains can provide useful quantitative estimates of toxicokinetic population variability. (nih.gov)
  • danish mice (mus musculus domesticus) genetically resistant to the anticoagulant action of two 4-hydroxycoumarins, warfarin and bromadiolone, were examined to determine their mechanism of resistance. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, mice which do not have Akt2, but have normal Akt1, have mild growth deficiency and display a diabetic phenotype (insulin resistance), again consistent with the idea that Akt2 is more specific for the insulin receptor signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Uncovering the genes responsible for the hypersensitive phenotype and granuloma formation in mice may prove useful in learning more about the mechanisms involved in CBD. (cdc.gov)
  • the hepatic vitamin k epoxide reductase in the bromadiolone-resistant mice and in one phenotype of warfarin-resistant mice was highly insensitive to in vitro inhibition by warfarin and bromadiolone. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • phenotype and tcr gamma delta variable gene repertoire of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in wild mice (mus musculus domesticus): abundance of v gamma 1 transcripts and extensive delta gene diversity. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Differences in lifespan have been found between lines of mice selected for large and small body size, with large mice surviving longer in one experiment ( Chai, 1959 ), and selected small mice in another ( Roberts, 1961 ). (jax.org)
  • In view of enormous polymorphisms in mtDNA among mice and dramatic differences in nuclear genomes of these seven strains, our findings were surprising. (silverchair.com)
  • tcrg gene polymorphism was investigated by southern blot analysis on a panel of laboratory and wild mouse strains using a set of probes which identify all known tcrg-v and -c genes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Lupus prone (SWR x NZB)F1 mice produce potentially nephritogenic autoantibodies inherited from the normal SWR parent. (musc.edu)
  • Role of the H-2 haplotype in Fas-intact lupus-prone MRL mice: association with autoantibodies but not renal disease. (musc.edu)
  • Numbers of enterochromaffin cells and amount of 5-HT were significantly lower in Stat6-deficient mice after infection compared with Stat4-deficient mice. (nih.gov)
  • Induction of anti-DNA antibodies in non autoimmune mice by immunization with a DNA-DNAase I complex. (musc.edu)
  • To investigate the potential application of allergen gene immunization in the modulation of food allergy, C3H/HeSn (C3H) mice received i.m. injections of pAra h2 plasmid DNA encoding one of the major peanut allergens, Ara h2. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Incrosses between these selected lines, as in all hybrid crosses which have been reported, F 1 hybrid offspring survived significantly longer than did mice of either parental type. (jax.org)
  • Simvastatin protection against acute immune-mediated glomerulonephritis in mice. (musc.edu)
  • And when Sarah Stewart and Bernice Eddy isolated Polyoma virus, we got involved in seeing how it could be handled in the laboratory and began a whole series of experiments that had to do with studying the natural history of Polyoma virus infection in lab mice, and Bob Huebner's particular interest in mice in the wild. (nih.gov)
  • The experimental approach was bias free because it was unknown as to which individuals in the mouse population would eventually develop the disease. (nih.gov)
  • And then we progressed, or moved, from there to studying indigenous viruses of mice, because we were beginning to use mice a lot for experimental purposes, and it became very clear that there were a lot of viruses already in the mice that weren't recognized, hadn't been classified, or tests worked out for their characterization. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, enterochromaffin cell numbers and 5-HT content were significantly higher after reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient mice with in-vitro polarised Th2 cells. (nih.gov)
  • in other words, different individual mice share an identical genotype, except that the Y chromosome occurs only in the males (Wei et al. (silverchair.com)
  • the hsr on chromosome 1 of the house mouse, mus domesticus: distribution and frequency in switzerland. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • a total of 357 house mice (mus domesticus) from 83 localities uniformly distributed throughout switzerland were screened for the presence of a homogenously staining region (hsr) on chromosome 1. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • In order to look at both aspects of the disease, we performed a mouse ear-swelling test (MEST) to correlate with the sensitization process and a 5-month oropharyngeal aspiration study to look at granuloma development in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • In the MEST, 21 different inbred mouse strains were utilized to see if they would exhibit varying hypersensitivity responses to Be. (cdc.gov)
  • IgG1 was 30-fold higher in multiply compared with singly immunized mice. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Heat- inactivated immune serum induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, suggesting that anaphylaxis in C3H mice was mediated by IgG1. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • the kinetic constants for the epoxide reductase from bromadiolone-resistant mice were also altered. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • new t-cell receptor gamma haplotypes in wild mice and evidence for limited tcrg-v gene polymorphism. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Obstructive uropathy in laboratory mice. (nih.gov)
  • ga and gc haplotypes are the most frequent among laboratory mice whereas gb is poorly represented. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • However, one male in a line (NS) selected for low body weight survived 1330 days, which possibly is the longest recorded lifespan for the laboratory mouse ( Roberts, 1961 ). (jax.org)
  • Figure Legend: Figure 1 Dilation of the urinary bladder with focal to diffuse flattening of urothelium in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
  • Figure 2 Normal bladder for comparison in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a subchronic study. (nih.gov)
  • Mouse urologic syndrome in male animals is a frequent cause of obstruction, bladder dilation, inflammation, morbidity, and death. (nih.gov)
  • 1962. Obstructive genitourinary disease in male STR/1N mice. (nih.gov)
  • Data collected at The Jackson Laboratory provide a basis for comparing larger numbers of inbred strains and F 1 hybrids. (jax.org)
  • We profiled chromatin accessibility in liver from seven strains of mice with phenotypic diversity in response to a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet and identified reproducible chromatin variation across the individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that specific classes of TEs show variable chromatin accessibility across strains of mice that display phenotypic diversity in response to a HF/HS diet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • cloning and sequence analysis of the gene and cdna encoding mouse spermidine/spermine n1-acetyltransferase--a gene uniquely regulated by polyamines and their analogs. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The MR11-1 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes the Vβ 12 T-cell Receptor (TCR) of mice having the b haplotype (e.g. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • mouse-adcl3 Mus musculus (Mouse) Arylacetamide deacetylase-like 3 , mouse-adcl4 Mus musculus (Mouse) Arylacetamide deacetylase-like 4 Hypothetical esterase/lipase/thioesterase family active site containing protein , mouse-aryla Mus musculus (Mouse) arylacetamide deacetylase and 5033417e09rik protein , mouse-Q8BLF1 Mus musculus (Mouse) KIAA1363 NCEH1 neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 B230106I24RIK , mouse-b1avu7 Mus musculus (Mouse). (inrae.fr)
  • Uncharacterized protein , mouse-b2rwd2 Mus musculus (Mouse). (inrae.fr)
  • A murine nephritogenic monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibody binds directly to mouse laminin, the major non-collagenous protein component of the glomerular basement membrane. (musc.edu)
  • Ara h2 or peanut protein injection of immunized mice induced anaphylactic reactions, which were more severe in multiply immunized mice. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • mouse la-4 lung adenoma cells treated with either spermine or the spermine analog, n1,n12-bis(ethyl)spermine, produced a 2.3 and 6.5-fold increase, respectively, in ssat mrna. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • mouse-f172a Mus musculus (Mouse). (inrae.fr)
  • Arylacetamide deacetylase-like 2 , mouse-j3qpi0 Mus musculus (Mouse). (inrae.fr)
  • biochemical basis of warfarin and bromadiolone resistance in the house mouse, mus musculus domesticus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Taken together, these results suggest that a lower up-regulation of CD22 on activated B cells (resulting from Cd22 gene anomaly in Cd22a mice or from CD22 heterozygosity in mutants obtained by gene targeting) is implicated in autoantibody production, providing support for Cd22a as a possible candidate allele contributing to lupus susceptibility. (unige.ch)
  • Autoreactive T cells from MRL-lpr/lpr mice secrete multiple lymphokines and induce the production of IgG anti-DNA antibodies. (musc.edu)
  • Autoreactive T cells with atypical MHC restriction from MRL-lpr/lpr mice: forbidden clones revisited. (musc.edu)
  • Abnormal signal transduction through CD4 leads to altered tyrosine phosphorylation in T cells derived from MRL-lpr/lpr mice. (musc.edu)
  • Isolation, culture, and characterization of endothelial cells from mouse glomeruli. (musc.edu)
  • Mouse models of beryllium -induced sensitization and granulomatous lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • PMID- 214395 TI - Chemical modification of peptide antibiotics : Part VII--Biological activity of derivatives of polymyxin B. PMID- 214396 TI - Temporal relations in phosphohydrolases of mouse testes. (nih.gov)
  • A study in erythroblasts from eight strains of inbred mice found that approximately 1/3 of variable open chromatin sites can be explained by single nucleotide variants and that these variants were associated with complex traits and disease [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we show that, in addition to the wild-type transcripts, NZW (Cd22a) mice synthesize aberrant CD22 mRNAs that contain approximately 20-120 nucleotide insertions upstream of the coding region between exons 2 and 3, and/or approximately 100-190 nucleotide deletions of exon 4. (unige.ch)
  • In the aspiration study, seven inbred strains aspirated either 20µg, 35µg, or 50µg of beryllium metal powder or water vehicle monthly. (cdc.gov)
  • Responsiveness of autoimmune and normal mice to nucleic acid antigens. (musc.edu)
  • Cutting Edge: Multiple autoimmune pathways in kd/kd mice. (musc.edu)
  • Lifespan is prolonged in autoimmune-prone (NZB/NZW) F1 mice fed a diet supplemented with indole-3-carbinol. (musc.edu)
  • The Cd22 gene encodes a B cell-specific adhesion molecule that modulates B cell Ag receptor-mediated signal transduction, and is allelic to a lupus-susceptibility locus in New Zealand White (NZW) mice. (unige.ch)
  • Proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in the rat and mouse urinary system. (nih.gov)
  • To explore this concept, MMTV-PyMT mice were crossed with 25 AKXD (AKR/J x DBA/2J) recombinant inbred strains to produce F1 progeny. (nih.gov)